IN the first Chapters of this Epistle, the Apostle from Scripture, and the constant practice of all sorts of men, of all Ages, Jews and Gen­tiles, Wise and Barbarians, proves all the world, and every indivi­dual therein, to have sinned and come short of the glory of God: And not only so, but that it was utterly impossible, that by their own strength, or by virtue of any assistance com­municated, or priviledges enjoyed, they should ever attain to a righteousness of their own, that might be ac­ceptable unto God.

Hereupon he concludes that Discourse with these two positive Assertions:

1 That for what is past, every mouth must be stopped, and all the world become guilty before God. Chap. 3. v. 19.

2 For the future, though they should labour to a­mend their wayes, and improve their Assistances and Priviledges to a better advantage then formerly, yet by the deeds of the Law, shall no flesh be justified in the sight of God. v. 20.

Now it being the main drift of the Apostle, in this Epistle, and in his whole Employment, to manifest that God hath not shut up all the Sons of men, hope­less and remediless under this Condition; he imme­diatly, discovers and opens the rich Supply, which God in Free-grace hath made and provided, for the delivery of his Own from this calamitous estate, even by the Righteousness of Faith in Christ, which he un­foldeth, asserteth, proves, and vindicates from Ob­jections to the end of the 3 ^d Chapter.

This being a matter of so great weight, as, com­prizing in it self the summe of the Gospel wherewith he was entrusted; the honor and exaltation of Christ, which above all he desired; the great design of God to be glorious in his Saints, and in a word, the chief subject of the Ambassage from Christ, to him commit­ted, (to wit, That they who neither have, nor by any means can attain a Righteousness of their own, by the ut­most of their workings, may yet have that which is compleat and unrefusable in Christ, by beleiving) he therefore strongly confirms it in the fourth Chapter, by testimony and example of the Scripture, with the Saints that were of old: Thereby also declaring, That though the manifestation of this Mystery, were now [Page 3] more fully opened by Christ from the bosome of the Fa­ther, yet indeed this was the only way for any to ap­pear in the presence of God, ever since Sin entred into the world.

To make his Demonstrations the more evident, he singleth out one for an example, who was eminently known, and confessed by all to have been the friend of God, to have been righteous and justified before him, and thereon to have held sweet Communion with him all his dayes; to wit, Abraham, the father according to the flesh, of all those, who put in the strongest of all men for a share in Righteousness, by the Priviledges they did enjoy, and the works they did perform.

Now concerning him, the Apostle proves abundant­ly in the beginning of the fourth Chapter, That the Justi­fication which he found, and the Righteousness he at­tained, was purely that, and no other, which he before described; to wit, a Righteousness in the forgiveness of Sins, through Faith in the blood of Christ.

Yea, and that all the priviledges and exaltations of this Abraham, which made him so signal and eminent among the Saints of God, as to be called the Father of the faithful, were meerly from hence, That this Righ­teousnesse of Grace, was freely discovered, and fully established unto him: an Enjoyment being granted him in a peculiar manner, by Faith, of that promise, wher­in the Lord Christ with the whole spring of the Righ­teousnes mentioned, was enwrapped.

This the Apostle pursues with sundry and various Inferences, and Conclusions, to the end of Vers. 17. Chap. 4

Having laid down this, in the next place he gives us a Description of that Faith of Abraham, whereby he became Inheritor of those excellent things, from the [Page 4] Adjuncts of it. That as his Justification was proposed as an Example of Gods dealing with us by his Grace, so his Faith might be laid down as a pattern for us, in the receiving that Grace.

Now this he doth, from

• 1 The foundation of it, whereon it rested.
• 2 The matter of it, what he believed.
• 3 The manner of it, or how he believed.

1, From the bottome and foundation on which it rested, viz. The Omnipotency or Al-sufficiency of God, whereby he was able to fulfil whatever he had engaged himself unto by promise, and which he called him to believe, vers. 14. He believed him who quickneth the dead, and calleth those things which be not, as though they were.

Two great Testimonies are here of the power of God: 1 That he quickneth the dead, able he is to raise up those that are dead to life again. 2 He calleth things that are not, as though they were: by his very call or word, gives being to those things which before were not: as when he said, Let there be light, there was light, Gen. 1. 3. by that very word, commanding light to shine out of darkness, 2 Cor. 4. 6.

These Demonstrations of Gods Al-sufficiency he considereth in peculiar reference to what he was to believe; to wit, That he might be the Father of many Na­tions, vers. 11. of the Jews according to the flesh, of Jews and Gentiles, according to the Faith whereof we speak.

1 For the first, his Body being now dead, and Sarahs wombe dead, vers. 19. he rests on God as quickening the dead, in believing that he shall be the father of many Na­tions.

2 For the other, that he should be a Father of the Gentiles by Faith, the holy Ghost witnesseth that they were not a people, Hos. 2. 23. the implanting of them in [Page 5] his stock, must be by a power, that calleth things that are not, as though they were: giving a new nature, and being unto them, which before they had not.

To bottome our selves upon the Al-sufficiency of God, for the accomplishment of such things, as are altogether impossible to any thing, but that Alsufficiency, is faith indeed, and worthy our immitation: It is also the wisdome of Faith, to pitch peculiarly on that in God, which is accommoda­ted to the difficulties wherewith it is to wrestle: Is Abraham to believe, That from his dead body, must springe a whole Nation? he rests on God, as he that quickeneth the dead.

2, His Faith is commended from the matter of it, or what he did believe: which is said in general to be the promise of God: verse 20. He staggered not at the promise of God through unbelief. And particularly the matter of that promise is pointed at, vers. 11. 18. that he should be the father of many Nations; that was his being a father of many nations, of having all nations blessed in his seed. A matter entangled with a world of difficulties, consider­ing the natural inability of his Body, and the Body of Sarah, to be Parents of Children

When God calls for believing, his Truth and Alsufficiency being ingaged, no difficulty nor seeming impossibilities, that the thing to be believed is, or may be attended withal, ought to be of any weight with us: he who hath promised, is able.

3, From the manner of his believing, which is expres­sed Four wayes.

1 Against Hope, he believed in Hope: verse 18. Here is a twofold Hope mentioned, one that was against him, the other, that was for him.

1 He believed against Hope, that is, when all Argu­ments that might beget Hope in him, were against him.

against Hope, is against all motives unto Hope whatever. All Reasons of natural hope were against him: What Hope could arise, in, or by Reason, that two dead Bodies, should be the Source and Fountain of many Nations? so that against all inducements of a natural Hope he believed.

2 He believed in Hope: That is such Hope as arose as his Faith did from the consideration of Gods Alsuffi­ciency; this is an Adjunct of his Faith, it was such a Faith as had Hope adjoyned with it: And this be­lieving in Hope, when all Reasons of Hope were away, is the first thing that is set down, of the manner of his Faith.

In a decay of all Natural helps, the deadness of all meanes, an appearance of an utter Impossibility, that ever the promise should be accomplished, then to believe with unfeigned Hope, is a commendable Faith.

2 He was not weak in faith: vers. 19. [...], not weak, is the 2 ^d thing. Minime debilis: Beza. He was by no means weak. A negation, that by a figure ( [...]) doth strongly assert the contrary, to that which is de­nied. He was no way weak; that is, He was very strong in Faith, as is afterwards expressed, vers. 20. He was strong in Faith giving glory to God.

And the Apostle tells you, wherein this his, not weak­ness did appear: saith he, He considered not his own body being now dead, when he was about an hundred yeers old, nei­ther yet the deadness of Sara's wombe: verse 19. It was seen in this, that his Faith carried him above the conside­ration of all impediments, that might lie in the way to the accomplishment of the promise.

It is meer weakness of Faith, that makes a man lye poering on the difficulties and seeming impossibilities that lye upon the [Page 7] promise. We think it our wisdome, and our strength, to consider, weigh and look into the bottome of oppositions, and temptations, that arise against the Promise. Perhaps it may be the strength of our fleshly, carnal Reason; but certainly, it is the weak­ness of our Faith: He that is strong in Faith, will not so much as debate or consider the things, that cast the greatest seeming improbability, yea impossibility, on the fulfilling of the promise. It will not afford them a Debate or Dispute of the Cause, nor any considera­tion, being not weak in Faith, he considered not.

3 He was fully perswaded, verse 21. [...], he was persuasionis plenus, fully perswaded: this is the 3 ^d thing that is observed in the manner of his believing. He fully, quietly, resolvedly cast himself on this, That he who had promised was able to performe it. As a Ship at Sea, (for so the word imports) looking about, and seeing storms and winds arising, sets up all her Sayles, and with all speed, makes to the Harbour. Abraham seeing the storms of doubts and temptations, likely to rise against the Promise made unto him, with full sayl breaks through all, to lie down quietly in Gods Al-sufficiency. And this is the 3 ^d.

4 The 4 ^th is, That he staggered not, verse 20. This is that which I have chosen to insist on unto you, as a choice part of the commendation of Abraham's faith, which is proposed for our imitation:

He staggered not at the promise of God through unbelief.

The words may be briefly resolved into this Do­ctrinal Proposition:

Obſ. All staggering at the promises of God is from unbelief.

What is of any difficulty in the Text, will be cleer­ed in opening the parts of the Observation.

[Page 8] Men are apt to pretend sundry other Reasons and Causes of their staggering. The Promises do not be­long unto them, God intends not their souls in them, they are not such, and such, and this makes them stagger: when the Truth is, it is their unbelief, and that alone, that puts them into this staggering condi­tion. As in other things, so in this, we are apt to have many fair pretences for foul faults. To lay the Bur­den on the right shoulders, I shall demonstrate by Gods assistance, that it is not this, or that, but unbelief alone, that makes us stagger at the Promises.

