A Tract or Directory touching the Pra­ctick of an Attornies profession in the Court of the great Sessions in Wales.

IN the first place it concerns an At­torney partly as well as the Lawyer to understand (at least) the nature, if not the whole cause and ground of his Clients Action or Suit, before he undertakes to follow it, without which he will not be able to do his Client any great benefit, more then suing out of Process, and going from Office to Of­fice, which every ordinary fellow that can but write and read is able to do as well as he.

Then to ease his Councel, Common Actions at the Sessions. and not to trouble him to do every ordinary plain thing, he is to draw his Titling for to have out his original Writ, or Que­ritur, as the case requires, and the most common and ordinary Actions in the Sessions are.

Actions of Debt, of Trespass, of Trespass on the Case, Trespass and Ejectment, Writs of Dower, & Quod ei deforceats.

These Titlings are usual things. To instance in one of Debt; which is the commonest, The Defendant must be named in the first place according to the truth of his name, dwelling place, and addition, and in the second place, or alias dictus, if by specialty, accor­ding to the words of the Obligation, verbatim & literatim; for if the words of the Writ and the words of the Obligati­on do not agree, the Defendant may plead variance between the words of the Writ, and the words of the Obligati­on, and so abate the Writ, which must be after appearance, and before Decla­ration [Page 9]be put in; but if there be no Ob­ligation for the debt, then there needs no Alias dictus in the Writ, and in that and other Actions there be presidents for the Titlings, which therefore need not be insisted on here.

In every Writ where the Sheriff is commanded only to summon the Defen­dant to appear, the retorn therein must be pledges and summons to answer the Writ, and if the Defendant neither ap­pears nor essoigns on the original Writ in debt, and if he essoigns and warrants not his Essoign within the next day after he casts the Essoign, an Iterum Summo­neas is to issue out, upon which Writ, in default of appearance or Essoign, there is Judgement granted by default, which is commonly called Judicium si, &c. (but not entred so upon the Roll) which is a conditional Judgement, for (before the Judgement be entred) the Plaintiff is to swear his debt, and thereupon to recover onely what he swears to be due, with ordinary interest and costs: And if the Iterum Summoneas be essoigned (which may be when the first is not) it is but a dayes delay, and then if no appearance be, Judgement [Page 10]is to be had, as formerly is said.

But if you sue upon a Bond for per­formance of Covenants, Articles, A­wards, or any other collateral matter, being not absolutely for payment of money, the Plaintiff is also therein to recover by default for want of appear­ance, and yet not swear his debt or da­mage; but (upon motion and shewing the special matter) he shall have Judge­ment entred absolutely (after calling the Iterum Summoneas) for the whole penalty of the Bond, without any Oath as aforesaid.

If the debt be due within fifteen dayes of the Sessions, or the case other­wise lyes (as several wayes it may) so that the Action cannot be begun by an Original, then there must be a Que­ritur or a Bill had from the Prothono­taries Office, upon which you must have a second and a third Bill, and them cal­led, the first one day, the second the next day, and the third the third day, before you can recover by default, and then Judgement is to be had (in the same manner as if it had been begun by Original) in default of appearance. And on these last mentioned Writs the [Page 11]Sheriff is to retorn only Summons, as well upon the Queritur as upon the se­cond and third Bill, for the Plaintiffs Pledges are alwayes inserted of Course within the Queritur or first Bill, and there is no prejudice or any great mat­ter or difference whether the Plaintiff sue by Original or Queritur, but that he cannot proceed to Outlary against the Defendant upon the Queritur.

After you have gotten an appearance upon any Writ or Bill, then the Plain­tiff must declare, and call or move for a Rule for the Defendant to answer, the first Rule is general, and the second in all those personal Actions is perempto­ry, and if the Defendant pleads not be­fore the peremptory Rule be out, then the Plaintiff is to recover upon a Nihil dicit.

The common and most usual pleading to an Action of Debt upon a Bond for payment of money in this part of Wales, is non est factum, and to an Action of Debt without specialty, is nihil debet per patriam, &c. whereunto the Plaintiff replyes to joyn up the Issue, but for a Debt without specialty the Defen­dant may wage his Law, and say Nil [Page 12]debet per Legent, in which case the Court will assign the Defendant a day to come to wage his Law, which com­monly is the first sitting of the next Ses­sions following, and cannot be delayed further, where the Defendant must swear he owes the Plaintiff nothing, and produce twelve men to swear that they believe it, which is called Duodenâ manu, but the Court accepts of three or four with the Defendant, as I have seen it, but if the Defendant comes not to wage his Law, the Plaintiff is to recover.

There be indeed several other Pleas to be pleaded to Actions of Debt due by Bond, as per Minas, per Dures, Impri­sonment, Release, Nonage, &c. which may be seen in the Books of Entrees.

If the Bond be with Condition the Defendant may demand Oyer of it, which must be done between the first and second Rule, and then Conditions per­formed may be pleaded, which are usu­ally and fittest to be done by Councel, and Oyer may be demanded of all other Bonds and Writings pleaded, if the Defendant plead in manner as aforeaid.

In all or most Actions of Debt with­out [Page 13]out Bond, or Specialty upon simpl Contracts, there is (at the great Ses­sions in Wales) a far shorter and less intricate way to declare, and so ground an Action, then in the Courts above at Westminster, by the anci­ent Custome of North-Wales, had and deduced from those three Northern Counties that were Shire-grounds time beyond all memory, and are (indeed) rightly and properly the very North-Wales, which way is by a meer and plain Concessit solvere, and no matter ex­pressed besides the time and place of the Contract, and the day of payment, whereunto the Defendant most com­monly pleads the aforementioned gene­ral Issue of Nil debet per patriam, and at the trial the whole matter and conside­ration will be given in Evidence, so that thereby the Plaintiff saves what of­ten falls out, by declaring specially in an Action upon the Case for every Debt upon small Contracts, wherein the Plaintiff will be more closely held to prove all Circumstances mentioned in the Declaration, for all Actions up­on the Case are strict, and therefore more subject to miscarry, and by seve­ral [Page 14]wayes overthrown then those gene­ral wayes of Concessit solvere, which are constantly used and approved by the priviledge of the Custome aforesaid, which are often very beneficial to the Plaintiff in many things, for the De­fendant hardly (till the Trial) (knows if many Bargains passed between him and the Plaintiff) upon which of them the Plaintiff will produce his proof, and if the Plaintiff can make proof but of part of the Debt declared, he shall recover so much, for the Defendants Plea (upon which the Issue is joyned) sayes he doth not owe that Debt or any part thereof, and so it is beneficial in many things else, but not in Actions upon the Case for Debt, where the proof must be punctual with the Decla­ration.

In all Actions of Trespass, Trespass upon the Case, Trespass and Eject­ment, the words of the Writ or Queri­tur to the Sheriff are, Quod ponet per va­dios & salvos plegios, and on every Writ where these words are, the Sheriff is to retorn Issues, which must be more or less, as the nature, greatness, or con­dition of the Cause requires, which if [Page 15]he doth not, the Court upon motion will command to heighten or encrease the Issues, thereby to compell the De­fendant to appear, and to expedite the Plaintiffs Cause to Trial, because it is well known, that in all these Actions the Plaintiff cannot recover by default for want of appearance, but after ap­pearance if the Defendant pleads not, the plaintiff may have a Writ to enquire of Damages, as hereafter appeareth: If the Defendant appears not, the Plain­tiff must sue forth a Distringas, an alias, a pluries, and a plus pluries Distringas, and so in infinitum till appearance be had, and upon every Distringas the Sheriff is to encrease the Issues, or rather at least to double them; but if the retorning of Issues will not compell the Defendant to appear, then the Sheriff may be com­pelled to retorn a Nihil habet in Balliva mea per quod distringi possit, &c. and up­on that Retorn a Capias may be had to apprehend and attach the body of the Defendant to answer, &c. And if thereupon the Sheriff retorns a Cepi Cor­pus, &c. the Defendant being brought to the Bar, shall upon motion be or­dered to remain in the Sheriffs Custody, [Page 16]till he find Bayl or Pledges to answer such Recovery as shall be had against him, for it is an observed Rule, he who comes in or appears upon Bayl, must go out or be discharged upon Bayl.

If the Defendant after appearance plead not, then the Plaintiff is to move in all the last mentioned Actions for a Writ to enquire of Damages, and then the awarding of it must be entred, which in some respects is in nature of a Judgement; and upon the return of it, and of the Juries Inquisition, Judgement for the Dammages and Costs is to be entred, but not used without a special motion to have it granted; for the Defendant may object many things against the Inquisition, and thereby prevent the filing of it, and so per­haps put the Plaintiff to take out a new Writ.

In Writs of Dower & quod ei defor­ceat, the second Writs are Summons, and the third is a grand Cape, upon which if the Defendant appears not, the Demandant is to recover by default, and to have a Writ of Seizin of the Lands; but the Tenant may appear [Page 17]upon the grand Cape, and save or ex­cuse his default, which is very seldom, and not so easily done, if the Deman­dants Councel will urge all that is just and requisite by Law for his Client to demand and require, before the Tenant be admitted to appear.

If after Appearance, and Declara­tion put in, and three Rules past, the Tenant pleads not, a petty Cape is to be awarded against him and thereupon Judgement shall be entred of course and execution awarded.

When the Plaintiff or Demandant after Declaration put in do not pro­ceed, the Defendant or Tenant may call him to proceed; and if he makes default, a non-suit will be entred; and the Defendant, or Tenant, shall then have Costs in all Actions, wherein the Plaintiff, or Demandant, ought to have had them, if he had recovered.

In a Writ of Dower, where the Hus­band died not seized, there is no Costs for Demandant, or Tenant; but where the Husband died seized, the Deman­dant recovers as well Dower, as Costs and Damages, which the Jury always finds, viz. the value of the Profits of the [Page 18]third part of the late Husbands Lands since his death, as the Jury shall have Evidence to find the worth or value; but where the Recovery happens to be by Default and so without Jury, then there is a Writ to be directed to the Sheriff, as well to assign Dower to the Demandant, as to enquire by a Jury whether the Husband died seized or not, and if he did, to enquire of the value of the Lands, and upon retorn of that Writ, (if the dying seized be found) the Demandant shall have a Writ of ex­ecution for the third part of the Profits according to the Verdict, and for her Costs of course. The common and or­dinary Writ of Dower sayes in the close thereof, Ʋnde nihil habet, but in a Writ of right of Dower, as where one received part of her Dower, and sues for the rest in the same Township, these words of Ʋnde nihil habet must be left out, which difference is to be usually read and seen in several Books, which an Attorney should necessarily learn, that he may know which Writ to take out when his Clyent tells his Case to him, lest his Councel may undervalue him for his ignorance in common and ordinary things.

Upon every Writ of Quod ei defor­ceat, the Demandant after appearance may declare either in the nature of a Writ of Entry sur disseizin, or in the na­ture of a Writ of Right, or in the na­ture of a Formedon, which are of divers sorts. If the Demandant recover in a Writ of Entry, he recovers also Costs and Damages, and so shall the Tenant, if the matter pass with him, but in the two other last mentioned Writs there are no Costs to be had on either side, and on the Writ of Entry there lyes no view, but in the rest it doth, as here­after shall be more fully declared.

A Writ of Right is a concluding Action, because it is of the highest na­ture, and in it and in a Formedon the Tenant may vouch, and then a Writ of Summons goes to the Sheriff to summon the Vouchee, whereon if he retorns Nihil habet, &c. there goes out an alias and a pluries, and then a Sequatur sub sue periculo: And in some Cases in these, Quod ei deforceats, and in other Actions, where the Actions cannot be well laid or commenced, but in the name of seve­ral persons, whereof some of them will have no mind to bring or prosecute the [Page 20]same, it will be requisite to take out Writs of Summons ad sequendum simul cum, and Summons and Severance, which Councel must direct, and in all Cases of that high nature there is indeed nothing to be done without his directi­ons, which the Attorney will be the bet­ter able to observe and prosecute, if he understands them as in some measure he should. And in some cases the De­mandant may vouch and become De­fendant, when he shall defend his Estate against such Recovery as shall be plead­ed against him, so that there are divers other thing; wherein there is a great deal of learning in those Formedons and Vouchers, worth any mans knowledge towards the Law, and though fit and requisite for an Attorney to know, as much as is in relation to his practice, yet I durst not presume to proceed to enlarge thereon, lest I should be justly rebuked.

In some Cases there will be no Plea put in, or Issue joyned the first Sessi­ons, but the Defendant upon some oc­casions must move for an Imparlance, which is called Licentia interloquendi, (for brevity Li. Lo.) being a grant­ing [Page 21]of time to imparle between that and the next Sessions, or to plead by the first day of the next Sessions, or some day in the Vacation, as the Court shall think fit to appoint, or both parties agree to be entred tunc pro nunc, for there is a general and special Impar­lance, and sometimes the Plaintiff will have cause to imparle as well as the De­fendant, when after the Defendant hath answered or pleaded, he is not ready to reply, for in all or most Acti­ons begun at a Sessions, there must be Recovery by Default, or after appear­ance and Declaration either an Issue, Imparlance, or a Nihil dicit, if the Plain­tiff do, as he may, call for proceed­ings without both parties, will be at a stay by consent, wherein commonly a Nihil inde is for that time entred on the Writ or Declaration, in which Cause the Plaintiff (if he please) may pro­ceed the next Sessions after, as former­ly he might.

And in such Actions, wherein Issue the first Sessions is not joyned, if the Plaintiff will proceed the next Sessions, he must then look the Docket, to know how the matter stood the Sessions be­fore, [Page 22]and continue the same unto the Book of Imparlance, according to the words of the Docket, which may also be done the second Sessions, but paying the Prothonotory for the continu­ance.

If Causes have slept after appearance, and before Declaration be put in, and the Plaintiff will not appear to proceed, the Defendant if he desires to go on, must move the Court to appoint the Plaintiff a time to declare or reply, &c. as the Case requires, and in de­fault thereof, that a non-Suit may be entred, which the Court of course will grant, and the same Rule being entred and not performed, then the non-Suit will be entred; and if it be after the Plaintiff hath declared, the Defendant will have his Costs, and an Execution for it, if it be not in such Actions wherein Costs do not lye, for seldome or never any Costs is had by the Defen­dant, if the Plaintiff become non-Suit before he declares, for I knew never any had or granted

I should towards the end of the fore­going leaf, where I mentioned view, lay not in a Writ of Entry Sur Dis­seizin [Page 23]declared, that it did lie in the o­ther Writs, as of Dower, Writ of Right and Formedon, wherein after Declara­tion is put in, and a Rule given to the Tenant to Answer, the Tenant may demand view of the Lands, which must be done in Court, or Office, before the Rule be quite out; which view so demanded is granted, which excuseth the Tenant of making any Answer till the Demandant sues out the Writ of View, whereunto as well the Tenant must appear, as the Demandant declare de novo, by a Similis Narratio; and the Tenant must be careful to observe his time to demand the view; for it is not grantable after a general imparlance, and if the Tenant slips the time, he shall not come to it again: and he must be more careful to appear, or essoin, for an essoin will lie at the calling of the Writ of View; else the Demandant will then recover seizin of the Lands, and have a Writ of seizin; and if the Defendant essoins, he will gain a day longer to appear, and then must ap­pear; whereupon the Demandant de­clares by Similis Narratio (mutat. mutan­dis) as is aforesaid.

There are at the great Sessions some­times other Actions, as of Replevin, Detinue, Accompt, Rationabili parte bo­norum, Partition, Waste, Actions upon Penal Statutes, Curia Claudenda, de mu­liere abducta cum bonis viri, Audita Que­rela, and others, which have but ordi­nary proceedings, as hath been treated in some other Actions before spoken of, whereupon I will only speak a word or two of the nature of each of them.

Replevins (most commonly) are brought in inferiour Courts, and after­wards removed to the Sessions, wherein the Plaintiff declares, and the Defen­dant avows, as his Case requires; and afterwards the Plaintiff is to put in his bar, which is called a Replication in ano­ther Action.

And in this Action both Parties are Plaintiffs, and may recover: for the Defendant, if he makes good his Avow­ry, is to recover his Rent, or what else he distrained for, with his Costs and Damages at the Trial: but if the Plaintiff be non-suited, the Defendant is to have a Returno habendo to restore the Cattle distrained by him to his cu­stody, as they were before replevied, [Page 25]whereby to satisfie his demands. But then the Plaintiff, if he will, may have a second Deliverance, and go on again to Trial: but if the Defendant reco­vers in this, he is to have a Returno ha­bendo unrepleviable: but if the Plaintiff recovers, he is to have only Damages for the wrongful distraining of his Beasts; and in case the Goods cannot be replevied, a Withernam may be had to take the Parties own Goods (that did distrain) in value, &c. there is also a homine repligiando for releasing a man detained by another person, except for some offences which are mentioned in the Writs; and there is sometimes a Capias in Withernam that issues out: it is too tedious to express all things con­cerning them, and therefore I leave the Reader, if he be ignorant, to take pains to learn them out of better Au­thors, as I did.

