IT hath been well observed by some, that those who look at a distance upon humane asfairs are apt to think that the good or bad success of them depends wholly upon the Wisdom and Conduct of those who manage them; others who look nearer into them and discern the many intervening and unforeseen accidents which often alter and disappoint the Counsels of men, are ready to attribute the events of things rather to Chance than Wisdom: but those who have made the deepest search and the strictest en­quiry, [Page 2] have most firmly believed a Divine Provi­dence Psal [...] 17, 22. which over-rules all the Counsels and Af­fairs of men; and sometimes blasts the most pro­bable designs, sometimes prospers the most un­likely attempts, to let us see that though there be many devices in mens hearts, yet the Counsel of the Lord Prov. 19. 21. that sh [...]l stand. We live in an age not over prone to admire and take notice of any remarka­ble instances of Divine Providence either in our preservation from dangers or deliverances out of them; for so great is the security of some men that they are unwilling to apprehend any danger till they fall into it, and if they escape will hard­ly believe they were ever in it; and such is the concernment of others to baffle all evidences of truth wherein their own guilt is involved, that they all agree in robbing God of the honour of his Mercy, and our selves of the comfort of his Protection. But blessed be that God who hath hitherto defeated all the secret, and subtile, and cruel designs of his and our Churches enemies; and hath given us the liberty and opportuni­ty of this day to meet together to implore the continuance of his favour and mercy towards us in the preservation of His Majesties person; for in praying for him we pray for our selves, since our own welfare doth so much depend upon His.

When we look back upon the History of this Church ever since the Reformation of it, we may ob­serve [Page 3] such a wonderful series of Divine Providence going along with it, that we have the less reason to be discouraged with present difficulties or disheartned with the fears of future dangers. What struglings did it meet with in the Birth? And although it were therein like Jacob who took hold of the heel of his Brother and at last obtained the blessing; yet the Romish party got the start like Esau, and Gen. 25. 25. came forth all red and hairy, full of blood and cru­elty; and the old Dragon cast out of his mouth a Flood of Fire to destroy our Church before it could attain to its full growth and maturity. But after it not only survived these flames, but enjoyed a firm establishment under the care and conduct of a wise and cautious Government, what restless en­deavours, what secret plots, what horrid conspi­racies, what foreign attempts, what domestick treasons were carried on during the Reign of Queen Elizabeth? And yet, which is very conside­rable, while she openly and heartily owned the Protestant Cause, it pleased God to deliver her out of all her dangers, and to give her a long and a prosperous Reign, when two of her Neighbour Princes were assasinated for not being zealous enough in the Popish Cause though they professed to own and maintain it. And it is but a very little time since you met together in this place to ce­lebrate the memory of a mighty deliverance which Both King and Kingdom, and together with [Page 4] them our Church received from that never to be forgotten conspiracy of the Gunpowder Treason in her Successors Reign. May we not then take up St. Pauls argument, and say, Who hath delivered us from so great death, and doth deliver, in whom we trust 2 Cor. 1. 10. that he will yet deliver us?

Especially if we do not fail in the performance of that duty which God expects from us in order to our own preservation, which is delivered by Sa­muel to the people of Israel, in the words of the Text,

Only fear the Lord and serve him in truth with all your heart, for consider how great things he hath done for you.

But if they would not hearken to this wise Counsel, but go on in their sins, he tells them what the fatal consequence would be, not to themselves only, but to their King too,

But if ye shall still do wickedly, ye shall be destroy­ed both ye and your King.

Which advice will appear to deserve our seri­ous consideration this day, if we either regard (1.) The Person who gave it. (2.) The Occasion of giving it. (3.) The matter contained in it.

1. The Person who gave this Counsel to the People, Samuel; a Person of great Wisdom, and long experience in Government; and therefore very able to judge concerning the proper causes of a Nations Prosperity and Ruine. The People [Page 5] had enjoyed a long and uninterrupted tranquillity while they followed his directions. They had before been miserably harassed by the inroads of the Philistins, discomfited in several battels, and at last the Ark of God it self taken by their enemies and their leaders destroyed, at which sad news Eli who had judged Israel forty years fell backwards and 1 Sam. 4. 11. v. 18. so ended his dayes: while they were under the sense of their present miseries, Samuel puts them into the most hopeful way for their deliverance, which was by a Reformation of Religion among 7. 3. them, by returning to the Lord with all their hearts, and putting away their strange Gods, and preparing their hearts unto the Lord and serving him only; and then, saith he, he will deliver you out of the hands of the Philistins. The miseries they felt and the dangers they feared made them own the true Religion with more than usual courage: Then the Children of Israel did put away v. 4. Baalim and Astaroth, and served the Lord only. But besides this, Samuel appoints a publick and so­lemn Fast of all Israel at Mizpeh; And Samuel said, v. 5. Gather all Israel to Mizpeh, and I will pray for you unto the Lord. And they gathered together to Mizpeh and v. 6. drew water and poured it out before the Lord, and fasted on that day, and said there We have sinned against the Lord. Mizpeh, a City in the confines of Judah and Ben­jamin, as Masius and others observe, was the place Mas. in Jof. 18. 21. where the States of Israel were wont to be assem­bled together upon any great and important occa­sion; [Page 6] where there was a place on purpose for them to meet in, and an Altar, and House of Prayer Drus. in Jud. 20. 1. for the publick Worship of God: and therefore it is said, Judg. 20. 1. The Children of Israel gathered together from one end of the Land to the other, unto the Lord in Mizpeh; and there the chief of all the Tribes of Israel presented themselves in the Assembly of the People of God. And therefore Samuel chooseth this as the fittest place for them to fast and pray, and confess their sins in, and to implore the Mercy of God to the Nation. We do not read in Scripture of any more publick and solemn Fast of the People of Israel kept with greater signs of true humiliation than this at Mizpeh was; for the pouring out of wa­ter was used among them either to represent their own desperate condition without Gods help, that they were as water spilt upon the ground; or the great­ness of their sorrow for their sins, and the floods of tears, which they shed for them. And to let mankind see what influence a General and seri­ous Fasting and Humiliation hath upon the wel­fare of a Nation, we find from the day of this Fast at Mizpeh the affairs of Israel began to turn for the better. For the Philistines thought they had an advantage against the Israelites by this general meeting, and hoped to surprize them while they kept their Fast in Mizpeh; and made such an in­cursion 1 Sam. 7. 7. upon them, as put them into a great con­sternation; and they came trembling to Samuel, [Page 7] praying him that he would not cease to cry unto v. 8. the Lord their God for them, that he would save them out of the hand of the Philistins. Samuel prays, the Lord hears, Israel marches out of Mizpeh, pursues the Phi­listins v. 9. and smites them; and Samuel sets up a stone of remembrance, and calls it Eben-Ezer, saying Hi­therto v. 11. hath the Lord helped us. Yea from hence for­ward v. 12. did God help them, for it follows, so the Phi­listines were subdued, and they came no more into the Coast of Israel; and the hand of the Lord was against the Phi­listins v. 13. all the dayes of Samuel. Never any People had greater reason to be pleased with a Governour than they had with Samuel; who managed their af­fairs with so much wisdom and piety, with so much faithfulness and integrity, with so much courage and constancy, with so much care and industry, with so much success and prospe­rity. But people are apt to surfeit upon too much ease and plenty, and to grow wanton with abun­dance of peace; they began to be weary of Sa­muels Government, and secretly to wish for a change. And when mens discontents grow ripe, there seldom wants a plausible occasion to vent them: Samuel was grown old and could not go about v. 16. from year to year in circuit to Bethel, and Gilgal, and Mizpeh, as he was wont to do, but he fixed at his 1 Sam. 8. 2. house in Ramah, and placed his Sons in Beersheba; these not following their Fathers steps, were soon. accused of male-administration; and nothing v. 3. [Page 8] would now satisfie the discontented Elders of Israel, but Samuel himself must be discharged of his Go­vernment; For they gathered themselves together and came to Samuel in Ramah; and said to him, Behold thou v. 4. art old, and thy Sons walk not in thy wayes; this was their pretence, but their design was to alter the v. 5. Government. Their plenty and prosperity had made them fond of the Pomp and Grandeur of their neighbour Nations, and whatever it cost them, they were resolved to have a King to judge them like all the Nations. Samuel tells them, what inconve­niencies that more absolute form of Government of the From v. 10. to v. 19. Jose. An. l. 6. c. 4. v. 19, 2c. neighbour Nations would bring among them, as Josephus shews; all which signified nothing to them; for it is said, nevertheless the people refused to obey the voice of Samuel and said, Nay, but we will have a King over us, that we also may be like all the Nations. It was not the Monarchical way of Government that was so dis­pleasing to God or Samuel; for their Government was of that Form already, God himself being their King, and appointing such Vicegerents as he thought fit to manage their affairs under him. So God an­swered ch. 12. 13. Samuel, They have not rejected thee, but they have rejected me, that I should not reign over them. Not, as 8. 7. though Kingly Government were inconsistent with Gods Sovereignty over his people; for by him Kings Reign; and they are his Ministers to us for good, and that Government is the most agreeable to his own; and to the primitive institution of Go­vernment [Page 9] among men. But wherein then lay this great sin of the Israelites in asking a King, when Deut. 17. 14. God himself had provided by his Law that they should have a King when they were setled in their own Land? And yet we find the Israelites at last confess, We have added unto all our sins this evil to ask us a King. Their great fault was, that they were 12. 19. so impetuous and violent in their desires, that they would not wait for Samuels decease whom God had raised up among them, and whose Go­vernment had been so great a blessing to them; and therefore God looked on it as a rejecting him more than Samuel, since he had appointed him; and they had no reason to lay him aside for his Sons faults, but they made use of that only as a colour for their own self-willed humour and affectation of being like to other Nations. However God commands 8. 7. Samuel to yield to them; and he appoints another meeting at Mizpeh for this purpose; where the 10. 17. Person was chosen by lot; and at his solemn in­auguration at Gilgal, Samuel makes that speech un­to 11. 15. all Israel contained in this 12th Chapter; where of the words of the Text are the conclusion; which make these words the more considerable,

