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Vera Effigies Gulielmi Rameſ. Medicinae Doctori et Medici Regni ordinarii Carolo II INDVSTRIA VINCITdi
ΕΛΜΙΝΘΟΛΟΓΙΑ.
OR, Some Phyſical Conſidera
Together with their Various Cauſes, Signs, Diagnoſticks, Prognoſticks, the horrid Symptomes by them introduced, as alſo the Indications and Method of Cure.
All which is Medicinally, Philoſophically, Aſtrologically, and Hiſtorically handled.
By WILLIAM RAMESEY, Doctor of Phyſick, and PhyſitiCHARLES the II.
Pro Captu Lectoris, habent ſua fata Libelli.
LONDON, Printed by John Streater, for George Sawbridge, dwelling on Clerken-well Green. 1668.
IT was not my Wifes Conſanguinity with you; but your own Innate vertues and worth, that caſt me on this Anchorage.
San's Complement) is intirely
'TIS exceeding pleaſant to ſee how every one abounds in his own Senſe, according to the Dimentions of which is their Knowledge, it paſſing through the Senſes, as Pipes or Channels; whence their Judgements become generally praecipite, proceeding raNon a peritia, ſed ab ornatu & vulgi vocibus habemur excellentes. And that Monſter Opinion is become Supream Lord and Ruler of the World: It being come to that paſs, that, Ut Deus, ſic Medicus, ab omnibus, poſtremo cognoſcuntur, etenim non niſi in extrema neceſſitate coluntur. They ſel
But 'tis no wonder to me, that ſome perſons of quality, and in o
But I ſhall add no more now, fince the ſubſequent Diſcourſe will
Worms; but alſo that they be ingendred in every part of their Bodies, and that more die by them, under the notion of FeaPhyſitians or Patients ſu
Although it be Calculated chiefly
Worms, yet a diligent Reader will find, in most particulars, it indifferently anſwers, or ſerves for the diſcovery of most other Diſeaſes, eſpecially the Scorby, another Epidemical Malady.
Beſides thoſe three ſorts in the Bowels, Lati, Teretes, and Aſcarides, which are only mentioned by Authors, both Antients and Neo
I have ript them all up, as neer as I can, with their ſeveral various Cauſes, hyperphyſical and phyſical, general and particular, inward and outward, neceſſary and non-neceſſa&c. with their ſeveral Signs,
Diagnoſticks, and Prognoſticks; alſo their various and horrid
by them introduced; (Nam Terribilia Immania, Dira & terroris plena, ſunt Symptomata quae quotidie exvermibus oriri Conſpicimus) with their Indications and Method of Cure.
Wherein I take the liberty, now and then, for my own pleaſure, a little to expatiate, and digreſs; yet all along, have more reſpected Matter, than Words, Nam verba propter Res, non Res propter verba, and therefore I conſidered, Quid ſcribere, quam quomodo; rather what, then how: Well knowNon eſt orna
Is Multo melius ex
nothing more diſcovers a
But one thing more I ſhall preSumpſi, but Non Surripui; it appears from whence I have taken any thing; for I ſtill ſay, theſe are ſuch a man's words, theſe are his, and yet it alſo appears another thing, then whence it was taken.
There is not the tenth part of thoſe I quote, Phyſitians; for the tenth part of thoſe Phyſitians that ever writ of Worms; and of theſe few that have, none in the way I go. The Method wholly is mine, and that is it that ſhews a Scholer only. I may ſafely ſay, I have injured no Author, but given every man his due. I tread an untrodden path, and
Laſtly, I have mingled Sacra Prophanis; but I hope, not pro
worms the Readers, and a worm the Author of this Book; which muſt all ere long, be ſwallowed up of Eternity and be worm-eaten; the AuWhat manner of perſons therefore ought we to be in all holy converſation and
godlineſs, looking for and haſtening unt
Moſt Phyſitians treating of worms dworms are properly to be reckoned aPreternatural things as being in thperſe: for this is aPhyſitians ranworms is not (I ſay) per ſe,
However, for the better and morviz. to ſhew, that (contrary to th
And, that infinite multitudes of people die by theſe vermin under the Phyſitian is either ſenſible or dream of any ſuch matter; As alſo, that it is a material, if not the moſt material enemy, a Phyſitian is to vermin of ſo generally an evil conſeGalenus teſtatur. Lib. de Diff. Morb. & 14. Method. medend.
viz. to examine,
1. The Subject on which I am to
viz. Worms, The Definition anNames in General.
2. The matter and origination of them whence they are ingendred and of wha
3. Their ſeveral Species and Kinds.
4. The ſeveral parts of the Body
or moſt incident to be mo
5. The Parties affected, or what age of man are moſt ſubject to them.
6. Their Cauſes introducing them.
7. The divers ſigns, Diagnoſticks wherby they are diſcovered to be in th
8. The many direful ſymptomes thereb
9. The Prognoſticks they preſage.
10. And Lastly, the Indications, an
I May therefore without many AmbWorms are certa
They are by the Greeks in general termed Hypocrates hath it. The Antients likeTheras, as the ſameGaleno.
Hypocrates. The Latines call them Lumbrici in general, and Vermes which doth alſo denote Earth-worms: and by us here in England, Worms. For particular names of the ſeveral kinds, ſee beneath, Chap. 3.
LEt us now inquire a little, of whaviz. From putrid, vitious and groſs, viſcid, corrupt matter of what nature ſoever, having a vital principle in it ſelf apt for generation. And although ſome opine their origination is only from crude Pu
or pituitous humours; denying aduſt or cholerick humours can occaſion them, oppoſing their bitterneſs both to putriEt omne putridum ex ſe & ſua natura generare vermes: The aduſt and cholerick, as well as the flegmatick: but not ſo frequently; and the curious may obſerve that worm-wood and the bittereſt herbs (as alſo Vinegar) do pro&c. and the part affected is diſpoſed as to it's degree of heat or moiſture, variousworms are ingendred in us? In the ſubject matter where I ſay like as in the Macrocoſm.
And this muſt needs be ſo, ſince the Reaſons and Cauſes of any Inſects in
Cauſa enim efficiens Calo
Ariſtot. in vitious humours, being the material Cauſe, and have a moiſt kind of heat, or a putrid heat joyned with moiſture, which is the efficient cauſe of worms, muſt needs moſt abound, and be much moleſted with theſe vermin; and adult leſs, by reaſon their heat is more acute and their moiſture leſs: But why ſo many of the Learned, andSennertus that moſt laborious Neoterick ſhould conclude that ſuch as are adult are not at all moleſted with worms, I know not, ſince there is no age nor con
Beſides theſe humours, worms may, ſometimes, be ingendred of the very Chyle and Aliment of the Body, being mixed with putrid and excrementitious hu
Again, they may have their origination in us by contagion, from certain animated effluviums, or vermicular atome-like Corpuſcules
which many times, ſo lurk in the blood and humours (as I ſhall ſhewPhyſitians take noPatients, as commonly as may be, when if they did but conſider the ſtrange Fer
For although the ſeeds of ſeveral Inſects, are, by the power of our ſpirits ſubjugated, which are imbibed in our blood by the Air, our Diet, &c. and ſo not able preſently to ſhew themſelves; yet upon any diſorder or diſeaſe they do moſt effectually.
I know I ſhall meet with many find-faults for this tenet, being not common. But ſuch I ſhall referr to their own eyes to juſtifie what I ſay, if they will take but the pains to view any corrupt blood with aMicroſcope when it is cold, or Wounds, Ulcers, or any ſore, Bubo's, or Botch, where they ſhall plainly perviz. To put both Phyſitian and Patient in a Jealouſie, on any Diſtemper, that
worms
Scorbie may be alſo as Epidemical a Cauſe.
I could inſtance in above Threeſcore Dyſentery; and all by reaſon of worms, moſt of which neworms or brought off the Helminthick matter.
The like I could ſay of ſome in the Meaſles, Small-pox, Convulſions in Children, Feavers in both young and adult, as well before, as ſince that time, that were to admiration cured, even beyond all hope (when no methodical courſe would in the leaſt, make the Diſtemper ſloop) by fighting againſt the worms only.
As it hath been therefore, ever ſince, my cuſtom, in all Diſeaſes, chiefly to ſuworms to be at the bottome (know
So that then the Sum is, That worm may be ingendred and have their origi
LOok how various the matter is, and ſo various and different muſt likeAntients and Neotericks have written con
Hypocrates ſpeaks only of two, Latin Hypocrates,
Aurelius Cornelius Celſus mentions alſo no more, viz. Lati and Teretes, giving this reaſon why Hypocrates mentioned not thoſe flat worms, Becauſe they agree with no determinate age, nor peculiarly belong to any; his buſineſs here, being to name every Diſeaſe incident to each Age; and ſo Galen endeavours to exAphoriſm he was ſpeaking) but rather the adult: But the contrary is apparent to every diligent obſerver; nay, and Hypocrates himſelf in another place (viz. 4. De Morbis) or whoever elſe was the Author of that Book, is of opinion, nay, and poſitively concludes, Youths may be affected with Cucurbitini.
Whence, ſome have made three kinds, adding that of Celſus which Hypocrates omitted, according to that ofAriſtotle, who reckons up three ſorts, and ſo doth Galen in his Comment on that Aphoriſm, viz. 1. Teretes (which are thoſe Hypocrates calls Earth-worms 2. Lati (mentioned by Celſus) are a ſorflat worms and more rate: 3. A
which are a ſmall ſlender ſort of worms as ſmall as hairs ſome of them white, and as Riverius well notes, reflat-worms.
Many of our Neotericks have added a fourth ſort, viz. Cucurbitini. Some divide thoſe Lati or flat-worms into two kinds, the one Long, the other Short
Aſcarides, the later Cucurbitini. Some again, will have Cucurbitini to be a diFernelius, reſerve thoſe Lat
which the Greeks callTaenia ſo a ſort of Cucurbitini denying that thgourd-ſeed like worms are pieces of thoſflat-worms (as many affirm) but makes iAmatus Lucitanus refeAſcarides. And ſome againſt alSennertus, to end the Controverſie, out of Paulu
Aeginetus (who likewiſe took it fromHypocrates, or who ever elſe was the
Lati Lumbrici quae quando abCu
Unum, quod faſciam referTaenia inteſtinoLumbricus latus appellatur, cum nec vivat Alterum vero genus lumbricorum numerum admittit & Taeniam illam ex portionibus multis cohaerentibus & quae obſcedere Cucurbitaeque ſemina quadrata nonnihil referunt, Cucurbitum nominari Lati, or flat-worms
Plato and others worms
Galen Comment in Aphoriſm, Hypoc. 26. lib. 3. extending it Pract. Med. Lib. 3. Part. 2. Cap. 5.) out of Pliny, Nat. Hist. Lib. 11. Cap. 33. g three hundred foot in length, and ſometimes more: And I my ſelf have been Platerus ſayes, he finds no ſuch large
Conſiliator Diff. 10.worm of that ſoGal
affirms, Loco Citato, thoſe Lati Lumbri
to be ſeldome ſeen; andLazarus R
ſayes, one ſhall hardly rancountCucurbitini, as the ſame Galen anRiverius, as alſo Hypocrates, Paulus A
and infinite otheLati Lumbri
broken in pieces, I may ſafely and truworms, as I have frequently obſerved ſeveral Patients of my own, both oLati Lumbrici unbroken.
1 Teretes.
2. Latus. The whole Leangth of the Inteſtines, and ſometimes above 300. foot longe.
3 Aſcarides.
4 Cucurbitini.
5 Furcatus.
6 Curculio.
7 Acits Coru
8 Pinus.
9 Eruca.
10 Holophechion.
12 Roſtrum Anatis Octopedalis.
13 Anguilla.
14 Quinque Pedalis.
15 Lacertus.
16 Pedalis Bifurcatus.
17 Centumpedes.
18 Nonapedalis.
19 Dodroncalis long ▪ Biceps.
20 Scarabeus.
22
23 Hirudo.
24 Cornu roſtrum.
25 Helminthocardia.
Thus amids ſo many various and conPetrus Foreſtus; others Four only, with Hypocrates and the reſt, rejecting Cucur
Yet the moſt rational maintain Worms uſualLongi & Teretes, 2. Bre
reſerLati thereunto, 3. Aſcarides &
as Fernelius loco Citato accompts;
But there hath been many ſorts of
known to be found in humane boZacutus Lucitanus tells us of a Patient of his who black dead worm of a pretty length
and thickneſs with the body all over hairy a ſmall Head and a forked Tail.
Benivenius tells us of a worm that one vomited with a red head round like a peaſe, and covered with hair like a Caterpiller, having four feet and tail like an half-moon Likewiſe,Nicholas Monardus ſpeakworm that a Lady evacuated hirſute bigg, and above a foot long with a doubl
Marcellus Donatu
mentions one that vomited a red worm of the length of a mans hand, having tw
Foreſtus hath a Patient affected with a blac
In like manner.Petro Pachequo meRiverius writes of one thablack worms of the bigneſs and length of a common or ordinary Needle, horned and friable, ſo that on
Valeſius De Tarant
ſayes,Dodonaeus in annotat. ad Cap. 58. Beniven. de abworms that came from a young man in the form of Pine-ſeeds, onForeſtus tells us of one from the TeHenricus à Bra, who vomiworm like unto a Palmer-worm. Morever 9.Riverius hath a Patient in his Obſervations, who ejected a worm
of a Cubit long, and of the thickneſs of a mans finger.
Widrus writes of a a worm of eight foot
Likewiſe 11.Cornelius Gemma tells us of a Wench that voyded an Ele-like-worm, or reſembling a Grigg, generated in the Colon.
Jabucinus ſpeaks of one that expelled a black worm, hairy, five foot long, and of the thickneſs of a Reed. Likewiſe Mortuus Records 13.a green four footed, Hirſute live worm, like unto a Lizard. Such a like ſtory is alſo mentioned by 14.Johan. Ingolſtetteri Norimberg.
Martin Rup. and Fil. Again 15.Fallopius ſpeaks of a worm all over hairy, black, having two heads, & Dodramalis longitudinis propulſus eſt, as he rendreth it, of nine ounces of length, or rather weight.
Geſner tells us of one that voyded by ſtool, a worm like unto a Beetle, black, with long feet and horns. Likewiſe Guilielmus 17.Rondeletius writes of a woman that expelled a worm of two Cubits in length, like unto the worm called Scolopendra, having no eyes nor other part diſtinct; the which he ſays (by reaſon of its rarity) he dryed and kept a long time. And the ſame aforeForestus ſpeaks of a wench who vomited two Beetle-like-worms hal
Alſo from the TeHenricus à Bra, he write of a perſon that voyded by ſtool, a wor
Johannes Hebenſtreit, likewiſe tells us of white worm with a ſharp and horny noſ
And Doctor 20.Edward May, our Country-man (to comvery ſtrange Worm, whitiſh, about a ſpa
But Examples are in finite.
Wherefore, by what hath been ſaid it is manifeſt, that although thoſe ThreQuemadmodum & in mund
and according as the Matter and Cauſe is various anWorms, I muſt conclude them indefinite, and ſo deſcend to the Parts affected.
IN the next place, according to our method, we are to ſpeak of the Parts affected, which are as many as the Speworms be thick, groſs, viſcid, and pumaterial and efficient Cauſes may not be abundant and predoAvicenna concludesour bodies are ſeldome without theſe Cattle. So that, (I ſay) the Kinds cannot be more numerous, then the Parts affected.
Many, notwithſtanding, make only the Belly and Intestines to be affected, ſpeaking of no other worms but Teretes, Lati and Aſcarides; or, as others acTeretes, Cucurbitini and Aſcarides. Teretes affect the upper Intrails and ſmall Guts, being therein gePilorus, for want of food, or by ſome other occaſion, they creep into the Stomach.
Which hath occaſioned that great Controverſie among the Learned, wheworm be generated in the Stomachs.Ariſtotle denies it, whom Duncan Libdelius,
worms are generated in the Stomach?Marcellus Donatus is of the contrary opinion. So isGeorgii Mayr premeMartin Ruland, who illuſtrates it by an example in Cent. 2. Curat. 53. Alſo in Cent. 3. Curat. 94. And inCent. 1. Curat. 34. and 80. So dothForeſtus in divers places. And Zacutus Lucitanus
Prax. Admirand. As alſoRiverius. And I my ſelf knew a man, who by drinking hard, vomited two worms, each of them a yard long and alive; and a Gentlewoman taken ſudworm of
worms may be ingendred in the Stomach, is farther evinced byGalen,
Gabuſinus, Hollerius, Braſavalus, Savanarola, Rondeletius, Theodorus, Priſianus, Petrus Aponenſis, and others of Learning and Credit.
Thoſe that they call Lati, & Faſciae ſeu Taeniae extend themſelves through the whole Intrails, but affect the blind Gut and Colon chiefly, being ingendred in the Cells thereof,Liddelius and others.&c.
