Moreover, There do belong to Nouns, Pronouns, and Participles,

• Nominative,
• Genitive,
• Dative,
• Accusative,
• Vocative,
• Ablative,

• a, an, the, before the Verb.
• Of (usually) after a Noun.
• To or for (the use of one) and before a Noun.
• a, an, the, after the Verb.
• O.
• In, with, from, by, out of, and of after a Verb passive.

• 1. Masculine, Hic.
• 2. Feminine, Haec.
• 3. Neuter, Hoc.

There be two sorts of Nouns which use to be joyned together in Speech:

• 1. Substantives, which have a Plural Number (ending commonly in s, sometimes in n,) and for the most part a, an, or the, before the Singular.
• 2. Adjectives, which have no Plural ending, nor (if alone) a, an or the before them: but may receive after them one of these words, Man, or Thing.

• [Page 4]3. Nouns of the third Declension, if Substantives, are,
• 1. Masculines, which end in
• an, anis. Titan, the Sun.
• in, inis. Delphin, a Dolphin.
• o, ōnis. Ligo, a Spade.
• on,
  • ōnis. Damon.
  • ŏnis. Canon, a Rule.
• er,
  • ēris. Crater, a Cup.
  • ĕris. Passer, a Sparrow.
• ter, tris. Venter, a Belly.
• ex,
  • ēcis. Vervex, a Weather.
  • ĕcis. Codex, a Book.
• or,
  • ōris. Viator, a Traveller.
  • ŏris. Rhetor, a Rhetorician.
• os,
  • ōris. Honos, Honour.
  • ōis, Heros, a Nobleman.
• il, ĭlis. Mugil, a Mullet.
• ul, ŭlis. Consul, a Consul.
• ans, antis. Quadrans, a Farthing.
• ens, entis. Tridens, a Mace.
• unx, uncis. Septunx, seven Ounces.

• 2. Neuters ending in
• a, atis. Poema, a Poem.
• e, is. Rete, a Net.
• i, is. Sinapi, Mustard.
• al, alis. Capital, a Coif.
• ar, āris. Calcar, a Spur.
• en, ĭnis. Nomen, a Name.
• ur,
  • oris. Jecur, a Liver.
  • uris. Guttur, a Throat.
• us,
  • oris. Pectus, a Breast.
  • eris. Vulnus, a Wound.
• ut, ĭtis. Caput, an Head.

• 3. Almost all others are Feminines, especially such as end in
• as,
  • ātis. Vanitas, Vanity.
  • ădis. Lampas, a Lamp.
• ax, ācis. Fornax, a Furnace.
• es,
  • is. Sedes, a Seat.
  • ētis. Quies, Rest.
  • ēdis. Merces, a Reward.
• io, iōnis.
  • Natio, a Nation.
  • Lectio, a Reading.
• ix, īcis
  • Radix, a Root.
  • Nutrix, a Nurse.
• inx, ingis. Syrinx, a Flute.
• anx, ancis. Lanx, a Platter.
• do, dĭnis. Rubedo, Redness.
• go, gĭnis. Imago, a Picture.
• ux, ucis. Crux, a Cross.
• is,
  • inis, is Masc. as Sanguis, Blood.
  • is. Fem. as Avis, a Bird.
• 4. Nouns of the fourth Declension in us are Masculines, in u Neut­ters: as,
• A Step. Grad-
  • us.
• A Wave, Fluct-
• An Army, Exercit-
• An Uproar, Tumult-
• Food, Vict-
• Fruit, Fruct-
• A Knee, Gen-
  • u.
• An Horn, Corn-

• 5. Nouns of the fifth Declension are all Feminines, except Meridies and Dies.
• A Face, Faci-
  • es.
• A Kind, Speci-
• A Thing, R-
• Faith, Fid-
• Hardness, Duriti-

So much of Substantives; next follows Declination of Adjectives, which are either of the first and second Declensions, as durus, or of the third alone, as tristis.

• [Page 5] Dur╌us
• Bon╌us
• Tard╌us
• Alo╌us
• Crud╌us
• Alt╌us
• Pulch╌er
• Pig╌er
• Nig╌er
• Integ╌er
• Sat╌ur.

In like manner are declined all Participles in tus, sus, xus, rus and dus: [...], tuus, suus, noster, vester: Likewise totus, solus, unus, ullus, [...], alter, [...], neuter, nullus; saving that these Nine make the Ge­ [...]tive Singular in ius, and the Dative in i. x Meus makes mi in the Voca­tive Case, and [...]lius, aliud, in the Neuter Gender: x And the Six last lack the Vocative Case.

• Trist╌is
• Lev╌is
• Util╌is
• Mo [...]╌is
• Auda╌x
• Supple╌x
• Feli╌x
• Atro╌x
• Am╌ans
• Ing╌ens
• Obedi╌ens
• Dur╌ior
• Lev╌ior
• Pulchr╌ior
• Nigr╌ior.

N. B. Such as end in x, ans and ens, are of all three Genders in the [...]ominative Case singular, and increase in the Genitive. These with Com­aratives, make the Ablative singular both, in e and i. Others only in i, [...]nd increase not in the Genitive Case, (except Vetus.) Note also, That Comparatives in the Nominative, Accusative and the Vocative Plural, form the Neuter Gender in a, and the Genitive in um, the rest in i [...], ium.

