The Sum of a Dispute betwixt a Teacher of the Anabaptists, and the Minister of Baughton, where by Providence they met August 16. 1654.
THe Anabaptist, as appeared by his heat, being much troubled at a Sermon delivered by the Minister, wherein he proved plainly by Scripture, That such as he was, were the Messengers of Satan, and delivered Satans Message, fell upon the Minister with abusive words; afterwards they entred into Disputation, the Question was, Whether there were any such Sin as Original sin; the Anabaptist denied it; the Minister urged an Argument from the example [Page 2]of David, confessing that hee was shapen in iniquity, and in sin did his Mother conceive him, Psal. 51.5. to prove there was.
The Anabaptist answered, That the meaning of that place was this, not that David himself was corrupted, or defiled with sin, but that hee was shapen and conceived in a sinful Woman. Which answer will appear to any man that hath but common sense, to be not only false, but also most absurd and ridiculous; for David, as will plainly appear to him that reads that Psalm, speaks only of himself, confesseth his own Sin only, and this Original sin, as the root and fountain of all the rest; there was not so much as a thought of time betwixt his Natural being, and his Sinful being, Corruption did accompany the very first degree of his Conception, I was shapen in iniquity, and in sin did my Mother conceive me: And he praies for the forgiveness of this sin among the rest.
After many words past, the Anabaptist, unsatisfied, objected, That the Minister never read of any Childe [Page 3]that was Damned, therefore no such Sin which deserved eternal Death; his reason was, because eternal Death is only the wages of actual sin; which the Minister denied, and instanced in Esau, reprobated from all eternity, Rom. 9.11, 12, 13.
The Anabaptist answerd, That that was for Esaus actual transgression, and cited Jeremy falsly; but the words named are in Amos 1.3.6.9. For three Transgressions of Damascus, and for Four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; and so the sixth and ninth of Gaza and Tyrus; which text is as farre from the purpose as Baughton is from Rome. It appears plainly from the Apostle, that the words cited by the Minister, Esau have I hated, are concerning Gods purpose in Election and Reprobation, and not for any actual Sin committed by Esau, or good done by Jacob, for the Children not being yet born, mark that, neither having done good or evil, mark that, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, vers. 11. it is written, Jacob have I loved, but Esau have I hated. [Page 4]What will the Anabaptists say now? they say it is unjust for God to Damn those that never committed Actual Sin, the Apostle would stop their blasphemous mouthes, vers. 14. What shall we say then, is there unrighteousness with God? God forbid, saith he, Hath not the Potter power over the Clay, to make one Vessel for honour, and another for dishonour, ver. 21.
The Anabaptist still obstinate, the Minister urged another Argument to prove some Children were Damned, and not for Actual sin, therefore for Original, and therefore there was such sin as we call Original; the Argument was taken out of Jude, vers. 7. where it is said, that Sodom and Gomorrah, and the Cities about them, suffered the vengeance of eternal fire; in which Cities, no doubt but there were some Children which never had sinned actually, and these with the rest suffered the vengeance of eternal fire.
The Anabaptist answered, by shewing the meaning of Eternal; The word Eternal, saith he, is there to be understood for consuming, which is as [Page 5]ridiculous and absurd as the rest; our ordinary fire is consuming, it consumes the Wood, or other matter that nourisheth it, and so at last it self is extinguished; but this eternal fire never goeth out, neither doth it consume those it burns; the wicked burn eternally, that is, for ever, and are never consumed; so the answer implyes a contradiction.
To make this his Exposition good, he cited a place of St. Mat. 10.15. It shall be more tollerable for Sodom and Gomorrah in the Day of Judgement, than for that City, that will not receive the Apostles; more tollerable, that is, saith he, (being holpen by one of his Disciples) Sodom and Gomorrah shall be excused; but that Exposition they can never make good; more tollerable, said the Minister, that is, they shall not receive so severe a Sentence, they shall receive lesser Damnation, but not be wholly excused. This he proved by reason, for more is the Comparative degree, and is a relative term, and respects the same thing; then strenghened this reason by Scripture, Mat. 23.14. [Page 6]Yee shall receive greater damnation there is Damnation for them because they devoured widows houses, but greater damnation, because they made long prayer their pretence; more tollerable, then, doth not imply that they were wholly excused, but received lesser punishment.
The Anabaptist then began to urge an Argument, that no Children were Damned; the Minister perceiving that this was to run round in a circle, not able to indure the cold longer, being not yet fully recovered of sickness, the Anabaptist began to cry Victory, by railing on the Ministers.
Were not those people given over to a reprobate sense, to strong delusions, to beleeve lyes, they could never force such interpretations upon Scripture. The Lord open their eyes, that they may see the truth, and convert, and be healed.
An Answer to a Letter of Master Matth. Rutton, Minister of Baughton (as he so calleth himself) sent to a friend of mine, in order to the Vindication of a Dispute between him and myself at Baughton, where wee accidentally met, to his friend Master Mat. Rutton, as followeth.
WHereas you were pleased to affirm in your Letter I was troubled about a Sermon you delivered, in the which you writ, you proved such as I am to be the Ministers of Satan, for the which cause you say I fell upon you with abusive words; Sir, I pray you do not forget your self, for I began not with you, neither did I give you any [Page 8]abusive words, neither did I know that you had delivered such a Sermon as you confess, in which you rendered me, and such as I am, to be so odious; although I had heard before that you did usually rail much, as your Predecessors did against Christ and his Apostles, saying, they were Deceivers, pestilent Fellows, and turners of the World upside down, though Michael the Arch-Angel, when he was Disputing with the Devil about the body of Moses, did not bring a rayling accusation, but left it to God, with these words, The Lord rebuke thee. But I pray remember, that your Neighbour, of whom you at that instant received Tithes, after he had paid it, asked you in much mildness of speech, Why you did rail so much against the Baptists; and you presently said, they were Anabaptists, for you said the word in the Greek signified again, and you Baptizing Persons again are called Anabaptists; at the which words I could no less than make answer, saying, That for my part I did dis-own Baptizing of any persons again, who were once truly Baptized according to Christs appointment; [Page 9]and more-over I said, That sprinkling a little water in a Childes face in its Infancy, was not Baptism, but a cousening shift brought in by Pope Innocentius the Third; and then you replied, and said, That Baptizo signified Sprinkling, as well as Dipping, the which I denied, and shewed you, there was no correspondency between the word Baptizo and Rantizo (in their significations) to prove one and the same thing, Baptizo signifies to plunge, or overwhelm, Rantizo, to sprinkle, or scatter. the one signifying to dip, to plunge, to sink, to over-whelm in water; the other word to sprinkle, to scatter here or there, or to disperse abroad on divers parts of the body; then all that you had more to say in the behalf of that was, That it was set down so in the Book of Common Prayer, and when you could say no more to that, you cried out against them, ( viz. the Baptists) for broaching of gross Errors, and instanced that of Original sin, to which I said, that for my part I did beleeve, That all the Sons and Daughters of Adam, were not only under the guilt of it, but also groan under the punishment of it, untill this day; although you falsly writ in your [Page 10]Letter that I denyed that there was such a Sin as Original sin, and yet you may remember, that you made me this answer, Though I did beleeve that there was such a sin, yet there were many of my adherents that did beleeve there was no such sin; and Sir, then I went on to deal plainly with you, and shewed you what that first Sin of Adam in Paradise, which is usually called Original Sin, did incur, and made all his Children liable to, the which Adams sin brought not Condemnation to Hell on his Posterity, but death of the Body, with Sickness, Sorrow, &c. I affirm to be the first Death, with sickness, weakness, and all such infirmities, with the loss of all Paradisical injoyments, and not Damnation in Hell; which is only the desert of sins against God manifested in Christ, which brought a second state of life, and that you may see clearly in the pronunciation of the Sentence by God to Adam, in Gen. 3. from the fourteenth to the twentieth, where he tells him, That in sorrow he should eat bread, with the sweat of his brows, until thou return unto the ground, for out of it wast thou taken. This was the punishment God laid upon Adam and his Posterity for that Sin; Dust thou [Page 11]art, and to dust thou shalt return. Hence it cometh to pass, that both righteous and unrighteous suffer alike, whereby wee may see Gods Justice must be satified; and so much briefly as to the Sin which you call Original, or more properly to the punishment thereof.
And now in order I shall come to the one and fiftieth Psalm, vers. 5. these words, Behold, I was shapen in iniquity, and in sin did my mother conceive me. In which words there appeareth no such thing as you say, that David there confessed any sin, or guilt of any sin, as he stood in the loyns of his Parents, unless that first sinne, which, as I have shewed you, brought but the first Death; neithe have they any less perfection in quality of nature, by the which they are put into a worse capacity, to stand, or fall, as to the losse of the injoyment of that eternal inheritance, although I grant the first thing they do when they are capable of a Law (and temptations do approach) they like their first Father Adam, break the Law of God, as he did; and these words have I spoken as in order to the [Page 12]making way for the opening of the words before mentioned; for in the first verse David is a Petitioning to God for Mercy and Pardon for that sin w ch he had committed in killing Uriah, and taking Bathsheba his Wife unto himself, in the which Petition he uses three Arguments, as we may so say.
