For drawing up a Battalion, and placing the Of­ficers for parade to Receive the King or any Prince of the Blood, or General.

WHen a Regiment is to draw up, the foregoing method of placing the Co [...]panies is to be observed, and the Ranks are to have twelve large feet distance and the Files three. The Musketiers are to slope and carry their Arms well. The Pikemen to or­der their Pikes close to their bodies, holding them near their heads and to the Latchet of their Shoes and not to their Toes. The Sar­geants are to be posted, (as is said before) two or one on the right and left of every Rank, and at the same distance the Soldiers are at in the File, and the rest on the Rere, three paces distance from the last Rank of Soldiers, their Halberts all Ordered, and their Hats off, the Drums on the right and Left [Page 71] ranging even with the Front. Rank of the Soldiers, and at the same distance one from another as the Soldiers, the Ho-boys on the Right of the Drums, and the Drums on the Right in the same Rank.

For placing the Officers.

The Lieutenants are to be divided equally, half at the Head of the right Wing of Shot, and the other at the Left. The Ensigns are to be at the Head of the Pikes upon the same Line with the Lieutenants, and each of them two paces distant from the Body. The Captains likewise are to be divided equally, and placed on each Wing two paces before the Lieutenants. None are to stand before the Ensigns, but he only who Commands in Chief, who is to be two paces before the Captains, (that is,) six paces from the pikes, unless when a Regiment makes but one Bat­talion and the Colonel and Lieutenant- Colo­nel are both present, then the Lieutenant-Co­lonel is to be posted on the left hand of the Colonel. The Major (who always is to be on Horseback) in a direct Line before the Sargeants on the right Angle a little advau­ced before the Line of the Captains. And the [Page 72] Aid-major on the Left Angle in like manner on Horseback.

To receive the King or Queen, the Pikes are to be Advanced, and the Muskets Shoul­dered, but to all others the Pikes are to be Ordered.

If there be a Company of Granadiers, it is to be drawn up on the Right of the Battalion three deep about two or three paces distance between the Drums of the Battalion, and that of the Granadiers.

Of Saluting.

When the King approaches, the Drums are to Beat the March, and the Officers to Salute one after another as the King passes by, keep­ing the Spear of their Pikes directly forwards to the proper Front and not cross.

As soon as ever they have Saluted, They are to pull off their Hats without making a Leg, but standing upright, keeping their Hats off till the King or the Person they Salute be passed by them.

The Ensigns are to Salute with their Co­lours all together at one Motion, bringing them down near the ground directly before [Page 73] them, then taking them up all together at one Motion, they pull off their Hats in the same form the Captains and Lieutenants did, keeping their Hats off without bowing till the Person whom they, Salute be past.

The Sargeants (as is said before) are to stand with their Halberts Ordered, and their Hats off, and to face the same way the Bat­talion does as also the Drums, and the Com­mission-Officers likewise. For if the King, (or whatsoever Person is Received) goes round the Battalion, the Battalion is to face towards him, every one being to keep his Post, only (as is said before) facing as he goes round

This manner of Saluting the King or the General is meant for a private Review of a Battalion, for if it be in the field, and the Army drawn up, every Battalion is to Salute with Pikes and Muskets Charged, which is to be performed in this manner, the King or General approaching, the Musketiers are to be Shouldered, and the Pikes Advanced, then the Colonel or Commander in Chief gives the Word.

Recover your arms.

Which is (as is said before) to bring the Pikes and Muskets directly before them, The Butt-ends of the Pike always in the palm of the Hand, and the Right Heel to the Left Instep. And assoon as ever the Drums strike [...] the March, both Pikes and Musketiers are to Charge at one Motion quick, and to keep their Arms so charged, till the King or Gene­ral be past, and then the word of Command is,

Recover your arms.

 

Poise your Muskets.

 

Shoulder your Muskets.

 

At which time (as is said before) The Pikemen bring their Pikes to the advance.

Of Marching and Posting the Officers, and of Saluting in Marching.

If the Battalion be to March, the first thing is to make the Files close, either to the Right or Left to their Marching Order, which is a Foot and an half, or so near to one another, that every Souldier may have the free use of his Arms, and not to croud one another, which is a dangerous consequence: The best way to avoid which, is for every Man to [Page 75] keep half a Foot from his Right-hand-Man.

Single Companies may March Shoulder to Shoulder, but in greater Bodies there must be more allowance.

The first word of Command is (the Pikes being Advanced, and the Muskets Shoulder­ed)

Files Close to the Right (or to the Left). To your Close Order. March

At which Word every Man turns to the Hand named, and accordingly Closes to the [...]istances and Hand named, Observing (as said before) the Front: That is, either their Right or Left-hand-Men.

As soon as they are Closed to the Order you could have them, the Word of Command is,

To your Leader.

The Sargeants at the same time are to be careful in keeping the Ranks at their Twelve [...]rge Feet distance.

As soon as the Battalion is thus disposed, if March in a Body, all the Lieutenants are to [Page 76] be in the Rere at the same Distance from the Souldiers as they were at in the Front: And the Sargeants which were in the Rere, are to assist on the Flanks, to see that the Ranks March exactly even, and at their distance.

When the word is given to march, both Front and Rere step all at a time with their left Feet, setting them down all together, so that they may be heard. They are then to march very slowly, and the Pikes to march even with the Wings of Shot. And great care is to be taken that the men do not press one upon another, but march directly for­ward without inclinig to either hand.

As soon as the Body is marched as far as is intended, they are to be commanded to Halt.

To the Right about.

And the Drums beating a Retreat, the Lieutenants lead them in the same Order and Method as before, back to their Ground, which being come to, the Command is, Halt.

To the Left about. (Or,) as you were (That is, to the Left about

[Page 77] Lieutenants take your Posts in the Front of the Battalion.

March.

At which Word the Lieutenants return from the Rear into the Front; and the Sarge­ants that were before in the Rear, return thi­ther again from the Flanks.

Of Marching in Three Divisions.

If the Battalion be to March in three Divisi­ons, the Captains are to be divided, one half at the Head of the first Division of Shot, and the other half in the Rear of the last Division; one half of the Lieutenants in the Rear of the first Division of Shot, and the other half at tho Head of the last Division of Shot.

The Colours are to March at the Head of the Pikes which are to be Advanced, the Colonel or Lieutenant-Colonel, or (in their absence) the Of­ficer in Chief, is to March two paces before the Rank of Captains at the head of the first Division of Shot; the Captains and all other Officers keeping the same distance from the Soldiers as they were Posted at, at the Head of the Battalion when Drawn up; and taking great care that they keep [Page 78] that distance exactly, and no more, viz. The Cap­tains four paces from the Soldiers, and the Lieu­tenants and Ensigns two, or at least at proper di­stance to Salute.

The Officers that are to March in the Rear of the Division are to fall after them as they March off, and not before. And the Sargeants that were Posted in the Rear, are to take care of the Pikes in their Marching.

The Drums are to be divided equally to the Divisions, and to march between the Se­cond and third Rank.

The Granadiers are to march about twen­ty yards before the Battalion.

The Equipage of the Colonels and Officers of the Front is to march a little on the Left Hand between the Granadiers and the Batta­lion. The Ho-boys are to march at the mid­dle Distance between the Commander in chief and the Granadiers.

Whenever a Division is commanded to march, they are to step together at once, both Front and Rere with their left feet, and to march slowly.

In Marching, both Colonel, Lieutenant. Colonel, and all Officers are to march with their Pikes under-hand comported, taking care [Page 79] not to droop the Spear too much, nor swing their hands in marching, but to keep them steddy.

As soon as they come near the King or Per­son whom they are to Salute, they are to shoulder their Pikes, and to take care to do it together, that is, every Rank of Officers as they approach the King to shoulder their Pikes together, and to carry them level upon their shoulders, and when they come to salute, to be very exact in doing it together that it may seeem as if but one man saluted.

The first Rank of Captains are not to begin [...]o Salute till the Colonel or Commander in Chief has done Saluting. And the Officers must take can above all things, that they neither stand still when they Salute nor mend their pace, so as to get too far from the men, and to take care in the Salute, not to do the Motions too quick.

The Ensigns are to take care to b [...]ing their Colours down all together before them without waving them to either Hand, and to take them up all together without standing still or mending their pace.

As soon as the Officers have Saluted, they must pull off their Hats, and keep them off till they are past by the person they salute without bowing, [Page 80] And when-they are past at a convenient distance, they are to bring their pikes again under-hand.

The Sargeants are to march with their Halberts Shouldered, the Butt-end upwards, and are al­ways to march with their Hats off, when they pass by the person that comes to view the Battali­lion, whether the Officers Salute or no.

