NEXT to the acknowledgement of the existence of a Deity, there is no one principle of greater importance in religion, than a realizing belief of the divine government and providence, as superintending the affairs of the universe, and in­timately concerned in whatever happens to mankind, both as nations and kingdoms, and as individuals.

Deeply to be impressed with a sense of the divine providence, to realize that GOD is Govornor among the nations, that his government is wise and just, and that all our times and changes are in his hands, and at his disposal, will have the happiest tendency to excite the most grateful acknowledgements of his good­ness in prosperity, the most cordial resignation to his paternal discipline in adversity, and the most placid composure and equanimity of mind in all the chang­ing scenes of life. Inspired with this divine principle, we shall contemplate, with grateful wonder and de­light, [Page 6] the goodness of God in prosperous events, and devoutly acknowledge and adore his sovereign hand in days of darkness and perplexity, and when the greatest difficulties press. This will be a source of comfort and support under private afflictions and trials, and this shall encourage our hope in God and trust in his name, under public calamities and judgments.—Yea, however dark and mysterious the ways of pro­vidence may appear; yet nothing shall overwhelm the mind, or destroy the trust and hope of those, that realize the government of heaven,—that realize, that an alwise God is seated on the throne, and that all things are well appointed for his chosen people,—for them that fear him.

This principle and these sentiments therefore, being of so great use and importance in religion, un­der the various dispensations of providence, one great design of the present discourse, is to rouse and excite us to a religious acknowledgment of the hand of God, in those distressing scenes of MURDER, BLOOD­SHED and WAR, we are met to commemorate, upon this solemn occasion.

The passage before us, it is humbly conceived, is well suited to confirm our faith, to excite our trust, and encourage our hope, under such awful dispensa­tions, as it points out the method of God's govern­ment and the course of his providence towards the enemies and oppressors of his people, and the fate of those that shed innocent blood; and at the same time, represents his peculiar care of his church and chosen, and the assurance they have, when under oppression, of restoration and establishment,—and that God him­self will plead their cause and both cleanse and avenge their innocent blood. "Egypt shall be a desolation, and Edom shall be a desolate wilderness, for the vio­lence against the children of Judah, because they [Page 7] have shed INNOCENT BLOOD in their land. But Judah shall dwell forever, and Jerusalem from generation to generation. For I will cleanse their blood, that I have not cleansed; for the LORD dwelleth in Zion."

It is not necessary to enquire as to the immediate occasion, or literal fulfilment of the prephecy before us, with respect to the particular nations, or kingdoms here mentioned. It is sufficient to our present pur­pose to observe, that Egypt was early noted, in scrip­ture history, for oppressing God's people, and causing them to serve with cruel bondage. Edom also is mentioned as guilty of violence towards them, and expressing a most imbittered hatred and revenge against them; and from the expressions in the text, it is natural to suppose, that there had been some, if not many instances of their shedding innocent blood in their land. ^* Israel, God's chosen people, had often suffered violence, from both these states: So that we have good reason to suppose, that both Egypt and Edom, in the language of scripture prophecy, in the text and other passages, may intend not Egypt or Edom only, but (proverbially) in a more general sense, enemies, persecutors or oppressors of God's people, who violated their rights and liberties, religi­ous and civil, and by the sword of persecution or op­pression, shed innocent blood in their land.

Prophecies, especially those that are, or may be, of general use to the people of God, are but seldom literal, either in prediction or fulfilment. They are rather of use to foreshew great and interesting events, as taking place in the world, in such time and man­ner, and upon such persons, societies, nations, or kingdoms, as shall display the justice and equity of divine government, and the peculiar care which [Page 8] Heaven takes of the church and people of God, for their correction, instruction, preservation or estab­lishment. Agreeably St. Peter speaks strongly for this method of explaining and improving scripture prophecies, where he says expressly, that "no pro­phecy of the scripture is of any private interpretati­on." ^* It is, therefore, rational to suppose, that though prophecies may have special or immediate reference to particular persons, societies, nations or kingdoms, and to events in which they may be im­mediately interested; yet they may be fitly con­sidered as having a further and more important in­terpretation, which may be of general use for the di­rection and edification of God's church and people, in all ages, to the end. In this general sense, there­fore, you will permit me to consider the prophecy in the passage before us: and thus understood, it is easy to see several things suggested in it, worthy our most serious attention and religious improvement, upon such an occasion as this.