In detinue the Plaintiff is to recover the things detained, and in default thereof, the value of the same in money, which the Jury usually finds.

The same Process is in Partition, and in Waste, and Accompt, which is Sum­mons and Distress; but in Partition and [Page 26]Waste, the Demandant will recover by default upon the third Writ, if the Tenant appears not, as in some other former Actions treated of appears. And in these two Actions of Partition and Waste, there lies no Costs, but treble Damages, and the place Wasted is re­covered in a Writ of Waste. And in Partition there be two Judgements; one after the Verdict, which is no more then (siat inter eos partitio) and the other upon Return of the Writ awarded to the Sheriff to make the Partition, which must be upon motion, and is quod par­titio prædicta firma & stabilis teneatur im­perpetuum. And in a Writ of Waste, the Demandant may, depending the Action, move for a Writ of Estrepe­ment; and is ordinarily granted, being a Writ to the Sheriff to restrain and prevent the making or committing any further waste upon the Land. Whilt the Action is depending, Actions upon penal Statutes are usually brought by way of Information, wherein a Distrin­gas is the next Process, and the Issue, Verdict, and Judgement therein, if found by the Prosecutor, are as the several Statutes do direct, or else a not guilty.

The Action of Curia Claudenda, and do muliere abducta cum bonis viri, are in some respects, especially that of de muliere ab­ducta, &c. in the nature of an Action of Trespass; the Curia Claudenda being an Action brought by one against ano­ther, for not securing or enclosing the Fence or Hedge lying between both their Grounds, and time out of mind (as urged by the Plaintiff) usually made up and fenced by the Defendant, and all other Owners of his Lands; the other de muliere abducta, &c. is for ta­king away the Plaintiffs Wife, with some part of the Plaintiffs Goods, with­out alledging of which Goods: and that also in particular the Action will not be well laid. In all my time of Practice, I saw but one Action of each of these, that is one of Curia Claudenda in Flint-shire, about 30. years ago, and one de muliere abducta, &c. in Denbigh-shire, 24. years ago, wherein 200. l. Damages were recovered.

The Rationabili parte bonorum is, when a Widow upon the custome of North-Wales sues the Executor of her Husband for the moyety of her Husbands per­sonal Estate; or when a Brother or [Page 28]Sister upon the same custome sues for a share, as may more at large appear in Law Books, in which Action all is re­covered in Damages, being what the Plaintiffs Witnesses can make appear, the Moiety to the Wife, or the share of the Brother or Sister, to be really worth, through all the personal E­state.

Audita Querela lyes, when one is ap­prehended and imprisoned for Debt and Damages recovered against him, and against another person, who was prin­cipally Bayl or Surety with him for the same Debt, and when that other per­son had formerly been apprehended for the self same Debt and Damages, and hath satisfied the same, for it will not lye, without real payment or satisfa­ction was made by the other person that was formerly taken in Execution, though he never lay so long in Goal, and came out some way or other with­out satisfying the party Plaintiff, or it will lye for one as became Bayl, or en­tred into Recognizance, though the Debt or Recognizance be not really paid and satisfied, but the Audita Que­rela [...]n that Case must be brought before [Page 29]the parties attain to the full years, if the Audita Querela be made good, but a discharge out of the Goal, and from the Recovery, Recognizance, or Exe­cution, there are original Writs at the Sessions, not spoken of before, (vide­lic. t) a Writ of of Error, a Writ of false Judgement, a Certiorari or Recordari.

The Writs of Error is to move the Record of any Recovery had in any in­feriour Court, which is a real Court, and so a Court of Record, into the great Sessions, so that the Errors there­in (if any be) may be there heard and examined.

A Writ of false Judgement, or some­times called Acced [...]s ad Curiam, is to re­move the Record of any Recovery in a mean or base Court, which is a Court that hath not power to hold Pleas, but under forty shillings to the Sessions.

A Certiorari for removing any Action depending, before it be tryed by Jury in any real Court or Court of Record, which hath power to hold Plea above forty shillings, which are Courts held by Charter in Corporations or Lord­ships, and in some Lordships Marchers by prescription unto the Cost of the [Page 30]great Sessions, there to be proceeded upon, and go to Issue and Trial, if the Plaintiff when it is removed will prose­cute and follow it.

A Recorda [...]e is to remove any Action begun, and not tried in the said base Court under 40 s. to be proceeded on as is aforesaid, touching the Certior. at the Sessions.

Now for proceedings in the said Writs of Errours, false Judgement, Certiorari, and Recordari, thus much which followeth.

The Writ of Error after it is granted, must be delivered to the Steward, or Judge of the Court where the reco­very was had; and he must certifie the Record to the next Sessions, or an At­tachment lies against him: And when it is there entred, he that put in the Record must assign Errours by his Councel, and sue forth a Scire facias ad audiendum; Errours directed to the Sheriff; at the return whereof, if a Scire fcci be returned, the Defendant in the Writ of Error must appear, and plead to the Assignment of Errours; which is In nullo est errætum in Common Pleas; and if he doth not appear, and [Page 31]plead, the Court may proceed by default to hear, or rather to exa­mine the Errors: and in both cases there must be a day appointed for reading the Record; and then after part thereof is read, the Errors are opened by Councel; and if the Cause be argued on both sides, thereupon the Court will either re­verse or affirm the Judgement: and if Judgement be reversed, the Plain­tiff in the Writ of Error shall have his Costs: but there are no Costs upon reversal of a false Judgement, as shall be said hereafter. And if Judgement be affirmed, the Party shall have Execution as well upon his former Judgement, as for what Costs and Damages shall be awarded by the Court to him for that delay.

A Writ of false Judgement is di­rected as well for Judgement given in other mean Courts, as in his own County Court; for such as are Judges in those Courts have not the return of Writs: but in this Writ there is a far shorter proceeding when the Record is put in, then in the Writ of Error; for here needs [Page 32]nothing after it is put in, but Coun­cel to move to have it read, which being done, Judgement is either re­versed, or affirmed. If reversed the Defendant in the Court below (who is the Plaintiff) in the Writ of false Judgement, is to have a Writ to be only restored to what he hath lost, that is, to what he hath paid upon the former Judgement (if any) to have no Costs but the bare sum he was dri­ven to pay upon the former recovery in the Court below. If affirmed, as seldom or never it is, then the Plain­tiff in the inferiour Court is to have Execution out of the Sessions for what he formerly recovered, with­out Costs.

A Certiorari is to remove an Action above 40 s. as is aforesaid, out of a real Court, or Court of Record, be­fore any Judgement or Trial be had therein in that Court. And in that, and in the Recordari, such as sue them forth, are to deliver them into the Sessions by their Attornies, having first called them from such as are to return them, to wit, the Steward, or Judge of the Court of Record for [Page 33]the Certiorari, as in the Writ of Er­ror before, and to call to the Sheriff for the return of the Recordari, to whom the same, as before is said [...] false Judgement, is directed, and are to be proceeded upon as in all other Actions of the nature they be from the beginning, only that Writ serves for an Original, or a Q [...] to ground the Action.

And in case where any man [...] sued out any of the aforesaid [...] mentioned Writs, of purpose to de­lay proceeding in the Court below, (as often it falls out) and the Party suing forth the same is slow or negli­gent to return and put in the same, the other Party, Plaintiff in the Court below, is to move the Court to appoint a time to put in the same; or in default thereof, that a ne reci­piatur may be entred, which is entred. And if it be not put in by the time appointed, the Plaintiff below may take out a Copy of that Rule; or if he please, take out a Writ of Proce­dendo, and thereby proceeded in that Court below, notwithstanding the former Writ procured, or taken out [Page 34]for delay (ut supra): and if the Writ of Certior. be put in into the Sessions, and the Plaintiff in the Action will not appear and prosecute, then a non suit will be entred, wherein no Cost lies, if it be before Declaration. And if the Defendant appears not, the Plaintiff may proceed, and shall recover by default, if it be an Action of Debt; if otherwise, he may pro­ceed as the nature of the Action re­quires. But if Bail be entred in the Court below to answer the Action, as commonly there is, and that cer­tified with the Plaintiff, as often it is, and indeed should be then, when the Writ and Plaint is returned and filed, and the Plaintiffs appear­ance entred by his Attorney; the Plaintiffs Attorney is to move the Court, that the Defendant be or­dered to put in there the same Bail as was in the Court below; all which is usually granted and had. And there be good Reasons it should be so, that besides the Common-Law-Rules, before mentioned, which is, That he who comes in upon Bail, or once is driven to find Bail, should [Page 35]again finde Bail; it is fit that the Party Plaintiff should stand in the superiour Court, notwithstanding the Defendants removing of the A­ction from below, in as good a con­dition, and in no worse then he was in the other Court; for if the Plain­tiff should have no Bail found him at the Sessions, the other Bail that was put in at the Court below be­ing free by the removing here, the Plaintiff would be in a far worse case then he was, and perhaps (if the Defendant prove insolvent) be remediless of the fruits and benefits of his Action at the Sessions. And if Bails were not ordered to be gi­ven upon all Actions removed to the Sessions, where Bail had been for­merly given in the inferiour Court, then it were no great matter or pre­judice to any loose, mean, and un­thrifty Person to be arrested in any Corporation for any sum of Money, though never so great and just, for he could readily find some or other sufficient Bail, if both were assured and knew that, that Bail could pre­sently, or shortly after free and dis­charge [Page 36]charge himself, by being at th [...] charge of a Certiorari, and retorn it into the superior Court, which in­deed any Bail would do to free him­self from his first Engagement, and so put the Principal, (were it not for the Course before-mentioned) in the same estate as he stood before the Ar­rest, which would be heard to the Plaintiff, but as it is used, as before is said, if the Principal for all their moving of the Action, be not able to find at the Sessions the same Bail a­gain as was at the Court below, or another as good, the Plaintiff shall as aforesaid have a Procedendo to the inferior Court.

If an Attorney finds himself any way ignorant (as the best many times may be) what Process to issue out in any of all the Actions before­mentioned, or how to prosecute the same from time to time, let him of­ten attend Councel to be guided and often instructed by him, and he can­not do amiss, for therein few or none do miscarry in their business, but such as trust overmuch to them­selves, and so neglect the advice of [Page 37]others, which is too common and known a fault. Therefore I should advise all Attorneys, never so able and knowing, to attend their Coun­cel as often as possibly they can, not only to give him Instructions in their Clyents Cause, but also to receive Directions how to proceed in the Cause, and also to bring his Councel Copies from time to time (after the Action is called) of the Writs, and of the Declaration, and all plead­ings thereunto, yea and of all Rules passed in the Cause, were very re­quisite; for otherwise if any thing prove amiss, they cannot be fault­less, and in observing and doing what there above is advised, they will not only much further their Clyents Cause, and gain to them­selves more knowledge, but also a­void the blame and censure which Councel too often and sometimes justly, laid upon the Attorneys for their neglect therein, and so shall they not only preserve but also en­crease their good repute and credit with Councel and Clyents, which I hope all discreet Attorneys do or at [Page 38]least should esteem and look upon, far above their gain and profit. Here­unto touching the proceedings in A­ctions, till Issue be joyned in them.

Now followeth how to proceed, and what is to be done in them after Issue is joyned.

Now for further proceedings in all Causes to trial, after Issue is joyned the Party Plaintiff is to sue forth his Jury Writs, as his Venire facias, and Habeas corpora, and (if need be) a Distringas Juratores, and for better expediting of his Trial, and preventing rubbs and obstacles that may come in his way, he must consider and enquire whether there be any kindred, affinity, or alliance between him or his Wife; and the Sheriff or his Wife and if there be, he must put in his Challenge to the Sheriff, and thereby pray Process to the Coronors to retorn his Jury, and move before any Writs goes out, that the Defendant may answer it, and thereupon the Court will ap­point a time ordinarily but to the next sitting, and then if he does not answer it by saying, Vicecomite non [Page 39]obstante, as he may, and usually is done, or pleaded to it if he please, which is seldome done, or say no­thing to it, then the Plaintiffs prays by having Process to the Coronors is granted; but if the Defendant yields it as is aforesaid, by allowing the Sheriff notwithstanding that Chal­lenge, the Process goes to the She­riff. And so again, if he knows or suspects kindred or alliance to any of the Coronors, he may put his Chal­lenge to the one, and pray Process to the other Coronor, and the other which is of kin, not to intermeddle, or put in a Challenge to both Coro­nors, if there be cause, and pray Process to Elizors, which is alwayes the safest course, and in a Cause of any consequence no man should omit any of these to all those Officers, notwithstanding the little charge he be thereby at, and the little delay he is thereby put unto, which seldome is not used to be above one day, for thereby he may perhaps prevent a greater charge, and a longer delay, the Challenge hath but an ordinary form, therefore I omit it; and though [Page 40]the Pedegree be a little mistaken, I never found it much material, for it would come to the same, viz. that the Plaintiff may have his Process either to the Sheriff, Coronors, or Elizors, and avoid all inconveni­ences that falls out by omitting it: But in these Challenges there must be observed what the form of Law re­quires; as if it be for Kindred, to the Sheriffs Wives, then to mention that she is living, if the case be so; if she be dead, to mention her death, and that the Sheriff hath Children alive by her, (if he hath) and many such things; that if the Wife be dead, and no Children living by her, there needs no Challenge. And if Process is to go to Elizors, the Court must be moved to nominate them, and then swear them: but if otherwise, then you are to take out your Pro­cess of first Jury-writ to the Sheriff, or Coronors, or one of them, as the Defendant admits it; and he shall have no benefit of any Challenging to quash the array, though there were Kindred: but if you omit this course as is said, and take Process [Page 41]to the Sheriff when he is of kin, then the Defendant may, (when you have retained and instructed your Coun­cel, and been at charge with your Witnesses, and so be ready for Trial) put you off that Sessions, by chal­lenging and quashing the Array upon that Kindred or Alliance, suggested by that Challenge made to quash the Array; which Challenge to quash the Array must be moved and put into Court by the Councel of the Defen­dant, after the calling and appearing of the Jury, and before they be sworn. And that challenging may be two-fold: the one as principal; as for Kindred and Alliance between the Plaintiff or his Wife, and the Party who returned the Jury; the other for favour; as where the She­riff, or his Officers, returned the Jury by nomination of the Party, or where the Lessor in an ejectione firme is of kin: for as I should have said before, if there be no Kindred at all between the Lessee, who is the Plain­tiff in the Action, and the Sheriff; and if you find there is Kindred be­tween his Lessor and the Sheriff, it [Page 42]behoves you before you take out your Jury-Writ, to put in (as before is shewed) a Challenge to the Sheriff for Kindred to the Lessor; or where there is Kindred between the Plain­tiff or his Lessor, and such as return­ed the Jury by bastardy; that (as I heard) is no principal Challenge, but a Challenge to the favour. And so if that Challenge to the Array be made good upon good Oath punctu­ally, the Array (as aforesaid) will be quashed, and the Plaintiff be put to begin de nove with Jury-Writs, which cannot be brought about that same Sessions; for the Defendant may cast an essoin to the Venire facias the first Jury-Writ: but to all such Challenges to the Array the Plaintiff is called to speak to it, and he must either confess it, or deny it: And so both Parties joyn issue upon it, if confessed, then the Array is quashed; if denied, then Triers are sworn to try, whether the Kindred be as is said; which Triers will be two or three of the Jury that had appeared. And if they find the Kindred, the Array is quashed; if not, the Array [Page 43]will be affirmed, and the Plaintiff shall go on with his Trial, and the Jury that were called, and appeared, will be sworn to try the cause: but if the Array be quashed as for Kin­dred to the Sheriff, the Plaintiff must take a Venire facias to the Coro­nors, though the next Sheriff be no way kin or allied to him. And if the Jury writ whereon the Array was quashed was returned by the Coro­nors, the Plaintiff must begin, and take his Venire facias to Elizors, though there were new Coronors sworn that were neither kin nor al­lied to the Plaintiff; because the Plaintiff taking out his Jury-Process de novo cannot go backward, but must still go forward. If the 24. Men re­turned on the Venire facias, are re­turned by a Sheriff that hath no re­lation to the Plaintiff, and a suc­ceeding Sheriff that will be of kin to the Plaintiff returns the decem tales on the habeas Corpora, in that case the Defendant, if cause be to Challenge the Array, is to say nothing to such as appears on the principal Pannel, till those appear who were returned [Page 44]on the docem tales by the last Sheriff, and not before a Challenge may be put to the rest of the Array from that place forward, (ut supra) when Tri­ors are named by the Court (as is aforesaid) to try whether the Array returned stand indifferent, by reason of the Kindred proved between the Plaintiff and such as returned it, the Plaintiff or Defendant may twice challenge or accept against those Triors, without shewing any cause for it; but the third Challenge is pe­remptory, which must be allowed at the Partiesown peril when the Plain­tiff hath made & put in his Challenge, (as is aforesaid) or is assured that he needs not, he is to take out his Venire facias, and return it, or file it in Court; which the Defendant may, if he please, Essoin, and thereby gain a day longer to prepare himself; but the Essoin must be cast at the Chal­lenge of the Writ, or else too late when the Essoin is not allowed or not Essoined at all, then a Habeas Cor­pora, with a Decem tales, is to be taken out, and so (if cause requires) a Di­stringas Juratorum, with an Octo tales.