• Cicur, claudus, canus, calvus,
• Degener, dispar, almus, salvus,
• Egenus, memor, magnanimus, mirus,
• Jejunus, crispus, unicus, delirus,
• Canorus, balbus, ferus, vetulus,
• Silvestris, mediocris, edentulus. Also,

• 1. Gentiles, Romanus, Graecus, &c.
• 2. Possessives, Fraternus, herilis, &c.
• 3. Numerals, Septimus, ternarius, &c.
• 4. Diminutives, Tenellus, tantillus, &c.
• 5. Materials, Aureus, aereus, lapideus, ligneus.
• 6. Temporals, Matutinus, hesternus, biennis.
• 7. Compounds of gere and fero, Salutifer, Corniger.

• [Page]1. [...]. Moribundus, cunct abundus.
• 2. imus. Bimus, trimus, maritimus.
• 3. ivus. Deliberativus.
• 4. plex. as Duplex, triplex.
• 5. ster. Campester, sylvester.

• 1. Substan­tives,

  1. In English,	2. In Latin,
  I, me, we, us.	Ego, nos.
  Thou, thee, ye, you.	Tu, vos.
  He, she, it, him, her.	Ille, iste, ipse.
  They, them.	Illi, isti, ipsi.
  Self.	Sui.

• 2. Adje­ctives.
  • My, thy, or thine, his, their: Meus, tuus, suus.
  • Our, your: Noster, vester.
  • This, these, that, those: Hic, is.
  • Which, whose, whom, what, who: Qui, quis.

Ego, tu, sui, ille, ipfe, iste, is, qui and quis, are thus declined:

• N. Ego, I.
• G. Mei, of me.
• D. Mihi, to me.
• A. Me, me.
• V. Caret.
• A. à me, from me.

• nos, we.
• nastrâm,
  • of us.
• nostri,
• nobis, to us.
• nos, us.
• à nobis, from us

• tu, thou.
• tui, of thee.
• tibi, to thee.
• te, thee.
• O tu, O thou.
• à te, from thee.

• vps, ye.
• vestrûm,
  • of you.
• vestri,
• vobis, to you.
• vos, you.
• O vos, O ye.
• à vobis, from you

• N. caret.
  • him­self, or them­selves.
• G. sui, of
• D. sibi, to
• A. se,
• V.
• A. à se, from

• N. is, ea, id, that.
• G. ejus.
• D. ei.
• A. eum, eam, id.
• V.
• A. eo, eà, eo.

• N. ii, eae, ea, those.
• G. eorum, earum, eo­rum.
• D. iis, veleis.
• A. eos, eas, ea.
• V.
• A. iis, vel eis.

• He, she, that.
• N. iste, ista, istud.
• G. istius, of.
• D. isti, to.
• A. istum, istam, istud.
• V.
• A. isto, istâ, isto, from.

• they, those.
• N. isti, istae, ista.
• G. istorum, istarum istorum.
• D. istis.
• A. istos, istas, ista.
• V.
• A. istis.

So are declined ille and ipse, saving that ipse maketh ipsum, not ipsud in the Neuter Gender.

• [Page 9]N. qui, quae, quod.
• G. cujus.
• D. cui.
• A. quem, quam, quod.
• V.
• A. quo, quâ, quo vel quî.

• N. qui, quae, quae,
• G. quorum, quarum, quorum.
• D. quibus vel queis.
• A. quos, quas, quae.
• V.
• A. quibus vel queis.
• Masc. Neut.
• N. quisquis, quic­quid.
• Ac. quicquid.
• Abl. quoquo, qu [...] ­quâ, quoquo.

So is quis declined, but that it hath quid in the Neuter Gender; and also these that follow:

Quis-

• nam,
• piam,
• quam,
• que,
• putas.

Qui-

• dam,
• vis,
• libet,
• cunque.
• Ec╌quis,
• Ne╌quis,
• Ali╌quis,
• Nun╌quis,
• Si╌quis.

Exceptions from the Rules concerning Nouns and the Declensions.

1. ALi Neuters make the Nominative, Accusative and Vocative the same in both Numbers, and in the Plural end all in a.

2. Filia and nata make the Dative and Ablative Plural in is or abus; Dea, mula, equa, liberta in abus only.

• 3. In the Second Declension, if the Nominative Case
  • 1. Ends in us, the Vocative shall end in e, except Voc. O Deus, fili, geni.
  • 2. Be a Proper Name in ius, it makes the Vocative in i.
• 4. Ambo and Duo are thus declined:
  Plural.
  • Amb- Du-

    o	orum	obus	os	obus
    ae	arum	abus	as	abus
    o	orum	obus	o	bous.