In the first place, it is admitted, that for wise pur­poses, a just God may permit powerful enemies, or oppressors, to injure, do violence unto and distress his people, and to carry their measures of violence and oppression to such lengths among them, as to strike at their life and "shed innocent blood in their land."

As God is the Sovereign of the world, and exer­cises his government for the glory of his name, in the good of the whole, so he hath a paternal concern for the special benefit and improvement of his church and people. All creatures are his servants: and God accomplisheth his designs and carries his coun­sels to effect, by what means and instruments he pleases. It is with him alone, 'who is wonderful in counsel [Page 9] and excellent in working," to bring good out of evil. When God designs the reproof and correction of hi [...] people, he can exercise this holy discipline in various ways and by various means, as shall best an­swer the purposes of his government. This holy discipline is accordingly exercised, sometimes by the immediate hand of providence: as in wasting sick­ness, parching drought, awful and desolating earth­quakes, or other judgments, which are immediately from God himself. Or this may be done more im­mediately, by the instrumentality of his creatures; and even the wicked, and those that love the wages of unrighteousness, that delight in oppression, waste and spoil, or thirst for innocent blood, may be im­proved [...]s the rod in his hand to correct, or punish the sins of his people. With this view the oppressor is per­mitted to injure, insult, oppress and lay waste in a land; and to carry his measures to the shedding of inno­cent blood. With the same design does a sovereign God give the enemy a commission, in war, with fire and sword, to distress and destroy.

In such public calamities, it is true, it often comes to pass, that as individuals, the innocent are involved and suffer with the guilty; and sometimes the in­nocent alone. But however unjust, or cruel the op­pressor, and those that thirst for blood may be, in contriving and carrying into execution their wicked, opprssieve, or bloody designs, they are no other than instruments in providence and the rod in the hand of the great Governor of the world, for the reproof and correction of his people. These things happen not by accident, or chance, but by the direction, or per­mission of that God, who is righteous in all his ways and holy in all his works. When Israel sinned and did evil in the sight of the LORD, it is said, "the anger of the LORD was hot against Israel, and he [Page 10] delivered them into the hands of spoilers that spoiled them, and he sold them into the hands of their ene­mies round about and they were greatly distressed." ^* Hence also the Assyrian King is expressly called " the rod of GOD'S anger," for the correction of his people ^† And thus Egyp [...] and Edom, in the pro­phecy before us, in committing violence upon the children of Judah and in shedding innocent blood in their land, are held up to view as the rod in GOD'S hand, for the correction, reproof and instruction of his people. Agreeably this is the language of a just and faithful GOD, in such dispensations, " hear ye the rod, and who hath appointed it. ^‡

It matters not, therefore, who are the immediate instruments of violence and oppression, or by whose hands the blood of innocent persons is shed, or their substance wasted and habitations destroyed; nor yet from what motives, or views such acts of oppression and cruelty are perpetrated, with respect to the re­ligious improvement, that GOD expects us, or any people, to make of such heavy dispensations. 'tis GOD, and his hand—'tis GOD and his providence, which we are first of all concerned to notice, acknow­ledge and improve. However unjust our sufferings may be from man; yet, when we realize the hand of GOD, the great and wise Governor of the world, as concerned herein, silence and submission is our indis­pensible duty, and no murmer, or complaint ought ever to be heard, but with reverence and humility it becomes us to bow before the LORD, and adoring his sovereignty, ascribe righteousness to our GOD. Neither the insults of oppressors, nor the flames of our once delightful habitations, nor even the inno­cent blood of our brethren slain, should move to a murmuring word or an angry thought, against GOD, [Page 11] his government, or providence.—"Shall we receive good at the hand of GOD, and shall we not receive evil?" ^*—And "shall not the Judge of all the earth do right!" ^† The more grievously we are smitten, the more deeply we are affected, the more carefully should we endeavour to realize our dependence upon GOD, the more religiously acknowledge his hand, and the more earnestly return to him that smites. This is the lesson of instruction, which GOD expects we should learnt by such bitter dispensations, and this the improvement he looks for, in us and his peo­ple, in order to the restoration of his favour and our redemption from enemies and oppressors, who threaten to lay waste and destroy. May these things, th [...]n, be deeply impressed on each of our hearts.—But I pass

Secondly, To observe the fate of oppressors, and the sentence of heaven against those, that do violence to GOD'S people and shed innocent blood in their land. Egypt shall be a desolation, and Edom shall be a desolate wilderness, for the violence against the children of Judah, because they have shed innocent blood in their land.