2. In regard of the Occasion of them; being delivered by Samuel at so great a solemnity in which he delivers up the Government into the hands of their King, (1.) With a great protestation of his own integrity, with an appeal to their own Con­sciences 12. 3. [Page 10] concerning it, and they freely give a 4. large testimony of it. (2) He upbraids them with their ingratitude towards God time after time; that they were never contented or pleased with his Laws or the Governours he raised up From v. 6, to 14. amongst them; and now at last upon a sudden fright concerning Nahash the King of Ammon, they were resolved they would have a King; and behold, saith he, the Lord hath set a King over you. (3.) Notwith­standing their sin in so unseasonable a demand, yet he tells them they might be happy under his Go­vernment if they did sincerely keep to their establish­ed Religion and obey the Laws of God. This he delivers,

(1.) More Generally, vers. 14, 15. If ye will fear the Lord and serve him, and obey his voice, and not rebel against the Commandment of the Lord, then shall both ye and also the King that reigneth over you, continue follow­ing the Lord your God; i. e. God will protect and de­fend you. But if you will not obey the voyce of the Lord, but rebel against the Commandment of the Lord, then shall the hand of the Lord be against you, as it was against your Fathers. But this being a matter of the greatest consequence to them, whereon the welfare of the Nation did depend, he delivers it

(2.) More Emphatically; after the Thunder and Rain had affrightned and softned their hearts; and they came praying to Samuel and confessing their v. 18, 19. v. 20, 21. sin to him; then he counsels them not to fear, if they did not forsake God; and for his part, however [Page 11] they had disobliged him, he would not only con­tinue v. 23. to pray for them, but give them the best ad­vice and directions he could: But I will teach you the good and the right way. And then these words imme­diately follow, Only fear the Lord and serve him in truth with all your heart, &c.

3. These words are most considerable for the Matter contained in them; which lies in these three particulars,

(1.) The influence which continuance in sin hath upon a Kingdoms ruine: but if ye shall still do wickedly, ye shall be consumed, both ye and your King.

(2.) The best means for the welfare and preser­vation of it, viz maintaining and practising the true Religion; Only fear the Lord and serve him in truth with all your heart.

(3.) The great argument and encouragement here given for the doing it; for consider how great things he hath done for you.

The first of these will be the main subject of my present Discourse, viz. The influence which continu­ance in sin hath upon a Kingdoms ruine, If we believe Moses and the Prophets, we cannot question the truth of this concerning the People of Israel; for this is the main scope and design of their doctrine. Moses assu­red them, that all the strength, and force, and com­bination of their enemies should do them no pre­judice as long as they obeyed the Laws of God; but Lev. 26. from v. 3, to 14. if they would not do his Commandments, but [Page 12] despise his Statutes and abhor his Judgements, all v. 15. the care and policy they could use would not be able to keep off the most dismal judgements which ever befel a Nation, I will even appoint over you terror, v. 16. consumption and the burning Ague; that shall consume the eyes and cause sorrow of heart; and ye shall sow your seed in vain, for your enemies shall eat it. And I will set my v. 17. face against you, and you shall be slain before your enemies: they that hate you shall reign over you, and ye shall flee when none pursueth you. And if you will not for all this v. 18. hearken unto me, then will I punish you seven times more for your sins, so he proceeds to the end of the Chapter, still rising higher and higher according to the great­ness of their provocations. And to the same pur­pose he speaks throughout Deut. 28. promising great Blessings to their Nation upon obedience, and hor­rible Curses, such as would make ones ears tingle to hear them, upon their refractoriness and disobedi­ence, The Lord shall send thee cursing, vexation and rebuke, Deut. 28. 20. in all that thou settest thine hand unto for to do; until thou be destroyed, and untill thou perish quickly, because of the wickedness of thy doings, whereby thou hast forsaken me. To the same purpose all the Prophets speak, only applying this general doctrine to the circumstan­ces of their own times. If ye be willing and obedient, Isa. 1. 39. 20. saith Isaiah, ye shall eat the good of the Land; but if ye re­fuse and rebel, ye shall be destroyed with the sword, the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it. When the Prophet Jeremiah saw dreadful calamities coming upon his people, [Page 13] he cries out, Thy way and thy doings have procured these Jer. 4. 18. things unto thee, this is thy wickedness because it is bitter, because it reacheth unto thine heart. Ezekiel tells them there was no hope to escape being destroyed, but by speedy and sincere Repentance, Repent and turn your selves from all your transgressions, so iniquity shall Ezek. 18. 30. not be your Ruine.

But here a material question may be asked, whether this connexion between their doing wicked­ly and being consumed were not by vertue of that Po­litical Covenant between God and the people of Israel which was peculiar to themselves? and how far it may be just and reasonable to argue concern­ing the case of other Nations, with whom God hath entred into no such Covenant, as he did with them?

To make this clear, and to bring it nearer to our own case, I shall proceed in this method.

1. To shew, that God doth exercise a particular providence with respect to the state and condition of Kingdoms and Nations.