Upon Challenge, the Habeas Cor­pora, or Distringas Jurat. the whole Jury therein returned will be cal­led; and after they are all called, if twelve appear, they will be sworn: but before they be sworn, any of the Parties may challenge any one of them, or all, (if there be cause) by the Poll, if any Party dislikes any of the Jury by reason of Kindred, or favour to the other Parties Attorney, must say, when that Jurors come to the Book to be Sworn, I challenge him for the Plaintiff, or for the De­fendant, which will in the margine of the Pannels be entred. And then he that is challenged is not sworn, till twelve be found out, if so many indifferent men appear upon the Pan­nel, or till all the names in the Pan­nel be called. And if full twelve be not found to appear upon the Pan­nel, and after the Pannel is perused and gone through, then the Party which challenged any is called to shew his cause of Challenge against such and such; and then must his Councel or Attorney manifest the Cause, which is most commonly for [Page 46]Kindred, or Alliance to the other Party; or that the Jury challenged is Tenant, Servant, or within the Plaintiffs destress, if the Challenge be put in by the Defendant; and so e contrario if the Challenge be put in by the Plaintiff: if you name at first but one of those Causes of Challenge, and the Juror upon Oath deny it, you are not allowed to go back and name the rest of the Causes of Challenge. And therefore for fear of the worst, all those Causes are usually named at first; for the Juror challenged is to be examined upon the Voyer dier to all those exceptions, and if he doth confess or acknowledge any of them, he is put by and excused; if not, he is sworn to try the Cause: and very often when the Party challenging, will not allow the bare denial o [...] the challenged, but will produce proof to make good the Causes, or one of them, for which challenged; whereupon two of them that will be already Sworn to Try the Cause, will be again Sworn to try whether the Party challenged is an indiffe­rent man, as he stands unsworn, to [Page 47]be of that Jury or no? if they find, or say he is, or stands indifferent, he is presently Sworn to Try the Cause; and if they say he is not, he is put by, as is said before. And if a Challenge be made by Plaintiff or Defendant to any of the Jury for corruption, or any other miscarriage in him, as may be, then you must prove it by Wit­nesses; for the Juror will not be compelled to his Oath in this as in other cases, to accuse himself in such case; and as good not challenge any, or rather better upon that score, if it cannot be palpably proved; for if not proved, he will be Sworn to Try the Cause: and perhaps when he is amongst his Fellows debating the Cause, think of the ignominy which was spoken and offered him, and could not be proved, and then do the Party as challenged him a discourtesie, if not a mischief.

If there do not appear full twelve upon calling of the Pannel, after they are twice called, then the Plain­tiff is told by the Clerk as called the Jury, that there is not a full En­quest, and asked what he prays, [Page 48]and then Councel prays a tales, but it is in the Plaintiffs choice to pray a tales de Circumstantibus, or a tales at Common Law, which is had upon further Process. But if he prays a ta­les de Circumstantibus, as most usually it is, then the Sheriff, Coronors, or Elizors, or some of them that made retorn of that Pannel, is presently to retorn as many of the standers by as will make up a full Jury; but if you pray a tales at Common Law, you may take out your further Pro­cess at that or the next Sessions; if you sue out a Venire facias one Sessi­ons and do no more, then you are to take out the Habeas corpora the next Sessions, and continue the Cause, if the Cause be stayed upon Habeas corpora, to continue the Cause the next Sessions after, and sue forth a Distringas Juratores; if after Issue joyned the Plaintiff will not proceed in the Cause, then the Defendant upon any default made by the Plain­tiff, may go on (if he please) by moving the Court that he may pro­ceed with a Proviso, which of course the Court grants, and the same Rule [Page 49]being entred, the Defendant shall proceed and take the matter in the same place where the Plaintiff left, (to wit) if the Plaintiff left it after Issue joyned, before any Writs ta­ken out, the Defendant is to take out a Venire fac. with Proviso, which is no more then to prohibit the She­riff to retorn one Writ of the same nature, in case two came to him, one from the Plaintiff, and one from the Defendant, so that the She­riff is to retorn only the first that comes to him, and if the Venire facias be taken out by the Plaintiff, the Defendant upon the Plaintiffs de­fault may take out the Habeas corpora with a Proviso, and so forward in all Processes with a Proviso, and the Court shall proceed thereon to Trial or non-Suit, let the Plaintiff appear or not appear; but if the Plaintiff please he may appear, and give Evi­dence as well upon that Writ of the Defendant, as if it had been sued out by the Plaintiff, and challenge the Jury or the Array. Co. lib. Intr. 340. As for kindred between the Defendant and the She­riff, [Page 50]but if the Plaintiff appears not as soon as the Jury are sworn, the Plaintiff will be called, and upon his non-appearance non-suited.

When a Jury is called, and after full appearance of twelve, and are ready to be sworn, the Defendant before any be sworn will be called to appear, and will be told in all perso­nal Actions, that if he doth not ap­pear, the Jury will be taken in his default, whereupon the Defendant either appears by his Attorney or not appears, if he does not appear, the Plaintiffs Councel prays that the Defendants default may be entred, and the Jury taken by default, which is accordingly done, and though the Defendant makes default, and appears not by his Attorney, (yet if he please) his Councel will be admitted to speak for him, and manage his Evidence if there be any, as far forth as Councel can in the Defendants defence, but an Attor­ney will not be admitted to speak or act any thing for him, but in a real Action when the Tenant is called (ut supra) he is told that if he appears [Page 51]not, a Pettite Cap. will be awarded against him, and upon his non-ap­pearance or default, the Deman­dants Councel will move that the de­fault may be entred, and the Pettite Cap. awarded, which the Court grants, and the Trial stayed, and the Pettite Cap. issued out, and when it is retorned and called, which will be ordinarily the next day after the default, the Demandant shall have Judgement, and recover seizin of the Lands, unless there be a receit in the Case; but before I speak there­of, I will end with the manner of Trials; for at some Trials, after the Jury are sworn, and after some Evidence given, or before any Evi­dence given, the Cause is by both parties consents referred or stayed, wherein in such a Case to prevent a Verdict or a non. Suit of either sides, a Juror is withdrawn, which will be the first, second, third, or last, or any other that were sworn, of them that appeared on the Pannel, as the Court shall direct, and then is struck­en out of the Pannel, and the Jury discharged, and paid equal by both [Page 52]parties Plaintiff and Defendant; the withdrawing of a Juror must alwayes be with the consent of both parties, and cannot be by an Act of the Court, without consent of the Plaintiff and Defendant, and where a Juror is withdrawn, if the Cause be not comprized and ended by the next Sessions following, the Plaintiff may go on if he please, and if he will not, the Defendant may go on with a Proviso, as is before said, and if it stood upon the Habeas corpora, there will issue out a Distringas Jurat. wherein all that were named upon the former Pannel, will be named in the Distringas, saving him who was withdrawn, and stricken out of the former Pannel, and commanded to retorn eight more unto him, and so proceed to Trial again in all points, as formerly hath been said of first Trial.

Now a Receipt spoken of a little before, is where one is admitted to appear upon the Pettite Cap. where a Quod ei deforceat or a Writ of Dow­er, is brought against Husband and Wife for Lands, wherein the Wife [Page 53]hath some title or interest, if the Husband makes default after the ap­pearance of full Jury, and suffer a Pettite Cape to go out against him, the Wife if she please upon calling of the Pettite Cape, shall be admitted to appear if she please upon the very calling of the Writ, either in proper person or by Attorney, having had out a Commission, whereby her Warrant was taken to make that At­torney, as it is in all Cases of Com­mon Recovery, wherein any Te­nant or Vouchee appears not in per­son, but by an Attorney; and if she also have her Plea ready or forth­coming, to be put into the Court, and so save her and her Husbands de­fault: and she may also so do in case her Husband alone were sued for some Lands, wherein after the death of her Husband she hath an Estate for life, and save her Husbands default, by stopping and preventing the issu­ing out of a Writ of Seizin against him, so that her Plea be issuable, and put in manner aforesaid, and then the Demandant will be forced to proceed to Issue and Trial against [Page 54]her de novo. And if a real Action be brought against a Tenant for life, and he maketh default (ut supra) he in the remainder shall in the like sort be admitted and received, having his Plea ready as aforesaid, shewing his Estate in remainder, but the Tenant in Receipt is after bound in Recog­nizance with pledges, to answer the mean Profits before it be received, in case the matter pass against him, if it be required of him, but very many have been and still are admit­ted, without requiring any such tyes. These proceedings which in­deed are very good, and which the Law as I conceive hath provided to save the right of a Stranger to the Action, if he comes in, are very of­ten used for meer delayes to the De­mandant, in my judgement some of these Receipts upon what experience I found, might be abrogated in some Cases, as when a Tenant for life is sued, after he appears and comes to plead, he may pray in him that hath the Estate in remainder, and there­upon a Writ of Summons ad auxilian­dum will be issued out against him in [Page 55]the remainder, whereupon he may come in and appear, and plead his Title, and at the Trial give it in E­vidence, which is as much as he can do when he appears upon the Pettite Cap. and if the Law be so to save that trouble to the Demandant, of going round about upon the Receipt, when the Jury are gone together, and have deliberated and considered of their Evidence, and to come to yield and deliver up their Verdict, after they are asked whether they are agreed on their Verdict or no, or who shall speak for them, the Plain­tiff is called to know whether he stand to his Writ or Plaint, and if his Attorney appears, the Verdict is taken and entred, if he does not ap­pear, the Defendants Councel prays that a non-Suit be entred or record­ed, which accordingly is done, and upon every such non-Suit the De­fendant shall have Execution for his Costs, if the Law give Costs to the Plaintiff, had he recovered in that Action, and there falls sometimes in some Cases a special Verdict as well as a general Verdict; a general [Page 56]Verdict is, when a Jury finds in ge­neral the matter in Issue, either for the Plaintiffs side, or Defendants side, no points or matter in Law opposing it: but a special Verdict is, when upon the Evidence the whole matter of Fact on both sides is apparent to the Jury; save that a point or que­stion in Law falls out to appear upon the whole Evidence, which the Jury cannot resolve: wherefore the Court assents, and Councel on both sides agree, that a special Verdict be drawn in that case. And thereupon the Councel on both sides agree, and consider forthwith at the Bar upon the main material points, or heads to be agreed and delivered up by the Jury, which is afterwards drawn at large in form: and that Verdict will be, that the Jury find all matters of Fact material to make the Case on both sides, and make a doubt in some points in Law which fall to be in the whole case and matter, and conclude, that if the Law in such points be thus and thus, they find for the Plaintiff, and cess him Damage and Costs, or otherwise, as the Action requires: [Page 57]but if the Law in that point be thus and thus, or otherwise, they find for the Defendant; and after this Verdict is drawn and perfected, and both Parties Councel assent to the truth thereof, it is entred, and Copies thereof made for the Judges, and a time appointed to argue it; for the Court is to Judge and determine all points and questions doubtful in Law to the Jury, though the Jury be to determine, and accordingly to de­liver up their Verdict on all matters of Fact as be given them in Evidence, and leave the doubt in Law to the Judges determination and judge­ment: and at the time appointed, Councel on both sides argue the Case that falls out to be the point of Law in the Verdict, by citing as many Cases as they can produce to make the stronger for the Law in the Case to be on their Clients behalf, and by enlarging with their own Reasons and Expositions upon the same Cases; and then, or perhaps another time, the Judge make each of them an Argument, upon what Cases as were cited, and on all as had [Page 58]been said on both sides; and then, or what other time they are disposed, deliver their opinion in the point in Law, either for the Plaintiff, or for the Defendant, and accordingly Judgement shall be entred. And for every Sessions from the time of giving up the Verdict by the Jury, till Judg­ment be given, there is an Entry of Curia advisare vult, which is in the nature of a continuance.

It falls out sometimes, but indeed very seldom, that a Jury after they are Sworn, and hear their Evidence, are discharged without delivering any Verdict at all, and none of them wihdrawn, as is before spoken of, when Causes are referred after Evi­dence heard; but an absolute dis­charge entred by the Court, wherein yet there is always mentioned ex as­sensu partium, and this falls out to be when Councel of the one side de­murs on the Evidence given on the other side, and the Councel from whom the Evidence is given joyns in demurrer; whereupon the Evidence that was given to be drawn up with the demurrer to it, and then the [Page 59]Jury, as aforesaid, discharged, and the points that falls out were in Law upon the Evidence left to the Judge­ment and, Determination of the Court, which sometimes after Argu­ment is given and entred for Plain­tiff or Defendant, as is before spoken, where a special Verdict is given; and therefore I will not enlarge further thereon, having stood somewhat longer on manner of arguing, and determination of a special Verdict then altogether concerned, my pur­pose being to direct an Attorney how far he was to act in that and in this; It is the Councels part to man­age all things.

Again, when a Jury after they heard their Evidence, and deliberate thereon, comes to deliver their Ver­dict, if the Plaintiff when he is then called becomes non-suit, it is requi­site that the Defendants Attorney have care (which I omitted to speak of when I formerly spake of a non-suit, where it had been more proper) that is to say, a special Entry made of that non-suit, that it was after Evidence; whereby the Record may [Page 60]be, as several Presidents are for it, drawn up accordingly; for there is a very great difference and strong one, when occasion is to be urged between a common ordinary Non-suit before Evidence, and a Non-suit after full Evidence on both sides given, for it is near as good as a Verdict for the Defendant. And in so doing the Attorney may perhaps benefit his Client far more then what he had formerly done for him in this Cause, if the Plaintiff should after­wards stir therein, and bring his Cause about again to another Trial.

After Recovery or non-Suit, there may be several Writs of Exe­cution had by the party that reco­vers, though but one at a time, for to attain the fruits of his Recovery, which Writs in Debt and all other personal actions, are either a Capias ad satisfaciend. a Ficri facias, or an Elegit, the one being to take the bo­dy, the other to seize on the party, goods and chattels, the third to find the moiety of his Lands that he had at the time of the Judgement given, [Page 61]and all his Cattel, except the Cattel of his Plow. If an Elegit be taken out, the party can resort to no other Writ: [...]till the time expires that he must sue forth a Sci. fac. for to re­new his Judgement, if a Capias be taken out, he cannot resort to a Sci. fac. but after a Fi. fac. there may be a Cap. had upon retorn of Nihil ha­bet in Balliva mea, &c.

After an enquiry is made upon an Elegit, and Lands found, the party that sued it out, if he conceives that what is done upon it it may satisfie his Recovery, is to retorn it, and have it filed in the Prothonotary Office, or else keep it with him, and accept a time to take out another Elegit or another Writ, if it be to be obtain­ed; for if he files his Elegit, he is thereby concluded and barred from having any further Execution, though by that which he filed, he could never attain to the third part of his Recovery.