However just it may be in GOD to correct his peo­ple and whatever right is ascribed to him of improv­ing the wicked, as the rod in his hand to correct, or the sword to punish them; yet this alters not the nature of their oppressive designs, neither does it abate their guilt, or alleviate their crime, in these measures of injustice, violence or cruelty, by which the people of GOD are distressed.

Thus GOD speaks of the Assyrian king, a prince noted in history for his avarice and ambition, cruelty and oppression, (and in him, of the Assyrian state, whose character was included in that of its king) saying—"O Assyrian, the rod of mine anger, and [Page 12] the staff in their hand is mine indignation. I will send him to an hypocritical nation; and against the people of my wrath will I give him a charge to take the spoil, and to take the prey, and to tread them down like the mire of the streets. Howbeit, he meaneth not so, neither doth his heart think so, but it is in his heart to destroy. Wherefore it shall come to pass, that when the LORD hath performed his whole work upon mount Zion, and on Jerusalem, I will punish the fruit of the stout heart of the king of Assyria, and the glory of his high looks." ^* And so it came to pass: For this power, that with such a mighty hand, and for so long a time, oppressed GOD'S people and other nations, in GOD'S due time, felt the [...]eight of the iron yoke, and received double for all the injustice, oppression and cruelty it had exercised towards others.

In this, and many other circumstances, with which history abounds, it is easy to see the fate of the ene­mies of GOD'S people and oppressors of mankind.—But we need not go from the text, for satisfaction in this matter. In the words of the prophecy before us, we have the sentence of heaven against the oppressors of GOD'S people and the doom of those common enemies of mankind, pronounced, and the reason thereof assigned, in the clearest terms. Egypt shall be a desolation. Edom shall be a desolate wilderness, for the violence against the children of Juda [...], be­cause they have shed innocent blood in their land.

The LORD is a GOD, that loveth righteousness and hateth iniquity, in whatever shape, or character it appears. Injustice, oppression and violence (much less the shedding of innocent blood) shall not pass un­noticed, by the just Governor of the world. Sooner, or later, a just recompence will be made upon such workers of iniquity.—Yea, though hand join in hand, [Page 13] in measures of oppression and violence, against GOD'S people; and though their avarice, ambition, and law­less thirst for power and domination, may carry them on, 'till their steps shall be marked with innocent blood; yet, certain it is, they shall not, finally, go unpunished. For a time, indeed, and but for a time, such workers of unrighteousness, such destroyers of mankind may practise and prosper; but 'vengeance slow, is vengeance sure.' Their ways are marked before GOD. Their punishment and destruction are sealed in his presence: And the time is hastning, when destruction, without remedy, shall be their portion.

The truth of these sentiments hath often been verified in providence, and the proud princes and the most powerful states have been taught, by severe, by fatal experience, that desolation from the LORD awaits the impiety of those, that do violence to his people and 'shed innocent blood in their land.'

Here then we may see the light in which that peo­ple, or nation, are to be considered, that walk in the ways of oppression, and that thirst for and shed inno­cent blood. Here we may also see the ruin to which they are hastning, the awful judgments that await them, and the great reason they have to fear the sen­tence of heaven, denounced against them, in the pro­phecy before us, and its literal fulfilment upon them. Which naturally leads in the last place.

Thirdly, To observe, in the prophecy before us, the peculiar care GOD takes of his church and people, and the assurance they have, even when actually suffering violence and under the cruel hand of op­pression, of redemption, restoration and establishment; and that GOD himself will plead their cause, and both cleanse and avenge their innocent blood. Nothing can be more directly expressive of this sentiment, or [Page 14] a firmer ground of assurance, for the confirmation of the faith and hope of God's chosen people in the be­lief of it, than the promise and prephecy, concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the text. While Egypt and Edom, while the enemies and oppressiors of God's people, are doomed to that desolation, they so justly deserve, the strongest assurances are given, "that Judah shall dwell forever, and Jerusalem from ge­neration to generation For I, saith God, will cleanse their blood, that I have not cleansed: For the Lord dwelleth in Zion." The words are plain, and need no comment. They speak the language of scripture, fact and experience, for the confirmation of the faith and hope of God's church and chosen in days of per­plexity and darkness and when actually under the in­justice, violence and cruelty of inveterate enemies, or blood thirsty oppressors.

