CHAP. I. How the Chyrurgeon should behave himself on an Engagement Day.

I'Le Imagine that you are at Sea now in a Man of War, and in sight of the Enemy; and all men are clearing their respective quarters, and fitting them­selves for fight; at what time you, as you are Chyrurgeon of the Ship, must prepare as followeth.

First you must see that your platform be laid as even as may be, with a Sail spread upon it, which you must speak to the Commander to order. In a Merchant-man this is usually in the Cable teere; but in [Page 22] Men of Warr it is generally in Hold, abaft the Mast, between that and the Bulk head of the Cockpit from side to side.

On this platform you must place two Chests, to set your wounded men on to dress them, one for your self to perform the greater operation on, and the other for your mate to dress slighter wounds on. You are likewise to have by you two Tubs with water; the one to throw am­putated Limbs into until there is conveni­ency to heave them over-board; and the other to dip your dismembring Bladders in, or to wash between each Operation, and for other services.

Let your Instruments likewise both great and small be ready by you on the Platform. And your first intentions must not now be to seek, nor must any one necessary now be missing. As your pulv. restring. acetum Ova, Oyles for Bruises and Burnings; Cordials to give when men faint; Seer-clothes ready spread (for now all fire must be out in the Ship, except Candles and Matches).

Let good store of the largest Candles be placed decently about the Platform to give good light, and instead of fire to warm your Cear-clothes, or heat your Oyles, as you have occasion; and be sure [Page 23] your restrictives be ready mixt, your restri­ctivum Com. in one Bason, and your potenti­al Cautry in another; and your Aqua stiptica Vitrioli in a third, that they may not be to fetch, or mix when you have a pre­sent need to apply them.

By this time I'le suppose the fight is be­gun, and your Ship is ingaged, and woun­ded men begin to be brought down: And first one, who to save his Life, must have his Limbs amputated.

You see part of the Limb carried away by the Shot; as the Hand from the Arm, the Foot from the Leg, or else the Bones so shattered, that should you leave it on, there were no hopes of healing it, nor of saving the mans life. This indicates am­putation, and it is speedily to be done, for 'tis no time now for you to pause up­on it; your main design is to save the mans life; in order to which, two emi­nent purpasses immediately present: The one to take of the Limb, for if that should stay on, life is not long to be expected, [Page 24] the other is to stop the violence of bleed­ing; (for in the Blood is the Life) and if that be not done, the man will immedi­ately dye.

This latter purpose you are first to put in execution (if possible) for 'tis sure the man hath bled too much already, before he could be got down to you; more espe­cially if in a three Deckt Ship, and the man wounded on the upper Deck.

CHAP. II. Teacheth what is to be done by the Chi­rurgeon the next day after the Ingage­ment.

BUT by the way take notice, that it is not fit to open an Amputation under the space of at least three dayes; nor of other great Wounds where there is dan­ger of an Hemorrhage in less than two dayes.

The next morning after the Fight, in the first place provide Victuals for the wounded men: Let your Pot be boyled with Grewel of Oatmeal, Currants, and Spice; and when 'tis ready, let it be sweetned with Sugar, and give thereof to each of them, and let them have it twice a day at least: Then consider what wounds or accidents should be drest this second day, which are such as are burnt with powder, slight Wounds, and all Bruises or Contusions.

These being drest: Think of a vulnerary Drink for the wounded; (especially such as are inwardly bruised, or have penetra­ting wounds.) Now if a man were ashore, [Page 30] decoctum Traumaticum, or Vulnerarium, In­fusus Vulnerarius, or else Spruse Beer, would be very excellent: But you are at Sea, and have not these things, nor can you possib­ly carry with you so many Herbs, Roots, and Seeds as will make them.

These are things that you can carry to Sea with you, and have ready to give a man at an instant. 'Tis true, many of these things are very rich and costly; and 'tis like you expected me to advise you to things of good vertue, and yet of less cost: 'Tis true they are so: but then their Do­ses are not great; and consider that Life is of more worth than the best of them; be­sides, if you know any thing more vulgar and of less value, and yet powerful as to the intention, you may use it, I impose [Page 31] not on you; you are at your liberty; on­ly pardon me if I advise you to the best of Medicines, (although never so costly.) And indeed in this case Balm of Gilead (if you had it) were not too good, I know it to be their only Medicine in Syria, Egypt, and Palestine: They take half a spoonful of it at a time, the Christians in a Glass of Wine, and the Mahometans in their Sherbet, when any of them is bruised, or greatly wounded. And the meaner sort boyl the fruit of the Tree from whence this comes, and drink the Decoction when they are hurt. It sweats out of the Fruit of the Cedar, and is not much unlike thin Tur­pentine both in smell, sight, and taste.

A Merchant in Tripoly in Syria, near Mount Lebanon, shewed me, and gave me both of the Balm, and of the Fruit, when as it was new cut, and brought down from the Mountain at what time the Fruit was sweating out its Balm.

The Fruit is not much unlike the Spruce buds that we see in New found Land, which sweat out such another substance.

This day also you must be providing Cradles for the wounded; you must speak to the Commander to order the Carpen­ter to make them. And in the night time let your Mates take turns, to watch [Page 32] by them, lest any miscarriage should be; but let there be quietness, and as little di­sturbance as possible, for they will have many Visitors.

CHAP. III.

THE second day after the fight, besides your giving men their vulnerary Drink, and dressing the burns and bruses, and slight wounds: See which of the others are costive, or inclining to be Feverish, and give to such an opening, and emolli­ent Clyster to prevent ill things that might ensue.

This is fittest for your occasion; like­wise this day dress all Wounds that you can without fear of their bleeding afresh, which I'le instruct you in anon; but to comply with my promised Method, I'le first shew you to prosecute the cure of the Amputated Wound, and in it of all other amputations.

CHAP. IV. How to prosecute the Cure of the Ampu­tated Wound.

IMagin the third day after the ingage­ment is now come, you must think of opening your Amputations and most dan­gerous wounds: Have your Restringent Major, and your Digestivum Commune rea­dy by you. You will need no fomenta­tion this dressing, for that by its heat might cause fresh bleeding.

These mixed, make an excellent good digestive, which is commonly used. Your restrictives that you applyed at first, will now stick very hard; therefore you must have great care and patience in taking them off. When all's off, apply to the ends of the Vessels some of your Restrictive Pouder whether they bleed or not; and to the end of the Bone a little Pouder of Myrrh on small pledgits of Lint or fine [Page 34] Tow; and over these apply your dige­stive on pledgits all over the end of the stump; then imbrocate the part about with Oyl of Roses, or Hypericon, and so place fit Bolsters, and roul it up for this time.

Now this second dressing need not to be taken off under two dayes, unless some accident happen. When you dress it next, all danger of bleeding will be over, and you may prepare your fomentation to help on digestion, and to recollect the dissipated Spirits. For you will find a discolourati­on about the end of the part, but fear not that; for when by the Fomentation, and Digestivum Commune, Digestion is made, that blackness will vanish. And when you see the end of the part swell much, 'tis so much the better; for the Spirits are retur­ned unto it, and there's less fear of Mor­tification.

Your Fomentation usually is, ‘℞ Herbae Hypericon, Centariae, Absynth. and other Fomentation Hearbs, which you alwayes have ready by you in your Drug Chest; decoct two or three hand­fuls of these in Water, and to the strain­ed Liquor add a good quantity of Spirit [Page 35] of Vinum Commune, ( aliàs Brandy) to make it more strong and lively.’

Have Stuphs of Cotton, or Flannel to wring out of this Liquor, and apply them hot one after one, for a good while toge­ther. Then apply to the end of the bone a small pledgit dipt in tincture of Myrrh hot, and likewise bathe the end of the stump therewith, and so lay to your Di­gestivum Commune on pledgits of fine Tow or Lint. Let your Digestive be moderately warm. When you have digested the Wound sufficiently, and there is no fur­ther danger of Gangreen, then leave off the Common Digestive, but keep still to your Stuphs and Tincture; for those will powerfully forward the healing, to­gether with the Vulnerary Drink that I directed in the Second Chapter; and have a care that he drinks not strong Drink to inflame.

Now Basiticon Minus, and Linamentum Arcei mixt and applyed on your Pledgits warm to the Wound is a very proper Me­dicine, and commonly used; for this both digests and heals: Only let not these touch the end of the Bone, nor yet no Unctions, nor Corrosive thing whatever; but let your small Pledgit dipt in your Tincture [Page 36] of Myrrh, be still next the Bone. For these Unctious things will suffer the moist Humour to fall on the Bone, and that is it that rots and putrifies the Bone, which the Tincture of Myrrh, or Powder of Myrrh doth prevent. And if the Bone should be foul, by this or the Air, or o­ther accident, 'tis but applying your pul­vis Euphorbii. next to the Bone under your other Balsams, and it will delicately scale it. Two or three of these dressings will bring off the great stuff, and you'l have your Wound in a hopeful way of Cur­ing.

Then you may leave of your Unctious medic. and apply only Balsamum Terebin­thine or unguentum Tereb. which will cer­tainly do your work, and heal the Wound as fast as you would have it. And if you took the Cross Stick, you may now cut it and pick it out.

The later of these although 'tis called unguent. Tereb. yet it has no Oylous or Unctious ingredient in it. 'Tis thus made.

That is admirable good for healing, [Page 37] and the Balsam is not inferior, for these may be applyed to the bone it self.

After the Eight at Buda, when the Emperor routed the Turks, I saw in Con­stantinople a Turk that had been wounded there by a brace of Bullets that had been shot through his Arm extreamly shatter­ing both bones Ʋlna and Radius, and this wound after the bloud had been stanch'd, was drest only with alb. ovorum, and Tereb. Cypr. misce; and for all the shatter'd bones were not taken out, and it was now two months since the Fight, yet the bones were not in the least foul, nor was there any ill scent, but extraordinary good and laudable digestion, and the wound inclin­ing to heal, but too fast over the loose bones; and (when at the request of a Merchant) I had laid it open, and taken out the splintred ossicles, the Turk healed it himself with that very medicine; it was almost cured before we parted thence, which was about a fortnight after I had laid it open. This I insert only to confirm your confidence in the unguent. or balsam of Terebenth. which must needs be more effi­cacious than this of the Turks which I have spoke of, considering the ingredients in them added to these. When you have healed it so, as you would have it to cica­trize, [Page 38] then you may at first add to your balsam, desiccatrum rubrum, or diapom­pholigos; and at last use them alone. For these will dry and skin it to your satis­faction. And mind this, that if in the time of Cure the Patient should at any time turn Feverish, besides administring of Clysters, you must open a Vein.

CHAP. V. How to Cure all dangerous Wounds of the Joynts.

WE'le suppose before you have quite done with your dismembred man, there's brought down another, wounded in the Knee, with a Musket Bullet. The Veins, Arteries; and Nerves are wound­ed, and the Cartilages and Bones shatter­ed, and the Bullet sticking in. This is a very dangerous Wound, with intole­rable pain, and a violent efflux of Blood. Here two designs immediately offer; the one to extract the shot and shattered Bones, and the other to stop the Blood.