To make this the more plain, I must open these two things:

• 1 What is the Promise here intended?
• 2 What it is, to stagger at the Promise?

The promise here mentioned is principally that which Abraham believing, it was said eminently, That it was accounted to him for Righteousness: So the Apostle tells us, verse 5. of this Chaper: when this was, you may see Gen. 15. vers. 6. there it is affirmed, That he believed the Lord, and it was accounted to him for Righteousness. That which God had there spoken to him of, was about the multiplying of his seed as the stars of heaven, whereas he was yet childless.

The last verse of Chapter 14, leaves Abraham full of earthly Glory. He had newly conquered five Kings with all their host: honoured by the King of Sodom, and blessed by the King of Salem; and yet in the first verse of Chap. 15. God appearing to him in a vision, in the very entrance bids him FEAR NOT: plainly intima­ting, That notwithstanding all his outward successe and glory, he had still many perplexities upon his Spirit, and had need of great Consolation and esta­blishment: [Page 9] Abraham was not cleer in the accomplish­ment of former Promises about the blessed seed, and so though he have all outward advancements, yet he cannot rest in them. Until a child of God be cleer in the main, in the matter of the great Promise, the business of Christ, the greatest outward Successes and Advantages, will be so far from quieting and settling his mind, that they rather increase his perplexities. They do but occasion him to cry, Here is this, and that; here is victory, and success; here is wealth, and peace; but here is not Christ.

That this was Abraham's condition, appears from vers. 2. of that Chapter, where God having told him, That he was his sheild, and his exceeding great reward. He replyes, Lord God, what wilt thou give me, seeing I go child­less? As if he should have said, Lord God, thou toldest me when I was in Haran, now 19. years ago, That in me and my seed, all the families of the Earth should be blessed, Gen. 12. 3. That the blessed, blessing seed, should be of me: but now I wax old, all appearances grow up against the direct accomplishment of that word, and it was that, which above all in following thee, I aimed at; if I am disappointed therein, what shall I do? and what will all these things avail me? what will it benefit me, to have a multitude of earthly enjoy­ments, and leave them in the close to my Servant?

I cannot but observe, That this sighing mournful complaint of Abraham, hath much infirmity, and some­thing of diffidence, mixed with it. He shakes in the very bottom of his soul, that improbabilities were growing up as he thought to impossibilities, against him, in the way of the Promise: Yet hence also mark these two things:

[Page 10] 1 That he doth not repine in himself, and keep up his burning thoughts in his brest, but sweetly breaths out the burden of his Soul, into the bosome of his God: Lord God, (saith he) what wilt thou give me seeing I go childless? It is of sincere Faith, to unlade our unbeleif, in the bosome of our God.

2 That God takes not his Servant at the Advantage of his complaining and diffidence: but lets that pass, until having renewed the Promise to him, and settled his Faith, then he gives in his Testimony, That he be­leived God. The Lord overlooks the weakness, and causless wailings of his, takes them at the best, and then gives his wit­nesse to them.

This I say was the Promise whereof we spake, That he should have a seed of his own, like the stars that cannot be numbered, Gen. 15. v. 4, 5. And herein are con­tained Three things.

1 The purely spiritual part of it, that concerned his own soul in Christ. God ingaging about his seed, minds him of his own Interest, in the blessing bring­ing seed. Jesus Christ, with his whol Mediation, and his whole work of Redemption is in this Promise, with the enjoyment of God in Covenant, as a sheild, and as an exceeding great Reward.

2 The kingdom of Christ in respect of the Propa­gation and Establishment of it, with the multitude of his subjects, that also is in this Promise.

3 The temporal part of it, multitudes of Children to a Childless man: and an Heir from his own bowels.

Now this Promise in these 3 Branches, takes up your whole Interest, comprizes all you are to beleive for: be you considered, either as Beleivers, or as Rulers.

1 As Beleivers: So your Interest lies in these Two [Page 11] things: 1 That your own souls have a share and por­tion in the Lord Christ: 2 That the kingdom of the Lord Jesus be exalted and established.

2 As Rulers: That peace and prosperity may be the inheritance of the Nation, is in your desires: look up­on this in subordination to the kingdom of Christ, and so all there are in this Promise.

To make this more plain, these being the Three main things that you ayme at; I shall lay before you Three Promises, suted to these several things, which or the like, you are too view in all your actings, all staggering at them, being from unbelief.

1, The first thing you are to beleive for, is the Interest of your own souls in the Covenant of Grace, by Christ: as to this I shall only point unto that Pro­mise of the Covenant, Heb. 8. 12. I will be merciful to tbeir unrigbteousness, and their sins, and their iniquities, I will re­member no more.

2, The second is the establishment of the King­dom of Christ, in despite of all opposition: and for this amongst innumerable, take that of Isa. 60. 11. Therefore thy Gates shall be open continually, they shall not be shut day nor night, that men may bring unto thee the forces of the Gentiles, and that their Kings may be brought; for the Nation and Kingdom that will not serve thee, shall perish.

3, The quiet and peace of the Nation, which ye regard as Rulers, as it stands in subordination to the kingdom of Christ, comes also under the Promise, for which take that of Jeremiah 30. 20, 21.

These being your three main ayms, let your eye be fixed on these three, or the like Promises; for in the Demonstration and the Use of the Point, I shall carry along all Three together: desiring that what is in­stanced [Page 12] in any one, may be alwayes extended to both the other.

2 What is it to stagger at the Promise: He staggered not. [...] he disputed not; [...] is proper­ly to make use of our own Judgement and Reason, in discerning of things, of what sort they be. It is some­time rendred, to doubt; Matth. 21. 21. If you have faith [...], and doubt not; that is, not use ar­guings and reasonings in your selves concerning the Promise and things promised. Sometimes it simply denotes to discern a thing as it is: so the word is used 1 Cor. 11. 29. [...] discerning the body.

In the sense wherein it is here used, as also Matth. 21. 21. it holds out, as I said, a self-consultation and dispute, concerning those contrary things that are proposed to us. So also Acts 10. 20. Peter is commanded to obey the Vision, [...] nothing doubting: What is that? Why, a not continuing to do, what he is said to have done, verse 17. He doubted in himself, what the Vision he had seen should mean: He rolled, and disputed it in his own thoughts, he staggered at it.

To stagger then at the Promise, is to take into Conside­ration the Promise it self, and withal, all the difficul­ties that lie in the way for the accomplishment of it, as to a mans own particular, and there so to dispute it in his thoughts, as not fully to cast it off, nor fully to close with it. For Instance, The Soul considers the Promise of Free-grace in the bloud of Jesus, looks upon it, weighs as well as it is able, the Truth of God, who makes the Promise, with those other considera­tions, which might lead the heart to rest firmly upon it; but withal, takes into his thoughts, his own un­worthiness, sinfulness, unbelief, hypocrisie, and the [Page 13] like; which as he supposes, powerfully stave off the Efficacy of the Promise from him. Hence he knows not what to conclude: if he ad a grain of faith, the scale turns on the side of the Promise; the like quantity of unbelief, makes it turn upon him: & what to do he knows not: let go the Promise he cannot, take fast hold he dares not; but here he staggers and wavers to and fro.

Thus the Soul becomes to be like Paul, in another case, Phil. 1. 23. He considered his own Advantage on the one side by his dissolution, and the profit of the Churches by his abiding in the flesh, on the other; and taking in these various thoughts, he cryes out, He is in a straight, he staggered, he was betwixt two, and knew not which to chuse: or as David, 2 Sam. 24. 14. when he had a tender of several Corrections made to him, sayes, I am in a great straight; he sees evil in every one, and knows not which to chuse.

A poor creature looking upon the Promise sees, as he supposes, in a stedfast closing with the Promise, that there lyes presumption; on the other hand, cer­tain destruction, if he beleives not: and now he stag­gers, he is in a great straight: Arguments arise on both sides, he knows not how to determine them, and so hanging in suspense, he staggereth.

Like a man travailing a Journey, and meeting with two several paths, that promise both fairly, and he knows not which is his proper way; he ghesses, and ghesses, and at length cryes, Well, I know not which of these wayes I should go, but this is certain, if I mistake, I am undone, I'le go in neither, but here I'le sit down, and not move one step in either of them, until some one come, that can give me direction. The Sonl very frequently sits down in this haesitation, and re­fuses [Page 14] to step one step forwards, till God come mighti­ly and lead out the Spirit to the Promise, or the De­vil turn it aside to unbeleif.

It is, as a thing of small weight in the Air: the weight that it hath, carries it downwards; and the Air, with some breath of wind, bears it up again: so that it waves to and fro: sometimes it seems as though it would fall, by it's own weight, and sometimes again, as though it would mount quite out of sight, but poyzed between both, it tosseth up and down, with­out any great gaining either way.

The Promise, that draws the Soul upward, and the weight of its unbelief, that sinks it downward: some­time the Promise attracts so powerfully, you would think the heart quite drawn up into it: and sometime again, unbelief presses down, that you would think it gon for ever; but neither prevails utterly, the poor Creatures swaggs between both, this it is to stagger: like the two Disciples going to Emaus, Luke 24. v. 14. They talked together of the things that were happned: deba­ted the businesse: and verse 22. they gave up the re­sult of their thoughts; They trusted it had been he that should have redemed Israel. They trusted once, but now seeing him slain and crucified, they know not what to say to it: What then? do they quite give over all trusting in him? No, they cannot do so, verse 23, 24, 25. Certain Women had astonished them, and affirmed that he was risen: yea, and others also going to his grave found it so: hereupon they have communication within themselves, and are sad, verse 17. that is, they staggered; they were in a staggering condition: much appears for them, some­thing against them, they know not what to do.