Aſcarides affect the moſt inferiour part of the great Gut, or Rectum Inteſtinum, and the outermoſt Sphincter of the Anus.
Theſe are the ſeats and parts affected by the more common and ordinary worms which are more frequently found in our bodies. Yet, that many, nay moſt, if not all parts of the body may be affected by certain vermicles, as well as the Belly and Stomach, I have ſhewed juſt now ſufficiently; But for the more illuſtra
To begin with the HEAD, S
Avicen; as alſoRhaſis: LikewiſNicholas: And,Foreſtus gives an inſutures of his Craniu
ſhould be opened, whereupon, the Chirurgeon found on the Dura mater an ill favour'd worm, which being removed, his pain for ever after ceaſed. Nay, and in the very BRAIN it ſelf, as may be ſeen in thoſe Authors recitedMarcellus Donatus. And in the NOSE, aBenivenius,
Cornelius Gemma,
Victorinus Trincavellus,
Hollerii. De morLudovicus Duretus,
Fernelius, moreoverForeſtus doth not only affirm it, buvoyded ſome from the
Noſtrils, of
and different from what ſhe ejected by vomit, and in Obſervation 28. of the ſame Book, he mentions ſeveral notable ſtoryes from the afore-quoted Authors. And ſo alſoZacutus Lucitanus gives us another inſtance to this purpoſe. And, in the TOES, asAlſaharavius,
Johannes Fernelius,
Lucitanus.
Galen, Diaſcorides and Aetius, have written of Calamint, eſpecially when there are or have been Ulcers, Impoſthumes, and the like, without thoſe parts;Valeſius De Taranta, andFernelius alſo, ſhew the Ears are likewiſe affected.
They infeſt alſo ſometimes the WIND-PIPE or ROUGH ARTERY, if we may believe the ſameAlſaharavius, andAbynſoar: And the ſame is confirmed byAntonius Muſa, andZacutus Lucitanus.
Likewiſe the LUNGS, asAloyſius Mundela, andFernelius contend, ſo dothBenivenius.
The BLADDER alſo may be affected, as the ſameAloyſius Mundela,
Gentilis in Com. P. 3. Tract. cap. 3.Hieronimus Mercurialis,
Benivenii.
Rhembertus Dodonaeus, andJacobus Hollerius note. MoreoverPetro Pachequo obſ. 4.Riverius (as was before hinted) mentions one who voyded maworms by Urin, black, horned, and friable, alſo Rondeletius and Argenterius have examples of this truth.
In like manner the REINS, asFernelius contends; proving they may be therein generated: as alſoHollerius;
Reins, who was freed by a ſweet Clyſter, that cauſed a large evacuation of worms.
Some alſo have been known to voyworms mixt with the Sperm.
The LIVER alſo hath been known to be affected, as atteſtsCornelius Gemma and Gabuſinus.
Nay, the PERICARDION, and HEART it ſelf, is not exempt from theſe vermin; as may be ſeen inMeſues, Matth.
Caruax,
Vidius Junior
Johannes Hebenſtreit,
Hollerii de morb. Internis.Pedemont,
Daniel Sennertus. But a Relation moſMay, who the 7th. of October 1637. found, in the left ventricle of the Heart of one Mr. John Pennant, a young man of 21. years of age, a worm of aworm it ſelf. LikewiſeForeſtus tells us of one from the TeſtiHenricus à Bra, who, for alpain of the Head, was preworm of a ſtrange ſhape.
The Musclely parts of the Body may be alſo affected, as is well obſerved byScolgius. And the very habit of the Body, asAetius, and Aeginetus
Acts 12.23.Luke.
They may alſo poſſeſs the very Cutis and muſculous parts, notwithſtanding their motion, Addrocantia they may be termed when ſo, ſuch are frequently to be found in men and womens Noſes (and other parts too) if they were dili
In a word, not to inſiſt on every part of the body in particular, in ſo clear a caſe; it being evident, there is no part can be ſaid to be free of both the materia, and efficiens; So, I cannot ſee but that all parts, crecks and corners of the Body may be affected then, with theſe vermin. Let us therefore conſider The Parties affected.
AS all Parts of the Body are affected, ſo all Parties and Bodies, all Ages, as well old as young; and Sexes, Male, as Female; and all Conſtitutions of man
According to the AntientsHypocrates,
Galen, Ariſtotle andGalen, the age of man is divided into three parts, Puerilis, Virilis, & Senilis aetas; The firſt, or increaſing age is again ſub-divided into three, I. Infantia, commencing at the firſt minute of his birth, and terminating at the ſeventh year of his age. 2. Pueritia, commencing at ſeven, and ending at the fourteenth
Adoleſcentia, from the fourteenth to the twenty fifth or thirtieth, of tempeGalen contends.
The middle-age Aetas virilis, whereAetas Juventus, the flouriſhing ſtate of man for vigour and ſtrength, commenAetas Conſiſtens, in which a man ſtands at a ſtay, beginning at the thirty fifth, and ending at the forty ninth: of temperature hot and dry.
Aetas Senilis, the decrepid, declining and laſt age, is, from the forty ninth, to the end of a mans life, it being the ſeventh and Clymacterical, and is ſubAristotle, Cicero, St. Bernard, Bocas, Eraſmus, Luther, Melancton, Sternitinus, and infinite others; till which time a man is ſerviceable both in Church xoa tu day
Iſiod
agreeing with that of Moſes, Pſa
90.10. After which, all is Labour an
a burden to the fleſh, and aDotage, or decrepid old age, that is, ge
Or we may divide the ſeveral ages oHypocrates in his laſt eight Aphoriſms. Lib. 3.Infant
newly born. 2. Such as breed Teeth 3. That of Youth to the fourteenth year 4. Qui pubeſcere incipiunt, vel, in foemini
5. That of youn
in ſtrength. 6. Theiſtanding at a ſtay. 7. of Antient People to their Death.
Whereby the frailty and vanity of th
in this tranſitory vile world. For with
Walter Raleighs Hiſtory of the Word, and Dr. Hackwel in his Apology upon occaſion, likeRhodeginus 10.61.62. alluding to the even Planets, we may fitly compare Infancy with the Moon; in which Mercury; wherein we are unVenus; the time of Pleaſure, &c.
Sun; the Summer-time Mars; in which Jupiter; wherein we judge of our &c. The SeSaturn; the Winter of Sun, or, that can be expected iDavid might well exclaimMine Age is as nothing before thee; Verily every man at his beſt ſtate, is altogethe
MY Aſſertion is as clear as the Su
at noon-day; I ſhall not therematerial cauſe of worm
(as you have heard) is any corrupt huefficient cauſe is a putrid moiſChyle, are in the very Blood
and ſollid, Muscley parts of the body, aInteſtines, and Vitals; and contagion
&c. There can be Chapter of Cauſes) or diſorders from within themworms,
I Shall therefore only give you ſome inſtances from the teſtimony of the moſt Learned, to illuſtrate this Truth, Hy
his Diviſion (before mentioned) Infants. Now, although he doth not mention
worms, Aphor. 24. Lib. 3. where he reLib. 4. De Morbis hLati Lumbrici by reaſon of putrid Milk, the which he ſayes, increaſeth as the Child doth by the corruption of the food it takes even till it is dilated through the wholForeſtus hath an inDelph in Holland miſerably macerated with worms. Bu
UNder Child-hood I comprehend alGabuſinus tells us of a Girle flat-worm. AndForeſtus tells us Maria Foreſta, who worms. And in
I have known divers Children, worms before Riverius hath an example of a Child Martin Ruland in ſeveral plaworms. The ſame dothSimione Jacoz. medico Coſtenſi obſerv. 11.Riverius:
Martin
Ruland menworms both by the mouth and ſtool, worms, andHypocrates doth
DID we not follow the mHypocrates in thoſe Ap
this might rather be termed Hypocrates doth particularly aſcriworms; eſpecially Foreſtus illuſtrates this by an exampworms, exceeAlexander Ben
lib. 2. mentions a Wench of worms, was afCatalepſie. And the ſame
tells us of a Youth of nine years worms, that he worms, recovered.Mar
alſo, inſtances one of ten worms. And Epi
and yet againCollick, Termina in Za
hath a remarkable ſtory worms, and Victorinus Trincavellus, records ſeveral Martin
Ruland ſpeaks of a worms. So dothCornelius Gem
and I my ſelf have had many Paflat
as may be ſeen in theObſer
But I ſhall not
EVery one, it may be, may not uUbi pubeſcere in
Galenus Docet pubeſcere Incipiu
Adoleſcentia; when perhaps, Hypocrates doth not, in all thAphoriſms wherein he is ſhewing tAdoleſcentia, becauſe thCum iis qui in pubertate ſunt.
Foreſtus, for the clearer manifeſta
Teretes.
Lati
Aſcarides. AlſoAmatus Lucitanus ſpeaks of a Maid, who evacuated upward and worms. SoMartin Ru
writes of one, of one and twenty vermin, and of another of ſeventeen, a young Gabucinus hath one of three and twenty. But every Author
THat the moſt vigorous, ſtrong and flouriſhing age of mans life alſo (viz. from the twenty fifth, to the thirtieth, including Juventus) is noworms then the former, Fore
Felix Platerus mentions oworms, notwithſtanMartin Ruland haworms in thA. D. Petro Pachequo meRiverius writes of a young mpains in
that he evacuated by Urin, diveworms. In like mannerForeſt
records one whom he knew tormente with Lue Venerea, and almoſt cured, waworm upon the Dura m
AndValeſcus de Taranta cites young man which laboured of an Acu
that voyded worms by the Ears And ſo the afore-quotedSamuel Formio ChyRiverius tell us of a Citizen of Montpelier in France of thirty years old in a Tertian that waAqua Benedicti, that cauſed him to evaflat-worm of ſeven ſoot long
Johannes Jacobus Weckerus, ſpeaks of worm eighteen foot in length.
Hypocrates
worms among thoſe other Diſviz. Aetas Conſiſtens and virilis; yet no worms, then the reſt; a remarkable example of his, is of that man of forty, whichZacutus Lucita
tells us of from the authority of Lu
a learned Phyſitian of Antwerp, who being for many days direfully tormented, and having taken divers Medicines, at length, by evacuflat-worm four Ells long, Qui erat
almoſt as thick as a mans thumb, was freed. And D.Theob. Cneulinus tells us alſo of one of forty years of age, who having a ſwelling about his Groyn, and at laſt, breaking of its own accord, together with much
worms, LikewiſeForeſtus hath an inworms by her Navel.Eraſm
alſo hath a notable ſtory of a man, Italian that had neveGermany, and yet he ſpake thPhyſitian thaworms, wherebItaly. The ſame afore-quotedLucitanus, tells us of a ſtrong luſty fellow who having in his Groyn a great ſwelChyrurgion, there tumbled out two great round worms, with much filth. And in the very next Obſervation, he hath a poor woman, who along time ſuffered great pain and torment in her Belly, &c. and all by reaſon of worms. Again,Benivenius records a fellow of about forty years old, who for a long time was macerated with a moſt inſufferable pain of the Heart,
worm, did afWierus writes pain in his Belly, voyded a monworm, and ſo was freed. And I worms of that Teretes, by the inje
REaſon and Example do both evince us; that this laſt, declining and decrepid old age of man, viz. from the forty ninth year, to the end of his Days (including thoſe two parts thereSenectus and Decrepidus) is alſo frequently vexed with worms, notwithHypocrates doth not mention them among the Infirmities thereof, and if it be not controverted by divers, and denyed by many. For, antient and deworms, ſince as the natural heat decays and conſequently a due Conſortion of the Aliment and Humours; ſo, Coldworms and apt to putrifie, conſequently they can never be free of them.
Neither is it my opinion alone, but the ſollid judgement of many of the Learned, who have given us plenteous examples in this kind.Valeſcus De Taranta atteſts he hath often ſeen old people have worms. LikewiſeBraſavorius reabove fourſcore years of age, which voyfive hundred worms: and I my ſelf had a Patient within two Months of full fourſcore, a woman that voyded ſuch a company of worms by a Medicine I gave her, that they were innumerable, and adjudged to be ſome thouſands, of divers ſorts and magnitudes, eſpecially Teretes and Aſcarides. AndRiverius tells us of a man of threeſcore years old, troubled with worms. In like mannerGarrius Lopius, Scribit ſe vidiſſe m
Alſo weJohanni Frant. Hildeſii ComeSeventy, voyding many worms. AndGabucinus mentions an antient man, who evacuated a monſtrous black worm. Likewiſe I have been credibly informed of a Gentlewoabout Sixty, that vomited a worm of a conſiderable length: But a Patient of Fifty I had, who frequently voyded by Seidge in links, that Cucurbitin-like worm, of a yard and half long. But, ſince this is ſo clear, and ſo commonly known; let us deſcend to the next thing promiſed, viz. Cauſes.
ANd now as touching the Cauſes from whence theſe Vermin ariſe, & are geCauſes, without which iPhyſitians think the Cure half effected, when the Cauſe iTake but away the Cauſe, and th
wherefore I may well conclude withVirgil,
Faelix qui potuit Rerum cognoſcere Cauſas.
It is a moſt difficult thing (I conCauſe
of theſe worms whence they are, and in ſuch variety; to ſay what the origiGeneral and Particular; and, being gui
MY Diviſion of General Cauſes may again be ſubdivided into Hyperphyſical and Phyſical: Hyperphyſical are from
Angels; or, by his perDevil and his Imps,
of which
EVery one that knows butCauſe, and is able to produce theſe He that is
Thomas Aquinas 2. queſt. 25. Art 34.omnipo
infinitely,
abſolute,
ef
Love, Mercy, Patie
1. JohMost juſt and righte
Pſal. 11.17. Rom. 16.5. Most Holy, Iſa. 6.3. Rom. 4.8. Moſt
Matth. 5.48. Moſt excelle
Exod 15.7. Job 31.23. O
Deut. 4.34.35. To conclude, he is moſt bleſſed, Rom. 1.Moſt infinite and glorious, Iſa. 33.21. Exod. 15.11. All i
CZanchius well notes,, I DEO nihil eſt quod non ſit ipſe DE
perfect,
At
Says Scaliger, Er
365. Sect. 6. Et ſic condeſcendit nobis DEUS, ut nos conſurgamus
Auſtia. De Spir. Cap. 112. notes, whom we are not able to and Divine eſsence, that
Atheiſts will dare to deny.
Nam ens abſolutè primum eſt, quod
Scipſo, for then the ſame thing would be the Cauſe and the Effect of it ſelf, it is a meer Sophiſm, or rather AmAliundè, & eſt
quod eſt, & ſed, eſt Se
and then if ſo, he is without Cauſe (for he is abſolutely firſt) and
and being abſolutely firſt, he is alone and none elſe; ſo that it &c.
ſeipſo; therefore Atheiſts may ſooEntia à primo, as they canPrimum, before they can know the Gods.
Thus we findDiana unda conſpecta, convitiis laceſActon metamorphoGoddeſs Diana,
Gallus in Alecton, a favourite of
whom he ſet to keep the door, Goddeſs Venus
Vulcan the God of Smiths,
Vulcan came and caught Gods, and God of the Cuckolds) Mars metamorphoſed into a
which Creature (ever ſince) as
Sol's appearance by his Crowing: That Deeds of DarkneſApollo ſenGrecians, becauſAgamemnon their General, had take nonCreyſeis, as a PrayThamyris Inſanit, in eos qui ſuThamyris for contending with thMuſes (being overcome by them) had h
Much more muſt we confeſs of God GOD (for the puniſhment of Sin) anAngels that they are Cauſers and InLots houſe iSodom (who like fools refuſed twLot, that the Angels ſtruck theblind.
Lots Wife was tranſmuted into Pillar of Salt; and Nebuchadnezzar premetamorphoſed into a Jument, anHis Heart was made like th
Miriam
Leprous. He afflictsConſumption, Ague, or burning Feave
and Paſſions, as we ſee iSaul,
An evil Spirit from the LOR
Alſoaſtoniſhment and madneſs. Gout as inAſah. ThePe
and Epidemical Diſeaſes, he ſends likewiſe when he pleaſes; andHere
Diſtempers, as Gehazi and his poLeprous. To Death it ſelf, as alſo abreviatedLife. Whence it is that David complains,Fools, becauſe of their tranſgreſſions, and becauſe of their iniquities, are afflicted. And Exclaims,I am feeble and ſore broken, I have roared by reaſon of the
And particuWorms, as he afflicts the Court of Pha
Lowſie Evil and Botch. And Diſeaſes of the Bowels he layes on Joram, (which may not unfitly be aworms.) However that of Herod is pertinent, whence it is ſaid, He was immediately
Worms. As alſo Job complains,That his Fle
SEcondly, the Devil, by GOD Imps, Magician
Some I know theDevil accounting all that believDevil.
