Finding no Tuscan order amonge the antiquities of Rome, from whence J might haue formed a rule as J have found in the other foure orders; the Dorick, Ionick, Corinthia, & Comparita, J have taken the authoritie of Ʋitruvius in his fourth booke & seventh Chapter, where he Sayes, that the Tuscan Columne ought to be in height with the base and Capital Seven times his owne diameter or thicknes In the rest of the ornaments namely the Architrave Fries and Cornice, it is convenient to observe the rule, which J have found in the other orders, that is, that the Architrave Frise and Cornice may be the fourth parte of the height of the Columne, which is 14 modules with the Base, and Capital, as is Seene set downe by numbers; so also the Architrave, Frise and Cornice Shalbe 3½ modules, which is the fourt ^h parte of 14, the particular members shalbe exactly Set downe in their proper place,

Being to make the Tuscan order with out a pedestal, the whole height Shalbe divided into 17 ½ part ^es and each of those partes shalbe called a Module, which againe wee divide into 12 equal partes, and by these measures at the Saied order is formed with every particular member thereof, as is Seene in the designe Set downe both in whole numbers and fractions

But being to make the Saied order with a pedestal the whole height is to be divided— into 22 partes and ⅙ which is done, because the pedestal requires to be in height the third parte of his Columne with Base and Capital, which being 14 modul ^es, the third parte is 4 modules and ⅔ which added to 17 modules and ½ make together 22 modules and ⅙

Although a pedestal is sildome made to the Tuscan order, yet haue I put it here in designe to follow order, giving you ^to understand that in the five orders I have observed it for a general, and that the pedestals with their ornaments ought to be a third parte of their Columne with Base and Capital, as al the ornaments aboue, that is to Say, the Architruve Frise and Cornice ought to be a fourth parte of the Same, Form which being vnderstood & presuposed there ariseth this great facilitie in the worke that being to make any of these five orders after the height which it ought to have ^is determined it is to be divided into 19 partes with its ornaments (then 3 partes being left aboue for the Architruve and 4 below for the pedestal, the 12 partes remaning are for the height of the Columne with the Base & Capital, which being taken, & making the division of the modules, according as it shalbe either Corinthia or Dorick or the other orders, & then the whole order is made by that module divided into its partes, as Shalbe Seene in its due place; A the Body or Shafe of the Columne: B: Cincta Regula or list: C: Torus: D: the Blinth-E-listello a name most general and vsed in differently in al the like members whether the be lesser or greater F Cimatum. G the Pedestal H listelo I the Blinth of the Pedestal,

Hauing before described in general ^the principal measures for drawing the Tuscane order, J have here and in the foregoing page, designed the partes in great to the ende that you; may See Particularly, the division of every one of the Smalest partes, together with their project­ture and that the clearenesse of the designe with the numbers adjoyned may be Sufficient to mak you understand the thing without many words, as any one may easily know of himselfe with Smale consideration

A. Ouolo. B. Rundel. C. Listello. or. Regula. D. Corona or Dropstone. E. Listetto. F. Cymatium G. Frise H. Facia or List of the Architrave I. Architrave K Chimatium or list of the Abacus L Abacus M Echinus N List, O Frise of the Capital, P Astragal Q Coller of the Columne R the Body of the Columne

The Manner to make the divisions of this Dorick order is this The whole height is devided into 20 partes, and of one of those partes is made the module, which is also devided into 12 partes, like as was done in the Tuscan Order the Base with the list or lowest Cincture of the Columne Shalbe one module, the trunck or Shaft of the Columne without the Base Shalbe 14 modules, the Capital shalbe one module and then the ornamen ^t, that is to Say the Architrave Frise and Cornice shalbe 4 modules, which is the fourth parte of the Columne with the Base and Capital as Wee have Saied before, The Architrave ought to be 1 module the Frise 1½ and the Cornice 1 ½ which added together make 4 modules, and being added to the rest make 20

When you would make the ornament of Galeries or Porticos according to the Dorick order the light (as hath ben Saied) must be divided into 20 partes, and from thence the module must be formed, Then the breadth, must be divided so as betweene the Pilasters there may be 7 modu ^s and that the Pilasters may have 3 modules, For so the — breadth is divided with the height, [...] to the proportion of the opening of the light, of twice the breadth in height, and the distribution of the Metopes and Trigliphs falls right as you See. It Remaines onely to Consider that the Colu­mne ought to Come forth of the Pilaster ⅓ of a module more than the halfe which is done to the intente that the projectures of the imposts may not exeede halfe the Columnes and this Shalbe a general rule in the like cases of al the — orders