Here are two things, for the inducement and con­firmation of the faith and hope of God's church and people, in such times of darkness and distress, which are well worthy serious notice and attention.

First, God's word and promise, in which he assures his people, that notwithstanding the violence of their enemie against them, and the distress and sorrow their oppressors may have caused them, by sheddin innocent blood among them; yet they shall never avail to overthrow, or destroy them; but they shall assuredly be redeemed and delivered out of their hands, and re­stored and established, as his church and people, in a flourishing state.

And then, secondly, To leave no doubt upon their minds, as to the fulfilment of this blessed promise, a gracious God condescends to explain him [...]elf in the clearest terms possible, and to satisfy them, that no­thing should fail of all that he had promised, he as­sures them that he would take the work into his own [Page 15] hands, and see to the accomplishment of it himself; that thus it might appear to them and to the world of mankind, that the Lord was with them and dwelt [...]n the midst of them. "Judah shall dwell forever, and Jerusalem from generation to generation: For I will cleanse their blood, that I have not cleansed; for the Lord dwelleth in Zion."—Words well suited to chear and comfort the sinking spirits of God's afflicted, op­pressed people: and words which might rouse the faith, and give a spring to the hope of the most feeble and faint-hearted, among God's people, in the depths of distress. For 'God is not a man that he should lie, nor the son of man that he should repent. ^*—'Hath he promised, and shall he not perform?—Hath he spoken, and shall he not bring it to pass?'—

Blood is said to be cleansed, or avenged, when justice hath taken place, and the murderer is punished. God may be said to cleanse the innocent blood, which may have been shed among his people, by the sword of oppressors, or enemies, when in providence he un­dertakes for them, avenges their blood upon them that slew them, and reduces them to reason or ruin.

The sword is an appeal to heaven,—when there­fore, the arms of a people are eventually successful, or by the immedate interposition of providence, their enemies and oppressors are subdued or destroyed—When a people are reinstated in peace, upon equitable terms, and established in the enjoyment of all their just rights and liberties, both civil and sacred: then may [...]t be said, that the Lord hath cleansed their in­nocent blood, and then will it be manifestly evident, that their God is with them and dwelleth in the midst of them.

Now of this God hath given his people the strongest assurances, in the prophecy before us: and these [Page 16] assurances are conformed by the word of God, to his people, throughout the sacred scriptures. So that, though for their sins and the multitude of their transgressions, a righteous God may justly afflict and correct his people, by the hand of oppressors, and permit their most important rights to be violated, their substance destroyed, their habitations to be laid waste, or even the innocent blood of their brethren to be wantonly shed in their land; yet still he is their God, in the midst of them, and will readily appear for their help, when they return from their evil ways, acknowledge his hand and implore his mercy and assistance. This holy disciple is no more than what God hath given his people to expect, as a reproof of their declensions, and as a means of bringing them to a sense of their dependence upon him. Such dis­pensations, are so far from being an evidence, that God hath forsaken his people, given them up, or for­gotten to be gracious, that they are rather to be con­sidered as demonstrations of his paternal care and faithfulness towards them. Agreeably, in his coven­ant with his servant David and his house, this method of conduct is expressly stipulated, as a token of his special care and faithfulness, and of the remembrance of the covenant he had made. "If his children for­sake my law, and walk not in my judgments:—Then will I visit their transgression with the rod and their iniquity with stripes. Nevertheless, my loving kind­ness will I not utterly take from him, nor suffer my faithfulness to fail. My covenant will I not break, nor alter the thing that is gone out of my lips." ^*