Sa
who held there were neitheReſurrection, Angel nor Spirit; and ſince hath been mentioned by Aristotle, and
Peripateticks, Epicurus and his gang,
and others; but they are refuted S. Auguſtin, S. Chryſoſtom, S. Cyprian. &c.Stoicks in general, although they in initio vitae Cimonis, Damonaeus, Plin. Secundus lib. de Phantaſmate, Epiſt. 7. Pauſanias, Suetonius, in Caligul. occiſo. Our King James, M. Paulus Venetus, Haytonus in ſua Sarmatorum Hiſtoria, BeParacel
he tells us he hath ſeen Devils diAlexander ab Alexandro, who Marcus aſſures
(that accurate writer of this SubParacciſus de vita Longa.Leo
affirms the ſame, adding far
the Prince of the Air;) and more
Nay, and
Lavatur lib. 1. De veritate fidei, Benzo, &c. Alſo Boiſardus de Spirituum operationibus; Petrus Loperus de ſpectris; Euſcbius, Johabnes Nierus, Nicephorus, Socrates, Sozomaenes, the afere-naLavatur and Vives, write alſo of their divers kinds and orders; but who is inſtar omnium, Pſellus.
Ludovicus Vives evinceth Weſt Indies, and i. e. Theſe of the baſeſt and loweſt Order of them, viz. Terreſtrial Devils, i.e. Lares, Genii, Fauni, Trulli, Wood-Nymphs, Foliots, Fayries.
Rouzeus, Hyperius, Hemi
cum multis aliis, &c.
The Word ofHeaven into Hell; and delivered into everlaſtOrigen held that Devils, damned Spirits, and the Souls of men after a certain time ſhould be freed) to the reſurrection of the Judgement of the great Day. ForAngels of Light, but now Angels of Darkneſs; not begotten, as ſome fondly maintain and conceive with the Thalmudiſts, who (as Pererius on Gen. Cap: 3. verſ. 23. affirms) held, that Adam by his firſt Wife (whom they term Lilis) begat nothing but Devils. But created by GOD before the foundation of the World, Spirits and glorious Bodies, and placed in Heaven, if they could have ſtood in that firſt ſtate without ſinning.
Souls of men deTertullian,
Daemones quam nudae animae quae corpore depoTyrius and Porphyrius contend; For they maintain that the Souls of good men departed, beAngels, or good ſpirits; of bad men Devils, and evil ſpirits; who, through love to their friends yet living, or hatred to their enemies, did help and aſſiſt them, or perſecute and torment them at their pleaſure, &c.
Now theſe Devils are diverſly terIntelligences, Boni & mali genii, &c. what Chriſtians call Angels, thoſe ſame Philoſophers unIntelligences; others, Daemones or Devils, as the Platoniſts call all ſpirits whether Good, or Bad, Devils. The Romans call them Boni & mali genii, Heroes, Lords, if Good; Lemures, Larvae, if bad. Spectra, &c. And umbrae mortuorum, if they appear in the likeneſs of any one dead. If they had any carnal Copulation with men, they were called Succubae; if with women, Incubi. For it hath been known that they have not onmen and women,
See Hector Boëtius, Olaus magnus, ParaDe zilphis, &c.
women bringing money into their ChamFayries; Such were Ceres and Diana oGentiles, ſuch alſo were their Nymphs, &c. But notwithſtandDevi
ſtill, which turns himſelf into ſeveraTritemius, and the reſt of thoſe Maſters of the Black Art: Whence indeed, asKing and others wellAuguſtin, Toſtatus quaeſt. 6. Gen. CiZanchie lib. 4. cap. 10. Thom. Aquinas, Delrio, Eraſtus, Sebaſtian Michaelis, cap. 2. De Spectris.Spirits,
Angels, above and beneath the Moon, Aetherial and Aerial; not ſo much as a hairs bredth empty in Heaven, Earth, or Water, above or under the Earth, there are fiery Spirits alſo.viz. ſtill Devils, of one ſort or other.
I ſhall not here diſpute how far the Power of Devils extends. As, whether they particularly guard men, and Lord it over them, as we our Horſes or Dogs; as the Platoniſts hold. Or, whether they govern Kingdoms, Nations, Towns, Citys, Caſtles, &c. or whether our Religion, Policie, Agreement with our
Devils.
Cardan maintains, they feed on mens Souls, and therefore thinks there is ſome great Feaſt towards when there is any great Battel fought; taking as much delight, as ſome think, to ſee us fight, as we do our Game-Cocks. That all mens Preferments and ProſpeParacelſus contends, none ever was eminent, either in Arts, or knowledge and ſucceſs in War, &c. but he was aſſiſted by the Devil; Whence of old, among the Romans, Heathens, and in this our Land, asBritain.
Verſtegan obſerves, men worſhipped and ſaDevils, as their only GODS: which, if we may believe Leo Suavius and Tritemius, they are greatly ambiMark 5.12. where we find a wholeJob, Job. 2.6.7. and 1.12. and 2.6.Legion of Devils begHerd of Swine; which, till he permitted them, they could not do. And if it were not ſo, the Elect were but in a ſad Caſe;For he goeth about like a roaring Lion, ſeeking whom he may devour.
Yet by his Permiſſion, for the tryal of our Patience, puniſhment of Sin, and the quickning of us to Duty; they ofBell and the Dragon, ver. 36. and 39.Angel did Habuccuck to Daniel; (But if the Apocrypha be of no Authority with thee, that ofEzekiel's being carryed by a Lock of his Hair from the River Chebar, in the Land of the Chaldeans, to Jeruſalem, certainly will; (yet theJames in his DemoKing cannot be ſatisfied how ſuch a quick motion ſhould conſiſt with the life of the tranſported.)Philip was carryed away by the Spirit, when he had baptized the Eunuch.) make men ſword and ſhot-free, to feel no pain upon the Wrack, convert themWitches; but this old Serpent deluPhilters, Amulets, Sigils, Lamens, Pictures, Unctions, Frecaſings, and Roaſtings, with their ſeIncantations, Imprecations, Names, Characters, Planetary houres, Particular Configurations, Aſpects of the Planets, Circles, and ſuch like toys; which are of no force or efficacy as to the Feat intenMagicians, Conjurers, &c. is ſtill the Devils Power and Actings.
Beſides, as to the buſineſs in hand, it is not only my opinion, but of infinite
Hypocrates
Falling Sickneſs that think it is cauſed by the Devil. So likewiſe Plotinus
Devils can cauſe Diſeaſes: Yet, if we do but conſider the great and admirable knowledge of theſe Devils, or evil Spirits,
Devils can cauſe this or any other DiſDevil being more knowing, thenCardan adds (In the ſtory of the ſeven Devils that appeared to his Father) they
Kings and chiefeſt Philoſophers in Parts and ExcelAuguſt.
Can joyn the Agents with the Patients, collect the ſeeds of things together, and apply them when he hath done;
he can without impediment penetrate through all the Parts of our bodies, and cure our Maladies to us unknown, and that, whether they be cauſed by him or no. Irrepentes corporibus occulto morbus lingunt, mentes torrent, membra Diſtorquent.
Lypſius, PhiAuguſt. Tertullian.
Cauſe and Cure most Diſeaſes, &c. Partim quia ſubtilioris ſenſus acumine, partim ſcientia validiore vigent & experientiam propter magnam longitudinem vitae, partim ab Angelis Diſcunt.
The Devil being a ſubtil Spirit can eaſily inſinuate and work himſelf into the bodies of men and women, whereby he may vitiate our healths, overthrow our Conſtitutions, terrifie our minds, and ſhake our Souls; Nay, they mix themſelves with our evil humours,
Avicenna, therefore, things that ſine interventu humoris, neiRhaſis,
Arabian, and Aurelianus upon Rhaſis, Montaltus, Pſellus, Sennertus and divers others with Paracelſus, who give us ſome inſtances out ofRemigius and the reſt, he can as well effect his miſchievous Deſigns in this kind without any mediation of huLavatur.
Devil to it, and becauſe moſt prone to the Devils temptations and deluſions, it is by ſome called the Devils Bath.
Sometimes he thruſts the humours to the Eyes, and makes men blind. SomeDeafneſs. SomeSpaſmus, Cramps, Palſies, &c. or to the Joynts, whence enſue Gouts; or to the Brains, exciting Apoplexies, Catalepſies, Epilepſies, Melancholies, and many times Deſpairs and Madneſſes. Sometimes alſo, he affecteth the Spirits, by corrupting or diſappointing them; whence ariſeth intollerable pains and aches, eſpecially in membranous parts.
Theſe things being conſidered, and diligently weighed; it muſt needs be granted, they may not only be the CauGodleman, andThomas Eraſtus ſtiles him, An Excellent Phyſician and expert; through his exquiſite knowledge and experience) and in particular of this, by vitiating and corrupting of our humours, in all and every part of our bodies. Cornelius
Gemma illuſtrates this by a notable example of a Wench, who was as if ſhe had been poſſeſſed of the Devil, and at ſometimes could not be held by three men (ſuch were her ſtrong conWorm by ſtool, like unto an Eelc, of a foot and half long, the which, he ſayes, he not only ſaw, but felt: And thus, when GOD gave him Commiſcloathed Job with worms, Job 7.5. which was probable, came out of his imbroydred ſores, which he abounded with, from the Crown of the Head, to the Sole of the Foot; he makes alſo ſome to beLunatick, others he affects in another manner; as that crooked Woman in theGoſpel, &c. Sometimes (as was ſaid) by the mediation of HuPhyſitians have herein been deceived, as appears by their Writings (which we ſhall ſpeak more fully of beneath,Sennertus
Witches, who were then in Priſon, and upon their Examinations, confeſt as much. And ſometimes he deVerſtegan, of the Pied Piper, that carryed away an hundred and ſixty Children from the Town of Hamel in Saxony, on the 22. of July, Anno Dom. 1376.Devil.
Eraſtus
Imps, are oftenDevil himſelf; who if he had not been excited by them, would not ſo frequently moleſt mensImps of the Devil, his Inſtruments, by which he acts
Magicians (which ſome call Conjurers) And 2. Witches; by the former he is com
YOU muſt know now, that theſe Magicians and Conjurers, by a Contract with thei. e. Thoſe of the loweſt rank and meaneſt quality out of an itching deDevil, or League and Solemn Covenant, made by word of mouth, or by writing (which then is ſigned with the Magicians own blood, and then the Devil touching them in ſome part of their bodies (which in Witches cauſes aforms and effects, and ſo he injoyns them to obſerve particular Conſtellations, Days, Planetary hours, Long Prayers, Unctions, ſeveral Perfumes, divers Circles, Bounds and Figures, TrianDevil deludes them, making them believe, they may, in this manner command him to come and go at their pleaſure, and to do any thing they in
The Forms performed on the Devils part, are to determine in what ſhapes he ſhall appear unto them.
The Effects are thoſe ſeveral ſorts of Services, which he binds himſelf to be ſubject to, and to do for them: and
Magician; For, with ſome he is more familiar and converſant, as with Flacius Cardanus, who was conHieronimus Cardanus, lib. 19. De SubCardan reportsAmulets and Rings, or to one of the Nails of their Fingers, and the like. Paracelſus (as Eraſtus notes) had one limited to the Pummel of his Sword (wherein others imagined he kept the great Elixir.) Likewiſe in Livonia, it is ordinary for Spirits to do their Drudgery-work, as carry Burthens, cleave Wood, go on Errands, and fetch them Intelligence from all parts of the World, and that in an Inſtant; as isBoizardus, Sprangerus, Bodinus.
Conjurers, he gives power to ſell Wares at a dearer or cheaper rate, to Cure Diſeaſes as well as Cauſe them, anſwer all manner of Queſtions, and
Lapland (where it is uſual for them to ſell Mariners ain his Hiſtory, De Ribus Danicis.Indian Prieſts of old, as Olaus Magnus
Oracles. But I ſhall not too far digreſs.
Whether there are any ſuch CreaMichael Scot, Joannes Wierus, Ewichius, Biarmanus, Ennealdus, Auſtin Lechemar a Dutch-man, and others: But they are incountred by St. Auguſtin, Zanchius, Paracelſus and his Antagoniſt Eraſtus, Cam
King James the 6th. of Scotland and firſt of England, Boccatius, Bodinus, Rouſaeus, Paulus Grilandus,
Witches.
Daniel Sennertus, Antonius Torquineda, and infinite oDivines and Phyſitians. Nay, and common expeEngland, in divers parts, eſpecially in Lancaſhire, Cheſhire, Hereford-ſhire, Eſſex, Suſſex, &c. And in Scotland, almoſt in every place. I reLeith-Links, who not only confeſſed themſelves to be Witches, but alſo ſome of them, that they had CarBarbara Vortubers, nomine, Anno 1624. Die 5. Julii, confeſſa eſt ſe cum Diabolo, concubu6. Part. 9. cap. 6. Infuſing perhaps, by his diabolical Coition, ſome poyſonous ferment whic
Devil, who haunted them conſtantly, (as they ſaid) for that very end; they had alſo, the Devils Mark upon them, the nature of which is ſuch, as if you thruſt a Pin, Needle, Aul, Bodkin, or what elſe you will thereinto, they are no more ſenſible of it or pain, then if they were dead. And for beyond Seas Paulus, Grilandus, and Sprangerus give us ample teſtimony of this truth, having written the HiſtoRemigius and Bodin alſo, have written to the ſame purpoſe, whoſe Authority is not to be doubted; telling us of many that were carryed away into remote places, by the uſe of anOlaus Magnus is of this opinion. However, ſome maintain, that ſuch Witches, even while they are at their meetings, have been all that while in theirPaul ſpeaks in anSigiſmund Scheritzius ſays, he hath often conupon Goats backs, flying in the Air, and that he heard Witches themHabacuck, Ezechiel and Philip evinceth this truth, though it ſeem ſtrange to the King. And ſuch inſtances are ſo com
But that there are Witches, is farther manifeſt from the Word of GOD, where he expreſlyNot to ſuffer a Witch to live. Now if they were Dreams and Fancies, as ſome dreamingly conceit, GOD would neSamuel declareth, that Rebellion is as the ſin of Witchcraft. Now, to compare a thing to what is not in eſſe, were abſurd; which, to imagine of this Author, were more then impious. It is apparent alſo from theWitch of Endor, although Wieru
and others, have wickedly, as well as weakly, gone about to make only a Cheat, or a Deceiver of the Word, ſo deceiving and cheating themſelves, as well as others. So that the Scripture doth not only evince the truth, but alſo conSimon Magus, and in her who had The
Spirit of Python, or Divination, notwithſtanding theſe alſo, are by ſome made to be raMagicians, then Witches.
I confeſs, however, it is no eaſie matter to diſcover who is a Witch: ſince there is hardly any certain way taken
Witch, whereby they conceit themſelves freed from the power of the Witch, and abſoWitches, and ſo proDevil;
Witch.
Scotland for the diſcovery of Witches: but how rational, I leave to the meaneſt Capacity to judge; For, who of the beſt of them, might not, either through fear, be terrified into ſuch a Confeſſion; or through love to
Neither is the voluntary Confeſſion of the party ſufficient to evince a raWitch. For many times, melancholly and deluChristophorus à Vega, who conFranciſco Ganſavino, who could not be perſwaded, but that he was Pope, and thereupon would needs make Cardinals, grant Indulgencies, Pardons, &c. And Marcellus Donatus
confidently believed ſhe could ſhake all the World with her little Finger, and was afeard to ſhut her Hand cloſe, leſt ſhe ſhould ſqueeſe the World to pieces like a rotten Apple. How eaſily therefore both Judge and Jury may be deceived, is apparent.
Burning of the ſuſpected perſons
Devil, who accordingly brings to paſs their Conceits, that he may farther inſnare, delude and bring about his manifold Devices; which continually he labours to vent and act upon mankind.
Nay, he is ſo cunning, as to make the bewitched party able (as it were by way of Propheſie) to diſcover the Witch, by deſcribing the ſhape of his, or her body, age, complexion, ſtature, habit, manner of life, nay, and ſecret moles and marks about their bodies; whereby, although ſometimes (to bring his own Imps to ſhame) he tell truth; yet at other times, and moſt times, he flatly anſwers many innocent people, and frequently (by GODS permiſſion) is the deſtruWitches, or Wizards; and ſo through paſſion, igDevil the FaBoiſardus, and it is of a Gentleman of his familiar acquaintance, who being about two Months marryed to a fair and delicate Lady, was forc'd by reaſon of a MurMagician, liMagician acquaintviz. That the young man was his own BroMagick, and the Lying-True-Devices of the Devil. Whence you may ſee, many men may be deceived, amidſt theſe amWitches.