A poor soul that hath been long perplext in trouble [Page 15] and anxiety of mind, finds a sweet promise, Christ in a promise suted to all his wants, coming with Mercy to pardon him, with Love to embrace him, with Bloud to purge him, and is raised up to roll himself in some measure upon this Promise: On a suddain, Terrors arise, Temptations grow strong, new Corruptions break out, Christ in the Promise dies to him, Christ in the Promise is slain, is in the grave as to him; so that he can only sigh and say, I trusted for deliverance by Christ, but now all is gone again, I have little or no hope, Christ in the Promise is slain to me: What then? shall he give over, never more enquire after this buried Christ, but sit down in darknesse and sor­row? No, he cannot do so: This morning, some new Arguments of Christs appearance again upon the Soul, are made out: it may be, Christ is not for ever lost to him. What does he then? stedfastly believe he cannot; totally give over he will not: He staggers: he is full of self-communications and is sad. This it is, to stagger at the promise of God. I come now to prove, That notwithstanding any pretences whatever, All this staggering is from unbelief.

The two Disciples whom we now mentioned that staggered and disputed between themselves in their Journey to Emaus, thought they had a goodly Reason, and a sufficient appearing Cause of all their doubt­ings: We hoped (say they) that it was he, that should have delivered Israel. What do they now stand at? Alass! the chief Priests and Rulers have condemned him to death, and Crucified him, Luke 24. 20. And is it possible that deli­verance should arise from a Crucified man? This makes them stagger. But when our Saviour himself draws nigh to them, and gives them the ground of all [Page 16] this, he tells them it is all from hence; they are foolish and slow of heart to believe, verse 25. Here is the rise of all their doubtings, even their unbelief. Whilst you are slow of heart to believe, do not once think of establish­ment.

Peter venturing upon the waves at the command of Christ, Matth. 14. seing the winde to grow boystrous, v. 29. he also hath a storm within, and crys out, Oh save me: What was now the Cause of Peter's fear, and crying out? why the Wind and Sea grew boysterous, and he was ready to sink: no such thing; but meerly un­belief, want of Faith: verse 31. O thou of little Faith (saith our Saviour) wherefore diddest thou doubt? it was not the great winds, but thy little Faith that made thee stagger. And in three or four other places, upon seve­ral occasions, doth our Saviour lay all the wavering and staggering of his followers, as to any promised mercy, upon this score, as Matth. 6. 30. and 8. 26.

Isa. 7. Ahaz being afraid of the Combination of Sy­ria and Ephraim against him, received a promise of de­liverance by Isaiah, verse 7. whereupon the Prophet tells him and all Judah, That if they will not believe, surely they shall not be established, verse 9. He doth not say, If Damascus and Ephraim be not broken, you shall not be established; no, the stick is not there: The fear that you will not be established, ariseth meerly from your unbelief, that keeps you off from closing with the Pro­mise, which would certainly bring you establish­ment.

And this is the sole Reason the Apostle gives, why the word of Promise being Preached, becomes un­profitable; even because of unbelief: It was not mix­ed with faith, Heb. 4. 2.

[Page 17] But these things will be more cleer under the Demonstrations of the Point; which are Two:

1. Dem. When a man doubts, haesitates and disputes any thing in himself, his Reasonings must have their Rise, either from something within himself, or from some­thing, in the things concerning which he staggereth: Either Certitudo mentis, the assurance of his mind, or Certitudo entis, the certainty of the thing it self, is wanting.

He that doubteth whether his friend in a far country be alive or no, his staggering ariseth from the uncer­tainty of the thing it self: when that is made out, he is resolved, as it was with Jacob in the Case of Joseph. But he that doubteth, whether the Needl in the Compass, being touched with the Loadstone, will turn North­ward; all the uncertainty is in his own mind.

When men stagger at the Promises, this must arise ei­ther from within themselves, or some occasion must be administred hereunto, from the Promise. If from within themselves, that can be nothing but unbelief; an in-bred obstacle to closing with, and resting on the Promise, that is unbelief. If then we demonstrate, that there is nothing in the Promise, either as to the matter, or manner, or any attendency of it, that should occasion any such staggering, then we lay the burden and blame on the right shoulders, the sin of staggering on unbelief.

Now that any Occasion is not administred, nor Cause given, of this staggering, from the Promise, will appear, if we consider seriously whence any such Occasion or Cause should arise. All the stability of a [Page 18] Promise, depends upon the Qualifications of the Pro­miser, to the ends and purposes of the promise. If a man make me a Promise to do such and such things for me, and I question, whether ever it will be so, or no; it must be from a doubt of the want of one of these things in him that makes the Promise: either 1 of Truth, or 2 ^d of Ability to make good his word, be­cause of the difficulty of the thing it self; or 3 ^d of Sincerity to intend me really, what he speaks of; or 4 ^th of constant Memory to take the Opportunity of do­ing the thing intended; or 5 ^th of stableness to be still of the same mind. Now if there be no want of any of these, in him whose Promises we speak of, there is then certainly no ground of our staggering, but only from our Own unbelief.

Let us now see whether any of these things, be wanting to the Promises of God: and begin we with the First:

1 Is there Truth in these Promises? If there be the least Occasion in the world, to suspect the Truth of the promises, or the Veracity of the Promiser, then may our staggering at them, arise from thence, and not from our unbelief. On this ground it is, That all hu­mane Faith, that is bottomed meerly on the Testimo­ny of man, is at best but a probable Opinion: for e­very man is a lyar, and possibly may lye, in that very thing, he is ingaged to us in. Though a Good man will not do so, to save his life, yet it is possible, he may be tempted, he may do so: But now the Author of the Promises whereof we speak, is Truth it self. The God of Truth. Who hath taken this as his special Attri­bute, to distinguish him, from all other. He is the ve­ry [Page 19] God of Truth; and holds out this very Attribute in a special manner, in this very thing, in making of his Promise. He is faithful to forgive us our sins, 1 Joh. 1. 9. whence his Word is said, not only to be true, but Truth, Joh. 17. 19. Truth it self: All flesh is as grass, but his Word abideth for ever, Isa 44. 1.

But yet further, that it may be evident, that from hence there can be no Occasion of staggering. This God of Truth, whose Word is Truth, hath in his infinite Wis­dom, condescended to our weakness, and used all possible means, to Cause us to apprehend the Truth of his Promises. The Lord might have left us in the dark, to have gathered out his Mind and Will to­wards us, from obscure Expressions: and knowing of what value his Kindness is, it might justly be ex­pected that we should do so. Men in misery, are glad to lay hold of the least word, that drops from him, that can Relieve them, and to take Courage and Ad­vantage upon it: As the Servants of Benhadad, watch­ed diligently, what would fall from the mouth of A­hab, concerning their Master, then in fear of death: and when he had occasionally called him his Brother, they presently laid hold of it, and cry, Thy Brother Ben­hadad: 1 King. 20. 35. God might have left us, and yet have manifested much Free-grace, to have gather­ed up falling Crums, or occasional droppings of Mer­cy, and supply: that we should have rejoyced to have found out one word looking that way: But to shut up all Objections, and to stop for ever the mouth of un­belief; he hath not only spoken plainly, but hath con­descended to use all the ways of confirming the Truth of what he sayes and speaks, that ever were in use, a­mong the sons of men.

[Page 20] There be Four wayes, whereby men seek to obtain credit to what they speak, as an undoubted Truth, that there may be no Occasion of staggering.

1, By often avering and affirming of the same thing. When a man sayes the same thing again and again, it is a sign that he speaks the Truth, or at least that he would be thought so to do. Yea, if an honest man, do cleerly, fully, plainly, often ingage himself to us in the same thing, we count it a vile jealousie not to believe the real Truth of his Intentions. Now the Lord in his Promises often speaks the same things, He speaks once and twice. There is not any thing, that he hath Promised us, but he hath done it, again, and a­gain. For instance; as if he should say, I will be merciful to your sins, I pray believe me, for, I will par­don your iniquities, yea it shall be so, I will blot cut your Transgressions as a cloud. There is not any want, where­unto we are liable, but thus he hath dealt concerning it. As his Command is line upon line, so is his Promise. And this is one way, whereby God causeth the Truth of his Promises to appear. To take away all colour of staggering, he speaks once, yea twice, if we will hear.

2, The Second way of Confirming any Truth, is by an Oath. Though we fear the Truth of some men in their Assertions, yet when once they come to Swear any thing in Justice and Judgement, there are very few so knownly profligate, and past all sense of God, but that their Asseverations do gain Credit, and passe for Truth. Hence the Apostle tells us, Heb. 6. 16. That an Oath for Confirmation, is to men an end of all strife. Though the Truth be before, ambiguous and doubtful, yet [Page 21] when any interposes with an Oath, there is no more Contest amongst men. That nothing may be wanting to win our Belief to the Promises of God, he hath ta­ken this Course also, he hath sworn to their Truth, Heb. 6 13. When God made Promises to Abraham, because he could swear by no greater, he sware by himself. He confirms his Promise by an Oath. O faelices nos, quorum causa Deus jurat, ô infaelices, si nec juranti Deo credimus! When Christ came, in whom all the Promises of God, are, Yea and Amen, to make sure work of the Truth of them, he is confirmed in his Administrations, by an Oath: Heb. 7. 21. He was made a Priest by an Oath, by him that said, The Lord sware, and will not repent, thou art a Priest for ever: Now I pray, what is the cause of this great Conde­scention in the God of Heaven, to confirm that word, which in it self, is Truth, by an Oath? The Apostle satisfies us as to the End aimed at, Heb. 6. 17, 18. This was (saith he) the Aim of God herein, That his Peo­ple seeing him ingaged, by two such immutable things, as his Promise and his Oath, may be assured that there is an utter impossibility, That any one word of his should come short of it's Truth; or that they firmly resting upon it, should be deceived thereby. And this is a Second way.