Here the latter is first to be executed least the man bleed to Death whilst you [Page 39] are doing the other. Your way is to make strong Ligature about the Thigh, so that the blood shall not descend (at leastwise in any great quantity). If such a Wound should happen in the joint of the Hip, where such Ligation cannot be made, it were much more dangerous.

When you have made your Ligature as hard as if it were for dismembering, then with your probe feel for the shot, and with your Forceps or Terebellum extract it. But if it is near through on the further side, Clap a flat pointed strong Probe to it, and with your incision Knife cut it out, thrusting it with your Probe; but be ten­der of the Vessels, or Nerves, and get the splinter'd Bones out in like manner; for if you should not do this now whilst the man is hot, (which must of necessity be done) you'l but very ill do it here­after. If there be some small extramo­sities that should escape you now, 'tis no great matter, you need not spend over much time (which now is precious) they will come to hand at another dres­sing. And if it were a shot that should stay in, if it were a Musculous part, provided the shot were round & not chaw'd nor jag'd, it would not be at all the more dangerous. For I have known when such a Bullet could not [Page 40] be got out, that it hath of it self by its own weight made way lower and lower, to a depending part, where it hath ap­peared through the skin, and there hath been cut out, and hath healed after it all along as it hath descended; this happen­ed to one of our Seamen, when we had Wars with Algier, and fought before Te­dellis in Barbary.

This done, dip your Dorcells in your aqua stiptica, squeeze them, then arm them with your Restringent, and fill the Wound with them; but let no hard Tents be ap­plyed among the Joynts, neither here nor in any other. Apply good Bolsters and make good Bandage, and so give this a Cordial drachm, and lay him by the other; for this is all what can be done at this time, and this wound ought not to be opened in less time than two dayes, un­less accidents inforce you.

The next dressing be cautious how you apply your Fomentation, least it should cause fresh bleeding; but let your dige­stive have powder of Saffron mixt with it, and let it be apply'd on Dorcells into the Wound, then will your digestive be not only suppurative, but also anodine, which is an intention which this Wound ex­treamly [Page 41] requires, as also prevention of other accidents; as Convulsion of the Nerves, Contraction of the Muscles and Fever.

Now as your digestive it in the Wounds so all about the Wound let your Emplast. diasulphuris Rulandi be applied, for that is the most excellent that is yet known for all Wounds of the Joynts, and Nervous parts.

And let there be a strong defensive about the Thigh.

This is a good defensive; and mind this, That when you apply your digestive into the Wound, let either the Balsam or Un­guent of Terebinthina be applyed next the Bone. This manner of Dressing should be used till digestion is effected. And as soon as there is no danger of Bleeding, let your hot and comfortable Fomentation be used, and let your Wound Drink be given inwardly; and let his body be kept open by Clysters as is taught in the amputated Wound.

[Page 42]Your Wound Drink is, ‘℞ Pulv. ad Casum, ʒ jss. and sweat on it, either Syr. de symphito ℥ ij, or San­guis symphiti ssj, or Quint. aristoloch fabri ʒ ij.’

Any of the three given in a Glass of Beer, Ale or Wine, first in the Morning, and last at Night, either alone or mixt together, and Dosed proportionably, no­thing under the Heavens, is (unless Balm of Gilead) more powerful as to this in­tention. When you see it begin to suppu­rate, then apply Balsamum Sulphuris, or Balsaminae to the Nervous parts, for those are the chief of Medicines in that behalf, but let either the Balsam or unguent of Te­reb. be next, or among the Bones; and let every thing be applyed hot and comforta­ble. And let warm Tinctura Myrrhae be your Lotion, and the Emplastr. diasulphuris Rulandi be still applyed warm and cherish­ing all about the Joynt and Part.

This (I am confirm'd) you'l find to be an excellent method of curing Wounds of the Joynts and Nervous parts.

CHAP. VI. How to Cure a Compound Fracture, and Dislocation together.

BY this time let us imagine another is lower'd down to you, who being up aloft knotting the Rigging, a shot came and carried the Rope from under his Feet that he stood upon, and he fell down upon the Deck; and dislocated his Shoulder-Bone, and fractured the Os Brachium, so that the end of one part of the Bone comes through the Flesh and Skin over the other.

This is a notable Accident, and 'tis impossible but that this man must be much bruised inwardly by the fall also.

Your way is to let his Clothes be imme­diately ript off, and seeing how the Case stands, give him immediately a Cordial dram, to revive his Spirits; and then make way to reduce the dislocated Joynt; after embrocate about it with Oleum Rosarum, and clap about it a good Warm Searcloth of Oxycroceum. Let there be a good Bolster placed under the Arm-pit, and firm and decent rouling.

Next go in hand with your compound [Page 44] Fracture, which will be the more difficult to reduce, because of the new Located Joint. Now all dislocations and fractures are reduced either by a slight and sudden Motion, or by a more strong Extension. The joynt of the Shoulder might ('tis like) be done by the former; but this kind of Fracture will require the latter. There must be a powerful extension of this Fracture, because the Ends of the Bones are one over the other. Therefore he that holds the upper part, had need of a good Machine, or Bandage to hold fast by, against him that extends the other way, that he may succour the Shoulder-joynt.

'Tis like too that the Wound may not be wide enough to let the head of the Bone easily return, then you must make incision, but have a care of the Vessels.

When the ends of the Bones are evenly placed, embrocate about the part with Oleum Rosar. and into the Wound apply a small dorcel of Tincture of Myrrh next the Bone, and on that your digestive on ano­ther dorcel; and over all a large Restri­ctive of ‘℞ Bolus verus, Sang. Drac. Mastich, and Oliban. ana parts equal, alb. Ovor. & ace­tum vini, q.s. misce, f. Cataplasm.’ [Page 45] Let it be spread thick on a double cloth, and applyed all about, except on the wound; but on the wound leave a spare place cut out, that it may be come at to be drest: Place on this another bolster wrung out of Acetum, but a spare place likewise in it, that the wound may be come at; then a soft Rouler to come several turns about it, and every valve as it comes over the wound cut; not to the sides (because they may hold fast) but in the middle; on this place a small, but thick bolster on the wound, that may answer the wanting valves. This done, make the smallest part equal to the biggest, with soft bolsters; so place there­on broad and hollow splints opposite to the wound, and on each side it, but not on it; the which let be decently bound on with Tape from joynt to joynt, yet not to touch the Joynt so as to hurt it; nor yet so hard as to cause ill accidents to the wound and fracture. So let his Clothes be put about him, and open a vein in the other Arm, because of his inward contusi­on; that it may hinder the coagulation of the blood. Lay this by the rest for this time, and when you see occasion, give him of the wound drink as you do the others. You must note, if this had been but a simple fracture, you must on the single [Page 22] Rouler, and over all have made use of two Roulers more; the one must have be­gun with two or three turns about the fracture, and you must then have rouled upwards, with the valves something close, to anticipate a defluxion of humours, and the other after two or three turns about the fracture must have been lead down­wards with the valves more open, and af­ter turn'd a cross at the lower Joynt, and so rouled up again to the other; there to end; and see the Arm made even with Bol­sters, and the Splints applyed, this should not be removed under 6 or 7 dayes, unless accidents urged; and if heat or pain should, then it were but undoing it carefully, and bathing it with warm water; and then ap­lying an Oxicrocium Sear-cloth about it, and so roul it up again, and let it remain: But this Compound Fracture admits of no such rouling; but there must be much more care and trouble about it.

The next dressing of your Compound wound; which must not be under two (if not three) dayes time: You must take off all to the single Rouler, but let it, and all under it remain longer, (unless some ac­cidents have hapned) Take off the small bolster of the wound, and take out the Dorcels: Let all be done with great care [Page 23] and gentleness, least you displace what you before reduced. Cleanse the wound with hot Tincture of Myrrhae, then drop into it hot Balsam of Terebenth, and apply dor­cels into it dipt in the same; on these a bolster, and so make it up again as it was before. Use this manner of dressing till accidents, or time cause you to take off the restrictive

When you take it off, bathe it, and stuph it well with your hot Fomentation, but have a care of displacing the Fracture; then apply an Oxicrocium Plaster warm all over, only on the wound let it be cut as the restrictive before was; and this will help on a Callous, and the Bone to ce­ment, and is an approved thing for Fra­ctures, and very Anodine; then let it be made up in every respect as it was before, and continue this manner of dressing to the end: And when you can with safety, you may take off the Sear-cloth from the Shoulder, and bathe and stuph that well and hot to strengthen it, and so apply ano­ther Oxicrocium Sear-cloth to it again.

Be sure in such cures as these, to keep a cool and open Body, and breathe a Vein, not only once, but oftner.

CHAP. VII. How to cure a wound of the Head, with a Fracture of the Scul.

ANother comes down with his Head wounded, and Scul fractured, which often happens in time of Fight, by a small Shot or Splinter: I met with several such in the last Holland Wars: Some the Cutis Muscula, not only much wounded, but the Scul fractured, so as the Dura mater hath been bare. Others again have had but a slight wound of the outer part, but the Scul hath had a small Fracture or Fissure; and this latter is worser than the former.

The former you see fairly, and by dila­ting a little with your Incision Knife of the Scalp wider than the Wound, you ea­sily take out any loose Splinters that might prick the Meninges:

But the latter, When you have laid bare the Scul, (the which it is not safe to neg­lect, upon the least symptoms) you will scarcely see at this time if there be a Fra­cture or no: For indeed some have not immediately their Speech taken away, nor yet Vomit, nor Bleed at the Ears or Mouth, [Page 49] nor (whilst they are hot) have such signs of a Fracture as other some have.

However the best way is, If you have but any suspition, to lay the Bone bare, and the worst that can fall by that, is but healing it again, if there be not a Fracture; but if there should be one, the neglect thereof were dangerous.

Shave the Head (at least waies a conve­nient breadth about the wound) that no­thing may hinder your Applications, but that you may decently dress it: Whether it is the greater or lesser Fracture, if it hath done bleeding, dress it with hot Tin­cture of Myrrhae on Dorcels, especially next the bone; but if it bleeds much, apply on the Dorsel of Tincture your, Restrictive on other Dorsels, and over all, when you have imbrocated all about with Oyl of Ro­ses, or Hypericon; apply a thick double Bolster, and so make good bandage for the present, and let him not drink Brandy, nor other liquor that will inflame.

The next dressing, whether it be the first or second day after this, have your Stuphs ready to wring out of hot Spirit of Wine, and apply them.

You'l find now not only by Symptoms, but you will likewise see (if you look dili­gently,) whether there is a Fracture or [Page 50] no; if there be, and the man hath grie­vous pain of his Head, and redness of Eyes, Vomits, spits Blood, 'tis a sign that the brain is concussed, and the contused blood would have vent, and hath not by reason of the smallness of the Fracture.

To do this;

Having with your Sculpra removed the Pericranium clearly, apply the Traphine, Let it be, (if it can) something beneath the Fracture, that the blood may be bet­ter evacuated.