None is to Salute the same person but once standing, and once marching.

The Major and Aid-Major have no fixed Post for Marching, but are always to attend the Colo­nel or Officer in chief to receive his Order.

No Sargeant or Corporal is at any time to Carry or hold the Colours in the absence of the Ensign, but onely a P ikeman.

If a Battalion be Attaqued in Marching They are immediately to Draw up, Facing either the same way they March, or by Wheeling either to the Right or Left as the Ground allows, or as they are Attaqued. For the readier performance of which, it is most necessary to practise a Battalion to it is in Exercising.

If a Battalion be Attaqued Marching in three Divisions (or more) and thereby the Divisions obliged to Wheel to the Right. The first Wing of Musketiers is to Draw up on the Right of the Granadiers, and the Pikes on the Right of the [Page 81] Right Wing of Musketiers, and the Left Wing of Musketiers on the right hand of the Pikes, which takes up much less time than Marching round the Rere.

As soon as ever there is occasion to Prepare for being Attaqued on a suddain, or that the Com­mander in Chief is disposed to draw up a Batta­lion in that method, he commands the Rere half­Files of Musketiers to double their Front to the Left in Marching. And assoon as ever the Offi­cer in Chief gives Command to the Musketiers to Make Ready (which is to be Cockt and guarded) or in Exercise to make the Motion of it by Reco­vering their Muskets before them, the Pikemen at the same word of Command are to Port their Pikes, and the Drums to Beat the Preparative, which gives Notice to the Rere, that they are to Draw up. The Ensigns at the same time are to give their Colours to the Right-hand-men of the respective Companies, who are to Retire with them immediately to the Center of the Pikes, and the Ensigns to take the Pikes which the said Soldiers carried, and are to march at the Head of the Pikes.

The Drums that marched between the Ranks of the Musketiers (as also those of the Granadiers) are to joyn themselves to those [Page 82] Drums that march with the Pikes, And the He boys to joyn with the Colours.

As soon a [...] ever the Drums beat the Prepara­tive, every Division (except the first) is to march up with all the speed they can, keeping their Order, the first Division marching no faster than it did before. The Ranks i [...] march­ing, are to close forward to six foot, which the Sargeants are to be very careful to see kept very even and in good Order.

The Granadiers are to be divided into three equal parts, one third with the Captain at the Head of the Pikes, some eight paces from the first Rank, and the two other parts on the Right and Left of the Battalion. Those at the Head of the Pikes are to be Commanded to Present and Fire when the first Rank of Musketiers are commanded to Bu [...]l, and as­soon as ever they have Fired, they are to make ready their Granado's, and after the two last Ranks of Musketiers (who fire before the Front Rank) have Fired, then they are to deliver their Granado's and to put their Dag­gers into their Fire-locks.

Those Granadiers on the right and left of the Battalion, are to Fire as the Musketiers Fire, that is, the two last Ranks to Fire with [Page 83] the Musketiers, and assoon as Fired, are to [...]ut their Daggers into their Fire-locks. The Front rank of Granadiers having their Gra­nado's ready, are to kneel when the first Rank of Musketiers kneel, and after the two last Ranks have Fired, they are to stand up, and when the first rank of Musketiers Fire, they are to deliver their Granado's, and immedi­ately to fix their Daggers in their Fire-locks. And when the Musketiers Club their Mus­kets and Fall on, they are to Charge with their Daggers as aforesaid.

When the Battalion has Marched (so near that the Granadiers may throw their Grana­do's so as to fall among the Enemy) with the Officers, both Captains, Lieutenants and [...]nsigns in one rank at the Head of the Bat­talion two good paces from the first rank of soldiers with their Pikes in the same posture with the Pikemen, which they are to observe, the Commander in Chief gives the Com­mand to alt, at which word of command the Drums are to cease from beating, and all the Officers in the Front stand at the Head of the Battalion in one rank, as is said before, [...]o paces from it with their Pikes ported. Four of the Sargeants that Marched with [Page 84] the Pikes before they drew up, are to draw up with them, two with the first rank, and two with the last, on the right and left of each rank, the rest of the Sargeants are to be on the flanks, and to assist the Officers in the Rere, who are to be the same Officers that marched in the Rere of the Divisions before they were drawn up, and to continue in the Rere of the Battalion, and to take care of it. Only the eldest Captain that was there, is to come up immediately to the front, at the Head of the left Wing of Shot. And the Sargeants are immediately (upon the Batta­lions drawing up) to be very exact in ma­king the ranks even at six foot distance, The Files are to be kept at the same distance (a is said before) so that every Soldier may have free liberty to use his Arms; the best rule for which is, That every Soldier keep half a foot from his right-hand-man.

As soon as the Commander in chief has commanded them to Alt, The command is

First Rank of Musketiers Kneel.

Which they are to do by falling back with their right Leggs, and not stepping forward with their Left, and keeping their Muskets so [Page 85] low, that the two other Ranks may Fire easily over them.

At the same time that the Command is gi­ven for the first Rank to kneel, the whole Rank of Officers at the Head of the Battalion, retire at one time into the Intervals, just behind them of the first Rank of Soldiers, but are to take care that the Souldiers perform their Duties. The Officers (as is said before) are to have their Pikes in the posture conformable to the Pikemen. And those of the Musketiers are to kneel as they do.

When the first Rank is commanded to kneel the two other Ranks of Musketiers are to close forwards, as also the five Ranks of Pikes as close as they can with conveniency to use their Arms, without any other Word of Command.

Two last Ranks Present.

Which they are alwayes to do Breast high and the first of the two is alwayes to sloop without any Word of Command. And the Pikes at the same word of Command are to Charge their Pikes, and to continue so Char­ged.

[Page 86] Fire.

 

Recover your arms.

At which Word of Command, the Front Rank stands up without any other word of Command, having their Muskets Recovered streight upright before them, ready Cock and Guarded.

The Front Rank Present.

 

Fire.

 

Recover your arms.

 

Club your Muskets.

 

Fall on.

Which they do with an Huzza, and the Pikes are to continue Charged, and the Drums to bear the Preparative again.

[...]alt.

At which time the Drums are to cease Beating.

[Page 87] Reduction. Poise your Muskets.

At which word of Command the Pikemen Recover-their Pikes before them from their Charge, and the Granadiers take the Posts they had before they were divided.

Shoulder your Muskets.

At which word of Command the Pikemen bring their Pikes to their Thighs to the ad­vance. And the whole Rank of Officers Ad­vance together two paces before the Head of the Battalion.

Ranks open backward to twelve foot Distance.

March.

Rear half files of Musketiers that Doub­led, To the Right about, as you were.

[Page 88] March.

Officers, Colours, and Drums, and Ho-Boys to your proper Posts. March.

If you would Fire a Battalion in Exercise more than once before you fall on, instead of Clubbing your Muskets after the first Firing, the Musketiers are to make ready as they March, and the Pikes port, and so proceed as before mentioned.

Memorandum, Every Right-hand-man of the Pikes of each Company is alwayes to March with the Ensigns Pike.

The Drums are to beat the Preparative whenever the first Division draws up, whether it be of a Battalion or single Company, which is the best way to give Notice to the Rere that they are to Draw up: The pikes at the Drums beating the Preparative (if they are Shouldered) are then to Advance, unless the Musketiers be commanded to Recover their Arms, and in such case the pikes are to port, but never otherways in Drawing up, but to be kept Advanced. Nor are the Ranks to close forward, or to mend their pace in Marching, [Page 89] but to Draw up as at other times, unless the Musketiers are commanded to Recover their Arms (or to make ready) which is the same posture, and then they are alwayes to March as is before mentioned.

Of Marching by Sub-Divisions.

If a Battalion be to March on the Long March by Sub-Divisions, the Files are first to be counted, and according to the largeness or narrowness of the way they are to March, they must be divided accordingly, Posting one half of the Captains at the head of the first Sub­Division of Shot, and the other half in the Rere of the last. The Lieutenants are to be divided to every Sub-Division of Shot, that they may take care of them. The Colours are to be divided also to March at the Head of every Sub-Division of Pikes. The Sargeants are alwayes to March on the Flanks, and are never to Lead or bring up a Division (unless Commanded.) The Sargeants that are posted in the Rere of the Battalion, when drawn up, are alwayes to take care of the Pikes when Marching.

When they March by Sub-Divisions, they [Page 90] are to March Shoulder to Shoulder in Files, but not so as to croud one another. And tho there may happen to be more men in one Rank than another, yet no Gaps are to be left in the Ranks, but they are to March (as is said before) Shoulder to Shoulder.