In such visitations, God evidently intends the best go [...]d of his people; not their destruction, but their reformation: and if they see his hand, humble them­selves under it and seek him aright, God will not [Page 17] fail to remember his covenant and his promises for them, and in his due time appear, in his power and glory, for their relief.—Yea the bowels of his mercy will be moved at their distresses, and his language will be the same as unto his people of old, when un­der the Egyptian yoke, they were caused to serve with cruel bondage—'I have seen, I have seen the affliction of my people which is in Egypt, and have heard their groaning, and am come down to deliver them." ^* And to encourage his saints and people, to trust on his name and hope in his mercy, a gracious God hath most explicitly promised them his presence, direction and assistance, in all their distresses, be they ever so numerous, ever so great. His language is merciful, condescending and endearing—especially when by the prophet Isaiah, he says to his afflicted people—"When thou passest through the waters. I will be with thee; and through the rivers, they shall not overflow thee: When thou walkest through the fire, thou shalt not be burnt; neither shall the flame kindle upon thee. For I am the Lord thy God, the holy One of Israel, thy Saviour." ^† From these passages of sacred writ, it appears, that as God in in­finite wisdom, sees fit to exercise his people with trials and afflictions; and sometimes to call them to pass through the depths of adversity: so he hath provided for their support, and given them the greatest reason to hope for his presence and assistance, and the strong­est assurances, that they shall be carried through all, and in the end rejoice in God, as the holy One of Israel, their SAVIOUR—In short, nothing can be more expressive of God's care of his people in distress, and of the solid ground they have to hope for re­demption and salvation, in his way and time, which are always the best.

[Page 18] We may add, that further to confirm our faith and encourage our hope, in those blessed assurances of God's presence with his people, even in their heaviest trials and greatest perplexities, we might safely ap­peal to the experience of his chosen, in every age, from the beginning to the present time. This will show how easy it is, with an infinitely wise God, to bring good out of evil, and by the over-ruling hand of Providence, to cause the councils and measures of persecutors and oppressors, to hasten the redemption and establishment of the injured and oppressed, as well as to bring upon themselves, that confusion and deso­lation they so justly deserve.—And this will also prove, how truly applicable the words of the prophet are, to God's chosen people in their distresses, in every age, when speaking of the large experience Israel had had, of the tender love and faithful care of a merciful God exercised towards them, he says, that, "In all their affliction he was afflicted, and the angel of his presence saved them: In his love and in his pity he redeemed them, and he bare them, and carried them all the days of old. ^*"

Nothing is more evident from history and experi­ence, than God's care of his people, and the wisdom of his providence, in causing the violence and oppres­sion of their enemies, to operate for their advantage, and promote their more speedy deliverance. This appears too plain, from various instances, to admit of dispute.

The children of Israel would not have been, so early, persuaded to have left the gardens of Egypt or the fertile fields of the land of Goshen, and in the face of every danger, attempted to free themselves from the Egyptian yoke, had not their burdens been increased to an unreasonable degree, by the violence [Page 19] and cruelty of those that oppressed them, in that house of bondage. And Pharoah and his armies would never have met with that disgraceful defeat, and awful destruction, which overtook them in the red sea, had they not been infatuated to pursue their measures of oppression and violence, when after it was evident that their cause was desperate, and that God was against them.

Christendom would never have been roused, from that state of ignorance, and darkness, and slavery it was in—the protestant league would never been en­tered into with such firmness and resol [...]tion, to shake off the papal yoke, and redeem both church and state from the hierarchy of Rome, had not the enormities and violence of that power, by which they had been so long oppressed, rose to an intolerable heighth, and put them upon the expedient. ^*

The united states of Holland would not have been very easily induced, to have opposed the power of Spain, when at the meridian of its strength and glory, [Page 20] much less to have attempted independence of that kingdom, had they not been effectually convinced, by a long series of injuries and oppression, and number­less violations of their most sacred rights, that there was no other remedy. ^*

Britons would never have resisted their kings, and flown to arms, in defenee of their invaluable rights and liberties, had they not felt the weight of the iron [Page 21] rod of oppression and tyranny, and seen their danger and the absolute necessity of such resistance, to pre­vent the total deprivation, of all they held dear and sacred, as Freemen, Christians and a free People.— Charles would not have lost his kingdom, and finally his life upon the Scaffold, by the hand of the executioner; nor James been obliged, in disgrace, to quit his throne and abdicate the government of the kingdom, had it not been for their own violent coun­sels and measures, to oppress and enslave the people, whom they were called to govern and protect.

Our fathers would never have forsook their native land, delightsome habitations and fair possessions, and in the face of almost every danger and distress, sought a safe retreat, for the enjoyment of religious and civil liberty, among savage beasts and more savage men in the inhospitable wilds of America; had they not been drove from thence, by the violence and cruelty of persecutors and oppressors, in church and state. The hierarchy of the church, by which they looked upon the rights of conscience infringed, and the arbitrary measures of the state, by which they esteemed their civil liberties abridged, if not grossly violated, rather than any views of worldly gain (as hath been enviously hinted by some) were the prin­cipal causes of their emigration, and the hope and ex­pectation of deliverance therefrom, gave the spring to the hazzardous undertaking.