When you are through the first Table, take out your Pin, and then work gently through the second; but with a steady hand, and great care, lest the teeth of the Tra­phine should tear the Dura Mater. When you are almost through, try if the small piece in the hallow of the Traphine be loose, if it is, then the Teeth are just through: Now have a care of the Meninges, and take out the piece; but mind that you ap­ply not your Traphine on the temporal Bones, Sutures, or Sinciput; and with your Lenticula smooth the Perforation, and when with fine Lint or Tow you have cleansed the work, place a smooth lawn Cylendula, dipt in warm Tincture of Myrrh between the Dura Mater, and the other applications. Or this, Let small fine [Page 51] Dorcels be dipt in the same Tincture, and applyed, filling the wound of the Bone therewith. But to the rest of the wound on that, Balsamum Terebinthinae is the fittest Medicine, let it be applyed warm on Dor­sels, and on it, and over all the head, when it hath been imbrocated with warm Oyl of Roses, or Hypericon, let a Plaister of Paracelsus, or Betonica be warm ap­plyed, then clap a good double Bolster over the wound, with a plate, or broad piece of silver in it, to hinder that the Du­ra Mater swell not out of the Scull, (for it will be apt to Tumifie:) Let there be a warm double cloth about all the head, and with a double head rouler make smooth and decent head rouling; and let him be laid as free from noise as possible, which is very hard to do in a ship. The same manner of dressing, (the Traphine only ex­cepted) is to be used in the greater fracture: If there be some asperities and unevenness in the edges of the bone, be cautious how you use your capital Instrument (as Raspi­tory, File, Saw, or the like) with them, and great care you may do good; but with this method of dressing, as I directed, you'l find the bone to exfoliate it self to your satisfaction in a little time.

[Page 52]When the Brain and Meninges are well, and the fissure Cements with a Callous, and the perforation, or great Fracture do heal up with a substance, then you may leave off the Cylendula, and after washing the Wound with your Tincture, apply the Balsam only into it, or at least Liniment arcei, and so the rest as before: But mind in this, and all such wounds to open a Vein often, and keep the Body open by Clysters, and let your wound drink be given him; either of the three Medicines in the last Chap. or Pulv. ad Casum: ʒi ss. at a time in Beer, Ale, or Wine, either alone, or mixt with Syr. Myrtles, causing the Patient to sweat upon it.

CHAP. VIII. How to Cure Wounds of the Abdomen and Ruptures.

ANother by a Splinter hath the rim of his belly dilacerated, insomuch as that the Omentum appears, and the wound is large. This is a dangerous Wound also: Here you must immediately make firm [Page 53] stitching, (and the same you must do if it were any deep incised Wound.) Let it be with a delicate slender Needle, not too burly, arm'd with strong double silk, drawn through your Paracelsus, or other plaister, as if it were Wax. Let not your stitches be too close, but that there may be room for the blood or matter to come forth, especially in the depending part: This done, foment it hot with common Spirit of Wine, and then having some of your Restrictive mixt with Oyl of Mirtles, apply it on a double cloth, and so make good rouling, giving him a Cordial, and lay him for present by the others; and see you give him of the Vulnerary drink, ei­ther of the Symphitum; or Aristolach, or Pulvis ad Casum mentioned in the last Chap­ter; and now if Liquor Salis gemae, gut. iij. or iiij. be added in the drink, it will be much the better; for it is a great secret in wounds and Ruptures of the Belly. When you dress it again, be sure you bathe and stuph it well and hot; first with your fo­mentation, and then with Liquor seu Balsa­mum saelis gemae, and Tincture of Myrrh. Now to digest this wound, as also to heal and preserve it from gangrene, use Balsa­mum Vulnerarium Salmonis; (or Balsammae, with oyl of Wax:) or Balsamum Hispani­cum; [Page 54] let it be laid on thick, and hot on Dorcels; and let Emplastrum diasulphuris rulandi, or Paracelsus, or ad herniam Schrod. be applyed hot and large over it, to com­fort the whole Abdomen; and all the dressings following stuph it well with hot Tincture of Myrrhe, for that is a soveraign Medicine. See that his body is kept solu­ble with Clysters of decoct Com. pro Clyst. Cum Electo Len. and let him blood, if any thing of a Fever appears.

Were there a Rupture without a Wound by lifting of a Gun, or other weight: Then the place ought to be stuft well with your vulnerary fomentation, and then with Balsamum salis Gemae, then Emplastrum ad herniam Schroderi malax'd with a little oyl of Wax, and so good bolster and rouling

If the Caul should fall into the Scrotum, together with this, there should be a Truss, which together with the Rupture drink of Sang. Symp. ℈j and iij or iiij drops of Li­quor salis Gemae, in Ale, or Wine, or the others.

CHAP. IX. How to Cure a penetrating Wound of the Breast, and Ribbs, or Back.

ANother in bording of the Enemy has a Pike run in at his Breast, and goes slanting among his Ribs, but misseth the Vitals: This is another dangerous wound.

First give the man a Cordial to revive his Spirits; then having searched gently which way the wound goeth, dip a small tent in Aqua stiptica Vitrioli, and the glare of an Egg beaten together, this will stop the bleeding powerfully: Have great care lest your Tent should touch the Vitals, and let it be but slender, a bolster squeezed out of the same Liquor, and applyed: This wound must be kept open by all means, otherwise it will quickly heal outwardly, and there will be an Empyema inwardly; and when you dress it next, wash it with Tincture of Myrrhae, and quint. aristoloch. fabri, with a Syringe, but let the Patient be placed so, as the wound may be lowest, that what is syringed into it; as also the matter may come forth of it, and let him lye so in his Cabbin or Cradle. Let the [Page 56] Tents be armed with Balsum Vulnerum sal­mon, anoint all the region of the breast, with oyl of hypericon, and apply all over a good warm Emplaster of Paracelsi: This is the right way to digest and heal this kind of wound; but mind if it runs much matter, and yet offers to heal too fast outwardly: Then keep it open whatever you do, until the bottom is first well healed. Here the wound drink must be observed, Clysters likewise, and Phlebotomy, for in all pene­trating Wounds and bruises, I expect the inward vulneraries to do as much towards the cure, as the external applications.

CHAP. X. How to Cure a Wound by a small shot, through a Fleshie, or Musculous part.

IF the Bullet is not through, yet almost through, you are taught how to cut it out in the Fifth Chapter, or else how to extract it. This I look upon as an ordinary Wound, although never so deep: I'le imagine the shot went in through the thick of the Thigh, a little below the Groyne, [Page 57] and out (or cut out) in the hinder part of the hip. You are first to stop the Blood, Take a cupple of Tents dipt in Aqua stip­tica, and then rouled in your restringent Pouder, and put one in at the one Ori­fice, and the other at the other; and let them be so long, as almost to meet, but not quite; and if but one Tent, let it not be so long as the wound is deep, and as the wound heals, make your Tent shorter by degrees, and apply about the Thigh your Restrictive Communis, mentioned in the Fifth Chapter, or Diapalma Malaxed, with oyl of Roses. When you dress this wound next, use your Common Digestive, or your Tents; only stuph it well with your fo­mentation, and let Tinctura Myrrhae be your lotion, which inject with your Sy­ringe. When there is good Digestion, then Basilicon minus for a while on yo r Tents, and at last Linimentum arcei, making your Tents shorter and shorter as the wound heals: You will know how it incarns by a reddish speck, which you will see on the end of your Tent when you take it out, and on all the rest of the Tent pure quitter. If this man be feaverish, you may open a Vein in the time of his cure; and if costive, give him Clysters; and to facilitate his Cure, let him have of the wound Drink.

CHAP. XI. How to Cure a Wound of the Fleshy Parts, with loss of substance.

NOW I'll suppose a Man has a great part of the Galf of his Leg carried away by a great shot. Here first you take thick Dorsels or Pledgits, and squeeze them out of aqua stiptica vitrioli, then arm them either with your restrictive ready mixt, or with restringent powder alone; You apply these, and good Bolster and Rouler at present, laying him with the part higher than the Body.

Next dressing it will not be proper to use the hot Fomentation, for 'tis like there is an aptness to bleed: But let your com­mon digestive be applyed, and a defensive, of Diach. Sym. & Ol. Ros. all about and a­bove the wound. When you have the blood securely stopt, let Tincture de Myrhae be your Lotion, and the next dres­sing your Fomentation must be applyed hot, to recal the Spirits back, for it's much if you do not see a miss of them.

If either the shot has grazed on the bone, or the flesh is so carried away that the bone is seen; let Ʋnguent Terebinth. [Page 59] be applyed next it, but to the rest (when 'tis well digested) Basilicon; and when you would have it incarn faster, Diapom­pholigos mixed; or Balsamum Vulnerarium, which is excellent.

If spungious flesh arise, you may correct it with Merc. praecipitatum, or Alumen Ʋstivum, or wash the wound with Liquor Sa­lutis, or Liquor Vulnerarius Schroderi, mixt with a sufficient quantity of Spiritus vini vitriolati, will make firm and speedy heal­ing. Let both Clysters, wound drink, and Phlebotomy be minded here likewise, and then the wound will heal more speedi­ly and kindly.

You are taught in the Chapter of an Amputated Wound, how to bring it to a Cicatrize.

CHAP. XII. How to Cure a deep incised Wound.

ADmit a man has got a great cut on the Face with a Back-sword or Cutlis, so that the fleshy part of his Cheek hangs down; you are immediately to stitch this [Page 60] wound, and being it's in the Face, close the Lips of it very even: Let your Needle be fine and slender, that there may not be an ugly scar afterward.

The best thing to lay first to this wound when 'tis stitcht, is Pulvis Thuraloes cum Pilis Leporinis, minutissimum incisorum mixt with the glare of an egg, and applyed on fine Lint or Towe, let it stick on till it comes off it self: But if it has done bleed­ing, wash it well with Wine, or Spirit of Wine, and apply Balsamum Hispanicum fa­bricii, or that of Dr. Salmons, and lay a Paracelsus Plaister over all, and a good Bolster, and so roul it up decently. This latter will go nigh to heal the wound at a dressing by agglutination.

CHAP. XIII.. How to Cure great and deep Contusions, or Bruises, without, any eminent Wound, and sprains of the Joynts.

IF a Man hath got a bruise, and it is but superficial, whether of the Limbs or any other part, tis cured by embroca­ting [Page 61] hot, and often with Oyl of Hypericon, and applying a Paracelsus, or Opodeldoch Plaister. But if it is deep, and the Vessels distorted, and the Muscles bruised and writhen, so that there is blood lying deep between the Muscles 'tis dangerous.

I saw such a thing before Tripoly in Bar­bary, when we had wars with that place. A Ship coming to an Anchor, and the Ca­ble running out, a Kink therein happened to disaster a Mans Leg, in this manner: The Chyrurgion Embrocated it with good Oyls, and applyed good Emplasters to it, but for all that the blood that was forced out of the Vessels lay deep, and it could not be discussed, but waxed worse, and in four days time Gangrened; the Chyrur­gion seeing that, sent for other Chyrur­gions (and me among the rest) on board, but whilst we were making ready to ampu­tate it, the Man dyed. In such a case as this, let blood as soon as you have Embro­cated it with hot Oyl of Hypericon, and applyed your Emplaster, both about the contused Muscles, and likewise about the distorted or sprained Joynt, and be sure that you make plentiful Phlebotomy, for that will be a great help; and let the wound-drink be drank plentifully, and that is another good help. Bathe and [Page 62] stuff the part well and hot (likewise) with spiritus vini communis, let this be done often, and let your hot Oyl and Emplaster be not only once a day (as is usual) but if you mean to save a mans Life or Limb, let them be often apply'd.