The Captains and Officers are alwayes to March with their Pikes under-hand, except only when they pass by a General Officer, or come before a Guard to Relieve it, or off the Parade, and then they are to be Shouldered.

Of Defiles.

To pass a narrow Defile, the readiest way to perform it, and to Draw up again in order assoon as past, is to make the Ranks File; if to the Right, the Right-hand-man is to File first, and the rest of his Rank is to follow him; then they are to Rank again as they were, which is better than Files Filing, because it immediately makes a Front to the Enemy.

If the Ranks be great, let them File two a Breast, beginning with the two outwardmost File-leaders.

For larger Defiles, the Commander may draw off as he judges the way will easily [...] ­ceive.

Of Wheeling.

When a Battalion is to Wheel to alter the Front, either to one hand or to the other, or to bring the Front where the Rere was [...] [...]. The Command is, to Wheel either to the Right or the Left first. If to the Right, you say,

Wheel to the Right.

March.

At which Word of Command every man in the Battalion moves, and Wheels from the Left to the Right, only the man on the right Angle turns very slowly, being as it were the Hinge on which the rest move. In this way of Wheeling they must observe both their Right and Left-hand-men. And the first Rank is to take such a compass of Ground, as nei­ther to press one another out, nor yet to make a Gap or Interval in the Ranks; The best way to avoid both which is, for every man to be sure to observe what distance he is at in File when he is commanded to Wheel; and if he Wheels to the Right; to be sure to keep that [Page 92] very same distance from his Right-hand-man; And the Ranks are to observe their Leaders well, and to close quick to the Left in the Rere The same method must be observed to the Right if the Battalion be Commanded to Wheel to the Left.

Of Wheeling when a Battalion or a Body of Men March in Division.

When upon a March, the word of command is given to Wheel, if it be [...] to the right, the right-hand-man keeps his ground, and onely turns upon his Heel, at the same time the left hand-man moves about quick till he makes an even Line with his right-hand-man, and that the Officer bids him Stand.

The Second Rank must not begin to Wheel till they have taken the ground of the first; so every Rank successively is to March directly forward up to their Leaders Ground, before they begin to Wheel, upon which depends this way of Wheeling.

Before they come to Wheel, the Soldiers are to observe that hand in Marching to which they are to Wheel. For as the Right-hand-man is to be observed in Marching when they Wheel to the Right, so they must observe the left Hand in Marching, when they are to Wheel to the Left, [Page 93] but when they are Wheeling they must observe the contrary Hand.

Of Wheeling by single Ranks.

When an Officer is Marching a Body of Men, and there be occasion to Form them on a suddain into a single Rank, either to make a Guard, or to line an Hedge, the words of Command are these,

Ranks to the Right (or Left) Hand, Wheel.

March.

If they are to Wheel to the Right, the Right-hand-man of every Rank is to stand, and only turn to the Right on the Ground he stands on, and the rest are all to Wheel toge­ther into one rank at the word of command, March. The Colours are to Wheel in before the rank, and the Drums to take their Posts at the right and left of the rank, as also the Sargeants.

When they are so Wheeled, they may ei­ther be Closed to the right or to the left, that there may be no Gaps in the ranks.

[Page 94] Reduction.

Form your Ranks to the Left (or) as you were.

March.

For the performance whereof, the left-hand-man of every rank is to stand, and only turn to the Left. And at the word March, the rest are to Wheel into their places as they were.

Of Wheeling backward by half Ranks.

To Wheel backwards by half ranks upon a long March, the following Directions are to be observed.

The number of men ought to be even in every rank, and the right and the left-hand-man of every rank being ordered to stand, and only to turn to the right and left inwards, the following words of Command are to be observed.

[Page 95] By Half Ranks Wheel to the Right and Left backward.

March.

At which word of Command, the Half-ranks separate, and fall back to the right and left-hand-men, forming two ranks in opposi­tion to one another The Officers and Co­lours are to separate accordingly, and to take their Posts, ranging themselves before the Soldiers to make a Guard.

The Sargeants and Drums are to be on the right and left.

Reduction.

By half-Ranks to the Right and Left In­ward, form your Ranks as you were.

March.

The Directions are the same as before: For the right and Left-hand-man of every rank is to stand, and only turn to the right and left inward, and the rest at the Word March are to Wheel, and they will be in the same Marching Order that they were.

• [Page 96] Ranks close forwards to Order, Three foot.
• March.
• Ranks close forwards to close Order, A foot and half.
• March.
• Ranks open backward to Order, three foot.
• March.
• Ranks open backward to open Order, Six foot.
• March.
• Ranks Open backwards to double distance, twelve foot.
• March.

In this way of Opening backward, the ranks are to fall back without changing aspect observing their right-hand-man, and their Leader.

• [Page 97] Files close to the Right, March
• Files close to the Left, March
• Files close to the Center, March
• Files open to the Right, March
• Files open to the Left, March
• Files open from the Center, March

When Files open from the Center, they are to face from the Center, and if there be an odd File it is to stand, which is the Center File. Also when Files are to open to the Right or Left, they are not to stir, not so much as changing aspect, till the Word of Command, March be first given; and then they are imme­diately to Face to the hand named, and to take their distance commanded every one from his Leader.

When they open to the Right, they must alwayes observe their left-hand men. And when they open to the Left, their Right-hand men.

If they open to the Right, the Second File from the Right, first takes its distances by little Steps, and letting his Leader go as far from him as the distance he is Ordered, before he stir, the rest of the Files do the like successive­ly; and the left-hand File is not to move at [Page 98] all. In opening of Files they are to move extream slowly and directly forward.

• Ranks to the Right double.
• March.
• Ranks as you were.
• March.
• Ranks to the Left, Double.
• March.
• Ranks as you were.
• March.

The Ranks that double are to observe their Right-hand man to move at the same time with them.

They are to begin the Motions with the Foot next the hand named, and to come into this doubling, the even Ranks are to double into the odd; and if the odd Ranks are to double, Face the Body to the Rear, and the same word of Command will perform it, on else it may be done by this Word of Com­mand.

[Page 99] Odd Ranks that stood, To the Right about, Double the even Ranks.

To Reduce the Ranks.

The Ranks that double are first to face to the contrary hand, and they with the contrary foot come into their former Ground; but they are not to stir, not so much as to alter their aspect till the Word of Command, March be first given. And [...]tis a constant Rule upon all Doublings of Ranks or half Files, that though they are to turn to the contrary hand they Doubled on from the Ground they Doubled to; yet when they come to their own ground, they are alwayes to turn to the hand they doubled, which brings them directly after their Leaders.

The doubling of Files is performed in the same manner, and is the same thing with the Reduction of doubled Ranks.

Doubling of Front half-Files by the Rear half-Files, with the Reduction.

Rere Half-files to the Right hand, Double your Front, March.

[Page 100] Rear Half-files, as you were.

March.

Rear Half-files to the left-hand, Double your Front.

March.

Rere Half-files, as you were.

March.

If it be upon a March, the Rere Half-files are to move into the Front with a quicker mo­tion, The Front Half-files still continuing theirs. But all must observe the Right-hand men.

And for Reduction, Let the Rear Half files without facing about, stand till the Front Half-files have passed by, and then fall after their proper Leader; But if the Front Half-files are to be doubled by the Rere the Body standing still, the Rere Half-files are to March extream slow, observing well their Right-hand men, that every Rank may double at one time. And in the Reducement, as in the Doubling of single Ranks, no Man is to stir till the word [Page 101] of Command March be first given, And then they are all to turn together to the contrary hand they doubled on. And when they come upon their own ground they are alwayes to turn to the same hand they Doubled to.

Doubling of Rere-half-files by the Front Half-Files, with the Reduction.

Front Half-files to the Right about, Double your Rear Half-files.

March.

At which Word of Command, the Front half-files, or the three Front Ranks turn to the Right about, and passing on the right Hand of their followers, or the Rere half-files, they are to double into them; and assoon as doub­led, to face to the Left about to their Leader, without any word of Command.

Reduction.

Front Half-files, as you were.

March.

At which word, the Front Half-files are to, [Page 102] March slowly, observing to keep three foot from their Right-hand men, which makes them incline to the Left and brings them directly upon their former ground.

In Doubling to the Left about, the same thing is to be done, only observing the contrary hand.

Of Firing to the Front.

Soldiers are to be Exercised to Fire all man­ner of wayes, in keeping of Ground, gaining of ground, and losing of ground.

To make them Fire in keeping of Ground, 'tis necessary that the Body be as close in Rank and File as can be conveniently with the use of their Arms.

One way it thus, Musketiers make ready all

At which time the Musketiers are to be Cockt and Guarded, and their Arms streight before them, the Pikes ported. And when the Musketiers Present, the Pikes are to be Char­ged.

