A SERMON preached before his MAIESTIE at his Court of Thebalds, on Sunday, Sept. 15. 1622.
In the ordinary course of attendance.
By IOS. HALL D.D.
LONDON, Printed by J. Haviland for N. BVTTER. 1622.
A SERMON Preached before his MAIESTY, at his Court of THEBALDS, on Sunday the 15. of September 1622.
AS in the ciuill body, so in the naturall; the head as it is the highest, so the chiefe part: according to the place is the dignity: Of [Page 2]the head, the highest Region is chiefest, seruing only for the vse of intellectuall powers; whereas the lower part of it is only imploied for bodily nutrition: Now, as the reasonable part of the Soule is Vertex animae, being contradistinguished to the sensitiue; So, if ye distinguish the reasonable into Iudgement and Deliberation, Naturale Iudicatorium dicetur esse vertex, saith Aquinas; Iudgement is the top of our Soule, and therefore calls for the top of our care: If the highest Wheele goe right, the inferiour hardly erre. Heare then the golden rule of the Author, of the Iudge of our iudgement, Iudge not according to the appearance, [Page 3]but iudge righteous iudgement. The negatiue part is first, Iudge not; then, Iudge: Where the minde is free and cleere, it is good to begin with the positiue documents of right, which is the rule to it selfe and the wrong; but where the heart is forestalled with mis-opinion, ablatiue directions are first needfull to vnteach error, ere we can learne truth. Iudge not therefore according to the appearance: [...] is (as the Vulgar rightly) secundùm faciem, according to the face, because the face only appeares, the rest is hid: Euery thing, not man only, hath both a face and an heart; a face which is peruious to euery eie, an heart [Page 4]to which none eye can pierce but the wise. This face, as of man, so of things, is a false rule of iudgement; Frons, oculi, &c. The forehead, eyes, countenance tell many a lye. Iudge not therefore according to appearance: it is no measuring by a crooked line: There is nothing more vncertaine than appearance; some things appeare that are not, and some things are that appeare not; and that (besides naturall occurrences) in morally both good and euill: Some things appeare good that are not, and therefore mis-lead the heart both to an vniust prosecution, and to a false applause; some things appeare euill that [Page 5]are not, and therefore mis-lead vs to an iniurious censure, and vndeserued abomination: Againe, some things are good that appeare not, and therefore lose both our allowance and pursuit; some things are euill that appeare not, and therefore insinuate themselues into our acquaintance and loue, to our cost: Many a Snake lies hid vnder the Strawbery leaues, and stings vs ere we be aware. Vitia virtutes mentiuntur, saith Gregory, Vice too oft makes a maske of the skin of Vertue, and lookes louely: Vertue as often comes forth (like a Martyr in the Inquisition) with a San-benit vpon her backe, and a cap painted [Page 6]with Deuils vpon her head, to make her vgly to the beholders; Iudge not therefore according to the appearance.
The appearance or face, is of things, as of men: We see it at once with one cast of the eye, yet there are angles, and hils and dales, which vpon more earnest view the eye sees cause to dwell in: so it is with this appearance or face of things, which how euer it seemes wholly to appeare to vs at the first glance, yet vpon further search will descry much matter of our inquiry: For euery thing from the skin inclusiuely to the heart, is the face; euery thing besides true being, is appearance. [Page 7]All the false [...] that vse to beguile the iudgement of man, hide themselues vnder this appearance: These reduce themselues to three heads; Presumptions, false Formes, Euents: Presumptions must be distinguished; for wheras there are three degrees of them, first (levia Probabilia) light Probabilities, then faire Probabilities, and thirdly strong Probabilities, which are called, Indicia juris, the two first are allowed by very Inquisitors, but as sufficient to cause suspicion, to take information, to attache the suspected, not enough whereon to ground the Libell, or the torture, much lesse a finall Iudgement: Thus Elie sees Annaes lips [Page 8]go, therefore she is drunke: The Pharises see Christ sit with sinners, he is a friend to their sins.