  • 5. To the three first Declensions do belong cer­tain Greek Nouns which end in the
    • 1 st. in as, es, e.
      • These usually make the Acc. sing. in n; but eus makes ea, and its Gen. eos: Also e the Gen. es, and o, ûs; es the Voc. & Abl. e or a. whose Accusative singular ends in a, Plural in as (except Neuters) Gen. sometimes in dos, eos, ios, yos.
    • 2 d. in eus, os, on.
    • 3 d. a, as, an, ir, i, is, in, on, us, o,

Nouns that differ variously in the Terminations from the common road.

OF the first Declension, Filia, nata, dea, liberta, equa, mula, serva, con­serva, asina, socia, anima, make is, and abus, Dat. Pl.

Nouns in us of the second Declension make the Vocative in e; Deus and other Nouns ending in us are Atticisms.

The Accusative singular of the third Declension ends in em, but these in im:

• Vis, ravis, sitis, charybdis, tussis,
• Mephitis, cannabis, Magudaris, amussis,
• Praesepis, syrtis, opis, pelvis, buris,
• Sinapis, cucumis, Leucaspis, securis,
• Albis, Fabaris, Baetis, Tanais, Tigris,
• Araris, Athesis, Ligeris, Tiberis, Tibris.

em and im these;

• Aqualis, cutis, turris, vestis, navis,
• Sementis, puppis, bipennis, febris, clavis and strigilis.

Ablatives singular of the third Declension ends in e; but,

1. Neuters in al, er, e, make i, but far, hepar, jubar, nectar, make [...].

2. Adjectives with e in the Neuter, Names of Months in is and er, memor, immemor, make i in the Ablative: Affinis, rivalis, familiaris, contuber­nalis, popularis, sodalis, aedilis, annalis, biremis, natalis, bipennis, used Adjectively i, Substantively e.

Nouns in im in the Accusative make i only in the Ablative, but Baete, site are read.

Some make i and e in the Ablative: as

They that make im and em in the Accusative: Adjectives of one Termi­nation: Participles and Participials in ns, (unless put) absolute: Verbals in trix taken Substantively, together with victrix and ultrix: Adjectives of the Comparative Degrees, par, the Adjective i: Substantive e: and com­par, impar, uber, degener, dives, locuples, Arpinas.

And also,

• Classis, collis, finis, fustis,
• Ignis, imbris, vectis, postis,
• Orbis, ovis, civis, avis,
• Unguis, pars, furfur, navis,
• Occiput, sors, supellex, sordes,
• Pus, Carthag [...], Sidon, Lacedaemon,
• Tibur, Anxur, and sycyon.

Neuters of the third Declension make a, or ia;

a, whose Ablative singular ends only in e: ia, whose Ablative singular ends only in i, or e and i, but vetus, uber, bicorpor, tricorpor, versicolor, unicolor, make a.

Also Comparatives have a, except plus, plura vel pluria.

1. The Genitive Plural of the third Declension ends in um; but

They that make i only, or i and e in the Ablative singular make ium in the Genitive Plural, except Comparatives, words ending in fex, from facis, memor, immemor, inops, uber, compos, impos, impuber, puber, dives, degener, congener, tricorpor.

2. Nouns not increasing of the third Declension make ium, but juvenis, panis, canis, and words of three sillables make um.

3. Words only Plurals have the Genitive in ium, but opes, primores, le­mures, caelites, celeres, luceres, and proceres, make ium.

4. Words of one sillable ending in a liquid Consonant, as par, parium, but ren, splen, and fur, make um.

5. All words ending in the Nominative singular in two Consonants, or a double Consonant make ium, but caelebs, consors, hyems, judex, senex, gryps, lynx, sphinx, prex and frux, out of use, make u [...]: So Nouns from capio, as auceps, forceps, manceps, &c. And words that end in [...] in Greek, as Arabs, Aethiops, Chalybs, Cyclops, Phalanx, make um.

Lastly, These Monosillables, as, mas, vas, bes, lis, glis, dis, vis, cos, dos, os, and mus, make ium, but pes, praes, mos, flos, thus, crus, sus, grus, lans, fraus, bos, make um.

The Dative Plural of the third Declension ends in ĭbus, but bos makes bobus and bubus, and Cicero has suibus for subus.

The Dative Plural of the fourth Declension ends in ibus, but specus, artus, lacus, tribus, portus, make ubus; acus and quercus, have no Dative Plural; but ficus has ficis in Pliny, &c. Quaestus, portus, genu and veru, make both ibus and ubus.

Rules for Genders of Noun-Substantives.

Nouns Substantives,

• 1. Proper, to­wit, Names of
  • 1. Heathen Gods, Men, and other Male-Creatures, are all Masculines, howsoever they end.
  • 2. Countries, Islands, Trees, Heathen Goddesses, Wo­men, and other Females, all Feminines.
• 2. Com­mon of the
  • 1. First and fifth Declension are of the Feminine Gender.
  • 2. Second and fourth, such as end in er, ir and us, are of the Masculine, in um and u of the Neuter.
  • 3. Of the third De­clension Nouns end­ing in
    • 1. an, in, on, er, ter, ex, or, os, il, ul, o, ans, ens, unx, are, for the most part, Masculines.
    • 2. as, es, is, ax, ix, ux, s, or x after a Conso­nant, i [...], d [...], go, most Feminines.
    • 3. ma, e, al, ar, el, en, ur, us, ut, almost all Neuters.