So that it is evident, that neither Magicians, nor theſe Witches, do any thing of themſelves; But are means, Imps and Inſtruments (as I have ſhewed) to do his Will: but it is he himſelf acts all for them. And thus, whatever he can himſelf effect by GODS permiſſion, or bring to paſs, that they may be ſaid to be able to do by his aſſiſtance. And therefore, may be inſtrumental of cauWorms.
How to know when ſuch Patients as are ſuſpected to be bewitch't, are really ſo, and whether their Diſeaſes are SuSupernatural Cauſes.
I Come now to Natural Cauſes in geUniverſal and Primary, or 2. Secondary and Particular, Primary and Univerſal, are the Heavens, Starrs,
Campanella, Kepler, Cajetan, Democritus. The leaſt fixed ſtar, if we may believe Ticho Brahe and Gaſſendus is eighteen times bigger then the Earth, the greater or thoſe of the firſt magniGaſſendus,
Italian miles; why is it ſo difficult then, to believe theſe vaſt bodies have influence over us, that are but a punctum in compariſon?Planets. Some I know are ſo nice, that this tenet will not down with them, others ſo unwiſe, as to attribute no more to their Vertue, or the Power and Influence of the Planets or Signs, then to the Signs at InnChamber; But he hath been ſo fully anſwered by the famous and Learned Sir Chriſtopher Heydon, that neither he,
Joannes Picus Mirandula ſhall conceive he hath, notwithſtanding, ſuffiLucius Bellanſius, in Anſwer to all his Arguments, they will find themſelves deceived. I know Sextus Empericus, Sextus ad Heminga, Pererius and others, have exploded this truth; But it is, as I have noted by Pirovanus, Gochlenius, Maraſealertus, &c. as much applauded: as I do not agree with them on the one extream, who accompt the Starrs to be vertuleſs, made only to adorn the Heavens, and fools to gaze on: So on the other ſide, I muſt as much condemn and diſallow of the deluding practices of cheating Impoſtors, under the name of Aſtrologers, ſo frequently practiſed among us in every Town and Countrey, pretendApology Reſtored, Epiſt. to the Reader, fol. 3. and 6. and in lib. 1. cap. 13. & 20. Alſo in my Treatiſe of Poyſons in the Epiſt. Dedi
For, ſince GOD hath made nothing in vain, the Starrs muſt have power and efficacy; and if they be forSigns, and Seaſons, and Dayes, and Years, they muſt ſignifie ſomething, eſpecially ſince they differ from one another in magniSun and Moon alone, who alway keep one and the ſame Courſe, but that the Starrs have alſo therein, their working, according to the places, and Configurations of the LumiPlanets and Fixed Starrs, as they are intended or remitAſtrol. Reſtor'd. lib. 1. cap. 6. Printed 1653.Sun (though it's Semidiameter be 1500. times bigger then that of the Earth) is but a point in comviz. 42000000 Semidiameters of the Earth; or, according to the other accompt. 175434000000 of common miles.Heavens and Starrs, thoſe numberleſs glorious Bodies, or that GOD in the treaſure of his infinite Wiſdome can be wanting
Star a peculiar Vertue, ſince we ſee every Spring cold Earth, Plants of all ſorts, Fruits, Flowers, Seeds, Stones, Minerals, Birds, Beaſts, Fiſhes, and the very excremental parts of the baſeſt of them, hath the like.
So that there is nothing more certain, then that they are (next under GOD the firſt moving Cauſe) the ſecondary Cauſes of the generation and corrupAuguſtin frequently inculcates theſe words in his Works, Deus regit inferiora, per ſuperiora, agreeing with that of Hermes,
Paemander.
Quod est ſuperius, est ſicut id quod est Inferius. And Gerſon excelHeaven is the Inſtrument of GOD, whereby he governeth this corruptible, inferiour, elementary World. AndThat GOD foreknowing the Chances of men, had deſcribed certain agreeable Tokens in Heaven concurring
with the courſe of the World, even to the Day of Judgement. And indeed, they are the unwritten Laws of GOD; or as the ſame Gerſon in anotherThe Heavens are a Coach or Chariot of Divine Vertue, by whoſe motion, light, and influence, GOD orders and diſpoſes of elementary things, in this inferiour World. And St. Bazil, That they are a written Book, which indicates and declares unto us the glory of GOD and his ſecret Divine Majeſty: whence the ſame Gerſon,
Trilaq
P. De Ariano,
Flood of Noah, Sects, Schiſms, and other moſt notable Accidents were ſignified in the Heavens long before. And St. Auguſtin (who writes from Varro, and Varro from Caſtor) affirms, that Venus being a fore-runner of Ogyge's Flood, was chanColour, Figure, Magnitude and Motion. And in anotherMacrocoſm or Microcoſm, ſave only our ſpiritual part; I confeſs they have no power on the Will of Man or his Soul, but by accident, ſo far as the Soul with the faculties thereof follow the temperature of the Body, and that Mores ſequuntur temperaturam Corporis;
Galen proves with whomJaſon Pratenſis,
Proſper Calenius,
Levinus Lemnius, with many others, and all Divines conſent: Nay, the Heavenly Bodies make in us Habits, Complexions, and Diſpoſitions, and inStarrs in general, ſo as that there is an impoſſibility for man to know their ſpecifical vertues (as ſome half-witted fellows fancy) but the ſame St.Auguſtin concurrs with Aſtrologers, that the quality of Saturn is Cold.
Add to this, that Arius Montanus, Vatablus, Tremelius, Junius, Melancton, Calcin, and our later Divines allow Starrs Influencies to extend to the ſtate of the Wether, Plenty or Scarcity of the Year, Plagues, Sickneſſes and Health of our Bodies, and to the Direction of the Phyſitian when to Purge by Pill, when by Potion, or Phlebetomy: Nay and beyond the Air their Influences reach even to, and into the bowels of the Earth to the maturating and producing all ſorts of Minerals, and thoſe ſtrange effects which we meet with in the world, and this Aſclepius
Ammonen
Neither is the temperatures of men exempted according toMatthew, where it is ſaid, the Lunatick is offered to CHRIST to be healed, which Diſtemper, as Reaſon and common ExMoon, ſuch a ſtrange predomiParacelſus aſcribes more to Starrs, then Humours; affirming poſiAlmighty ſo to form ſome men that they might be only affected with the Influencies of Saturn, or Mars, or the Moon, and not at all of Jupiter, the Sun, Venus, or Mercury; and ſo è contra, ſince man-kind was faſhioned and made after the Starrs of elementary matter.
Whence, perhapsHypocrates counPhyſitians to have an eſpecial Care to obſerve the ſeaſons of the year, eſpePhyſitian, muſt be Phyloſopher, moreover
Aſtrologie is of no ſmall uſe unto them that ſtudy and practice Phyſick; giving this Reaſon, Becauſe our Bodies alter in their temperatures with the Seaſons, which change according to the motion and place of the ſeveral Conſtellations. So doth Galen in ſeDe Diebus Decretoriis, Cap. 2, 3, 4, 5. The which is alſo confirmed byAvicenna, where he affirms the Moon to be Cauſe of Critical Dayes, proMoon, and middle places between both, as they have reſpect to her firſt place in which ſhe was, at the time of the Patients DecumHealth to the Fortunate Starrs, and Sickneſs to the unfortunate. That is, per accidens, for per ſe, they are not evil; but this inferiour world, being contiHeavens. As we ſee many
Starrs Influencies, ſince I have been largerIn my Lux Veritans, Vox Stellarum, and Aſtrologie Reſtored.
If then, we rightly conſider of what hath been premiſed, viz. That Man is not exempt from the Influencies of the Starrs and ſuperiour Celeſtial Bodies, beStarrs have Influencies in general, and particularly are the Cauſes of all generation and corruption; That they are the Cauſes of our Health and Sickneſs, &c. It will be no difficult matter to perceive the truth aimed at in this my Digreſſive Diſcourſe of Starrs Influencies, Cauſes of Diſeaſes. And in a particular, and eſpeWorms, by a ſecret property and innate vertue in the bodies of mankind of all Ages and Conſtitutions, as well as by their Light and Heat, may excite, exagitate,
Vermin. Whence we ſee that in Autumn, and in the Spring men are moſt ſubject to the ingendring of them, the humours being by the ſeaſons diſturWinters Cold, and Summers uncertain Heat (cauſed by the ſeveral ConſtellaStarrs and vaPlanets as they are ingendred, or remitted) are likewiſe occaſioned. Whence in Winter, by its Cold and Crude Air, many Crudities of the like nature are accuSummer by its ardent heat, in impure Conſtitutions, and ſuch as have an aptiworms, are abundantly multiplyed. At all times, and in all Conſtitutions, more or leſs may this be verified; according as the body is in temperature, or diſpoſed: and the Celeſtial Influencies be tending to
Beaſts and Plants, nay and Men alſo, in great danger, by a particuworms.
Neither is it almoſt poſſible, there ſhould be any Conſtitution of the Air, or Seaſon; but in one other, theſe Vermin will be thereby ingendred: ſince our natural heat, and corruption, and putrifaction, differ only in Degree. For, that which doth help to digeſt and correct the faeculent and putrid humours
Planet and Conſtellation.
They cauſe in us worms alſo, by their exhaling power and vertue, thereby in
Some object againſt all this I know, or may; from that Axiom, Forma viventis, nobilioris forma ſolis, quae tantum est forma mixti. So concluding with that Theorem, Nibil poteſt ſeipſo nobilius generare. But this would run us into a larger Diſpute, then ſuits with this ſmall Tract; wherefore I ſhall referr you to Philoſophers.
LEt us now (having ſpoken briefly of General) deſcend to Particular Cauſes of theſe Vermin. Particular and Secondary Cauſes, then, or peculiar efficient and natural (as in reſpect of the other they may be termed) are either 1. Inward and Innate, or 2. Outward and Adventitious.
LIkewiſe Inbred Diſtempers may be alſo ſubdivided, into 1. Natural, or 2. Hereditary.
I Shall begin with Congenite and Natutural Cauſes, which are all the Ages of Man, from the Cradle to the Grave; which no one can avoyd that lives in the
As we ſee Infancy is but (as it were) a maſs of corruption and putrifaction, and (in a manner) made up of nothing elſe according to that of Job,
I have ſaid to Corruption, thou art my Father, to the Worm, thou art my Mother, whence they oftentimes are born into the world with them, as was
And after they are born, how long do they live upon Milk and ſuch a Diet as is moſt prone to corrupt and ingender them, to overthrow the tender frame of their Conſtitutions, to ſubvert the Courſe of Nature, hinder Digeſtion, improve Natural Heat, and introduce infinite ſorts of Crudities, the Seeds not only of theſe Vermine, but of moſt, if not all Diſeaſes.
And when they are able to run about, the caſe is the ſame with them for mat
Again, after the fourteenth year of their Age to the twenty fifth, who but they? And how many hundred thouſand, wayes do they in their youth, by their head-ſtrong courſes, inordinate drinkSalomons Brute. g Theſe Diſorders hinder Natures operations, whence enſue Crudities, ingendring worms.
The ſame may be ſaid of the Fifth and Sixth Ages, ſince not one man or woman of ten thouſand, either know how to order their lives, to chuſe what is advantagious, and avoid what is ofChangelings (they ſay) indeed: for their obſtinacy, and perſeverance in evil, it's true, they are none; it were well, notFools, or Changelings in that ſenſe. They are too wiſe to be adviſed, or to amend; a ſhort Life and a ſweet pleaſes them beſt; and let them take it for me.
And as for the Seventh and laſt Age, in which there is a decay of Natural Heat, whereby Coldneſs and Crudiworms which are apt to putrifie; it muſt needs be full of them, as I have by ſeveral Inſtances
ANother Congenite, Iaward and Eminent Cauſe of Worms, is our Conſtitution and Temperature in the whole, or in part, which we receive from our Parents: who, if by their own diſorderly living, have contracted virulent Diſeaſes upon them, or have them communiSouls Infuſion, Cap. 3. Sect. 3. Printed 1661.Ludovicus Mercatus, who hath largely and learnedly written of Hereditary Diſeaſes, adviſeth all Families to make Choice of ſuch as are contrary to their own Naas is the Father in Temperature (ſayes that famousFernelius) ſo is the Son: So that look what Diſtemper or Infirmity the Father had when he begat him, the Child will have the ſame. Inſtancing in antient people, craſed and weak, who beget infirm Children, Weaklings, &c. AndLevinus Lemnius, That fooliſh and fantaſtical women beget wild and runningpated Children. For, where the ComNolphius excellentlythat it alters even the Primary Cauſes and Decrees of Heaven.
So that from this depraved origination of our infirm Parents, we being alſo infirm, our viſcera eſſentially weak, no wonder Crudities enſue, and from thence, not only worms; but moſt, if not all Diſeaſes, and that irreſiſtably; for, according to Horace,
Naturam expellas furca, licet uſque recurret.
To prevent therefore, Hereditary Maladies, many well-governed NaHector Boëthius
Scots, among whom, it was formerly a Cuſtom, that if any that had the Falling-ſickneſs, Madneſs, Gout, Leproſie, or any ſuch virulent Diſeaſe, that was likely to be conveyed from the Father to the Son ſhould be found, he was inſtantly gelded; if a woman, ſhe was kept from all company of men, and if they found any with ſome ſuch diſeaſe, to be with Child, ſhe with her Brood were immediately buryed alive. Whence perhaps it is, that moſt commonly, the people of that Nation (eſpecially the men) exceed in comliEngland. It being uſual, as the ſame Boëthius
Orchades to live an hunJohannes Bodinus obſerves)
MY Method (having briefly ſpoken of Inward and Innate Cauſes) leads me to ſuch as are Outward and Adventitious, which happen unto us after we
Evident and Remote, or 2. Proximate, Antecedent and continuated, &c.
I Shall begin with the firſt and chief of theſe outward Cauſes, viz. Evident and Remote, which are again ſubNeceſſary, and 2. Nonneceſſary.
UNder Neceſſary Cauſes are compreSix Nonnatural things, viz. 1. Air, 2. Diet, meat and drink, 3. Sleeping and Waking, 4. Retention and Evacuation, 5. Rest and Exerciſe, 6. Animi
Paſſions and Perturbattons of the mind. They are called Neceſſary Cauſes, becauſe they neceſſarily alter us, according as they are uſed, or abuſed by us: And Nonnatural things, Non, quod non ſint ex rerum naturalium
numero; not that they are not to be numbred among other things of the World, or are contrary to Nature. But becauſe they do not ſo appertain to the Conſtitution of our Bodies, neither are they unnatural, or beſides Nature, but as it were, a medium between preSennertus divideth them into four Claſſes. 1. Thoſe that are received into our Bodies. 2. Thoſe that are carryed about with us. 3. Thoſe that are reteined and evacuated. 4. And thoſe that are extrinſecal and without us. Some being External and ſome Evident, if we rightly conſider; the External, or thoſe that may be moſt properly ſo termed, are the two firſt, Air, Meat and Drink, cum extrinſecus accident; the Evident are the four laſt,
Sleeping and Waking, Rest and Exerciſe, Retentions and Evacuations, Paſſions of the Mind. The which he juſtly terms Evident, then External Cauſes in a ſtrict ſenſe; however, they are generally ſo re
So that Diviſion will be here neceſviz. Evident and Manifeſt, and Occult, Secret or Hidden; Evident and manifeſt Cauſes, or ſuch as are underſtood and are obvious to the ſenſes whether they be without, or within the Body. Hidden, Secret and Occult Cauſes are on the other ſide, ſuch as are not at all ob
Thoſe Nonnatural which are received into our Bodies, are 1. The Air, 2. Meat and Drink, 3. Medicaments, &c. HowThoſe that are carryed about with us, are the motions of the Body and Soul. As Perturbations, Anger, Joy, Grief, and Fear, with thoſe divers ſubordinate Paſſions, as Diſcord, Strife, Emulation, Hatred, Choler, Indignation, Love, Ambition, Covetouſneſs, Pride, Jealouſie, Mercy, Pity, Anxiety, Care, Diſcontent, Deſpair, Moleſtation, Trouble, Lamentation, Miſery,
Heavineſs, Mourning, Terrours, Affrights, Amazements, Horrours, &c. Alſo Sleeping and Waking, Exerciſes of the Soul and Body, Frictions, Walking, Running, Riding, &c. 3. Thoſe that are Reteined and Evacuated, are the Sperm, Menſes, Hemorrhoids, Blood by Phlebotomie, Sweat, Teares, Urin, or other Faeces. 4. Thoſe that are extrinſecal, are thoſe which inAir, Cloths, Baths, Unctions, Frictions, &c. Of all which ſome
DIvers Opinions there are touching the Air, and Diſputes whether it be Cold, according to the Stoicks; or Hot and Moiſt, according as the Peripateticks argue; but on theſe I ſhall not ſpend time; but content my ſelf with that Definition ofAriſtotles,
as is the Air, ſuch are our Spirits,
and as our Spirits ſo likewiſe are our Humours. Our Bodies muſt be conſequentne minimum quidem temporis, without it; being con
As a thick Air thickneth the Blooda vitiated Air and impure ſubverts the Natural Tempers and Conſtitutions of our Bodies, and chanSouthern Winds and Nocturnal Air, is thick and unwholA Tempeſtuous Air is altogether as bad; Aêr conturbatus ſanguinem turbat ac conſpurcat; a diDevil oftentimes (as Lemnius thinks) takes occaſion in ſuch ſtorms, when the Humours are thereby perturbed, to enter into our bodies with them, and ſo exagitates our Spirits, vexes our Souls, and corrupts our Humours. A thin Air on the other ſide, reſolves the Spirits, attenuates the Humours; and if joyned with moiſture, expoſes them as much to putrifaction as the other, if we may believe our own Reaſon, and then that it may be the introducing cauſe of worms will not be denyed; I mean Aer in Subſtance.