False formes are presented either to the eye or to the eare. In the former, besides supernaturall delusions, there is a deceit of the sight, whether through the indisposition of the Organ, or the distance of the Obiect, or the mis-disposition of the medium: So as, if wee should iudge according to appearance, the Sunne should double it selfe by the first, through the crosnesse of the eye, it should diminish it selfe by the second, and seeme as big as a large Siue, or no large Cart wheele at the most; It should dance in the rising, and moue [Page 9]irregularly by the third. To the eare are mis-reports, and false suggestions, whether concerning the person or the cause. In the former, the calumniating tongue of the Detractor is the Iugler that makes any mans honesty or worth appeare such as his malice listeth: In the latter, the smooth tongue of the subtile Rhetorician is the Impostor, which makes causes appeare to the vnsetled iudgement, such as his wit or fauour pleaseth: Euents, which are oft-times as much against the intention, and aboue the remedie of the Agent, as besides the nature of the Act: There is sometimes a good euent [Page 10]of euill, as Iasons Aduersarie cured him in stabbing him; the Israelites thriue by oppression, the Field of the Church yeelds most when it is manured with bloud: There is sometimes an ill euent of good; Ahimelec giues Dauid the Shew-bread, and the Sword, hee and his Family dies for it: Sapientis est praestare culpam; It is enough for a wise man to weild the Act, the issue hee cannot; Wisdome makes demonstratiue Syllogismes, à priori, from the causes; folly Paralogismes, à posteriori, from the successe. Careat successibus opto quisquis ab eventu, &c. was of old the word of the Heathen Poet. If therefore [Page 11]either vpon sleight probabilities, or false formes, or subsequent euents we passe our verdict, we doe what is here forbidden, Iudge according to appearance.
Had the charge beene only Iudge not, and gone no further, it had beene very vsefull, and no other than our Sauiour gaue in the Mount: we are all on our way; Euery man makes himselfe a Iustice Itinerant, and passeth sentence of all that comes before him, yea (beyond all commission) of all aboue him; and that many times, not without grosse mis-construction, as in the case of our late directions: Our very Iudges are at our barre; Secrets [Page 12]of Court, of Counsell, of State escape vs not, yea not those of the most reserued Cabinet of Heauen: Quis te constituit Iudicem? Who made thee a Iudge? as the Israelite (vniustly) to Moses: These are sawcy vsurpers of forbidden Chaires; and therefore it is iust with God, that (according to the Psalmist) such Iudges should bee cast downe in stony places, yea, as it is in the Originall ( [...]) that they should be left in the hands of the rocke (allidantur Petrae) that they should bee dasht against the rocks, that will bee sailing without Card or compasse in the vast Ocean of Gods Counsels, or his anointeds.
But now here our Sauiour seales our Commission, sets vs vpon the Bench; allowes vs the act, but takes order for the manner, we may iudge, we may not iudge according to the appearance; we may be Iudges (whether [...], or [...]) the one to condemne, the other to absolue, we may not be ( [...]) Iudges of euil thoughts; and we shal bee euill thoughted Iudges, if we shall iudge according to the appearance. Not only Fortune and Loue, but euen Iustice also is wont to bee painted blindfold; to import that it may not regard faces. God sayes to euery Iudge as he did to Samuel, concerning Eliab, Looke not on his [Page 14]countenance, nor the height of his stature: Is an outragious rape committed? Is bloud shed? looke not whether it be a Courtiers or a Pesants, whether by a Courtier or a Pesant; either of them cryes equally loud to Heauen: Iustice cannot be too Lyncean to the being of things, nor too blinde to the appearance.
The best things appeare not, the worst appeare most; God, the Angels, soules both glorified and encaged in our bosomes, grace, supernaturall truths, these are most-what the obiects of our faith, and faith is the euidence of things not seene; Like as in bodily obiects, the more pure and simple ought is (as aire [Page 15]and etherall fire) the more it flyeth the sight; the more grosse and compacted (as water and earth) the more it fils the eye; Iudge not therefore according to appearance.
It is an vsefull and excellent rule for the auoiding of errour in our iudgement of all matters whether Naturall, Ciuill, or Diuine.