If a Sheriff upon a Capias retorns, Non est inventus, the party may have an alias if he please, or an Exigent, which is to the Sheriff, to proclaim [Page 62]the Defendant at the fourth or next County Court, and at the fourth County he is to be outlawed by the Coronors Judgement, and when the Exigent is retorned, then will issue out a Capias ut legatu [...]; which is ei­ther general or special, the general is to take the body only, and the spe­cial is as well to take the body, as to find or to seize on the party his Lands and Goods to the Kings use, till the party clears himself of the Outlary. But I never understood in all the time of my experience, and upon all my enquiry, how, or in what manner legally a man upon an Outlary had out of the Sessions and Lands found thereon, may come to reap the benefit thereof, by satisfy­ing his Recovery; though it is ordi­narily done in England, for no In­quisition upon an Outlary was ever retorned to our Welch Exchequer, which is an Office belonging to the Sessions for making of Original Writs there, and how it may be transmitted; or Cognizance taken of them at the Exchequer above forth, I leave them to signifie, that [Page 63]have reason to be more knowing then my self therein; for there was no such proceedings in all my time, and never before for ought I heard. There are also in Actions of Dower, and on other real Actions, a Habere facias seisinam, as an Execution, to be taken out, to obtain possession of the Lands recovered, and in it some­times a Writ to enquire of Damage, as in Dower, which is recovered by default, or where it appeared not what the Damages were, and a Capi­as or Fieri fac. for the Costs, wherein Costs lyes, which Writ when exe­cuted, is to be retorned and filed, and in Ejectione firmæ, an Habere faci­as possessionem is the Execution, for to put into possession with a Cap. or Fi­eri fac. as is aforesaid included, or by it self, for the Costs and Dama­ges, which likewise are to be retorn­ed and filed after they are executed.

If Execution be not taken out till a year be expired, since the last Exe­cution upon any Judgement was sued forth, then the Plaintiff should have no Execution, though Prothonoto­ries use to do it, by continuing the [Page 64]Cause before he takes out a Scire fac. to the Sheriff, to sum non the party Defendant to shew cause wherefore the Plaintiff should not have Execu­tion, and if the Sheriff retorns thereupon a Scire feci, as there is a Rule given by the Court to shew cause, &c. but in some Courts there be two, or in some three Rules to appear, and the like to plead, which in Summe seems to be too favoura­ble to the Defendant, and in great delay to the Plaintiff, which may tend to his prejudice, but in default of appearing and pleading something to it, Judgement is entred, which is Quod fiat Executio, and then Execu­tion awarded, the Defendant may plead thereunto what the Law ad­mits; and as his Case stands, Nul tiel record, and several other things. But some hold that that Plea holds not in the same Court where the Judgement was obtained, others I found of opinion it would, but when it is admitted, as soon as the Record of the Judgement is produced and read, there is an end of it, and Exe­cution is presently awarded; if the [Page 65]Sheriff retorn upon the Fieri facias, Nihil habet per quod, &c. the party Plaintiff must take out another Scire fac. and if the Sheriff retorns the same Retorn on that, then those two Nichils amount to a Scire feci, and the party shall have Execution, as if a Scire feci had been at first retorned, in case the Defendant appears not, or afterwards plead not. There be several Causes wherein a Scire fac. is requisite after Judgement, before Execution be made or taken out, as if the Plaintiff or Defendant died af­ter Judgement, there must be a Scire fac. for the Plaintiffs Executor or Administrator of the Defendant, if the Defendant die, or against the Son and Heir of the Defendant, or against the ter-Tenant of the Lands, which the Defendant held at the time of the Judgement. And also when a single Woman marries, after she re­covers she must have a Scire fac. in her and her Husbands name, or where there are two Plaintiffs, and one di­ed after Judgement, and before sa­tisfaction, there the Survivor must have a Scire fac. and it is very fit a [Page 67] Scire fac. be where two are such joyntly, and one of them died after Judgement, and before satisfaction that a Scire fac. be had against th [...] Survivor Defendant, that the future Execution be only against the surviving person; for otherwise it mu [...] be issued out against him that is dead as well as against him that is living for otherwise no Record will war­rant the issuing of any Execution fo [...] or against them, who before that Sci­re facias were therein never mention­ed, in all which Scire facias the [...] must be a mention or suggestion [...] the Cause thereof.

In a Scire facias against one Execu­tor or Administrator, for a Debt re­covered against the Testator or Inte [...] ­state, he may plead as he might to as Action commenced for the same thing against him, Ne unques Exec. &c. o [...] Administratio nunquam Commissa fuit but his safest course will be, Plene ad­ministravit, but if there were an [...] Judgement against the Testator [...] Intestator, that must be pleaded i [...] special, or otherwise he shall have [...] benefit thereof, when he comes [...] [Page 68]discharge the Assets that shall be charged upon him, upon his general Plene Administravit.

The Scire facias against the Heir is, where any Heir hath any Lands fallen upon him from Father or Kinsman, without any conveyance formerly made to him thereof, or against the ter-Tenant, is where any one doth occupie, and hath purchased Lands, that were the Lands of him against whom any Recovery was had, at the time of the Judgement given, for all such Lands are lyable to the Judge­ment, and in these Cases the Defen­dants in the Scire fac. are to appear and defend themselves if they can, the ter-Tenant by pleading some Conveyance made of the Lands be­fore Judgement, or something else, as his Case requires, and the Heir defendeth himself most commonly by pleading, Riens per discent, which is sometimes generally, and some other times specially pleaded; now to plead it specially, is to say he hath nothing by discent præter &c. (to wit) save ten acres of Lands, or such a quantity in such and such [Page 68]Townships, for if the Heir be sure the Plaintiff cannot fasten that he hath any Lands by discent, he may safely plead the general Riens per dis­cent. but if he hath not from his Fa­ther or Ancestors some thousand acres, and but one acre or two by discent, and all the rest being a thou­sand or two thousand are not, so he must except the two acres in his Plea, without which the Plaintiff upon the general Issue pleaded, if he prove; the Defendant hath one or two acres by discent, shall have a Writ not on­ly to extend that, but all the rest of the Land that he holds, as were the late Lands of him against whom the Judgement was, though he held them by conveyance, and came not by dis­cent, whereof he must be seized in Fee-simple at the time of the Writ brought against him, or else he is not lyable, and upon Judgement had against Heir and ter-Tenants, the Plaintiff is to have Execution, to extend the whole Lands thereto lya­ble, till the whole money recovered be thence levied.

If Judgement in any Action, or on a [Page 69] Scire fac. against an Executor or Ad­ministrator, the first Execution is a [...]ieri facias de bonis testatoris for the [...]rincipal Debt, and bonis propriis for [...]he Damage thereon, if the Sheriff [...]o return, that the Executor or Ad­ministrator, hath no Goods unad­ [...]inistred, then the Plaintiff is with­out remedy against the Party, but is [...]y an Action upon the Case to take is remedy against the Sheriff; for [...]e return is not held sufficient, or [...]ny good return in Law: but if the [...]heriff returns a Devastavit, &c. then Fieri facias de bonis propriis goes out [...]o leavy the whole, as well the Debt [...]s the Damage out of the Execu­tor or Administrators own Goods which return also proves sometimes very dangerous to the Sheriff; for [...]n returning of a Devastavit against [...]ome Executor or other, wherein [...]evera it lies not, that Executor may [...]ring his Action against the Sheriff, [...]nd recover very great Damage a­gainst him; therefore the Sheriff is [...]n a strict case, and he should do no­thing rashly, but all things warily [...]nd advisedly, and so he cannot do [Page 70]amiss. And upon that Fieri facias bonis propriis, if the Sheriff return nib [...] ­habet, &c. then the Party Plainti [...] shall have a Capias ad satisfaciend, a­gainst the body of the Executor o [...] Administrator.

There are many other things which are requisite for an Attorneys know­ledge, as the knowledge in the so­licitation of quashing or traversing of Indictments or Presentments, a [...] in levying of Fines, and suffering common Recoveries for better as­suring of Lands, and some other things which would prove too tedious to insist upon: for I confess have been in some things before ove [...] tedious already, therefore I sha [...] leave them to learn, and to seek o [...] by their own industry the knowledge of them, if they conceive the plea­sure in them, or the gain gott [...] thereby will countervail their pain [...] And indeed I rather omit to speak any thing touching the quashing and tra­versing of Indictments, for it mat­ters not much what such Person [...] gives occasion to be presented o [...] indicted, may suffer for defect o [...] [Page 71]knowledge that way in his Attorney for Councel (if well paid) as such Person to avoid their conviction, and consequently their penalties and punishments will, or at least should do, will sufficiently direct them. And for the knowledge in suffering of common Recoveries, and levying of Fines, it belongs altogether to Councel to be managed and directed, without an Attorney be in something able to ease the Councel; as by Draw­ing Titlings and Concords, which an Attorney who that way obtained good experience may do, other­wise I hold him not fit to meddle therein; or to be instructed, least trusting to his Instructions, without further knowledge, he may spoil his Clyents Conveyances, and thereby do him therein more harm perhaps, then by his negligence or ignorance in dealing, for his Clyent in several petty Causes. It is very behoovefull for an Attorney to know at least the forms, if not the nature of all Writs, and the Retorns of them, especially of such Originals, second Writs, Jury Writs, and Writs of Executi­on, [Page 72]as be most used and expedient for his practice. And to know well the Fees of the Prothonotory, and the rest of the Officers of the Court; for without some knowledge in these Writs and Retorns, his Clyents Cause may be delayed, and perhaps sometimes overmuch prejudiced, be­cause all Clerks of an Office or Un­der-Sheriff are not so perfect and knowing, but some may commit a fault now and then, and those that are knowing may be subject (by rea­son of negligence or over-hastiness) to write false. And if any Attor­ney, if he suspect any such thing, cannot apprehend it, his Clyents as aforesaid may suffer by it, if the At­torney of the other side be more knowing and apprehensive. And if any Attorney knows not perfectly all Fees, he cannot choose but in making of Bills of Costs for his Cly­ent after Sessions, or when he takes out Execution for them, prejudice and wrong himself or his Clyent. Neither is it handsome for an Attor­ney when he is paying some Fees to an Officer, to be enquiring of him, [Page 73]or of another, what the Fees are; lest he gives occasion to some stand­ers by to suspect his ignorance in other things as well as in those Fees. All which ordinary Writs and their Retorns, I would have done here: but far better then I could do, are to be had and read in several printed Books; wherein if Attorneys please they may be fully instructed, and their Fees they may soon attain to know in a short time, if they be but diligent in observing, and willingly learning, and also carefull to re­member what they observe and learn, that I need not here give any Cata­logue of them; for an Attorney, though he were bred up an Appren­tice his time under an able Attorney, which I conceive is a very good way to bring him up, and make him able, and if he had never so good instructi­on from him in writing, and by long experience, will never for all this I think prove throughly perfect and able in his profession, no more then I also think any of another profession will do, without he be as earnest and desirous to learn and know the same, [Page 74]as much or more for the delight and pleasure he shall take and receive in the knowledge thereof, as in the profits and gain he expects to attain by it: but the over-hastiness and for­wardness to come too soon by that gain, hath made many one a bung­ler, not only in that, but in several other professions, which Error were well to be by others hereafter shun­ned and avoided.

Ad magnam Sessionem Domini Re­gis, Com. Caernarvon tent. apud Conwey in Com. predict. coram Petro Mutton Ar. Justiciar, Do­mini Regis magn. Sessionis suæ Com. pred. & Edvardo Littleton Ar. uno alter. Justiciar. &c. die Lunæ (viz.) decimo quinto die Septemb. Anno Regni Dom. Ca­roli Dei gratia Angliæ, Scotiæ, Franciæ, & Hiberniæ Regis, fidei Defensor. &c. quarto.
Certain Rules agreed upon at the said Sessions, for the setling of business in the Court of the said Sessions, within the three Shires of North-Wales.

• 1. Imprimis, Every Essoin to be east upon the calling of the Writ, or else not to be allowed.
• 2. Item, An Essoin is to be al­lowed upon the Iterum Summoneas, second or third Bill, Distringas, &c. [Page 76]if there be no Essoin cast before upon the Original, and that before Issue, but after Issue one Essoin upon the Venire fac. only.
• 3. Item, No Essoin to be allowed upon a Scire fac. brought upon a for­mer Judgement.
• 4. Item, After Appearance and Declaration, three Rules in every real Action, and two in every per­sonal, mixt, or popular, and the last peremptory, after a Plea one Rule for Replication, Rejoynder, Surre­joynder, Rebutter, Surrebutter.
• 5. Item, The Petit visum or audi­tum in real Actions to be demanded between the second and third Rule, and the Petit auditum in personal Actions between the first and second Rule.
• 6. Item, An Essoin to cast one day only, ( viz.) the next day af­ter Essoin cast, as if a Writ be essoin­ed upon a Munday to put off Tues­day, so that no Writ can be called untill Wednesday morning, and the party to wave or warrant the Essoin, the day essoined, sitting the Court.
• 7. Item, If there be no appear­ance [Page 77]upon the day of the Retorn, nor upon the calling of any Writ sitting the Court, or upon that day, the appearance not to be allowed, but upon the next Writ or Process.
• 8. Item, Upon a similis Narratio, upon a Writ of View, Sum. ad War­ran. ad auxiliand. and upon a Chal­lenge one Rule only, and that pe­remptory.
• 9. Item, After Imparlance one Rule.
• 10. Item, Upon every Sc. fac. upon an old Judgement in personal Actions two Rules to appear, and after appearance two Rules to plead, and that peremptory, but upon real Actions three Rules to appear, and three to plead, but upon a Judge­ment of ten years past no Sc. fac. is to be granted without motion in Court, unless it be continued by Process.
• 11. Item, No Judgement to be given upon a Bond for performance of Covenants, Award, or Agree­ments upon default, without motion in Court.
• 12. Item, An Executor or Admi­nistrator to make Oath that he re­ceived [Page 78]no part of the Debt, nor any other for him, since the death of the Testator, nor the Testator himself to his knowledge.
• 13. Item, No Judgement entred by default, or taken of the same Ses­sions, unless the Defendant plead in Bar the same Sessions.
• 14. Item, Upon the general Issue tendred, the Similiter to be entred for the Defendant without Rule, but upon any special pleading, or a Similiter for the Plaintiff, one Rule to be given.
• 15. Item, Upon a Demurrer ten­dred, one Rule to joyn, and upon refusal Judgement to be given.
• 16. Item, If a Plaint be removed by Recordare, Pone, Certiorari, or otherwise, from an inferior Court to the great Sessions, the Defendant appearing by Attorney, and giving Rule, and the Plaintiff thereupon non-suited, the Defendant ought not to have Costs, the Amercia­ments of 3 d. or that Amerciament to be increased.

The certain and known Rules to be ob­served in the proceedings of the Chan­cery Court of the great Sessions of the Counties of Anglesey, Caernarvon, and Merioneth.

• 1. IMprimis, If any Party served with a Subpoena to answer doth not appear, and enter his appear­ance with the Register, before the sitting of the fourth Court next after the said service, the Plaintiffs At­tornies may sitting, or after the fourth Court upon filing the Bill, and the Oath of the Service of Course, without motion, cause the Register to enter and pass an At­tachment: And the legality of it, and the validity of the Oath, to be disputed upon the Defendants ap­pearance; and no Subpoena shall issue into a foreign County without order of Court; and by the entry of appearance it is to be expressed, whe­ther the Defendant appear in person, or by Attorney, and for how many Defendants the appearance is given.
• 2. If no Answer, Plea, or Demur­rer be put in before the sitting of the [Page 80]fourth Court next after the entry of appearance, the Register ex officio to enter and grant an Attachment, and upon the due return of any Attach­ment to enter and issue forth an alias Attachment; and upon the return thereof (if cause require) to enter and issue forth Proclamation of Re­bellion, but no sequestration without motion in Court, and every of these Processes to bear teste from day to day, and all contempts are to be cleared or paid, for before answer be received, and all Bills and An­swers to be subscribed by Councel.
• 3. If no Bill be filed against the Party, served within three Courts after the entry of his appearance, he shall upon the producing of the Sub­poena, or Ticket, wherewith he was served, and filing of it with his Af­fidavit of his service be of course dismissed with vj. s. viij d. costs, and if after answer no exceptions or reply be filed and entred, or o­ther proceedings given within four Courts, the Defendant is of course to be dismissed with 13. s. 4. d. costs, having first by himself or his At­torney [Page 81]moved the Plaintiffs Attor­ney to give proceedings.
• 4. After replication entred and re­ceived, and issue joyned, and at any time before publication either Party is at liberty to examine witnesses be­fore the Register giving notice of the witnesses names in writing to the Attorney of the adverse party, and for want of notice the examinations to be suppressed, and the first inter­rogatories to be ministred to all the witnesses without any alteration, without special order of Court.
• 5. That in all causes wherein wit­nesses have been examined in the Re­gisters office, or by Commission re­turned and certified publication shall without motion pass, if cause be not shewed by the Plaintiff or Defen­dant before the rising of the second Court on Wednesday in the Sessions week, in the County wherein such causes arise, and both parties if pre­sent, or such of them as appear there in person, or by Attornies, that pre­sent Sessions, at their peril, without service of any Process in that behalf; otherwise if absent, and not appear­ing [Page 82]as aforesaid, to be served with a Process to hear Judgement therein at such time and place as the Justices of the same great Sessions shall ap­point.
• 6. If a Bill of Costs awarded upon any hearing, or otherwise, be in dif­ference between the Attornies, the Register is indifferently to tax and allow the same, and the order to pass according to his approbation therein without motion.
• 7. That no motion in any cause after appearance entred be made by Councel or Attorney, without notice first given of the purpose and inten­tion thereof to the Councel or At­torney for the Party against whom such motion is to be made; and that if any such motion shall be made be­fore notice, the same shall be of no effect, and at every motion the last Rule in that cause to be produced.
• 8. Where any Person shall be brought in by Process, or shall ap­pear gratis to be examined upon a Contempt, he shall give notice of such his appearance to the Attorney of the other side; and if within three [Page 83]Courts after such appearance, or notice given, Interrogatories shall not be exhibited to examine him; or if being examined, no reference shall be procured of his Examination, then the Party so examined shall be discharged of the Contempts without further motion, and attend the Re­gister for taxing of Costs, which the Register is to tax without further order.