3, Another Course wherby men Confirm the Truth of what they speak, is, by entring into Covenant, to accom­plish what they have spoken. A Covenant gives strength to the Truth of any ingagement. When a man hath but told you he will do such and such things for you, you are full of doubts and fears, that he may break with you: but when he hath indented in a Covenant, and you can shew it under his Hand and Seal, you look [Page 22] upon that, consider that, and are very secure. Even this way also hath the Lord taken to confirm and e­stablish his Truths and Promises, that all doubtings and staggerings may be excluded, he hath wrapped them all up in a Covenant, and brought himself into a faederal Ingagement, that upon every Occasion, and at every Temptation, we may draw out his Hand and Seal, and say to Satan and our own false hearts; see here, behold God ingaged in Covenant, to make good the word, wherein he hath caused me to put my Trust: and this is his property, That he is a God keeping Covenant: So that having his Promise redoubled, and that confirm­ed by an Oath, all Sealed and made sure by an un­changeable Covenant, what can we require more, to assure us of the Truth of these things: But yet fur­ther.

4, In things of very great weight, and Concern­ment, such as whereon Lives, and the Peace of Na­tions does depend, men use to give Hostages, for the secu­ring each other of the Faith and Truth of all their Ingage­ments; that they may be mutual Pledges of their Truth and Fidelity. Neither hath the Lord left this way unused to confirm his Promise. He hath given us an Hostage to secure us of his Truth: one exceeding­ly dear to him; one alwayes in his bosome; of whose Honor, he is as Careful, as of his Own. Jesus Christ, is the great Hostage of his Fathers Truth: the Pledge of his Fidelity in his Promises. God hath set him forth, and given him to us, for this end. Behold the Lord him­self shall give you a sign, (a sign that he will fulfil his word) A virgin shall conceive and bare a Son, and shall call his name Immanuel, Isa, 7. 14. That you may be assured [Page 23] of my Truth, the Virgins Son shall be a Hostage of it. In him are all the Promises of God, Yea and Amen. Thus al­so to his Saints, he gives the further Hostage of his Spirit, and the first fruits of Glory; that the full ac­complishment of all his Promises, may be contracted in a little, and presented to their view: As the Israelites had the pleasures of Canaan in the Clusters of Grapes, brought from thence.

Now from all this it is apparent, not only that there is Truth in all the Promises of God, but also that Truth so confirmed, so made out, established, that not the least Occasion imaginable, is thence admini­stred to staggering or doubting. He that disputes the Promise, and knows not how to close with them, must find out another Cause of his so doing: as to the Truth of the Promise, there is no doubt at all, nor place for any.

2 But Secondly, though there be Truth in the Pro­mise, yet there may want Ability in the Promiser to accomplish the thing Promised, because of it's mani­fold difficulties. This may be a Second Cause of stag­gering, if the thing it self ingaged for, be not com­passable, by the Ability of the Ingager. As if a skil­ful Physitian, should Promise a sick man a Recovery from his Disease, though he could rely upon the Truth and Sincerity of his Friend, yet he cannot but question his Ability as to this, knowing that to cure the least Distemper, is not absolutly in his power: but when he Promises, who is able to performe, then all doubting in this kind, is removed. See then whether it be so, in respect of these Promises whereof we speak. When God comes to Abraham, to ingage him­self [Page 24] in that Covenant of Grace, from whence flow all the Promises whereof we Treat: He laies this down as the Bottom of all, I am (saith he) God Al­mighty, Gen. 17. 1. or, God Alsufficient, very well able to go through with what ever I Promise. When Diffi­culties, Temptations, and Troubles arise, remember who it is that hath Promised; not only he that is true and faithful, but he that is God Almighty, before whom nothing can stand, when he will accomplish his Word. And that this was a bottom of great Confidence to A­braham, the Apostle tells you, Rom. 4. 21. Being fully per­swaded that he who had Promised, was able also to performe. When God is ingaged by his VVord, his Ability is especially to be eyed. The Soul is apt to ask how can this be? it is impossible it should be so to me: but, he is able that hath Promised. And this, Rom. 11. 23. the same Apostle holds out to us, to fix our Faith upon, in reference to that great Promise of Re-calling the Jews, and Re-implanting them into the Vine. God (saith he) is able to graft them in: though now they seem as dead bones, yet the Lord knows they may live, for he is able to breath upon them, and make them ter­rible as an Army with Banners: Yea so excellent is this Alsufficiency, this Ability of God to accomplish his whole VVord, that the Apostle cautions us, That we do not bound it, as though it could go so far only, or so far: Nay saith he, Ephes. 3. 20. He is able to do ex­ceeding abundantly, above all that we can ask or think.

VVhen men come to close with the Promise in­deed, to make a life upon it, they are very ready to question and enquire, whither it be possible that ever the VVord of it, should be made good to them. He [Page 25] that sees a little Boat swimming at Sea, observes no great difficulty in it, looks upon it without any solici­tousness of mind at all, beholds how it tosses up and down, without any fears of it's sinking: but now, let this man commit his own life to Sea in that Bot­tome, what inquiries will he make? what a search into the Vessel? Is it possible (saith he) this little Thing should safe-gaurd my Life in the Ocean? It is so with us, in our view of the Promises: whilst we consider them at large, as they lye in the Word, alass! they are all true, all Yea and Amen, shall be all accom­plished: but when we go to venture our Souls upon a Promise, in an Ocean of Wrath and Temptations, then every blast we think will over-turn it: it will not bear us above all these Waves; Is it possible we should swim safely upon the Plank of a Pinnace in the middest of the Ocean?

Now here we are apt to deceive our selves, and mistake the whole thing in Question, Which is the Bottom of many corrupted Reasonings and perplex­ed Thoughts. We enquire whether it can be so to us, as the Word holds out; when the Truth is, The Question is not about the Nature of the Thing; but about the Power of God. Place the Doubt aright, and it is this, Is God able to accomplish what he hath spoken? Can he heal my Back-slidings? Can he par­don my Sins? Can he save my Soul? Now that there may be no Occasion, nor Colour of Staggering upon this Point, you see God reveals himself as an Alsuffi­cient God: as one that is able to go through with all his Engagements. If you will stagger, you may so do; this is certain, you have no Cause to do so from hence; [Page 26] there is not any Promise that ever God entred into, but he is able to perform it.

Object. But you will say, Though God be thus able, thus Alsufficient, yet may there not be Defects in the Means whereby he worketh? As a man may have a strong Arm able to strike his Enemies to the ground, but yet if he strike with a Feather, or a Straw, it will not be done; not for want of strength in his Arm, but of fit­ness and sutableness in the Instrument, whereby he acteth. But,

Anſw. 1, God using Instruments, they do not Act accor­ding to their own Vertue, but according to the Influ­ence of Vertue by him to them Communicated. Look to what End soever God is pleased to use any Means, his chusing of them, fills them with Efficacy to that purpose. Let the Way and Means of Accomplishing what thou expectest by the Promise, be in themselves never so weak, yet know, that from God's chusing of them, to that End, they shall be filled with Vertue and Efficacy to the Accomplishment of it.

2, It is expresly affirmed of the great Medium's of the Promise, that they also are Able, that there is no want of Power in them, for the Accomplishment of the Thing Promised.

1 There is the Means procuring it, and that is Jesus Christ: the Promises, as to the good Things contain­ed in them, are all purchased by him: And of him, the Apostle affirms expresly, That he is ABLE to save to the uttermost, them that come to God by him: Heb. 5. 27. No Want here; no Defect: He is able to do it to the ut­termost; able to save them that are tempted: Hebrews. 2. 18.

[Page 27] 2 There is the great Means of Manifestation, and that is the Word of God: and of this also it is affirmed that it is able. It hath an Alsufficiency in it's kind. Paul tells the Elders of Ephesus, That the Word of Grace is able to build them up, and to give them an Inheritance among them that are Sanctified, Act. 20. 32.

3 There is the great Means of Operation, and that is the Spirit of Grace: He works the Mercy of the Pro­mise upon the Soul: He also is able, exceeding power­ful, to effect the End appointed. It hath no bounds, nor measure of Operation, but only it's own Will: 1 Cor. 12. 11.