If you find for all this, that the pain increases, and the Tumor likewise, then endeavour to bring it to maturation as soon as possible, for if you cannot do this, there will be a Gangrene, (especially if it be sultry Weather, as I remember was then at Tripoly.) Now use no repellents, nor any thing to cool inflammation, but apply this maturative Cataplasm follow­ing, ‘℞ Ʋnguent. Basilic. Major. de Muslagin. Empl. melilot symp. q. s. misce. fiat Ca­taplasma.’

There is no Cataplasm whatever more excellent than this to bring any manner of Tumour to digestion; besides, 'tis made in an instant. Continue the repeating of this hot Cataplasm, till you see the Tumor rise fairly for a head; and when you see its ready, stay not for its breaking, but open it by incision, in the depending part to let out the abundance of goary matter, [Page 63] that it foul not the Bone, or a Gangrene sieze inwardly. When it has run well, cleanse it with that excellent Lotion, Spi­ritus vini vitriolati. Or if it putrified about the Bone, Tincture of Myrrhe syring'd into it is excellent. And on your Dorcels or Tents, Balsamum vulnerarium Salmonis is now very proper; and over all a diach. plaister or deminum malax'd with Oyl of Roses is now of good use. But let the spreined joynt be still embrocated with Oleum exce­strense, or Hypericon, and an Oxicrocium Seercloth apply'd warm about it.

CHAP. XIV. How to Cure a Gangrene.

BUT if for all this it would not digest, but a Gangren happens, then imme­diately make deep scarification all over; (only have a care of the Nerves) and let out the clotted Blood in abundance.

Then foment it with a strong Lixivium, made of ‘ [Page 64]Wood ashes, in which decoct your Fomenta­tion herbs, then add a sufficient quan­tity of Spirit of Wine, and as much Sal armoniacum, and common Salt, as will make it as strong as pickle.’

Foment with this hot and long, which will get out the Blood, and prepare for the other Medicines.

Heat them, and with your armed probe, dipt in them, touch the scarifications to the very bottom. And be sure you have scarified as far as the part is Gangren'd. And over this apply Pledgets arm'd with hot Egyptiacum, and Spirit of Wine, and Ol. Guaiac. misce, and so do it up. This will make him feel if he has any feeling in it, and you need dress thus but once, for it will cause a thick and deep Esker or hard Scurff; and stop the proceeding of the Gangrene. And give him inwardly such Medicines as will conduce to stop a Gan­grene, and oppose all Venom or Poyson that may infect the Blood.

Nothing is more powerful in this Case than this is.

Next dressing, let your hot Lixivium still be applyed; and apply on your Pled­gets onely hot Basilicon, to soften and get of the Esker, at two or three dressings you'l see it to digest, and the dead to se­parate from the quick. And let not Phle­botomy be wanting, nor Clysters if you see occasion. It would scare a man to see what an ugly black scurff is on it, but by thus dressing of it, you will see it first part or open a little about the sides be­tween the dead part and the living; and at last come all off together with digestion under it. Then Aqua Phagadenica is an excellent Lotion. And Liquor Salutis, or Vulnerarium Scroderi; with oleum Guaicum, and spirit of Wine apply'd hot on Dorcels will heal it to admiration. But if it is turn'd to a Sphasulus, nothing stops it but Amputation.

CHAP. XV. How to Cure Burns or Scalds.

IT falls out often that either by a Car­tridge of powder or otherwise, men are in a Fight lamentably burn'd. I have known some so burn'd that the very Nerves and Tendons have shrunk; causing great Inflamations, Feavers and other grievous Symptoms. For whatever part of the Body that happens unto, it dryes up the moisture of that part. Causing (if the burn be great) an Escar with intolerable pain.

You have at present a two-fold scope to endeavour, that is, to fetch out the burn­ing, and ease the pain.

First anoint him all over where the burning is, with ‘℞ Alb ovor. and Oyl of Roses and Lini, beaten together.’

Then on soft Cloth spread unguent. & alb. populion; misce.

Let it be thick spread and often dressed, for this is a sore that will soon dry up the [Page 67] Humidity of the Medicines, and if Blisters arise, cut them, that the hot and scald­ing water may not ulcerate deeper under them. Let this kind of dressing be used till the fire's out, but as soon as you per­ceive the heat to mitigate, have a care how you apply too cooling things to it any longer, for fear of a Gangrene, but now endeavour digestion.

Ʋnguent. Basilicon Minus either alone, or mixed with Balsamum Balsaminae is the fittest Medicine.

Be sure here to mind the mans body, for heat will make him Costive; give him Clysters, and let him blood (if the burn be deep) for he will be Feverish. When you see it digests, then ‘℞ Oleum Cerae, Lini, & ex vitel, ovor. misce; are an excellent Balsam.’

Or Balsamum Balsaminae and spirit Gua­iac. misce, will infallibly cure although the Nerves are contracted. If the face be burn'd, pick out the Corns of powder with your Needle, some each dress [...]ng. And mind this, that in these burnt Ulcers, you bind not too hard, but let things lye easie on, and when you anoint, let it be with a Feather.

CHAP. XVI. How to Cure a violent Bleeding at Nose.

IT comes often that men are taken with a violent bleeding at Nose. Divers ways men have used to stop it, and that which has stop'd one mans bleeding has not stopt anothers. Some apply wet Clothes dipt in acetum to the Privities, others make Ligature about the Joynts; some apply cold Iron to the neck, and o­thers stop the Nose with restringent Dor­cels.

Now the Veins are eroded within the Os Cribratum, so that your Tent will not come to touch the place, and the other means do often fail. When you have fill'd his Nostril with the Dorcel, the blood comes into the Mouth through the infundibulum, insomuch as he will spit it out at the Mouth.

Now your way is, to let the Patient forcibly snuff up his Nostril, Aqua stiptica Vitrioli, and by that it will go to the e­roded place. Let him do this often, then put up a Dorcel dip'd in the same; not [Page 69] too hard, to fill up the Nostril, but wet so as he may snuff the water at the end of the dorcel, and so let the dorcel stay there. And in the mean time, let him blood to make revulsion, and by this means it will stop. But for the better security, let him drink this following; ‘℞ Aqua Papaveris. syr. mirtinorum ana ℥ ij, aqua stiptica Vitrioli gut. xx. Tin­ctura papaveris & Hyosciami, balsam. Phylosophorum, ana gut. vj. fiat potus.’

Any one of these afore-named Medi­cines (especially the aqua stiptica vitrioli) in Poppy-water is very powerful of it self to stop the bleeding, (if you have not them all) you may give of it per se to xxx drops.

A Bolus of Thriac Lond. Nova ʒj with Sanguis symphiti ℈j, is likewise approved. Some apply this acollemata to the Frons and Temples.

Spread this thick and apply it, it power­fully [Page 70] stops blood not only at Nose, but likewise any other part; and dissolves blood and dryes it up, that is gathered into any part by a Fall or Bruise.

CHAP. XVII. How to Cure a Rheumatisme.

THis Distemper called a Rheumatisme, I have often observed Seamen to be afflicted with in ships that I have been in: 'Tis like the Gout, but not the Gout; it siezeth about the Joynts of the Feet, or Hands, or both; and if a flatulent vapour be stird up with it, it shifts out of one joynt to another, and is called the running Gout: There is sometimes a light read­ness, with small Tumour, and swoln Veins about the Joynts that it siezeth.

He that hath it, hath lamentable pain and misery, especially in the night. It never is seen to break, (although I believe by ill handling it would) for I saw the Gout broke under a Gentlemans foot by the application of Cataplasms; and together with the virulent matter, there came forth [Page 71] like white seeds in abundance, harder than the matter; by which a man may see what a prodigious humour the Gout is of.

I could never find that Purging, or Sweating would do any good in this disease, but rather exasperate it; and drinking of Wine is an Enemy to it; for most of them that I have seen have it, have got it by drinking over much raw Wine, and then lying down in the cold to sleep, whence the Humours plethorick have not had that expiration through the pores of the skin as they should, and the humours could not receive the third concoction for want of heat; so Nature expels the raw humour to the outward or extream parts: And at the Joynts the Crude humours make a stop, and the blood makes not so good a circu­lation as it should: This then is a Rheu­matisme.

Now bleeding is the principal remedy in this grief, not only once but often, and a good large quantity at a time. The best of Oyles or Oyntments, whether hot or cold, I could never find to do any good; and Emplasters have signified as much as nothing. Bathe the part well with Liquor antipodagricus Minsichti, or aqu. Arthritica Quercitani: Then embrocate it with the quintissence of Colocynthidos fabri, and An­timony. [Page 72] I say, with the often bathing and chasing in of these Medicines, and frequent use of Phlebotomy; and when pain is insufferable, taking inwardly five or six grains of that excellent Nepenthae.

There will be present ease, and speedy cure; so if a man hath a fit of the Gout or Sciatica on board, although he doth not expect you to cure him, yet he would be glad of ease if you can give it him; and you have no better way than this to do it.

CHAP. XVIII. How to Cure setled Pains in any part, Old Aches from former Bruises, Cramp, stifness of Sinews and Cricks in the Back, numbness of the Limbs and Joynts.

MEn often at Sea complain to you of these things, especially in cold Cli­mates, and against bad Weather, and will ask you for something of an Oyl or Sear-cloth to ease them.

If it be Cold, Cramp, Numbness, sweat them well, with Methridate, or Venus Treacle: Then foment the grieved part [Page 73] with hot Spiritus vini Communis, and Oyle of Sulphur; for these will certainly give relief. If it be a Crick in the back, or old bruises, after this, embrocate well with Oleum ex­cestrence, or Lumbricorum, and then Em­plastrum de galbano Crocato laid warm on, is the best means that can be used; and for stiffness of the sinews, Oleum Vulpinum, or Ʋnguent Martiatum, have not their fel­lows: Or, that Liquor Antipodagricus ba­thed on any part, or for any pain hot, and a stuph wrung out of it laid often on, assu­redly doth your work.

CHAP. XIX. How to Cure the Squinzie.

SEamen are afflicted with this Disease as well as those at Land; it is an inflama­tion of the Muscles of the Throat, with Tumour both outward and inward: 'Tis a distemper of Plethory, and suffocates a man in a little time, if not remedied. Here bleed­ing is immediately required, first under the Tongue, then in the Jugulers or Arm, and let it be frequently celebrated, and a consi­derable [Page 74] quantity; for this is a main thing in this Cure. Together with bleeding, either keep the Body open with Clysters: As,

The Common Decoction, and Lenitivum, or Tinctura solutiva ℥j inwardly, which is an excellent Medicine for that purpose.