In Qualitie alſo it may be no leſs a Cauſe, eſſentially to ſome certain bodies, who, according to their divers diſpoſitions and the pravity of their Humours, they become corrupted; for the Air affecteth our bodies either by heating or cooling, drying or moiſtning. An hot Air renAriſtot. lib. 4. Meteor. Calor naturaCalor. & lib. 2. De gener. & inter. cap. 9.worms, and Death oftentimes
Arabia under the Dog-Starr, the Heart is apEquator, it is ſo intenſe. Whence it is that in Meſopotamia, Apuleia, in Cyprus, Malta, the Holy Land, and very hot Countries, men ſeldom live long, being accompted old at thirty. Nam naturalis calor evaporavit, defluit humidum naturale, & ſiccas partes deſtituit; in hac humidi & ſicci ſeparatione conſiſtit miſti interitus.
A Cold Air on the other ſide, is as pernitious almoſt as Hot; for this Cold being a forcible impugner of Heat, the beſt and choiſeſtSed quod primis corporibus ſublunaribus
inſint, & quod ex ſe invicem nos fiant; For it is their proprima ſenſibilia, that is tactile bodies, Quatenus talia ſine Differentia, as they affect the ſenſe of feeling, and as they are in all bodies, they are obnoxious both to generathat Quality which gains Homoge
as we ſee in Ice, things different are joyned together by Cold.Frigus non co
as Zabarel, lib. 2. D
cap. 8. Yet is it not to be eſteCar
accompts it: For it is an abſolute quality ſince it may be perceived by ſenſe, and hath certain powers of acting and reſiſting Heat, which to a bare privation cannot be aſcribed. It muſt therefore be accompted one of the primary qualities (as we call them) and may be the cauſe of putrifaction; yet the proper ſubject of putrifaction is meaſture.worms, but moſt Diſ
In like manner, a Moiſt Air is not only bad, but the worſt of the three, deſtroying Natural Heat, and that chiefly, if it be a cold moiſt Air, filling the Bones, Inteſtines, and the whole man with Crudities and ill Humours; if hot and moiſt, it begets Rottenneſs and Corruptions, ſtirring up infectious and putrid Diſeaſes. So that I may well conclude, then it muſt needs be an introducing Cauſe of worms, and that of all ſorts.
A Dry Air alſo, is very bad, and asJoannes Crato hath it, Admodum Peſti adverſatur, to be avoyded, even as the Plague it ſelf, a cauſer of Obſtructions, a waſter and conſumer of the Humours, and if it be joyned to moiſture, it cor
Thus the Air, both in relation to its Subſtance & Quality, may be a Cauſe both of worms and other Maladies; as alſo all things elſe, more remotely, which have influence on, and can alter the Air in either of theſe manners.
EVery thing then that alters the Air, either in Quality or Subſtance, may be a Cauſe; and we know it is incident to mutations Many wayes. As 1. From the Starrs. 2. By the Seaſons of the Year. 3. By Winds. 4. By Meteors. 5. By the Zones. 6. By the ſeveral Climats. 7. By the Four Quarters of the World, 8. By the ſeveral Regions. 9. By Cities and Scituations. 10. And laſtly, By the Particular Conſtitution and Nature of Places.
1. That the Air is altered by the Starrs will be evident, if we but conſider how we are inclined more to Mirth,Virgil's in Georg.
Verna ubi tempeſtas, & coeli mobilis hu mor. Cunctavere vires, & Jupiter humidus Auſtro: Vertuntur ſpecies Animorum, & pectore motus Concipiciunt alios.
Or that of Ovid2.De Ponto,7.
Temperie Coeli corpuſanimuſ que juvatur. que
And it is commonly known, even to the meaneſt Capacity, that when the Sun enters the Equinoctial point of Aries (or the Earth into Libra (as Copernicus, Galileus and others will) the Spring forthviz. The Tropick of Cancer, (or the Earth Capricorn) he beZenith, Summer is occaſioned. In the ſecond Equinoctial Libra (or the Earth in Aries) he makes Autumn. In the laſt Tropick of Capricorn (or the Earth in Cancer) Winter. The other Starrs by their ſeveral Aſpects and Configurations with them, as they are
Summer, and Cold in Winter, to be more violent or moderate. Again, we ſee when he cometh into Taurus, and ſtirreth up the vertue of Pleyades, Hyades, or Virgiliae, Athoray, or Atarage towards the latter end of Taurus, and the Haedi to the North thereof, and Orion about the tenth of Gemini to the South, or Rigel, Algenze, Algebar; as alſo Arcturus or Azamech in the Conſtellation of Bootes, then ſetting; theſe ConſtellaSaturn never leaves one Sign and enters another, (without the Interpoſition of other Aſpects) but he occaſions TemLuminaries with the other Planets and Starrs: As when they are in any Aſpect of Saturn their oppoſer, who hath dominion over the oppoſite Signs to their Houſes (oJanuary when the dayes grow longer, then in December when they are at the ſhorteſt, and the Sun moſt remote from us; becauſe he is then in Capricorn; yet in Aquarius, as in January, the Sign oppoſite to Leo the Sun's Joy, the cold is more intenſe. And ſo on the contraJuly when the dayes are ſhortning, then in June when they are at the longeſt, and the Sun at his heighth; becauſe he is then in his own Sign and a fiery, when as in June he is in a cold, moiſt and watry Sign, and the Houſe of the Moon. And who can be ignorant that as ſoon as Mercury doth but change his Habit in the leaſt, either in the Zodiack, or in his Orb, the Air is therePlanet to which he is joyned in the opening of Gates the Air is diverſly changed; as if he be joyned then to Saturn, he cauſeth fierce, cold blaſts, dark Air and Rain. To Venus Clouds and Showers, in times and places convenient; to Jupiter Wind and Rain, &c. And ſo judge of the reſt according to their nature. Likewiſe the Conjunction, Squares and OppoſiSaturn with Jupiter, Mars, or any of the reſt of the Planets, or when there
apertio Portarum among them, they alter the Air in a wonderfull manAſtrologie Reſtored, I ſhall not particularize in this place, nor inſiſt lon
2. And ſo the Air is altered by the Seaſons of the Year, both in Quality and Subſtance; who is not ſenſible of Cold in Winter and Heat in Summer. WhereHypocrates, will have a Phyſitian in the firſt place to regard the Quarters of the Year. For according to its SeaHypocrat.
Galen
Hypoc. De Si omnia Anni tempora ſuam naturam ſervarint, morbos indicatu facillimos parient; ſin minus, difficiles. The Autumn it's true, is the worſt and moſt apt to diſpoſe our bodies to the generation of worms. And although the Spring be indeed, the moſt healthy, and inoffenſive Seaſon in it ſelf; yet it is accidentally, coming after the Cold Winter, whereby the humours are diſpoſed, an introducer of theſe Vermin in a copious manner. Thus was he in
Jacobus Hollerius
internis Schal. 47.April, 1653. who being moleſted with grieworms. And I my ſelf had Anno 1656. ſeveral Patients that Spring, moworms, &c.
3. It admits of no leſs change by Winds, For, Ex ventorum mutationibus & alterationibus, tranſmutantur & alterantur corpora noſtra. And look how the tempeAër concitatus, or fluens, & agitatus, or by what power and means it is moved; But I ſhall in this place wave diſputes.Heat of the Sun, or other occaſion.
The Eaſterly Winds do moderately heat and dry, if they are breathed out of the Earth, if they proceed from the Sea, they moiſten the Air; ſeu vulturus, one of its collaterals the Eaſt-ſouth-east Wind, participating of the Southern exviz.
Caecitas, as the Latins call it, the Eaſt-north-eaſt-wind is nothing at all ſerene, but obnubilateth
In 2. Ep. 6. . 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Ut Caeciasnubem, perinde ad ſe trahens.
He draws Calamites upon himſelf, as the North-eaſt and by Eaſt Wind doth Clouds.
Southerly Winds are hot and moiſt, bringing ſtormy rainy weather, thickGreg.
Virgil elegantly ſings,
—Ubi tempeſtas, & Coeli mobilis humor Mutavere vices, & Jupitur humidus auſtris Denſat, erant quae rara modo, & quae denſa relaxat, Vertuntur ſpecies animorum, & pectora mo tus Conſipiunt alios—
It makes them heavy and lumpiſh, our humours being thereby colloquated and rendred more fluid, ſo flowing into the parts, that they render the whole man indiſpoſed, relaxing the Nervs, by which
Libanatus the South-west wind is more moiſt than hot, filling the Air with humid Vapours and Rain, and ſometimes Thunder. But Phaenicias the South-ſouth-east wind is not ſo wet, participating ſomewhat of the Eaſt-wind.
The Weſt-wind is more moderately hot and moiſt, reſiſting Froſt and Snow, and correcting the ſharpneſs of Winter, and producing Plants and Flowers, and therefore called quaſi
Vitam ferens, quod fert quae ſunt ad vitam, &c. It is more healthy then the SoutherHomer Odyſs. 4. will have it to be the moſt healthy of all other winds,
. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Sed zephyri aſſidue ſpirant, venti ſalubres. que
ButAriſtotle doth not ſo eſteem it, nay rather affirms the contrary; but this (as the reſt) muſt be underſtood with relation to the nature of the Soyl, and ſcituation of the place; For, in Navarr and Gaſconey, it is mightily fearEngland, it is more toAffricus the West-ſouth-west wind, and Corus, the Weſt-north-weſt wind; both which are cold, moiſt, rainy and temWeſt-ſouth-weſt wind, whence Virgil,
— i Creberque Procellis Aened. Affricus, & vaſtos volvunt ad littora fluctus.
Corus is more cold, Snowy and Haily; but they are bothVirulam Viſcount St. Albans, in his Natural Hiſtory, atteſts himſelf to have ſeen, Anno. 1625. in which Year there was a very great Mortality in London and other parts.
Laſtly, that the North winds diſpoſe the Air to Dryneſs and Cold, is evident. Its Collaterals are Boreas, the Northeast and by North wind, and Certias, the North-north-weſt wind, the former is the Author of Cold, the later of Snow and Hail, whence they become enemies to all the parts of the Thorax, Bladder and Bowels, cauſing Coughs, pains, and di
So that by theſe variations of the Air and Winds, you may ſee that by the Clouds, Miſts, and other offenſive Vavermin frequently thereby ingen
4. The Air is alſo altered by other Meteors; of all ſorts, both Airy and Fiery, as Watry, as is clear to every ones CaMeteorologie; But referr you to Plato, Ariſtotle, Seneca, Zabarel, Jovianus Pontanus, Fromundus, Keckerman, Scaliger, our White and others; who have learnedly and largely written of them all, the matter of their origina
5. As alſo no leſs by the Zones: Now that we may the better underſtand what theſe Zones are, it will be requiſite to know (a little by way of Digreſſion) that in the Sphear of the World, there are Divers Circles;
moveable, ſome immovable; ſome greater, and ſome agreater Circles are thoſe that have the ſame Center with the Heavens: The leſſer have their Centers out of that of the Spear, viz. The two Tropicks and the twothe Poles of the World, and liArtick, the other about the South Pole, Arctartick.
Polary Circles. The greater are in number four, the Equnoctial
Sun is under the Line, he cauſeth the equality of the Day and Night through the whole World; and becauſe this Circle is an equal Line, it is called the Equator alſo.Zodiack
i. e. Ab Animalibus quae in eo Imaginantur, or Quod vitam & Calorem Animalibus dare creditur. It is likewiſe called the Ecliptick, becauſe the Sun and Moon are never Eclipſed, but in it. It is alſo termed the Oblique Circle, becauſe in reſpect of the Equator; it is ſcituate oblique.Colures.
movable Circles are in all, juſt eight.
Of the Immovable Circles, ſome are Paralel, ſome Vertigal, ſome Horary, diHeavens into twelve equal Parts or Houſes. But the imHorizon and the Meridian, which to imagine to be ſolid, hard, and impenitrable ſubſtances, real Orbs, and the like, are too abſurd: for they are but Imaginary all, and InAſtronomers and Mathematitions; admitted meerly for Doctrins ſake. Some on the other ſide, feign to themſelves many ſubdiviſions of Epicycles in Epicycles, and large Orbs of Eccentricks, and Eccentre Epicycles, &c.
This Equator being placed diverſly between the Poles, divideth the whole Sphear into two equal parts, the which again is in like manner divided by the Zodiack, and thoſe points where the Equator is cut by the Zodiack are called Equinoctial points, and the points of the Zodiack which are the means between the Equinoctials, are called Tropicks or Solſteads, viz. The Stayes or Stations of the Sun. The which Cardinal points do the Colures, the two other great Circles cut likewiſe, dividing as well the Equator or Equinoctial Circles into four parts, as the Zodiack; one paſſing by the beginning of Aries and Lybra the Equinoctial points (and therefore called the Equinoctial Colure) the other by the firſt points of Cancer and Capricorn (and is called the Solſticial Colure) and both by the Poles of the World, whereby they are divided into three Angles: So that the Ark of the Solſticial Colure betwixt one of the Equinoctials and the next Solſtead,
Sun, which muſt needs be equal to the Ark of that Colure, which is between one of the Poles of the World, and the next Pole or Tropick of the Zodiack. For by how much one great Circle declineth from another, by ſo much the Poles of the one are diſtant from the Poles of the other; becauſe all greater Circles are equal, and have one common Cenfour little Circles divide the whole Sphear into five principal Parts or Regions, commonly called Zones, unto which as many Parts and Regions anſwer upon the Terreſtrial Globe,
Zones of the World.Sun. The largeſt, or that which is moſt ſpacious, lies beTropicks, and is in the midſt, divided by the Equator or Line of the World, whereby it is moſt tempeSun ever riſing at ſix, and ſetting at ſix; and by reaſon of the great Dews which fall in the Night, the
Brizes and Gales of Wind which likewiſe temper the Air, ſo that it is more cool at Noon, then about nine in the Morning before the ventilating of thoſe Brizes; again, the Sun in this part maketh no long ſtay, only paſſeth by, or croſſeth the Equator, and ſo cauſeth two Summers and two Winters. But aTropick, it is moſt exceſſive Hot, becauſe the Sun by his reverſion and turning ſtill back again when he is come to the verSummer, without any intermiſſion of Winter; neither is there thoſe freſh gales of wind in thoſe parts, nor that qualification of Heat by the coldneſs of the Night, becauſe the Day is ſo much the longer then the Night, that the ardent heat thereof is impoſſible to be thereby allayed; whereTorrid Zone.
The two ſmaleſt Regions or Zones, or moſt extream, are comprized about the Poles of the World within the Artick and Artartick Circles; wherefore, one is called the North, the other the South Zone, the which being ſo remote from
Zodiack, the Cold muſt needs be the more intenſe, and ſo are termed the frigid Zones.