Hence then it is apparent in the Second Place, That there is no Occasion for Doubting; yea, that all stag­gering is excluded, from the Consideration of the A­bility of the Promiser, and the means whereby he worketh: If thou continuest to stagger, thou must get a better Plea then this, it cannot be, it is impossible: I tell thee nay, but God is able to accomplish the whole Word of his Promise. But,

3, There may be want of Sincerity in Promises and Engagements, which whilest we do but suspect, we cannot chuse but stagger at them. If a man make a Promise to me, and I can suppose that he intends not as he sayes, but hath Reserves to himself of another purpose, I must needs doubt, as to the Accomplish­ment of what he hath spoken. If the Soul may sur­mise, that the Lord intends not him sincerely in his Pro­mises, but Reserves some other Thing in his Mind, or that it shall be so to others and not to him, he must needs dispute in himself, stagger, and keep off from Believing. This, then must be Demonstrated in the [Page 28] Third Place, That the Promises of God; and God in all his Promises, are full of sincerity, so that none need fear to cast himself on them, they shall be real unto him. Now concerning this, Observe,

1 That God's Promises are not Declarative of his secret Purposes and Intentions. When God holds out to any a Promise of the pardon of Sin, this doth not signifie to any singular man, That it is the Purpose of God, that his Sin shall be pardoned. For if so, Then either all men must be pardoned to whom the Word of Pro­mise comes, which is not: or else God fails of his Pur­poses, and comes short of his Intendments; which would render him, either Impotent, that he could not; or Mutable, that he would not establish them: but, who hath resisted his Will? Rom. 9. He is the Lord, and he changeth not: Mal. 1. So that though every one, to whom the Promise is held out, hath not the fruit of the Promise; yet this derogates not at all, from the sincerity of God in his Promises; for, he doth not hold them forth to any such End and Purpose, as to declare his Intentions, concerning particular per­sons.

2 There are some absolute Promises, comprehensive of the Covenant of Grace, which as to all those that belong to that Covenant, do hold out thus much of the Mind of God, That they shall certainly be Accomplished, in, and towards them all. The Soul may freely be invited to venture on these Promises, with Assurance of their Efficacy towards him.

3 This God principally declares in all his Promises, of his Mind and Purpose, That every Soul, to whom they shall come, may freely rest on; to wit, That Faith [Page 29] in the Promises, and the Accomplishment of the Promises, are inseparable. He that believeth, shall enjoy; This is most certain, this God declares of his Mind, his heart towards us, That as for all the good Things, he hath spoken of to us, it shall be to us, according to our Faith. This I say the Promises of God do signifie of his Pur­pose, That the Believer of them, shall be the Enjoyer of them: In them, the Righteousness of God is revealed from Faith to Faith, Rom. 1. 17. From the Faith of God Revealing, to the Faith of Man Receiving: So that upon the ma­king out of any Promise, you may safely Conclude, That upon Believing, the Mercy, the Christ, the Deli­verance of this Promise, is mine. It is true, if a man stand disputing and staggering, whether he have any share in a Promise, and close not with it by Faith, he may come short of it; and yet without the least Im­peachment of the Truth of the Promise, or sincerity of the Promiser: for God hath not signified by them, That men shall enjoy the good Things of them, whe­ther they believe, or not. Thus far the Promises of Grace are General, and carry a Truth to all, that there is an inviolable Connexion between Believing, and the Enjoyment of the Things in them contained. And in this Truth, is the Sincerity of the Promiser, which can never be questioned, without Sin and Folly. And this wholly shuts up the Spirit from any occasion of staggering. O ye of little Faith! wherefore do ye doubt? Ah! lest our share be not in this Promise; lest we are not intended in it: Poor Creatures! there is but this one way of keeping you off from it, that is, Disputing it in your selves by Unbelief. Here lyes the Sincerity of God towards thee, That Believing, thou shalt not come [Page 30] short of what thou aimest at. Here then is no Room for staggering. If Proclamation be made, granting Pardon to all such Rebels, as shall come in by such a season, do men use to stand questioning whether the STATE bear them any good will, or no? No, saith the poor Creature, I will cast my self upon Their Faith & Truth engaged in Their Proclamation what­ever I have deserved in particular, I know They will be Faithful in Their Promises. The Gospel-Procla­mation is of Pardon to all Comers in, to all Believers: it is not for thee, poor staggerer, to question, what is the Intendment towards thee in particular, but roll thy self on this, There is an absolute Sincerity in the ENGAGEMENT, which thou mayest freely rest upon. But,

4, Though all be present, Truth, Power, Sincerity; yet if he that makes the Promise should Forget, this were a ground of staggering. Pharaoh's Butler, with­out doubt, made large Promises to Joseph, and pro­bably spake the Truth according to his present In­tention: afterwards standing in the presence of Pha­raoh, restored to Favour, he had doubtless Power e­nough to have procured the liberty of a poor Inno­cent Prisoner: but yet this would not do, it did not profit Joseph; because, as the Text sayes, he did not re­member Joseph, but forgat him: Gen. 39. 23. This for­getting made all other things useless. But neither hath this, the least Colour in Divine Promises. It was Syons infirmity to say, The Lord hath forsaken me, and my God hath forgotten me: Isa. 49. 14. For, saith the Lord, Can a woman forget her sucking Child, that she should not have compassion on the Son of her womb? yea, they may forget, [Page 31] but I will not forget thee: behold, I have graven thee upon the palmes of my hands, and thy walls are continually before me: vers. 15, 16.

The Causes of forgetfulnes are, 1 Want of Love. The things that men Love not, they care not for: the mat­ters of their Love are continually in their thoughts. Now says God to Syon, Why sayest thou, I have forgotten thee? Is it for want of Love? Alass! the Love of a most tender Mother to her sucking Child, comes infi­nitly short of my Love to thee: My Love to thee, is more fixed than so, and how shouldest thou be out of my mind? How shouldest thou be forgotten? Infinite Love will have infinite Thoughtfulness and Remem­brance.

2 Multiplicity of business: This with men is a Cause of forgetting. I had done sayes one, as I Promised, but multiplicity of Occasions thrust it out of my mind, I pray excuse me: Alass! though I Rule all the World, yet, thou art graven upon the palms of my hands, and therefore thy walls are continually before me. See also Psal. 77. 9. Neither then is there as to this, the least colour given us, to stagger at the Promise of God.

5, But lastly, Where all other things concur, yet if the person Promising be changable, if he may alter his Resolution, a man may justly doubt and debate in himself, the Accomplishment of any Promise made to him: It is true, may he say, He now speaks his heart and mind, but who can say he will be of this mind to morrow? May he not be turned, and then what be­comes of the Golden Mountains, that I Promised my self upon his Engagement? Wherefore in the last [Page 32] place, the Lord carefully rejects all sinful surmises con­cerning the least change or alteration in him or any of his Engagements. He is the Father of Lights, with whom is no variableness, nor shadow of turning; Jam. 1. 18. no sha­dow, no appearance of any such thing. I am the Lord (saith he) I change not; therefore ye Sons of Jacob are not consumed. Mal 3. 6. The Lord knows, that if any thing in us, might prevail with him to alter the Word that is gone out of his mouth, we should surely perish. We are poor provoking Creatures, therefore he laies our, not being consumed, only on this, even his Own unchanga­bleness: This we may rest upon, he is of one mind, and who can turn him?

And in these Observations, have I given you the first Demonstration of the Point: All staggering is from our own unbelief.

2 Dem. The Experience which we have of the mighty Wor­kings of God, for the Accomplishment of all his Pro­mises, gives light unto this thing. We have found it true, That where he is once engaged, he will cer­tainly go through unto the appointed Issue, though it stand him in the laying out of his Power and Wis­dom to the uttermost. Hab. 3. 9. Thy Bow was made quite naked according to the Oath's of the Tribes, thy Word. If Gods Oath be passed, and his Word engaged; he will surely accomplish it, though it cost him the making of his bow quite naked, the manifestation of his power to the utmost.

It is true: Never did any wait upon God for the Accomplishment and fulfilling of a Promise, but he found many difficulties fall out between the Word and the Thing. So was it with Abraham in the business [Page 33] of a Son: and so with David in the matter of a King­dom. God will have his Promised Mercies to fall, as the Dews upon the parched gasping Earth; or as the shadow of a great Rock in a weary Land, Isa. 32. 2. very wel­com unto the Traveller, who hath had the Sun beat upon his head in his travel all the day. Zion is a Crown of Glory in the hand of the Lord, as a royal Diadem in the hand of her God: Isa. 62. 3. The precious Stones of a Diadem, must be cut and pollished, before they be set in Beau­ty and Glory. God will have oftimes the precious li­ving stones of Zion, to have many a sharp cutting, before they come to be fully fixed in his Diadem: but yet in the close, whatever Obstacles stand in the way, the Promise hath still wrought out it's passage: As a Ri­ver, all the while it is stopped with a Damme, is still working higher and higher, still getting more and more strength, until it bear down all before it, and obtain a free course to it's appointed place: Every time Opposition lyes against the fulfilling of the Pro­mise, and so seems to impede it for a season, it gets more and more Power, until the appointed hour be come, and then it bears down all before it.

Were there any thing imaginable, whereof we had not Experience, that it hath been conquered to open a door for the fulfilling of every Word of God, we might possibly, as to the Apprehension of that thing, stagger from some other Principle, then that of Ʋnbe­lief.

What is there in Heaven or Earth, but God and his ministring Spirits, that hath not at one time or o­ther, stood up to it's utmost Opposition, for the fru­strating of the Word, wherein some or other of the [Page 34] Saints of God have put their trust? Divels in their Temptations, Baits, Subtilties, Accusations, and Op­positions: Men in their Counsels, Reasonings, Con­trivances, Interests, Dominions, Combinations, Ar­mies, Multitudes, and the utmost of their Endea­vours: the whole frame of Nature, in it's Primitive In­stituted Course, Fire, Water, Day, Night, Age, Sick­ness, Death; all in their Courses have fought against the Accomplishment of the Promises: And what have they obtained by all their Contendings? All disap­pointed, frustrated, turned back, changed, and ser­ved only to make the Mercy of the Promise, more a­miable and glorious.