Externally bathe it well with acetum vini albi, wherein Sal prunellae, salarmoniacum, A­lumen Crudum are dissolved, and some drops of Oyl of Sulphur, or Vitriol are mixed: Add to some of this Syrrup Diamoron, and gargle it in the mouth often, and it will abate the inward Tumour and Inflamation of the Tonseils and Throat, then apply Emplastrum Hyrundinis to the outward Tu­mour: 'Tis this, ‘℞ Nido Hirund, alb. Graecum ana ℥ j. figgs, dates, ana N ^o 3. flor Chamo. pulv. Lini, & fenug. ana ʒ vj. decoct in aqu. Com. then add Ʋnguent. dealthea ℥ ij. Oyl violar. ℥ j. Croc. Angl. ℈ j. Vitel Ov. N ^o 1. f. Cataplasma’

This, with the Gargarisme, and Lotion, and Phlebotomy, cures the greatest Squinzy.

CHAP. XX. To Cure the Relaxation of the Ʋvula's and Amygdalas.

SOmetimes by cold men have their Al­monds of the Ears down, and their Collumella relaxed by a moist Rhume di­stilling on them from the Brain. The best way to cure this, is to sweat the man well, to dry up that Rheume that descends: A dram or two of Lon. Treacle in a glass of Wine is a good Medicine, and let him wrap his Stockins about his neck, and keep his head warm, and sweat when he is turned in. Some blow restringent pouder upon the Uvula, with their Uvula Spoon; others dip their wet Thumb in pouder of Pepper, and stroak on them; but the best way is to make a Gargle, with lign. Guaic. in pure white Wine, and gargle often with it; and put some Spirit of Guaicum in your Uvula Spoon, and blow it forcibly on the Amyg­dals and Uvula, for these will powerfully dry and constringe: When this is done, then stroaking them up gently with the hands outwardly, is very serviceable. If any bone, or other thing stick in the throat [Page 76] and cannot be extracted with the forceps, it must be thrust down with your Instru­ment of Whalebone, with a small pellet of spunge fastned to the end of it.

CHAP. XXI. To Cure the Tooth-Ach.

THE Quintessenses of Cloves and Colo­cynthis, are great arcanums as to the Tooth-ach: But Ol. Odontalgicum Sal­monis is now found the best of all. A small Pellit of Lint dipt therein, and put into the Tooth, with your Fleme. It causes the Rheume to fall away, and the Teeth to leave aching: If it be a cold Rhume, you would do well to sweat the Man, with Lond. Thriac. If hot, a grain of laud given inwardly, doth a great deal of good, and let him lay down his head, but hollow, and rotten Teeth are best drawn out.

CHAP. XXII. Of Opthalmias, or Suffusions; and Pearls on the Eyes.

AN Opthalmia is a Disease wherein the eyes, either one or both have a Rhume descended into them of Blood and Choler, whence Pin, Web, Film, or Pearl generally comes.

There is Liquor Opthalmicus, & Aqua Opthalmica Schroderi, are excellent Eye-waters. But that Aqua Opthalmica Salmo­niana is most approved of now: It doth not only cure all manner of Rheumatick and blood-shot eyes, and dry up their Sores, but takes off Pearls and Filmes, by washing the Eyes therewith, 'Tis good here to let blood, if it be of Plethory, but if of Cacochymia to purge the head with Pil extractum rudij ʒss. Some help to di­vert the rheume by blisters behind the ears, and in the Neck: Others make a Seaton in the Neck. Unguentum Tutiae mixt with Diapompholigos, and applyed on Linnen double clothes to the Eyes all Night, and washt off in the Morning with white Rose water, doth greatly help to cure the Eyes.

CHAP. XXIII. Deafness, stoppage of the Ears, Pain, and Imposthume.

IF the Deafness be not Natural, but come accidentally, and yet there be no stop­page by ear-wax, then spirit Otalgicus dropt warm into the Ears morning and evening, and Muskified Cotton after it, is the best of Remedies: But if the Ear be stopt with hard wax, then put oyl of Camomil into it two or three times a day, for 2 or 3 days: At last take warm White Wine, and sy­ringe it often and forcibly into the Ear, and there will come forth a lump of hard Wax out of the auditory passage; then stop the Ear with the Spiritus Otalgicus, and Muskified Cotton, as before: If there be an imposthume, then Balsamus Polychre­stus mynsichti, is of excellent use dropt in­to the Ear, and Cotton after it: giving inwardly, Antimo. Diaphoreticum cum Tar­tar, gr. x, or xv, given in Spirit of Guai­cum for three or four dayes together.

CHAP. XXIV. Of the Piles, and Procedentia Ani.

THE Piles is a troublesome thing, and painful, so that a man cannot do his labour but in misery.

It is a benefit of Nature, and is not to be expected to be cured so as never to re­turn, especially whilst a man is in his mans estate, and full of Blood.

The best way is to make the Body open and laxative, that there may be no strain­ing with Tinctura solutiva, or Syr. rosarum solu. ℥j or two: After this, either Ʋnguen­tum Hemorhoidalae, or Oleum Scrophulariae, are excellent Medicines; but Oleum Succi­num anointed on never fails, you may mix it with Oleum Lini. Inwardly xx or xxx drops of Aqua st ptica vitrioli in warm Wine or Poppy-water is very prevalent. If the Anus be proceeded, bathe it with warm Wine, then strow flower of Mastick on it, and return it, and bind it so as it may take a habit to stay up.

CHAP. XXV. For Boyles and Felons.

TO ripen these Boyles and Felons, ap­ply this Cataplasme.

Apply this warm and often, till it is ready, then stay not its breaking, but open it: Cleanse it with Liquor Vulnerarius schroderi & Spiritus vini vitriolati, Ana. part. equal. This will not only mundifie, but applyed warm on Dorcels, heals it to admiration. You may at last use Balsamum Tereb. Simp. and about it a Diachalon cum Gum. plaster.

Note, That if it should be a Pestilen­tial Carbuncle, then add to the Cataplas­ma, Emplast. Magneticum Hartmanni; for then it will not only ripen it) but power­fully draw out the Venome, and Elixir Pesti­lentiale Crollij ʒss. in the morning fasting.

CHAP. XXVI. A Phlegmonous Tumour.

SOmetimes from Plethory there ariseth a Sanguine Tumour in some part.

If it be in the emunctory, or any part where Nature is designed to exonerate it self of its too great a quantity of Blood; apply no repellents, only let blood plen­tifully at first, and apply a discussive and emollient Cataplasme.

The Emollient Emplaster is thus made, ‘℞ Oxicroc. ℥ ij. diach. simp. & Composit & Melilot. an. ℥ j. cum Ol. Camom. Misce.’

If you see it inclines to suppuration, and will out, your way is to apply a suppera­ting Cataplasm as this: ‘℞ Ʋnguent. Basil. majoris, unguent. Scabiosae valentiae, e Mucilaginibus, & Melilot, Symp. & Comp. f. Cataplasma.’

[Page 82]This will bring it to speedy suppuration, being applyed very warm and often.

When it has run well, absterge and heal it with Spirit. Vini Vitriolati; for that apply­ed hot either with Syringe, or on Pledgits or Dorcels, certainly heals it from the bottom: or Balsum Tereb. simplex, and all over let be an Emplaster of Diachalon Magnum.

If there is any thing of malignancy in the Tumour, then mix your maturative with Emplast. Magneticum Hartmanni; as in the last Chap. and inwardly give him of Elixir Pestilentiale Crollij ʒs. in the morn­ing fasting.

CHAP. XXVII. Of an Erysipelas and Cholerick pushes.

SOmetimes there are sudden inflations, bubling Cholerick pushes, and erisipelas Ulcers, as Ignis sacer, or Wild-fire, a sharp inflamation; here Oleum Rosaceum Omphacinum, is of excellent use; more espe­cially if Liquor Tutiae Mynsichti be first ba­thed well on the place; and if the Chole­rick Ulcers are yet more deep, mix with [Page 83] your Omph. ros. Oleum unguent diapompholigos, and apply it: Let Blood, and purge Cho­ler: As, ‘℞ Syr. ros. solut. ℥ j. quintessentia Coloc. ℥ j. give it in any proper vehicle.’

'Tis an excellent purpose to the intenti­on, and so is Cariostinum Electu. ℥ s. in the morning fasting.

CHAP. XXVIII. Of Phlegmatick Tumours and Ʋlcers.

A Phlegmatick Tumour is long ari­sing, and not very painful: such are Struma's and Scrophula's: in the Limbs it pitts. First purge Phlegm and watry humours: As, ‘℞ Quintessentia Turpethum ʒ j. Tinctura salis Tartari gr. x. Magisterium salis gr. viij.’ Mix these in Rhenish Wine, or Sack, and let him drink it in the morning fasting, not only once but often.

[Page 84]Let his Drink be as followeth: ‘℞ Sarsaper. Guaic. an. ℥ viij. Gum. Guaic. ℥j. Succ. Liquoriciae ℥ iiij. Rectified Spirit of Wine lb viij, mix, digest twenty dayes, decant and keep it for use.’

Let him drink of this two spoonfuls in a glass of Wine at night when he turns in, and a spoonful at other times; this is the best drying dyet Drink in the World; not only for this, but the Pox, or Plague, or Scurvy. 'Tis called Liquor alexipharmicus seu scorbuticus.

To the part it self apply a hot fomenta­tion or Lixivium; strong Spirit of Wine applyed on with warm stuphs is excellent: Then, ‘℞ Emplast. de galbano Crocato & ad To­phos, ana part. equal.’

To make it into a Cataplasmick consistence add unguent▪ de althaea. 'Tis the most ex­cellent as yet known for this purpose.

If it was an Ulcer before you saw it, together with these means, apply into the Ulcer, ‘ [Page 85]℞ Liquor. vulnerarium schroderi, or Li­quor. Salutis.’

Let the Ulcers be well washed with these, or either of them; either by Sy­ringe, or otherwise: Then arm your Dorsels or Tents with Balsam. Vulner. Salmon. and dip them in one of these Li­quors, and put them in hot, and on them the above-named Emplaister, and so make decent rouling, which last is a great help in the Cure of these Ulcers.

CHAP. XXIX. Of Cancers, Schirrhous Tumors, Phaga­denick Ʋlcers and Fistulaes.

HEre you must use the same dyet drink as in the former Chapter. And ei­ther to dissolve or ripen these Tumours; to the other Emplasters there mentioned, add, Emplastrum schirrhosum Salmonis.

Then have you the best resolvent or maturative of malignant and rebellious Tumours that ever was invented. And if [Page 86] they be Ulcers, Aqua Phagadaenica, either of it self, or mixt with Spiritus Vini, is the chiefest Medicine to bathe and stuff the Ulcers with. Then Balsamum Vulnerarium Salmon. with Quintessence of Cloves applyed hot on Dorsels, with the Emplaister over it, is a powerful Medicine. If the bone be foul, you have Pulvis Turbith. miner. to apply next it to scale it. But you must purge this sullen humour out of the Body, or never expect the Tumours or Ulcers to heal.

To do this, there's no nobler a Medi­cine under the Sun than, ‘℞ Panchymagogum Mineralae Quercitani gr. x. in pil ex duobus gr. x. misce fiant pil.’