The First is from the multitude of Gods Mercies, in these words, According to thy loving kindness, according to the multitude of thy mercies, verse the first.
The Second is from his acknowledging of his Sin, saying, My sins are ever before me, vers. 3. as if he should say, They are the greatest trouble that I have in the World, they are always in my way; so that we see the second Motive that he uses to attain Mercy, is by confession of his sin, with great zeal and ardency of spirit, he well knowing that God had promised, That he that confesseth and forsaketh his sin, should finde mercy.
And the Third and last Argument which he used (in this Psalm) to move God to have mercy upon him, in blotting out his transgressions, was [Page 13]from the brittleness of his Nature, and the weakness of that Lump that he was made out of; As if hee should have said, Father, thou knowest I am of the Earth earthly, which is subject to much weakness, and frailty, and therefore he beyond all other reasons, in this last reason, vers. 5, saith, Behold! as if he should have said, Lord, take notice, as well consider how defective the Mould was in the which I was formed (which to me appears to be his Mother Eva, in whose loyns was David, and all other shapen, for God made all Mankind at once, and not his Mother that bare him) that thereby thou considering my frame, maist in pity blot out my transgressions. This expression of David is not used alone, but hath the like import, Psal. 103. v. 12, 13, 14, in these words, ver. 12. As far as the East is from the West, so far hath he removed our transgressions from us, And in the fourteenth verse, he giveth the reason why the Lord is so gracious, in these words, For hee knoweth our frame, that we are but dust; so that I conceive in this fifth vers. of the one and fiftieth Psalm, which [Page 14]you cited to me in these words, Behold I was shapen in iniquity, and in sin did my mother conceive me, is no more but the proneness of Davids Nature, by reason of the weakness of the matter that he was made of; and that is the same that he desires God to take notice of, or behold, whereby hee might graciously remit that sinful Act that he had committed, unless you meant that Sin which beleeving men and women suffer for, which is the sin against the first Covenant, which did consist of an earthly Paradisical glory, which I did to you, and do still affirm, That both Adam, and all his Posterity consideredly as they were in his loyns, did not only commit it, but also suffer for it, which I did then (and do still) affirm to bee the first Death, by which Pollution and Corruption run thorow all the parts of the outward man. Adams Sin brought no pollution or disability on the Spiritual part of Mankinde.
But as I have said, no pollution or disability in the least hath it brought to the Spiritual part of man, whereby the Conscience or spirit of man should be defiled, neither actively, nor imputatively; not actively for this reason, because the Spiritual part of man is not [Page 15]involved in the loyns of Adam, whereby he doth be get it, but it is formed in man by God, Zach. 12.1. so according to the Word of the Lord, when he speaketh concerning the dissolution Man is not made uncapable to act good by Adams sin. of that Mortal lump that man begetteth, saith, then Dust shall return to dust, and the Spirit to him that gave it; so that as man begetteth only the Natural part of man, and not the Spiritual, and thereby the Spiritual part being not in form and matter in the loyns of Adam, therefore the Spiritual part could not be polluted, but the Natural part being in matter involved in the loyns of Adam, was polluted, corrupted, and deformed; from whence ariseth all the corruption of Nature, as Blindness, Deafness, and Lameness, and all such like Corruptions, which shall remain, until this corruptible body shall put on incorruption; so it is clear, that the Spiritual part of the Sons of Adam did not sin in Adam The Fathers iniquity makes not the Childe liable to the second death. by action, because it was not in being.
The second Reason why the guilt of Adams sin cannot lye upon the Spiritual part of any, so as to [Page 16]make them stand guilty before God of a second Death, is from the reproof the Lord gave to a Generation of men of your judgement, that thought the Childe must dye for the Fathers sins, that when the Lord did threaten the punishment of the sins of the Fathers upon the Children, that you blindly, (with those whom the Lord reproveth Ezek. 18.2, 3.) do conclude, that it must needs be the punishment of the second Death, therefore the Lord saith, he would have that Proverb used no more, The fathers have eaten soure Grapes, and the Childrens teeth are set on edge, but the soul that sinneth shall dye. So much briefly as for the second reason.
But whereas you said, that there was no thought of time betwixt the Natural being of David, and the sinful being; if you mean his sinful being, by that matter that he received from Adam, it is granted, but if it be of the Soul, or inward part, which had its being from God, it is denied from the two Reasons already rendred.
Further, one Reason more; Any Creature that is defiled in the inward [Page 17]man, is not fit for the Kingdom of God; but Children are fit for the Kingdom of God at the very birth of them; therefore Children are not defiled or corrupted in the inward man.
Further, You affirmed in your writing, that I said that you could never read in Scripture that any Children were damned, and therefore no such Sin Original to Damn; to which say you, you instanced that of Esau, who was reprobated from all Eternity; to the which I answer, I do indeed confess you said so, but I have learned, that your say so is no sufficient proof; for the ninth of the Romans, the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth verses, which you cited to prove the matter, prove no such thing; for let any Soul seriously read that place, and see whether that place say, that God reprobated Esau before hee was born, or had done good or evil; We may take notice that Paul in that place makes use of two portions of Scripture, the first is Gen. 25.23. and the next is Mal. 1.2, 3.
But first to the first place, that speaks of Esau before he was born; now in [Page 18]this place we may take notice that Rebecca had been barren, and Childebearing was somewhat strange to her being barren, so that in verse twenty two it is said, the Children struggled within her (which was a Type of that variance and difference that was to be in time betwixt Jacob and Esau) and she said, If it be so, why am I thus? as if she should have said, What is the cause of this struggleing, since it is so that I have been barren, and the text said, Shee inquired of the Lord; now followeth the matter that was spoken of Esau before he was born, vers. 23. And the Lord said unto her, two Nations are in thy wombe, and two manner of people shall be separated from thy bowels, and the one people shall be stronger than the other people, and the elder shall serve the younger. Now I pray consider, Doth this say that God hath reprobated Esau before hee was born? and this was all that I finde was said of him before hee was born. Pray may not a younger brother farre surmount in external injoyments, insomuch that thereby the elder may come to serve the younger, and yet [Page 19]both of them saved, if the elder do not misdemean himself to God? so, though Jacob have that great possession of the Land of Canaan, and Esau have the inferiour possession of Edom, yet, may not Esau be saved if he do not abuse his talent?
And the second place that Paul useth is, Mal. 2.3, in these words, as it is written, Jacob have I loved, and Esau have I hated, Rom. 9.13. Now we know, that it is no where else written, Esau not hated before hee was born. Jacob have I loved, and Esau have I hated; and this was long after Jacob and Esau were dead; though Paul make use of these two places, as Genesis and Malachy, both at one instant of time, yet the sentence in Malachy was written hundreds of years since that of Genesis i and concerning Esau after he was dead, and had done many evil works, as Obadiah the tenth.
Thus you may see your mistakes in the Scriptures by your little reading, or less exercising of your understandings in them; and as you say, I falsly cited Jeremy, when the place was in Amos; I say you falsly accuse me, for [Page 20]I cited Malachy, Obadiah, and Amos, and the place cited in Jeremy was about the Potter and the Clay.
Sir, one absurdity take notice of, in the which you may see you make God a Lyar, when as God sweareth, ( Ezek. 33.11.) that he desires not the death of the wicked, but rather that they would return and live; you say hee is so farre from meaning what he saith, that he hath appointed from eternity the greatest part of men to be Damned, Contrary to that, 1 Tim. 2.1, 2, 3, 4, verses, 2 Pet. 3.9. with a multitude more of Scriptures that might be added. You say that the Anabaptists, as you call them, will say that it is unjust for God to condemn those that have not committed actual Sin; to which I answer.
The Apostle would stop their blasphemous mouthes with Rom. 9.14. in these words, What, is there unrighteousness with God? God forbid. Moreover you adde, vers. 21. in these words, Hath not the Potter power over the Clay, to make one vessel to honour, and another to dishonour; and in these words you think you have met with us [Page 21]to the purpose, and therefore are bold to call us blasphemous; but Sir, give me leave to tell you without offence, That if you know as well how to feed the Flock, as you do to take off the fleece, you would have seen that the Apostle had not brought this place to have proved that God might have been righteous, and yet for all that damn where there is no actual sin; for Sir, take notice, that in this place he speaks not to Children, or such as had not commited actual sin, but to the rebellious house of Israel, whom he compares to Clay marred in the Potters hands; so they were in the Lords hands, and he did intend to make them honourable Vessels, he did (as we may say in reference to his Majesty) do all what hee could to them, use all the means that he had to bestow upon a people to make them Honourable, yet still they were marred in his hand, that is to say, rebellious and refractory. You may see this proved fully in these two portions of Scripture, in the room of many more that might be given, Isa. 5. from the first Verse to the eighth, Ezekiel 16, from the fifth to the fourteenth. [Page 22]Now to come to the eighteenth of Jeremiah, from the first verse and so onwards, you may see they are the very words that the Apostle Paul maketh use of to answer that Objection, Rom. 9.19. which saith, Thou then wilt say unto me, why doth hee yet finde fault, for who hath resisted his will? Answer, Nay, but O man, who art thou that repliest against God? Shall the thing formed say unto him that formed it, why hast thou made me thus? Hath not the Potter power over the Clay, to make one vessel to honour, and another to dishonour?
