[Page] THE NORTHERN-STAR. A POEM.
Written by Mr. HILL.
LONDON: Printed for E. Berington at the Cross-Keys near Essex-street End in the Strand, and J. Morphew near Stationers-Hall MDCCXVIII. Price One Shilling.
THE PREFACE To Mr. POPE.
I Am so little inclin'd to trouble even Men of Merit, with the Address of such Trifles as These, that it was impossible I shou'd so much as have thought of Yourself with that View, if Honest Bernard, your Bookseller, had not inform'd me, That You (I suppose it was out of the Fulness of your known Zeal for our Church and Constitution) had taken upon you to assert, that Printing any thing in Praise of the Czar of Russia wou'd be receiv'd as a Satyr on the Government.
'Tis possible, that under this Disguise of Opinion, Your Excess of Good-breeding may have conceal'd your Dislike of the Performance; for I find it a Difficulty to conceive, how so whimsical an Objection cou'd come into a Head, so well stor'd with Judgment, as we are to conclude Yours to be, from Your Essay on Criticism.
Let either of these sage Cases be the Right, I consider their Importance as Equal; and take this Occasion, with a Frankness, like Your own, to assure You, that my Esteem for Your Genius as a Poet, is so very considerable, that it is hardly exceeded by my Contempt of Your Vanity.
What led me to embrace an Opportunity of knowing Your Opinion, was a Disposition which two Lines in Your Essay above-mention'd shall explain for me;
I cou'd not, I confess, consider you as a Friend, having that very great Misfortune to languish under, of not being reckon'd in the Number of Your Acquaintance: But in the Last of the two Lights, I presum'd, I might regard You, since Mr. Dennis, for whose Skill in Judging I profess an Esteem, has assured us, that You are a Kind of Foe to every Body but Your-self, and on that Foundation, supports his rough Attempt to pull the Lyon's Skin from a certain little Ass he there mentions, and I fear he means You, Sir.
When I consider'd You in this Character, I made no doubt but any Poem wou'd have had the Good Fortune to come out of Your Hands well examined, that I shou'd have heard of Rough Verse, improper Sentiments, and a World of Poetical Errors: But I profess Your Penetration over-shot all my Fears, and I cannot find Words to express my Astonishment at Your Capacity, when Mr. Lintott lisp'd out, That Mr. Pope said, there were several good Things in the Northern-Star, BUT, it would be taken for an Insult on the Government: FOR, tho' the Czar is King George 's Ally; yet we are likely to quarrel with Sweden; and Muscovy, whisper'd Bernard, lies, he says, in the North!
If this pleasant Discovery was Your Real Opinion, we must, I'm asraid, learn to pity the Weakness of a Judgment, which, I know, is Heroic enough to wish rather for Envy, tho' a sturdier Passion, and agree with You heartily, that,
But if you dislik'd the Poem, as a Poem, why did you not fairly avow the Disrelish? I could have own'd a Conviction of Error, with the same Satisfaction, I feel, when I repay a Civility. Shall I put you in Mind, that Dislike not own'd openly, stands condemn'd by a Judge, whose Sentence Mr. Pope, of all Mankind, will be the last to appeal from,
Pope 's Essay on Criticism.
I must, by no Means, imagine, that a supercilious Result, from Neglect of examining into the Merits of a Cause, he pretends to decide, can he charg'd with any Justice on the Author of the following Lines, unless he was religious enough to write them, with Design to lash himself by Way of Penance.
In short, if I writ Verse often enough to make my Vanity Rampant; I should shrewdly suspect, that you were mightily taken with this Poem, since you thought it worth your while [Page] to give it an ill Charàcter; for You▪ who rever iie, have told the World, and I suppose you assert Nothing but from Your own Knowledge,
But. if I was not afraid, that You wou'd think me Ill-natur'd, I wou'd observe in your Favour, on this Occasion, that tho' all these foregoing Verses are Your own Words, they way posibly be very different from Your Sentiments; for I remember, that, among the rest, You, tell us, by Way of Warning.
That Men of Wit may their own Rules invade,
As Kings dispense with Laws, themselves have made.
