Umal. English & Orya

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@style[fill no]
@modify[hang, indent -14 char]
@headert[@=Pinihas Bunggu's Story
@=Orya Language, Recorded in Guay, November 1985]
@header[@=Pinihas Bunggu's Story
@=Orya Language, Recorded in Guay, November 1985]


The glosses in this paper reflect the attempt by the researcher
to follow Foley and Van Valin [@I<Functional Syntax and Universal
Grammar>, Cambridge University Press, 1984].  An analysis of this
text will appear in a collection of anthropology studies
published by the Summer Institute of Linguistics, Dallas.


ABBREIVIATIONS used in GLOSS LINES:


@begin[hang, columns = 2]
1sg           first person singular
1pl           first person plural
2dl           second person dual
2sg           second person singular
2pl           second person plural
3dlM          third person dual male
3sgF          third person dual female
3sgM          third person singular male
3sgF          third person singular female
ADJ           adjective
ALREADY       already (a modal)
AM            am . . .

Name: pinihas1asc-1458.txt
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FORMAT B:ANTHRO.FMT
STYLE Paper 10.5 inches,TopMargin 4 lines
@tct("�" "e �")
@tct("�" "i �")
@Modify(Hyphens, numbered "%<%;-%]")
@Modify(Numbered, font draft, indent -10, spacing 1, justify
no, above 3, below 3)
BEGIN HEADER

 Draft Version:  I Too Am A Man 

END HEADER

Draft Version:
BEGIN CENTER
I TOO AM A MAN



How manhood is measured, and how scores are settled:



Pinihas Bunggu, Simon Ti Eis, and Phil FieldsBEGIN
ENOTEPinihas Bunggu narrated the story that became the basis of
this article.  Simon Ti Eis filled out the background history and
cultural meanings of the various customs described.  Phil Fields
was responsible for the translation and overall organization of
the analysis.END ENOTE


END CENTER


For the Orya, successfully killing an enemy traditionally
marked the transition to manhood, and was the normal prerequisite
for being able to marry.  Victorious men were given the right to
to wear a nose piece which corresponded to the sex of their
victim as their badge of ma . . .

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HEADINGB Mr. Umal's Mistake:


The theme of Pinihas' discourse was the murder of Mr. Umal,
which was different in many respects from the previous killings
and gives rise to further revelations relevant to Orya war
practices and manhood.  Umal, whom Pinihas referred to as Mister.
(Tuan from Indonesian), was the district officer of the
governmentBEGIN ENOTEPinihas reveals quite a different view of
the Dutch government compared with Martin Maware, whose narration
was the basis of the article Of Paradise Lost.  The Orya people
also remember the Dutch for forcing them to carry large burdens
as coolies, for forcing the people to work without pay, and for
beating people who were lazy or uncooperative.  The Dutch also
did not like people to spend long periods of time in the jungle
away from their villages, and this was resented as it interfered
with the normal hunting and gathering life style of the Orya
people.END ENOTE, a man from Ambon.  His headquarters were in
Bonggo village on the coast. . . .

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@format[c:inter.fmt]
@headert[@=@DR[@b[Pinihas Bunggu's Story]
@=Orya Language, Recorded in Guay, November 1985]]
@header[@=@DR[@b[Pinihas Bunggu's Story]
@=Orya Language, Recorded in Guay, November 1985]]

@rf[1]

@tx[Maesa,       Tuan Umal, maesa,       Yakobasa   aning]
@mb[mae     -sa  tuan Umal  mae     -sa  Yakoba-sa  aning]
@mg[that one-PVT Mr.  Umal  that one-PVT Yakoba-PVT hide]

@tx[gulgweka,           maehap,   sap     nolbwak             Nos�n]
@mb[gul-gwe  -ka        mae -hap  sap     nol       -blak     Nos�n]
@mg[FO -REPET-3sgM-PAST this-PURP BECAUSE PL-TAKE FO-MIO-PAST Nos�n]

@tx[swehap.]
@mb[swe     -hap]
@mg[deceased-BEN]

This is about Mr. Umal, who tried to hide Yakoba (repeatedly)
because she had already been given to Nos�n.

@rf[2]

@tx[Hw�na man aning gulgweka.]
@mb[hw�na man aning gul-gwe  -ka]
@mg[so    WAS hide  FO -REPET-3sgM-PAST]

So he hid her (repeatedly).

@rf[3]

@tx[Sudah,   hw�na Markus swe      zep  aningkim]
@mb[sudah    hw�na Markus swe      zep . . .

Name: umal2itx-1458.txt
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@rf[84]

@tx[Asya        hw�na   Tahyal zep  mo  taka               zen,]
@mb[asya        hw�na   Tahyal zep  mo  ta      -ka        zen]
@mg[immediately however Tahyal THEN POS shoot MO-3sgM-PAST he]

@tx[sindol dan  ik   dannak.]
@mb[sindol dan  ik   dan -nak]
@mg[cuscus bone shin bone-LOC]

Then right away Tahyal shot him, with a cuscus bone tipped arrow
in the leg.

@rf[85]

@tx[Desa     w�r      gweblanna,                 waken z�    gw�]
@mb[de  -sa  w�r      gwe-bla           -n  -na  waken z�    gw�]
@mg[that-PVT decorate BE -because of him-INF-TOP over  there live]

@tx[ara,       Tidores bak   w�r      gweblaka.]
@mb[an   -la   Tidores bak   w�r      gwe-bla           -ka]
@mg[PRES -3sgM Tidores honor decorate BE -because of him-3sgM-PAST]

The one who was decorated for his death lives over there,
Tidores.

@rf[85.from other informant]

@tx[[Zen deng             tyaka,       zen hen  nokwakam]
@mb[ zen deng             ta-ka        zen hen  nokwa       -kam]
@mg[ he  gave sec . . .

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.fo n
UMAL1.ITX      first half of interlinear text
UMAL2.ITX      second half of interlinear text
PINIHAS1.ASC   first half of cultural analysis
               of the Umal text
PINIHAS2.ASC   second half of cultural analysis
               of the Umal text
MARKS          Abbreviations used in morpheme glosses


All of the above are pure ASCII files.  The  files were
formatted for printing using Sprint (by Borland).  The
format markers in the file are easily deciphered, so people
using other text processors will be easily able to reformat
the texts using automatic find and replace procedures.
INTER.FMT is the style sheet used by Sprint to format the
interlinear text.  It would be useful only to other Sprint
users.  

Please note that the draft of the cultural analysis paper
included is a pre-publication draft.  It should accompany
the interlinar text, as the text is very hard to follow even
from the free translation.  The commentary in the paper
makes it more understandable. . . .

Umal. English & Orya

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