Now this take notice of well, Disobedience the cause that men become Vessels of dishonour. that the Apostle goeth now to answer that Objection, vers. 19. in these words, Who hath resisted his will; and sheweth them plainly, that they were the people that had resisted his will; if he had not shewed by infallible proof, that they were the people that had resisted Gods will, then the Objection had lain still unanswered, but now he answereth it, as if he should have said, O yee murmuring stiffe-necked house of Israel, have you a word to speak against God for his Justice in cutting you off, and [Page 23]making you a dishonourable people? did not the Lord say unto you long ago by his Prophet Jeremiah, Chap. 18. vers. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. when he compares you to the Clay, and himself to the Potter, you being stubborn or refractory in the hand of the Lord, and would have none of his instructions, when he called you to walk in that good old way, but your answer was, You would not walk therein, Jerem. 6.16. did not the Lord prophecy to make you another vessel as seemed him good? which in all likelihood was to be a Vessel of dishonour, for it seems good unto the Lord, when persons will not bee allured by Mercy, to be cut off by the Axe of his Justice, Mat. 3.10. Iohn 15.1, 2, 3. Verses, therefore who art thou, or how canst thou finde fault, saying, Who hath resisted his will? when it is evident that thou hast so resisted his will, being Clay marred in the Potters hands. But if the Objection be made, That he had mercy on some of the House of Israel, and so made them Vessels of honour, and yet some hee made Vessels of dishonour; To that I anwser, It is very true, that hee did [Page 24]make some of that Lump Vessels of honour, but they were such as were pricked in their heart for their sins Act. 2.37, and did purifie their heart through beleeving, and obeying the truth, and so Christ became the Author of their eternal Salvation, Heb. 5.9. 1 Pet. 1. vers. 22. for it was that which the Lord hath promised Souls that did purge themselves from the unbeleef in their hearts, as you may see, 2 Tim. 2.20. But in a great House there are not only Vessels of Gold, and of Silver, but also of Wood, and of Earth, and some to honour, and some to dishonour, vers. 21. if a man therefore purge himself from these, he shall be a vessel unto honour, sanctified and meet for the Masters use, and prepared unto every good work.
And now I shall give you a brief review of those words that the Apostle Paul makes use of, Rom. 9. they are the words of the Prophet Ieremy, Jer. 18.1. to 17. and so onwards, And the Word of the Lord came unto me saying, Go down to the Potters house, and there will I cause thee to hear my words; and I went down to the Potters [Page 25]House, and behold he wronght a work on the wheel; and the vessel that he made with clay was marred in the hands of the Potter, and he made another Vessel as seemed the Potter good to make it; then the Word of the Lord came unto me saying, O House of Israel, can I not do with you as this Potter, saith the Lord? Behold, as the clay is in the Potters hands, so are yee in my hands, O House of Israel. At what instant I speak concerning a Nation, or Kingdom, to pluck up, or destroy; If that Nation turn from their evil, I will repent of the evil I thought to do unto them; but in what instant I speak concerning a Nation or Kingdom, to build or to plant it, if they do evil in my sight, then will I repent of the good wherewith I said I would benefit them; now therefore go, speak to the men of Judah, and inhabitants of Jerusalem, saying, thus saith the Lord, Behold, I frame evil against you, and devise a device against you; return every one of you from his evil way, and make your ways and your doings good, but they [Page 26]said there is no hope, but we wil wa [...] after our own devices, &c. and in vers, 17. he threatens to shew them his back, and not the face in the day of their Calamity, the which wee may see the Lord brought upon them, and yet he was just when he judged; and thus you see the Apostle answereth the Objection, and shews the Jews, Rom. 9. what the Lord had determined concerning them, and also made known by the Prophet Jeremy that hee could, according to the truth of his Justice (if they remained obstinate in doing evil in his sight) make them a dishonourable Vessel, as well as the Potter could make that Clay (which was not yeelding, and conformable to his hands) a vessel of dishonour. Thus I have shewed you the words of the Prophet, and the meaning of the Apostle, that he doth not stop the mouthes of those persons that say, the Lord of the whole earth cannot do unrighteousness, and therefore cannot Condemn the Childe, and cast it into Hell for the Fathers sin; neither can he Reprobate any but for their actual sin; but hee stops the mouthes of those Jews, and all such [Page 27]as they are who do question why God might finde fault, although they before have given him just cause of offence, Mal. 3.8.
The next thing you affirm, Sodom not suffering punishment in Hell fire. is not true, wherein you said I did affirm, That that fire which Saint Jude calls eternal fire, was meant only consuming fire; though it was consuming indeed, yet I did not affirm that to bee the only meaning of it, but you may remember, I said by the word eternal fire, was meant such a fire as was not kindled by man, neither did it happen in the City by accident, but it issued forth from God, being not kindled by man, and so was as eternal as himself, for the breath of the Lord was ever a fire to his enemies, Dan. 7.10. From hence it is said of him, in Hebr. 11.29. Our God is a consuming fire; the which fire did destroy the Natural bodies of the Sodomites, and that eternal fire was not Hell, as you blindly conceive; but it was such fire as the Prophet commanded to come down from Heaven to destroy the Captains, and their Fifties, which was as eternal as that of Sodom, being without kindling by man, or [Page 28]without end, and it came not out of Hell, but from Heaven; and so you may see it, Gen. 19.24. in these words, Then the Lord rained upon Sodom, and upon Gomorrah, brimstone and sire from the Lord out of Heaven; and this was for the destruction of no more but their Natural bodies, for it is not Gods way to afflict the punishment of Hell before he hath tried Souls at the general Judgement, which shall not be till after the Resurrection; for the Sentence against the first sin, and the punishment thereof (which was the first death) was not inflicted upon Adam till after God had legally tried him; and Sir, let me tell you, that the very Devils are not yet in Hell, but their punishment is reserved until the Day of Judgement, Reprobate Angels and reprobate men not yet in punishment. Iude vers. 6. Matth. 8.29. Why art thou come to torment us before the time? Which sheweth plainly, that the punishment of reprobate Angels, and reprobate Men, is not yet inflicted, but hath reference to time; and Sir, if I should ask you where Hell were, what answer would you give me? you would happily tell mee, it was where the Wrath of [Page 29]God was, and then I shall conclude, that Hell were under your Coat, for Christ saith, Ioh. 3.36. That he that beleeveth not, the wrath of God abideth on him for ever.
And truly Sir, if your faith should be tried by your works (as Iames saith it must be) then doubtless you would be found altogether unbeleeving; and if so, then according to the former words of our blessed Saviour, That the wrath of God abides on such; so that if you do conclude Hell to bee in all places where the Wrath of God is, (though I do indeed conclude, that there shall be a material place of Hell, where the Wrath of God shall remain perpetually) then Hell must of necessity be at the place aforesaid.
And if you do conclude it to bee on the Earth, or under the Earth, as some foolishly have conceived, then it is most evident, that the Devils are not yet in Hell, for he is called the Prince of the Air; and hence it comes to pass, that the Devil is many times cast down by the Judgements of God; so that if you have any reason to prove Hell to be yet in being, then you might have some [Page 30]better ground, to say the Sodomites with their Children are in Hell, but having no reason to prove the first, you have little reason to say the second.
But if you should suppose that Luke Parables prove not things. sixteenth would prove it in the Parable, I will shew you that that will bee no proof, for it was but a Parable, and I can as well affirm that the Trees went forth on a time to anoynt a King over them, Judg. 9.8. And they said unto the Olive tree, reign thou over us. You may read unto the sixteenth verse, and see a large Discourse of it, which is a Parable as well as that, Luke sixteenth, and so proves nothing, but is for illustration, and so that place Luke sixteenth is for illustration, by the which the Lord doth shew what shall be the condition of poor afflicted Souls that suffer in this Life, and also the condition of such who hate the poor afflicted people of God, and take their pleasure in this Life; so that God calls things that shall be in time, as if they were in present being.