Montgomery and Denbigh.
A Note of the Fees belonging to the Pr [...] thonotary of North-Wales in Causes real and mixed.

• FOr every mean Process before Appearance, ij s.
• For every Warrant of Attorney and Essoin severally, iv d.
• For every Declaration, Plea, Re­ply, Rejoynder, Surr. Demur. and joyning in Demur. ij s.
• For every Issue joyned of either Party, ij s.
• For every Pet. visum, ij s.
• For every Imparlance, ij s.
• [Page 84]For every Writ of
• Grand Cape, ij s.
• Petty Cape, ij s.
• View, ij s.
• Sum. ad aux. ij s.
• Sum. ad Warr. ij s.
• and other Ju­dicial Writs, ij s.
• For every Continuance ij s. viij d.
• For every Challenge to the She­riff ij s. the like to either Coroner ij s. to all three in all vj s.
• For Challenge unto the Array, ij s.
• For Affirmation, or Quasat. there­upon, ij s.
• For every Ven. fac. ij s. q.
• For every Hab. Corp. Distring. &c. ij s. viij d.
• For every Tales de Circumst. ij s.
• For calling the Jury j s.
• For every Adjournment of Jury, Remanet, or Juror withdrawn by As­sent of Parties, ij s.
• For Verdict and Judgement, iv s.
• For every privy Verdict, v s.
• For Reading the Record, ij s.
• For Reading the Evidence, ij s.
• For every Non-suit, iv s.
• For every Capt. by default, ij s.
• [Page 85]For every Writ of Seisin, ij s.
• For Slander the Fees for the most part concur with the precedent Fees, as experience will inform.

Fees in Personal Actions above 40 s. Debt or Damages.

• FOr the first Bill, or Pone, x d.
• For every second, third Sum. or Distr. vj d.
• For every Warr. of Att. and Essoin severally, iv d.
• For every Adjourn, ij d.
• For every Decl. viij d.
• For every Pet. Audit. viij d.
• For every Li. lo. xij d.
• For every Bar, and other Pleas, xij d.
• For every long Plea, entring In­dent. and Awards in heo Verba, for every sheet viij d.
• For every ordinary Issue of either Party, xij d.
• For every Non est factum, xij d.
• Similiter inde. iij s.
• For every Demurrer, xij d.
• For Issue thereunto, xij d.
• [Page 86]For every Continuance, j s. iv d.
• For every Ve. fa. j s. ij d.
• For every Challenge, Plea, Qua­sat. or Affirmat. as before, per piece ij s.
• For every Hab. Corp. j s. viij d.
• Voc. Jur. j s.
• Tales, ij s.
• For every Adjournment of Jury, Remanet. or Juror withdrawn, ij s.
• For Reading Record, j s.
• For Verdict and Judgement ij s.
• For Non-suit, ij s.
• For Capt. by default, j s.
• For Ca. Sa. or Fi. fa. vj d.

Personal Actions under 40 s.

• FOr every Summons, Pone, and Writs thereupon issuing, iv d.
• Warrant Attorney, iv d.
• Declaration, iv d.
• Euery Issue, iv d.
• Continuance, viij d.
• Judgement, viij d.
• After Issue joyned the Fees are ta­ken as in the former Action above 40 s.
• [Page 87]For Awarding upon Record, and making of every Writ of
• Retorn. Habend. ij s.
• Second. Deliver. ij s.
• Ca. in Wither. ij s.
• Priviledge, ij s.
• Procedendo, ij s.
• Certiorari, ij s.
• Elegit. ij s.
• Scire fac. ij s.
• Inquir. de dam. ij s.
• Ha. Cor. cum Causa, ij s.
• Duces tecum, ij s.
• Distr. Ballium, ij s.
• Distr. nuper. vic. ij s.
• Sum. & severans, ij s.
• Restitution, ij s.
• Diminution, ij s.
• Extent. ij s.
• Mittimus, ij s.
• Cap. ad Respondendum, j s.
• Exigent. j s.
• Cap. ult. j. s,
• For Recording the Appearance of every Person Arrested, ij s. iv d.
• For every special Bail, ij s. iv d.
• For Entring upon Record an In­fants Admission to his Gardian, or Procheyne Amy by the Court, ij s. iv d.
• [Page 88]For a Deed Inrolled, for every side of a Roll, v s.
• For entring every Attornies name in the Roll when he is Sworn, iij s. iv d.

The Fees of Common Recovery with a single Voucher.

• NArr. vers. tenant. ij s.
• Res. inde, ij s.
• Narr. vers. Vouch. ij s.
• Li lo. j s.
• Jud. vers. tenant. ij s. vj d.
• Jud. vers. Vonch. ij s. vj d.
• Hab. fac. seisinam, ij s. vj d.
• Entry Return, ij s.
• Exemplific. vj s. viij d.
• j l. v s. ij d. li

• [Page 89] Narr. vers. tent. ij s.
• Res. inde. ij s.
• Narr. vers. vouch. ij s.
• Res. inde. ij s.
• Narr. vers. 2. vouch. ij s.
• Res. inde. ij s.
• Li. lo. 1 s.
• Sum. ad Warr. ij s.
• Jud. vers. tent. ij s. 6 d.
• Jud. vers. vouch. ij s. 6 d.
• Jud. vers. 2. vouch. ij s. 6 d.
• Habere fa. seisinam. ij s. 6 d.
• Entry retorn. ij s. 6 d.
• Exemplification. 6 s. 8 d.
• 1 l. 14 s. 2 d.

For receiving and recording eve­ry Fine. vj s.

• For every Prisoner that appears upon Bail for recording of appear­ance. ij s.
• For every Commitment per Court. ij s.
• [Page 90]For every non Cul. pleaded. ij s.
• For every Acquittance by Procl. or otherwise. i s. v d.
• For every Bail over. ij s.
• For every Writ.
  • De Pace. ij s.
  • De bono gestu. ij s.
  • Hab. corp. prisonarii. ij s.
  • Deliberes co. prisonarii. ij s.
  • Restitution. ij s.
  • Scire fac. ij s.
  • Excommunicat. cap. ij s.
  • Excommun. deliband. and other speciall Writs. ij s.
• For recording every Mittimus and Signific. iiij s.
• For certifying every Record for every sheet. viij d.
• Every Attachment. xij d.
• For enrowling every Pardon, according to the length xx d. a sheet. xx d.
• For certifying of every Recogni­zance. ij s.
• For every Travers to an Indict­ment. ij s.
• [Page 91]For every Recognizance to pro­secute in Travers. ij s.
• For every Ve. fa. thereupon. xiiij d. q.
• For every Hab. cor. or distr. xx d q.
• For every Non cul. thereupon by Jury. ij s.
• For every person indicted upon Trespass, that submits himself [...]o the Fine upon the Ve. fa. i s. vi d.
• Upon the Cap. ij s. vi d.
• Upon the Al. Cap. iij s. v d.
• Upon the Plur. Cap. iij s. v d.
• Upon the Exigent. vi s. v d.

Other Fees there are, which ex­perience will best inform.

• For certifying the Record. 1 l.
• Prothonotory for entring upon Record. vi s. viii d.
• Copia Record. xiij s. iiij d.
• Consil. x s.
• Pro quolibet Error. ij s. a piece.
• Feod. Attorney ij s.
• 2. 14. 0.

• [Page 92]Councel. x s.
• Writ of Restitution. iij s. vij d.
• Continuance. 1 s.
• Feod. Attorn. ij s.
• 16 s. 7 d.

Quinto die Aprilis Anno Regni Domini Jacobi Dei gratia An­gliæ, Scotiæ, Franciæ & Hiber­niæ Regis, Fidei Defensor. &c. Angliæ, Franciæ & Hiberniæ sexto, & Scotiæ quadragessimo primo.
A Rate of all and every the Fees and Duties to be received by the Pro­thonotary, and Clerk of the Crown of the Counties of Denbigh and Mountgomery, and his Clerks, as belonging to his said place and Office, assessed, rated, and appoint­ed, according to the Statute in that behalf made and provided.

• 1. FOr every Queritur. 4 d.
• 2. For every Writ upon a Queritur under 40 s. 4. d.
• 3. For every Writ upon a Queri­ [...]r, and second Writ for 40 s. and [...]ove. 6 d.
• 4. For every Writ upon a Queri­ [...]r, in Actions upon the Case. 12. d.
• 5. For every second or third [Page 94]Writ in plea of Land Ejectione firme. Trespass on the Case, and such like. 12 d.
• 6. For every Writ of View Sum. ad Warran. Sum. ad anxiliand. are such like. 12 d.
• 7. For every Venire facias under 40 s. 12 d.
• 8. For every Venire facias for 40 s and above. 14 d.
• 9. For every Venire facias in ple [...] of Land Ejectione firme, Trespass o [...] the Case, Appeals, and the like. 2 s. 4 [...]
• 10. For every Hab. corpora, Di­stringas, Alias distringas, under 40 s with a Tales. 1 s. 4 d.
• 11. For every like, in plea o [...] Land Ejectione firme, Trespass on the Case, Appeals, and such like. 2. s. 8 d
• 12. For every Petty Cape and Grand Cape. 2 s.
• 13. For every Tales de Circumsta [...] ­tibus. 2 s.
• 14. For entring every Chal­lenge. 2 s.
• 15. For joyning every Issue t [...] the Challenge. 2 s.
• 16. For entring every not Suit. 2 s.
• [Page 95]17. For entring every Verdict in Debt. 1 s.
• 18. For entring every Judgement in Debt. 1 s.
• 19. For every the like Entrees under 40 s. 6 d.
• 20. For every the like Entrees in plea of Land Ejectione firme, Ap­pleals, Trespass on the Case, and such like. 2. s.
• 21. For Adjournment of a Jury after appearance. 2. s.
• 22. For every Execution under 40 s. 4 d.
• 23. For every Execution of 40 s. and above. 6 d.
• 24. For every Writ of Seisin. 2 s.
• 25. For entring of Seisin. 6 s. 8. d.
• 26. For every Elegit. 2 s.
• 27. For every Sc. fac. Excommuni­ [...]ato Capiend. Exigent, Capias, Ʋtlegat. Writs for certifying of Matrimony or Bastardy, Supersedeas, Writs of Restitution, Procedendoes, and such like, for every of these. 2 s.
• 28. For entring every Declarati­on under 40 s. 4 d.
• 29. For the like of 40 s. and above, Trespass, Detinue, and the like. 8 d.
• [Page 96]30. For entring every Declarati­on in plea of Land Ejections firme. Trespass on the Case, and Appeals, and such like, not exceeding two sheets. 2 s.
• 31. For entring every Plea under 40 s. 4 d.
• 32. For entring every Plea for 40 s. and above, not exceeding two sheets of Paper. 1 s.
• 33. For entring every such like Plea, in plea of Land Ejectione firme, and Trespass on the Case, and such like. 2 s.
• 34. For entring, filing, and en­rolling in parchment of all Writs, Declarations, Answers, and every other Plea, if the Copy thereof be above two sheets of paper, as Copies are usually written in his Majesties Court of Common Pleas or Kings Bench, then for such sheet of paper 12 d. and after that rate. 1 s.
• 35. For entring the Tenants de­mand of View. ij s.
• 36. For every Habear corpora, Dl­stringas, and alias Distringas, for 40 s. and above, with a Tales i s. viij d.
• 37. For joyning every Issue in Debt under 40 s. iv d.
• [Page 97]38. For joyning every Issue in plea of Debt of 40 s. and above Trespass, Detinue, and such like. i s.
• 39. For joyning every Issue in plea of Land Ejectione firme, Trespass on the Case, Appeals, and such like. ij s.
• 40. For every Scriptum de Dom. ij s. iv d.
• 41. For entring every Warrant of Attorney. iv d.
• 42. For entring every Essoin. iv d.
• 43. For entring every Adjourn­ment unto an Essoin. ij d.
• 44. For every Rule. iv d.
• 45. For search for every Sessi­ons. iv d.
• 46. For every continuance before Issue joyned. iv d.
• 47. For every continuance in Debt after Issue joyned, for entring the same upon the plea Roll. 1 s.
• 48. For every such Entry in Plea of Land Ejectione firme, Trespass on the base Appeals, and such like, for every such Entry as aforesaid, ij s.
• 49. For entring every Imparlance in Debt. i s.
• 50. For entring every Impar­lance [Page 98]in plea of Land, Ejectione firme, Trespass on the Case, Ap­peal, and such like. ij s.
• 51. For drawing and entring eve­ry special Order. i s.
• 52. For entring every Fine with Proclamations, and for entring Kings Silver. vi s.
• 53. For the Chirograph of every Fine. ij s.
• 54. For entring and enrolling in parchment of every Recovery by consent of parties, for every Decla­ration, Plea and Judgement, 2 s. and such other Fees, as in real Acti­ons is set down and rated before. ij s.
• 55. For Exemplyfying of Fines with Proclamations. vi s.
• 56. For Exemplifying of every Recovery, or other Record what­soever, according to the length thereof, (viz.) after the rate of 1 s. a sheet as aforesaid. i s.
• 57. For certifying of every Re­cord, upon a Writ of Error, or otherwise for entring of every such Record, certified into the Protho­notaries Office, for every such 1 s. 2 sheet.
• [Page 99]58. For the reversal of every In­dictment and Judgement. ij s.
• 59. For every Copy of Writ, Declaration, or other Record, for every such sheet. viij d.
• 60. For the Prothonotaries hand to every such Copy, or any other in paper, if the said hand be desi­red. ij s.
• 61. For every Recognizance, Plege of Fine, Plege of Traverse, Plege tam de respond. quam de satis faci­endo, for every such. ij s.
• 62. For recording every appear­ance of such as are bound to an­swer. ij s.
• 63. For every prisoner discharged upon Proclamation. i s.
• 64. For every such acquitted by Jury. ij s.
• 65. And for his Plea of not Guilty. ij s.
• 66. For every Warrant of the Peace, Warrant of the good Beha­viour, or Subpæna ad testificand. for every such. ij s.
• 67. For the Prothonotaries Clerk, for the writing of every Ven­fac. 4 d.
• [Page 100]68. For their other Jury. Writ, and Writ of Execution. vi d.

• Ra. Eure.
• H. Towneshend.
• R. Lewkner.

We whose Names are subscribed, have seen these Fees before recited, for many years received and taken by James Garnons Esq late Deputy Prothonotary of the Counties afore­said, as Fees belonging unto the said Office.

• Richard Mitton.
• Robert Lloyd.
• Evan Lloyd.
• Aug. 13. 1660.

This last Copy of Fees I have writ­ten with my own hand out of the O­riginal, under the aforementioned Judges hands, viz. Sir Ralph Eur [...], Sir Richard Lewkner, and Sir Henry Towneshend, attested by the persors above-mentioned, under their hands also, viz. Richard Mitton then Secon­dary, Robert Lloyd and Evan Lloyd. then Attorneys there.

De Officin Vicecomitis in Wallia, & modo Com. tenendorum.