2. That according to the usual method of Providence their condition is better or worse as the People are.

3. That there are some circumstances of sinning, which do very much portend and hasten a Peoples ruine.

1. That God doth exercise a particular providence with a respect to the state and condition of Nations, i. e. as they are united into several and distinct bo­dies, which are capable as such of being happy [Page 14] or miserable. For since mankinds entring into society is both necessary and advantageous to them; and God doth not barely permit and approve, but dispose and incline men to it; and hath given them Laws to govern themselves by, with respect to so­ciety; it is but reasonable to suppose that God should call men to an account in that capacity; and to distribute rewards and punishments according to the nature of their actions: which must either be done in this world, or it cannot be done at all; for all those bonds are dissolved by death, and men shall not answer for their sins by Kingdoms and Nations in another world, but every man shall give account of himself unto God. Either there­fore those societies as such shall go wholly unpu­nished, or they must suffer according to them in this world; and therefore here the case is very dif­ferent from that of particular Persons. We say, and with a great deal of Reason, that it is no dis­paragement to the Justice of Gods Providence for good men to suffer, or for wicked men to escape punishment in this Life, because the great day of recompence is to come, wherein there will be a Revelation of the Righteous judgement of God: But that will not hold as to Nations, who shall not suffer in communities then as they have sinned here: and therefore it is more reasonable to sup­pose the rewards and punishments of such shall be in this life according to the measure and pro­portion [Page 15] of their sins. And of this we have suffi­ent evidence in Scripture, upon these accounts.

(1.) Because it charges guilt upon Nations as well as upon particular Persons. As in the case of uncertain murder, If one be found slain in the Land, which Deut. 21. 1. the Lord thy God giveth thee to possess it, lying in the field, and it be not known who hath slain him: the Elders of v. 7. the next City were not only to protest their own in­nocency; but to use this prayer, Be merciful O Lord, v. 8. unto thy people Israel, whom thou hast redeemed, and lay not innocent blood unto thy people of Israels charge. And v. 9. the blood shall be forgiven them, so shalt thou put away the guilt of innocent blood from among you. Here we see the guilt of innocent blood goes farther than the bare shedders of it, it lyes upon the Nation till it be expiated; and the Jews say, the soul of a per­son innocently murdered hovers up and down the Earth crying for vengeance, till the guilty persons be found out and punished, and then it ascends above to its place of rest. The guilt of innocent blood is indeed a crying sin; it cryes loud unto Heaven for vengeance, and nothing stops its voice but the execution of it. And where that is not done, it leaves a guilt upon the Land; for God himself hath said it, Blood defileth the Land; and the land can­not Numb. 35. 33. be cleansed of the blood that is shed therein, but by the blood of him that shed it. This sin we see, is of such a malignant nature that it infects the Land where it is committed, and lyes upon it till it be expiated. [Page 16] But there are other sins which contract a National guilt, when the Authority of a Nation, either gives too much countenance and encouragement to the pra­ctice of them, or does not take that care it ought to do to suppress and punish them. When men daily and insolently break the Laws of God, and bid as it were defiance both to them and to the Laws of men; when wickedness spreads like a leprosie, and infects the whole body; when vices become so notorious that they are a reproach and a by-word to Neighbour Nations; these are the signs and tokens of National guilt.

(2.) Because the Scripture tells us of a certain Measure to which the sins of a Nation do rise be­fore they are ripe for punishment. This was the reason given why Abrahams Children must stay to the fourth Generation before they come to the pos­session of the promised Land, for the iniquity of the Amorites is not yet full. Where it is plain that God Gen. 15. 16. doth consider Nations as distinct bodies, the mea­sure of whose sins is taken after another manner than that of particular persons; but when once that measure is compleated, ruine and destruction is unavoidable; or at least, some signal and extra­ordinary judgements falling upon them as the pu­nishment of their iniquities. Men may ask why the Canaanites in Joshua's time were dealt with so severely, that nothing but utter extirpation would satisfie the Justice of God against them? But God [Page 17] prevents that objection, by letting Abraham know how much patience and long-suffering he used towards them; waiting till the fourth Generation; and when their iniquities still increased, and every Age added to the Guilt of the foregoing, the bur­den grew too heavy for them to bear it any longer, and therefore they must sink under the weight of it. So our Saviour saith to the Jews in his time, Fill Matth. 23. 32. ye up then the measure of your Fathers. Not as though God did punish any Age beyond the desert of its own sins; but when the measure of their sins is filled up, God doth no longer forbear to punish them; and that seldom happens, but when the sins of that time do exceed those of the foregoing Ge­nerations; as it was in the case of the Jews when their City and Temple were destroyed.

(3.) Because it attributes the great Revolutions of Government to a particular Providence of God, God is the Judge, or the supreme Arbitratour of the af­fairs of the world, he pulleth down one and setteth up another. Which holds with respect to Nations as Psalm 75. 7. well as particular persons. Which doth not found any right of Dominion, (as some fancied till the argument from Providence was returned with greater force upon themselves) but it shews that when God pleases to makes use of Persons or Nations as the Scourges in his hand to punish a People with, he gives them success above their hopes or expectations, but that success gives them no right. [Page 18] And of this the Psalmist speaks when he adds, For in the hand of the Lord there is a Cup and the Wine is red; v. 8. it is full of mixture, and he poureth out of the same; but the dregs thereof all the wicked of the earth shall wring them out and drink them. It is called by Isaiah, the Cup of Fury, and the Cup of Trembling, which God gives to Is. 51. 17. Nations destined to ruine: which makes them like people intoxicated and deprived of that apprehen­sion of danger, of that judgement and considerati­on to prevent it, which at other times they have. When a Nation is near some dreadful calamity, as a just punishment of its sins, God takes away the wisdom of the Wise, and the understanding of the Prudent, and the resolution of the men of cou­rage, that they all stand amazed and confounded, not knowing how to give or take advice; but they are full of fears, and rather apt to quarrel with one another than to consult the general good. This was just the state of Egypt when God did purpose to execute his Justice upon it.

(1.) First, their courage failed them, And the heart of Egypt shall melt in the midst of it; and the spirit Is. 19. 1, 3. of Egypt shall fail in the midst thereof. In that day shall Egypt be like unto women; and it shall be afraid and fear, 16. because of the shaking of the hand of the Lord of Hosts, which he shaketh over it. It is a very ill sign when men want the spirit and vigour they were wont to have; when they are daunted at the apprehension of every danger, and rather meanly seek to save [Page 19] themselves by base arts and sordid compliances, than to promote the common welfare. It is folly and stupidity not to apprehend danger when there is cause for it, and to take the best care to prevent it; but it is a fatal symptom upon a Nation when their hearts fail them for fear, that they dare not do the duty which they owe to God, to their King, and to their Countrey. God forbid that any should ex­ceed the bounds of their duty to prevent their fears, but when men want resolution to do that, they are in a lost condition.

(2) Their Counsels were divided and infatuated: And I will set the Egyptians against the Egyptians. The v. 2. Princes of Zoan are Fools, the Counsel of the Wise Coun­sellors 11. of Pharaoh is become bruitish; they have also sedu­ced 13. Egypt, even they that are the stay of the Tribes thereof. The Lord hath mingled a perverse spirit in the midst thereof, 14. and they have caused Egypt to err in every work thereof, as a reeling man staggereth in his vomit, i. e. they know not what to fix upon, all their Counsels being so un­certain, and the best taking no effect. But after all their consultations, they advance not one step for­ward, but fall back just to the same case they were in before; every one blaming another for want of success in their designs. This is the deplorable state of a People when ruine and desolation is near them.