Hence it comes to pass, that the Angel cries out, Babylon is fallen, Revel. 14.8. and so Revel. 18.2. which [Page 31]Voyce from Heaven was sixteen hundred years ago, and yet I doubt not but you would conclude with me, that Rome which is there called Mystery Babylon is not yet fallen; & so also John saith, Revel. 20.11, 12. That he saw the general Resurrection, and the last Judgement; so that you may see God calleth things that shall be, as if they were; and thus I have answered your great Objection, Luk. 16.22. But now because there is a Generation of Men, which affirm, That there is no Hell now in being, nor never shall be, and thereby are hardned in their ungodly practises, I shall shew you in a few words my judgement concerning Hell, that all men may see I abhor such an ungodly opinion.
In the first place I shall speak a little Hell not in being till the coming of the Lord of the time of its being, and that I find in Scripture shall not be till the coming of the Lord Jesus Christ to judge the world, 2 Thessal. 7. vers. 8. where the Lord is said to come in flaming fire, to punish such as disobey him in his Gospel, and Iude 14, 15. verses, Behold, the Lord cometh with ten thousand of his Saints, to execute [Page 32]judgement upon all. Which sheweth, that neither Judgement, nor the execution of Judgement (which is the punishment of Hell) shall be untill the coming of the Lord; see also, Revel. 22.12. He shall come quickly, and his reward shall be with him, to give unto every one according to his works. See Mat. 25.29, 30, 31. So much briefly for the time of Hell in its being, although much more may be said.
Secondly in brief, for the place of Hell, which I conceive shall bee on Earth, where sin was committed; for which I refer you to Isaiah 24.21. which saith, And it shall come to pass in that day, that the Lord will punish the Host of High ones which are on high, and the Kings of the earth on the earth. It is in that day when hee shall reign gloriously in the Hill of Zion, when the Sun shall be ashamed, and the Moon confounded.
And further, we know Hell is called utter darkness, viz. when the Lord hath with-drawn, the Sun, Moon, and Stars, which are but for signs and seasons, and for days and years; and these words shew that they are limited [Page 33]as to time, which when they are taken away, the Earth will be utter darkness, and so the place where the Lord will punish. Further he saith, he will gather all Flesh to the valley of Jehosaphat, and plead with them there, and so much briefly to the place.
Now because I have thus said, that Hell is not yet in being, let not any ungodly Soul be hardned in his ungodly practices, to think that when they dye they shall not go to Hell, thou maist come there too soon; for if so be that a thousand years to the Lord be but as yesterday, and yet he have knowledge of time, then ten thousand years is but a moment to those which have no knowledge of time; but in the Grave there is no remembrance of time, so that from Adams death which was the first man, unto the time of his Resurrection, will be to him but a moment of time.
But if by these words you should conclude that I hold the Mortality of the Soul, I shall speak a word to it, although I have spoke to it before, yet a word now in its place may be seasonable, and that is this, All that is man [Page 34]dyeth, and is mortal; neither do I know, and I beleeve you will be troubled to finde, that any other thing returns to God, than that Spirit, which is neither of man, nor from man, but was freely given from God, which indeed is immortal, and yet is in no capacity to receive joy, until the body is perfected with it. I could speak much to this particular, but that I see two sorts of persons that are ready to run upon the extremes, which for want of true understanding in that point do run into great absurdities.
In the last Clause of your Letter you say, The Anabaptist would have urged another Argument to prove no Children damned, but you say you refused it, and said, that was but running round.
To which I answer, That it did appear to me you were very weary indeed, and could not answer to one Argument, and therefore much less to many more. You writ to me that you were scarcely recovered of Sickness, and so that was one ground why you could not. We use to say, Sir, a bad shift is better than none, but while you were a [Page 35]talking of the flesh, namely contesting about your Tithes with your Neighbour, which was none of your Flock, you seemed to be very well.
But Sir, I marvell not much at your Apology, for I scarce ever met with any of your Coat but they had urgent business that wanted them at home, or a great way to Ride, or a Sermon to Teach, or some such like excuse; but were any of you at any place where you might have varieties for your Belly, or monies for your Purse, and no Sectaries in the way (as you call them) to trouble you, you would not bee in such great hast. Furthermore, you said I cried Victory by railing upon you, Sir, I pray you do not make me like your self, which usually do rayl in your Pulpit, as I am informed, and by your own confession; but I shall give you a review of those words, which you call rayling.
You may remember, when you were mounted on your Horse, and ready to be gone, when you could say nothing unto me, you had thought to stop my mouth with these words, saying unto me, you profess God hath spoke [Page 36]to you, let us see you shew a sign.
Although I never had a tittle in my speech to that purpose, my answer was this (which you call rayling) that you are like to that adulterous Generation that seek a sign, and none shall be given them.
And furthermore I said, That if you were as careful to read the Scriptures, and being frequent in them, as you were, to look after your Tithes, you might have remembred, that John the Baptist, who was a very great Prophet, did shew no sign or mark at all, yet all that that he said was true, Joh. 10.41. and this was the sum of that I said, which you call rayling.
The last thing you say, appears to be full of confusion, for in the first Clause of your last Verse, in which you say, that such as wee, are given up, The meaning thereof is this, That God hath given us up to be cast out of his favour, not only intending to harden us, but also to harden himself against us, not intending any means shall do us good, cutting us from mercy, delighting in our destruction; this is [Page 37]meant by giving up to a reprobate sense.
And yet now in the last Clause of your Verse you pray, That the Lord would open our eyes; so that in one place you cast us as far as you can into Hell, and say, That God hath done so in his account already. Do I wrong such a generation of men; if I should call them Babels Brats? I leave the Reader to judge. But as for your prayer I matter it not, whether you pray for us, or curse us (which is your most usuallest practice) for I know that the prayers of such are abomination, according to the Word of the Lord, Prov. 28. vers. 9. I shall speak no more to the Letter at present, but exhort you to repent from your dead works, and beleeve the Gospel, and be Baptized for remission of sins, before the Decree pass, and there be no remedy.
Now Sir, having answered your Letter, [Page 38]I shall not leave you so, but shall further clear the truth of what I have affirmed by word and writing, and that by several Reasons or Arguments, as followeth.
Arg. 1. That opion that affirmeth God may change in what he hath absolutely Decreed, is false, and erronious; but your Opinion, that Original sin bringeth Adam and all his Posterity, God not changeable in his Decrees. liable, or guilty to the second Death, (and yet we see Adam and all his Posterity are not punished with the second Death) maketh God changeable in what he hath absolutely Decreed; ergo your opinion is false and erronious.
The Major part of the Argument I suppose will not bee denied, and that you know well that God changeth not, and therefore the Sons of Jacob are not consumed.
The Minor I shall thus prove, from Gen. 2.17. which faith, But of the tree of knowledge of good and evil thou shalt not eat of it, for in the day thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely dye, or, in dying thou shalt dye. Here we may see God did absolutely Decree. and also declare his Decree, That if [Page 39] Adam did transgress that Law, hee should dye.
Now if that Death included there do presuppose the second Death as well as the first, then if all do not dye the second Death as well as the first, Gods Justice is not satisfied, but his Decree frustrated, for God cannot bring any secondary means to frustrate that which he hath absolutely Decreed, or disappoint the satisfaction of his Justice. When I say he cannot, my meaning is this, That the Will of God, with the Attribute of his Truth, doth guide the Attribute of his Power, so that he can do nothing but what is righteous, according to truth.
If God may bring a secondary means to disappoint the satisfaction of his Justice, he may as well bring a secondary means to disappoint the satisfaction of his Mercy, whereby the Justice of his Mercy be not executed.
In plaineness of words, my meaning is this, That if the Lord would after he had said Adam should dye (and all his) eternally, and yet afterwards prepare life and glory for so many of them as would accept of it; may hee not as [Page 40]well prepare a Hel for persons who have continued faithful unto death, whose reward is a Crown of Life?
But now to answer an Objection or two.
Obj. 1. The first Objection is from the example of Ninivie, for the Lord said, Forty days and Ninivie shall be destroyed, and yet it was not destroyed; from which word many conclude, that God doth change in his Decree.
Ans. God doth not change his Decree, but doth decree to change his Dispensation according to the actions of the Creature. To this I answer, That God did not change his Decree, but did decree to change his Dispensation of Mercy or Judgement according to the Creatures obedience, or disobedience; for God had declared his Decree long before Jonah was sent to Ninivie, That at what instant be spake of a Nation, or Kingdom, to pluok up, or destroy, if they did repent of their evil, hee would repent of the evil he thought to do unto them, Jerem. 18.7. but wee see Ninivie did repent, from the King on the throne, to the Begger on the dunghil. And hence it comes to pass, that God could not destroy them, though he told Jonah hee did intend such a thing as concerning them; and [Page 41]thus we see God doth not alter in his Decree, although he doth Decree to alter his Dispensation of Mercy or Judgement, according to the Creatures actings.