Vicecomes officium suum exercere debet sub hac forma: scilicet cum quis sibi conquestus fuerit de qua­cun (que) transgres. sibi facta contra pa­cem Domini Regis, sive de captione, & Injusta detentione averiorum, sive de namio vetito, aut de debito, aut de alio contractu non observato, & de consimilibus, per breve vel sine brevi: Primo capiat pleg. de prof. clam. suo vel per fidem, si fuerit pau­per: & postea faciat executionem, prout plenius declaratur hoc modo. Defendentes in quolibet casu summo­neantur, quod sint ad proximum com. respons. conquerentibus: Ad quem com. facta summonitione & te­stisicata. [Page 105]si non venerint, per consi­derationem com. iterum sum. quod sint ad alium prox. com. respons. ut prius. Ad quem com. si non vene­rint, ex tanc conquerentes per con­siderationem com. tam in placitis per brevia quam querimoniis sine brevi recuperent petitiones suas cum dam­nis suis sive emendis, tam in rebus mobilibus quam immobilibus prout actiones requirunt. Et per hujus­modi defaltis pœna secundum legem & consuetudinem Wallensicam Domi­no Regi incurratur. Et cum partes comparuerint ad placitand. utra (que) pars suam narrando veritatem admit­tatur sine occasione, & secundum petitiones respondeat, & allegeat: hinc inde per considerationem com. ad judicium pro Queren. vel Defend. procedatur: & secundum quantita­tem & qualitatem delicti puniatur. Et sciendum est, quod hoc modo de­bet com. teneri, sc. de mense in mensem, in loco ubi Dominus Rex ordinaverit, & hoc per diem Lunæ in unum com. per diem Martis in alium com. per diem Mercurii in tertium com. & per diem Jovis in quartumcom. [Page 106]& non per alios dies. Et Vicecomes ad com. suum tenendum sic procedat.

¶ In primis audiat& recipiat coram eo & coronat̄, & sectatoribus com. præsentationes feloniarum & casu­um, qui contigerint inter duos com. de morte hominis hoc modo. Quod quatuor villatæ propinquiores loco, ubi casus homicidii vel infortunii contigerit, veniant ad prox. com. una cum inventore & Wallesheria, id est parentela hominis interfecti, & ibi præsentent factum feloniæ & ca­sum infortunii, & modum utrius (que) ita pronunciando, quod tali die & tali loco contigit, notus aut igno­tus, inventus fuit occisus per feloni­am vel submersus, vel alio modo mortuus per insortunium, & talis eum invenit, qui presens est, &c. Et ista præsentatio tam in rotulo Co­ronatorum quam in rotulo Vicecom. statim irrotuletur. Et si ibi fuerit homo vel fœmina, quæ appellum se­qui voluerit, slatim recipiantur ple­gii de pros. & deducatur appellum in illo com. Ita quod si appellati com­paruerint, statim capiantur, & in prisona Domini Regis usque adven­tum [Page 107]justic. detineantur, & salvo cu­stodiantur. Et si non comparuerint, tunc ad prosecutionem appellantis exigantur de com. in com. Et si ad quartum com. non venerint, vel ma­nucapti non fuerint, utlagentur, & fœminæ weymentur: Et ad primum com. ad quem exigentur, si non comparuerint, statim eorum terræ & catalla capiantur & seisientur in manum Domini Regis, & tradantur custodiend. villatis, ut infra. Eo­dem modo procedat in appello de plaga, mahemio, raptu, incendio, & roberia contra appellatos, si non comparuerint. Et si comparuerint, & pleg. invenerint sufficientes, sex ad minus vel plures, standi recto in adventu Justic. statim replegien­tur.

Et sciendum est, quod contra ap­pellatos de vi. præcepto, missione, vel receptamento, non est proce­dend. ad utlagar. quousque de facto aliquis convincatur.

Vicecomes faciat turnum suum in singulis commotis suis, bis in anno, in aliquo certo loco ad hoc assignato: se. semel post festum sancti Michaelis, [Page 108]& semel post Pascham. Ad quem tur­num omnes libere tenentes, & alii terram tenentes, in commoto illo re­sidentes tempore summonitionis tur­num tenendi, exceptis religiosis, clericis & fœminis, ibidem venire debet. Et Vicecomes per Sacramen­tum. xii. libere tenentium de discre­tioribus, & legatoribus, vel pluri­um pro discretione sua diligenter in­quirat de capitulis coronam Domini Regis tangentibus subscriptis.

De seductoribus Domini Regis, & Regni Dominæ Reginæ, vel libe­rorum suorum, & eorum consenta­neis: De finibus: de homicidiis: de roberatoribus: de murdritoribus: de incendiariis, incendia felonice facientibus, & corum receptatori­bus, & eis consentientibus: de ma­cegrariis carnes furatas scientibus, vendentibus, & ementibus: de whittawariis scilicet quod coria bo­vina, & equina furata scienter albi­ficant, ut sic non agnoscantur: de redubbatoribus pannorum furato­rum, eos in novam formam redigen­tibus, & veterem mutantibus, ut de mantello tunicam vel super tunicam [Page 109]facientibus, & similia: de utlagatis, & illis qui regnum abjuraverunt re­versis: de his qui contra adventum. Item Just. se subtraxerint, & post iter Justic. redierint: de raptoribus vir­ginum, sanctimonialium, & matro­narum honeste viventium: de the­sauro invento: de cursu aquæ diver­so: de via obstructa, vel restricta, vel arctata: de muris, domibus, portis fossatis, & marleriis levatis & fact is intra iter publicum, ad nocumentum ipsius itineris, & periculum transe­untium: & de prædicta levantibus & facientibus: de salsariis monetæ, & sigilli Domini Regis: de malefa­ctoribus in parcis, & vivariis: de frangentibus prisonam Domini Re­gis: de capientibus columbas vo­lantes de columbat: de facientibus poundbreche, hoc est de fractoribus parcorum in quibus animalia imper­cantur: de forstali, hoc est de re­cussu averiorum: de hampsonkne, hoc est de invasione domorum: de thefbote, hoc est de emenda furti capta sine consideratione curiæ Do­mini Regis, de imprisonantibus libe­ros quoscunque, de usurariis de amo­veribus, [Page 110]vel corrumpentibus divisas, de assisa panis & servisiæ non obser­vata, & de eam infringentibus. de bussellis galonibus & aliis mensuris injustis & per ea vendentibus. De ul­nis & ponderibus injustis, & per ea vendentibus, de hospitantibus igno­tos ultra duas noctes: de sanguine effuso, de hutesio levato, de tonden­tibus multones noctanter in ovilibus, & eos excoriantibus, vel etiam alia animalia, de capientibus & colligen­tibus noctanter blada in autumno, & ea asportantibus, & de omnibus hu­jusmodi malefactoribus.

¶ Inquiratur etiam de juribus Do­mini Regis subtractis, ut de custodiis, Wardis maritagiis, releviis, feodis, advocationibus Ecclesiarum, si quæ fuerint, sectis commitatum & com­motorum, quis ea subtraxit, & à quo tempore, & de his qui sibi appropria­verint jura regalia absque warranto, ut furcas emendas, assisæ panis & ser­visiæ fractæ, placitum de vetito na­mio, & alia hujusmodi jura, quæ ad prærogativam pertinent & coronam. Domini Regis.

¶ Vicecomes aut in visu & turno [Page 111]suo faciendo statim in principio con­venire faciat coram eo omnes totius commoti, & eos jurace faciat, quod verum presentabunt. xij juratoribus vel pluribus per vicecom. electis, & nullum verum celabunt, vel aliquod falsum dicent de his, de quibus ab eis inquiretur ex parte Domini Regis. Et facto sacramento, exponant eis capitula suprascripta, & injungant eis, quæ de singulis diligenter veri­tatem inquirant, Et si quos invene­rint, qui ob eorum malefactum vitam amittere debeant vel membra, eorum nomina in secretis vic. intiment, ne forte hujusmodi indictati, li presen­tes essent in turno, affugerent, li in publico indictarentur. De cæteris autem articulis bene poterunt palam & publice respondere & veredictum suum reddere, & tunc dictatur eis quod singuli seorsum vadant, & tra­ctent diligenter & inquirant de his, quæ eis sunt injuncta: Et cum bene certiorati suerint, redeant, veredi­ctum suum reddant & presentent.

¶ Vicecomes vero in veredictis & recognitionibus admittend. non que­rat actiones verfus presentantes, nec [Page 112]capiat ab eis fines, per sic quæ non occasionentur. Recepto autem vere­dicto seu præsentatione præsentan­tium, Vicecomes statim, vel quam cito poterit, indictos de maleficiis, quo­rum pœna est mors, vel amissio mem­brorum, capiat, & in prisona deti­neat, vel per plegios dimittat suffi­cientes. Et de cæteris capitulis se­cundum quod inquisierit statim fiat correctio & debita executio in omni­bus & singulis supradictis.

Ballivi autem commotorum de cæ­tero teneant commotos suos, & ju­stitiam faciant & exerceant inter liti­gantes.

¶ De officio coronatorum, vide­licet de placitis coronæ in partibus Walliæ provisum est, quod in quolibet com. Wall. si un us coronator ad minus per breve Domini Regis in forma inter cætera brevia regia subsequent. contenta, qui in pleno com. eliga­tur, & coram Vic. ibidem fac. sacram. quod erit fidelis Domino Regi, quod fideliter faciet & exequet. omnia quæ ad officium coronatoris perti­nent. Eritque officium ejus, quod sta­cim postquam ab aliquo fuerit requi­situs [Page 113]veniendi ad mortuum interfe­ctum per feloniam, vel subversum, aut quocunque alio modo mortuum per infortunium, & etiam ad viend. hominem enormiter vulneratum, de cujus vita desperatur, quod statim mandabit Vic. vel ballivo commoti, quod ven. fac. coram eo certis die & loco oc. xij. annorum & ultra de villa illa, in qua casus contigerit, & de quatuor villatis propinquioribus: & quod per eorum sacram. fideliter caute & secrete ac diligenter inqui­ret de felonia, de felonibus, & eo­rum catallis, similiter de facto & de modo facti videlicet quis fuerit cul­pabilis de facto, quis de vi, & cujus­modi vi quis de præcepto seu missi­one, quis etiam de receptamento post factum, & de catallis eorundem hu­jusmodi qui per inquisitionem inde culpabiles inventi fuerint. Inquirat etiam quis interfectum primo inve­nerit, & nomen ejus irrotuletur, & attachietur per pleg. quorum nomi­na irrotulentur veniendi ad prox. commotum, & etiam coram Justic in adventu suo. Et quæ facta inquisi­tione illa eam statim distincte & a­perte [Page 114]irrotulari fac. una cum nomi­nibus eorundem, quæ inventi fuerint culpabiles & corum catallis, & quæ nomina scripta vic. si præsens fuerit, vel ballivo commoti liberabit secrete præcipiendo ex parte Domini Regis, quod corpora eorum statim capian­tur, & in prisona Domini Regis sal­vo custodiantur, donec inde stete­rint recto in cur. Domini Regis. Et quod catalla eorundem fideliter ap­preciari fac. & tam catalla particu­lariter quam precium eorundem, in rotulo suo ponet, & eadem catalla per visum vic. vel ballivi, & aliorum fidelium Domini Regis, qui inter­fuerint singulis villatis, in quibus catalla prædicta inventa fuerint, in­terim liberari fac. ut in adventu Ju­stic. fideliter inde Domino Regi re­spondeant.

¶ Coronator vero cum fecerit in­quisitionem super mortuum, inter­roget Walesheriam, scilicet parente­lam interfecti: Et si quis ex parte patris, & alius ex parte matris appa­ruerint, dicendo, quod fuit de pa­rentela sua, & hoc per fideles Regis presentes testificatum fuerit, nomina [Page 115]eorum in rotulo suo statim irrotu­lari fac. Si autem nullus de paren­tela comparuerint, irrotuletur simi­liter in rotulo quod nullus compa­ret, ut Justic. in adventu suo evi­dentius facere possit, quod in hac parte fuerit faciendum. Coronator etiam diligenter inquirat casum in­fortunii & modum & secundum quod invenerit per inquisitionem distincte irrot. fac. Inquirat etiam de inven­tore & nomen ejus irrotulari fac. ut supra.

¶ Præterea cum latro vel homici­da, seu alius malefactor fugerit ad Ecclesiam, coronator quæ cito con­stiterit sibi, mandet ballivo Domini Regis illius commoti, quod certo die venire faciat coram eo probos & le­gales homines de visu. & in præ­sentia eorum facta recognitione felo­niæ, fieri fac. abjurationem hoc mo­do, quod felo duc. usque ad portam Ecclesiæ & assignetur ei portus per coronatorem, & ex tunc abjuret Regnum, & secundum quod assigna­bitur ei portus propinquus vel remo­tus præligatur ei terminus exeundi Regnum prædict. Ita quod in eundo [Page 116]versus portum illum deferens quan­dam crucem in manu sua, non decli­net à via regali ullo modo scilicet à dextris nec à sinistris, sed semper eam teneat, quousque regnum exi­erit.

¶ Forma brevinm orig. plac. in Wall.

¶ Bre. de No. diss. de libero ten. de quo quis liber homo injuste & sine judicio fuerit disseisitus. Rex Vic. Anglisci salutem. Questus est nobis A. quod B. & C. injuste, &c. diss­eum de libero ten. suo de N. post pa­cem nostram in Wall. proclam. An. Regni nostri. xi. Et ideo tibi præ­cipimus, quod si prædictus A. fece. rit te, &c. tune fac. ten. illud de catallis, quæ in ipso capta fuerunt, & ipsum ten. cum eatallis esse in pace usque ad certum diem, q. Justic. nostri tibi scire fac. Et interim fac. xii. liberos & leg. homines de vis. sum illo videre ten. illud, & nomina eorum inbreviari. Et sum. eos per bonos sum. quod tunc sint coram præfatis Justic. nostris parati inde fac. recognic. Et pone per vad. & [Page 117]salvos pleg. prædictos B. & C. vel ballivos suos, si ipsi inventi non fue­rint, quod tunc sint ibi aud. illam recogn. Et habeas ibi sum. nomina pleg. & hoc bre. Dat. apud Kerner­van, vel alibi, tali die & tali anno.

¶ De no. disseisina de communia pastu­ra fiat breve sic.

¶ Questus est nobis A. quod B. & C. injuste, &c. disseis. eum de com­munia pasturæ suæ in N. quod perti­net ad liberum ten. suum in eadem villa, vel in alia, si casus hoc velit, post pacem, &c. Et ideo tibi præ­cipimus, quod si prædictus A. fecerit te, &c. tunc fac. xii. liberos, &c. videre pasturam illam & ten. & no­mina eorum inbreviari. Et sum. eos per bonos sum. quod tunc sint coram Justic. &c. parati inde facer. recogn. Et pone, &c. prædictos B & C. vel ballivos suos, si ipsi in­venti non fuerint, quod tunc sint ibi aud. illam recogn. Et habeas ibi, &c. Dat, &c. vel sic. Questus est nobis A. quod B. &c. levavit vel prostravit quandam septem, vel [Page 118]quoddam fossatum, vel obstruxit, vel arctavit quandam viam, vel divertit cursum cujusdam aquæ, vel levavit, vel prostravit, vel exaltavit quoddam stagnum in N. ad nocumentum libe­ri tenementi sui in eadem villa, vel in alia si casus sit, post pacem nostram in Wall, &c. Et ideo tibi præcipi­mus, quod si prædictus A. fecerit, &c. tunc fac. xii. &c. videre sepem illam, vel fossatum illud, vel viam illam, vel cursum illius aquæ, vel stagnum illud & ten. & nomina eo­rum inbreviari. Et sum. eos, &c. quod sint coram Justic. nostr. &c. Et pone, &c. prædictum B. vel bal­livum, &c. quod sit, &c. Et habe­as, &c. Dat, &c. Et mutentur formæ brevium secundum diversita­tem casuum.

¶ Breve de morte antecessoris.

¶ Rex Vic. salutem. Si A. fece­rit te secur. &c. tune sum. per bono [...] sum. xii. liberos. & leg. homines de vis. de N. quod sint coram Justic. nost. &c. parati sacr. recognoscere, si B. pater prædicti A. fuit seisitus in [Page 119]Dominico suo ut de feodo, de mane­rio tali cum pertin. vel de tanto terræ cum pertin. in N. die quo obiit, & si obiit post pacem nostram in Wallia proclamatam, Anno Regni nostri undecimo. Et si idem A. propin­quior hæres ejus sit. Et interim ma­nerium illud, vel terram illam vide­ant, & nomina eorum inbreviari fac. Et sum. per bonos sum. B. quod ma­nerium illud, vel terram illam tenet, quod tune sit ibi aud. illam recogn. & habeas ibi sum. & hoc bre. Et fiant brevia patentia sub his verbis, quousque Dominus Rex aliud inde ordinaverit.