• [Page 103] The five first Ranks, Kneel,
• The Rear Rank Present,
• Fire.
• Fifth Rank stand up,
• Present, Fire.
• Fourth Rank stand up.
• Present. Fire.

And so of the rest. And as they have Fi­red, they are to Charge again and to be in a readiness against the first word of Command.

This way of Firing may be performed ei­ther by two Ranks, at a time, or three ranks, the first kneeling, and the second stooping, or the two first stooping.

'Tis necessary also to exercise them to Fire gain­ing ground, which is to be performed in this manner.

The Battalion Marching, the Commander in Chief Orders.

The first Rank of Musketiers, make ready alt.

At which time the whole Battalion Alting, He is to command the first rank of Musketiers to

[Page 104] Present, and Fire.

When they have Fired they are to Recover their Arms without any word of Command, and to File off very quick to the right and left into the Rere. When the first rank presents, the next rank is to make ready in course with­out any word of Command, and as the first rank Files off, the next makes good the front. and so the Battalion is to march again, and every Rank to Fire in this Method.

The Pikes are to Charge when every Rank Presents without a word of Command.

Of Firing to the Flanks.

If upon a March a Body of men be forced to Fire to both Flanks, the way of doing it is thus, The Ranks being at six foot distance, in­tervals of about six foot distance are to be left between the Divisions of Musketiers and the Pikes, which the Officers must have a great Care to keep open, by causing the Musketiers to encline to the right and left after every Firing to the Flanks, which is to be perfor­med in this manner.

The Right and Left hand files of Muske­tiers, make ready.

[Page 105] Which they are to do and keep along with the Body, and not to Face to the Flanks till they are bid Present.

As soon as they have Fired, they are to Face to the Rere, and so are by a Sargeant to be led athwart it very quick, and so up between their own Divisions, and the Pikes assoon as the outermost Files face to the flanks to Pre­sent, the next file of the right and left is to make ready without any word of Command, and to keep along with the Body [...]ll the out­termost files be clear of them, that is, till they are bid Present, which is the next word of Command, the Commander in Chief is to give after he bids the two first files make rea­dy. The files that fire are to fall back with their right feet, and not step forward with their Left.

In Exercise, this way of Firing is to be con­tinued till all the files have fired.

Of Firing to the Rere.

This way of firing is performed almost the same way as firing to the front Retreating.

[Page 106] The Rere Rank of Musketiers, make ready

At which time the Rere rank stands Cockt and Guarded.

Present.

Fire.

When they are bid Present, they are to turn upon their Left foot To the Right a­bout, and cast their right leg backwards, then Present and Fire. And immediately assoon as fired without any word of Command, they are to recover their Arms, and at a good round rate within three foot of the Body to the right and left outwards to March up in­to the front, and there place themselves.

As soon as the last rank is bid Present, the next rank of Musketiers is to make ready of course without any word of command, but not to face to the rere till they are bid Present.

As soon as the first rank is commanded to Present, the Pikes are to march till the rere rank of Pikes come even with the next rank of Musketiers, which is standing cockt and Guarded, so that there will be room left in the front for the rank of Musketiers that [Page 107] fire, to come up, and place themselves even with the first rank of Pikes, and so every rank successively is to do the same by the same method; the Officers and Sargeants are [...]o see the Soldiers move away quick without noise (which of all things is most to be a­voided) and that they place themselves right on the files.

The word make ready is made use of but once, after which (as is said before) when the rere rank is bid Present, the next rank is to make ready.

Of Firing the Street-way.

If a Street, or any way be to be defended against Horse, where they can Charge only in front, the best Method is this; if there be fewer Pikes than Musketiers, which most commonly happens, the Rere half-files of Pikes are to double the front by these words of Command.

Rere half-files of Pikes to the Right-hand double your front.

March.

[Page 108] Then Musketiers to the Right about.

March.

As soon as they are clear of the Pikes.

Musketiers, Face to the Right and Left In­wards. March.

By which they are to joyn in the Center o [...] the Pikes.

Then Face to your Leader.

The Officers must take care to see that th [...] Shot and the Pikes Wing alike, and that the Musketiers be at no greater distance from the Pikes than only to give room for the Colours, Drums and Ho-boys to be between.

The Captains are to be in the first rank of Pikes, and the Lieutenants with the Muske­tiers. As the Body is greater or lesser, a Sar­geant or more is to cause the two first ranks of Musketiers to Face to the Right or Left.

As soon as the Officer in Chief has given Command,

Port your Pikes.

The two first ranks of Musketiers, make ready.

March.

At which word the Sargeants are to bring up the two first Ranks either to the right or left, as is Ordered before-hand, who filing two and two up into the Front, march athwart it [...]der the Pikes, carrying the Muzzels of their Muskets so as they may neither knock against the Pikes, nor yet do their Leaders any Mis­chief.

Being placed under the Pikes, they are to [...]ce to the proper front without any word of Command, and to make two ranks.

That there may be always some fire reser­ [...]ed, 'tis best to Fire but one rank at a time, the second standing cockt and Guarded, both of them being as close to the Pikes as they [...]an with the conveniency to use their Arms.

First Rank of Musketiers kneel.

Which they are to do by falling back with their right foot, and not stepping forward [Page 110] with their left; and to be sure to keep their Arms streight upright before them, their left hands the height of their mouths,

First Rank Present. Fire.

As soon as they have Fired, they are to re­cover their Arms without any word of com­mand, and to File off to the contrary hand they came upon, as quick as 'tis possible, and are to be Led by a Sargeant close by the body into the Rere, and there placed in their right Files.

When the Musketiers are bid Present, the Pikes are to Port very low without a word of Command: And as soon as they have fired, the Pikes are to Raise their Pikes again to the height they were at, without a word of Command, which is to avoid being shat­tered with the Shot.

The Subaltern Officers must take care that the next Rank of Musketiers be always rea­dy just at the Angle to march under the Pikes in the room of the second Rank; which upon the firing of the first, is to take the place of it.

If the Street to be Defended be very broad, [Page 111] an interval must be made (besides the passa­ges on the flanks) wide enough for two men on a Breast: for otherwise the long intermis­sion between the Firings will give the Horse opportunity to Attack them.

Reduction.

Musketiers Face to the Right and Left out­wards. March.

As soon as they are clear of the Pikes.

Musketiers to your proper Front.

March.

Till even with the first Rank of Pikes.

Rere half Files of Pikes, to the Left about as you were.

March.

Which done, the Officers, Colours, Drums, and Ho-boys are to be commanded to their proper posts.

Of Firing by a running Fire for Shew.

A Battalion being drawn up for Parade, if they are to fire by a running fire, they are to take it either from the right or from the left, but commonly 'tis begun on the Right.

The manner is thus

After the Musketiers are commanded to make ready (which is Cockt and Guarded) they are to be Ordered to Present in the Air, giving Order to the Officer on the right to make the first man (after they are presented) begin to fire; because if the Word be given aloud, they will all take it, and fire a Vol­ley instead of a running Peal.

Every File-leader is to Fire as quick as 'tis possible after his right-hand-man, and every File is to take care to fire with their File­leader.

Words of Command for forming the Hollow Square.

The Battalion being drawn up, the Ranks a [...] Twelve Foot distance, and the Files at Three, the [Page 113] Muskets Shouldered, and the Pikes Advanced, the Command is.

Colours, Drums and Hoboys, to the Center of the Pikes. March.

Ranks close forward to Dwer. (Which is three large feet)

March.

The three outwardmost Files of Pikes on the Right and Left, double your Files to the Right and Left inwards. March.

Rere half-Files of Musketiers, to the Left hand double your Front. March.

Files, close all to the Right to your close Or­der. March.

To your Leader.

Pikes, Face square.

Pikes, close forward every way to close Or­der, March

Pikes to your proper Front.

Left Wing of Musketiers, to the Right a­bout.

[Page 114] Both Wings of Musketiers. alt March.

Musketiers, Face to the Left, alt. March.

Face to your proper Front, all.

Officers and Sargeants take your Posts. March.

Granadiers take your Posts in the angles, March, Face square.

Musketiers make ready. At which word of Com­mand the Pikes are to Port very low, and to continue so, & not to Charge when the Musketiers present.

First Rank kneel, Which they must do so low, and hold their Mus­kets so, that the two last Ranks may fire over them.

The two last Ranks Present. Fire.

Recover your arms. At which word of Command, the first Rank stands up with their Muskets Recovered stra [...] before them ready cockt and guarded, and the two Ranks that have Fired, Load again.

[Page 115] Front Rank Present, Fire.