I will therefore take Advantage, from my having been pretty conversant with your Writings, to seek a better Reason yet, for the Oddness of your Notion, that this Northern-Star is a Satyr on the Government. Your abovemention'd Cabinet of Sentences is so well furnished, that, like a Masquerade-shop at Venice. it will give a Man what Face he pleases in a Twinkling; but I presume, I have hit the Right Nail, when I stop at the following Simile.
But however, tho▪ as Teague in the Comedy, finds his Mouth run from one Side to the other, and cannot for his Life say Ladyship to Mrs. Day, without laughing in her Face, I cannot without much Difficulty grow Grave, when I compare the Judge with the Sentence; yet to allow all possible fair Quarter, let us suppose, that the Czar, as He is not; were now actually our Enemy—Are his Merits less shining? Does His Glory depend on His Friendship for Britain? Contemptible Meanness of Thought! Is it necessary towards becoming a Patriot, among the English, that every Thing must be hated, that is▪ Foreign? At that Rate the toto divisos orbe Britannos wou'd be more applicable to our Humour than it is to our Sitvation.
Next to deserving well ourselves, it is the noblest Perfection of Nature, to admire and applaud those, who do so; But to have no Ear open to Renown at a Distance, were base, vain and brutal, equally distasteful to Humanity and Wisdom. We may talk what we please of our Natural Advantages. There is one Natural Defect, which will shadow them All; and which makes it impossible to widen our Power, till we enlarge our Conceptions.
I am apt to believe that Nothing has contributed more to this Narrowness of Mind, than the Flatteries of our Poets: who generally writing for a precarious Subsistance, can no Way so easily succeed, as by falling in with the Weakness and Byass of Mens Natures; and hence all our Women are Nymphs, Angels, or Goddesses; our Men, Demi-Hero's; all our Soldiers are invincible; all our Generals beyond Caesar; all our Kings like Augustus; and every Lord who has a Penny in his Pocket, and a Crotchet in His Imagination, a very Mecaenas.
A Poet shou'd sometimes stand high, and look wide for a Subject; If He is always Domestic, He will be often unnatural. Virgil's celebrated Praise of his Italy, had been Falshood and F [...]attery, apply'd to Great Britain. He knew and admired the Delights of His Country, and acted as became Him, when he justly commended them. But our Highway-Poets, whose utmost Reach of Skill is a Poor Imitation, forget that they make Themselves contemptible▪ instead of ornamenting their Subject, when Peace in our Climate is dress'd in her Olives; when Pan fills our Woods, and Tritons our Seas; and our Shepherds sit Piping, like the Swains of Arcadia.
A meer Poet, that is to say, a Wretch, who has nothing but the Jingle in his Brain to ring Chimes to his Vanity, and whose whole Trade is Rhyme-jobbirg; such a Creature is certainly the most worthless Incumbrance of his Country. His Arrogance is the only Thing more Remarkable than his Ignorance. The fantastical Merit that swells him, is, like other Ill-Humors▪ the more noxious for its Thinness. Useful Science is an Air much too Gross for His Intellects: Biting Scorn, and Universal Neglect turn their Points on His Conceitedness, and while the whole World strives in vain to correct him by Disgrace and Reproaches, All that Tempest to Him is no more, than Blowing Wind in a Bladder, the stronger the Puff, the more boisterous the Swelling.
All this, Mr. Pope must reeds know, between his double Capacity, of Poet and Critic; and, if so, He has given a Judgment, as well corrupt, as ridiculous, in attributing to Party the Endeavours of Justice. But if after all, it was not the Subject, but the Poem, that found no Favour in His Eyes, I will take upon me to assure Him, it sues not for the Blessing: Let him like it as ill as He pleases, I dare at least, undertake, it shall easily defend it self against any Attack, of His making; which, pray Sir, inform Him, since you are His greatest Admirer, and oblige
THE Northern Star. A POEM.
Explanatory NOTES, Referr'd to, in the POEM.