The other two are menes between the great one (which is in the midſt of them all) and thoſe two being moſt exTropicks, then towards the Polary Circles by which they are bounded, whence they become more temperate, and are therefore call'd Temperate Zones; the Sun's Courſe being neither too oblique nor direct. Thus we ſee the diſpoſition of the Air is alſo varied. For Immovable Circles, I referr you toAſtronomers, ſince I deſire not to di
6. The Air is alſo altered by Climates, which are nothing elſe but the Spaces of the Terreſtrial Globe between two Paralels towards the ſame Pole from the Equator, each Region differing from anothers bounds the ſpace of half an hour of a day; yet this difference is not in thoſe which are near the Pole; of which, the ſeventh which paſſeth beParalel, is counted the moſt temperate; that is comparatively. For this admits of Intemperancie ſometimes; but not
7. Likewiſe it is altered by the Cardinal Regions of the Woild. For Eaſtern Regions are moderately temperate, furPolybius commends Lucitania; and Spain is alſo by Juſtin, for an healthy Countrey, and free from all noxious vapours. And Egypt to be of that exWinter, nor Heat in Summer do ſo exAppinianus cry up Numidia and the major part of Affrica for their exceeding good tempeEgypt. Again, in Perue under theEquator (As Areſta. lib. 11. cap. 7. notes) amongſt the Sierra's, Iames, Audes, &c. there is ſuch wether, ut merito exerceat Ingenium. For no Philotemperate Zone, it is (as you have heard) much more temperate, then in it's Borders, or in Barbary; and yet in other places under the Line, as in St. Thomas Iſle, and Manamotapa in Africa; it is moſt exceſſive hot, and their InhabiPeru and other places under the ſame Line are White, and in the ſame parallel the Air temperate; yet ſome have reportPeru on the one ſide of the Mountains, it is hot, and on the other cold, &c. and which is not a little
Straits of Magelan are White; and yet they lie in the ſame degree of Latitude, and equally diſtant from the Equator as thoſe Negroes andBlack Mores, it being as difficult as nice.Black Mores do. Alſo the Italians and Spaniards are White, who are in the ſame Latitude with the Inhabitants of Cape of good Hope (as we term it) that are Black. In ſome parts of Ethiopia they are Dun and Tauny; in Zeilan again and Malabar parallel with them, abſolutely Black. And alAfrica be an healthy place, yet it breeds multitudes of poyſonous CreaIreland which is not ſo heal
The Weſtern Regions on the other ſide are more ſickly and unhealthy, the Sun and other Planets drawing all the Miſts and Vapours which they exhale in the day-time towards the Weſt, and being nearer the Sea, &c. whereby they are furniſhed with muddy, troubled waters, impure and unwholſome. As Sir Richard
Hawkins, therefore, ſpeaks of the Iſles of Cape de Verd, I may pronounce of theſe Regions; That they are the moſt unhealthy in the World, for Fea
Neither are the Southern much betHorace ſang of the Baeotians,
Baeotumin Craſſo jurares Aëre natum.
Whereas on the contrary, the Northern people by reaſon of the ſharp, clear, cold Air, wherewith they do abound; the Inhabitants of thoſe Regions are more quick-witted, ingenious, more tall, comly, and long-lived. As Leo Affer commends the Egyptians for mirth and & de Natura Deorum lib. 1.
Cicero ſays, the Athenians are more quick-witted then the dull block-headed Thebeans and others, becauſe they live in a more pure, clear and ſerene Air, and truly a foggy,
Thebeans were, and Dutch are.
8. The Air is altered according to the poſition of Regions and Provinces. For, what brings health to one place, is oftentimes moſt pernitious and mortal to another. As, we ſee the Weſtern Winds are very noxious to the Gaſcoins; yet moſt grateful to the Italians and Grecians. The North-north-weſt wind alſo, every one knows, is very grateful and ſerene to us in Europe: to the BorLocris and Croto (if we may believePliny) the Plague was never known, nor in that part of Ethiopia by the Black Sea; yet in Mauritania it ruins all; and at Tholouſe it hath continued ſeven years together. So it is uſually more violent in Northern than Southern parts. In Mare Pacifico, or that which ſome call Del Zur, there is ſeldome or never any wind ſtirring; and yet in the Atlantick Seas, there are perpetual ſtorms. Bohemia, by reaſon it lies along to the North, is cold; when as again in Toledo, it is as hot: In this our Iſland of Great Britain there is
Rhoads, over which there was ſcarce ever any Cloud ſeen, is likeEgypt where it neEquinoctial Line are certain winds at ſuch and ſuch times of the day, as was ſaid, and in ſome parts of the world, the wind blows conMoſco in 53. degrees of LaButtons Bay in 52. Snow and
9. The Air is altered by the ſcituation of Houſes and Cities; wherefore, according to the diverſity of places, Houſes ought accordingly to be built, and ſo likewiſe Cities; as we ſee in moſt Cities of Italy and Spain, their Streets are built narrow, Sun-beams; and we in England not being ſo moleſted with Heat, build more large and ſpacious Streets; and if any ſuch narrow there are, it was rather contrived for com
10. And laſtly, It may be altred by the particular Conſtitution and Nature of places. As, from certain Ditches, where the Carkaſes of Creatures have been thrown, Caves and Holes in the ground, do very noxious, and pernitious VaBaias, where is ſuch an infectious Den, breathing forth ſuch venomous Air, as the very Birds that fly over it, are ſaid to fall down dead thereinto; according to that of Virgil, Aeneid. 6.
Spelunca alta fuit, vaſto ; Immanis Hiatu, que Scrupea, tuta lacu nigro, nemorum tenebris: que Quam ſuper haud ullae poterant Impune volantes Tendere iter pennis; talis ſeſe halities Atris Fanſibus effundens ſupera ad convexa ferebat: Unde Locum Graii dixerunt nomine Aornon.
So alſo, as one travels from Peru into Chila, as Liburius
Haldromot in like manner, tells us of a wind that kills people on which it blows. And that in the time of Philip of Macedon, many died by paſſing between two Mountains, by a mineral Air ſtufft with vitious and ſulphurious Spirits: and ſuch are frequent in many Caves in Hungaria, Sweden, and even among our ſelves where there are Mines. ACato commends the ſcituation of Houſes upon Rivers ſides, as alſo Columella near to a City, in rich grounds and high
Thus have I given you briefly in this Digreſſion, a ſurvey of the Airs mutafirſt nonnatural Cauſe of theſe Verviz. Air. Proceed we now to the Second.
THE various Cauſes of worms, are innumerable and intricate; for though we have aſſerted they are inworm is generaDiet, Meat and Drink, whence thoſe hu
HE that ſhall conſider it, will find our Food to have much more power to alter our humours, if it offend either in Quantity or Quality, then the Air, nay, and change our Conſtitutions; it having a marvellous efficacy in genethis Diet is the Mother of all Diſeaſes, let the Father be what it will: wherefore it is moſt requiſite, we have an eſpecial care how we uſe or abuſe it, there being nothing in which we more frequently err, being for the moſt part guided rather by our ſenſual Appetites, then Reaſon, verifying that old true ſaying, Plures Corpula, quam gladius. For of theſe two, I may juſtly ſay, as the Children of Iſrael of Saul and David; The Sword hath ſlain it's ThouBoard, thoſe devouring Guts of ours their ten thouſands: where
worms.
worms are by them ingen
And that I may be the more plain, I ſhall proſecute this method. 1. To ſpeak of the ſeveral ſorts of Plants for Food. 2. Of Four-footed Creatures, or Beaſts: 3. Of Foul. And 4. and laſtly, of Fiſhes of the Sea and Freſh-water; under which, all kind of Food is com
RIghtly under Plants may be comBread-Corn. 2. Pulſe. 3. Leaves, Herbs and Sprouts. 4. Roots. 5. Fruits.
1. Under Bread-Corn, again is comWheat. 2. Beer-Barly, a Couſin-german to Wheat. 3. Rye, a kind of wild Wheat 4. Barly. 5. Rice. 6. Panick, a grain uſed more in Africa then with us. 7. Millet, a grain alſo uſed in the Eaſtern parts of the World, 8. And laſtly, Frumentum Saracenicum (as Mathiolus calls it, but why, no one knows) or Buck-wheat. All which may be the occaſions of ſeveral faeral evils, eſpecially worms: Many of them are more fit for Horſes, Pigeons, Capons and
Geeſe then men; as Oats, (the chief Food of the Scots and Iriſh) and Panick; oBarly, Rice, Millet, Panick and Buck-wheat not excluding Rye. Moſt of them being but Hologotrophick, and affording but an Emplaſtick, Slymie Juice, as Oats; wind, gripings and pains of the Belly, as Rye, as well as Crudities, and ſo doth Barly; as alſo obſtructions, ſo doth Buck-wheat: Nay, and Wheat it ſelf, though accompted the beſt Bread, if it be unleavened is exceeding unwholworms and many other Diſeaſes, if it's emplaſtick and glutinuous quality be not corrected by Leven. And therefore all Phyſitians unanimouſly conAvicenna adds, That the nouriſhment proceeding from unlevened Bread, is very offenſive to the Liver, obſtructing it, increaſing and breeding weakneſſes of the Spleen, and ingendring the Stone in the Reins. Likewiſe, if it be hot,
vermin. Wherefore I conclude with Schola Salernitana, for what is more to be ſaid on this point.
Panis non Callidus, nec ſit nimis inveteratus, Sed Fermentatuſque. eculatus, ſit bene coctus, Et ſalſus modice, ex gravis validis electus. Non Commedas Cruſtam, Choleram quia gigni taduſtam, Et Panis ſalſus fermentatus bene coctus, Purus ſit ſanus; non talis ſit tibi vanus.
2. Pulſe, which are either 1. Beans. 2. Peaſe. 3. Lentills. 4. Civers, which are more fit for Phyſick in the Stone, &c. then for food. 5. Cichlings, ſeldome or never uſed among us. 6. And laſtly Tares, which are fitter for Pigeons and Hogs, then men. For they all breed in the Bodies of ſuch as eat conſtantly on them, or frequently, a groſs Juice, black and thick Blood, many Crudities, much wind and excrementious humours,
worms and other evils; nay, and are hard of digeſtion, cauſe obſtru
3. Leaves, Herbs and Sprouts are no leſs a Cauſe, rightly conſidered. For although they have their ſeveral good uſes in Phyſick; yet to make them or any of them our daily food, is moſt unworms; corrupt the Blood, yield a feculent juice, cauſe Melancholy, and the Scorbie; moſt Phyſitians therefore, diſallow of them: and although Chryſippus extolls Cabbidge for an wholſome food, and excellent in Phyſick, curing moſt, if not all Diſeaſes (having written an whole Volum in the Commendation thereof) I ſay, notwithſtanding his large Encomiums (and what others maintain, that the Romans ſix hundred years together (after they had baniſhed all Phyſitians) preſerved themſelves found in health by Cabbidge alone) it is the worſt of Plants.
4. Roots are altogether as bad to be conſtantly fed on, or worſe, being winGarlick, Onions and Leeks, offending the Brain, and cauſing worms. And indeed, Garlick is fitter for Phyſick then Food, which the CounMithridate; nay he preferrs it to Aurum Potabile, or Hermes his Elixir of Life, S. Devogius his Philoſophers Stone, Pontanus his Fire, Artethius his ſecret Antimonial, his Water and Vinagre, or Quinteſſence, by which he lived a thouſand years; as Roger Bacon and others report; Riply his Toad, Agrippa his Soul of the World, &c. And although ſome may think it rather a Remedy againſt worms, then a Cauſe, it being uſually given to Children for that very end, boiled in milk; yet beworms in the Bowels; but alſo in the very fleſh, as was ſeen inCranz. lib. 3. cap. 3. Hiſt. Saxon.Arnulphus the Emperour. Radiſhes are alTurnips be accompted by ſome an wholſome Root, yet they breed but a thick Juice, and are not very
Navenes alſo, though bad enough; yet are much betParſneps and Potatoes as leſs crude, groſs and wndy, then the reſt; but nouriſh not ſo much as Turnips, if we may believeGalen, and being eaten in any large quantity, yield but a bad juice. Bruerinus, Magninus, Crato, Scolgius, Montanus, Afoncea, Trincavellus, Savanaxola and others, will not have them eaten at all. The ſame may be ſaid of Potatoes andd Scirits, the beſt of the three. Carrats are in a more copious degree windy, then either Turnips or Parſneps, and afford a leſs nouriſhment, and that worſe; breeding a groſs, pra
5. Fruits are a principal Cauſe of theſe vermin; and they are either ſuch as proceed from Plants, or from Trees; either, or both of which eaten in any large quantity to ſatisfie the appetite, is moſt unwholſome, breeding groſs, praworms, but in a manCardan puts this as the principal Cauſe, why the people of that great City of Feſſa, are ſo unſound and perBruerinus condemns all but Grapes and Figgs, from Galen; yet Grapes yield none of the moſt laudable Juices, and are Hologotrophick, ingender wind and Looſneſſes, and if they ſtay long in the Body, cauſe Crudities, in that they ſoon putrifie, and fill the Liver and Stomach with theſe praved humours, whence are ingendred theſe vermin. Figgs it's true, nouriſh as much, if not more then any other Fruit; yet yield none of the beſt nor wholſomeſt nouriſhment neither, and their ſeeds and skins nouriſh not at all, neither well digeſt; wherefore to eat them in any large quantity is not ſo ſafe, eſpecially for ſuch as are moleſted with obſtructions of the Liver, have depraved
Paulus Jovianus tells us, thatPomponius Columbus the Vice-Roy of Naples, by eating liberally of them, died ſuddenly. And althoughGalen affirms them, if they be ripe, very harmGalen inLice; for the truth is, being frequently and liberally eaten by us, they breed a very bad Blood, putrid, and ſubject to corrupt all it rancounters with; whence not only Lice, but alſo other worms are produced. And I reAthanaeus records of Plato the Philoſopher this ſad Story, That he was eaten up of Lice, by his frequent feeding on this Fruit, which he ſo exCrato admits of no Fruit at all, Via Cibi & quantitate magna. For, if we ſhould examin the beſt of them; firſt thoſe of Plants, Strawberrys, Reſpas, Artichoaks, Cucumbers, Pumpions, Mellons, &c. we ſhall find them not worth the eating: Since Strawberrys, which are accompted by all, the harmleſworms. And although it be believed of ſome, that no one can ſurfeit on them; yet Cranz.
Melchior Duke of Brunſwick by a ſurfeit on them, burſt aſunder; we may affirm the ſame evills then well of Reſpas, being worſe. Artichoaks I confeſs, are pleaſing to the PaGalen,
worms. Cucumbers are much more an unwholſome Food, hard of diworms, and being diſtributed to the Veins, cauſeth the matter of moſt putrid affections. Pompions are more cold and moiſt then Cucumbers, and therefore more unwholſome; for they yield a worſe Juice, and more apt to corrupt, vitious and purulent, whence ariſeth a moſt malignant humour which produceth worms. Laſtly, Mellons are more cold and moiſt then Cucumbers; yet more hot and dry then Pompions, and worſe then Cucumbers: Yet the degrees
Worms and Scorbie upon us, as may abunAbertus Secundus the Emperour (as Caſpianus reMellon, caſt into a deadly Flux. Platina alſo tells us, that Paulus Secundus Pope of Rome, rhereby became Appoplectick, and ſo died. Likewiſe Sophia Queen of Coland, was ſurprized with the Palſie (as Cronerus witneſſeth) by feeding too liberally on them.
Neither are Tree-Fruits much better, being all apt to corrupt quickly in the Stomach, eſpecially Peatches, Apricocks, all ſorts of Plumbs (though the Damſin is the moſt harmleſs, if any can be ſo termed) Gooſeberryes, Mulberryes and Cherries, all which yield a cold, wateMedlers, Services and Quinces, and whatever are ſtegGalen himſelf confeſſes, by giving Pratus the Rhetorition order to eat Quinces before Meat, he had almoſt coſt him his Life, by cloſing up the Pilorous, or lower Orifice of the Stomach; but they are not to be eaten raw as Food, but as Marmalad, or otherwiſe preſerved; wherefore I ſhall ſpeak no more of them. Medlers and Services are altogeApples and Pears are of diApples may be reSweet, Sower, or unſavory, Watriſh, or a mixture, or more of theſe. Quorum omnia natura pro diverſitate ſaporis, Diverſa eſt. But all of them moſt unwholſome, eaten as Food, or in too great a quantity; cauPears are of as many ſorts, every Nation, Province, and almoſt Shire, affords us a different kind, but for the moſt part, are either Sacharine, Amoniacal, Aluminous, Vi
or Choaky (as we call i
and although
encymick, nor breed a good Juice, but offend the Stomach; are dyſpeptick, eſpecially the Amoniacal and Vitriolate, ſo that eaten raw, they are in a manner, no better then poyſon, eſpecially to weak and infirm bodies. Nuts come alſo under Fruits of Trees, but I think none ſo mad to feed much upon them; whereWall-Nut for the beſt and wholſomeſt, unleſs it be eaten old, and then as well as Cheſnuts, Small-Nuts, Philberts and Haſle, they yield a fecuworms. As for Cocarnuts, Piſticks, or other Nuts, growing in Syria, Egypt, and the Weſtern Iſlands, I ſhall not ſpeak, ſince they are not uſed among us for Food; only adPiſticks, ſince nothing more unVenus School. To theſe Fruits growing upon Trees, we may here add Muſhrooms, or Toad-Stools (as ſome call them) a Food more to be ſhun'd, as being more unwholſome, then
Book of Poyſons. The truth is, none can be well accompted wholſome, the beſt being but a bundle of putrifaction, ariſing of a cold, moiſt, viſcous matter of the Earth, or Tree on which they grow, and apt to attract all poyſonous vapours from any thing that frequent about them; many therefore have died ſuddenly by eating of them. And Claudius Caeſar was by his Wife Agrippa, poyſoned with them, that her Son Nero might be Emperour, whence that Tyrant would frequently ſay, they were Meat for the Gods. And thus much of Plants for Food, how Cauſes.