Recover your arms At which word of Com­mand the Pikemen Reco­ver their Pikes from their Port.

To your Leader. March, alt, Face Square, et.

After which Method they may be made to March them, and Fire to every front, the Sol­diers alwayes observing that facing to their Leader, is to face that way wherever the Com­mander in chief is; but to face to the proper front, is only that way the front of the Batta­lion properly stood before this figure was formed.

Reduction of the Hollow Square.

They being all faced to the proper front, the Words of Command are as follow.

• Granadiers take your Posts on the Right of the Battalion. March.
• The Right and Left of each Wing of Mus­ketiers, Face to the right and left outwards. [Page 116] March. alt.
• The Three files of Pikes of the Right and Left that Doubled, as you were, March.
• Musketiers, face to the right. March. alt.
• To your Leader,
• Rear half-files of Musketiers that doubled, To the right about, as you were. March.
• Ranks open backward to twelve foot, March.
• Colours, Drums and Ho-boys, to your former Posts March.
• Files close to the Right to close Order. March.
• To your Leader.

Directions how to Form the Hollow Square.

The Battalion being Drawn up, the Mus­kets Shouldered, and the Pikes Advanced, you must first of all Command the Colours, Drums and Ho-boys to the center of the Pikes: Which done, you are to make the ranks close forward to three large feet distance: Then you must make the three outwardmost files [Page 117] of Pikes on the right and left, to double into the three Files of Pikes which are next them on the right and left. After which you are to make the Rere half-files of Musketiers to double their front either to the right or left; which being done, you must make all the Bo­dy close their files to close Order, and after having faced them again to the proper Front, you are to make the Pikes face Square, and close forward to close Order, as they then are faced every way; which done, you must make the Pikes face again to their proper front. Then you command the left Wing of Shot to face to the right about; which being done, both Wings of Shot are to march till clear of the Front and Rere of Pikes. After you have made the Musketiers to Alt, both Wings are to face to the Left, and are to be led by the Sargeants cross the Front and Rere of Pikes. That is to say, the right Wing of Shot to be led (as near the Pikes as they can march) round, till the Head of the Shot comes even with the left Rere Angle of the Pikes; and the left Wing of Shot is to be led in like manner round the rere of the pikes, till the Head of the Shot comes even with the right front Angle of the pikes.

[Page 118] Then you must command them all to Face to the proper Front. The Officers are to move with the Musketiers as they move, by which they will naturally fall into the Posts where they are to be, viz. The Lieutenants divided equally into the four Angles, as also the Sargeants. The Captains are to be divided in the following manner.

First Captain

To the proper Front.

Second Captain

To the Rere.

Third Captain

To the Right Flank.

Fourth Captain

To the Left Flank.

Fifth Captain

To the Right Front Angle.

Sixth Captain

To the Left Front Angle.

Seventh Captain

To the Left Rere Angle.

Eighth Captain

To the Right Rere Angle,

The Officers to take care that every Front of Soldiers do their Duty, and the Captains that are in the Center of each Front are to retire into the first rank when the Musketiers make ready, and are to kneel when the Sol­diers kneel, and to perform the same with their pikes that the pikemen do. When you have done this, you place your Company of Granadiers (being divided into four equal parts) in the four Angles, and if there be [Page 119] not room enough for them to stand in the Angles without, you must take some of the files, and place them within the Angles with their Daggers in their Firelocks, keeping the rest on the Angles without three deep, the two last ranks of which are to fire with the Musketiers, the Front rank making ready their Granado's, assoon as ever the two last ranks have fired, they are to put their Dag­gers into their firelocks, and stand charged, and when the first rank of Musketiers pre­sent, the first rank of Granadiers are to deli­ver their Granado's and assoon as done, they are to unsling their firelocks, and put in their Daggers, and stand charged as the rest.

When you give the Command to Face Square the Musketiers on the right and left are to Face outwards, and those in the Rere to face to the right about, The three outwardmost Files of Pikes on the right and left are to Face outwards, and the Rere half files of the rest of the Pikes are to Face to the right about. Those men that are in the Angles, are to face towards the Points of the Angles, the Musketiers must close, backwards as near to the Pikes as they can with convenience to use their Arms, that the Pikes may reach the farther over them.

[Page 120] The Ensigns are to keep their Colours Advan­ced and flying, which are to be Posted within the Square after this Method.

If there be ten Colours, the three Colours on the right are to be against the proper front of the Battalion, the two Colours next to them are to be against the right flank. The two Colours next to them are to be against the Rere, and they are all to Face as the Body faces, and to March as they do. The Drums and Ho-boys are to divide themselves equally to make as much room as they can within the Square.

The Musketiers being commanded to make ready, They are all to make the motion of Cock­ing and Guarding, and at the same time the Pikemen to Port their Pikes very low, (as they stand faced) without any word of Command, as also the Officers.

Tou must fire only the two last ranks together, that is, The second and third, the first of which being to stoop, the front rank or the first rank of all is to kneel, holding their Muskets, so that the two other ranks may fire clear of them. As soon as ever the second and third rank have fired and Recovered their Arms, the first rank is to stand up without any other word of com­mand with their Muskets Cockt and Guarded [Page 121] ready to Present. And at the same time the two other Ranks which have fired, Load their Arms again and make ready. The Pikes are to continue Ported very low all the while till all the three ranks have fired. After the front rank stands up, they are to be commanded to pre­sent and Fire, and after that to Recover their Arms, the Pikemen at the fame word of Com­mand being to Recover their Pikes. The front rank which fired last and all the rest that have not Primed and Loaded their Arms, are to do it (or in Exercise to make the motion of it) as they March, and are afterwards to Shoulder. The Granadiers are to be Ordered as is before [...]tioned.

The reason why the Pikes do not Charge when the Musketiers Present, but continue Ported, is, That the Musketiers in firing may not shatter the ends of them with their Shot, but when the Musketiers have fired, if there be occasion, the Pikes may be made to Charge from their Port in the twinkling of an Eye.

Of the Saluting Posture standing.

An Officer is to stand in the same Posture with his Pike Ordered as a private Soldier, only his Arm stretched out, holding his Pike at the Arms end, [Page 122] the Butt-end at the same distance from his Right Foot, which keeps it upright.

To Salute Standing.

The Officer is to fall back with the Right Arm and Leg keeping the Spear of his Pike directly [...] the R [...]a [...] sloped, just about the same height as Soldiers Pike is when it is Shouldered, his Left To to the Front, and the middle of his Right Foot against his Left Heel, his Left Hard stretched [...] streight before him, he is to take hold of the Pike and turning it with his Right Hand, to quit that place he had hold of with his Right Hand and tak­ing hold of the Butt-end with his Right Hand be is to bring the Spear of the Pike close to the ground but not to touch it, his Fingers of both [...] streight out assoon as ever he has broug [...] Spear so low, he is to raise the Pike again and to bring the Spear backward directly to the Re [...] at the same Height 'twas at, and bringing up his Right Foot at the same time, brings his Pike us to the Order 'twas at, and then he is to pull of his Hat without bowing, and to keep it off [...] the Person be past whom he Salures. He must be sure to observe to do every Motion leisurely and not too quick. And take Care to have his Salute timed so that he may be ready to pull off his, Hat just as the Person he Salutes comes right against him.

In Saluting he must take care always to stand [Page 123] Faced directly to the Front, or that way the Sold­iers Face, and to Salute just so, let the Person he Salutes come which way he will.

To Salute Marching.

As soon as the Officers approch the Person they are to Salute, They must be sure to Shoulder their Pikes from their comport all together, and to take great care that they do not swing them round but onely turn the Spears directly backwards, and lay them as level as 'tis possible to carry them on their Shoulders, their Elbows out.

When they Salute they must take great care to do every Motion exactly together and leisure­ly. And therefore 'twould; be necessary for One [...]ve the Word to the rest. And they are to take care that in Sal [...]ting they neither stand still nor mend their pace.

The first motion in Saluting is to dart their Pikes leisurely directly forward upon the same level as they are Shouldered, stretching out their Right Hand as far as they can, advancing at the same time with the Right Foot, and then advan­cing with the Left Foot, bringing the Right Hand back, they turn their Pikes the Spear di­rectly forward bringing them [...]ne the ground, and then raising them again, They bring them to their Shoulder upon a direct level as they were; Which done, They pull off their Hats [Page 124] without bowing, and keep them off till they are past by the Person they Salute.

They must be sure to time their Salute so, as to be ready to pull off their Hats just as they come over against the Person they salute.

Of the Exercise of Horse.

THE Exercise of Horse, consisting in fewer words of Command than that of Foot, is more generally known; and there is little alte­ration to be made from former Practice, but what is rather for Shew than Use.