(1) I Call Russia The Land of Night, not only Literally, as its general Distance from the Sun occasions tedious and uncomfortable Winters, but also in a Metaphorical Sense, because an almost total Absence of the Arts (till this Czar's Reign) had wrapt the Country in a Night of Ignorance.
(2) In that Contracted Name. Czar is a Contraction of the Word Caesar, and is us'd to signify a King, or Emperor, not only in the Russian Tongue, but the Sclavonian, and some others; and, no doubt, deriv'd its Rise from that Title of the Roman Emperors. Nor is there any other Difference in the Words than the Contraction only, since the antient Latin Pronunciation was not Caesar, as we speak it, but the C being pronounc'd as a K, made Kaisar, and, in that Manner, it was undoubtedly spoken by the Romans. The Germans have no other Title for the Emperors to this Day, than Kaisar, which the smallest Variation changes into Czar, according to the Russian Appellation.
(3) Almost ow'd Distinction to his Hand. Tho' the Czars of Russia have for many Ages been possess'd of very large Dominions, and a Power as extensive, and unbounded, as most other Princes; yet, partly by their distant Situation, and partly by their Want of Skill in Arms and Arts, it is certain that they are but lately become Known to these Parts of Europe, and were never formidable, 'till they ow'd it to the Genius of their present Monarch.
(4) Gave their scatter'd Limbs a Head. Every Body knows that Theseus gather'd the Athenians into a Body, from a dispers'd and solitary Way of living; and founded and peopled the City of Athens, which was before but a little Village, tho' a Kingly Seat, where he brought them to a Relish of Society, and usefully, instructed them in the Knowledge of improving their united Power.
(5) Nations, Numberless as Lybian Sands. The Hyperbole may plead more than Poetical Licence to excuse it; for, if, according to the Practice of Great Part of the East, and the West-Indies, each distinct Tribe or Herd, may be indulg'd in their Ambition to be thought a particular Nation, as most Writers have practis'd, Then may the petty Herds of Tartars, almost every where surrounding Russia, added to the wild Variety of Inhabitants in Siberia, Samoieda, &c. who depend upon the Czar, be call'd Numberless, without much Help from the Hyperbole.
(6) The Shaggy Samoid. The Samoiedes are a People subject to the Czar, and inhabiting a large Tract of Land, from Nova Zemla, to the Neighbourhood of Archangel, and extending along the Tartarian Sea. They neither Plough nor Sow, their Country being too cold to produce Corn; so that they live chiefly on dry'd Fish and Turneps, and the Flesh of a Kind of Deer, which feeds on the Moss of their Heaths: And, with the Skins of these Deer, having a very thick, warm Fur, they cloath and defend themselves from the Sharpness of the Frost, and covering themselves all over, keep the Snow from blowing in at their Necks; and live three Months, in the Year, without Sight of the Sun.
(7) O'er Lands, where scarce the Russian Name has past. Notwithstanding the just Notion, which Europe has conceiv'd for some Years past, of the formidable Power of the Russian Arms, yet is their Country so little known, to the Generality of other Nations, that it is almost Universally called Muscovy, tho' that is only the Name of its old Capital Muscow: And the English might, with the same Justice, in foreign Countries, be called by no other Name than The Londoners.
(8) Thence sudden Fleets have shadow'd Distant Seas. It is known, that the Cza [...] has on a sudden, cover'd the Baltick, with a powerful Fleet of Men of War and Gallies; which was sufficiently seen, when He transported His Army to join with the King of Denmark, in the intended Descent upon Schonen: And on the other Side of His Dominions, He has built a Fleet against the Turks, to serve upon the Black-Sea, most of which Ships, being of very great Force, were built at Veronize, a Town seated on a Branch of the famous Tanais, and falling into the Palue Maotis, not far from the City of Azoph.
[Page 20] (9) The V [...]rgin Caspian. The Czar has caus'd Ships to be sent down the Volga into the Caspian-Sea, to make Discoveries on the Side of Georgia, Persia, Armenia, and independant Tartary, and a considerable Trade, for the Products of the East-Indies, is already carried on, from several Ports in that Sea, to Astracan, and thence dispers'd over Russia, by the Volga and the Don. This Sea is call'd the Virgin-Caspian, because it has no known Communication with any other, being the largest Lake in the Universe, about five hundred Miles long, and, in Breadth, four hundred; and by Means of this Sea, the Czar has at all Times, an Inlet into the Heart of Pers [...]a and the Indies, whenever he shall think of extending His Conquests that Way.