Naturall; what is the appearance of a person, but the colour, shape, stature? The colour is oft-times bought or borrowed, the shape forced by Art, the stature raised (to contradict Christ) a cubit high; Iudge not therefore according to appearance. What are the collusions of Iuglers [Page 16]and Mountebanks, the weepings and motions of Images, the noyses of miraculous cures and dispossessions, but appearances? Fit aliquando in Ecclesiâ maxima deceptio populi in miraculis fictis à sacerdotibus; There is much cozenage of the poore people by cogged miracles, saith Cardinall Lyranus; these holy frauds could not gull men, if they did not iudge according to appearance. Should appearance be the rule, our haruest had bin rich; there was not more shew of plenty in our fields, than now of scarcity in our streets. This dearth (to say truth) is not in the graine, but in the heart; If the hearts of men were not more blasted with couetousnesse [Page 17]and cruell selfe-loue, than their graine with distemper of aire, this needed not; The Barnes and Granaries are full, the Markets empty; Authority knowes how to remedy this euill, how to preuent a dearth in abundance, that men may not affamish whom God hath fed; and that when God hath giuen vs the staffe of bread, it may not be either hid, or broken, shortly, that our store may not be iudged by the appearance.
Ciuill; Wisemen and statesmen especially may not alwaies looke the same way they would goe; like skilfull Sea-men, they sometimes lauere, and (as the winde may stand) fetch compasses of [Page 18]lawfull policies to their wished point. That of Tiberius was fearefull; of whom Xiphiline, ( [...]) That he sayled euer against the winde of his words: But sometimes a good Constantius, or Anastasius, will wisely pretend what he intends not: As our Sauiour made as if hee went further, when he meant to turne into Emaus: The hearts of Kings are as deepe waters; we may not think to draine them in the hollow of our hand: Secret things to them of whom God hath said, Dixi Dij estis; things reuealed to vs and our children. Euen we meane ones would be loth to haue alwayes our hearts read in our faces; Iudge not therefore [Page 19]according to the appearance.
Diuine; In these our speech must dwell; If we should iudge according to the appearance, we should thinke basely of the Sauiour of the world; Who that had seene him sprawling and wringing in the Cratch, flitting to Aegypt, chopping of chips at Nazareth, famishing in the Desert, transported by Satan, attended by Fishermen, persecuted by his Kindred, betrayed by one Seruant, abiured by another, forsaken of all, apprehended, arraigned, condemned, buffeted, spat vpon, scourged to bloud, sceptred with the reede, crowned with thorne, nailed to the Crosse, hanging naked betwixt [Page 20]two Theeues, scorned of the beholders, sealed vp in a borrowed graue, could say other, than, He hath no forme nor beauty, when wee shall see him, there is nothing that wee should desire him? Who that should haue seene his skinne all dewed with pearles of bloudy sweat, his backe bleeding, his face blubbered and besmeared, his forehead harrowed, his hands and feet pierced, his side gushing out, his head bowed down in death, and should withall haue heard his dying lips say, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? would not haue said, Hee is despised and reiected of men, yea (in appearance) of God himselfe. Yet euen [Page 21]this while, to the cutting of the sinewes of those stiffe-necked Iewes, the Angels owned him for their Lord, the Sages adored him, the Star designed him, the Prophets foreshewed him, the Deuils confest him, his Miracles euinced him, the earth shooke, the Rocks rent, the Dead lookt out, the Sun lookt in, astonished at the suffrings of the God of nature; Euen whiles he was despised of men, he commanded the Deuils to their chaines: whiles base men shot out their tongues at him, Principalities and Powers bowed their knees to him; whiles he hanged despicably vpon the tree of shame, the powers of hell were dragged captiue after the [Page 22]triumphant chariot of his crosse; the appearance was not so contemptible, as the truth of his estate glorious. Iudge not therefore according to the appearance.
Should appearance be the rule, how scornefully would the carnall eye ouer-looke the poore ordinances of GOD? What would it finde here but foolishnesse of preaching, homelinesse of Sacraments, an inky Letter, a Priests lips, a sauorlesse message, a morsell of Bread, a mouth full of Wine, an handfull of Water, a slander-beaten Crosse, a crucified Sauiour, a militant Church, a despised Profession. When yet this foolishnesse of preaching is the power of God to saluation; [Page 23]these mute Letters the liuely Oracles of God, these vile Lips the Cabinets of Heauen to preserue knowledge; this vnplausible Message, Magnalia Dei; this Water, the Water of Life in the midst of the Paradise of GOD: ( [...]) this Bread the Manna of Angels, this Wine heauenly Nectar, this Church the Kings Daughter, all glorious within, this dying Sacrifice the Lord of life, this Crosse the Banner of Victory, this Profession Heauen vpon earth. Iudge not therefore according to appearance.