I would willingly Illustrate this Demonstration with an Instance, that the Almighty, al conquering Power that is in the Promise, settling all staggering upon it's own Basis of ƲNBELIEF, might be the more evi­dent.

I might here mention Abraham, with all the diffi­culties and appearing impossibilities, which the Pro­mise unto him did pass through, and cast to the ground, the Mercy of it at length, arising out of the grave; for he received his Son from the dead in a Figure: Heb. 11. 19. Or I might speak of Joseph, Moses, or Da­vid: but I shall rather chuse a President from among the Works of God, in the Dayes wherein we live: and that in a business, concerning which, we may set up our Eben-Ezer, and say, Thus far God hath been a helper.

Look upon the Affaire of Ireland. The Engagement of the great God of Revenges against Murder and Trea­chery, the Interest of the Lord Christ and his kingdom, [Page 35] against the man of Sin, furnished the undertakers with manifold Promises to carry them out to a desired, a blessed Issue. Take now a brief view, of some Moun­tains of Opposition, that lay in the way against any Suc­cess in that Place; and hear the Lord saying to every one of them, Who art thou, O great Mountain? before my People thou shalt be made a Plain: Zech. 4. 7.

Not to mention the strivings and struglings of two manner of People, in the womb of this Nation, totally obstructing for a long time the bringing forth of any Deliverance for Ireland: nor yet, That mighty Mountain, (which some mis-named a Level) that thought at once to have locked an everlasting Door upon that Expedition: I shall Propose some few (of many) that have attended it.

1 The silence that hath been in Heaven for half an hour as to this Business: The great Cessation of Prayers in the Heavens, of many Churches, hath been no small Mountain in the way of the Promise. When God will do good for Zion, he requires that his Remem­brancers give him no rest, until he do it. Isa. 62. 7. and yet sometimes in the close of their Supplications, gives them an Answer, by terrible things, Psal. 65. 5. He is some­times Silent to the Prayers of his People, Psal. 28. 1. Is not then a grant rare, when his People are silent as to Prayers? Of how many Congregations in this Nati­on, may the Prayers, Tears, and Supplications for the carrying on of the Work of God in IRELAND, be written with the lines of emptiness? What a Silence hath been in the Heaven of many Churches, for this last half hour? How many that began with the Lord in that Work, did never Sacrifice at the Altar of Jehova nissi: [Page 36] nor considered that the Lord hath sworn to have War with such Amalekites as are there, from Generation to Gene­ration? Exod. 17. 15, 16. They have forgotten, That Ireland was the first of the Nations that laid waite for the bloud of Gods People desiring to enter into his rest; and therefore their latter end shall be, to perish for ever: Numb. 24. 20. Many are as angry as Jonah, not that Ba­bylon is spared, but that it is not spared. Hath not this been held out as a Mountain? what will you now do, when such or such, these and those men, of this or that Party, look upon you as the grass upon the house tops, which withereth afore it groweth up: wherewith the Mower filleth not his hand, nor he that bindeth sheaves his bo­some, That will not so much as say, The blessing of the Lord be upon you, we bless you in the name of the Lord? But now! shall the faithlesness of men, make the Faith of God of none effect? Shall the kingdom of Christ suffer because some of those that are his, what through Carnal Wisdom, what through Spiritual Folly, re­fuse to come forth to his help, against the mighty? no doubtless! The Lordsees it, and it displeases him; he sees that there is no man, and wonders that there is no Intercessour: (even marvels that there are no more Supplications on this be­half) therefore his own Arm brought Salvation to him, and his own Righteousness it sustained him: He put on Righteous­ness as a brestplate, and an helmet of Salvation upon his head: and he put on the garments of Vengeance for cloathing, and was clad with Zeal as a Cloak: according to their deeds, according­ly he will repay, fury to his adversaries, recompence to his ene­mies, to the Island he will repay recompence: Isa. 59. 15, 16, 17, 18. Some men's not Praying, shall not hinder the Promises accomplishing. They may sooner dis­cover [Page 37] an Idol in themselves, then disappoint the li­ving God. This was a Mountain.

2 Our own Advises and Counsels have often stood in the way of the Promises bringing forth: This is not a Time nor Place for Narrations: so I shall only say to this in general; That if the choycest and most ra­tional Advises of the Army, had not been overswayed by the Providence of God, in all probabilities, your Affairs had been more then ten degrees backward, to the Condition wherein they are.

3 The visible Opposition of the combined Enemy in that Nation, seemed as to our strength, unconquerable. The wiseman tells us, That a Threefold Cord is not easily broken: Ireland had a Fivefold Cord to make strong bands for Zion, twisted together: Never (I think) did such different Interests bear with one another, for the com­passing of one common End.

He that met the Lyon, the Fox, and the Asse traveling together, wondered quo unâ iter facerent: whither these ill-matched Associates did bend their Course! neither did his marvelling cease, when he heard they were going a Pilgrimage, in a business of Devo­tion.

He that should meet Protestants, Covenanted Protestants, that had sworn in the Presence of the great God, to extirpate Popery and Prelacy, as the Scots in Ʋlster; Others, that counted themselves under no less sacred bond, for the maintainance of Prelats, Service-Book, and the like; as the whole Party of Ormonds ad­herents: joyned with a mighty number, that had for Eight yeers together, sealed their Vows to the Ro­mish Religion, with our bloud and their own; adding [Page 38] to them those that were profound to revolt up and down, as suted their own Interest, as some in Munster; All closing with that Party, which themselves had la­boured to render most odious and execrable, as most defiled with Innocent Blood: He, I say, that should see all these, after seven yeers mutual conflicting, and embruing their hands in each others blood, to march all one way together, cannot but marvel, quo unà iter facerent, whither they should journey so friendly to­gether: Neither surely, would his Admiration be lessened, when he should hear, That the first thing they intended and agreed upon, was, To cover the innocent Bloud of 41; contrary to that Promise: Behold the Lord commeth out of his place, to punish the Inha­bitants of the earth, for their iniquity: the earth also shall disclose her Bloud, and shall no more cover her slain: Isa. 26. 21. And Nextly, To Establish Catholick Religion, or the Kingdom of Babel, in the whole Nation, in Op­position to the Ingaged Truth, and in our dayes vi­sibly manifested Power of the Lord Jesus: with sun­dry such like things, contrary to their Science and Conscience, their Covenant and Light, yea the Trust and Honesty, of most of the chief Leaders of them.

Now how can the Promise stand in the way of this Hydra? What sayes it to this combined Opposition? Why First, saith the Lord, Though hand joyn in hand, the wicked shall not be unpunished: Prov. 11. 21. Their Covering shall be too short, and narrow, to hide the blood which God will have disclosed.

And Nextly, Though they will give their Power to the Beast, and fight against the Lamb, consenting in this, [Page 39] who agree in nothing else in the World; yet they shall be broken in pieces; though they Associate themselves, they shall be broken in pieces: If Rezin, and the Son of Re­maliah, Syria and Ephraim, old Adversaries, combine together for a new Enmity against Judah; If Covenant and Prelacy, Popery and Treachery, Bloud and (as to that) Innocency, joyn hand in hand, to stand in the way of the Promise; yet I will not in this joyn with them sayes the Lord Though they were preserved all distinct­ly in their several Interests for seven yeers, in their mutual conflicts, That they might be scourges to one another; yet if they close, to keep off the Engage­ment of God in the Word of his Promise, not much more then the 4 ^th part of one yeer, shall consume some of them to nothing, and fill the Residue with indignation and anguish.

By what Means God hath mightily and effectually wrought, by mixing Folly with their Counsels, put­ting Fear, Terror, and Amazedness upon all their Un­dertakings, to carry on his own Purpose, I could easily give considerable Instances. That which hath been spoken in General, may suffice to bottome us on this, That whilest we are in the way of God, all stag­gering at the Issue, is from unbelief; for he can, he will do more such things as these.

Ʋse 1 My First Ʋse shall be as unto Temporals; for they also (as I told you) come under the Promise, not to be staggered at, with the limitations before mentio­ned. Learn hence then to live more by Faith in all your Actings: Believe, and you shall be established: I have in the dayes of my Pilgrimage seen this evil under the Sun: Many Professors of the Gospel, called out to Publick [Page 40] Actings, have made it their great Design to manage all their Affairs with Wisdom and Policy, like the men of the residue of the Nations. Living by Faith, upon the Promises, hath appeared to them, as too low a thing, for the Condition and Employment wherein they now are: Now they must Plot, and Contrive, and Design, lay down Principles of Carnal Fleshly Wisdome, to be pursued to the uttermost: And what I pray hath been the Issue of such Underta­kings?

1 First, The Power of Religion hath totally been devoured, by that lean, hungry, never to be satisfi­ed Beast of Carnal Policy: No signs left that it was ever in their bosoms. Conformity unto Christ in Gospel Graces, is looked on as a mean Contemptible Thing: Some of them have faln to down-right A­thiesme, most of them to wretched Formality in the Things of God. And then,

2 Secondly, Their Plots and Undertakings, have generally proved Tympanous and Birthless: Vexati­on and Disappointment hath been the Protion of the Residue of their dayes. The ceasing to lean upon the Lord, and striving to be Wise in our Actings, like the men of the World, hath made more Rehoboams, than any one Thing in this Generation.