But on the other side, when God raises up a Nation to be a Scourge to other Nations, he inspires them [Page 20] with a new spirit and courage, unites their coun­sels, removes their difficulties or carries them easi­ly through them, and by a concurrence of some happy circumstances gives them strange success beyond all their hopes and expectations. Look over all the mighty Revolutions which have hap­ned in the Kingdoms and Empires of the World, and the more ye search and consider and compare things together, the greater truth you will find in this observation. When God designed to punish the Eastern Nations for their transgressions, then the Babylonian Monarchy rose so fast and spread so far, that nothing was able to stand before it. The combinations of the Kings of Judah, and Edom, and Je. 27. 3. Moab, and syre, and Sidon, and Egypt were but like the Withes which the Philistins bound Sampson with, which he brake in sunder as a thred of Tow is broken when it toucheth the fire. Judah drinks first of the Cup, and Ju. 16. 9. she trembles and falls, and is carried into capti­vity; then follow, as God had foretold by his Pro­phets, Jer. 25. from 18. to 26. Eze. 24. 2, &c. 30. 5. Nah. 3. 8, 9. Zeph. 2. 13. the desolations of Tyre, of Egypt, of Put and Lud, i. e. of Libya and AEthiopia; and at last the Cup passes round, and Ninivehs turn comes to drink deep of this Cup of Fury, and she was laid waste for returning to her sins after Repentance.

And when the sins of Babylon called for venge­ance, God raised up Cyrus, and called him by his Name, long before he was born, and brought the Is. 45. 2, 3. fierce Nations of the East to submit themselves to [Page 21] him: and when Babylon was most secure, full of Wine and Jollity at an anniversary feast, he led Cyrus into the City by a way they dreamed not of, and all the plagues which the Prophets had foretold, came upon that people when they least expected them. It was not the Courage and Spirit of Alexander with his Macedonian Army could have made such sudden and easie conquests of the East; if God by his Provi­dence had not strangely made way for his success by infatuating the Counsels of Darius, so as to give him those advantages against himself he could ne­ver have hoped for. There is no such mighty diffe­rence in the wits and contrivances of men; no such great advantages in military power and conduct; no such wonderful disproportion in the courage, or wisdom, or educations of men; but when God hath pleased to let loose the most rude, and barbarous, and unexperienced Nations in matters of War, up­on the most flourishing Kingdoms, the most disci­plin'd Armies, the most fortified Cities, they have in spite of all opposition over-run, overcome, and overthrown them. Who could have thought that the cowardly Goths (as they were then esteem­ed) the barbarous Vandals, and the despicable Hunns, could have made such havock and devastations in the Roman Empire, that in fifty years time, more of it was lost and destroyed by their means, than had been gained in a thousand? It would make ones heart bleed to read the miseries which all [Page 22] the parts of the Roman Empire suffered, where these Barbarians prevailed; and yet they were despised and reproached by the Grave and Wise Romans at the same time when they were Conquered and destroyed by them; as Salvian who lived then, at Salvian. de Cub. Dei, l. 7. large relates. But the best and wisest men could not but see an extraordinary hand of God going along with them; and one of their greatest Ge­nerals found himself carryed on by such a mighty impulse, and met with such an unaccountable success in all his undertakings, that he called him­self Flagellum Dei, The Scourge in Gods hand to cha­stise the wickedness and follies of men that called themselves Christians, and did not live like such. Machiavel himself takes notice of so strange a dif­ference Disput. in Liv. l. 2. c. 29. in the Conduct and success of the Romans at different times, that he saith, they could hardly be imagined to be the same People; and after all his attempts to find out other causes, he at last is forced to conclude that there is a superiour cause to the Coun­sels of men which governs the affairs of mankind, which he calls Fate, and we much better, the Pro­vidence of God. Some learned Physicians are of opi­nion H. Jorda­nus de eo quod in morbis est divinum. Conring. Epist. 29. that when diseases are not curable by com­mon remedies, there is in them [...], something divine, and therefore in such cases Divine Remedies are the most proper and effectual: thus in the alterations of States and Kingdoms, there is often a [...], a more than ordinary hand of God, in which [Page 23] cases the best means we can use to prevent dan­ger is by Fasting and Prayer, by true repentance and speedy Reformation of our evil wayes.

(4.) Because the Scripture still leaves hopes of Mercy to a People where they have a heart to repent. I do not find by any declaration of Gods Will in Scripture, that he hath made any such peremptory decree concerning the ruine of a Na­tion, but upon their repentance there is a way left to escape it; but rather the contrary in those words of Jeremiah, At what instant I shall speak con­cerning Jer. 18. 7, 8. a Nation, and concerning a Kingdom, to pluck up and to pull down and to destroy it: If that Nation against whom I have pronounced, turn from their evil, I will re­pent of the evil which I thought to do unto them. And therefore all threatnings of that kind are conditi­onal as this in the Text is, But if ye shall still do wickedly: which implyes that if they did cease to do so, they might be preserved, both they and their King. And where repentance hath inter­vened between the threatning and execution of judgement, God hath shewed wonderful kindness either in stopping, removing, or deferring the se­verity of judgements.

1. In stopping his hand when it hath been lifted up, and just ready to strike. We can desire no clearer instance in that case than that of Niniveh; a vast Jonah 3. 3. City (or rather a Countrey inclosed in Walls) full of all the delights of Asia, and of the sins [Page 24] which usually attend them; to this City God sends a Prophet to let them know how near they were to destruction, that they had but forty dayes time to turn themselves in. This was a strange and unexpected alarm to them, given by a strange Prophet after a peremptory manner to a people unacquainted with such messages. How many objections would the Infidels and Scepticks of our Age have made against such a Message as this? They would rather have concluded the Pro­phet Mad, than have been perswaded to repent by him. Yet so great was the apprehension they had of the just desert of their sins, that the People of Nineveh believed God and proclaimed a Fast, and put on Sackcloth, from the greatest of them even to the least: v. 5. and they cryed mightily to God, and turned from their v. 8. v. 10. evil wayes: And what then? Would God disparage the reputation of his Prophet, and alter the sen­tence he had sent him so far to denounce against them? What hopes had he given them of mercy if they repented? It appears they had nothing but general presumptions, Who can tell, if God will v. 9. turn and repent, and turn away from his fierce anger that we perish not? Yet sincere repentance being per­formed upon no greater assurance than this, pre­vailed so with God, that he repented of the evil that he said he would do unto them, and he did it not. O the depth of the riches both of the Wisdom and Good­ness of God! His Wisdom in leading them to re­pentance; [Page 25] his Goodness in for bearing to punish af­ter so great provocations. What encouragement doth God hereby give to others to repent, when Niniveh was rescued from the very brink of destru­ction by it?

2. In removing his hand when it hath struck. When Davids vanity transported him so far, that without any necessity he would know the Number of his People; his heart did misgive him as soon as he had done it, and he confessed he had sinned greatly in it; notwithstanding this God sends a plague among 2 Sam. 24. 10. the People, which touched David to the quick, as a tender Father is most sensibly punished in the loss of his Children; and then he cryed, Lo I have sinned, and I have done wickedly; but these Sheep what have they done? v. 17. And when the Angel had stretched out his hand upon Je­rusalem to destroy it, the Lord repented him of the evil, and said to the Angel It is enough, stay now thy hand. Be­hold therefore the goodness and severity of God; on them which fell severity; but towards Jerusalem goodness. His severity was intended to make peo­ple avoid a vain confidence in their own strength and numbers; his goodness to let them see how ready he is to draw back his hand when men truly re­pent.