Should appearance be the rule, woe were Gods children, happy were his enemies. Who that [Page 24]had seene Cain standing masterly ouer the bleeding carkasse of Abel, Ioseph in his bonds, his Mistresse in her dresse, Moses in the Flags, Pharaoh in the Palace, Dauid sculking in the Wildernesse, Saul commanding in the Court, Elias fainting vnder his Iuniper tree, Iezebel painting in her closet, Michaiah in the prison, Zidkijah in the presence, Ieremy in the dungeon, Zedekiah in the throne, Daniel trembling among the Lyons, the Medean Princes feasting in their Bowers, Iohns head bleeding in the Platter, Herods smiling at the Reuels, Christ at the Barre, Pilate on the Bench, the Disciples scourged, the Scribes and [Page 25]Elders insulting, would not haue said; O happy Caine, Potiphars wife, Pharaoh, Saul, Iezebel, Zidkijah, Zedekiah, Median Princes, Pilate, Herod, Elders, miserable Abel, Ioseph, Moses, Dauid, Eliah, Michaiah, Ieremy, Daniel, Iohn, Christ, the Disciples: Yet we know Caines victory was as wofull, as Abels martyrdome glorious; Iosephs yrons were more precious, than the golden tires of his Mistresse; Moses Reedes were more sure than Pharaohs Cedars; Dauids Caue in the Desart more safe than the Towers of Saul; Eliahs Rauen a more comfortable purueyor than all the Officers of Iezebel: Michaiahs prison was the gard-chamber of Angels, when [Page 26] Ahabs presence was the counsell Chamber of euill spirits; Ieremies Dungeon had more true light of comfort than the shining state of Zedekiah; Daniel was better garded with the Lions, than Darius and the Median Princes with their Ianisaries; Iohns head was more rich with the Crowne of his martyrdome, than Herods with the Diadem of his Tetrarchate; Christ at the Barre gaue life and being to Pilate on the Bench, gaue motion to those hands that strucke him, to that tongue that condemned him, and in the meane while, gaue sentence on his Iudge; The Disciples were better pleased with their stripes and wales than [Page 27]the Iewish Elders with their proud Phylacteries. After this, who that had seene the primitiue Christians, some broyled on Gridirons, others boyled in Lead, some rosted, others frozen to death, some flead, others torne with horses, some crashed in peeces by the teeth of Lions, others cast downe from the rocks to the stakes, some smiling on the wheele, others in the flame, all wearying their tormentors and shaming their Tyrants with their patience, would not haue said, Of all things I would not be a Christian? Yet, euen this while were these poore torturing-stocks higher (as Marcus Arethusius bragged) than their [Page 28]persecutors; dying Victors, yea Victors of death; neuer so glorious as when they began not to be; in gasping crowned, in yeelding the ghost more than Conquerours; Iudge not therefore according to appearance.
When thou lookst about, and seest on the one hand, a poore conscionable Christian drouping vnder the remorse for his sinne, austerely checking his wanton appetite, and curbing his rebellious desires, wearing out his dayes in a rough penitentiall seuerity, cooling his infrequent pleasures with sighs, and sawcing them with teares; on the other hand ruffling Gallants made all of pleasure & Iouiall [Page 29]delights, bathing themselues in a sea of all sensuall satieties, denying their pampered naturenothing vnder heauen, not wine in bowles, not strange flesh, and beastly dalliance, not vnnaturall titillations, not violent filthines; that feast without feare, and drinke without measure, and sweare without feeling, and liue without God, their bodies are vigorous, their coffers full, their state prosperous, their hearts cheerefull: O how thou blessest such men: Loe these (thou saist) these are the dearlings of heauen and earth; Sic ô sic juvat vivere: Whiles those other sullen mopish creatures are the ( [...]) offscouring and recrements of the [Page 30]world; Thou foole, giue me thy hand, let me lead thee with Dauid into the sanctuary of God: Now what seest thou? The end, the end of these men is not peace. Surely ô God thou hast set them in slippery places, and castest them downe to desolation: how suddenly are they perished, and horribly consumed! Woe is me, they doe but dance a Galliard ouer the mouth of hell, that seemes now couered ouer with the greene sods of pleasure; The higher they leape, the more desperate is their lighting: Oh wofull, wofull condition of those godlesse men, yea those epicurean Porkets, whose belly is their god, whose heauen is their pleasure, [Page 31]whose cursed iollity is but a feeding vp to an eternall slaughter: the day is comming, wherein euery minute of their sinfull vnsatisfying ioyes shal be answered with a thousand thousand millions of yeeres frying in that vnquenchable fire; And when those damned Ghosts shal forth of their incessant flames see the glorious remuneration of the penitent and pensiue soules which they haue despised, they shal then guash and yell out that late recantation; We fooles thought their life madnes, and their end without honour; now they are counted among the children of God, and their portion is among the Saints, ours amongst Deuils: [Page 32] Iudge not therefore according to appearance.