Except from these general Rules:

• I. Names of Trees.
  • 1. Masculines, spinus and oleaster.
  • 2. Neuters, siler, suber, thus, robur, acer.
• II. Of the first Declension.
  • 1. Masculines, such as denote the Actions or Offices of Men, and Males: as Poeta, scriba, &c.
  • 2. Commons: Auriga, dama, talpa, verna, and Com­pounds in a, derived of a Verb.
• III. Of the se­cond Declen­sion in us.
  • 1. Femi­nines.
    • 1. Such as betoken the Relations, Actions, or Offices of Females.
    • 2. Many Greek Nouns in us, (not eus.)
    • 3. Humus, domus, alvus, [...]lus, vannus.
  • 2. Neuters: Virus, pelagus, vulgus, penus.
• IV. Of the fourth Declension: Ficus, acus, porticus, tribus, manus, idus, all Feminines.
• V. Of the fifth Declension: Dies of the Common Gender, and Meridies of the Masculine.

V: Of the third Declension from

Masculines in

• 1. on. Sindon, gorgon, icon, [...]mazon, Feminines.
• 2. er. Verber, iter, tuber, uber, ver, cadaver, spinter, zinziber, laser, cicer, piper, papaver, siser, Neuters.
• 3. ens. Mens, gens, lens, dis, tis, Feminines; Nefrens, Common.
• 4. ex.
  • Feminines, Supellex, carex, pellex, vibex.
  • Commons, Senex, judex, vindex, imbrex, opifex, forfex, aruspex, and other Compounds ending in fex or spex; also Pumex, cortex, obex, silex, index.
• 5. il. Strigil, Neuter.
• [Page 13]6. ul. Praesul, exul, Commons.
• 7. or
  • 1. Arbor, Fem. and autor, Com.
  • 2. Cor, aequor, ador, marmor, Neuters.
• 8. os.
  • 1. Feminines, Dos, cos, Eos, arbos.
  • 2. Commons, Custos, nepos, bos, sacerdos.
  • 3. Neuters, os,
    • oris, a mouth.
    • ossis, a bone.
• 9. ans. Glans, f. infans, c.
• 10. [...]. Caro, f. homo, nemo, c.

• 1. as. Vas, vădis, mas, ăris, gigas, elephas, adamas, Agragas, G [...] ­ramas, Masc. an as, ăt is, Com. vas, vasis, Neut.
• 2. ax. Some Greek Nouns.
• 3. es.
  • 1. Masculines, Bes, Cres, praes, pes, tapes, verres, Cures, lebes, magnes, aries, paries, fomes, limes, stipes, termes, poples, ames, cespes, palmes, trames, gurges, tudes.
  • 2. Commons, Haeres, Antistes, Miles, interpres, pedes, comes, hospes, ales, praeses, eques, obses, vates.
• 4. ix. Varix, fornix, calix, natrix, ĭcis, Mastix, ĭgis, Onyx, bombyx, Masculines.
• 5. io. Senio, ternio, curculio, opilio, mulio, and others in io, deno­ting a body, Masculines.
• 6. is.
  Mascu­lines.
  • Mascula sunt amnis, natalis, aqualis, ab asse
  • Nata, ut centussis: quibus adde lienis, & orbis,
  • Callis, caulis, follis, collis, mensis, & ensis,
  • Fustis, funis, panis, penit, crinis, & ignis,
  • Cassis, fascis, torris, sentis, piscis, & unguis,
  • Hisce lapis, vermis, vectis, cum postis, & axis,
  • Et sanguis, vomis, cucumis, glis, mugilis, addas.
  • Communis generis cenchris sunt at (que) sodalis,
    Com­mons.
    • Torquis, & extorris, patruelis, per (que) duellis,
    • Affinis, juvenis, testis, civis, canis, hostis;
    • His jungas corbis, clunis, cum reste, canalis,
    • At (que) semis, finis, samuis, pulvis, cinis, anguis.
  • 7. ax. Conjux and dux, with its Compounds, Common.
  • 8. s and x after a Consonant, except Mons, pons, fons, M. calx, C.
  Neuters in
  • 1. al. Annibal, M. sal, M. and N.
  • 2. ar. Lar and salar, M.
  • 3. en. Pecten, lien, ren, splen, lichen, atagen, tibicen, tubicen, hymen, M. Siren, F. Cornicen, C.
  • 4. ur. Furfur, vultur, turtur, M. fur, Ligur, augur, C.
  • 5. us. Mus, lepus, Masc. Opus, untis, pecus, ŭlis, and such as in­crease long in
    Feminines.
    • udis,
    • uris,
    • utis,

Of Irregular Nouns out of the Westminster- Introduction.

IRregular Nouns are such as vary from the common way of Declining, and either

1. Have too much in

1. The Nominative, as

• Baculus, um, a Staff.
• Acetabula, um, a Saucer.
• Aranea, eus, a Spider.
• Antidotus, um, an Antidote.
• Alabaster, strum, Alabaster.
• Cepa, e, an Onion.
• Postulatio, atum, a Postulation.
• Concursio, sus, a Concourse.
• Attagen, ena, a Snite.
• Hebdomas, da, a Week.
• Lampas, ada, a Lamp.
• Juventus, ta, Youth.
• Senectus, ta, Old Age.
• Avarities, tia, Covertousness.
• Materies, ia, Matter.