¶ Rex Justic. suo salutem. Sciatis quod constituimus vos Justic. nostros una cum his, quos vobis assoc, ad assisas no. dis. & mortis antec. in par­tibus Walliæ capiend. Et ideo vobis mandamus, quod ad certos dies & loca, quos ad hoc provideritis, assi­sas illas capiatis. Factur. inde, quod ad Justic. pertinet secundum legem & consuetudinem Regni nostri. Sal­vis nobis amerciamentis, & aliis ad nos inde spectantibus. Mandavimus enim Vicecomitibus nostris, quod [Page 120]ad certos dies & loca, quos eis scire fac. assisas illas coram vobis ven. fac. In cujus rei test. has litteras nostras fier. sec. patent. Dat, &c. Et fiat bre. clausum dirigend. vic. sub hac forma.

¶ Rex Vic. salutem. Præcipi­mus tibi, quod omnes assisas no. diss. & mortis anteces. coram Justic. nostro arraniatas per brevia nostra venire fac. coram eodem Justic. ad certos dies & loca, quos tibi scire fac. cum brevibus origin. & omnibus aliis adminiculis dictas assisas con­tingentibus, & hoc bre. Dat, &c. Et mutet. forma brevis secundum diversitatem casuum vid. si pater vel mater, frater vel soror, avunculus vel amita fuit seisitus in Dominico suo, ut de feod. de repetita per viam mortis anteces. die quo obiit. Et quum plures coher. participes unius hered. petunt ipsam her. videlicet quando unus eorum petit de mor [...] patris vel matris, fratris vel sororis, avunculi vel amitæ, & alius vel alii ex ipsis coher. petunt de mort. avi sui vel aviæ suæ vel consanguineæ suæ, fiat eis bre. mortis anteces, in casu­suo, [Page 121]quia illa pars dicti brevis, quæ tangit naturam mortis anteces. juxta articulum inde usitatum attra­hit ad se naturam aliorum articulo­rum tangentium coheredes in gradi­bus remotioribus.

¶ Breve commune quod in aliquo casu tangit jus, & in aliquo possessionem.

¶ Rex Vic. salutem Præc. A. quod juste, &c. reddat B. maner. de N. cum pertin. quod prædictus A. ei deforciat, ut dicit. Et nisi fecerit, & prædictus B. fec. te secur. &c. tunc sum. &c. prædictum A. quod sit coram Justic. ostens. quare non fece­rit. Et habeas ibi sum. & hoc bre. Dat. &c. Vel sic. Præc. A. quod juste, &c. reddat B. tantum terræ cum pertin. in N. ut supra. Et si­militer conced. istud bre. coram Justic. de banco, si petens voluerit.

¶ Breve de dote in Wallia.

¶ Rex Vic. salutem. Præc. A. quod juste, &c. reddat B. quam fuit uxor C. rationabilem dotem suam, [Page 122]quæ eam contingit de libero ten. quod fuit prædicti C. quondam viri sui in N. unde nihil habet, ut dicit; & unde queritur, quod prædictus A. ei deforceat. Et nisi fecerit, & præ­dicta B. fec. te secur. de clam. suo pros. tunc sum. &c. prædictum A. quod sit coram Justic. nostro, &c. ostens. quare non fecit. Et habeas ibi, &c. Dat. &c. Et mutetur for­ma brevis secundum diversitates ca­suum, videlicet si mulier dotata fue­rit ad hostium Ecclesiæ de assensu & voluntate patris, vel alterius ante­cessoris, cujus hæres esse poterit, vel esse debet.

¶ Breve de Debito.

¶ Rex Vic. salutem. Præc. A quod juste, &c. reddat B. cent. solidos, quos ei debet, & injuste detinet, ut dicit. Et nisi fecerit, & prædictus B. fecerit te secur. de clam. &c. tune sum. &c. prædictum A. quod sit co­ram Justic. nostro, ostens. quare non fecerit. Et habeas ibi sum. & hoc breve Dat. &c. Et si catalla vel sac­ci lanæ exigantur, fiat eis breve sub­scriptum.

¶ Rex Vic. sal. Præc. A. quod juste, &c. reddat B. unum sacc. lanæ precii decem mercarum, quem ei in­juste detinet: Vel eatalla ad valen­ciam. x. mercarum, quæ ei injuste detinet, ut dicit. Et nisi fecerit. &c. ut supra. Et fiant formulæ consimilis brevis secundum ostensiones peten­tium, & diversitates casuum. Et non fiant hujusmodi brevia coram Justic. plac. de minori summa, quam xl. s. sed placita de debito, quæ summam xl. s. non attingunt, in com. placi­tentur, & in commoto similiter. Et si forte petens placitare voluerit de hujusmodi in com. tunc fiat ei tale breve, quod vocatur Justicies.

¶ Rex Vic. salutem. Præcipimus tibi, quam Justicies A. quod injuste. &c. reddat B. cent. solidos, quos ei debet, ut dicit, sicut rationabiliter monstrare poterit, quod ei reddere debeat. Ne amplius inde clam. aud. per defectum Justitiæ. Dat. &c. vel lic. Quod reddat B. unum faccum lanæ precii. x. mercarum, vel catalla ad valentiam. x. mercarum, quæ ei injuste detinet, ut dicit. Sicut ratio­nabiliter. &c. Ne amplius. &c. Dat. [Page 124] &c. Et fiat inde Pone, si petatur, sub hac forma.

¶ Rex Vic. salutem. Pone ad petitionem petentis coram Justic. &c. tali die loquelam quæ est in com. tuo per brev. nostr. inter A. & B. de debito centum solidorum, quod idem A. à præfato B. exigit. Et sum. per bonos sum. prædictum B. quod tunc sit ibi præfato A. inde responsurus. Et habeas ibi. &c. Dat. &c.

¶ Breve de Conventione.

¶ Præcipe A. quod injuste. &c. teneat B. conventionem inter eos factam de uno messuagio cum x. acris terræ & v. acris bosci cum pertin. in N. Et nisi secerit. &c. tunc sum. &c. prædictum A. quod sit. &c. ostens. &c. Dat. &c. Et fiant conventiones secundum voluntates contrahentium & diversitates casuum, sive coram Justic. vel in com. juxta petentium voluntatem. Et si voluerint placita­re, fiat eis breve quod vocatur Justi­tias, & postmodum inde fieri poterit pone, si petatur.

¶ Forma brevis de Atturn.

¶ Rex Vic. salutem. Sciatis quod A. atturnavit coram nobis loco suo B. & C. ad lucrand. vel perdend. in loquela quia est in com. tuo per breve nostr. inter ipsum A. peten­tem, & D. tenentem, de uno messu­agio cum pertin. in N. Et ideo tibi præcipimus, quod prædictus B & C. vel alterum ipsorum, si ambo inter­esse non possint, loco ipsius A. ad hoc recipias. Dat. &c. Eodem modo fiant brevia de atturn in aliis casibus secundum diversitatem casuum & formam brevium.

¶ Forma brevis de Coron. eligendo.

¶ Rex Vic. salutem. Præcipimus tibi, quod in pleno com. tuo, de assensu ejusdem com. eligi fac. unum Coronatorem, qui præstito Sacra­mento, prout moris est, extunc ea fac. & conservet, quæ ad officium Coronatoris pertinent in com. præ­dicto. Et talem eum eligi fac. quia melius sciat & possit officio illi inten­dere. [Page 126]Et nomen ejus nobis scire faci­as. Dat. &c. Et si ipse infirmetur, vel moriatur, vel ob aliquam aliam causam officio illi intendere nequie­rit: tunc fiat illud breve, mutatis mutandis.

¶ Placitorum quadam habent terminari per assisam, & quædam per juratas.

¶ Per assisam habent terminari cum quibus seisitus de liber. ten. postea per vim dissesitus petit seisinam sibi restitui: & in hoc casu provisum est bre. de nova disseisina in forma inter alia brevia originalia Cancella­riæ subscripta. Similiter de commu­nia pasturesve pertinente ad liberum tenementum suum petat seisinam sibi restitui: & in hoc casu providetur idem breve de nova disseisina per mu­tationes quorundam verborum in forma inter alia brevia originalia Cancellariæ subscripta. In quibus brevibus sic est procedendum. Primo receptis à quærente duobus plegiis de præc. Vic. fac. eliger. xij. liber. & leg. &c. de vis. ubi ten. vel pastur. existit, & fac. eo, videre ten. & [Page 127]similiter pasturam, & attachiet dis­seisitores, prout continent in brevi. Postea cum partes & assisa venerint coram Justic. quæratur à quærente de quo libero tenemento, vel de qua communia pasturæ quæritur disseisiri, & secundum ejus quærimoniam & responsionem partis adversæ, proce­datur ad captionem assisæ, nisi dissei­situs aliquid sciat dicere, quare assisa debeat remanere. Et si assisa fac. pro quærente, recuperet quæ­rens seisinam suam simul cum damnis taxatis per assisam versus disseisito­rem. Et disseisitor remaneat in mis. Domini Reg. vel committatur gaole redimendus, si disseisina facta fuerit enormiter & vi & armis.

¶ Sunt quædam alia brevia, quia per ass. habent terminari, videlicet de stagno levato, prostrato, exaltato, de fossato levato, vel prostrato, sæpe levata vel prostrata, de via obstructa vel arctata, de cursu aquæ diverso. Et secundum diversitatem casunm diversificent brevia originalia: quæ quidem brevia, cum brevibus de no. diss. superius continentur, & eodem modo sicut supradictum est in brevi [Page 128]de libero ten. & de communia pastu­ræ, est procedend. in eisdem.

¶ In supradictis brevibus ass. no. diss. nullum jacet essonium seu dila­tio, sed prima die procedat ad justi­tiam fac. Aliud est brev. assisarum, quando aliquispetit seisinam ten. unde antecessor suus obiit seisitus, videli­cet, pater, mater, frater, soror, avunculus, aut amita, in quo casu provisum est breve mortis antecess. in forma inter cætera brevia originalia superius contenta.

¶ Contingit etiam aliquando, quod petitur seisina antec. in casu quando antecessor non obiit seisitus, sed fuit seisitus die quo habitum religionis suscepit, vel iter peregrinationis arripuit, in quo itiner. obiit. Pona­tur dies, quo habit. religionis susce­pit, vel iter peregrinat. &c. in quo itinere, &c. Et li itur. &c. In isto brevi mortis antec. sic est procedend. Primo inventis pleg. de pros. & ass. electa, & visu facto à juratoribus, summoneatur tenens per duos bonos & leg. sum. quod sit coram Justic. ad certum diem, &c. & contineat sum­monitio. xv. dies, ad quem diem si [Page 129]venerit. procedat Justic. in suo offi­cio exequendo. Et si ad alium diem non venerit, puniatur, pro defalta sua secundum quod continet. in lege Wallensica, videlicet per tres vaccas, vel per precium earundem: & re­summoneatur per alios duos sum sum­monitione similiter continente spaci­um. xv. dierum, sicut prædictum est, ad quem diem sive venerit, sive non, procedatur ad judicium, vel proce­dat Justic. ad officium suum faciend. nisi fecerit se essoniari de ultra mare: & tunc dabitur ei spacium. xl. die­rum, ut possit habere cb & flode. Sed caveat sibi, qui se sic essoniat, quod si existens infra quatuor maria de ultra mare falso se essoniaverit, & super hoc convincat. per bonam pro­bationem, vel per bonam inquisitio­nem, puniatur, tanquam pro defal­ta, primo per mis. secundum quod continetur in lege Wallensica, & præ­cludatur ei via aliquid dicendi contra assisam nisi vocare possit ad war­rantum.

¶ Et sciendum, quod nec in brevi mortis antec. nec in aliquo brevi de placito terræ jacet aliquod esson. [Page 130]nisi tamen esson. de ultra mare, & hoc antequam tenens vel deforcians appareat in cur. & esson. de servitio Domini Regis, quod jacet in omni lco placiti, quum Rex illud war. voluerit. Sed caveat sibi quod non falso fac. se esson. de servitio Domini Regis. Quia si deficiat de warranto Regis, puniet. pro defaltis per mis. Domino Regi dandam secundum legem Wallensicam, & versus partem adversam de expensis sibi refundendis de illa jorneta secundum discretionem Justic.

¶ In istis brevibus mortis antec. sic est procedendum. Lecto primo brevi, in quo continent. petito pe­tentis, quæratur à defore. si quid sciat dicere, quare assisa debeat re­manere, quod si nesciat, capiat Justic. ass. per juratores, quia melius sciant veritatem, secundum formam brevis. Et si assisa transeat pro pe­tente, adjudicet. petenti seisina cum damnis taxatis per juratores, & re­maneat deforcians in mis. Domini Regis. Multa quidem potest defor­ciator dicere contra assisam. Potest enim vocare ad warrantum, & tunc [Page 131]expectandus est adventus warranti, quem Justic. faciat venire primo per unam summonitionem, & si necesse sit per resum. sicut dictum est de prin­cipale deforciante, & pro defalta puniatur sicut dictum est. Post resum. si nondum venerit, nec se essonave­rit, procedat assisa versus eam per defaltam. Et si assisa transeat pro petente, adjudicetur petenti seisina rei petitæ, & defendens habeat de terra warranti ad valentiam. Et si warrantus venerit, & petat sibi osten­di, per quod debeat warrantizare. oportet, quod vocator ostendar cartam, quæ faciat mentionem de warrantia vel de dono facto à war­ranto, vel antecessore suo, cujus hæres ipse est: in quo fiat mentio, quod de deforciatore & hærede tenere debeat: Vel quod ostendat, quod warrantus sit seisitus de homagio suo pro ten petito, quod habet inquiri, si dedicat. per eos, in quorum præ­sentia dicet se fecisse hom simul cum aliis liberis & leg. hominibus juratis; Vel quod teneat ten. illud in excam­bio pro alio ten. si per ista poterit defore, dacer. warr. suum ad warr­remanebit [Page 132]in mis. Domini Regis, quia dedixit warr. & nihilominus considerabit, quod warr. & respon. deat ad assisam, si voluerit. Multa alia potest deforciator dicere contra ass. videlicet quod antecessor, de cujus morte, &c. fecit feloniam, pro qua suit suspensus, & utlagatus, vel tanquam publicus latro fugiens & juri non parens decaptatus, vel si consitens feloniam coram Coronat: Walliam abjuravit.

¶ Potest etiam deforcians obicere petenti bastardiam, & tunc mandet Episc. loci, quod rei veritatem super hoc inquirat, & certificet inde capi­talem Justic. Wall. Et secundum quod Episcopus certificavit, proce­dat ad judicium sine captione assisæ. Et si Episcopus mandet, quod bastar­dus est præcludat omni via petendi. Et si mandet, quod legitimus est, Justic. fac. venire deforc. per sum. & si necesse sit per resum. reservata Regi mis pro defalta. Et sæpe dictum est, post resum. sive ven. sive non recuperabit petens demandam suam per testim. Episcopi: cujus testim. non creditur in contrarium, & re­manebit [Page 133]in mis. Regis. Multa alia potest deforcians dicere, quod diffi­cile esset enumerare: sicut antecessor, de cujus seisina ass. arraniata est, suit villanus, & terram tenuit in villen. vel quod tenuit ad voluntatem, vel ad terminum vitæ, vel annorum. In quibus casibus ass. mortis antec. non jacet. Non debent autem supradictæ ass. no. diss. & mortis antec. capi, nisi in propriis com. ne propria laboribus & expensis fatigetur: sed per Justic. capiantur assisæ bis, ter, vel quater in anno.

Dictum in parte de brevibus ass. & de processu eorundem, modo dicen­dum est de placitis, quæ terminari habent per inquisitionem seu per ju­ratam: quorum quædam sunt de re­bus immobilibus, sicut de ten. sive de mobilibus, sicut de debitis & catall. quædam de utrisque, sicut de trans­gressione. Sed primo de ten: & im­mobilibus aliquid est dicendum, de quibus provisum est breve, cujus for­ma inter cætera brevia partium illa­rum continetur. Processus istius brevis est talis. Primo inventis pleg. de pros. Vic. fac. sum. per bonos [Page 134]sum. ten. quod sit ad certum diem, ad quem si non venerit, fiat alia summonitio ad alium diem: Et si ad secundum diem non venerit, summo­neatur, quod sit ad certum diem: ad quem si non venerit, nec se essoni­ari secerit, adjudicabitur petenti seisina per defaltam, & deforcians remanebit in misericordia Regis, reservata Regi misericord. pro qua­libet defalta, sicut prædict. est.

¶ Cum vero deforcians compar. quia per verba brevis non potest sciri petitio petentis, eo quod multæ, & quasi infinitæ sunt rationes petendi, necesse habet ille, qui petit, quod narret versus deforciantem, & ex­primat rationem petitionis suæ, & hoc per verba veritatem continentia, sine calumnia verborum non servata illa consuetudine: Qui cadit à sylla­ba, cadit à tota caussa.