3. In putting by the stroke for the present, or de­ferring the execution of his wrath. No King of Israel provoked God more than Ahab; for it is said of him, that he did evil in the sight of the Lord above all 1 King. 16. 30. [Page 26] that were before him; and that he sold himself to work wickedness in the sight of the Lord. At last the Prophet 33. Elijah meets him in Naboths Vineyard which he had 21. 25. just taken possession of by fraud and violence; when Ahab saw such an unwelcome Guest in that place, his guilt made him ready to start back, and to say, Hast thou found me, O mine enemy? The Pro­phet 20. having this fair opportunity followed the blow he had given him so home, that Ahab was not able to stand before him: for it is said, that when Ahab heard the terrible judgements God de­nounced against him for his sins, he rent his clothes, and put sackcloth upon his flesh and fasted, and in good v. 29. earnest humbled himself before God; For so God himself owns that he did. I do not say he continued good af­ter this; but he now heartily repented for the time; and for the time of repentance God inlarged his time of forbearance. Because he humbleth himself before me, I will not bring the evil in his days. Even a short repentance, when sincere, gains time, by a reprieve from punishment. When the sins of a Na­tion are grown to a great height, and become ripe for vengeance, the best Princes can obtain no more than not seeing the evil in their own days, as in the case of Josiah who was an excellent Prince, and a true lover of God and his Law, yet the people continued so hardned in their sins, though under some shew of Reformation; that the Prophetess told him; behold I will bring evil upon this place, and upon the Inhabitants 2 King. 22. 16. [Page 27] thereof, &c. But because his heart was tender, and he 19. humbled himself before the Lord, he obtained that fa­vour, that his eyes should not see the evil which he would 20. bring upon them. If the People had been as good as Josiah was, there is no question, but even then God would have repented of the evil; but where there was such an obstinate impenitency, that neither Gods Laws, nor the Prophets threatnings, nor the Princes example could prevail upon them; all that his humiliation could obtain, was only a putting it off for his own time; and we have reason to think that their sins did hasten his end too; as sometimes the sins of a people make the best of Princes to be taken away from them: and when the ten Tribes were carried captive, their King Hoshea is said, not to have done evil as the Kings of Isra­el 2 King. 17. 2. that were before him. And to Judah after Josias his death, God punctually made good this threatning in the Text, But if ye shall still do wickedly, ye shall be consumed both ye and your King.

II. The second particular is, That according to the usual method of Providence the state or con­dition of a People is better or worse according to the general nature of their Actions. If they be good and vertuous, careful to please God, just, so­ber, chast, merciful, diligent observers of Gods Laws, and their own, and dealing with other Na­tions according to the Laws of Nations, they will live in a much more flourishing and happy condi­tion; [Page] than a Nation can do where Atheism, Pro­faneness, and all sorts of Wickedness abound: which I shall prove two ways,

(1.) Absolutely, from the tendency of Religion and Vertue to promote the Honour, the Peace, the Courage and safety of a People.

(2.) Comparatively, that Nations are more or less happy according to their vertues and vices.

(1.) Absolutely, and that will appear, (1.) From the tendency of true Goodness and Piety to promote a Nations Honour and Interest abroad. And no man is ignorant how much Reputation brings of real ad­vantage to a Nation; and that a People despised are next to a People enslaved; and that it is impos­sible to hold up honour and esteem in the world, where the reputation of Vertue is lost.

(2.) From its tendency to maintain peace and tranquillity at home; preventing private quarrels, by justice, and honesty, and temperance, and cha­stity; and publick disturbances by avoiding idle­ness, and debauchery, and bad principles, which are the great nurseries of Rebellion; and teach­ing men quietness, patience, due government of themselves, and obedience not only for wrath, but also for Conscience sake. Whereas loose princi­ples, and bad practises, and extravagant desires naturally dispose men to endeavour changes and alterations, in hopes of bettering themselves by them; and the prevalency of Vice doth un­hinge [Page 29] Government, and weaken the strength and sinews of it.

(3.) From the keeping up the spirits, and se­curing the safety of men. A good Conscience makes a man dare to do his duty; but the sinners in Zion are afraid, fearfulness hath surprised the Hypocrites. Is. 33. 14. These were men, saith Grotius, who carried a fair shew for the present, but were inwardly prepared, if the King of Babylon got the better, to be of his Religion, whatever it was. Such men who are false to God, and really of no Religion at all, are full of thoughts and fears, not knowing what may happen; they dare not own what they would be, for fear it ruine them at present; and they dare not appear too much for what they seem to own, for fear of what may come hereafter. If the Lord be God, saith Elijah, then follow him; but if 1 King. 18. 21. Baal, then follow him: No, say such men, if they durst speak their thoughts, we desire to be excused at present, we find there is a contest between them, and we do not yet know which will get the better, when we see that, you shall know our minds. As Asinius Pollio told Augustus in his Wars with An­tony he was resolved to be praeda victoris, he would be of the Conquerors side. But men that are sin­cere in any Religion, do hate and abhor such hy­pocritical Dissemblers, and despise and spue them out for their nauseous lukewarmness; and as men indeed of no Religion or Conscience, but for what [Page 30] serves to their present ends. But observe in what a lofty strain the Prophet sets forth the security and confidence which follows integrity. He that walketh righteously and speaketh uprightly, he that despi­seth v. 15. the gain of oppressions, that shaketh his hands from holding bribes, that stoppeth his ears from hearing of blood, and stoppeth his eyes from seeing evil. He shall dwell v. 16. on high, his place of defence shall be the munition of rocks, bread shall be given him, his waters shall be sure. These were very critical and doubtful times which the Prophet speaks of, and many were secretly for complying with the King of Assyria, as believing it as impossible to withstand his force, as to dwell with everlasting burnings; the Prophet is so far from granting this, that he tells them all their security lay in being just and honest, and doing their duty, and then they would be as safe, as if they had con­stant provision among the most inaccessible Rocks. It is observable concerning the Israelites, that when they went about to secure themselves by subtile devices and contrivances of their own, making leagues and confederacies with the King of Egypt and other neighbour Princes, so often they were foiled, and baffled, and overcome by their enemies; but when they put their trust in God, and committed themselves to his protection, he pre­served and delivered them from the greatest dan­gers. I will not deny that there was something peculiar in their case, having the Prophets directi­ons; [Page 31] and to trust mans wisdom against Gods was madness and folly in them. But setting that aside, as there is no security like to Gods protection, so there is no reason to think that will be wanting to them who do their duty sincerely and put their trust in him.

(2.) Comparatively; If we do compare several Nations together, we shall find those to flourish most, and to be the most happy where men do most fear God and work righteousness; where piety and vertue have the greatest countenance and in­couragement; and where vice and wickedness are the most discouraged and punished.

This may seem a Paradox at first hearing to those who consider by what ways of fraud and violence, of injustice and cruelty, of rapine and oppression, the great and mighty Empires of the world have been raised and maintained; and how little regard is shewed to any rules of Ho­nesty, Justice, or the Laws of Nations in those Kingdoms and States which resolve to be great, and in spight of other Nations to maintain their Greatness.

Yet notwithstanding this plausible objection, the truth of my assertion will appear, if we un­derstand it as we ought to do with these follow­ing Cautions.

1. That it is not to be understood of the large­ness of dominion, or superfluity of riches, [Page 32] but of the true happiness of living in society to­gether; which is by promoting the real good of all. To which the vastness of Empire, and im­mensity of riches is by no means necessary, but a sufficiency both of strength and treasure to defend it self in case of foreign enemies, and to provide for the necessities and conveniencies of all the Members of it. Those who have best consider­ed Arist. Pol. l. 4. c. 11. these things, suppose that to be the most exact and perfect Idea of Government, where all things are in a certain measure, and have a proportion to each other so as most conduces to the true end of living; not to riot and luxury, not to softness and effeminacy, not to pride and ambition, not to the heaping up of riches without use and respect to a general good; but so as all men may according to their conditions and circumstances enjoy what they have, or can get, with the greatest comfort to themselves and their friends, and do the most generous and vertuous actions.