Hence it comes to pass, though Adam should have enjoyed all Paradisical glory, & not been rooted up for ever, yet for his disobedience he was rooted up, & drove out of the Garden, with the loss of all that aforesaid injoyment; and God that seeth things before time that shall be in time, and calleth things that shall be as if they were, saw Adam the very same day that hee did Transgress, not only dying (in dying thou shalt surely dye) but also saw Adam and his posterity returned unto Earth from whence hee was taken; so the Sentence is true in his account, that calls things that shall be as if they were. So much briefly to the first Objection.
Obj. 2. The second Objection is, That the Promise did intervene Adams Sin, and the Sentence.
Ans. I answer, That makes not to the taking away of the Punishment of it; hence it comes to pass, though the Promise hath been made flesh, and [Page 42]dwelt amongst us, and hath been dead and risen again, yet no whit of the punishment is abated; so that God can as well cease to be, as he can cease to be unfaithful in the true execution of the Attributes of his Justice or Mercy.
But I conceive the reason why the Promise did intervene, was, because he would not leave his Creatures without some comfort, as if he should have said, Adam, there was a time when thou mightest have eaten of every Tree in the Garden, unless that Tree in the middest, and in pleasure, and not in sorrow, but now thou shalt eat in sorrow all the days of thy life, until thou returnest unto that lump of Earth from whence thou wast taken, therefore thou maist see what thou hast got by harkning to the voyce of the Serpent, and thy Wife, yet this let me speak to thy comfort, The Seed of the Woman shall break the Serpents head; that is, though the Serpent had thought by his subtilty to have buried thy honour in the dust for ever, and so to have destroyed the work that I had been doing Six, days, in one hour, yet I will have him to know, that my Wisdom [Page 43]is unsearchable, and my ways past finding out; that I have found a way to involve my Son in the flesh, not to take upon him the Nature of Angels, but the Seed of Abraham, whereby hee may take away the Victory from the Grave; though thou must needs dye, and be like water spilt upon the ground, yet I have used a means that thou shalt not be for ever expelled, 2 Sam. 14.14.
So, know this to thy comfort, and set the Serpent know this to his shame, though my word be established in the Heavens, that the Heavens and Earth shall pass away, yet not one word of mine shall pass away unexecuted, and so I shall take the words of the Lord before named, 2 Sam. 14.14. and shew you why God brought in the promised Seed, to intervene sin and the sentence, that is, though his Decree cannot be broken, nor his Justice go unsatisfied, but that Man must dye for that Original Sin, no man or woman to be exempted, but must all be banished by death.
But Jesus Christ was to bring life and immortality to light; herein is the saying made good, O Death where is [Page 44]thy sting! O Grave where is thy Victory! the sting of death is sin, and the strength of sin is the Law, but thanks be to God, who hath given us victory through Jesus Christ our Lord.
This place the Apostle useth, 1 Cor. 15. to prove the very thing that I am now a proving of. If you should ask me, whether Christ brought nothing for the Sons of Men more than a Resurrection, I should answer yes, many things, he brought heavenly Paradisical glory for all such as would accept of it upon those conditions that he offered it. Much more might be said to this Objection and Argument, but my time at present is precious.
Arg. 2. If the Sin against the First Covenant made the Sinners liable but to the first Death, then Adam, and all since in his loyns, were liable but to the first Death.
But the Sin against the first Covenant made the Sinners liable but to the first Death.
Ergo Adam and all his posterity stand guilty by that Sin only of the first Death.
To the proof of this Argument I [Page 45]shall give you to understand what I mean by the first Covenant, and that you may see, was excellent injoyments (I mean) excelling in Prerogative beyond all other Creatures, insomuch as they were all under him, and whatsoever name he gave them they shall bee called by; and also, had he not sinned, he should have injoyed that pure earthly Paradisical injoyment, which was the glory of the first Covenant, from which glory hee fell by transgression of that Law, or that Original Sin, as you so call it.
First, Adams sin being only against the first Covenant brings not Condemnation to Hell. That he sinned against no other Covenant but that Covenant, because there was never no Covenant made of a second Life, or a second Glory, not till after Adam had sinned, and therefore could not sin against such a Covenant, it being not made, nor he in a capacity to sin against any such thing.
So that Sir, take notice of this one thing by the way, that as the Grave, and the misery tending thereunto, as sickness, weakness, and such like infirmities, is that which a Creature receiveth as punishment for the sinning against that pure earthly Paradisical Covenant.
So the Gulf of Hell, Punishment in Hell only for transgression against the second Covenant with eternal misery, is the punishment of Sin committed against that second Covenant, the which is a Covenant of heavenly Paradisical glory; so that as the glory of the second Covenant doth surmount the glory of the first, so the loss of the thing Covenanted, with the punishment thereunto, doth farre surmount the injoyment of the first, with the punishment annexed thereunto.
Now to prove my Minor Proposition by a plain rext, as Gen. 3.19. In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, until thou returnest to the ground, for out of it wast thou taken, dust thou art, and unto dust thou shalt return, Compare this with the seventeenth verse of the same Chapter, where he saith, Cursed is the ground for thy sake; and also telleth him, that it shall bear thorns and thistles. So if you take good notice what the Lord denounces as punishment to him and his seed, (which is only earthly) and inflicted only upon the outward man, no whit eternal, neither inflicted upon the inward man; and thus I have proved my Minor Proposition, that Adams Sin [Page 47]was but against the first Covenant, which sin lost but the injoyment of the first Life, with that earthly Paradisical glory.
Arg. 3. Adam and all his injoyments before he fell were but earthly. If Adam in his best condition (as he stood in Paradise before the Fall) were but an earthly man, and all his injoyments were but earthly injoyments; then he could lose no more than what he had to lose, which was earthly.
But Adam in his best condition was but an earthly man, all his injoyments were but earthly injoyments.
Ergo all that he lost was butearthly injoyments.
The Minor I shall thus prove, 1 Cor. 15.44. There is a Natural body, and a Spiritual body, so it is written, the first man Adam was made a living Soul, the last man Adam was made a quickning spirit, verse 45. howbeit that was not first which is Spiritual, but that which is Natural, and after that which is Spiritual, vers. 46. The first man is of the earth earthy, the second man is the Lord from Heaven, vers. 47. Thus you see the first man Adam was but earthly, [Page 48]and also his injoyments as earthly as himself.
Obj. If it should be objected and said, That the Lord made Adam an immortal Soul.
Ans. To which I answer, that God breathed into Adam the breath of Life, and so hee became a living Soul; it should appear he was a dead Soul before, for many times in Scripture the Mortal part of Man is called the Soul, Joshua 10.28. it is proved in, and so oftentimes in the ninth, tenth, and eleventh Chapters of Joshua, and Adam and all his Posterity had such mortal Souls, that had not Christ risen to have brought a Resurrection, that is to say, that mortal Body out of the dust, we had been like the beasts that perished, 1 Cor. 15.18. And so much briefly to the third Argument.
Arg. 4. The Fourth Argument, To prove why Adams sin did not bring any of his Posterity to be liable unto the second Death. If the punishment due to that Original sin of Adam in Paradise be no other than what God hath declared in the Sentence, which is no other [Page 49]but upon the outward man, then none of the Sons of Adam shall be Damned for that sin of Adam in Paradise.
But that punishment due to Adam in Paradise is no other than what God hath declared in the Sentence, Gen. 3. ergo none of the Children of Adam shal suffer in Hell for that Sin; and that it was but a loss of earthly injoyments, with deformities, and corruption, I have proved it at large.
Arg. 5. To prove that Sin in Paradise did not make him, or any of his Posterity liable to eternal Death, is as followeth.
That Opinion, The affirming that Adams [...] brought the second Death, justifies the Devil to speak truth, and makes God a Lyar. which (in the extent of it) will make the Devil to speak truth, and God to lye, is an absurd and blasphemous opinion.
But the Opinion that saith, That that Sin of Adam in Paradise maketh all the Sons of Adam guilty, and liable to eternal Death, affirmeth that the Devil speaks true, and the Lord lieth:
Ergo that Opinion is absurd and blasphemous. The Major will be easily granted.
The Minor I shall prove, for God saith, Gen. 2.17. If thou eatest thou shalt surely dye, but the Devil said, Gen. 3. to the Woman, Yee shall not dye, but be like gods, &c. Now if this Death, that the Lord said they should dye, be meant punishment in Hell, (as you blindly conceive) and yet wee see that all Adams posterity, which sinned in him, or are become sinners by him, are not punished in Hell, which you say is meant by that Death, then God speaks not true, in saying they shall surely dye, when he intends they shall not.
And the Devil speaks true when hee saith they shall not dye, and wee see they do not so dye; if that Death which God saith they shall surely dye, bee meant the second Death, this is to make the Devil speak true, and God a Liar. O horrid Blasphemous Opinion! be ashamed of it.
Obj. Peradventure you will say, That God sent Christ to take away the guilt and punishment of that Original sin, which is as false and ridicnlous as the other.
O blinde guide! is this any more in [Page 51]effect than to say, That God sent his Son to make the Devils words appear to be true, and his own false? the Devil said they should not dye, God said they should.