When a Troop or Squardon is to Exercise, they must have their Carabines and Pistols Loa­den, and when the Corporals have been through the Ranks, and seen that they be all ready, th [...] Officer in Chief Command s Silence, and proceeds as followeth.

Of Encamping.

THE Major General for the day, haveing with him such of the Guards of Horse as shall be thought fit, and ordered by the General for the Security of the Camp, is to March before the Army that he may have time to view the ground and to Settle the Camp, not far from Water if it may be with convenience, Which being done, He is to order the Quarter-Master­General to Set out the Ground to the Majors of the Brigades, who thereupon Set it out to the Adjutants of each Regiment, who divide it for each Troop or Company. The Major General in the mean while is to Ride about the Camp to Post the Main-guards as he finds best for the Safety of the Army, and is to order the Quar­ter Master General what ground or Village he shall take up for the Kings Quarters, as also some commodious place for the Park of Artil­ [...]ary, and another for the Bread-Carts which is commonly near the Center of the Army with [...] Hospital.

When every thing hath been done as above mentioned, and the Camp all Marked out, Then the Major General is to send an Ald de Camp to give Notice to the General that all is ready. And at the Entring into the Camp the Major General is to meet the General to give him a full account of every particular, The Adjutants Ge­neral [Page 143] of Horse and Foot attending always on the General that they may be ready to Execute his Orders, and make Detachments without delay.

It is the usual Practice to Camp an Army in two Lines, The Second distant from the First Three hundred Paces; That is, From the Head of the first Line to the Head of the Second, whereof One hundred and twenty are for the E [...] ­camping of the First Line, so that there remains One hundred and eighty Paces for the distance between the last Tents of the first Line and the Head of the Second. And if the Army Encamp with a Reserve, Then the same distance is to be observed by them.

The Horse are to be Posted on the Wings, and the Foot in the Middle in such a manner that the Lines of the Camp look towards the Ene­my and be Covered behind by a River, Brook, of March, if it may be with Convenience.

Every Squadron consisting in Three Troops, & fifty men each Troop, must be allowed fifty paces. And every Battalion consisting of sixteen Companies and fifty men in each Company, must have One hundred paces allowed for their Encamping.

All Troops or Companies of Horse of Foot consisting but of fifty men are to be Encamped on one Row of Baraques or Hutts; But when Troops or Companies consist of more men, there must be two Files of Baraques or Hutts.

It is to be observed that in each Squadron or Battalion, The Colonels Company be always [...] ­on [Page 144] the Right or Left, And there make their Row of Hutts. Behind them must be left a space for the Street. Then the Second Company make their Row of Hutts, near to which the Third makes theirs, leaving the space of two Foot onely between their Hutts, which is called the By Street. And the same thing is to be observed by the Horse.

The Hutts of the Foot always open towards the Street, the Baraques of the Cavalry always to­wards the Horse Heads.

The Hutts of the Quarter-Master and Sar­geants are always to be at the Head of the Troop­ers and Soldiers, And the Officers Tents behind.

The Camp of the first Brigade of the Army is on the right hand of the first line, That of the se­cond on the Left, the Third is Posted on the right of the Second Line, the Fourth on the Left, and the rest in the Center according to their Seniority. This is to be observed among the Horse as well as Foot.

The Dragoons are never to be Encamped in the Body of the Army, but have their Camp at the Head or on the Wings on that side where the grea­test danger is, serving always as an Out-guard for the Army.

Every Regiment is to have a Guard at the Head of their Camp, and the Major General for the day, takes care to place the great Guard in a pro­per place and distance from the Army towards the Enemy, choosing for that Effect a place where all [Page 145] [...]he Av [...]es may be discovered. There it is to continue during the day, and at night is to draw off near the Army at the Head of the Foot.

When an Army Encamps near an Enemy, and there be no River to divide them, the General of­tentimes Entrenches his Camp, and makes his men pass the night under Arms.

The Colonel, or Officer of Horse who Mounts the Guard, is to send off an Out-Guard, or Ad­vance-guard consisting of twenty four Troopers, Commanded by a Lieutenant, whom he Posts where he sees most convenient in a place from whence the Countrey about may be easily discove­red;

The Duty of him who commands the great Guard, is to let no person whatsoever pass without an Order, to look every where about, and to send Notice to the General whenever he discovers any Troop or Forces.

It is to be observed, that the measure of ground beforementioned, is meant only for En­camping of an Army, for if it were to be Ranged in Battle in case of Service, the distances between the Battalions or Squadrons are to be greater than in a Camp. It must be endeavoured as much as may be, that the second [...]ne be equal to the first, keeping the same distance upon the Right and Left.

The Particulars of Encamping a Battalion:

WHen the Quarter-Master hath, his Ground allotted to him for Encamp­ing [Page 146] a Battalion (which is commonly One hundred Paces) he is to divide it in the man­ner following, viz. He must allow seven Foot Square to each Hut, two foot to the By-streets and fifteen foot to the great Streets. Every Company consisting of Fifty Men, ought to have Ten Hutts; And there must be the di­stance of two foot between the Hutts. The Kitchins must be marked out at twelve foot distance from the last Row of Hutts, and are to be placed just over against them, so that the Streets may be open quite through for the Officers to pass easily to the Head of the Camp as there shall be occasion: The length of the Kitchin is to be nine foot, and the breadth Six foot: There must be thirty Paces distance between the Soldiers Kitchins and the front of the captains Tents; forty Paces distance be­tween the Captains Tents and the front of the Tents of the Subaltern Officers; and the re­maining Ground is for the Encamping of the Field-Officers, and the Captains Equipage. The Suttlers are to Encamp behind the Officers Tents: The Colonels, and Field-Officers and Staff-Officers Tents are to be in the Center of the Battalion, behind the Tents of the Cap­tains.

[Page 147] There must be twenty or thirty Paces be­tween one Battalion and another: The Sar­geants Hutts are to be at the Head of the Soldiers, to open the contrary way; That is­to the Front.

The Pikes (whether they are placed a­gainst a Cross or in a Stand) must be allowed at eighten Foot distance from the Hutts. The Muskets at eighteen foot distance from the Pikes, That is before them:

The Colours and Drums are to be set with­in the hollow of the Pikes; the Halberts of the Sargeants that march with the Shot, should be placed with the Muskets, and those of the Sargeants that march with the Pikes, with the Pikes.

The particulars of Encamping a Squadron:

WHen a Quarter-master or Horse hath Ground allotted to him for a Squa­dron, which is commonly fifty Paces, he is to divide it in the following manner, viz. He must allow three Paces for the length of Ba­raque, and two paces distance from the open­ing of the Baraques to the Stakes to which the Horses are fastened, and three Paces for each Horses standing, and ten paces for the Street.

[Page 148] To the Second Troop is to be allowed two paces distance, three paces for their Baraques, and one pace distance for the By-Streets:

The Third Troop must have two paces di­stance, three paces for the Baraques, and three paces for the Horses, after which there will remain fifteen paces, which makes the distance from one Squadron to another:

If the Squadron be stronger, they must have more Ground, this being only for a Squadron of one hundred and fifty men in three Troops, each Troop making but on row of Baraques:

The Colours are to be placed at eighteen foot distance from the Front of the Baraques, in the same Line with the Pikes:

There are commonly ten or twelve Baraques on a row for every Troop of fifty men, and there must be at least two paces distance from one Baraque to another:

For the Kitchins belonging to the Troops, the Officers Tents, and the Suttlers which attend upon the Troops, the same measures are to be observed in proportion as are used for Encamping of Foot: By a pace is meant three Foot.

Orders for Battel.

THO there can be no certain Rules given for any Order of Battel, which de­pends [Page 149] chiefly upon the Circumstances of place, and other accidents; yet these short Di­rections are to serve for an Example, to shew the nature of the thing by a single Battalion.

You must first of all Command Silence, at which time the Ranks are to be two good pa­ces distant, and the Files closed in such man­ner, that every Souldier may March at his ease, and so load and Fire; which will be best effe­cted by every ones keeping the distance of half a foot from his Right-hand-man; so that they may have liberty of moving their Elbows as they March.

You must command them to March very slowly, to observe the Right in marching, and to preserve [...] the Intervals, which are alwayes to be fifty or sixty paces at least, and (if the Ground will afford it) more; that fifty or sixty of a Battalion may pass through them with ease, nothing having ever proved preju­dicial in Battel, than the having intervals too strait.

None is to speak but the Commander in Chief, or the Major (by his Order) who is alwayes to attend his Commands.