2. That this is not to be understood of the pri­vate benefit of any particular persons, but of the general good of all sorts and conditions of men. The Eastern Monarchies have seemed to be the most happy and flourishing to those who look at a distance upon them, and only observe the Pomp and Grandeur of their Princes, without looking into the State and Condition of the People. Aristotle ob­serves, that the Eastern people had more wit and slavery Polit. l. 3. c. 14. [Page 33] with it, the Northern had less quickness and more liberty, the Greeks lying between both had their share in both. But the Eastern slavery hath brought Barbarism into Greece it self; and the Northern Liberty hath so im­proved the wits, and given such encouragement to the industry of men, that our people at this day enjoy more benefit by the riches of the East, than those do among whom they grow. Can we call them a happy people that see much riches and enjoy none; having nothing which they can call their own, unless it be their slavery? That is certainly the happiest condition of a people, where the Prince sits upon the Throne of Majesty and Power, doing righteousness and shewing kindness; and the people sit every man under his Vine, and under his Fig-tree, enjoying the fruits of his own labours, or his Ancestors bounty: Where the People think it their interest to support and obey their Prince; and the Prince thinks it his interest to protect and defend his people. Happy is the Peo­ple that is in such a case; but above all, happy is that Psa. 144. 15. People whose God is the Lord. For without his Bles­sing, the best Government, the best Laws, the best Ministers can never preserve a Nations happiness; and there is no reason to expect his Blessing, but in the wayes of Piety and Vertue.

3. That it is not to be understood of sudden and surprizing events, but of a lasting and continued state. For when God hath been highly provoked [Page 34] to punish several Nations for their sins; he may give unexpected success to that Nation by whom he designs to punish the rest; and when they have done that work, they may then suffer more smart­ly for their own iniquities. Of this we have a re­markable instance in Scripture; God designed to punish the Kingdoms of the earth for their sins; to Jer. 25. 26. this purpose he raiseth up Nebuchadnezar King of Babylon, whom he therefore calls his Servant; and v. 9. 11. the first example of his severity was his own People; when this was done, then follow the desolations of Egypt, of Phoenicia, Arabia, and other Countries in so strange a manner, that some have called it the Age of the destruction of Cities. But doth the Marsh. Chr. Can. p. 556. Jer. 25. 15. v. 26. King of Babylon think to escape himself? No, saith the Prophet, the King of Shesbach shall drink after them; his turn would come at last, when he had accomplished the design God sent him upon in the punishment of others. Thus for a time, a Nation may seem to flourish exceedingly, and be victorious over others while they are as Scourges in Gods hand for the punishment of others, and when that work is over may suffer most severely for their own sins.

4. It is to be understood of Persons under equal circumstances, when we compare the condition of People with each other: not the Nobles of one Nation with the Peasants of another, nor the Princes with the People; but every rank and or­der [Page 35] of men with those of the same rank and con­dition.

And upon these terms, we need no other proof of the truth of this assertion, than the instance in the Text of the People of Israel; which will best appear by comparing the state of both Kingdoms after the Body of the People was broken into the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah. The Kingdom of Isra­el by Jeroboams Policy, and for Reason of State, fell off from the Worship of the true God, and worship­ped the Calves of Dan and Bethel. But did they prosper or succeed more than the Kingdom of Ju­dah? The ten Tribes had a much larger territory, yet the Kingdom of Judah was stronger and flourish­ed more, and continued longer, by 135 years, than the Kingdom of Israel did; and when they were carried into Captivity, the ten Tribes were lost as to their name and interest among the Peo­ple of Assyria; but the two Tribes were restored af­ter 70 years Captivity under the Princes of the Line of David. If we compare the Kings of Israel and Judah together; The Posterity of David was kept up among the Kings of Judah; but there were nine Fa­milies in the Kingdom of Israel; and but one of them lasted to the fourth Generation, and that was of Jehu, who did something towards the Reformation of Religion. Of the eighteen Kings of Israel, but eight escaped dying by the Sword: and it is easie to judge how miserable the state of that People must [Page 36] be, under so many violent changes of Govern­ment. Among the Kings of Judah those who were firmest to the true Religion prospered most, and the Nation under them enjoyed the greatest peace, or received the greatest deliverances, as in the dayes of Asa, Jehoshaphat and Hezekiah. If we compare the times of the same Kings together, we shall find that while they adhered firmly to God and Religion the Nation prospered exceedingly, as for a long time under the Reigns of Solomon and Asa; but when in their old Age they began to warp in their Religion and to decline in their Piety, nothing but trouble and confusion followed. So true did they find the saying of Hanani to Asa, The eyes of 2 Chro. 16. 9. the Lord run to and fro throughout the whole earth, to shew himself strong in the behalf of them whose heart is perfect towards him. But because he said, he had done foolishly in not relying on the Lord, but on the King of Syria, therefore, saith he, from henceforth thou shalt have wars. And from that time his Government v. 10. was uneasie both to himself and his People; when he had imprisoned the Prophet for reproving him.

III. That there are some circumstances in the sins of a Nation, which do very much portend and hasten its Ruine. As,

1. When they are committed after more than ordinary mercies received; such as in reason ought to keep men most from the commission of them; [Page] as greater knowledge of the Will of God than other People enjoy; more frequent warnings of their danger than others have had; many and great deliverances which God hath vouchfafed; when none of these things, nor all of them toge­ther do move a People to repent, they shew an obstinate and incorrigible temper, and therefore God may sooner proceed to punish them. God did not forbear to punish other Nations for their transgressions, but he began with his own People. For lo I begin to bring evil on the City which is called by Jer. 25. 29 my name, and should ye be utterly unpunished? The destroying Angels in Ezekiel, were to begin at the Sanctu­ary; Eze 9. 6 1 Pet. 4 17 Judgement, saith St. Peter, must begin at the House of God. He draws the line of his Justice pa­rallel to that of his Mercy; and when every Mercy is put to the account, and heightens the guilt, the fumm will soon rise so high to call for execution. The Prophet Amos tells Damascus, and Gaza, and Tyre, and Edom, and Ammon, and Mo­ab, that none of them shall escape being punished for their transgressions; they need not doubt, the Rod would come time enough upon them; but yet God would begin with his own Children: You only have I known of all the Families of the earth, Amos therefore I will punish you for all your iniquities. Where God hath given wonderful marks of his kind­ness, and many deliverances time after time, and yet they continue to do wickedly, there is the [Page] greater reason to expect sharper and severer pu­nishments.

2. When they are committed with more than ordinary contempt of God and Religion. All Ages are bad enough; and every Age is apt to complain of it self, as the worst of any; because it knows more ill of it self, than of the foregoing. But yet there is a difference in the manner of sin­ning; sometimes the stream of wickedness hides its head, and runs under ground, and makes little noise, although it holds on the same course; at other times it seems to break forth like a mighty torrent as though it would bear down all before it, as though the fountains of the great Deep were bro­ken up, and Hell were let loose, and the Prisoners there had shaken off their chains and come up up­on the earth; When Atheism, Prophaneness and all manner of Wickedness grow impudent and bare-faced; when men do not only neglect Religi­on, but reproach and contemn it. Shall I not visit for these things, saith the Lord, shall not my soul be [...]. 5. 9, 29. avenged on such a Nation as this? God did forbear his People of Judah beyond what they could have expected, waiting for their amendment; but when they added impudence to their obstinacy, when they made sport with the Prophets, and turn­ed their threatnings into songs of mirth and drol­lery, then the peremptory decree came forth, and there was no hopes to escape. But they mocked the hro. 16. [Page 39] messengers of God and despised his Words, and misused his Prophets, untill the wrath of the Lord arose against his People, till there was no remedy. There still seemed to be some hopes left till they came to this temper. But when they burlesqued the Prophet Jeremiahs words, and turned the expressions he used into ri­dicule, Jer. 23. 34, 36. crying in contempt, The burden of the Lord, which is called perverting the words of the living God: when they turned Ezekiels words into pleasant songs, Ezek. 33. 31. In canti­cum oris sui ver­tunt illos. Vul. Lat. and made sport with Gods Judgements, no wonder he was so highly provoked. For there can be no worse symptom to a people, than to laugh at the only means to cure them; and if this once grow common, it must needs make their condition de­sperate. For then it comes to Gods turn to mock and laugh too; Because I have called and ye have re­fused, Pro. 1. 24. I have stretched out my hand and no man regard­ed; but ye have set at nought all my Counsel, and would have none of my reproof; I also will laugh at your calami­ty, 25. 26. and mock when your fear cometh. Wo be unto that people whom the Almighty takes pleasure in pu­nishing.