And when heaven so far smiled upon their enter­prize, as to give them footing in the land; and when, after numerous hardships and dangers, toils and dis­tresses, they had secured a possession for themselves and posterity, and obtained a confirmation of those civil and religious liberties they had sought; still re­taining a filial affection towards their native country, they seemed to have nothing more at heart than that [Page 22] Americans might be happy, in the enjoyment of their just rights and liberties, as men and christians, under the protection of Britain; and that Britain might be flourishing and glorious, in receiving the profits of the labour, trade and industry of Americans: And that the connection of America with Britain, and her de­pendence, in this way, upon the Parent State, might have been preserved inviolate to the end of time.—And it may be added, that there is no just ground to suppose, that it would have ever entered the heart of Americans, to have desired a dissolution of so happy a connection with the Mother-Country, or to have sought independence of Britain, had they not been urged, and even forced upon such an expedient, by measures of oppression and violence, and the shedding of inno­cent blood.

But, alas!—Ill-judged counsels!—Ill-fated mea­sures of Britain, and the British administration, with respect to America, have broken in upon the pleasing scene, and fatally destroyed the happy pros­pects of both Britain and America!

At the close of the last war, we arrived at that happy period, to which our ancestors looked with earnest expectation as the utmost of their wishes, as the answer of their prayers, and the reward of all their toils and sufferings. The savages were subdu­ed, those restless neighbours, the Frenc [...] were sub­jected, and this wide extended continent seemed to be given us for a possession: And we were ready to say, 'there was none to make us afraid.'—But how un­certain the most blooming prospects?—How vain—how disappointing the most rational, as well as raised expectations, in this imperfect state?—Scarcely em­erged from the dangers and fatigues of a long and distressing war, we are unexpectedly involved in per­plexities [Page 23] and anxieties of different kind, which by degrees have increased, 'till they are become more serious, dangerous and distressing, than any ever yet felt, by God's people, in this once happy land.

Through the crafty insinuations, false representa­tions and diabolical counsels, of the enemies of God's people and the common rights of mankind, in Ame­rica and Britain, acts of oppression are made by the Parliament of England, in which we are not represented, which deeply affect our most valuable priviledges. In open violation of our chartered rights, these acts of unrighteousness and oppression, are attempted to be carried into execution, in these colo­nies. After various threats of coercive measures, a military force is sent to inforce them. An innocent, loyal people are distressed, and every art, which wit or malice could invent, is used to flatter or fright, to divide or dishearten, and finally subject us to the will [...]f a power, not known in our charters, or even in the British constitution itself. And as one of the natural consequences of standing armies being stationed in populous cities, for such execrable purposes, many of the inhabitants of Boston are insulted. At length, under pretence of ill-treatment, the streets of that once flourishing city, are stained with the innocent blood of a number of our brethren, wantonly or cruelly slain, by those sons of oppression and violence! ^*

Upon the high resentments of the people, in con­sequence of this horrid outrage and violence, there was, for a short time, a pause in their measures.— [Page 24] For a moment the oppressors themselves seemed to be struck with the horrid effects of their own iniqui­tous proceedings, and stand aghast at the sight of the innocent blood they had shed! Perhaps they were not, at that time, so thoroughly hardened in sin, as they have proved themselves since!—But this pause seem­ed to be, not to repent of their evil deeds, but rather to collect themselves, and devise some measures more effectual: For so far from giving over the execrable design, the plan of oppression is renewed. New acts are passed to distress and inslave us. The lust of domination appears no longer in disguise, but with open face.—The starving Port-Bill comes forth— Gage arrives with his forces by sea and land, to carry it into execution, with vigour and severity.—And to compleat the scene, and at once, to make thorough work of oppression and tyranny, immediately follow the Bills, that subvert the constitution, vacate our charter, abridge us of the right of trial by juries of the vicinity, in divers specified capital cases, and ex­pose us to be seized, contrary to the laws of the land, and carried to England to be tried for our lives!—As also the Bill for establishing the popish religion in Canada, contrary to the faith of the crown and the statutes of the kingdom.