Give this every other Morning fasting, till the body be rectified of this stubborn and poysonous humour, for this will pow­erfully bring forth all vitious and poyson­ous humours: But if he cannot take Pills, let a spoonful or two of decoctum Colocyn­thidos Salmonis in a glass of wine, every o­ther morning, be the medicine, and look after him as is requisite in Purges.

You must also see to oppose powerfully all venemous quality of the humours, and [Page 87] besides the dyet-drink give sometimes this, ‘℞ Either Thriac. Lond. nova ʒ i, or Be­zoarticum solare Comp. Salmon. gr. viij in a glass of Sack, and let him sweat upon it.’

Cancers are usually extirpated, and then the place brought to digestion and healed.

You extirpate a Cancer with your Cat­ling, but if a Finger or Toe, you extir­pate it with your Chizel and Mallet.

CHAP. XXX. Of Gravel and Strangury.

SOmetimes Men happen to be cruelly tormented with this disease at Sea, and although they do not expect you perfectly to cure it, yet they would be glad of a little ease, and it would make any man pity them to see them so excruciated. If it be about the Reins, then do this, ‘ [Page 88]℞ Sal vitriolium emeticum ʒ ss Spiritum Salis gut. xx in a glass of White-wine or Rhenish.’ this certainly removes and dissolves it. If in the neck of the bladder, then, ‘℞ Spiritum Nephriticum, Clossei gut. viij or x in syrup of Marsh-Mallowes, and aqua persicaria.’ This if you can have it is insuperable, in forcing away the Gravel and Urine, but if you have it not, then ‘℞ Aqua Comminuens Calculum Horstii ʒ ij, or ℥ts at a time.’ is excellent as to the intention.

If a large Gravel-stone stick in the Yard, force it back with your Catheter. If in the fit of the Strangury, you give some­thing to make the Body soluble, and carry away the hard feces, that oppress the neck of the bladder, you will do well; as thus, ‘℞ Tincturam solutivam ℥ i Elix. Juniperi, a spoonful in a glass of Malago.’

[Page 89]And in the extremity of misery, that worthy Anodine, Ens veneris gr. x drank in a glass of Canary, when the man turns in, does not only give immediate ease and comfort, but likewise dissolves the Tarta­rous Muscleage, or concreted substance.

CHAP. XXXI. How to Cure a Clap.

THere is yet another Distemper which Seamen meet sometimes with by go­ing a shore, and that is a Clap. Now for as much as this is not got by the Ships work, so it is not cured on the Ships ac­count, but the Man pays you for it: But it is a Chyrurgical Cure, and you are de­sired by the Man to cure him.

We commonly call that a Clap (and not the Pox, although a chip of the same block) when the venemous humour lyeth about the Genitals or Seed-Vessels, and hath not yet infected the mass of blood, nor got into the bones.

A Clap appears either in a Gonorrhea, Tumour of the Yard, Shankers, pricking [Page 90] in the Urinary passage, or Bubo in the Groin. Whatever way it appears, bleed not at all, for that were the way to bring it into the body.

The first thing you must do is to purge out the Poysonous Vapour. The accusto­mary way, and indeed a very good way is this, ‘℞ Pil rudii ℈ j resina Jalupi & Calome­los ana gr. x f. pilulae,’

If he cannot take Pills then, ‘℞ Electu. pro morb. Gal. Salmon. ℈ ij.’

Or if a Bolus will not down with him, then, ‘℞ Decoctum Colocynthidos Salmon. two spoonfuls in a glass of Wine.’

If he can take any of these, you may in­terchange them, as you see fit, because the too often taking of the same thing cloys the patient.

They must be taken in the Morning fasting, and he must be ordered as to purge; when he has purged sufficiently, for four or five days, the running will [Page 91] cease; only some small gleeting 'tis possi­ble will remain. To Cure which,

Either of these will effectually stop the gleeting.

If there is a pricking in the Yard when the Man makes water: Inject Troches alba enassis mixt in aqua plantag.: And if little Ulcers, Shankers, Pustules, &c. be on the Glans, or between that and the prepuce, touch them with Flor. Egyptiac. or some­times album Camphoratum will do; But if the Yard is so sweld that you cannot get at these Shankers, then apply a warm Plaister of Paracelsus malaxt with unguent de Althea, and that will discuss and resolve it: But if a Tumour arise in the Groin, purge not by any means, but let the Pa­tient take this drink following to help to drive out the venemous humour, which [Page 92] nature is heaving at; and to hinder a far­ther progress of infection.

Let him take two spoonfuls of this in small Ale or Beer, every morning and night, and one spoonful in each draught he drinketh at any time; and to the Bubo apply this Maturative Cataplasm follow­ing to bring it to a head; (seek not to re­pel it by any means).

This is the best that can be named to ri­pen a malignant Bubo or Carbonel; when 'tis ready stay not its breaking, but open it, and let it run well; when it has run sufficiently then fall to purging, as you were taught before, to carry away the relicks of the poysonous humour, then cleanse the Ulcer with aqua phagad▪ and spirit of Wine, and heal it with Balsa­mum [Page 93] Vulnerarium Salmonis, or Essentia Sul­phuris, on Dorsels or soft Tents; and Emplastrum Diach. cum Gum. over all; which method certainly cures the sevearest of Claps.

CHAP. XXXII. How to Cure a confirm'd Pox.

NOW we call this Morbus Venereus, a confirm'd Pox, when it hath passed the Liver, and is got into the blood, and that the spots and pustules appear, and nodes and night pains are felt.

Here the same dyet-drink must be kept to as in the former Chapter, for there is no better in the World; the same purging likewise must be used as in a Clap: Purge six or seven days first, and then desist; and sweat two or three days, and so to purg­ing again: When you would sweat, to some of your dyet-drink add a spoonful of Spir. Guaic. and make him sweat pow­erfully, for by this way of purging and sweating we usually Cure the Pox at Sea.

If there remain the Reliques of an old [Page 94] Pox, you have no better way than to give him ‘℞ Aurum vitae senerti gr. viij, in Pil ex duobus gr. xij, misce.’

Let him have this dose every other day, for some time together; and when you would have him sweat, give him the same dose of the aurum vitae, with Tinctura Gumi Guaici two spoonfuls in a glass of Rhenish. So this unparalleld Medicine of it self, by continuing of it thus, will do your work without Fluxing.

CHAP. I. Of the Scurvy.

THE Scurvy all men know is a distem­per that Seamen are much troubled withal. It proceeds from putrifaction of the blood, and that from Obstructions, and those from a corrupt Aliment, or (sometimes) from over full dyet, of Flesh or Fish, and especially when there wants the succulency of fresh Vegetables, as on shoar, for in those Countrys where they drink Wine, and eat green Fruit, as Le­mons, Apples, or Roots and Herbs, as Salads, together with their Meat, such are seldom or never troubled with the Scurvy: Nor our Men neither when we come in them Countryes where those things can be got; but otherwise we are seldom free of it. This I have experien­ced, when we have gone a New-found Land and Straits Voyage.

And to this we may add difference of Climates, for in New-found Land, (al­though they have had fresh Fish, and o­ther diet) I have known our people have the Scurvy lamentably, both in the Coun­try [Page 97] and especially after our departure from thence, between that and the Straits; which when we have arrived in Spain, and the Combotes have come on board, our men have with Wine and fresh trade mended presently; This I impute both to the Aliment and Country, for I have seldom seen the Scurvy got in that Coun­try, or indeed in any part of the Straits.

It usually appears in spots on the Limbs, and the Legs swell, and pit under the Fin­ger, with stiffness in the Thighs and Hams, loose Teeth, and rotten Gums; 'tis so well known at Sea, that every Sailer that has used the Sea any time, knows when another has it. But it is Objected against some, that laziness is the cause of it, and to others, that nastiness brings it on them; but let me write this word (in vindication of the diseased) that I have known as stout Seamen, and as stirring, and as neat men as ever crost over Salt-Water, afflicted sadly with this distem­per: Therefore it is not these, but the other causes that I have named, that brings the Scurvy.

Now as to the Cure, you have heard already what dyet and drink they should have; for with them things that I have named, few Medicines are required for [Page 98] the Scurvy; but without them, it will puzzle you with all the Medicines in your Chest to cure it.

I have found it very good to let blood in the beginning of this distemper, when it comes upon a Plethorick Person, and one that hath had a full dyet, but when it hath come after a lingring Feaver, then not; for very often men have with it the Jaundice or Dropsie, or both, which Com­plexed Cacochymia makes it look like a ma­ny headed Hydra, and it will not be cured by only Scorbutick Medicines, whence we are so often at a loss about it.

If it be the Scurvy only, ‘℞ Electu. scorb. Salmon. ʒ ij Calomelos gr. v f. bolus.’ give this in the morning fasting. Or, ‘℞ Liquor. scorb. Salmon. two spoonfuls, spirit salis gut. xx, in a glass of White Wine.’

Any of these medicines are well known to be formidable enemies against the Scur­vy: But if it hath its rebellious Associ­ates along with it, so that these medicines are not found capable: If it be Hydropick, then ‘ [Page 99]℞ Quintessentia Turpethum ʒ s, Tinct. sal. Tart. ℈ j in a glass of Rhenish.’

This is a medicine that surpasseth all other liquid medicaments in this case; it purges delicately by stool. Or if the Jaundice, then, ‘℞ Aurum vitae senerti gr. viij, Elixir purgans Panchymagogum ʒ j in a glass of wine.’ this effectually Cures, opens Obstructions, and roots out the seeds of stubborn disea­ses; working with a great deal of safety and pleasantness, if followed for several days.

Now when the Scurvy is thus Compli­cated with these other distempers, there is usually generated a certain malign or venomous quallity, which is little better then catching in a Ship; therefore you ought to have an eye to this: So that now and then ʒs or a ʒj of Quintessentia vitrioli, drank in a glass of Sack, is the best medi­cament that the world can afford in this and such like cases. If you have not this: Theriac. Lond. nova ʒj or ij in a glass of Wine is excellent, and let the [Page 100] man sweat on it. Let him drink half a spoonful of tinctura gumi Guaic. in all his drink, if it be the moist Scurvy, but if the dry Scurvy, then Elixir Vitrioli Myn­sichti ℈s.

CHAP. II. Of Fluxes.

FLuxes are very frequent at Sea, espe­cially when the victuals grow bad; or when we come in Countries where we get abundance of bad Wine and beverage, or are reduced to drink stinking water sometimes; when our English victualling is done, and we change to some other Country victuals, I have known Fluxes come all these ways.

Come how they will, our way to Cure them is, first to purge with Rhubarb, and 'tis best thus, ‘℞ Rubarb ℥ j, Cinnamon ʒ j, infuse it all night in Wine, in the morning strain it, and add to a quarter of a pint thereof Syr. of Myrtles ℥ j; f. potus.’ [Page 101] let him drink this in the morning fasting.

In this disease let him forbear crude Wine and Fruits; (such as the Scurvy re­quires are here Enemies) at night give him a drachm of Diascordium when he goes to try to rest. Next morning have ready a dose of the same infusion of Ru­barb, as before, adding only fresh Cinna­mon to it, and this second infusion has (if not altogether) almost lost its Cathartick quallity, and now is mostly restrictive. The night following give him a good drink of burnt Wine, with a branch of Rosemary, and some Cinnamon in it, and sweetned with white Sugar. This method stops most white Fluxes.