Now that they might not indeed dye, you say, God sent his Son that they might not dye, which is no less than to make God a Lyar. And so much briefly to your blasphemous opinion.
A word or two what I say to this, and that is in these words, Thou shalt surely dye, is only meant the death of the material Body; and hence it comes to pass, that as well the righteous as unrighteous dye, none exempted, he regards not the person of any; so that it appears clearly, our God is a God of truth, that cleareth not the guilty, and that the Devil, according to the words of John; is a Lyar, and hath been so from the beginning.
Arg. 6. The last Argument is as followeth, That Opinion which crosseth plain texts of Scripture in the plain meaning of them, is false, and erronious.
But that Opinion which affirmeth, [Page 52]That all Infants as they come into the World are guilty of such a Sin as makes them liable to the second Death, namely, to be punished in Hel, and so lye under the Wrath of God, is against plain texts of Scripture, in the plain meaning of them.
Ergo such an Opinion is absurd und erronious.
Only the Minor will be questioned, the which I shall prove from Matth. 9.14. where Christ faith, Little Children are heirs to the Kingdom of Heaven, Take notice, Sir, these were not Beleevers sprinkled Children, neither were they Baptised, neither were they brought for that purpose. Thus you see your Opinion speaks against plain text of Scripture, Christ saith, They are heirs of the Kingdom of Heaven.
And as for the answer of that Objection in Psal. 51.5. I refer you to the place where I have answered it, in its time and place, in the letter.
And now I shall take notice of an absurdity that will follow, and so will leave, as to the Arguments you do affirm in this your Opinion, That all [Page 53]Infants that dye in their Infancy, none excepted, must needs be damned; for you did affirm, That David was guilty of that Sin that brought Damnation, and if David were guilty, then all Children, for David in your sense was an Elect Person, and yet if he had died in his Infancy he had been damned, according to your expression from Psalm fifty; so that upon this account all Children in their infancy stand at enmity with God; and if so, then shew mee what reconciliation there can be according to Scripture account, without the manifestation of Repentance and Faith towards God, for Christ faith, Except you beleeve, you shall dye in your sins, John 8.24. which Children cannot do, although you would blindly conclude from Matth. 18. that those little ones there were Children, which cannot bee proved; for though Christ did take a little one, yet he took not little ones, and neither are little ones capable to suffer for Christ, and so consequently not capable to be offended.
Secondly, Faith is a perswasion of the minde, flowing from the understanding, but Children having no understanding [Page 54]can have no faith, so that God saith, I speak not to your Children, which neither know nor understand; and so much for the absurdity which necessarily will follow, That all Infants must be damned, if that which you say be true, and so I shall leave as to that particular.
Characters of the false Ministery.
THe next thing that I shall enter upon, is to shew the Characters of the false and corrupted Ministery, whereby they that run may read, and know them by their fruits.
First, 1 Character. you shall know them by their teaching for Doctrines the Commandements of men; the Lord in old time did complain against such Persons, as you may see, Jer. 5.30, 31. in these words, A wonderful and horrible thing is committed in the Land, the Prophets Prophesy falsly, and the Priests bear rule by their means, and the people love to have it so, and what shall be done in the end thereof? Thus you may see the Prophets of old did prophesie the vision of their own Brain, [Page 56]and the Priests of Old, they must bear rule by their means, that is to say, their false Divinations must go for truth, and it being pleasing to the flesh the people loved to have it so. So it is with the false corrupted Ministery in our days, the Prophets of old, or more properly antient Fathers, as they so call them, they in their several Councils have determined certain Articles of their own invention, imposing them on mens Consciences as infallible truths (when God never spake any such thing in his Word) the Priests they bear rule by their means, and conclude, they must needs be truths, it being the judgement of their reverend Fathers, as Luther, and Calvin, and St. Austin, and the like, and it being grown in custom amongst the people, they love to have it so; like as the people of old, who lusted after the Flesh-pots of Aegypt. I shall only particularize a few of their Traditions, and so pass the first Character.
The first is, Infants Baptism, which never had a footing in Gods Word, nor their Custom, which is of late by sprinkling.
Another Tradition of Man is, their separating from their antient Churches, (as they so call it) and make a kinde of new Garment with old Cloth; my meaning is this, that many of the best sort of Priests (as they so think themselves, although I look upon them to be the very worst) separate from their antient Church, for all they own their Fundamentals to be true both in Faith and Practice; will not the old Episcopals rise up in Judgement and condemn you, O yee wise Presbyters! that have learned to separate from a Church true in Fundamentals (as you say) when Shee fails in no hing but Circumstance? is this not getting out of one shape into another, and yet still hold correspondency with the Customs of the Limes? would you not fain shape your selves into the likeness of the Gospel Ministery, if you could? No marvel, for Sathan also would transform himself into an Angel of Light; and thus by your Traditions, you make voyd the Commandement of Christ, which did not command the Minister of the Church of Pergamus to separate from the aforesaid Church, although [Page 58]some of them held the Doctrin of Balaam, and also of the Nicolaitans; but that which he was to do, was to repent, and help reform. Time would bee too short for me to speak of your old Traditions, even the Customs of the Church of England, and your crossings in Baptisms, and such foolish tricks, which you your self are almost ashamed of, although it be part of your Trade, by which you have had your living; or your Traditions, whereby you have deceived Souls for many Generations.
The second Character by the which 2 Char. you may know a false Minister is, They are such as are Men-pleasers, they will speak as great men will have them speak, that thereby they may keep in favour with them howsoever; this you may see by Ahabs false Prophets, in that of 2 Chron. 18.10. and thereby will be a means to imprison the true, if it be possible, as you may see Vers. 23, 24, 25. Chap. 24.20, 21. Also see it pertinent in Jerem. 27.14, 15, 16. So are also our corrupted Ministers in the time of the Gospel; the Priest-hood there were the cause of [Page 59]Christs being taken, and the Ministers of the Gospel to suffer; and so it is in our days, the Priest-hood get in favour with the great men of the times, and by their means the Ministers of the Gospel, and the rest of their poor afflicted Brethren, suffer, both in Person and Estate, as by that Human Tradition of theirs, as namely Tithes, or forced Maintenance, which never was appointed by God for the maintenance of a Gospel-Minister.
The third Character whereby you 3 Char. may know the false corrupt Ministers. Christ tells you in Matth. 7. They come in sheeps cloathing, but inwardly they are ravening Wolves (that is to say) they make the people beleeve that they are the Ministers of Christ, and have great care of the Flock, but inwardly they are ravening Wolves; that is, in their hearts they intend to make a prey of the flock; so that their greatest care is for to get the fleece, although they pretend great care of the flock; and they may be very well likened to the false Prophets of Old, that the Lord complains against, Jer. 13.4. O Israel, thy Prophets are like the [Page 60]Foxes in the Desart, yee have not gone up in the gaps, neither made up the hedges; for the House of Israel, they did not care to come where there was any work for them to do, but every one looked for gain in his quarter; wherefore the Lord cals those Priests of old greedy Doggs, that will never have enough. Even so it is with the Priesthood in our days, they stand not up in the gap to defend their cause, neither to safe-guard their people (from the Wolves, as they call them) Peradventure you hear them often rail in their Pulpits, but if they meet any of them that they call Wolves (although many of their flock be there present) they will not stand in the gap to defend that which they call truth; this makes it appear they are but Hirelings, and care not for the flock, but look after the fleece; so that let their flock be where they will, or do what they wil, if they meet with them at Shering time, it is as much as they care for.
The Fourth Character is, 4 Char. You may know a false Prophet by the ignorance of their people, they are such as lead silly women captive, who are ever [Page 61]learning, and never able to come to the knowledge of the truth. This wee may see by the poor National people, that go to Church (as they so call it) some forty, fifty years and upwards, and when all is done, they can scarce render an account of the hope that is in them, they know not, as to say, their right hand from their left in the things of God.
Obj. If it be Objected and said, That it cannot be meant the Priests of the Nation, because they that are reproved there, are of that sort that creep into Houses, which lead silly women captive, which the Priests of the Nation think they are not, and so lye not under that reproach.
Ans. To which I answer, That the Scripture doth not reprove such as preach in Houses, but such as creep into Houses; but I shall a little shew you what creeping Creatures are, and that I finde are Froggs. Hence it came to pass that the Froggs of Aegypt did not abide in Pharaohs Court only, but also they crope into his Kneadingtrougles; and I finde in the sixteenth of the Revelations, that those unclean [Page 62]spirits like Froggs went creeping unto the Kings of the earth, to gather them together to Battel, which hath been the trade of the Priest-hood all along, to beget warre in the Nation, to use the privatest and subtilest way to bring about their enterprise, which may be called ereeping; and further, though they come not much amongst the poor of the flock in their Cottages, yet in the Houses of the rich they will creep often enough.