3. When there is an universal degeneracy of all ranks and conditions of men. I do not mean such as is common to humane nature, but from the particular vertues of their Ancestors, or a common practice of those vices which do most frequently draw down the judgements of God, and make him to have a controversie with a [Page] Land. By swearing, and lying, and killing, and stealing, Hos. 4. 2, 3. and committing Adultery, they braak out, and blood toucheth blood, therefore shall the Land mourn. It was a strange degree of corruption the People of Jerusalem were fallen to before God led them into Captivity; when the Prophet Jeremiah used those expressions to them, Run ye to and fro in the streets of Jerusalem, Jer. 5. 1. and see now and know, and seek in the broad places there of, if ye can find a man, if there be any that execu­teth judgement, that seeketh the truth, and I will pardon it. Could there ever be a fairer or kinder offer than this? But as Isaiah expresseth it, the whole head was Is. 1. 5, 6. sick, and the heart faint; from the sole of the foot even unto the head there is no soundness in it, but wounds, and bruises, and putrifying sores. It seems a very strange passage in the Law of Leprosie, that if the Leprosie Lev. 13. 12, 13, 14. covered all the flesh, the person was to be pronounced clean; but if any raw flesh appeared, he was unclean: which it is very hard to understand, unless it were that the power of infection was then gone. Such a state the People of Jerusalem seemed to have been in, there was no room for infection left, the plague of Leprosie had so over run them, that there was no sound part left in the whole body.

Thus I have considered the influence which doing wickedly hath upon the ruine of a Nation, it re­mains now that I make Application of this to our own case.

[Page] We have been a People that have received wonderful Mercies and many signal Deliverances from Gods hand. He hath placed us in a rich and fruitful Land; and hath furnished us with so great plenty, that even that hath been thought our burden; hath blessed us with such an increase of Trade, that our Merchants far exceed those of Tyre both in Riches and Number. Our Ships of Trade are like a Valley of Cedars when they lie at home; and when they are abroad, they compass the earth, and make the riches of the East and West-Indies to meet in our Streets. And since like the Prince of Tyre, our seat is in the midst of the Seas, God hath thereby secured us from such sudden in­roads and invasions of foreign Enemies as many of our Neighbour Countries do groan under at this day: where the miseries of War are felt before they are seen; and those who thought themselves at ease and quiet, may be surprised in their Beds, and before they are aware of it may themselves, and Fa­milies, and Goods, and Houses and Country be all burnt and consumed together. But God hath com­passed us about with a deep Sea and a large Chan­nel, and given us such a powerful Navy as may be both a Defence at home and a Terror abroad.

As to our Civil Constitution, if we consider the admirable Temper of our Government, the Ju­stice and Wisdom of our Laws, and the greatness of our Liberties, we have no reason to envy the [Page 42] condition of any people upon earth. And after all our intestine broils and confusions which our sins had brought upon us, God was pleased in a most surprising manner, without War or blood­shed, to our great satisfaction and the amazement of the world, to restore our Soveraign to his Throne, our Church and People to their just Rights and Liberties. And while our Neighbour Nations have lamentably suffered under all the dismal effects of a lasting War, he hath enlarged our Trade, continued our Peace, and thereby in­creased our prosperity, after we had smarted un­der a dreadful Fire and a raging Pestilence. Thus far all things tend still to make us a happy Nation, if we did know and value our own hap­piness.

But that which above all other things should make us so, hath been the great Occasion of our Trouble, and is still of our Fears, and that is Religi­on. And yet in this respect we have advantages above any other Nation in the Christian World, ha­ving a Church reformed with so much Wisdom and Moderation as to avoid the dangerous extreams on both sides. But even this hath enraged our Adver­saries of the Roman Church, and made them the more restless to destroy it; and to stick at no means which they thought might tend to its ruine. O Blessed Jesus! that ever thy Holy Name should be assumed by Traytors and Murderers. or that the [Page 43] promoting thy true Religion should be made the colour for the most wicked practises!

Not that the pure and peaceable Religion of Jesus Christ doth sowre and imbitter the Spirits of Men towards each other, or dispose them to malice, hatred, revenge and cruelty (some of the worst passions of humane nature) or to the accomplish­ing their own ends by secret conspiracies and open violence, by treachery and falshood, by Murthers and Assasinations, either on the Ministers of Justice, or on the most merciful and best natured of Kings. But Be astonished O ye Heavens, and tremble O Earth, that hast brought forth such a Generation of Vipers who are continually making their way through the Bowels of their Mother, and as we have reason to believe have designed to destroy the Father of their Country. If these be the kind embraces of one that pretends to be the Mother-Church, if this be the paternal affection of the Ho­ly Father at Rome, if this indeed be zeal for the Catho­lick Cause, if this be the way to reconcile us to their Communion, have we not great reason to be fond of returning into the Bosom of such a Church which may strangle us as soon as it gets us within her Arms? But there are some whose concern­ment it is, to make men believe there was no such dangerous plot intended; I meddle not with that evidence which lies before you, but there is one notorious circumstance obvious to all persons, [Page 44] and sufficient to convince any, which is the hor­rid Murther actually committed on one of his Majesties Justices of Peace, in cold blood, with great contrivance and deliberation. Do men imbrue their hands in blood for nothing? Why no other Person, why at such a time, why in such a man­ner? There was a Reason for all this; he had ta­ken the examinations; he knew too much to be suf­fered to live, and they hoped by his death to sti­fle his evidence, and to affrighten others from searching too far; and they managed that matter so, as though they had a mind to convince the World, they had no other end in taking away his life, but to prevent a further Discovery. And they whom his Death doth not convince, neither would they be convinced, though he should rise again from the Dead.

God forbid that we should charge such barba­rous cruelties, such wicked conspiracies, such hor­rid designs on all who live in the Communion of that Church; but we must distinguish between the sedu­ced party who are not thought fit to be trusted with such things, for fear their Consciences check at them, and their good nature disclose them; and the busie Active Faction, who are always restless and designing, and act by such Maxims of Morality as the more sober and modest Heathens would abhor. What hath this Party of men been doing among us this last hundred of years and more, but plotting [Page 45] conspiracies, inflaming our differences, betraying our liberties, heightning our discontents, and in short, undermining the Foundatior s both of our Go­vernment and Religion? And shall such men alwayes triumph that they are too hard for our Laws? and that like the Canaanites and Jebusites to the Children of Israel, they will still be as scourges in [...]r sides, and thorns in our eyes? If these things must be, I hope Jos. 23. 13. God designs it not to destroy us at last by them, but I am sure it doth prove and try us, whether we will hearken to the Commandments of the Lord, or to the vain Traditions of Men.