CHAP. III. Of a Dysentery or Bloody Flux.

A Bloody Flux hath most frequently the same primary causes as the other, however there are sharp corroding Chol­lerick humours, fretting and ulcerating the Intestines.

'Tis requisite here to let blood in the first place; I have found that to do a great [Page 102] deal of good. Purge him likewise with the first, and then endeavour to bind with the second infusion of Rubarb as before: But withal there is too often in this, as in the Scurvy, a secret malignity poysonous and infectious, and it causes others to fall sick, if it be the ruining distemper in the ship.

This venomous quallity proceeds from the corruption of humours; therefore it is to be powerfully opposed: Thriac. Lond. nova, ʒj in a glass of Wine is very power­ful, and will destroy the very essence of venome; give it not only once but often. And to heal the Ulcers of the Bowels, give him healing Clysters.

This is the best of all Clysters, to heal the Bowels, if it be injected warm. And to ease pain and bind after due purging; the best that I know is this, ‘℞ Syrup. Diamor. ℥ j electu diacorallinum ℈ ij, Tinctura Mart. pro deliquio ℈ j, Quintessentia papaveris & hyosciami gut. iij, this in a small glass of Cinnamon­water, drank, is excellent.’

[Page 103]And then good Cordials are of great use, for men in a little time grow extream faint, ‘℞ Quintessentia Cymamoy, gut. iiij, Tin­ctura Corallinum gut. x. in a spoonful of Tinctura vitae is an excellent Cordial.’

CHAP. IV. Of a Cholera.

A Cholera is a violent vomiting, and sometimes a loosness with it from Cholerick humours in the Stomach and first passages: The best way is first to cleanse away these vitious humours.

These will not only carry away the hu­mours both ways, but throughly rectifies the distemper of the Stomach and first [Page 104] passages: When this has done working, burn him half a pint of Sack, with a branch of Rosemary, and a blade or two of Mace, and sweeten it with ℥ j. of Syr. of Mirtles, or dryed Roses, and let him drink it hot: Or, ‘℞ Aqu. Aromatica ʒ j. quintessentia Cy­namo. & Menthae, an. gut. x. Syrup. Dyamor. or Mel ros Colat, ℥ j. in a glass of choice Canary: Or, Elixir Vitrioli ℈ j. in Spiritu Menthae.’

These are inferiour to no stomachicals in the whole World: And let the region of his stomach be anointed with Oyl of Mace.

CHAP. V. Of a Surfeit.

SUrfeits at Sea generally come by over drinking, (although indeed they may come by over-eating, or from the vi­tions quality of what is eaten) it is so that nature refuseth to digest the great quanti­ty [Page 105] that a man has drank: As a man that hath a burden too heavy, doth not so much as lift at it.

Some nature is so propitious to them, that when they are too full of drink, they vomit, but some do not; but are extream sick at stomach, and the head achs as it would split. Now if such had given them a draught of warm Water, with some ℥ij Oxymel of Squils in it, they would vo­mit and prevent a Surfeit; especially if after their vomiting they had a pint of Wine burnt, with a sprig of Mint, and a blade of Mace, and sweetned with fine Su­gar, and so drank hot: But if it hath pas­sed the Stomach before the man speaks to you; and the Liver doth not digest it, but lets it lye in the first passages, then there is worser pains and heat.

Now Vomiting of it self will do no good: But, ‘℞ Spirit. vitae Rulandi ʒ j Tinctura a florreguli antimo. gut. iiij. Oxim. Scil. ℥ j.’

This in a glass of Wine will work plea­santly both wayes, and free both Stomach and intestines of the superfluous humour that Nature is charged withal. Some in this case use a Clyster, Electum Cariocost. [Page 106] ℥j in moderately hot Wine injected, excel­lently draws down the excrement and noxious fumes and evacuates it to the Pa­tients great ease and comfort.

The Body thus cleansed, let him then drink the burnt Wine hot, and add to it a scruple of Elixir vitrioli mynsichti, and then it is a powerful stomachical, and will cause digestion: But sometimes it has past the Liver, and hath not been well con­cocted there, but is sent as it were half digested into the Veins, and so there is no third concoction; it doth not make blood fit to nourish, and now it is a confirm'd Surfeit, and 'tis like the Surfeit spots come out; and there's a Feaver, and loathing of Food, but a great thirst, and desire of more cold drink.

Now ashore 'tis common in this case to run to the Apothecaries for Surfeit water, and when he hath drank that, and not the bet­ter; then to the Doctors, but it is com­monly too late for't, for many a man loses his Life by such delayes, and by trusting to the Surfeit water only. You are here to give discussing Clysters: As, ‘℞ Decoct. Com. pro Clyst ℥ j. Eclect. Cario­costin. ℥ j. f. enema.’

[Page 107]And let blood before it is too late; for abateing the great quantity of boyling blood is a great help: Then purge from the most remote parts, with ‘℞ Electu. Cath. regali ʒ ij. either in Bolus, or a Glass of Wine:’

For this is one of the best in this case: Or, If he cannot take this: Then, ‘℞ Tinctur. Cathart. Grulangij ʒ j. in a Glass of Rhenish is a good Medicine; and Pil. Ruff. ʒ s. or a ʒ j. is approv'd.’

When these things are first done, then your Surfeit water will do good: The best of Surfeit water is, ‘℞ Aqua papaveris composita ℥ ij. Tinctura Croci ℥ j. Elix. vitrioli ℈ j. Thriac Lond. Nova, ℥ j.’

Let him drink this in a glass of choice Canary, and sweat him well. These things will cure and cause a good digestion in all parts.

CHAP. VI. Of the Plurisie.

MEN are often taken with the Pluri­sie: 'Tis a Tumifaction of the in­ward Tunicle of the Ribbs, called Plura, with inflamation: Sometime there is win­dy Spirit with it, causing pricking, with extream pain, and a Coughing; because the Lungs are straitned, and sometimes are inflamed with it: Here bleeding is to be forthwith celebrated not once, but often repeated. Discussing Clysters are to be administred: ‘℞ Decoct Carminativum ℥ j. as in Chap. 7. Electum cariocast. ℥ j. f. enema.’

These carry away a great deal of wind and Pluratick matter out of the Body.

This having done working, ‘℞ Spirit plureticus Rennotti ℥ j. Aqua pa­paveris Comp. & Liquor Cord. refri­gerans an. ℥ ij.’

[Page 109]These, with the other means will give ease immediately.

If there should be an Imposthume: Then, ‘℞ Antimo. diaph. Cum. Tartar. gr. x. sal pectorale ℈ j. with Spirit. Guaic. a spoon­ful in Syr. Jujubino, or aqua Hordia. f. potus.’

Let him drink this, and embrocate the side with Oyl of Chamo.

CHAP. VII. Of the Cholick and Wind.

AT Sea Men are oftentimes taken with fits of the Cholick, with insufferable griping. It is by corrupt humours, and windy vapours in the Tunicles of the in­testines; it generally comes by cold. Some­times the Body is bound with this Disease, and then in the West-Indies it is called the dry gripes. Sometimes there is a Loose­ness, with intolerable tortion of the Bowels. If it were wind alone, an excel­lent Clyster were that of Tobacco, given [Page 110] in a fumigatory Clister-pipe: Otherwise a pint of Sack injected has been approved to do good to a wonder: But if corrupt humours are together with this wind, then your Carminative Clyster is this: ‘℞ Cem. Calid. quatuor: Bacc. Laur. & & Juniper ana ℥ j. Zedoari ℥ j. flor Camom. & Melilot an. pugil: To the strain'd decoction ℥ x. ol. Camom. ℥ ss. Electuar. Cariocost. ℥ j. f. enema.’

The Clyster injected warm, will work to your hearts content, and there will be great ease; especially if you give inward­ly a good Cordial.

By this time he will have wonderful ease and refreshment.

But to root out the windy, and cor­cupt Cemenary, purge the Body well: ‘℞ Electum Cathart. regale ʒ ij. or Syr. de spina cervina ℥ ij.’

These will powerfully eradicate the Di­stemper [Page 111] and you had better do it at once, than let it run on, and the Patient not throughly well: And then after all a pint of good burnt Wine, with aromatick Spice in it, and leaves of Mint, and sweetned with ponder Sugar, and drank hot, is a special thing to close up your cure.

CHAP. VIII. Of Costiveness.

SOmetimes it happens that men are ve­ry Costive, or hard bound; or it may be there are passingers on board, or deli­cate persons, that rather suffer a great deal of misery by this, than to take a Clyster, especially such as are Sea-sick, and vomit much; I have known some who in a whole week together have not gone to stool: If any such complains to you, your way is to give him, either, ‘℞. Syr. de quincqu. rud. ℥ ij. or Tinctura solutiva the like quantity.’

Or if it be a person of honour as some­times [Page 112] happens to be at Sea, Then, Your Quint. rosar. Palidar ℥j. is the loveliest of all Purging Medicines in the World what­ever. These curiously open, and gently purge, and leave not a binding quality be­hind them; and the latter is truly Cor­dial withal. If it were a Childs, ℥j. of Manna in its drink would be grateful to it.

CHAP. IX. Of the Wormes.

I Have known when men at Sea have been very much troubled with the Worms: And then 'tis usual to give them Calome­los ℈j in some purging Pill: Others give Spirit Vitriol, some drops in their drink, and some Cem. Absynth in ponder in Hony: But Quintessentia Colocynthidos ʒs, & Quin­tessentia Centauri Major. & Minor. ʒj, & Sal prunellae ℈j, these in a glass of Wine or Beer surely destroy the Worms.

And this excellent Pouder, called Pulv. ad Lumbricos Magistralis ana ℈j ad ʒs in any convenient vehicle is of excellent use as to this intention. But sometimes you [Page 113] have young Children and tender persons on board that cannot take Medicines, and yet hap to have the Worms: Then anoint the Belly or Stomach with that precious Oyl of Myrrh, and it will effectually do the work.

CHAP. X. Of Colds, Coughs, Rhumes, Catarrhs.

IT falls out very often that men are trou­bled with these Distempers at Sea, and will desire of you something to sweat: Which indeed is the best way, if it be a new cold: A pint of burnt Wine, with a branch or two of Rosemary, and Cloves, and Mace, and Cinnamon, with a ʒj of Lond Thriac in it, and brewed with the yolk of an Egg, and sweetned with Loaf Sugar, and drank hot when he turns in, and so to let him sweat well: This is un­doubtedly the best Medicine in the World.

But a Catarrh is a Rhume that has ta­ken a habit of trickling slily down the As­pera arteria, and so to the Lungs; this [Page 114] causeth extream Coughing, and by reason of that straining, the man grows hot and feaverish withal, with grievous Head-ach, and when any of this Rhume falls into the Stomach, there is a reaching to Vomit: Nay, such is the Nature of a Catarrh, that it many times erodes the Lungs, and cau­seth a Consumption.