A Second ſort of Food is from Fourfooted Creatures, and Beaſts of the Field. And although in ſome Senſe, and in ſome Caſes, and to ſome Bodies, all manner of Beaſts for Food, may here
worms may be ingendred, or the ſeeds of them accumulated in us; eſpecially ſince they may proceed from all, and every humour; and ſince the beſt ConſtituBeef, Veal, Mutton, Lamb, Goat, Kid, Veniſon, Hare, Rabbit or Cony, and Swines-fleſh, and ſhew how they may be cauſes. It's true, Plants may ſerve for Food; but the fleſh of Beaſts is much more agreeable to man's nature, and therefore is not only ſooner digeſt
However, thoſe are the worſt that nouriſh but little; are of temperature cold and dry, or cold and moiſt, are apt to putrifie, are hard of digeſtion, or yield an evil or praved ſuce, ſuch as are black when dreſt, of a watriſh taſte,
worms ſeveral wayes; as may be collected from what hath been ſaid before. So that whatever Meat it be, that upon examination, we find in any of thoſe wayes qualified, may juſtly fall under our condemnation in this place.
1. Beef, It's true, is the ſtaid and beEngliſh-man, and no contemptible Meat, provided it be of an Oxe, being killed young (or the new fleſh of a fatted old Oxe or Cow, that was exeeding poor before) and not come to his full growth, a little corned with Salt, and otherwiſe well ordered and dreſſed. Nay, I may affirm it, as harmleſs and innocent to our bodies, as any food whatſoever, and as nouriſhing. But if of a Cow, or Bull, or extreamly ſalted and indurated, ſuch as we call Martilmas Beef, it is as unwholſom, and breeds not only Crudities, whence enſue worms; but alſo ſcorbutick humours, melancholy, and innumerable evils, obſtructeth the Spleen and other viſera, is hard of digeGalen condemns all Beef, affirming they are of ſo corrupt a nouriſhment, as that they breed Leproſies, Scabs, Cancers, Obſtructions of the Spleen and Liver, Quartane Agues, and the like. And Chriſtopherus à Vega
Small Pox; concluding it of a cold and maJoannes Baptiſta Montanus for an Epileptick Patient of his, among other Meats, condemns Beef, of having a certain Innate and peculiar Quality in it, of cauſing the Falling-ſickneſs.
Hypocrates in like manner diſallows of all Beef.
2. Veal, the Sucklings or Weanlings of theſe kind of Cattel, are more temvermin, then afford a lau
3. So Swines-fleſh, according to the Age and Sex, differs alſo much in the
Piggs, though of a month old, yet ſoon corrupts in the Stomach, is not eaſie of digeſtion, eſpecially the Coat, and yields none of the beſt nouPigg nouriſheth well, or yields a good nouriſhment; it's true, it nouriſhthe Mother of many Miſchiefs. For a ſucking Piggs fleſh is the moiſteſt, ſimply, of all other, ingendring Crudities, Palſies, Agues, Gouts, Apoplexies, and the Stone, weakening the Memory (for it is moiſt of the third Degree) procuring fluxes of the Belly, and ingendring moſt viſcous, flaſhy, and corrupt humours: Nay, it is a dangerous Food, breeding a flegmatick, ſlymie, groſs, clammy Juice, which occaſion worms; much more unwholſome muſt they be, but of eight dayes old, or leſs, which ſome idle Brains, and praved FanHeathen Romans, who (as Plutarch
Cannibal-like, eat them blood and all; the younger, the worſe. For, how is it poſſible, that ſuch a Brat as a Pigg, proceeding from ſo immund a Dam as a Sow (whoſe Belly is perpeScabs, Tetters, Leproſie, Scorbie, &c. as the ſame Plutarch
what is bred in the Fleſh (we ſay) will never out of the Bone.
4. By what hath been ſaid, the fleſh of a Sow, may plainly appear to be more feculent.
5. The Barrow-Hogg, which is the beſt of Swines-fleſh; yet for the moſt part, carries ſignatures of maingineſs about it, and feeds on any the corrupteſt or vileſt Carrion and filth it can meet with. Its true, Swines-fleſh comes the neareſt to Man's-fleſh in taſte, ſmell, and look, and therefore perhaps, Galen commends it above all other fleſh: But Savanaxala concludes it moſt noxious, affirming the uſe thereof, may breed a
Quartan Ague; and even the Barrow Hogg, though never ſo good (as they call it) and young, breeds but a thick, ſlymie, viſcous Juice, filling the bodies of ſuch as feed much on it, with many excrementitious humours; (unleſs in ſtrong bodies, and laborious) cauſing many obſtructions, eſpecially of the Liver, breeding the Stone in the Reins, &c. much more then if it be old, or of a Sow: and the Bore is worſe, and melanGalen maintains (yet Sennertus thinks Brawn made of a young Bore, the beſt of Swines-fleſh) it is hard of digeScorbie and many Opilations and Crudities, eſpecially if it be fatted up in a Sty (as we are forced here in England) for ſo his ſubſtance is rather to be termed a cloud of foggy, groſs, feculent humours, then fat or firm fleſh, and ſo muſt conſequently yield a feculent Juice, ſend many fumes to the Brain, dull the Spirits, accumulate corvermin. Yet if Bores-fleſh be otherwiſe eaten, as only powworms, but the Scorbie, and what not; as may be ſeen in Saxony, Weſtphalia and Friezland, who were wont to feed much on it:
6. Mutton, or Sheeps-fleſh, is the beſt of all other four-footed Creatures for Food, and moſt agreeing with the temviz. the fat Weather.Ovid
Quid meruiſtis oves, placidum pecus, in tuendo que Natum homines, pleno quae fertis in ubere nectar? Mallia quae nobis veſtras velamina lanas Praebetis: vitaque magis quam morte juvatis.
Yet, I muſt ſay, the Ram and Ewe yield a better Fleece, then Fleſh. The Ram is too hot, groſs, and unſavory, the Ewe excrementitious; and both of a bad Juice: Being of temperature vitious, hard of Concoction, and yielding an evil, fleſhy and ſlymie Juice, as Sennertus Con
7. Lamb alſo is but a watry, ſlymie, moiſt, flegmatick, and groſs Food, filHalyabbas, Iſaac the Jew; and the younger, the worſe. Sennertus alſo, affirms it hath a moiſt, ſlymie, viſcous fleſh, and yields but an excrementitious, groſs Juice, and a nouriſhment not eaſily diſtributed. And therefore, that it may be a Cauſe of worms, will not by any rational man be denyed: and had in leſs eſteem in former times then now, as appears by that in Horace,
—Patinis Caenabis omaſi, vilis & agninae—
8. Wherefore, proceed we to Veniſon, which, of what kind ſoever, is but groſs, melancholy Food, and breeds but a bad blood, eſpecially bak'd, and a thick Opilating nouriſhment, obſtructing both the Liver and Spleen, and accumuworms are in an abundant manner ingendred. Some extoll the Roe-Buck and Capreol, but they
Hart and Red Deer are more groſs, and great grained, next unto an Horſe, condemned by Galen, as hard of digeſtion, breeding a viſcous Juice, and likening it to Aſſes-fleſh; which he ſayes, is alſo eaten by certain people, as in Chyna; as among the Tartars, Horſe-fleſh.
9. Goats-fleſh is of a worſe Juice, more heavy and excrementitious then they; breeding a vitious and acrimoScorbie, and but a rank filthy nouriſhment, being a filthy Ramiſh Creature, as may be ſeen by that Fencer of Thebes mentioned by Athaenaeus,
10. In like manner Hares-fleſh, though better, breeds but a groſs, heavy, impure and feculent Juice: it is a black meat, hard of digeſtion, breeding melancholy, according to that of Schola Salerna,
—Leporina, Caprina, Bovina, Atrabile nocent; atque inſirmis Inimica.
Nay, and ſome think it hath a peworms, and divers others.
11. Conies or Rabits differ little from them in Nature, ſave only theſe are of a a whiter fleſh, yet have as groſs a grain (as Bruerinus well notes) whence perMagninus
Beef, Pigg and Goat, making them altoLevit. 11.5.Jews refuſed to eat; and although unGoſpel, we may eat of them, yet the ſeldomer and more ſparingly the better, ſince they are now no leſs unHypocrates, Galen, and the reſt of the Antients, ſay little or nothing of them; but how voluminous, Sennertus paſſeth them over in ſilence, is ſomewhat ſtrange.
Neither are the other parts of Beaſts to be exempted from being Cauſes more then the Muskly fleſh of them, which we have briefly run over; and they may be
Head, or upBreſts, or middle Region, or Thorax. 3. The Abdomen, or lower Region; or 4. and Laſtly, to the extreme and more remote parts.
1. Unto the Heads, belong the Brains, Eyes, Ears, Lips, Snouts, Cheeks, and Tongue: Which two laſt, come not withBrains are a flegmatick Meat, of a groſs Juice, hard of digeſtion, and not eaſily diſtributed, heavy and offenſive to the Stomach, breeding Crudities, which not only cauſe loathings, and oftentimes vomitings, but alſo theſe vermin. And ofVarignana veneris confere dixit, fortè propter viſciditatem, qua ventriculi parietes obtinuntur. Conferring the very Diſeaſes of the Beaſts to ſuch as eat them, as Vertigo, Epilepſie, Melancholy, Mania, Rabies, Lycanthropia & Hydrophabia, nay, and the very Nature & Diſpoſitions of the Creatures, may, by eating their Brains be contracted; as I have Poyſons, ClSheep and Lambs are many times
Vertigo. Therefore it is beſt to refrain their Brains altogeEyes are no leſs to be rejected, being alſo hard of digeſtion, yielding aEars alſo, by reaſon of their CartiSnouts and Lips, being ſo ſinewy, are conſequently hard of digeworms.
2. In the Thorax, or middle Region, is comprehended the Vitals, viz. The Heart and Lungs (or as the vulgar term them, Lights) Hearts are of a fiLights are much worſe, yielding but a frothy, flegmatick Juice, apt to putrifie in the Stomach, nay, they are oftentimes very unſound, and infected with ſome Diſeaſe or other, and frequently are full of theſe very vermin we treat of.
3. The Abdomen, or Lower Region, comprehends the Liver, Spleen, Kidneys, Teſticles, Matrix, Panches, or Tryps, Intrals, or Guts, Udder, and Sweet-Breads. All which are hard, groſs, noSpleens or Milts, being more fit for Doggs then men. And Livers are little better, being of a moſt groſs Juice, hardly concocted, and ſlowly diſtribuNaturam enim habet concreti ſanguinis; whence Crudities and worms muſt needs be ingendred. Kidneys are alſo as hard of digeſtion, groſs, and burthenTeſticles being of a glandulous nature, and ſometimes betMatrixes of Beaſts, eſpecially Sows, according to thoſe in Martial,
Te fortâſſe magis capiet de virgine Porca, Me materna gravi de ſue vulva Capit.
And many among us, eſteem highly of this part of a Barren Doe; but the truth is, they are ugly food, ſinewy, and hard of digeſtion, yielding but a crude, cold, praved Juice. However, I muſt needs conſent with Horace,
Nil vulva pulcrius Ampla.
But not laid in a Diſh to be eaten— But I cannot ſtand long in this place. Panches or Trypes are little better then are Guts, Intrals, or Chitterlings (as they call them) being membranous, hard of digeſtion, yielding little or no nouriſhworms; but of the Itch, Scab, Scorbie, and Leproſie oftenUdders and Sweet-Breads, I conGalen well obſerves. Sweet-breads are a moiſt, and Udders a crude Aliment. Nay, Udders are but a groſs, hard, fuliginous food; and there
4. And Laſtly, among extream and remote parts, we may rank Fat, Marrow, Feet, Griſles, Sinews, and Skins. All which being unwholſome and excreworms. For Fat nouriſhes but little, is very hard of digeſtion, glutting the Stomach, and turns rather into excrementitious huworms; wherefore, no better then Poyſon to melancholy and cholerick people. The like may be ſaid of Marrow, though it be ſomewhat leſs offenWether carryes aOxes, then a Deers, and next a Lambs, fifthly a Kids, ſixthly a Goats, and laſtly a Calfs; as for Swines Marrow, it is fit for none but Boors or Hoggs, not rational men. They are all fulſome, hard of digeſtion, and ſoon convert into Choler, and other groſs, and offenſive humours. There is another ſort of Marrow, called by the Latines, Spinalis Medulla, the Marrow of the Chyne-bone, proceeding from the Brain, and paſſing all along through the Spondils of the Back, down to the Os Sacrum or Coccyx: By the vulgar, termed the Pith of the Back, hard of digeſtion al
Feet, Sinnews, and Griſly-parts, as they have no Blood in them, ſo they afvirmin conſequently ingenCow, and Oxe-Heels be, and all old Feet and Sinews. Skins likewiſe
Fleſh and Parts of Beasts, how they may be Cauſes.
MIlk and Honey, which the Land of Canaan flowed with, are not parts of Living Creatures, but proceedMilk therefore, and all that comes of it, as Butter, Cheeſe, Curds, &c. (Whey only excepted) is groſs, crude, hard of digeſtion, eſpecially Curds and Cheeſe, bad for ſuch as have any affevermin of all other food what
Milk is only Blood, made white by
Womens, Cows, Aſſes, Goats and Ews Milk; though in other parts of the world, Camels & Mares Milk, are in familiar uſe; of all which, Womens Milk is the moſt nouriſhing and beſt, it being moſt near and agreeable to the nature of Man; eſpecially if it be not corrupted by any Diſeaſe, be new, and of an wholſome Woman, ſound as well in body as mind, it muſt needs be, as the moſt ſutable, ſo the moſt deſirable of all other Milk: Yet it is not at all of a cleanſing nature; wherefore, moſt fit for Children and antient peple, ConHerodotes, Eurephontes and others, to ſuch as are mad, by the bite of a mad Dog.
And here we may juſtly admire the goodneſs and providence of GOD, in providing ſo ſweet and pleaſing a white
Milk proceeding of Blood, and we having not yet ſpoken of it; it will not be amiſs to ſpeak a word of it. It is bad in taſte, but worſe in operation, ſtirring up AnDion reports of Caligula's CruBarbarous Nurſe alone, who, when he ſuckt her, alwayes anointed her Paps with blood: Neither doth it yield much, or good nouriſhment. For all blood is hard of digoſtion, groſs, ſuliginous, and excreverman, and that Hoggs-blood it ſelf, which Galen eſteems the beſt, Heildiſherin doth not only condemn Blood ſimply; but all that is made of it, or compounded therewith, ſeeming to alBlack-Puddings, a fooliſh unEngland, as Horſes-blood was among the Tartars and Sythians; Bulls-blood in Aegira, and
Black Pottage of the Laconians, made of Kidds-blood. Likewiſe Jaſon Pratenſis diſallows of all ſuch Quelkeſhoſes made with blood, and ſo doth Chriſtopherus à Vega, who although he preblood, the blood of an Hare, hath in the ſame place, theſe very words, Omnes tamen, paucum & melancholicum ſuccum tribuunt: Nay, it is forPhyſitian.
Levit. 17.10.11.Arterial blood, for it being more hot and ſpiritual then other, and ſince in the Blood (eſpecially this) is conOmne enim alteratum naturam alterantis ſequitur. To this purpoſe, I remember, Martinus
Creinrichius (which Sennertus alſo records from him) hath a remarkable ſtory of a maid, who by drinking of Cats-blood, degeneSwines-blood, deAndrea Tenzelius informs us of one, who by drinking his own blood, loſt his Reaſon and UnderZacutus Lucitanus
Blood of a red-hair'd man, was for ever after fooliſh. But examples are infinite.
Thoſe Creatures without Horns, as the Aſs, Mare, Camel, yield a Milk more fit for Phyſick then Food, being more thin, wheyiſh, and cold then others, free from any Acrimonyiſh, or obſtruAſſes Milk both Phyſick and Food, equally cleanſing, as nouriſhing, and therefore excellent in Conſumptions, RheumaPhthiſiis, then
Schola Salerna,
Lac ſanum Caprinum, poſt 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Cameli que At Nutrilivum plus omnibus eſt Aſinimur.