Some Proper Names which have both the Greek and Latin Termination, as

• Ulysses, eus.
• Adonis, eus.
• Agamemnon, o.
• Amazon, o.
• Evander, drus.
• Geta, tes.
• Ligur, gus.
• Menander, drus.
• Palemo, on.
• Perses, eus.
• Simo, on.
• Thimber, brus.
• Ode, da.

2. Other cases; as Ancil╌ia, ium & iorum, Saturnal╌ia, ium, & iorum, jecur, oris & inoris, the Liver. And these Names following which retain the Greek Termination with the Latin in the Genitive.

• Orestes, e, is.
• Orontes, e, is.
• Laches, ae, etis.
• Calchas, ae, ant is.
• Paschas, ae, & at is.
• Sequester, i, tris.
• Oedipus,
  • i, & odis.
• Polipus,
• Glomus, i, eris.
• Mulciber, eri, eris.
• And other Neuters, espe­cially Names of Feasts.

Likewise Neuters in ma make the Dative and Ablative Plural in matis and matibus; as Dog╌ma, Poe╌ma, Quinquatr╌ia, is & ibus.

3. Declension; as Laurus, pinus, colus, cornus, which make the Genitive singular, the Nominative, Accusative and Vocative Plural in us the Ablative singular in u of the fourth, other Cases of the second Declension.

• S. N. Domus,
• P. N. Domus,
• G. i, ûs,
• G. orum, uum,
• D. ui,
• D. ibus,
• Ac. um,
• Ac. os, us,
• V. us,
• V. us,
• A. o.
• A. ibus

II. Have too little, and want

1. Number, either

1. Singular. Names of 1. Feasts: as

• Saturnalia.
• Parentalia.
• Bachanalia.
• Orgia.
• Dionisia.
• Compitalia.
• Vinalia.
• Ithmia.
• Pythia.
• Olympia.
• Nemea,
• Palaria.
• Batualia.

And 2. some Cities: as

• Bajae.
• Faesulae.
• Fregellae.
• Gades.
• Gabij.
• Locri.
• Athenae.
• Artaxata.
• Bactra.
• Susa.

3. Certain particular Nouns here mentioned:

• Acta, Deeds.
• Adversaria, Posting­books, Journals.
• Aedes, an House.
• Alpes, the Alps.
• Ambages, Preambles.
• Annales, Chronicles of things done from year to year.
• Antes, the uttermost ranks of Vines.
• Antiae, Womens Fore­locks.
• Apinae, Trifles.
• Argutiae, Smartness or Briskness.
• Arma, Weapons.
• Bellaria, Junkets.
• Bigae, a Cart with two Horses.
• Blanditiae, Fair Words.
• Caulae, Sheepcots.
• Caelites, Heavenly In­habitants.
• Calendae, Calends of the Months.
• Cancelli, Lattices.
• Carceres, bounds whence Race-Horses started.
• Castra, a Camp.
• Cete, a Whale.
• Clitellae, a Pannel or Pack-saddle.
• Codicilli, Epistles, Let­ters Patents of a Prince.
• Comitia, an Assem­bly.
• Compita, Cross Ways.
• Crepundia, Rattles.
• Cunabula, Cradles.
• Cunae, Cradles.
• Decimae, Tythes.
• Dirae, Curses.
• Divitiae, Riches.
• Donaria, Offerings to the Gods.
• Dryades, Goddesses of the Woods.
• Esquilliae, a Mountain in Rome.
• Eumenides, Furies.
• Excubiae, Watches and Wards.
• Exequiae, Ceremonies performed at Fune­rals.
• Exta, Intrails of Beasts.
• Exuviae, things that we put off.
• Fasces, a bundle of Rods carried before the Ro­man Consuls, as En­signs of Authority.
• Fasti, Registers Books.
• Fauces, Jaws.
• Feriae, Holy-days.
• Fines, the Borders of a Country.
• Fores, Doors.
• Furfures, the Scurff of the Head.
• Gemini, Twins.
• [Page 16] Gerrae, Hurdles made of Twigs.
• Gesta, famous Exploits.
• Hiberna, Soldiers Win­ter Quarters.
• Id [...]s, Ides of a Month.
• Ilia, the Guts.
• Induciae, Truce.
• Indigetes, Demy Gods.
• Ineptiae, Foolery.
• Inferiae, Sacrifices per­formed to Devils.
• Lectes, small Guts.
• Lamentae, Lamenta­tions.
• Lares, Houshold Gods.
• Lautia vel Lautiae, Al­lowances for the Main­tenance of Foreign Embassadors.
• Lemures, Hobgoblins.
• Liberi, Children.
• Latterae, Learning.
• Lustra, Dens of wild Beasts.
• Magalia,
• Magaria,
• Mapalia,
• Majores, Ancestors.
• Magmata, Pomanders, Wash-balls.
• Magnalia, great and wonderful Works.
• Minutiae, Mites.
• Multitia, fine Clothes.
• Minae, Threatnings
• Nonae, Nones.
• Nugae, Trifles.
• Nares, Nostrils.
• Oblivia, Forgetfulness.
• Opes, Riches.
• Optimates, Grandees.
• Phalerae, Horse-Trap­pings.
• Plagae, Hunters Nets.
• Plerique, Many.
• Plures, More.
• Posteri, Posterity.
• Primores, Nobles.
• Proceres, Peers.
• Parapherna, all things that Women bring their Husbands, be­sides a Portion.
• Praebia, Amulets or Charms hung about Childrens Necks.
• Praecordia, Midriff.
• Primitiae, First-fruits.
• Quadrigae, a Cart with four Horses.
• Quirites, Romans.
• Quisquiliae, the refuse of things.
• Rapicia, the tender Leaves of Rapes.
• Reliquiae, Relicks.
• Rostra, Pulpits.
• Sales, Jests.
• Salebrae, rough pla­ces.
• Scalae, Stairs.
• Scopae, a Besom.
• Scruta, old Raggs.
• Singuli, each.
• Stativa, a standing Camp.
• Spolia, Spoils.
• Superi, the Gods a­bove.
• Suppetiae, Aid or Help.
• Symplegades, the Name of two Islands.
• Taphrae, the Name of a City.
• Tenebrae, Darkness.
• Tesqua, rough pla­ces.
• Thermae, Baths.
• Tonsillae, the Glan­ders.
• Tricae, Gugaws.
• Valvae, folding Doors.
• Verbera, Stripes.
• Vergiliae, the seven Stars.
• Verenda, the privy Parts of a Man or a Woman.
• Vindiciae, an Asser­tion of ones Liber­ty. A Rejoynder in Law.
• Vinacea, Grape-stones.
• Vitalia, Vitals.