Being to make Galeries with their pedestals according to the Dorick order, the whole height ought to be divided into 25 partes and ⅓, and one of those partes Shalbe a module, the breadth betweene the pilasters Shalbe 10 modules, and the breadth of the pilasters Shalbe 5 modules for so the distribution of the metops, and Trigliphs shal fall out right and the voide of the Arches in Such proportio ⁿ that the height shalbe double to the breadth which in height as you may See is of 20 modules

The Pedestal of the Dorick order ought to have 5 modules and ⅓ in height the impost of the Arch designed there aboue one module and the particular members thereof are to be divided according to the members as they are there Set downe A the Chan̄ells of the Columne B the lowest Cincture of the Columne which ought so to be understood of all the orders C Rundel or litle stafe

This parte of the Dorick order is taken from the Theater of marcellus at Rome, as I have said in the preface by way of example, and being designed it retaines the same proportion A Hollow of the upper list, B Denticuli, C Capital of the Trigliph, D Trigliph in which the partes [...] inward are called Channells and the square space of the frise which Remaines betweene one Trigliph and the other is called metope, E Guttae, dropps, or smale bels F Cymatium G Annul [...]t [...], cinctures or Lists

This other peece of the Dorick order is taken from divers reliques amonge the antiquities of Rome, and such a composition is made thereof, which I have found to prove wel in worke A Cymatium, B Modilions a name by which They are al called althought they be of different formes, when they doe the office to sustaine the Coruice, C Astragal.

Being to make the Ionick order without apedestal, the whole height ought to be divided into 22 ½ partes, and of one of those partes is made the module, which is divided into 18 partes, because this order being more gentile then the Tuscane and Dorick, hath olso the partes thereof more slaider, The Columne ought to have 18 modules comprehending the base and Capital, the Architrave 1 ¼ module, The frise 1½ the Cornice 1 ¾ which numbers being added together, make the Architraue Frise and Cornice 4 ½ modules, which is the 4 parte of 13 modules the height of the Columne

When you would make Galeries or Porticos according to the Ionick order, The breadth of the Pilasters shalbe 3 modules and the distance betweene the Pilasters shalbe 8½ modules and the height 17 modules which is the double of the breadth, which is a rule which ought to be observed constantly in all arches of the like ornament, if necessitie doth not Constraine to doe otherwisse

But when you would make Porticos or Galeries according to the Ionick order with Pedestals, the whole height is to be divided into 28 ½ partes, The pedestal with his ornaments being 6 modules, which is the third parte of the Columne with base & Capital which is to be obsarved in al the orders as wee have said, The breadth betweene the Pilasters shalbe 11 modules the height of the arch 22 modules. The breadth of the Pilasters shalbe 4 modules, as you may see noted [...] numbers in the design.

The Cornice of the impost set aboue is one module in height, and the projecture thereof is ⅓ the particul ^ar members may be knowne by the numbers, as also those of the pedestal and [...] A Scotia or upper hollow B Astragals or Rundles [...]

The maner to make the Ionick Capital, as it is here designed in this present figure with the plane and profil for the more Claire [...] understanding there must be two perpendicular lines drawn, all the distance of two modules the one from the other, which may passe b [...]the [...] of the eyes of the volutas, which are called [...] The whole voluta ought to be 16 partes of a module in height whereof 8 are aboue the eye [...] it [...] being two partes and the other 6 remaines [...] the eye. The maner of drawing the voluta [...] designed in the following leafe, where also [...] Shalbe explain [...] much as the space wil pe [...] the maner [...] which you are to proceede