¶ De rationibus petendi quales sint & esse debeant, expedit quod aliquid sub brevitate dicat. Multoti­es habet petens jus, per hoc quod an­recessor suus tenuit terram & fuit sei­situs, ut de jure & de feodo, & tunc necesse habet petens narrar. descen­sum [Page 135]parentele descendendo ad ipsum. Contingit etiam, quod aliquis di­mittit terram suam ad terminum vitæ vel annorum, post quem terminum, ad ipsum vel ad heredes suos terra debet reverti, vel etiam debet ad ipsum reverti post mortem mulieris tenentis in dotem vel tanquam escæta post mortem tenentis sui felonis. In quatuor casibus prædictis, vel post mortem alicujus debet terra remane­re alii per formam donationis. In istis casibus & similibus exprimat petens petitionem suam secundum casum suum. Et in casibus illis & consimilibus, quibus utendum brevi prædicto, illo, & non alio utatur: & audita ratione petentis, habeat tenens visum terræ, si petat: & det, dies: infra quem fiat, visus. Et ad diem datum post visum respondeat deforcians, qui vocare poterit ad warrantum per auxilium cur. sicut dictum est in brevi mortis antec. Et justic. fac. venire warrantum, sicut venire fecit principalem deforc. per unam summonitionem, & si ne­cesse sit per secundam & tertiam, ad quam si non venerit, puniatur: tamen [Page 136]pro qualibet defalta (ut prædictum est) adjudicabit petenti seisina rei petitæ per defaltam warranti, & de­forcians habeat de terra warranti ad valentiam, & warrantus sit in mis. Si warrantus venerit, & gratis war­rantizaverit recipiet ad responsionem & placiti defensionem sine visu terræ habendo. Si autem warrantizare de­dixerit, deducatur placitum de war­rantia inter eos, secundum quod dictum est supra in brevi mortis antec. Si autem deforcians excipiat contra petentem, quod antecess. suns, de cujus seisina petit, vel aliquis in de­scendendo fuit bastardus: ita quod ab ipso, vel per medium ipsius nihil potest ei descendere, audiatur, vel ostendat cartam antecessoris sui de feoffamento, vel alicujus in descen­dendo de quieta clamantia: & per unius partis affirmationem & alterius negationem descendant partes ad leg. inquisitionem, & per veredictum inquisic. terminet placitum: quia placita de terris in partibus istis non habent terminari per duellum, neque per magnam assisam. Eodem modo si excipiat, quod antecessor vel ali­quis [Page 137]in descendendo commisit feloni­am, per quam sibi non competit actio: In quo casu si ille, cui hoc opponitur, neget: potius habet ne­gotium terminari per recordum Justic. vel per inquis. patriæ: De suspensione & de-captione, & etiam per recordum Coronatorum de utla­garia & abjuratione. Similiter in petitione ten. quod debet reverti post terminum præteritum, vel per mo­dum donationis per affirmationem unius partis, & per negationem al­terius descendatur ad inquisic. patriæ: & per veredictum ejus adjudicetur.

¶ De articulo alio sc. de mobili­bus debitis sive catallis est dicendum. Super quo provisum est breve de de­bito in forma præscripta. In hoc bre. sic est procedendum. Primo in­ventis pleg: de pros. summoneat. debi­tor sive reus, quod sit coram Just. ad certum diem, ad quem si non ve­nerit, nec se essoniaverit, adjudicet debitum petenti per defaltam simul cum damnis per discretionem Justic. vel per inquisitionem patriæ pro vo­luntate Justic & debitor remaneat in mis. Domini Regis, reservata semper [Page 136] [...] [Page 137] [...] [Page 138]Regi mis. pro qualibet defalta. Si vero debitor venerit, necesse habet actor exprimere petitionem & ratio­nem suæ petitionis, videlicet quod tenet ei in centum marcis, quas sibi accommodavit, cujus solutionis dies præteriit, vel pro terra, vel pro equo, vel pro aliis rebus seu catallis quibuscunque sibi venditis: vel pro arreragiis redditus non soluti prove­mentis de ten. vel de aliis contracti­bus super quibus necesse habet produ­cere sectam vel cartam obligationis, vel talliam oftendere. Audita & in­tellecta petitione, & etiam ratione petentis, respondeat debitor: quia si recognoscat adjudicetur & levatur de terris & catallis, &c. Si neget debitum, & proferat contra eum ob­ligatio sua oportet scriptum verifica­ri per testes nominatos in oblig. si sint superstites simul cum patria. Et si non sint testes nominati vel si fuerint mortui, verificetur solummodo per patriam: & secundum veredictum patriæ procedatur ad judicium. Si quærens non babet obligationem, sed tantummodo producat sectam vel talliam, poterit pars adversa often­dere [Page 139]se ei in nullo teneri, & hoc de­fendere per legem, scilicet per pro­prium Sacramentum cum xij. secum jurantibus, vel per patriam, prout eligere voluerit.

¶ Contingit aliquis, quod debi­tor confitetur, quod aliquis debuit ei debitum, & allegat solutionem: tunc oportet oftendere quietantiam de solutione. Vel potuit petens de­fendere per legem, se nihil recipisse, vel etiam per patriam, &c. Istud bre. de debito non concedat de mino­re summa quam xl. s. quia de minori debito placitant in com. sine brevi, & per bre.

¶ De tertio articulo, in quo pro­visum est breve de Conventione, per quod aliquando petuntur mobilia, aliqua immobilia per vim conventio­nis initæ inter partes, quæ legi dero­gat. Proceslus istius brevis est talis. Inventis pleg. de pros. summonebie reus semel, & si necesse sit secundo. Et si ad secundam sum. non venerit, nec se essoniaverit: audiatur & ratio petentis, & capiat res petita, si sit ten. in manum Domini Regis. Et si s [...]erit catallum: illud vel ejus valor [Page 140]capiat in manum Domini Regis, & [...]etur alius dies. Et si infra xv. dies replegiaverit rem in manum Regis captam & ad diem sibi datum venerit: admittatur ad responsionem & defen­sionem. Sin autem adjudicetur pe­tenti sua petitio per defaltam, simul cum damnis taxatis, sicut supra dici­tur in brevi de debito: & remaneant in mis. Domini Regis: salva semper Regi mis. pro qualibet defalta, ut prædicitur. Audita quærimonia pe­tentis, & ratione suæ petitionis, respondeat defendens: & per affir­mationem unius partis & negationem alterius procedi poterit ad inquisiti­onem. & per inquisitionem patriæ poterit negotium terminari. Et sci­endum est, quod per breve de Con­ventione aliqua petitur liberum ten. ut in casu quando aliquis dimittit terram alteri, reddendo inde quan­dam certam firmam, apposita condi­tione in scripto conventionis, quod nisi ei fuerit satisfactum de firma: liceat ei terram, quam dimisit, in­gredi & ten. si ille, cui terra illa fue­rit dimissa, non satisfecerit de forma: & ille, qui dimisit, non habeat po­testatem, [Page 141]secundum tenorem scripti sui ingrediendi terram, quam dimi­sit, propter potentiam sui adversarii. In hoc casu per breve de conventione recuperare debet ten. simul cum damnis. Aliquando cum conveniat in­ter aliquos, quod unus feoffabit ali­um de aliquo ten. & ad certum diem ei seisinam faciet, si post modum transtulerit illud ten. in tertiam per­sonam ipsum feoffando, cum non po­terit illud feoffamentum per priorem contractum ad effectum non perdu­ctum infirmari: Non poterit in isto casu ei, cui sit injuria per breve de conventione subveniri, nisi in hoc tantum, ut satisfaciat ei de damnis in pecunia. Et si in casu competit actio petendi ten. per breve de conventio­ne, & in casu pecuniam seu damna sive ten.

¶ Et quia infiniti sunt contractus conventionum, difficile esset facere mentionem de quolibet in speciali, sed secundum naturam cujuslibet con­ventionis per affirmationem unius partis, & negationem alterius par­tis, aut perveniet ad inquisitionem fac. superfacto negotii, aut perve­niet [Page 142]ad eognitionem scriptorum la­torum, & secundum illam cognitio­nem erit judicand. aut negabunt scripta, & tunc perveniet ad inqui­ren de confectione scriptorum per testes in scriptis nominatos, si fue­rint, simul cum propria. Quod si testes non fuerint nominati, vel eti­am mortui, tunc solummodo per patriam.

¶ De quarto articulo, videlicet de transgressionibus personalibus, de quibus provisum est, quod omnes transgressiones, de quibus damna non excedunt xl. s. placitent coram Vic. in com. sine brevi per vad. & pleg. Transg. quæ excedunt sum­ma xl. s. placitentur coram Justic. Wall. sub hac forma. Quod ante­quam Justic. eum audiat, juret quæ­rens, quod actio sua exced. valor. xl. s. & hoc facto, & pleg invento de pros. præcipiat Justic. vel ballivo, quod in brevi termino fac. venire coram eo eum, de quo fit quærimo­nia: Et audita quærimonia actoris, respondeat reus. Et cum vix in pla­cito transg. evadere poterit reus, quin defendat se per patriam, de [Page 143]consensu partium inquirat verita­tem Justic. per bonam patriam. Et inquisita veritate si invenerit reum culpabile: castiget eum per mis. vel per prisonam, vel per redentionem, & per damna læso restituenda secun­dum qualitatem & quantitatem de­licti. Ita quod castigatio illa sit aliis in exemplum, & timorem præbeat delinquendi. Et quia dictum est su­pra de consensu partium, contingere poterit, quod reus refutabit inquisi­tionem patriæ. In quo casu si actor transg. sibi factam offerat verificare per patriam, & reus patrlam refuta­verit: habeatur pro convicto, & puniatur sicut si convictus esset per patriam.

¶ Et quia mulieres hactenus non extiterant dotatæ in Wallia, Rex concedit quod dotent. Duplex est dos mulieris: una assignatio tertiæ partis totius terræ, qui fuit viri sui in vita sua, super quo fiat bre. de ra­tionabili dote, alibi in suo loco cum cæteris brevibus Wall. expressum. Processus istius brevis est talis. In­ventis pleg. de pros. sum. deforcians, quod sit ad certum diem, ad quem [Page 144]diem si non venerit, adjudicetur mu­lieri dos sua sc. tertia par &c. simul cum damnis. Si vo. defendens ve­nerit, admittitur ad responsionem sine visu terræ habendo: & format. petitione mulieris, dicat. tenenti, quod respondeat, si sciat aliquid dicere quare ipsa dotem habere non debeat: qui si nihil sciat dicere, re­cuperet mulier, ut supra.

Si forte objiciat, quare non debet dotem habere, co quod nunquam fuit talis quem ipsa vocat virum legit. ma­trim. copulata: tunc mandabit Epis­copo, quod super hoc inquirat veri­tatem, & inquisita veritate, certifi­cet Justic. Wall. Et secundum certil. Episcopi procedat ad judicium in hac forma. Si Episcopus certificet, quod non fuit legitima, præclusa erit ei via habendi dotem. Si certificet, quod fuit uxor legit. sum. tenens, quod sit ad certum diem audiendi ju­dicium suum: ad quem diem si non venerit, iterum sum. tenens, quod sit ad alium diem. Ad quem diem sive venerit sive non, nullo esson. al­locato recuperet mulier dotem suam, & damna, & sit ten. in mis. salva [Page 145]semper Regi mis. pro defaltis, Si vero objiciat, quod non debet doter habere, eo quod vir suus die quo eam desponsavit, nec unquam postea te­nuit ten. unde petit dotem in feodo: ita ut eam inde dotare poterit: hujus rei veritas solummodo per patriam est inquirenda, & per veredictum pa­triæ ad judicium erit procedend. Si objiciatur ei, quod non debet dotem habere, eo quod vir suus commisit feloniam: tunc si constiterit de felo­nia: dotem non recuperabit. Simi­liter si objiciatur ei, quod vir suus amisit terram, de qua petit dotem, per judicium, ut illam, in quo jus non habent, hoc convicto per recor­dum Justic. si dedicatur, coram qui­bus terra illa fuit amissa, vel per pa­triam, si in com. vel minore cur. fuit amissa, præclusa erit sibi via de dote habenda.

¶ Alia dos est, quando filius dotat uxorem suam de voluntate patris sui. Forma cujus brevis inter cæte­ra invenietur, cujus processus talis est. Summoneatur deforcians sicut in alio brevi de dote, & eodem modo punia­tur contumacia sicut in alio brevi de [Page 146]dote. Si vero ad diem sibi [...]datum venerit, tunc formata petitione mu­lieris respondeat. Et si dedicatur dotatio facta in dicta forma & con­sensus dotationis, & convinci pote­rit per patriam, quod vir dotavit eam ad hostium Ecclesiæ de ten. pa­tris sui, & quod pater personaliter, vel per specialem nuncium ad hoc missum consensit illi dotationi: re­cuperabit mulier dotem & damna.

¶ Sciendum est etiam, quod in utroque brevi potest tenens vocare ad warrantum per auxilium Cur. & procedetur in placito warrantiæ, sicut prædictum est. Sed est diffe­rentia in casu isto de dote & in casu superius per Præcipe, ubi terminatur modus procedendi in warrantia: Quia ibi in illo casu petens semper recuperat rem petitam, & tenens de terra warranti ad valentiam dotis petitæ. In casu de dote alio modo est, quod tenens tenebit in pace, & mulier habebit de terra warranti ad valentiam dotis petitæ, dum tamen tenens habeat de terra viri sui ad va­lentiam, unde hoc fieri possit alias vero non, De modo dotis aliter [Page 147]assignando, nihil ad præsens: quia aliter usitatum est in Wallia quam in Anglia quo ad successionem hæredi­tatis [...] eo quod hæreditas partibilis est inter hæredes masculos, & à tem­pore cujus non extiterit memoriæ partibilis extitit. Dominus Rex non vult, quod consuetudo illa abrogetur: sed quod hæreditates remaneant par­tibiles inter consimiles hæredes, sicut esse consueverunt: & fiat partitio illius sicut fieri consuevit. Hoc ex­cepto quod bastardi non habeant de cætero hæreditates, & etiam quod non habeant p. partes cum legiti­mis nec sine legitimis. Et si forte hæreditas aliqua ex tunc pro defectu hæredis masculi descendat ad legiti­mas mulieres hæredes ultimi anteces­sor. sui inde seisiti, volumus de gra­tia nostra speciali, quod eodem modo mulieres legitimæ habeant p. partes suas inde sibi in Cur. nostra assign. licet hoc sit contra consuet. Wallensi­cam ante usitatam. Et quia Wall. no­bis supplic. ut eis concedamus, quod de rebus suis immobilibus veluti de terris & ten. iuquiratur veritas per bonos & leg. homines de visneto de [Page 148]consensu partium electos, & de mobilibus sicut de contractibus, de­bitis, fidejussionibus, conventioni­bus, transgressionibus, catallis, & omnibus allis hujusmodi mobilibus uti possint lege Wallensica, qua uti consueverunt, quæ talis erat. Quod si aliquis conquereret de alio de con­tractibus vel factis in tali loco, quod posset intentio, quærentia probari per. videntes & audientes. Cumque petens per hujusmodi testes, quorum testim. reprobari non posset, proba­verit intentionem suam, recuperaret rem petitam, & condemnaretur pars adversa: & in aliis, quæ non possit probari per videntes & audientes, esset pars defendens ad purgationem suam, aliquando cum pluribus, ali­quando cum paucioribus secundum qualitatem & quantitatem rei vel facti: & in furto si furtum inven. in manu, se purg. non posset, sed pro convicto haberetur.

¶ Nos pro communi pace & quiete dicti populi nostri terræ nostræ Wall. præmissa eis concedimus. Ita tamen quod in furtis, latrociniis, incendiis, murdris, & roberiis manifestis & [Page 149]notoriis locum non habeant, nec ad ea aliquatenus se extendant: in qui­bus volumus, quod utantur legibus Angliæ, prout superius est expressum. Et ideo vobis mand. quod præmissa de cætero in omnibus firmiter observe­tis. Ita tantum quod quotiescunque, & quandocunque, & ubicunque no­bis plac. possimus prædicta statuta, & eorum partes singulas declarare, interpretari, addere, sive diminuere pro nostræ libito voluntatis, prout securitati nostræ, & terræ nostræ prædictæ viderimus expedire. In cujus rei testimonium præsentibus sigillum nostrum est appensum. Dat apud Rothelan. die dominica in medio quadragessimæ. Anno Regni no­stri xij.