2. Plural. 1. Proper Names. 2. Most Names of Corn, Spices, Liquors, Metals, Arts, Vices, Virtues, Diseases and Ages, Except Fabae, Lupini, Zizania, Avenae, Pices, Cerae, Cardui, Urticae, Malvae, Cicutae, Papa­vera, Rosae, Lilia, Aquae, Vina, Musta, Aera, Orichalca, Electra, with these other particular Nouns here mentioned, that follow, that either want the Plural, or have such Cases as are here set down, or else have it very seldom.

• Adeps, Fatness.
• Aevum, a, an Age.
• Aer, the Air.
• Album, a Muster-roll.
• Allium, a, Garlick.
• Arena, Sand.
• Barba, a Beard.
• Bilis, Melancholy.
• Caestus, (r.) Woman's Belt.
• Callum, Brawny skin.
• Cancer, (r.) a Prison.
• Clavus, (r.) a Door­nail.
• Cholera, Choler.
• Crocus, Saffron.
• Cruor, es, (r.) Blood.
• Cutis, (r.) Skin.
• Fama, as, Fame.
• Fames, Hunger.
• Far, rra, Bread-Corn.
• Fascinum, a bewitch­ing.
• Fel, lla, Gall.
• Fimus, Dung.
• Forum, a, a Market­place.
• Fuga, as, a flight.
• Fumus, Smoke.
• Galla, Galls, or Shoe­makers Auls.
• Gaza, Riches.
• Genius, an attendant Angel, good or bad.
• Gloria, as, Glory.
• Gluten; Glue.
• Halec, the Pickle of an Herring.
• Hara, an Hoggs-stye.
• Hepar, a Liver.
• Hilum, the black speck of a Bean.
• Hordeum, a, Barley.
• Humus, the Ground.
• Indoles, towardliness.
• Jubar, a Sun-beam.
• Justitium, a Vaca­tion.
• Juventus, Youth.
• Lac, Milk.
• Lethum, Death.
• Limus, Mud.
• Lues, a Murrain.
• Luculentia, fine spee­ches.
• Lutum, a, Clay.
• Lux, Light.
• Macellum, a Butcher's Stall, Shambles.
• Mel, lla, Honey.
• Meridies, Noon-day.
• Metus, us, (r.) Fear.
• Muscus, Moss.
• Mustum, a, Metheg­lin.
• Mundus, Womens Deck­ing.
• Nihilum, Nothing.
• Nitrum, Salt Petre.
• Oblivio, Forgetfulness.
• Pallor, (r.) Paleness.
• Paupertas, (r.) Po­verty.
• Pax, Peace.
• Pelagus, the Sea.
• Penum, Meat and Drink.
• Pituita, Flegm, or Rheum.
• Plebs, the Common People.
• Pontus, the Sea.
• Proles, es, an Off-spring.
• Prosapia, a Pedigree.
• Pubes, es, ripeness of Age.
• Pudor, es, (r.) Shame.
• Ros, es, (r.) Dew.
• Rus, ra, the Coun­try.
• Sal, es, (r.) Salt.
• Salum, the salt Sea.
• [Page 18] Salus, Health.
• Sanies, an ulcerous Cor­ruption.
• Senium, Old Age.
• Senectus, tes, (r.) Old Age.
• Siler, an Osier.
• Silex, ces, Flint.
• Sitis, Thirst.
• Sitûs, us, Scituation.
• Soboles, an Off-spring.
• Solum, a Soil.
• Sol, es, (r.) the Sun.
• Solium, a, (r.) a Throne, or Chair of State.
• Sopor, Sleep.
• Tabes, a Consumption.
• Talio, like for like.
• Tellus, the Earth.
• Thus, ra, Frankincense.
• Timor, (r.) Fear.
• Tussis, Cough.
• Valetudo, Health.
• Velocitas, Swiftness.
• Ver, the Spring-time.
• Vigor, Liveliness.
• Vinum, a, Wine.
• Virus, Poison.
• Viscum, Birdlime.
• Vita, Life.
• Vitrum, Glass.
• Vulgus, Common-People.