Having drawne the Cathetus of this first voluta, and another line Square to it by the center of the eye, the Saied [...] [...]ided in the manner expressed aboue in the figure A, and is began from the first point marked ī, and there is drowne a fourth parte of a Circle with the compasses then from the point marked 2 is drawne another fourth parte [...] proceeding the three turnes come to be accomplished, Then to make the breadth of the list so as it may be afourth [...] which is left aboue by the first tract so each parte which Sawes for Centers is divided into 4 and afterwards drawing [...] of circles, they Shalbe accomplished by those centers. But to make the voluta after the manner represented underneath the line called [...] be drawne, which shal haue the h [...]ght of 16 partes of a module, whereof a shalbe aboue the center and [...] beneath and one the Saie ^d center, you shal divide the circumference into 8 equal partes, as you See it designed Then afterwards the triangle BCD ought to be made, so as the [...] BC [...]ay be 9 partes of amodiū, and the line CD. 7. and because that it may be Seene and understood by the design [...] [...]d marked with numbers it is sufficient that I have drawn [...] afterwards the points of the line BC ought to be [...] [...] [...]ide the circumference of the voluta, as [...] by numbers, and then b [...]acing from point to [...] the [...] found [...] [...] the first foot of the compasses [...] [...]ning the other foot to the center [...] of the eye of the [...] circumference within the Saie [...] [...] the Compasses you put the first point on the point [...] where [...] that parte of, circumference [...] [...]halbe [...] circumference from 1 to 2 then Set the [...] foot of the compasses on the point and put in the other to the co [...] [...] the voluta & then drawing an arch of a circle as before then without remo [...]ing [...] Set [...] foot upon the point 3 and turning the other foot where it cutts the Saied arch Shalbe the other center which [...] [...]aw [...] the voluta from 2 to 3. And so you [...]hal proceede from point to point

[...] this Corinthian order without a Pedestal the whole height is divided into 25 partes, and the [...] made of one of them, which is divided into 18 partes, as it was in the Ionick order the other principal [...] seene in the figure, and the distance from one Columne to the other ought to be a modules and ⅔, as wel that th [...] architrave aboue be not overcharged, as to accomodate the modilions aboue in the Cornice as they [...] thy to the midle of the Columnes in their [...] [...]ment

To make the Arches of Galeries according to this Corinthian order, you ought to proceede as it is here noted in numbers So as the opening of the Arch may be 9 modules in breadth and 18 modules in height, and the Pilasters shalbe 3 modules

But to make Galeries with pedestal, the whole height shalbe divided into 32 partes, and of one of them Shalbe made the module, 12 of them Shalbe the breadth, and 25 the height of the opening: and although it passeth two squares, it is Convenient in this order in respect of the [...]landernesse thereof. The pilasteres shalbe 4 modules as it is Set downe in the designe

If the pedestal of this Corinthian order be the third parte of the Columne, it shalbe Six modules and ⅔, but it may be made of Sev ^en modules for the more Soliditie, very Conformable and agreable to this order; and also to the ende that the pedest [...]l without the Cimatium and Base, may be two Squar ^es, as may be Seene by the numbers the rest, that is to Say the Cimatium and base, Seeing that the are Set downe in their Smalest partes, as also the impost of the Arch there needes no farther description of them. A the upper Torus. B the lower Torus.

By the ground plat and profil of this Corinthian Capital al the measures may be knowne, by the ground plat the breadths are measured by making a square whose diagonal line shalbe 4 modules, and on one of the Sides of the Square is made an Equilateral triangle as you see in the figure, and Setting one foot of the Compass ^es in the Angle marked ✚ the hollow of the Abacus is drawne, in the profil the height of the leaves, Stems and Abacus, and the extente of the leaves and stems is taken by the line which comes from the point of the Abacus to the round of the Columne, as may be seene by the designe of the profil, the rest may be easily understood with a litle Consideration

A [...] together are called the Abacus of the Capital, but for better understanding A is taken for the Cimatium of the Abacus. C the stem, D the lesser leaves, E the midle leaves, F [...] under leaues, G the slower.

This Corinthian Cornice is taken from divers places at Rome, & principally from the Pantheon or Temple of the round, and from the three Columne ^s which are in the Romain market, and Compairing their principal members, I have Set downe their rule before not differing any thing from the ancients, and reducing itt to that proportion, that a modilion is over the midle of the Columne, and that the eggs, denticles anchors and spondyles answere directly the one to the other, in good order as you may See the meas­ures are supplied by numbers made of modules and partes of modules, the module being divided into 18 as hath bin Said

This Composita Pedestal keepes the proportion of the Corinthian and hath no other difference of members but in the Cymatium and basment, as may be Seene. And because the ornaments of the Composita have the Same proportion with the Corinthian, I have supposed it not necessarie to make these Columne and Arches aparte, reffering to the Corinthian Columnes and Arches. Only [...] given the diversitie of the Base and Capital, and other ornaments, as may be Seene in their peaces