God knows, I speak not these things out of any malice or ill will to the Persons of any, for, that I may use St. Paul's words, My hearts desire and prayer to God for them all is, that they might be saved. And although I cannot bear them witness, yet my hopes are some even of these may think they have a zeal for God in all this; but we are sure it is not according to knowledge. Such a blind zeal as the Jews had, who when they killed the Apostles, thought they did God good service. But it is so furious, so inhumane, so un­christian a zeal, that it is charity to them, as well as necessary care of our own safety, to keep them from a capacity of doing themselves and others mischief.

But before I conclude, the Text suggests to us three things, very pertinent to the duty of this Day; which I shall briefly recommend to your conside­ration.

[Page 46] 1. Matter of humiliation for our sins, as they have an influence upon the Nations suffering.

2. Matter of Advice, Only fear the Lord, and serve him in truth, and with all your heart.

3. Matter of encouragement, For, consider, what great things he hath done for you.

1. Matter of Humiliation for our sins. Which have been many and great, and aggravated by all the Mercies and Deliverances which God hath vouch­safed to us; and therefore he may be justly pro­voked to punish us proportionably to the mea­sures of our ingratitude and disobedience. Let us lay our hands upon our hearts this day, and se­riously consider what requital we have made to the Lord for all the benefits he hath bestowed upon us? For the Light of his Truth, the Purity of his Worship, the Power of his Grace, the frequency of his Sa­craments, the influences of his Spirit, and the con­tinuance hitherto of our established Religion, in spite of all opposition whatsoever. But have we not been guilty of too much slighting that Truth, neglecting that Worship, resisting that Grace, con­temning those Sacraments, quenching that Spi­rit; and of too great coldness and indifferency about matters of Religion? I do not fear that ever the Church of Rome should prevail among us by strength of Reason, or force of Argument, with all its specious colours and pretences, unless it be among those who understand neither one, [Page 47] nor the other Religion; but if men be loose in their principles, and unconcerned about Religion in general, there will not be courage and con­stancy enough to keep it out. I do much more fear Popery coming in at the back-door of Atheism and Prophaneness; than under all its false and de­ceitful pretences of Universality and Infallibility. And this those have been aware of, who have been so industriously sowing among us the seeds of Irreli­gion; knowing, that if men be unconcerned as to all Religion, they will never have the courage to oppose any; but will be sure to close with the prevailing side. Next to this, I know no greater advantage that they take against us, than from the unnatural heats and unchristian divisions which have been among us. If men were wise they would consider, at least in this our day, the things which do belong to our Peace. How can men answer it at the great day, if in such a critical time as this is, they stand upon little niceties and puncti­lios of Honour rather than Conscience, or upon keep up the interests of their several Parties, and do not those things which themselves think they lawfully may do towards an Union with us? I pray God, the continuance of these breaches may not look like an argument of Divine Infatuation upon us. But what can we say to that looseness and debauchery of manners, to that riot and lux­ury, to that wantonness and prophaneness, to that [Page 48] fashion of customary swearing, and Atheistick Drollery, which have been so much and so justly complained of among us? I hope there are many thousands at this day, in England, whose souls abhor the abominations that are committed, and who mourn in secret for them, and therefore our case may not be so desperate as that of Jerusalem was. May we all this day so heartily repent of all these follies and im­pieties, that the Cause of our Fears which our sins give us being removed, we may hearken

(2.) To the matter of Advice here given, Only to fear the Lord and to serve him in Truth, and with all our heart.

As though Samuel had said, Your hearts stand trembling still at the fear of Gods judgements, when he doth but lift up his voyce in the Thunder, and shew his Power in the Rain; I will tell you, how your hearts may be at ease and quiet from the fear of evil: Be faithful to God, maintain and practise the true Religion, sincerely, diligently, constantly, univer­sally, and never doubt his protection of you, let your enemies be never so many, or your dan­gers never so great. Nothing exposes men more to the Wrath and Vengeance of God, nor provokes him more to leave a People to their own coun­sels, than false-heartedness in Religion and Hy­pocrisie do. For the Hypocrite thinks to put a trick upon God Almighty; and while he seems to carry it fair towards him, he is dealing underhand [Page 49] for his own security another way: And God is then concerned in honour to let the world see he will not be mocked; for he knows how to take the crafty in their own devices; and very often brings to nought the most politick fetches of self-design­ing men. For when men seek themselves and not the honour of God or Religion, but are ready to betray what ought to be dearer than their lives, for some mean and private interests of their own, they are oft-times so far from compassing their ends, that they become the Scorn and Reproach of men. But if men preserve their integrity, and hold fast to the thing that is right, they preserve their honour, even among their enemies, and ei­ther escape troubles, or have the comfort of a good Conscience under them, and however things happen to them for a while, they are sure to have peace at the last

3. Lastly, Here is matter of incouragement. For consider what great things he hath done for you. When Jacob was sent into Egypt, and your Fathers cryed unto the Lord, then the Lord sent Moses and Aaron which v. 8. brought our Fathers out of Egypt, and made them dwell in this place. When their sins had brought them in­to great distresses afterwards, and they cryed unto the Lord and confessed their sins, then the Lord raised up 9. Jerubbaal and Bedan, and Jephthah, and Samuel, and 10. delivered you out of the hand of your enemies [...]n every 11. [Page 50] side, and you dwelled safe. Now consider, the same God who did those things, can do as great for you still; for his Power, and Wisdom, and Goodness are the same, and therefore you have the greatest reason to put your trust in him at all times, since he never for sakes them that seek him. Ps. 9. 10.

Blessed be God that we have this day a farther ar­gument for us to fear and serve him in truth, and with all our heart, by considering what great things he hath done for us. Many deliverances hath he wrought for us time after time, for which we ought still to be thank­ful, since we yet enjoy the benefit of them. But the memory of former deliverances was almost worn out with many, and some began to question whether such holy and innocent men as the Fa­thers of the Society could be guilty of such horrid conspiracies; some were so perswaded of their Loy­alty, that the Vipers seemed to have changed their natures and to have lost their teeth, and to be a very soft and innocent kind of Creatures. In somuch, that they were hardly brought to believe there could be a plot among them, especially of so horrid a nature as this appears more and more to have been, when such a viperous brood were suf­fered not only to lye quiet in the Shade, but to sport themselves in the Sun, and to enjoy the freedom of their own retreats. But God doth bring to light the hidden things of darkness by such wayes as [Page 51] shew his Providence, more than our prudence and foresight, that while we have the comfort, he alone may have the glory of our deliverance. But yet methinks we stand as it were upon the brink of a mighty Precipice, which is so full of horror, that we tremble to look down from it; we are at present held up by a strong hand, but as by one single thread, and can we then think our selves secure from so great a danger?

Blessed be God for that Unanimity, that Zeal, that Courage, that Constancy You have hitherto shewed in the maintenance of our Church and Re­ligion; but there is so much yet to be done for a Firm Establishment of it to all Generations (which now by his Majesties Gracious Favour is put into Your hands) as calls for all our Prayers, and your particular Care, lest if this opportunity be let slip, You never have such another.

This seems to be an Honour reserved for this Parliament, as the Crown and Glory of all your en­deavours for the Publick Good. Go on then, to raise up this Monument to your Eternal Fame. This will not only make you beloved and esteem­ed by the present Age, but this will endear your Memories to Posterity, and make Ages to come rise up and call this a Happy Session.

But lest our sins should yet hinder us from so great a Blessing, We have great reason to humble [Page] our selves before God this day, to bewail those sins which may yet provoke him to punish us, and by Fasting and Prayer to implore his Mercy; that he would go on to preserve his Majesties Per­son from all violent attempts, our Church and Religion from all the designs of its enemies, and deliver us all from Unreasonable and Wicked Men.