2. Case, as

1. Aptots, which have 1. the same ending in all Cases in singular only.

2. Both Numbers, Gummi, frugi, pondo, nequam.

3. The Plural only, Tempe, tot, quot, and all Cardinal Numbers from quatuor to centum.

2. Monoptots, which have one Case only, as Noctu, natu, jussu, in­jussu, astu, promptu, permissu, inficias, incitas, nauci, expes.

3. Diptots, which have two Cases only, as Fors, forte, impetis-te, tabi, tabo, repetund-arum-is, suppeti-ae-as.

4. Triptots, which have three Cases:

1. Of one ending, viz. Nom. Acc. and Voc. as Cete, fas, nefas.

2. Of two endings, as Nom. Acc. Tantundem, Gen. tantidem.

5. Tetraptots, which have four Cases only, as

• Nemo,
• Vesper,

• Nemini,
• Vesperi,

• Neminem,
• Vesperum,

• Nemine.
• Vespere.

G. Precis, D. Preci, Acc. Precem, Abl. Prece.

III. Change their

1. Gender, and are of one Gender in the Singular Number, and ano­ther in the Plural.

2. Manner of Declining, as

3. Both Gender, and Flection, as Supellex, supellectilis, Plur. supeliectilia.

A VERB hath

I. Four Conjugations, known by the first person singular, which ends in the

• 1. First in o with a Consonant next before o. [Except some few in eo, and more in io, to be learn'd by Use.
• 2. Second in eo.
• 3. Third in o, to be learn'd out of a Book.
• 4. Fourth in io.

II. Four Moods,

• 1. Indica­tive, which hath five Tenses,

  	Signs.
  1. Present­tense,	Active, do, dost, doth.
  	Passive, am, art, is, are.
  2. Preterim­perfect-tense,	Active, did, didst.
  	Passive, was, wast, were.
  3. Preterper­fect-tense,	Active, have, hast, hath.
  	Pass. have been, hast been, hath been.
  4. Preterplu­perfect-tense,	Active, had, hadst.
  	Passive, had been, hadst been.
  5. Future­tense,	Active, shall or will, shalt or wilt.
  	Pass. shall or will be, shalt or wilt be.

• 2. Impera­tive,
  • Active, let.
  • Passive, let be.
• 3. Poten­tial,
  Signs.
  • May or can in the
    • Present-
      • Tense,
        • in the Passive, be.
  • Future-
• Might, would, could, should, or ought in the
  • Preterimperf. alone,
  • Preterperf. have,
    • in the Passive, been.
  • Preterplup. had,
• 4. Infini­tive,
  • 1. Active,
    • 1. Pres. and Preterimperf. to.
    • 2. Preterperf. and Preterpluperf. to have or had.
    • 3. Future-tense, to hereafter.
  • 2. Passive,
    • 1. Pres. and Preterimperf. to be.
    • 2. Preterperf. and Preterpluperf. to have or had been.
    • 3. Future-tense, to be hereafter.

N. B. The Potential Mood is called Subjunctive when it hath the Indi­cative Signs, and is joyned with Quamvis, quanquam, ne, cúm, quod, uti, licet, ut, si, &c. utinam ne, quin.

N. 2. To the Infinitive belong also four Cases singular of the Participle dus, called Gerunds, and besides two Supines, viz, the

• 1. Genitive in di, as amandi of loving, set after certain Substantives and Adjectives which govern a Genitive Case.
• 2. Ablative in do, as amando in loving, put either alone or after one of these Prepositions, A, ab, de, e, ex, cum in pro.
• 3. Nominative
• 4. Accusative
  • in dum,
    • Put alone or absolutely with the Verb est.
    • put after Ad, ob, propter, inter, ante.

• 1. First in um, to; as amatum, to love.
• 2. Second in u, to be; as amatu, to be loved.

Of Participles there are four kinds, one of the

1. Present-tense, whose English ends in ing, his Latin in ans or ens; as lov­ing, am╌ans; read╌ing, leg╌ens.

2. Preter perfect-tense, whose English ends in d, t, or n, his Latin in tus, sus, xus; as lov╌ed, ama╌tus; knit, ne╌xus; seen, vi╌sus.