What now lyes at the Bottom of all this? meerly staggering at the Promise, through Ʋnbelief. What build­ing is that like to be, which hath a staggering Founda­tion? When God Answers not Saul, he goes to the Devil. When the Promise will not support us, we go to Carnal Policy: neither can it otherwise be. En­gagedmen, finding one way to disappoint them, pre­sently [Page 41] betake themselves to another. If men begin once to Stagger at the Promise, and to conclude in their fears, That it will not receive accomplishment, That the Fountain will be dry, they cannot but think it high time, to digge Cisterns for themselves. When David sayes, He shall one day perish by the hand of Saul, (whatever God had said to the contrary) His next ad­vise is, Let me go to the Philistins: and what succes he had in that Undertaking, you know. Political diversions, from pure dependance on the Promise, do alwayes draw after them, a long time of entanglements.

Give me leave to give a VVord of Caution, a­gainst One or Two Things, which men stag­gering at the Promises through Unbelief, do usually in their Carnal VVisdome run into, for the Compassing of the Thing aimed at, That they may not be found in your Honor­able Assembly.

1 Take heed of a various management of Religion, of the Things of God, to the advantage of the present Posture and Condition of your Affairs. The Things of Christ should be as Joseph's Sheaf, to which all others should bow. VVhen they are made to cringe, and bend, and put on a flattering countenance, to allure any sort of men into their Interest, they are no more the Things of Christ. I would it had not been too evident former­ly, That men entangled in their Affairs, enjoying Au­thority, have with all industry and diligence, pursued such and such an appearance of Religion; not that themselves were so passionately affected with it, but meerly for the satisfaction of some in that, whose Assistance and Complyance they needed for other [Page 42] things. Oh let not the Things of God, be immixed any more with Carnal Reasonings. His Truths are all eternal and unchangeable. Give them at once the Soveraignty of your Souls, and have not the least thought of making them bend, to serve your own Ends, though good and Righteous. Think not to get the Promise like Jacob, by representing your selves in the Things of God, for other then you are.

2 Hide no Truth of God, as to that way of manifestation which to you is committed, for fear it should prove prejudicial to your Affairs. That Influence and Signature of your Power, which is due to any Truth of God, let it not be with-held by Carnal Reasonings. I might further draw out these, and such like things as these; the warning is, To live upon the Faith of that Promise, which shall surely be established, without turning aside to needless crooked paths of your own.

Ʋse 2 2 Secondly, Be faithful in doing all the work of God whereunto you are engaged, as he is faithful in working all your works whereunto he is engaged. Your work whereunto (whilest you are in his wayes) God is engaged, is your safety and protection. Gods work whereunto you are engaged is the Propagating of the Kingdom of Christ, and the setting up of the Standard of the Gospel. So far as you find God going on with your work, go you on with his. How is it that Jesus Christ, is in Ireland only as a Lyon stayning all his garments with the bloud of his Enemies? and none to hold him out as a Lamb sprinkled with his own bloud to his friends? Is it the Soveraignty and Interest of Eng­land that is alone to be there transacted? For my part, [Page 43] I see no further into the MYSTERY of these things, but that I could heartily rejoyce, That Inno­cent blood being expiated, the Irish might enjoy Ire­land so long as the Moon endureth, so that Jesus Christ might possesse the Irish. But God having suffered those sworn Vassals of the man of Sin, to break out in­to such wayes of Villany, as render them obnoxious unto Vengeance, upon such rules of Government a­mongst men, as he hath appointed: Is there there­fore nothing to be done, but to give a Cup of Blood into their hands? Doubtless the way whereby God will bring the followers after the Beast to Condign Destructi­on, for all their Enmity to the Lord Jesus, will be, By suffering them to run into such practises against men, as shall righteously expose them to vengeance, according to acknowledged Principles among the Sons of Men. But is this all? Hath he no further Aime? Is not all this to make way for the Lord Jesus to take Possession of his long since Promised Inheri­tance? And shall we stop at the first Part? Is this to deal fairly with the Lord Jesus? Call him out to the Battel, and then keep away his Crown? God hath been faithful in doing great things for you, be faithful in this one, Do your utmost for the Preach­ing of the Gospel in Ireland.

Give me leave to adde a few Motives to this Duty.

1 They want it: No want like theirs who want the Gospel. I would there were for the present, one Gospel Preacher, for every Walled Town in the Eng­lish [Page 44] Possession in IRELAND. The Land mourneth, and the People perish for want of knowledge: Many run to and fro, but it is upon other designs; knowledge is not in­creased.

2 They are sensible of their Wants, and cry out for Supply. The Tears and Cryes of the Inhabitants of Dublin, after the Manifestations of Christ, are ever in my view. If they were in the dark, and lived to have it so, it might something close a door upon the bowels of our Compassion: but they cry out of their darkness, and are ready to follow every one whoso­ever, to have a Candle. If their being Gospelless, move not our hearts, it is hoped, Their importunate Cryes will disquiet our Rest: and wrest help, as a Beggar doth an Alms.

3 Seducers and Blasphemers will not be wanting to sow their Tares, which those Fallowed Fields will re­ceive, if there be none to cast in the Seed of the Word. Some are come over thither already without Call, without Employments, to no other end, but only to vaunt themselves to be God; as they have done in the open streets, with detestable Pride, A­thiesme and Folly: So that as IRELAND was here­tofore termed by some in Civil things, A Frippery of Bankrupts, for the great number of Persons of bro­ken Estates that went thither: So doubtless in Reli­gion, it will prove A Frippery of Monstrous, Enormous Contradictious Opinions, if the Work of Preaching the Word of Truth, and soberness, be not carried on. And if this be the Issue of your present Undertakings, Will it be acceptable, think you, to the LORD JESUS, That you have used his POWER [Page 45] and MIGHT, to make way for such THINGS, as his Soul abhors?

1 Will it be for his Honour, That the People whom he hath sought to himself with so high a hand, should at the very entrance of his taking Possession, be leavened with those high and heavenly Noti­ons, which have an open, and experimented ten­dency to Earthly, Fleshly, Dunghill Practises? Or,

2 Will it be for the Credit and Honour of your Profession of the GOSPEL, That such a breach should be under your hand? That it should be (as it were) by your means? Will it not be a Sword, and an Arrow, and a Maul in the hands of your Observers? Who can bear the just Scandal that would accrew? Scan­dal to the Magistrates, Scandal to the Ministers of this Generation, in neglecting such an Opportunity of advancing the GOSPEL; sleeping all the day, whilest others sow Tares.

3 Where will be the hoped, the expected Conso­lation of this great Affaire, when the Testimony and Pledge of the peculiar Presence of CHRIST amongst us, upon such an ISSUE, shall be wan­ting?

What then shall we do? This Thing is often spoken of, seldom driven to any close!

1 Pray; Pray the Lord of the Harvest, That he would send out, That he would thrust forth Labourers into his Harvest. The Labourers are ready to say, There is a Lyon in the way: Difficulties to be Conten­ded [Page 46] withal: And to some men it is hard seeing a Call of GOD, through Difficulties: When if it would but cloath it self with a few Carnal Advantages, how ap­parent is it to them? They can see it through a little Cranny. Be earnest then with the Master of these Labourers, in whose hand is their life and breath, and all their wayes; That he would powerfully Constrain them, to be willing to enter into the Fields, that are White for the Harvest.

2 Make such Provision, That those who will go, may be fenced from outward Straights and Fears, so far as the uncertainty of humane Affairs in General, and the present tumultuating perturbations will ad­mit. And let not I beseech you, this be the business of an unpursued Order. But,

3 Let some be appointed (Generals dye and sink by themselves) to Consider this thing, and to hear what sober PROPOSALS may be made by any, whose Hearts God shall stir up to so good a Work.

This I say is a Work wherein God expecteth Faith­fulness from you: Stagger not at his Promises, nor your own Duty. However by all means possible, in this Business, I have strived to deliver my own Soul.

Once more, to this of Faith, let me stir you up to another Work of Love: and that in the behalf of many poor perishing Creatures, that want all Things needful for the sustentation of Life. Poor Parentless Children, that lye Begging, Starving, Rotting in the Streets, and find no Relief: Yea, Persons of Quali­ty, that have lost their dearest Relations in your Ser­vice, seeking for Bread, and finding none. Oh that [Page 47] some thoughts of this also, might be seriously Com­mitted to them, that shall take care for the Gospel.

Ʋse 3 I desire now to make more particular Application of the Doctrine, as to things purely Spiritual: Until you know how to Believe for your own Souls, You will scarcely know how to Believe for a Nation. Let this then teach us, To lay the burden and trouble of our Lives upon the right shoulder. In our STAGGERINGS, our Doubtings, our Disputes, we are apt to assign this and that Reason of them; when the sole Rea­son indeed is our Unbelief. Were it not for such a Cause, or such a Cause, I could Believe; that is, Were there no need of Faith. That is Faith must re­move the Mountains that lye in the way, and then all will be plain. It is not the greatness of Sin, nor con­tinuance in Sin, nor backsliding into Sin, that is the true Cause of thy Staggering, whatever thou pre­tendest: The removal of all these is from that Pro­mise, whose Stability and Certainty, I before laid forth: but solely from thy Unbelief, That root of bit­terness which springs up and troubles thee. It is not the distance of the Earth from the Sun, nor the Sun's withdrawing it self, that makes a dark and gloomy day, but the Interposition of Clouds and vaparous Ex­halations. Neither is thy Soul beyond the reach of the Promise; nor doth God with-draw himself, but the vapours of thy Carnal Unbelieving Heart, do Cloud thee. It is said of one place, Christ could do no great Work there: Why so? For want of Power in him? not at all: but meerly for want of Faith in them; it was because of their Ʋnbelief. The Promise can do no great Work upon thy heart, to humble thee, to par­don [Page 48] to quiet thee; Is it for want of Fulness and Truth therein? not at all: but meerly for want of Faith in thee, that keeps it off. Men complain, That were it not for such things, and such things, they could Believe; when it is their Uubelief that casts those rubs in the way. As if a man should cast Nails and sharp Stones in his own way, and say, Verily I could run, were it not for those Nails and Stones; when he continues himself to cast them there. You could believe, were it not for these Doubts, and Difficulties, these staggering perplexities, when a­lass! they are all from your Unbelief.