This ground plat and profil of the Composita Capital, proceeds in the Same manner as the Corinthian before described, it onely differs in this, that where the Corinthian hath its Stems, the Composita hath volutas made after the Same manner with the Ionick. The ancient Romaines taking one parte of the Ionick and another parte of the Corinthian have made this Composition to vnite together as much as was possible al that which was beutiful in one onely parte

This peece of the Composita order, that is to Say the Capital, Architrave, fr [...]se, and Comice, is also drawne from divers places amonge the Antiquities of Rome, and is Reduced to proportion as hath bin Saied of the Corinthian which being noted with numbers is sufficiently Cleare of it selfe

Amonge the antiquities of Rome there are found almost infinite varieties of Capitals which have noe proper name, but may be Comprehended altogether under that general word Composita, and also they follow the principal measures of other Compositas, derived onely from the Ionick and corinthian, It is true that in Some of them we shal See the images of liueing Creatures in steade of stemes, in others Cormicopias, and in others divers other things according as they found them to ^Saw their purpose in their designes, as may be Iudged by this present design, the which hath 4 eagles inplase of the Stem, & in place of the slowers 4 faces of Iupiter with lightening underneath, as you may easily, that it was in a Temple consecrated to Iupiter, the Same may be Saied of the other which hath 4 griffens in place of stems, and 4 eagles in the midle with a dogg in their clawes, that it: was appropriated to som other of their Idols, ther proportion except the Images of the liuing creatures, is like to the Corinthian.

This base is called Attick by Vitruvius in his 3 ^d book and 3 ^d chap: as being first found and put in worke by the Athenians, in our time it is vsed to be Set in worke in differently under the Corinthian Composita, Ionick and Dorick, but it hath more affinitie with the composita than with any other order, and is also tolerable in the Ionick, when wee vse not the proper base thereof, but, vnder the other orders IIudge it altogether impertinent and can giue many Reasons for it, but I wil not trouble my Selfe to Speake of things past built, ^with So great licence, It is sufficient in the same order as before that I Shew the Partition thereof, which ariseth from amodule divided into 18. partes, as in the Ionick and Corinthian

Colum ⁿes are diminished in divers manners, two whereof I Set downe here which are excep [...] [...] fast and most knowne is, that the height and thicknes of the columne being terminated, and how much [...], at the third parte upward from the base where the lessening begins is drawne a Semicircle, and [...] partes of the Semicircle which are without the perpendicular lines falling on the Said circle from the lesser parte of the columne are divided into as many equal partes as you wil, and also the two thirds of the columne is divided into as many partes by transvers lines and where the perpendicular and transvers lines meete Shatbe the termes of the diminishing as may be Seene in the figure, this sorte of columne is vsed in the Tuscane and Dorick The other manner I have found of my selfe by considering, and although it be lesse knowne yet it is easie to comprehend by the lineaments, I Say onely that al the partes being terminated as is Saied, an indeterminate right line ought ^to be drawne at the thi [...] [...] base, which begins from C and passeth by D, then taking the measure D and Setting it from A [...] the perpendicular in the pound, and extend AB to E where it intersects the line CD prolonged, and from E draw as many lines as [...] by the perpendicular to the circumference, and set the measure CD or each of these lines from the perpendicular towards the circumference both aboue, and beneath the third parle and you have the limits of the [...] this sorte of Columne maybe vsed in the Ionick Corinthian and Comp [...] These Straight Columnes being drawne as you see if you [...] them as these are at S ^t Peters Church at Rome you must draw the ground plat as here you see, and the Smale Circle in the midle (which is as much as you would wreath it) & divede it into 8 equal p ^ts, and draw [...] lines parallel to the perpendicular then divide the whole Columne into [...]8 partes & forme from thence the Spiral line in the midle, which [...] columne from line to line as you see [...] you must observe that the [...] numbers 1 2 3 4 marked on the ground plat serves [...] the beginning ought to be from [...] you must follow the turning of the Smale Circle to [...] the rest you [...] as below

This Cornice, [...] I have [...] any time [...] for the finishing of Frontispi [...] and [...] found it to be very acceptable and [...] it be of my one invention I have not thought it impertinent to place it here at the ende [...]f [...] Smale worke to satisfie those that w [...]uld use it, the proportion with the Frontspi [...] is thus, the whole height being divided into 11 partes, there remaines one for the Cornice and 10 for the fronti [...] [...]e, the re [...] is Cleare