3. Future, in rus, to or about to; as Lecturus to read, or about to read.

4. Future in dus, to be; as legendus, to be read.

N. B. Certain Verbs in or are Englished with Active Signs only, and called Deponents; some with either Active or Passive, and therefore called Commons. Others in o, with Passive Signs only, thence termed Neuter Passives: Of which three sorts,

1. In Termination, as maereo, maestus, to mourn.

2. In Signification, as vapulo, to be beaten.

3. In Termination and Signification, gaudeo, gavisus, to be glad.

The Formation of Verbs from their Radical Tenses.

Infinitive

• are
  • to
• ēre
• ere
• ire

• 1
  • andi, of.
  • ando, in.
  • andum, to.
• 2 3
  • endi, of.
  • endo, in.
  • endum, to.
• 4
  • iendi, of.
  • iendo, in.
  • iendum, to.

• avisse
  • To have or had.
• uisse
• isse
• ivisse

• 1. atum.
• 2. 3. um.
• 4. itum.

• 1. atu
• 2. 3. u.
• 4. itu.

• aturum
  • esse
    • To here after
• urum
• urum
• iturum

• 1. ans.
  • ing.
• 2. 3. ens,
• 4. iens,
• 1 aturus
  • To or about to.
• 2 3 urus
• 4 iturus

Mood.

• ari
  • To be.
• eri
• i
• iri

• atum
  • esse
    • To have or had been
  • vel
  • fuisse
• 2 3 um
• itum

• atus
• 2 3 us
  • d, t, n.
• itus

• atum iri vel an­dum esse
  • To be here­after.
• um iri vel, en­dum esse
• um iri vel en­dum esse
• itum iri velien­dum esse

• andus
• 2 3 endus to be.
• iendus

Of certain Irregular Verbs.

Eo, is, ivi, ire, eundi, eundo, eundŭ, itŭ, itu, iens, iturus to go, likewise Queo.

Indicative Mood.

Potential Mood.

Infinitive Mood,— Posse to be able.

Indicative Mood.

• Volo vis vult. volumus vultis volunt am willing.
• Nolo nonvis nonvult. nolumus nonvultis nolunt am unwilling.
• Malo mavis mavult malumus mavultis malunt had rather or am more willing.

Imperative Mood.

• Noli do not
• Nolito thou,
• nolite do not
• nolitote ye,

Infinitive Mood.

• Velle to be willing.
• Nolle to be unwilling.
• Malle to be more willing.

These Verbs in all other Tenses of all Moods are varied like Verbs of the Second Conjugation.

Indicative Mood.

Imperat.

Potential.

might would should, &c.

Infinitive.

Pres. Ferre to bear or suffer. Ferri to be born or suffered.

These Verbs in all other Moods and Tenses are of the third Con­jugation, and so is Edo throughout, saving that Es, est, estis, esto, este, estote. Essem, esses, esset, essemus, essemus, essemus, essetis, essent, and esse are sometimes used for the same Tenses and Persons of Edo. Fio is a Neuter Passive of the fourth Conjugation exactly, except Fierem, fieres, fieret, fieremus, fieretis, ficrent and Fieri.

Ambio to go about makes ambiam in the future.

The Gerunds and oblique cases of the Partic. of the Present Tense use eun for ien as Per╌iens per╌euntis eunti eundo &c, Except ambiéns.

Of the Preterperfect Tense and Supine of Verbs of the four Conjugations.

1. Verbs of the first Conjugation make their Preterperfect Tense in avi and Supine in atum.

II. Verbes of the second con­jugation make the Pret. in ui and the Supine in itŭ.

III. Verbs of the third Con­jugation are here ennumerated with their Preterperf. Tenses and Supines.

Such as double the Preterper­provoke fect Tense are,

These following have two of used in Composition only. three Preterperfect Tenses.

These Preterperfect Tenses are

IV. Verbs of the fourth Con­jugation make their Preterper­fect Tense in ivi, and Supine in itum, Except.

Of Compounds.

The Preterperfect Tense is doubled is these only.

Do Sto Oleo

• makes
  • didi
    • venundo
      • dedi
        • Applico
          • make ui or avi
        • Complico
        • Explico
        • Implico
        • Increpo
        • Discrepo
  • pessurdo
  • circundo
  • satisdo
  • abscondo di 3ae
• except
• stiti
• olevi
• except
  • redoleo ui.
  • suboleo

These Verbs in Composition change the first Syl­lable.

1. Of both Present Tense and Preterperfect Tense in

From

• Pasco
  • compesc╌o
    • ui
  • dispesc╌o
• Pario
  • comperio
    • peri
  • reperio
• Juro
  • dejero
    • only
  • pejero
• mando
• commendo
• Halo
• anbelo
• Patior
• perpetior

II. Of the Present Tense, and such as come of that only

Facio— Its Com­pounds with satis bene male, or a Noun.

• Diligo
  • lexi
• Negligo
• Intelligo
• The rest change not:

So these Supines in Composi­tion change thus.

The Compounds of Edo, make esum— But comedo both estum and esum.

Irregular Futures in rus.

These want the Preterperfect Tense and Supines.

And Passives, whose Actives want the Supines. Also Incep­tives in seo and Meditatives

Such as want the Supines only, are before set down in their Or­der, to which add

And also all Neuters of the second Conjugation in eo, except