(10) A Rival Power, in Naval Struggle try'd. The Turks, 'till the Reign of this Illustrious Prince the Czar, possess'd Entire Dominion in the Euxine: But the Russian Fleets can now dispute their Title; and, of this, the Turks have had Experience ever since the Year 1696. when the Loss of Azoph was the Consequence of an Overthrow at Sea, by the Russian Gallies, commanded by the Czar in Pers [...]n. The Terror this Defeat occasion'd at Constantinople was so great, that they built new Castles on the Bosphorus, and took all possible Precautions to prevent some future Attempt that Way, by the Russian Navy; but so much in Vain, that I am convinc [...]d and could justify it by Reason and Demonstration, that, if the Czar shou'd, as it is now likely he will, declare War against the Turks, he may, with the smallest Expence, or Hazard, imaginable, begin his Success by laying Constantinople in Ashes, or possessing it, if he pleases, and maintaining it against all possible Efforts of the Ottoman Power.
(11) Yok'd Hellespont. The Passage of this famous Chanel is guarded, and made as the Turks falsly believe, impossible to be forc'd, by two old Castles, called the Dardanelles; one seated on the Asian Side, the other on the European, about three Quarters of a Mile asunder; and having each a Platform of prodigious outof-Size Artillery, carrying Stone Bullets of two or three Foot Diameter.
(12) Now greet their Russia by an untry'd Way. If Constantinople were in the Hands of the Czar; and the Hellespont; by that Means subject to Him, His Ships from the South Parts of His Dominions, bordering on Circassia, might, thro' the Bosphorus, Propontis, Hellespont, and Aegean, pass into the Mediterran an, and coming thro' the Streights Mouth, sail Northward, and reach Russia again, at the Port of Archangel.
(13) Feel their Pride shake, &c. The Chinese, tho' vastly distant from Russia, have been warr'd upon by that Nation, and made to conceive very different Idea's of them, from those which their Pride had before suggested to them: And the Czar duely sensible of the many Advantages, which may arise from a perfect Discovery of that Immensity of Desart, which divides Him from China, has compleated that Design, and built Forts and large Towns, all the Way, at proper Distances, for the Defence, and Entertainment of His Subjects, who travel, every Year from one Empire to the other by Land, carrying out and bringing back such Commodities, as are most in Demand by the Merchants of both Nations. They set out, when the Winter has cover'd all the Country with Snow, and the Surface of that Snow is so harden'd by Frost, that they are drawn with great Swiftness over it, in Sleds, by a large Kind of Deer; they, who ride in the Sled, being cover'd with thick, and warm Furs, for Defence against the Severity of the Cold.
(14) Where Proud Discov'ry has so oft been lost. Abundance of Ships have been lost, and great Numbers of excellent Mariners been frozen to Death, in the Search of a North Eastern Passage to China and Japan, by the Way of Nova Zemla, and the great Sea of Tartary. If there is such a Passage, as there must be, unless the Russian Dominions are join'd on the North, to America, The Czar has a Design to discover it; and will undoubtedly succeed in it, because His Situation affords him an Advantage, which no other Monarch is Master of.
(15) Prophetic Greece re-hopes Her own. There has, long, been a Prophecy among the Greeks. that their Redemption from the Turkish Yoke, shall be owing to a fair, white hair'd People from the North; and they are strongly, and universally perswaded, that the Russians are the People, meant in the Prophecy.
(16) And, when eight hundred lab'ring Tears were past. Tho' the Romans, assisted by the Strength of their National Virtue, in the Infancy of their Power, grew suddenly Glorious, yet they reach'd not the Height of their Empire, till the Days of Trajan; which Summit of Authority is hinted at by the Aspiring to Rule, and Panting after Fame, in the Poem.