Should we iudge according to appearance, all would be Gold that glistereth, all drosse that glistereth not: Hypocrites haue neuer shewed more faire, than some Saints foule. Saul weepes, Ahab walkes softly: Tobias and Sanballat will be building Gods walls; Herod heares Iohn gladly; Balaam prophesies Christ, Iudas preaches him, Satan confesses him; When euen an Abraham dissembles, a Dauid clokes adultery with murder, a Salomon giues (at least) a toleration to idolatry; a Peter forsweares his Master, briefely, the prime disciple is a Satan; Satan an Angell of light. For you: [Page 33]How gladly are we deceiued in thinking you all such as you seeme; None but the Court of Heauen hath a fairer face. Prayers, sermons, sacraments, geniculation, silence, attention, reuerence, applause, knees, eyes, eares, mouths full of God; Oh that ye were thus alwaies! Oh that this were your worst side! But if we follow you from the Church, & finde cursing and bitternesse vnder your tongues; licentious disorder in your liues, bribery and oppressionin your hands; If God lookeinto the windows of your hearts, and finde there be (intus rapinae) we cannot iudge you by the appearance; or, if we could, What comfort were it to you to [Page 34]haue deceiued our charity with the appearance of Saints, when the righteous Iudge shall giue you your portion with Hypocrites; What euer we doe, he will be sure not to iudge according to the appearance.
If appearance should bee the rule, false religion should be true, true false. Quaedam falsa probabiliora quibusdam veris, is the old word; Some falshoods are more likely than some truths: Natiue beauty scornes Art: Truth is as a matrone; Error a curtizan: The matrone cares only to concile loue by a graue & graceful modesty; the curtezan with philtres and farding We haue no hierarchy mounted aboue Kings, no [Page 35]pompous ostentation of magnificence, no garish processions, no gaudy altars, no fine images clad with Taffataes in summer, with veluets in winter, no flourishes of vniuersality, no rumors of miracles, no sumptuous canonizations, we haue nothing but ( [...]) the sincerity of Scriptures, simplicity of sacraments, decency of rare ceremonies, Christ crucified. We are gone if yee goe by appearance: Gone? alas, who can but blush & weepe, and bleed to see that Christian soules should (after such beames of knowledge) suffer themselues to be thus palpably cozened with the gilded slips of error, that after so many yeares pious gouernment [Page 36]of such an incomparable succession of religious Princes, authority should haue cause to complaine of our defection?
Deare Christians (I must bee sharpe) are we children or fooles, that we should bee better pleased with the glittering tinsell of a painted baby from a Pedlers shop, than with the secretly rich and inualuable Iewell of diuine Truth? Haue wee thus learned Christ? Is this the fruit of so cleere a Gospell? of so blessed scepters? For Gods sake be wise and honest, and yee cannot be Apostates.