The second thing in order to the answering of the Objection is this, That Paul condemned not preaching in Houses, for then he had condemned his own practice, for he preached from House to House often, and often in his own hired house, as Acts 28.30, 31. And further he tells them, in Chap. 20. ver. 20. I have kept nothing back, but have shewed you, and taught you publickly, and from house to house. And Chap. eight, and the last, And in every house they ceased not to preach Jesus Christ. So that they are not counted Leaders of silly women, that preach from house to house, or in their hired house, but they are Leaders of sillly Women, [Page 63]that creep into Houses, as I have afore shewed you. This might also serve to reprove another sort of false Prophets, but I pass, and hasten to the Fifth Character.
The Fifth Character to discover the 5 Char. false corrupted Ministery, is this, You shall know them by their Pride and Covetousness, the Apostle saith, In the last days there shall be those who will be self-lovers, and not only so, but proud and covetous withall, having a form of godliness without any power. And so are the Priesthood in our time, proud, in that they love the chiefest Seats at the Feast, and greetings in the Market, and to be called of men, Rabbi, Rabbi; and their Covetousness appears in this, In that they reap where they never sow, covet the goods of such as are no whit partakers of their Ministery, and yet notwithstanding they will have a form of godliness, and make their people beleeve they leane upon the Lord, and that God is amongst them in their worship, like unto the corrupted Priests of old, Mich. 3.11. The Priests teach for hire, and the Prophets Divine for Mony, yet will they lean upon the Lord, and say, [Page 64]Is not the Lord amongst us? no evil shal come unto us. And so much for the Fifth Character.
6 Char. The Sixth is You shall known them by their implacable hatred against the Ministers of the Gospel, and the simplicity of the Gospel, they are always crying out to the Magistrate, a Sword, a Sword, that so they may bee found guilty of the bloud of the Saints, and Prophets, they being of the Babylonish crew; This was the disposition of the false Prophets, and corrupted Ministery of old, as Lament. 4.3. they are such as cause the bloud of the Just to bee shed in the midst of the street; and so is it with the Priesthood of our times, which nothing will serve their turns, had they the power in their hands, but the Lives or Liberties of the people of God; witness their railing at them in their Pulpits, and backbiting them in private, on purpose to set the people at enmity with them, crying, away with them, like unto the malignity of the spirits of their Fathers of old, fearing, that if such continue, their trade and great goods will come to nought.
7 Char. The Seventh Character by which the false corrupted Ministery may be known, is, They are such as take up the Ministery for filthy lucre sake (that is to say) when they come to a people, if they will not give them so much by the year, they will not be their Minister, they leave small Livings to go to greater, and so their great and weighty Call lieth in the heavie Purse; you shall seldome (or never) hear them say, Woe be to me if I preach not the Gospel; (although I am in hunger and nakedness) but woe unto you people, if you pay me not my Tithes, I will get a Summons against you, and so lye under that reproof that saith, He that putteth not into their mouth, they prepare warre against, so that they feed themselves with the fat, and cloath themselves with the wool, and kill them that are fed, Ezek. 34.2, 3. &c. And so much for the Seventh Character.
The Eighth Character, 8 Char. whereby you may know the false corrupted Ministers, is, They are such as receive their Ministery by way of Trade, and not by way of Gift; they buy it, on purpose to [Page 66]sell it again; if Simon Magus were in the gall of bitterness, who thought to purchase the gifts of the Holy Spirit for Mony (and yet we cannot finde that he had an intention to sell it again) then how lye such under the gall of bitterness, who would fain buy it, on purpose to sell it again? so that as the Ministers of Christ receive their Gift by vertue of his ascending up on high, Ephes. 4.8. they being under his teaching and guiding; so the false Ministers receive their Instructions and Teachings from Cambridge and Oxford by vertue of sums of Mony, and so as I have afore said, they have not the Ministery by vertue of Gifts from God, but by vertue of such Human helps. And so much for the Eighth Character.
9 Char. The Ninth Character whereby you may know the false corrupted Ministers, is, They are such as their covetous practice, and ill-gotten goods (many times) indureth not to the second Generation; for the Lord hath said, hee will plead both with Fathers and Children; so that many times misery falls upon the outward man, both to Fathers and Children, for such things; you [Page 67]may see what the Lord denounced against the corrupt Priests and Prophets of old, in Jer. 2.8, 9. The Priests said not where is the Lord, and they that handled the Law knew me not; the Pastors also have transgressed against me, and the Prophets prophesyed by Baal, and walked after things that did not profit; wherefore I will yet plead with you saith the Lord, and with your Childrens Children will I plead. So it is with the Priests in our times, they ask not whether the Lord be in the place, but whether there be a good Benefice, and yet notwithstanding we see often times that the Lord hath so pleaded with them and their Children, that they have been exposed to great want. And so much to the Ninth.
The Tenth and last Character, 10 Char. whereby you may know the false corrupted Ministers, is, They will pretend much love to Christ and his Apostles, as though they owned their persons and ways; but the Children of God, (such as walk in Christs ways, which he hath left both by precept and example) they hate, revile, and persecute, as [Page 68]much as in them lieth; so it was with the corrupt Pharisaical Priests and Scribes of old, as Mat. 23.29, 30. Woe unto you Scribes and Pharisees, Hypocrites, because you build the tombs of the Prophets, and garnish the Sepulchres of the righteous, and say, If we had been in the days of our Fathers, we would not have been partakers with them in their bloud, wherefore yee are witnesse to your selves, that yee are the Children of them that killed the Prophets, vers. 31. Here you may take notice, that though the Pharisaicall Priests and Scribes of old did pretend great love to the Prophets, and righteous men that were before them, condemning their Fathers for persecuting of them, yet you may see they were the men that owned a Murder against Christ, and also persecuted his Disciples. It was the Priests that gave Judas the thirty peeces of Silver to betray his Master, Matth. 26.3. compared with 14, 15. Also they were the men that gave large Mony to the Souldiers, to say, His Disciples stole him away while we slept. So the Priests of out time, they make as if they were [Page 69]friends to Christ and his Diseiples, and yet they are the greatest Agitators of the reproach and sufferings that is brought upon such as walk in that way which Christ and his Apostles have left by precept and example. And so much for the Tenth and last Character.
Now having briefly shewed you the Characters of the False Ministers, I shall come now to shew you the Characters of the True, the which hath so great a difference from the False, that they that run may discern it; and so briefly to the first.
The first Character of the true Ministers is as followeth. They are not only sent by Jesus Christ to preach, but also Gifted by him, whereby they are inabled to preach at all times instant, in season, and out of season; they do not want a great Library of Books, neither do they want a weeks time to preach a Sermon, neither do they preach other mens Works, and so receive not their Ministery of man, or from man, as the Apostle Paul saith, Gal. 1.1. but receive it as a free Gift, as you may see, Ephes. 3.8. And so much in brief to the first.
2. The Second Character whereby they are known, is, As they are Gifted by him, so they preach his words only, going forth with the words of his Commission, preaching Repentance and Faith, and having thereby made Disciples they Baptize them, according to the command of Christ, Mat. 28.19. Go teach all Nations, and Baptize them; shewing clearly, that persons must be taught before they are Baptized; it is also pertinent, Mark 16.15, 16. compared with Acts 2.37, 38, 39. Chap. 8.12. vers. 37 with many other Scriptures, which will not only prove it to be a precept of Christ, but also the practise of the Ministers of Christ in the Primitive times; and so in our time; so they Constitute Churches (if it may be so called) not by Generation, but by Regeneration, my meaning is this, That they do not make Church-Members by succession (as Beleevers Seed) but by faith, and profession, which doth intitle Persons to be Abrahams Seed, and Heirs according to promise. And so much briefly to the second Character.
3. The Third Character whereby they [Page 71]are known, is, As they go forth with his words and Commission, so they are contented with what Wages hee gives them; they take not up the Ministery for filthy Lucres sake, but are willing to suffer hunger and cold, and many such like things, if they are called, thereunto; they do not ask the People to whom they preach, what they will give them, but are willing to labour with their hands to supply their wants; this you may see was the carriage of the Apostle Paul, who was a Minister of Christ, and a pattern of good works to the Ministers that should succeed him, as you may see, Acts 20.33. I have coveted no mans Silver, or Gold, or Apparrel, yee your selves know, that these hands of mine have communicated unto my wants, and to them that are with me; so it is with the true Gospel Ministers in our time, they are willing to lay themselves out to preach the Gospel frequently in several places, and yet notwithstanding, are as willing to let their hands communicate to their wants, and to their Family, to the end they may make the Gospel of Christ without [Page 72]charge, and also not to lay a stumbling-blocke in the way, to cause them that are weak to fall; and in a word, they seek not the Fleece, but the Flock, as the Apostle Paul saith, not yours but you. And so much to the third Character.