To a Battalion of ten Companies, there are supposed to be (besides the Colonel and Lieute­nant [Page 150] Colonel) eight Captains, and nine Lieu­tenants, who are to be Posted in the Form of Battel as followeth:

Colonel and Lieutenant Colonel, and five Captains at the Head of the Pikes.

1 st & 3d Captain at the head of the right division of shot.

2 d & 4 th Captain at the head of the Left Division of shot.

[...]th Captain in the Rere of the Pikes.

7 th Captain in the Rere of the left Wing of Shot.

8 th Captain in the Rere of the right Wing of Shot.

1 st & 3 d Lieutenant at the head of the right Wing of Shot.

2 d & 4 th Lieutenant at the head of the left Wing of Shot.

5 th Lieutenant on the right Flank.

6 th Lieutenant on the Left Flank.

7 th Lieutenant in the Rere of the Pikes.

8 th Lieutenant in the Rere of the left Wing of Shot.

9 th Lieutenant in the Rere of the right wing of Shot.

Which Rule is to be observed whether the Colonel or Lieutenant Colonel be present or [Page 151] no, by placing the Eldest Captains at the head of the Pikes, and so proceeding in the method before specified, the youngest being posted in the Rere, whatever the Number of Officers may be, unless the General or Commander in chief give order to post them otherwise, as there may be occasion.

Advancing against the Enemy in Battel out of Musket-shot, the Captains and other Officers at the head of the Battalion are all to March in a Line with their pikes in their hands two good paces before the men, and are often to look behind them, because other­wise they may insensibly get too much before the body, and the Soldiers by following to [...] fast, fall into Disorder, whereof great care is to be taken in marching against an Enemy.

When the Musketiers come within Shot, & march ready with their Muskets guarded, the ranks should be closed forwards to Swords point; the Distance of Files is to be preserved, as hath been said already.

In a Battel, the Captains and other Officers are to march in a Line; but coming within Shot of the Enemy, and the Musketiers mar­ching ready Cockt and Guarded, when the first rank is commanded to kneel, the whole [Page 152] line of Captains and other Officers is to Re­tire each of them into the Intervals of his Files next behind his Post, yet so that they may look to the right and left of the Battali­on.

The Offier commanding the Rere, is to ob­serve that the Battalion keep marching, to cause the Soldiers to close forwards easily with­out noise or confusion. His chief care is, to command the pikes to march always even with the wings of Shot; for it often happens that in marching any considerable time in Battel, the Wings advance, and form a half Moon, so that the pikes in the middle being extreamly pressed upon, the Battalion falls into confusion; but provided the motion of the pikes be equal with the Right and Left, the Battalion cannot be disordered in its March. Above all, care must be taken to preserve the distance in rank and File, according to what has been said already.

The Granadiers (when there are any) are to be Drawn up on the right of the Battalion, and to augment it without intermixing with it, or troubling the order of it, they being a separate number of men, that are to be always reday f [...]r whatsoever shall be com­manded them

[Page 153] The Commander of a Battalion may be on Horseback at the Head of it, when the Captains are on Foot, with their Pikes in their Hands, in as much as he is to be stirring to all parts, to see that they March as they should; and above all, that none speak except himself, or the Major by his Or­der; and is to alight when the Musketiers make ready, and to march with his Pike Charged against the Enemy.

When an Army is drawn up for Battel, the usu­al distance between the Lines is three hundred Pa­ces.

Of Garrisons and Guards.

THe Officers usually placed in a Garrison, are a Governour, a Lieutenant Governour, a Ma­jor, Aid-Major, and Captains of the Gates.

It is the Governours part to have a continual care of the preservation of the Place intrusted to him. His Office is to appoint the Guards, Rounds, and Patrols, to give the word every evening, visit the Posts, keep the Officers and and Soldiers to their Duty, charge them to be diligent, and to send out frequent Parties as well to learn News of the Ene­my, as to raise contributions from the Neighbour­ing Countrey.

The Lieutenant Governour, or Officer in chief commands in the place and Government in absence of the Governour, with the same Authority.

The Major sees the Guards mounted, the Rounds and Posts assigned, he regulates the Centinels, goes [Page 154] every evening to receive the word from the Go­vernour, and gives it about upon the place of Arms, to the Quartermasters and Sargeants of the Garri­son. He goes his Round Major, visits the Corps of Guards, and sees that all the Soldiers Arms are fixt and in good order; he causes necessary Ammu­nition to be distributed among them, orders the Gates to be opened and shut, and gives the Gover­nour an exact account of all that passes in the place

The Aid Majors are more or less in number, ac­cording to the greatness of Places; They go the Rounds with the Major by turns, and the Duty of their Places differs nothing at all from his, they being as Assistants to him.

The Care of the Captains of the Gates is to go Evening and Morning to the Governours House, to receive the keys of the Gates, that they may o­pen and shut them.

There is usually in every Garrison (especially a Frontier Town) a Commissary of Artillery, a Store-keeper who keeps account of all the Ammu­nition, and distributes it according to the Gover­nours, order, a certain number of Gunners, where­of there is always to be one on the Guard at the Batteries, a Commissary of Provisions who hath the charge of the Corn, Flower, and all that may serve font be Sustenance of a Garrison.

The Officers who are in a Garrison, owe all O­bedience and Respect to the Governour or Com­mander in chief, and they cannot be absent for a­ny reason soever, without a permission from him [Page 155] in Writing or from the Person that commands there in his absence.

In Garrison, some men are to be placed at the Gates, whose care is only to observe Strangers that come in and go out, and according to the com­paring the Memorials which they and all the Inn­keepers of the Town are to bring every evening to the Major; it is known how many Strangers are every night in the place, what they are, and where they Lodge.

The hour of mounting the Guard is different in Garrisons, according to the inclination of the Go­varnours; in some places it is done at the break of day, because at the time when the Gates are open­ed (which is the usual hour of Surprizes). Two Thirds of the Garrison are in Arms; others mount it at ten of the Clock in the Forenoon, or towards the Evening; but the most usual time is at two of the Clock in the Afternoon.

Whilst the Drums beat for the Guard, the Sarge­ants or Corporals are to go to the Major's House, who makes them cast Lots for the Posts & Rounds and writes them down in a Register kept for that purpose.

Having done so, they return to their Companies or Squadrons, who gather together before the Cap­tains Quarters, and if they do not mount by whole Companies, but by Detached men (which is the most practicable way of doing Duty) the Sarge­ants Lead them in good order, Drams beating as far as the place of Arms, to that part where the [Page 156] Guards of the Post which has fallen to their share, ought to meet.

When all the Detachments are Drawn up on the place of Arms formed ready for the Guards, the Major or Aid-major makes the Officers draw Lots for the Posts and Rounds, beginning by the Cap [...]ains, and ending at the Sargeants.

At the places which are weakest, and where there is greatest danger, there ought to be a stronger Guard commanded by a Captain, with a Sub-Lieu­tenant or Ensign, and two or three Sargeants.

The Guards being Set, and the Officces having taken their posts, the Major begins to make the Guard of the place of Arms (or the main guard) march off, then those of the Gates and Bastions: and lastly, those that are without.

Whilst the Guard is mounting, the Officers of the Guard that is to be Relieved, put their Soldiers in Arms and draw from the Guard, that they may leave the Place to the Guard that is to Relieve them, and Post themselves over against them, every Officer standing in his Post at the Head of them.

The Officers of the Guard that is Relieved De­livers to them whatever orders there are, the Cor­porals do the like to their Comrades, they charge them with the Furniture of the Corps of Guard, and inform them of the number of Sentinels that are to be set, as well by night as by day, and of what they have to do extraordinary.

The Consignations being made, and Sentinels believed, the Officers of the Guard that is relieved [Page 157] March off their Soldiers to the place of Arms; where when they have Drawn them up; they dis­miss them.

The Officers of the Guard that have Mounted, Command the Soldiers to set down their Arms, by these Words of Command, the Pikes being Advan­ced, and Muskets Shouldered.

Recover your arms.

Ranks, File off by Division to the Right (or Left)

March.

Set down your arms in good Order.

As soon as the Arms are set down, the Officers are to Order the Corporals to take care that they be in condition to Fire, and that the Bandaliers be pro­vided with Powder and Ball, Flints or Match, and to give strict Command to the Sentinels that are a [...] the Gates, never to suffer any stop of Waggons or Carts upon the Bridges, charging them to stop the Carriages that come in or go out, until they know that no others are coming to meet them.

When a Stranger on Horseback or Foot, offers to come into the Town, the Out-Sentinels are to stop him, then to call the Corporal, who gives no­tice of it to the Officer, and the Officer send one or two Musketiers with him to the Governours House.