Add to these things, the people are treated, in various instances, with indignity, severity and even cruelty And, notwithstanding every possible expres­sion of a peaceful disposition, in this people, consist­ent with a determined resolution and christian firm­ness, in defence of their rights and liberties, which they held dearer than life, their property is frequently and violently seized, and even their persons and lives are threatened. The inhabitants of Salem are threatened with the sword, ^* for peacefully meeting [Page 25] to consult upon matters of importance to themselves and the public, as they had an undoubted right to do, by the standing laws of the colony. A number of the most respectable inhabitants of that town, were arrested and threatened with imprisonment, by Ge­neral Gage's order, for calling the inhabitants toge­ther, at the meeting aforesaid. The province stores of powder, which were deposited at Med­ford, were also clandestinely seized, by a large detach­ment of the troops, and conveyed with all possible dispatch, to Boston; as were, at the same time, also, some field-pieces at Cambridge ^† Intrenchments are throwing up, by Gage's army, and the town of Boston becomes a garrison, and the inhabitants be­come prisoners, at the pleasure of the troops And notwithstanding Gage's repeated professions, of hav­ing [Page 26] no design against the lives, or liberties, of the people, every thing hath the appearance of hostile intentions, and of the near approach of blood shed and war. ^*

Many inhabitants both of the town and country, are daily abused and insulted, by the troops. The devotion of God's people, in their worshipping assem­blies, is frequently interrupted, and marks of the ut­most contempt are cast upon religion itself. Bodies of troops from time to time march into the country, with a view (as was supposed) to alarm, terrify, or awe the inhabitants to a submission. On the Sabbath, a day held sacred to God and religion, by christians, while God's people were in his house, engaged in de­votion and the instituted service of religion, a de­tachment of these instruments of tyranny and op­pression, clandestinely landed at Marblehead, and making a quick march to Salem, attempt to seize upon some cannon and other military stores deposited there to be ready for use, if wanted upon any impor­tant emergency:—But, happily, they are disappoint­ed in their designs, by the spirit and resolution of the inhabitants, who speedily collected upon that alarm­ing occasion ^†

[Page 27] At length on the night of the eighteenth of April, 1775, the alarm is given of the hostile designs of the troops. The militia of this town are called together, to consult and prepare for whatever might be necessary, or in their power, for their own, and the common safety; though without the least design of commencing hostilties, upon these avowed enemies and oppressors of their country. In the mean time, under cover of the darkness, a brigade of these instruments of violence and tyranny, make their approach, and with a quick and silent march, on the morning of the nineteenth, they enter this town. And this is the place where the fatal scene begins!—They approach with the morning's light; and more like murderers and cut-throats, than the troops of a christian king, without provocation, with­out warning, when no war was proclaimed, they draw the sword of violence, upon the inhabitants of this town, and with a cruelty and barbarity, which would have made the most hardned savage blush, they shed INNOCENT BLOOD!—But, O my GOD!—! How shall I speak!—or how describe the distress, the horror of that awful morn, that gloomy day!—Yonder ^☞ field can witness the innocent blood of our brethren slain!—And from thence does their blood cry unto God for vengeance from the ground!—There the tender father bled, and there the beloved son!—There the hoary head, and there the bloom­ing [Page 28] youth!—And there the man in his full strength, with the man of years!— They bleed—they die, not by the sword of an open enemy (with whom war is proclaimed) in the field of battle; but by the hand of those that delight in spoil, and lurk privily that they may shed innocent blood!—But they bleed, they die, not in their own cause only; but in the cause of this whole people—in the cause of God, their country and posterity.—A [...]d they have not bled, they shall not bleed in vain.—Surely there is one that avengeth, and that will plead the cause of the injured and op­pressed; and in his own way and time, will both cleanse and avenge their innocent blood.—And the names of Munroe, Parker, and others, that fell victims to the rage of blood-thirsty oppressors, on that gloomy morn­ing, shall be had in grateful remembrance, by the people of this land, and transmitted to posterity, with honour and respect, throughout all generations. ^*

—But who shall comfort the distressed relatives,—the mourning widows, the fatherless children, the weeping parents, or the afflicted friends?—May the consolations of that God, who hath hitherto support­ed them, be still their support!—Upon him may they still depend, and from him and his grace may they still derive all needed supplies, in things spiritual and temporal; and yet more and more experience the faithfulness and truth, the mercy and goodness, of the God of all comfort.