4. The Fourth Character whereby you may know the true Ministers of the Gospel, is, They are men of the lowest rank, and of the weakest capacity, or prudency in Natural things, whereby the Children of this World are wiser in their Generation than they; therefore if you will know the true Ministers of the Gospel, or finde them our, you must not go amongst the wise Rabbies of the times, but you must look amongst the weak, despised, rejected people, for in their weakness Christ hath promised to manifest his strength, and hath also said, He will destroy the wisdom of the wise, and destroy the wisdom of the prudent; you shall see these Scriptures in the room of many, first by Prophesie, secondly fulfilled, Psal. 82. in these words, Out of the mouthes of babes and sucklings thou hast ordained strength, Isa. 28.7. [Page 73]Mat. 11.25. there Christ gives thanks, that God had begun to make good his Promises, saying, I thank thee O Lord, Father of Heaven and Earth, that thou hast hid these things from the wise and prudent, and hast revealed them unto babes; therefore the Apostle saith in 1 Corinth. 1.20. Where is the wise? where is the Scribe? where is the disputer of this World? Compared with Verse 26. which saith, For you know, your calling Brethren, that not many wise men after the flesh, nor many mighty, nor many noble are called, but God hath chosen the foolish things of the World to confound the wise, that no flesh should glory in his presence, vers. 29. &c. according as it is written, that he that glorieth may glory in the Lord. As if he should have said, That forasmuch as Persons are ready to set up the Creature, and look so little at the Creator, I will now give Strength, and Wisdom, and Gifts to men of the least account, (as in reference to Human Part) that Persons may not attribute praise to the Creature, as to his Wisdom, or Learning, or such like things, [Page 74]but may attribute praise only to me the Creator, for the less fleshly parts, or Human Wisdom is seen in the Creature, the more the gifts of Gods Spirit is magnified. And so much of the Fourth Character.
The Fifth Character, 5. You shall know them by their being rejected of the Wise and Learned men of the Times, whereby they bee often in Tumults; nay you shall know them by their rejoycing in those things which others count shame, as you shall find by the carriage of the true Ministers of old, Acts 5.40, 41. When they had called the Apostles, and beaten them, they commanded them that they should preach no more in the Name of Jesus, and they departed from the presence of the Council, rejoycing, that they were counted worthy to suffer shame for his name, also in 2 Cor. 6.4. You may see there how persons prove themselves to be Ministers of Christ, in these words, But in all things approving our selves the Ministers of God, in much patience and afflictions, necessity and distress, in stripes, in imprisonments, in tumults, in labours. [Page 75]So the Apostle, though he were in favour with the chief Priest when hee went to Damascus, yet no sooner did he turn to be a Preacher of Christ in simplicity, and forsook the old Jewish form, but he was fain to escape out of their hands in a Basket out of a Window, being afterwards taken, was smote by the High Priest (who once owned him) So it is with the Ministers of our time, no sooner do they forsake the Ceremonies of the Nation, but presently they become a prey (especially of the Priesthood of the Nation) so that he that runneth may read the true Minister from the false. And so much to the Fifth Character.
The Sixth Character, 6. is, They are always counted Broachers of new Doctrine, Hereticks, and turners of the World upside down, their Doctrin called Heresie, and they Ring-leaders of the Sectaries; so it was in the Primitive age, and so it is now; that it is so now the continual out-cries of the Priesthood of the Nation against the Ministers of Christ doubtless sounds forth, or otherwise I shall willingly be corrected by the Christian Reader; and [Page 76]that it was so in the Primitive time, I shall prove clearly, as from two or three instances of Scripture, in the room of many more, Acts 24.5. which saith, We have found this man a pestilent fellow, a mover of seditions amongst all the Jews throughout the World, and a Ring-leader of the Sects of the Nazarens, this was spoken by Paul, Acts 17.6. the last clause, in these words, Those that have turned the world upside down are come hither also, Acts 28.22. Concerning this Sect we know, That it is every where spoken against, Chapter 22.22. Then they lift up their voices and said, Away with such a fellow, it is not fit that he should live, chap. 25.24. And Festus said, King Agrippa, and all men that are here present with us, yee see this man about whom all the multitude of the Jews have dealt with me about at Jerusalem, and also here, crying, that hee ought not to live any longer.
So that you may see plainly, that as the Ministers of the Gospel then were looked upon as pestilent Fellows, and the Ring-leaders of the Sectaries in that [Page 77]time, by the wise learned Jews; so are the Ministers of the Gospel looked upon in our days, by the blinde formal people of this Nation. And so much to the Sixth Character.
The Seventh Character of the true Ministers, 7. is, they are not ashamed of the meanest ways or Ordinances of Christ, though they are contemptible to the Wise men of our times, Rom. 1.16. 2 Tim. 2.11. the Gospel Ministers do not pick out those for such Doctrines as please the fancies of men, as the Apostle saith, If I yet please men I am not the Servant of Christ. They preach the Gospel in the plain mean way of it, for the which they suffer reproach, nevertheless they are not ashamed, for they know whom they have beleeved, even their Lord and Master who went before them, leaving them an example, Who turned not away his face from shame and spitting, Isa. 50 4, 5, 6. Heb. 12.2, 3. Phil. 2.6. 2 Cor. 8.9. So that you may know the Ministers of the Truth by their boldness for the Truth, being not ashamed to preach Christ in his low despised ways, at all places, where the [Page 78]Lord sets a door open unto them. And so much for the Seventh Character.
8. The Eighth Character whereby you may know a true Minister, is, They never call for a Magistrate, or Temporal Lord, to incounter with their Enemies, (or more properly Christs Enemies) Christ hath prohibited them, teaching them another Lesson, That he that taketh the Sword shall perish by the Sword; so that the Weapons of their Warfare are not Carnal, but Spiritual; so that when they meet with Truths Enemies they take the sword of the Spirit, which is the Word of God, and that is the Weapon by the which they put the enemies to the worst, and by that Sword at the last Christs enemies shall be destroyed, Revel. 2.16. Chap. 19.15. and this is the Magistrates Sword, or Champion that the Ministers of the Gospel (in case of opposition) fly to. And so much for the Eighth Character.
9. The Ninth Character whereby you may know a true Minister, is, They are not Lords over Gods heritage, that is to say, they will not Lord it over their fellow Brethren, neither do they desire [Page 79]the preheminence over the inferiorest Member in the Church; they are indeed the Churches Servants, and not their Lords, they can bee content to suffer want, when happily the Church, or some of them, are fed to the full; they can be contented to bee abased when the Church doth abound, they make not a prey of their Flocks, they labour not to be rich; nay they can cease from their own wisdom, they can willingly be counted fools for Christs sake, they seek not the goods of the Church, but their good; not yours but you, as the Apostle saith, 2 Cor. 12.14. Much more might be said as concerning the Self-denial of the true Ministers of the Gospel, but I shall pass to the Tenth and last Character.
The Tenth Character of a true Minister is as followeth; 10. They may bee known by the hardship that will follow them, by reviling, by scoffing, by buffetings, by tumults, they shall be a byword in the mouth both of men, women, and children; for Signs and Wonders in the Nation where they live, as it hath been prophesied of them, Isa. 8.18. I and the Children that thou [Page 80] hast given me, are for Signs and Wonders. The Phrases of Carnalmen are as followeth; What, such a Fellow a Minister? a Cobler, Tailor, or Tincker, and such like Mechanicks, are they fit for Ministers? Where had such Fellows their Learning? Are they not blind leaders of the blind, say the wise Carnalists of our time? and by such like terms they set the World in an uproar against them; Was it not so with Christ, and the true Ministers in the Primitive time? Did not the wise Jews, and Scribes, and Pharisaical Priests deride Christ, and call him the Carpenter, and Carpenters Son, and wondered from whence he had his Doctrins? Did not the Wise learned men of the Jews call his Disciples ignorant and unlearned men, which knew not the Law, and were accursed, and yet notwithstanding Christ did chuse Mechanicks, as Fisher-men, and the like, and did reject the wise and learned, and yet that was a hard thing to be received in those days, and so it is in ours; and you may see that Christ was a poor Christ in Carnal mens account; His face was more marred than the [Page 81] Sons of men, he had no form nor comlinesse, when any lookt upon him, that they should desire him, Isa. 53.1, 2, 3, 4. so are his Ordinances and his ways mean, that if men look upon them with a Natural eye, there is no form or comliness; and so it is with the Ministers of the Gospel, as I have shewed you; hee calleth not the rich but the poor, not the wise but babes, not the learned but the ignorant, that hee may make such to know Doctrin; that the wise men may stumble, and fall, and bee taken, but as it is written, He that glorieth let him glory in the Lord; and so much briefly to discover the false Ministery, and the true; so that hee that will view this with an impartial eye, or single heart, may clearly discern who are the true Ministers, and who are the false, to that end they may not be misled, but may be followers of the Lamb wheresoever he goeth, that thereby they may have him to be their refuge when all falshood shall be discovered, and the refuge of lies swept away.