Now the best thing you can do, is to purge the Brain, and all the Body of that Catarrish humour: Either Pilulae ex duo­bus, or extr. rudij ℈j, or half a drachm doth it at once excellently well; and when this is throughly done, then your burnt Wine spoken of before will come to bare; and when you have sweat him well, then these Medicines following are the best that can be used.

Lohoch Crocatum Mynsicti, is a great se­cret in this Disease, it digests, makes thick, agglutinates, expectorates, coroborates the Spirits, cools inflamation, quenches thirst, and eases the most acute pain; 'tis to be taken of the end of a Liquorice stick bruised.

Another excellent thing is Syr. Catarrhis Mulleri, this doth not only heal the Ulcers of the Lungs which cause blood to be spit up, and stop the falling of the Rhume, but cures Consumptions; 'tis to be taken [Page 115] with a bruised Liquorish stick as the other pectoral Syrrups are, such as Colts-foot, Jujubines, Liquorish, and the like.

But above all that, Infusus Pectoralis Comp. of Doctor Salmons is of insupera­ble efficacy, a spoonful or two of it at a time drank in a glass of Sack, and that often, especially morning and evening: But if you'd give it him to drink, and not by way of Lohoch; then Tinctura Ast­matica Millij ℥j, Vinum Juniperium a spoon­ful, Elixir Sulphuris, a few drops in a glass of Sack is excellent.

CHAP. XI. Of Continual Feavers, or Calentures.

THese are very frequent at Sea, espe­cially in hot Clymates. I have had the woful experience of them, (as well as of Fluxes) at Scanderoon, and Cypris; some­times they have that degree of malignity in them that wants but little of the Pesti­lence. Men are usually taken at first with a shivering in their Bones, as if they had got a cold: They will ask you for some­thing [Page 116] to sweat, and you will do well to burn him a pint of Wine, and give him a ʒj. of Lond. Thriac. in it, and let him sweat, for this (it may be) may hinder a further progress; But if notwithstand­ing this, he turns to burning, and his head to ach extreamly, then defer not to let him blood the next morning; and if you are in a Country where there is store of Wine, and Men have drank much, and inflamed their blood, let not one bleeding serve, but repeat it oftener. Give Clysters likewise to mollifie the excrement, and discuss the noxious fumes.

Then after this try what your burnt Wine will do, for now a breathing sweat will be profitable; but if it be a malig­nant or burning Feaver, and it is the di­stemper of the Ship, or place where you are, it will have a certain time (do what you can) as it had its beginning, so it will have its increase, state and declination.

All that you can do now is to further (and not hinder) its coming to its state; Therefore give not too cooling things, for by that means many a Man is cooled [Page 117] out of his Life; and on the other hand, be cautions how you let him take things that will inflame; Liquor vitriolatus myn­sichti ℥ij. is excellent both ways.

If you give him cooling things, let them be such as moderately palliate, are Cordial, and quench thirst, and yet keep him in a moist and natural warmth: As ‘℞ Aqua aromatica ʒ j, Julupium Alexan­drinum ʒ ij, Elixir vitrioli ℈ j;’ This in a little aqua Cordialae refrigerans is mighty refreshing, and doth not extin­guish natural heat, but powerfully help it.

Again, if you give hot Cordials, let it be such as will not cause burning and thirst, but oppose that, and rather cause a breathing and natural warmth.

This is a Cordial that would revive (as 'twere) a dying man, and give him, not too heating, but a breathing and na­tural heat; But before the Feaver comes to its height, usually men are dileriate, and if it be a right Calenture, he will think the Sea a Meadow, and seek to leap [Page 118] into it: Then (if you cannot convenient­ly give him Clysters because he is unruly) give him, ‘℞ Tinctura solutiva ℥ j. in his Barly-water to keep him soluble.’ But the noblest Medicine under the Hea­vens in this case is ‘Quinta essentia rosarum palidarum ℥ j. per se.’

This as 'tis opening, so 'tis powerfully Cordial and Alexipharmick, and the plea­santest thing in the whole World.

When his Body is open, then endea­vour to give him a little ease and rest. That excellent Anodine Cordial follow­ing I cannot but recommend to you, ‘℞ Extractum opii anodinum ʒ j, Tinctura vitae Minsichti, a spoonful.’

Let him take this and endeavour to rest, for this will powerfully exhilarate the hurt, comfort the Spirits, resist ma­lign atoms, provoke a breathing sweat; it will do (in a manner) whatever you de­sire it should do; nothing so friendly a [Page 119] second at this juncture, whilst Nature is contending with its enemy for Life.

But now methinks I hear my self accu­sed, that I speak of Medicines fitter for Princes and Noble Personages, who have Money enough, then for Chyrurgions of Ships to carry to cure Seamen withal: 'Tis true they are precious, and some of them of inestimable value: But consider Life is sweet to all men, and I hope it is no harm to you to know them that are best capable of preserving Life.

But as to the Feaver, there are some of that degree of malignity, that they come to their height, and the man either re­covers or dyes before the seventh day, as on the fourth or fifth, such are Pestilen­tial, and strike severely at Nature. Others are not so acute, but hold till the ninth or tenth day, at what time, if Nature is not strong, it goes hard with the Patient. But most recoveries that ever I saw, have been the thirteenth or fourteenth day, for about that time is the right natural Crisis, that most continual Feavers come to their state, insomuch as (when I have had twen­ty or thirty down at a time) he that has lived to the fifteenth day, I have not feared his miscarrying afterward; except by carelesness, or some accident, he hath [Page 120] precipitated himself into a relapse. If his Tongue be foul, clear it with your Spatula Lingua, and in all his drink (which should be only Barly-water) give him xx or more drops of quintessentia vitrioli. If it be the spotted Feaver or Pestilence, let him neither purge nor bleed, for that were dangerous, but let him take a drachm of Thriac. Lond. nova, and half a drachm of quintessentia vitrioli, these in a glass of Sack are the noblest medicines that ever were known, inwardly; and let him sweat to purpose, whilst he has strength, but moderately if he be weak; Aqua Epide­mica is likewise of singular vertue, ʒj. in angel. water with Syr. Carioph. And to bring to a head the rising (if any ap­pears) make use of that excellent Cata­plasma, mentioned in Chap. 31. of the Second Book, and when 'tis ready, open it and heal it, as there is taught.

CHAP. XII. Of Agues, or intermitting Feavers.

NOW in the time of the paroxisme, them that have the Ague use to Vo­mit; that shews a foulness of Body, espe­cially the first passages; and a quotidian, or tertian, I have often cured by given of the Patients safe Vomits: As, ‘℞ Vinum antimoniale ℥ j. with Oxymel scil. ℥ ss. in a glass of Wine.’

Give this about two hours before the fit is to come: 'Tis an excellent thing against Agues. Then in the time of the fit, when he cryes out for drink, let him have Elixir febrile Horstij, a ʒj or ij in his Barly-wa­ter, which you'l find powerful against the Fever: On the well day, in the morning fasting, let him have ‘℞ Quintessentia Turpethum, & Colocynth. fabri ana ʒ ss in a glass of Wine.’

These will purge downwards to your hearts content, and in Agues have no equals. [Page 122] When this has done working, and at night when he turns in, give him of Aqua febri­fuga ℥ij or iij, and sweat him upon it. About two hours before you expect the next fit to come, (whatever Ague it is, Quartan, or any;) let him take this fol­lowing ‘℞ Essentia opij anodinum ʒ ij in Liquore Vi­triolato Mynsichti ℥ iij.’

Let him drink it in a glass of Sack, and mark the event, which doubtless will be to your infinite satisfaction, and the Pati­ents likewise.

As for your Cordials and Catharticks, and drink, you have them in the last Chap­ter, there can be no better.

The pouder of the Peruvian bark, cal­led by the Indians Quinoquino, which is the Jesuits ponder, is given ʒij at a dose, in a glass of White Wine two hours before the Paroxisme: I was assured of the good­ness of it in Smyrna; the Patiet (as they af­firm'd tome) hath one severe fit next after the taking of it, but no more; and if pur­ging doth not go before, the Ague will return again in about a months time, as the Doctors there have observed, as if it had only lain asleep so long. Oleum fe­brifugum, [Page 123] & Empl. febrifuga, & Cataplasma febrifugum, are all found to do good; but what I have written, is a right Method, and sure.

CHAP. XIII. Of the Measles, and Small Pox.

IT many times happens that Men, (espe­cially the younger sort) have these Dis­eases in a Ship, and when one hath had it, it usually goes to more of them; 'tis a nausious Disease in a Ship. They are usu­ally taken at first with a dulness or heavi­ness, and then a pain in the back, with grievous Head-ach. Now it is held good in England to lot blood in this Disease; but there is a Feaver before the Small Pox breaks out, and a man knows not if it will be the Small Pox or no, (especially if it hath not already been in the Ship;) by reason of which some are let blood; but if it hath been in the Ship, then you will be cautious when you have these signs, whether it will be the Small Pox or no; an opening and discussing Clyster can do no [Page 124] hurt; and if it should be a Feaver only, then it will do a great deal of good. If he be a young Person that hath these signs, and one that hath not had the Small Pox, you had not best be too forward in let­ting blood, but defer it till the third day. You may give some London Treacle, and a Cup of burnt Wine, and cause him to sweat, and that will soon shew you if it be that Distemper or no, for it will the sooner break out: If it is not hindred by bleeding, nor purging, nor wet, nor cold, (all which are by no means proper) it will come out by the third day.

Now your way is to drive it out for­cibly, for which there is no better thing than this: ‘℞ Tinctura Croci ℥ j, Antimo. diaph. gr. x. Confectio Alcherm. ℈ j.’

Let this be shak't together in a glass of Sack and Drank, and now let him be kept exceeding warm, that no cold comes to him; nor let him eat or drink any thing that is cold, or may cause a looseness, for that were dangerous: He will be ex­treamly desirous of Drink, and if it be Beer, let it be strong, and let every draught that he drinks be moderately warm, with [Page 125] ℈j of Ruint Corn Ceru in it: Every two hours give him a spoonful of Aqua Aroma­tica, and a ℈j of Pulv. Gascon, in a little Canary, and this is truly Cordial, and will powerfully expulse malignity.

Have a care of cooling Juleps, (they are not proper) except such as was mentioned in the Chapter of a Feaver, which will withal cause a breathing kind moisture, and them you may use moderately.

No matter although he doth not go to Stool in four or five dayes; give him no Clyster for all that, least you make him take cold: For about the first crisis he will go to Stool of himself, which is about the seventh day from his falling sick.

Boyl him Fowles, and let him eat of them (if he can) or at least of their broth; the which let him drink often; he cannot feed himself, his attendance must do that office for him. Let white Bisket (if you have any on board) be steept in his Sack, and let him eat it, and drink the Sack after it. If through some ill accident, or the great malignity of the Distemper he hath not miscarried before, he will have them at the height before the fourteenth day, and then recover: But in his recovering, let him have a care of falling into a relapse by heedlesness; for so some have miscar­ried [Page 126] afterward. Let his face be kept as much out of the Air as possible, and let him not scratch off the scurf with his hands, for by these things the Scarrs will be deep; but anoint his face gently with your warm Album Camphoratum, and it will cause the scale to come off easily, and leave the new skin, and comely.