[Page 29] May those that were wounded, and have since ex­perienced the tender mercy of that God, "who woundeth, and healeth, and bindeth up," be deeply impressed with a sense of his distinguishing goodness, that their lives were spared, while others were taken; and be persuaded, more entirely than ever, to devote them to God, his service and glory

May all in this place, still carefully remember, notice and improve this awful dispensation.—Particu­larly, it concerns, not only those whose substance hath been plundered, and whose habitations have been burnt, by these lawless invaders; but also all in ge­neral, diligently and seriously to enquire, wherefore it is, that a righteous God is contending with us, by the fire and sword of the oppressor:—And where­fore it is that this awful scene, of blood-shed and war, was opened in this place. May we still humble our­selves before God, under a sense of the terrible things, which in righteousness he hath done in the midst of us. May we also be deeply impressed, with a most grate­ful sense of the goodness of God, in that so much mercy was remembred in judgment; that so few were found among the wounded and slain, and so few habitations were consumed by the fire of the enemy, when so many were spared, that were equally expos­ed. And may this day be remembred, to the glory of God, and our own instruction and improvement, so long as we live.

But it is not by us alone, that this day is to be no­ticed.—This ever memorable day is full of importance to all around—to this whole land and nation; and big with the fate of Great-Britain and America.—From this remarkable day will an important aera be­gin for both America and Britain. And from the nineteenth of April, 1775, we may venture to pre­dict, will be dated, in future history, THE LIBER­TY [Page 30] or SLAVERY of the AMERICAN WORLD, according as a sovereign God shall see fit to smile, or frown upon the interesting cause, in which we are engaged.

How far the prophecy before us, may be applica­ble, upon this solemn occasion, and with what de­gree of truth, or probability, it may be predicted, in consequence of the present unjust and unnatural war, "that Great-Britain shall be a desolation, and England be a desolate wilderness, for the vio­lence against the children of America, because they have shed INNOCENT BLOOD in their land: But America shall dwell forever, and this people from generation to generation. And the LORD himself will cleanse their blood, that he hath not al­ready cleansed."—How far (I say) this prophecy may be applicable, in the present interesting contest, and how far it may be accomplished in the issue there­of, God only knows, and time only can discover—But of this we are certain, if we "humble ourselves under the mighty hand of God upon us, we shall be exalted, in his due time;" and if we rightly improve his dealings, "accept the punishment of our sins" and righteously trust in his name, we shall see his salvation.

From what hath already happened in the rise and progress and even unto the present state of this most intere [...]ing conflict, we have the greatest reason to hope for an happy issue, in the end. Though with fire and sword, our enemies and oppressors have en­deavoured to lay w [...]ste and destroy, and though they have begun and ca [...]ed on the war, so far as their power could enable them, with more than savage cruelty and barbarity; yet, through the puculiar fa­vour of heaven, they have not been able to carry their designs to effect; yea, in most of their enterprizes, [Page 31] they have been greatly disappointed.—Not to say defeated and disgraced.—Instead of awing the people into submission, by those measures of violence and cruelty, with which they commenced hostilities against us, as they undoubtedly expected, their spirits have been roused and awakened thereby, beyond what any other means could have ever affected: and with a union and firmness, exceeding the most sanguine ex­pectations, they have armed to defend themselves and their country, and to revenge the injuries received and the innocent blood of their brethren slain. And a merciful God, in various instances, hath crowned our arms with success and victory. Not only the acquisitions at the westward, and the progress of our army in Canada, but the preservation and defence of this colony; and above all, the unexpected evacuation of the town of Boston, which, at such immense cost, they had fortified, and had so long in their possession—and their destroying the works of their own hands, which with so much labour and expence, they had erected; bespeak the special favour of heaven, to this injured and oppressed people; and appear to be happy omens of those further successes, which are necessary to compleat our deliverance, and render this land a quiet habitation.

May that God, who is a God of righteousness and salvation, still appear for us, go forth with our armies, tread down our enemies, and cleanse and avenge our innocent blood. And may we be prepared, by a general repentance and thorough reformation, for his gracious and powerful interposition in our behalf; and then may we see the displays of his power and glory for our salvation Which God of his infinite mercy grant, for his mercy's sake in Christ Jes [...] ▪

AMEN.