At what distance soever a Sentinel discovers any [Page 158] Troops, he ought to give notice thereof to the Corps of Guard, and the Officer causes immediate­ly the Barrier to be made fast, or a Bridge to be drawn, letting no body in, unless the Major or Aid-Major bring Orders for it from the Gover­nour.

When it is time to shut the Gates, the Bell is, rung to call in those that are abroad in the Fields, and the Aid-Majors, or Captains of the Gates, at­tended by some Musketiers of the Main Guards come to the Governours House for the Ke [...], and as soon as they come to the Gates, the Officers draw the Guard in two Ranks, and order the Mus­ketiers to stand Guarded, and send some of the Pike­men to help to draw up the Bridges.

After the Gates are shut, one half of the Guard is to be drawn upon the Rampart to pass the night in the Corps of Guard of the Curtains or Bastions. The Corporals send some Soldiers for Firing and Candle, and the Sargeants go to the place of Arms to receive the Word, which is no sooner given but the Sargeants of the Guard carry the Word to their Officers and give it about among the Corporals who command the Sentinels to suffer no body after that time to pass upon the Ramparts without com­manding them to Stand, and giving Notice of it to the Corps of Guard.

The Taptoe or Retreat is beaten either at Nine or Ten, as the Governour directs.

When the Major goes the Round, the Officers of the Guard receives him by the Corporal and [Page 159] two Musketiers, and give him the Word once only; that is, at his Round Major.

When the Governour, Lieutenant-Governour or Commander in Chief go [...] the Round, the Officers having Ranked their Soldiers before the Guard without Arms, send a Corporal and four Muske­tiers to receive them ten paces off. And are to give them the Word as often as they please to Demand it. All other Rounds without exception ought to give the Word to the Corporals of Lans­pelades of the Corps of Guards, who receive it with the point of their naked Sword at the Breast of him who gives it.

[...]In Garrisons that are well guarded, the Rounds go every quarter of an hour; to the end the Ram­part may never be unfurnished. And that there may be an exactness in it, they carry Meddals of Lead from Guard to Guard, so that if these be any neglect it may be found where it was.

The Rounds are made with Light, and so soon has a Sentinel percieves any, it is his Duty to cry, Who comes there? so loud that he may be [...]heard by the next Corps of Guard. He who goes the Round should Answer.

• The Round, Or,
• The Round Major. Or,
• The [...]obernours Round.

The Sentinels by whom he passes should [Page 160] alwayes rest their Arms, and never permit any whomsoever to come too near them. When he draws near a Corps of Guard, the Sentine before the Arms shall ask him very loud,

• Who comes there?
• So soon as he Answers,
• The Round.

The Sentinel is to call to him to Stand.

And to the Corporal to Come forth,

Thereupon the Corporal is to come imme­diately out of the Corps of Guards, to draw his Sword and Ask,

• Who comes there?
• When he is Answered,
• The Round,
• He is to say,
• Let him who has the word, advance.

Then the Round Advances and gives the Word into the Corporals Ear so low that he cannot be heard of any body else. But if one should give any other Word than what is true, he ought to be stopt, And the Officer of the Guard is to be acquainted with it, who either keeps him all night a prisoner, or disposes of him as he thinks proper.

Though all Sentinels rest their Muskets in the night, and stand with their Pikes charged when any Round or [Page 161] Officer comes by, yet in the day the Muskets are to be Shouldered and the [...]ikes Ordered.

The Out corps of Guard make Round about the co­vered ways, but give no Word, They being only made to bearken and every Soldier goes the round by turns.

The Patrolls are made in the Streets by a Sargeans [...] six Musketiers of the Main-Guard to cause the Soldiers to retire to their Quarters, the publick Houses to shut their Doors, and to hinder the Disorders that may be committed, stoping and carrying to the Guard all that are found in the Streets without Light and disorderly.

At what hour soever the Alarm is Rung all the Companies are with speed and diligence to assem­ble before their Captains Quarters, who are to lead them to the Posts that have been appointed them by the Major.

At the break of day the Drums beat the Reville, the Aid-Majors and Captains of the Gates come to the Go­vernours for the Keys, and the Officers of the Guards bring off the Soldiers that passed the night on the Ram­parts, and rank them in two ranks, and make them stand with their Arms guarded whilst the Gates are Opening. The Majors sends a Sargeant with some Musketiers to skout in the Suburbs and in the Hollow Ways about the Town, and draw the Bridge upon them, untill they come back. When they bring an account that there is no Danger the rest of the Bridges are let down. The Corporals place, the Out-Sentinels whom they inform of what they have to do. The Majors & Captains of the Gates carry back the Keys to the Go­vernours House, and the Officers make the Soldiers for down their Arms.

[Page 162] In Garrisons that are well provided with horse The Governour places daily a guard of fifty Troo­pers, and sends every morning an Officer with some Horsemen to Beat the Road a mile or two round the place.

Every Officer of a Guard is to answer for his Post, and no man, not so much as his Colonel can command him in any thing except the Governour of the place or he who commands in his absence.

All Governours or Commanders in chief ought to have a Sentinel at their Door, and as often as they pass by any Corps of Guard the Officers are obliged to draw out their Soldiers before the guard in a rank without Arms and stand at their Head.

I f the Governour or Commander of a Place be a Lieu­tenant General, he is to have a Guard at his door con­sisting of a Lieutenant, Sargeant and thirty men who are to be under Arms as well as the other Corps of Guard every time he passes, but the Drums are not to Beat the March.

If the Commander of a Place be a General, he is to have a Guard of fifty men commanded by a Captain, a Lieutenant, a Sub-Lieutenant or an Ensign and two Sargeants, and all Corps of Guard are obliged to be un­der Arms when he passes, and the Drums to beat the March.

When any Prince of the Blood, or General of an Army passes through a Garrison, the Governour furnishes them with a Foot-guard; and at their Entry and Departure Salute them with Cannon.

Memorandum, All field Offiers and Commanders [Page 163] of Battalions are exempted from mounting of Guards.

That the Regiments and Troops of Guards are never to R [...]ule with any other Regiments or Troops, but are always to choose their posts,

That the Sargeants of the Regiments of Guards are never to receive orders in the Ring with any other Sargeants, but in a Ring Separately.

Of Councels of War, or Courts Martial.

I N an Army the Councel of War is always to meet at at the Generals Quarters or Tent, and none are cal­led to it but the Lieutenant Generals, the Major Gene­ral, the Brigadiers, and the Colonels or Commanders of Bodies when the matters concern their Regiments.

Private Councels of War or Courts Martial in a Garrison are either held at the Governours House, at the main guard, or where the Governour orders. In a Camp, at the Colonels Tent, who causes Notice to be given to the Captains to be present.

When all are met, the Governour or Colonel, or he who is to sit as President, takes his place at the head of the Table, the Captains sit about according to their Seni­ority (that is to say) the first Captain on the right hand of him that presides, the second on the left, and so of the rest. And the Town Major or the aid major or Quarter Master of the Regiment, who in the absence of the Judge-advocate discharges his Offices is to sit in his Place at the lower end of the Table.

[Page 166] The Lieutenants, Sub-Lieutenants and En-Ensigns have right to enter into the Room where the Council of War (or Marshal) is held, But they are to stand at the Cap­tains backs with their Hatts off, and have no Vote.

If the Councel be called to Deliberate on some matter of consequence, the President having opened it to the Court, Asks their O­pinions,

The youngest Officer gives his Opinion first, and the rest in order till it come to the President, who speaks last. The Opinions of every one being set down in Writing, the Result is drawn conformable to the Plurality of Votes which is Signed by the President only.

If the Councel of War, or Court Martial be held to judge a Criminal, the President and Cap­tains having taken their places, and the Prisoner be­ing brought before them, and the informations read the President interrogates the prisoner about the [...]cts whereof he is accused, and having heard his Defence, and the proof made or alledged against him, he is ordered to withdraw, being remitted to the Care of the Martial or Jaylor. Then every one Judges according to [...] his Conscience and the Ordinances or Articles of War; the Sentence is framed according to the Plurality of Votes, and the Criminal being brought in again, the Sentence is [Page 167] pronounced to him in the Name of the Councel of War, or Court Martial.

When a Criminal is condemned to any Punish­ment, the Provost Martial causes the Sentence to [...] put in execution, and if it be a publick puinishment the Regiment ought to be drawn together to see it, that thereby the Soldiers may be deterred from of­fending. Before a Soldier be punished foy any infamous Crime, he is to be publickly degraded from his Arms and his Coats stript over his ears.

A Councel of Warr or Court Martial is to consist of Seven at least with the President, when so many Offi­cers can be brought together: and if it so happen that there be not Captains enough to make up that number, the inferiour Officers may be called in.