Shortly, for it were easie to be endlesse: If appearance might be the rule, good should be euill, euill good; there is no vertue that [Page 37]cannot be counterfetted, no vice that cannot be blanched; we should haue no such friend as our enemy, a flatterer; no such enemy as our friend that reproues vs. It were a wonder if ye great ones should not haue some such burs hanging vpon your sleeues; As soone shall corne grow without chaffe, as greatnes shal be free from adulation: These seruile spirits shal sooth vp all your purposes, & magnifie all your actions, and applaud your words, & adore your persons: Sin what yee will, they will not check you; Proiect what you will, they wil not thwart you; say what ye will, they wil not faile to second you; bee what yee will, they [Page 38]will not faile to admire you; Oh how these men are all for you, all yours, all you; They loue you as the Rauens doe your eyes. How deare was Sisera to Iael, when she smoothed him vp, & gaue him milke in a lordly dish; Samson to Dalilah, when shee lulled him in her lap; Christ to Iudas, when he kissed him; See how hee loued him, would some foole haue said, that had iudged by appearance.
In the meane time, an honest plaine dealing friend is like those sauces which a man praises with teares in his eyes: like a ches-nut, which pricks the fingers, but pleases our taste; or like some wholsome medicinall potion, that distastes and purges vs (perhaps [Page 39]makes vs sicke) that it may heale vs. Oh let the righteous smite mee, for that is a benefit, let him reproue me, and it shall be a precious oyle that shall not breake my head; Breake it? no, it shall heale it, when it is mortally wounded by my owne sinne, by others assentation: Oh how happy were it, if we could loue them that loue our soules, and hate them that loue our sinnes. They are these rough hands that must bring vs sauory dishes, and carry away a blessing; truth is for them now, thankes shall be for them hereafter, but in the meane time they may not bee iudged by the appearance.
Lastly, if we shall iudge friendship [Page 40]by complement, salubrity by sweetnesse, seruice by the eye, fidelity by othes, valor by brags, a Saint by his face, a deuill by his feet, we shall be sure to be deceiued: Iudge not therefore according to appearance.
But (that yee mistake not) though we may not iudge only by the appearance, yet appearance may not bee neglected in our iudgement. Some things according to the Philosopher ( [...]) seeme and are, are as they seeme: Semblances are not alwaies seuered from truth; Our senses are safe guides to our vnderstandings. We iustly laugh at that Scepticke in Laertius, who because his seruant robbed his [Page 41]Cup-bord, doubted whether he left his victuals there: What doe we with eyes if we may not beleeue their intelligence? That world is past, wherein the glosse Clericus amplectens foeminam praesumitur benedicendi causâ fecisse; The wanton imbracements of another mans wife must passe with a Clarke for a ghostly benediction; Men are now more wise, lesse charitable: Words and probable shewes are appearances, actions are not; and yet euen our words also shall iudge vs; If they be filthy, if blasphemous, if but idle, wee shall account for them, wee shall bee iudged by them: Ex ore tuo; A foule tongue shewes euer a rotten [Page 42]heart; By their fruits yee shall know them, is our Sauiours rule; I may safely say, No body desires to borrow colours of euill: If you doe ill, thinke not that we will make dainty to thinke you so; When the God of loue can say by the Disciple of loue, Qui facit peccatum ex diabolo est; He that committeth sinne is of the deuill: Euen the righteous Iudge of the world iudgeth (secundum opera) according to our works; we cannot erre whiles we tread in his steps. If we doe euill, sinne lyes at the doore; but it is on the streete side; Euery Passenger sees it, censures it; How much more he that sees in secret? Tribulation and anguish vpon euery [Page 43] [...] [...]le that doth euill: Euery [...] here is no exemption by [...]itnesse, no buying off with [...]ibes, no bleering of the eyes with pretences, no shrouding our selues in the night of secrecy; but, if it be a soule that doth euill, Tribulation and anguish is for it; Contrarily, If wee doe well, shall we not be accepted? If we bee charitable in our almes, iust in our awards, faithfull in our performances, sober in our carriages, deuout in our religious seruices, conscionable in our actions; Glory, and honour, and peace to euery man that worketh good; wee shall haue peace with our selues, honour with men, glory with God and his [Page 44]Angels: Yea that peace of [...] passeth all vnderstanding; [...] [...] nour as haue all his Sai [...] [...] incomprehensible glory [...] God of peace, the God of Sa [...] and Angels; to the participa [...] whereof, that good God th [...] hath ordained vs, as mercifully bring vs for the sake of his deare Sonne Iesus Christ the iust: To whom with thee O Father, and thy good Spirit, one infinite God, our God, be giuen all praise, honour and glory now and for euer. Amen.