Ʋse 4 See the sinfulness of all those staggering doubts and per­plexities, wherewith many poor souls have almost all their thoughts taken up: Such as is the Root, such is the Fruit. If the Tree be evil, so will the fruit be also. Men do not gather Grapes from brambles. What is the Root that bears this Fruit of Staggering? Is it not the evil Root of Ʋnbelief? And can any good come from thence? Are not all the Streams of the same Nature with the Fountain? If that be bitter, can they be sweet? If the Body be full of Poyson, will not the Branches have their Venome also? Surely if the Mother (Un­belief) be the Mouth of Hell, the Daughters (Stag­gerings) are not the Gates of Heaven.

Of the Sin of Ʋnbelief, I shall not now speak at large: It is in Sum, The Ʋniversal Opposition of the Soul unto God: All other Sins arise against some thing or o­ther of his revealed Will: Only Ʋnbelief sets up it self in a direct Contradiction, to all of him that is known. Hence the weight of Condemnation in the Gospel, is constantly laid on this Sin. He that believeth [Page 49] not, on him the wrath of God abideth: he shall be damned. Now as every drop of Sea-water retains the brackish­ness and saltnesse of the whole, so every staggering Doubt that is an issue of this Unbelief, hath in it the unsavouriness and distastefulness unto God, that is in the whole.

Further to give you a little light into what accep­tance our staggering thoughts find with the Lord, ac­cording to which, must be our Esteem of all that is in us.

Observe, that

• 1 They grieve him.
• 2 They provoke him.
• 3 They dishonor him.

1 Such a frame grieves the Lord. Nothing more presses true Love, then to have any Appearance of Suspition. Christ comes to Peter and asks him, Simon, Son of Jonas, lovest thou me? Joh. 21. 15. Peter seems glad of an opportunity to confess him, and his love to him, whom not long since he had denyed; and Answers readily, Yea, Lord, thou knowest that I love thee. But when Christ comes with the same Question again and again, the holy Ghost tells us, Peter was grieved be­cause he said unto him the 3 ^d time, Lovest thou me? It ex­ceedingly troubled Peter, That his Love should come under so many Questionings, which he knew to be sincere. The Love of Christ to his, is infinitely be­yond the Love of his, to him. All our Doubtings are nothing but so many Questionings of his Love. We cry, Lord Jesus, Lovest thou us? and agai [...] Lord Jesus, Lovest thou us? and that with distrustf [...] [...] thoughts, That it is not, it cannot be. [...] [Page 50] the Ʋnbelieving Jews, the holy Ghost tells us, Jesus was grieved for the hardness of their hearts: Mark 3. 5. And as it is bitter to him in the Root, so also in the Fruit. Our Staggerings and Debates when we have a Word of Promise; is a Grief to his holy Spirit, as the un­kindest return we can make unto his Love.

2 It provoks him. How can this be, (sayes Zechariah) that I should have a Son? This shall be, (saith the Lord) and thou thy self for thy questioning shalt be a sign of it, Thou shalt be dumb and not speak: Luke 1. His Doubting was a Provocation: And our Saviour expresses no less in that bitter reproof to his Disciples upon their wavering, Matth. 17. 17. O faithless and perverse Generation, how long shall I be with you? How long shall I suf­fer you? How long shall I suffer you? That is, in this Un­believing frame. Poor Souls are apt to admire the patience of God in other matters; That he spared them in such and such sins, at such and such times of Danger, but his exceeding patience towards them in their carnal Reasonings, and fleshly Objections against Believing; this they admire not. Nay, generally they think it should be so: God would not have them one step further. Nay, they could be more stedfast in Be­lieving as they suppose, might it stand with the good Will of God: when all this while, this fram of all o­thers, is the greatest provocation to the Lord; he ne­ver exercises more forbearance, then about this kind of Unbelief.

When the Spyes had gone into Canaan, had seen the Land, and brought of the good Fruit of it, then to re­pine, then to question whither God would bring them into it or no: This caused the Lord to swear in his wrath, [Page 51] that they should not enter into his rest. When God hath brought men to the Borders of Heaven, discovered to them the Riches and Excellency of his Grace, admit­ted them to enter as Spyes into the Kingdom of Glo­ry, then to fall a staggering, whether he intends them an Entrance or no; is that which lyes heavie on him. The like may be said of all Promised Mercies, and de­liverances whatsoever.

That this is a Provocation, The Lord hath abundant­ly testified, in as much, as for it, he hath oftentimes snatched sweet morsels from the mouths of men, and turned aside the stream of Mercies, when it was ready to flow in upon them. If (saith he) you will not believe, you shall not be established: Isa. 7. 9. The very Mercy but now Promised, concerning your deliverance, shall be with-held. Oh stop not Success from Ireland, by Un­belief.

3 It dishonors God. In the close of this Verse, it is said, Abraham was strong in Faith (or staggered not) gi­ving glory to God. To be established in Believing, is to give God the greatest glory possible. Every staggering Thought that ariseth from this Root of Unbelief, robs God of his Glory.

1 It robs him of the Glory of his Truth. He that be­lieveth not, hath made him a Liar, because he believeth not his Record: 1 Joh. 5. 10. Let men pretend what they please, (as most an end, we give in specious pretences for our Unbelief) the bottom of all is, The questioning of the Truth of God, in our false hearts.

2 It robs him of the glory of his Fidelity or Faithful­ness in the discharge of his Promises: If we confess our sins, he is faithful to forgive us our sins: 1 Joh. 1. 9. He hath [Page 52] engaged his faithfulness in this business of the forgive­ness of Iniquities: He whose Right it is, calling that in Question, calls the faithfulness of God in Question.

3 It robs him of the Glory of his Grace: In a word, If a man should chuse to set himself in an universal opposition unto God, he can think of no more com­pendious way then this. This then is the fruit, this the advantage of all our staggering, we rob God of Glory, and our own Souls of Mercy.

Ʋse 5 Be ashamed of, and humbled for, all your stagger­ings at the Promises of God, with all your fleshly Rea­sonings, & carnal Contrivances issuing therefrom. For the most part, we live upon Successes, not Promises: unless we see and feel the print of Victories, we will not Believe. The engagement of God, is almost quite forgotten in our Affairs. We travel on without Christ, like his Mother, and suppose him only to be in the croud: but we must return to seek him where we left him, or our journying on, will be to no purpose.

When Job, after all his complaining had seen the End of the Lord, he cryes out, Now I abhor my self in dust and ashes. You have seen the End of the Lord in many of his Promises: Oh that it might prevaile to make you ab­hor your selves in dust and ashes, for all your Carnal Fears and Corrupt Reasonings, upon your stagger­ings.

When David enjoyed his Promised Mercy, he e­specially shames himself, for every thought of Unbe­lief, that he had whilest he waited for it: I said (saith he) in my haste, That all men were Liars. And now he is humbled for it. Is this to be thankful, to forget our provoking Thoughts of Unbelief, when the Mercy [Page 53] is enjoyed? The Lord set it home upon your Spirits, and give it to receive it's due manifestation.

1 If there be any Counsels, Designs, Contrivances on foot amongst us, that are bottomed on our Stagger­ing at the Promise under which we are, Oh let them be instantly cast down to the ground. Let not any be so foolish, as to suppose that Unbelief will be a foun­dation for quiet Habitations. You are careful to avoid all wayes that might dishonor you, as the Rulers of so great a Nation: Oh be much more careful about such things as will dishonor you as Believers: That's your greatest Title, That's your chiefest Priviledge. Search your own Thoughts, and if any Contrivance, any Complyance be found springing up, whose seed was sown by staggering at the Promise; root them up, and cast them out, before it be too late.

2 Engage your hearts against all such wayes for the future: Say unto God, How faithful art thou in all thy wayes! How able to perform all thy Promises! How hast thou established thy Word in Heaven and Earth! Who would not put their Trust in thee? We desire to be ashamed, That ever we should admit in our hearts, the least staggering at the stability of thy Word.

3 Act as men bottomed upon unshaken things: that are not at all moved by the greatest appearing Oppo­sitions: He that believeth, will not make haste: be not ha­sty in your Resolves, in any distress. Waite for the Accomplishment of the Vision, for it will come. So long as you are in the way of God, and do the Work of God, let not so much as your Desires be too hasty, af­ter appearing Strengthnings, and Assistance. Whence [Page 54] is it that there is amongst us, such bleating after the Complyance of this or that Party of the Sons of men, perhaps priding themselves in our Actings upon Un­belief; as though we proclaimed, That without such and such, we cannot be protected in the Things of God. Let us (I beseech you) live above those things, that are unworthy of the great Name, that is called upon us.

Oh that by these, and the like wayes, we might ma­nifest our self-Condemnation, and Abhorrency, for all that Distrust and Staggering at the Word of God, which arising from Unbelief, hath had such de­plorable Issues upon all our Counsels and Under­takings.