Avicenna commends Camels Milk, for its ſweetneſs and thinneſs above all oGalen before him. And therefore do not only commend it in the ſame Diſtempers, but alſo in affections of the Liver, and to reſiſt Dropſies, and other ſuperfluities and defects of the body. Mares Milk he extolls next to it, as being of a mild nature. But the beſt of Horned Beaſts for Food, is that of a Cow, coming neareſt to the nature of a womans, of which Avicenna
Cow goes as long with Calf, as a Woman does with Child. It is more thick and fat then any other Milk, and therefore is the moſt nouriſhing. Ews Milk is more thick and terrene, fuller of Curds, more caſeus, and therefore more opilative. Goats Milk is a little more hot, more thin, and nouriſhing leſs, paſ
All which are to be ſhun'd by young
Avicenna adviſeth; for in ſuch it breeds Choler, Opilations, and conſequently worms: And Galen diſſwades all from Milk, that have unworms, none will deny, and that in the beſt, and moſt unlikely bodies that feed much on it; eſpecially in ſuch as are any wiſe diſtempered, weak and inIſaac Hollandus, Querſitanus, and others write, having taken ten Pills of Wax, about the bigneſs of an Hemp-ſeed, a little before. For o
Honey (to omit that which is found upon Herbs and Trees, called Meldew, diſtilled from the Heavens, by the power and influence of the Starrs; as alſo Suggar growing in Canes, which Galen,
Honey; Likewiſe Manna and its ſorts, abundantly treated of by that famous and learned Neapolitan, who hath written an whole TreaBee; that being the beſt which is made, where they feed upon Thime, & other Herbs of an hot and dry nature; the yellower it is, the better it is, and more intenſe, that is reddiſh. It ſoon converts into Choler, therefore bad for ſtrong and Juſty people, fit for none but antient people and Children, and to them neither, not to be admitted via Cibi, for all Honey breeds but a very thin Juice, Crudities and Wind in the Bowels, Flegm and much Spittle, and therefore muſt needs breed theſe vermin. And thus much ſhall ſerve to be ſpoken of Cauſes from the ſecond ſort of Food.
EIther Fowl belong to the Land, or Water. Land-fowl again, are either Tame or Wild, or ſuch as are both; and theſe again, are either Small or Great. Among Tame Land-Fowl, is the Houſe-Cock and his Species; the Indian-Cock or Turkie, the Peacock. The Houſe-Cock
Cock eſpecialvermin: Yet the Broth is as much apGalen;
Hen, is quite conCocks. As for Chickens, Pullets, and eſpecially Capons, I may exempt them from being Cauſes, no fleſh ſo innocent, ſo tempeRhaſis ſtifly maintains, they have in them, a ſecret property of breeding the Gout and Hemorroids And if they breed ſuch groſs and peccant humours, we may not well wholly exclude them.
Turkies are more groſs, and harder of digeſtion; and therefore more apt to
vermin, or a worm-like matter.
The Pea-Cock's fleſh is worſt of all. For, he muſt be none of the worſt Cooks, that can make them good, take them either old or young, or order them how you will, they ſhall be ſtill black, melancholy, unwholſome meaSennertus accompts them not worth the mentioning; they being no wiſe pleaſing but in their Feathers. Beſides, they yield a very praved Juice, and ſo malignant, as it was the Death of Hortenſius the Roman Oratour, as Plinie
Nat. Hiſt. Cap. 20.
SEveral ſorts of Wild Land-fowl are abundant among us; but ſuch as are eadable, are chiefly, 1. Pheaſants. 2. Heath-Cocks. 3. Herons. 4. Buſtards. 5. Storks. 6. Partridges. 7. Quailes.
Railes. 9. Rooks. 10. Cuckoes. 11. Owles. 12. Plovers. 13. Feldefares. 14. Godwits. 15. Thruſhes. 16. Black-Birds. 17. Stares. 18. Woodcocks. 19. Snipes. 20. Cranes. 21. Larks. 22. Robin-red-breſts. 23. Sparrows. 24. Yellowhammers. 25. Linets. 26. Finches. 27. Wagtails. Of all which, the beſt are Pheaſants, Heath-Cocks, Partridges, Railes, Thruſhes, Black-birds, Plovers, Feldefares, Woodcocks, Snipes, Larks, Robin-red-breſts, and Sparrows; and therefore we might have excluded them out of our Cataworms; eſpecially Sparrows, which Chriſtopherus à Vega ſayes, yield but a praved and hot Juice; and Bartholomeus affirms them to breed the FalHenbane.
How much more noxious then, muſt Herons, Buſtards, Storks, Rooks, Quails, Cuckoes, Owles, Godwits, Stares, Cranes, Yellow-hammers, Hedge-Sparrows, Wagtales, Finches, and Linets be? breeding naturally a groſs, feculent Juice, apt to ſtagnate in the body; eſpecially Storks; (which as Iſadorus and others obſerve, frequently feed themſelves, and young, with the fleſh and eggs of Adders, whence Juvinal 13.
—Serpente Ciconia Pullos. Nutrit, & juventa per divia rara Lacerta.
And yet are ſo wiſe, Heldelinus notes, Geſaer.
Cranes being hard, tough, dry melancholy food, are not worth the eating. Quails are little better, being hard of digeſtion and diſtribution, of had nouriſhment, yielding much excrevermin. Avicenna
Helebore and Hemlock; and a little farther affirms, they are introduced by an innate and peculiar property in them, to ſuch as feed much on them; as Athenaeus obſerves in Hercules; whence the Falling-ſickneſs was denominated Morbus Herculeus. Wherefore Galen preſcribes the Brains of a Quaile, as a remedy againſt that Infirmity. To which we may joyn Cuckoes, who, however they yield an exworms, but ſeveral other evils; yet is a convenient food in FeaCuckoes only, was not only in the end cured, but found preſent eaſe, although his Phyſitians deſpaired of his life: Yet Geſner asketh how any man dares be ſo raſh, as to eat of them. Alſo Owles, another unclean Bird, although pleaPartridge, affords but a melancholy, thick, groſs Juice, and the ſeeds of theſe vermin. Rooks are little better, though accountPigeon or Chicken, being taken young out of the Neſt, flead, then roaſted or bak'd; for
worms. And Godwits, though a nice, is no wholſome Diſh; for they feed about Lakes, Ponds, and River-banks, ingenworms. And Stares or Starlings much more, being much worſe; However Chriſtopherus à Vega, puts them as a kind of Partridge; they feed upon Hemlock, and other poyGalen notes. And though Arnoldus De Villa. Nova, with Joannes Curio Supra Silialam Salernitanam, applaud them for good meat; Apitius calls their fleſh a Diabolical Food, by reaſon of the dangerous fumes & vapors that proceed from the Hemlock through the pores. Nay, the beſt of them, viz. Finches, of which there are divers, as the Chaffinch, Gold-finch, Green-finch, Bul-finch, &c. with thoſe other ſmall Birds, as Yellow-hammers, Hedge-ſparrows, Oxe-eyes, Linets, Wagtayls, &c. are but unſavory, dry, bitter and obſtructive, unleſs they be very fat, plump, and digeſt well, (which is very ſeldome) and therefore, not worth the eating, breeding for the moſt part Opilations, Crudities, and theſe worms.
As for Herons, Buſtards, and thoſe other lubberly Fowl, which I may acVillanovanus preferrs the Heron; but they nouriſh but poorly and badly. The Buſtard is the wholſomeſt and pleaworms.
EVery one knows that ſuch as are both, are denominated by us, if Tame, Pigeons: if Wild, Doves. Of both which, there are divers ſorts; as of Pigeons, there are thoſe we call 1. Circumvolutors or Turners. 2. Finitius. 3. Carryers. 4. Jacobins. 5. Barberries. 6. Mahomets. 7. Turbuts. 8. Baſtard-bills. 9. Croppers. 10. Spots-Black: 11. Spots-Red. 12. Broad-tayl'd-ſhakers. 13. Narrowtayl'd-ſhakers. 14. Helmets-Black. 15.
Helmets-Red. 16. Tumblers, 17. Peteets. 18. Small Engliſh Runts. 19. Great Runts, or Spaniſh, or Portugal Pigeons. 20. The ordinary Dove-coat-Pigeon, ſuch as are rough-footed, are not to be reckon'd as a different ſort, ſince it is many times accidental.
Of Doves, there is 1. The Turtle. 2. The Ring-Dove. 3. The Rock-Dove. 4. The Stock-Dove, or Wood-Dave, or as ſome term it, the Wood-Pigeon, 24. in all; yet do they not differ one from the other in Taſte or Operation; for they are all very pleaſant to the Taſte, and yet, all a dark, groſs fleſh, hard of digeworms, notwithVillanovanus and Avicenna ſay of Turtles, that they are a light and good nouriſhment, not ſo groſs as other. And ſome affirm of the Ring-Dove, though they breed as groſs a Juice as the reſt, yet are leſs exEgyptians were wont in an infectious time, to eat nothing elſe but Pigeons, as Apolon. Nitiar. records. Wherefore,
Land-Fowl: Water-Fowl follow.
YOU muſt know that there are divers ſorts of Water-Fowl, ſome are both Wild and Tame (yet none are ſimply Tame, but the ſame Species are alſo Wild) As 1. Swans. 2. Geeſe. 2. Drake, as well as the Gander when they mention Geeſe.
Ducks; others only Wild, As Brant Geeſe, or Barmiles,
Scotland, and other parts Northward in the Sea, hanging by the Bill as it were, yet having no perfect ſhape whilſt they are upon the Tree, which growing ripe, fall off into the water, and there become Geeſe; which, although Mr. Parkinſon in his H
accompts a Fable; I muſt needs although Mr. Parkinſon in his H
accompts a Fable; I muſt needs ſay, in that, he talks like an Apothecary: And even at their full growth (they being no bigger then a Capon) they retain a kind of a taſte of Firr: If when they fall from the Tree, they light upon the Land, they periſh, and come to nought.Baſs between England and Scotland, where there are infinite numbers, and upon the May, there are not a few.Solen-Geeſe. 3. Sheldrakes. 4. Coots. 5. Divedappers. 6. Morehens. 7. Teale. 8. Widgins. 9. Curs, or Curlews. 10. Pool-Snites. 11. Dopchicks. 12. Water-Rails. 13. Water-Red-ſhanks.
Sea-Pies. 15. Sea-Mews. 16. Cormorants. 17. Shovelours. 18. Sea-Gulls. 19. Puffins.
feathered-fiſh, they being ſubſtanPeckled-Fowl, reſorting into our parts in Winter, from Green-land and Freezland, which for half the Year together, are frozen up, and covered over with Snow; as alſo from Muſcovy, Scandia, and thoſe colder Countreys, are all unwholſome, dark, ſinewy, bad meat, ingendring crude, groſs, melancholy, and excreGeeſe, Ducks, Sheldrakes, Teale, Widgins, Water-Railes, Morehens; yet they are more rare and delicate, then wholſome, Gravant & Putrefatiunt Stomachum; They are generally hard of digeſtion, filling the bodies of ſuch as feed conſtantly on them with groſs humours, excrementiworms are inLand-Fowls, being natuDucks and Geeſe are accompted the moſt wholſom, and the wild preferred before the tame.
Jaſon Pratenſis,
Jews are ill-conditioned, loathGeeſe.
Touching the Brains, Tongues, Necks, Hearts, Lungs, or Soles, Gizards, Livers, Teſticles, Skins, Fat, Marrow, Pinions, Feet, and other parts of Birds (eſpecialChickens, Pullets, Hens, Capons, Cocks, Pheaſants, Woodcocks, Snipes, and Mountain-Fowl. Yet, if theſe be eaten by ſuch as have foul Stomachs, opilated Livers, or are fraught with vitiated huworms, and many other Diſeaſes. Thoſe of Water-Fowl, and ſuch as live in Mores and Fens, are much worſe.
WE muſt not omit Eggs in this place, Nam ut Lac ex Quadrupedibus; mel ex apibus, ita (ut Inquit Ennius.)
Ova parire ſolet genu pennis condecoratum.
Eggs are lay'd by all feathered-fowl; yet are they not produced by thoſe Creatures alone, For, Tortoiſes, Serpents, Adders; Snakes, Lizards, and Camelians likewiſe, lay Eggs; out of which their ſpecies and the like are produced, all which, unleſs it be thoſe of a Tortoiſe, are more fit for Storks, then Men- And indeed, all Eggs ſoon corrupt in the Stomach, eſpecially ſuch as are of Seafowl, and of all unclean Birds, being little better then poyſon; none thereHens: For, ſince Eggs are a kind of Quinteſſence of Fleſh, or a Liquid Fleſh: and ſo, if they digeſt well, yield a moſt excellent Juice, of little or no excrement, no wiſe feculent or obworms; or if the Stomach be pure, if the Eggs are old, dreſt hard, or fry'd; whereby they become hard of digeſtion, and obſtructive. And thus much of Birds, the third ſort of Food.
I ſhall proceed therefore to the laſt ſort of Food before propoſed, viz. Fiſhes. How many ſeveral ſorts of Fiſhes there are, is an endleſs Inquiſition; there being infinitely more diverſity of CreaPliny hath adventured to rec
LET us but conſider the ſeveral places in which Fiſh live, and we ſhall be forc'd to divide them into three ſeveral Claſſes, As 1. Sea-fiſh, or Saltwater-fiſh. 2. Freſh-water, or River-fiſh. 3. Pond, or ſtanding-water-fiſh.
LIkewiſe Salwater-fiſh may be again divided into ſuch as are 1. without Skales, as theſe Seventeen, viz. 1. Cod. 2. Conger. 3. Hadock. 4. Scate. 5. Thornback. 6. Turbuts, 7. Thunnys. 8. Ling. 9. Maides. 10. Mackarel. 11. Soles. 12. Plaiſe. 13. Guilt-heads. 14. Gurnads. 15 Rotchets. 16. Whitings. 17. Anchoves, or Minos. 2. or with Scales, as theſe Nine. 1. Sturgion. 2. Bream. 3. Mullets. 4. Shadds. 5. Herrings. 6. Pilchers. 7. Curs or Hakes. 8. Smelts. 9. Sprats. And 3.
Such as are ſhel'd, In number alſo Nine, As 1. Lobſters. 2. Crabs. 3. Oyſters. 4. Scallops. 5. Muſcles. 6. Perewinacles. 7. Cockles. 8. Cervices, or Cray-fiſh. 9. Skimps.
I May well here put River and Pondfiſh together, ſince they are only tranſplanted into Ponds, for the more conveniency of having them ready at hand, and theſe are alſo ſome Scal'd, ſome without, and ſome Teſtaceous. Such with Scales, are chiefly theſe eight, 1. Salmon, 2. Pike, 3. Pearch, 4. Carp, 5. Barble, 6. Mullet, 7. Roch, 8. Gudgion. Thoſe without Scales are theſe ſeven, 1. Tench, 2. Trouts, 3. Flounders, 4. Lampries, 5. Eeles, 6. Minos, 7. Millers-Thumbs. The Teſtaceout have been nominated before.
All which are more cold and moiſt, the fleſh of Beaſts and Birds; yielding at the beſt, but a cold, moiſt, crude, exworms, and moſt
Scorbie, Gout, Leproſie, Melancholy, &c. For Meats have a kind of Analogie with our Humours; ſo that if they be not right and ſound, they inPlutarch
It impoſſible for that City to be ſound and in health, in which there came more Fiſh then Oxen. For they are a ſlymie nouriſhment, full of viſcoſities and praved humours. And although ſome may object that which Pliny
Nat. Hiſt. cap. 2.Quos unguibus Diſſertos, Sole torrent, atque ita panem ex his faciunt. Baking, and making even Bread of them: They muſt needs be very barPliny
Nat. Hiſt. cap. 23.Alexander the Great, prohibired Fiſh-eating by
Diphilus a pud Stob. 449. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
Which may be thus tranſlated,
Nam quae eſt apudipſos Piſcium frequentia, Mucoſos omnes & Pituitoſos facit.
Eſpecially ſuch as live in Ponds, Lakes, Standing-Pools, not refreſht with Springs; feeding on Mudd, Garbidge, and Filth; for Bonſuetus well ſigns,
Nam Piſces omnes. qui ſtagna lacuſque frequen tant, Semper plus ſucci deterioris habent.
eaſily putrifying and converting into groſs humours, little better then poiſon.
They are not altogether ſo bad that live in Freſh-water Rivers; yet if there be not a ſtrong Current, and the bottome gravelly, ſtony, or chalky, running Eaſtward, or expoſed to Eaſtern and Northern winds, they are but little betSmelts, the Sea Larks; Whitings, the Sea Capon; Plaiſe, the Sea Sparrow; Soles, the Sea Partridge; Rochets, the Sea Feldfairs; Gurnad (which are a little bigger, and not ſo red) the Sea Plover; to which we may add Guiltheads, the Sea Gold-Finch; being in ſhape much like a Gurnad, but not ſo eaſie of digeſtion, or ſo wholſome. I ſay, to feed much on them, or others, is not good; for they fill the bodies of ſuch, with abundance of humours and corScots and Iriſh, that feed frequently on Fiſh, to be exceedingly moleſted with worms. And Foreſtus
Carthuſian Fryers are more dull and mebecauſe they live wholly upon Fiſh.
How much more ſuch as are Thunys, of which our Train-Oyl is often made, Pilchers, Red or Bloted Herrings, all dryed fiſh, as Stock-fiſh made of Cod, & Poor John
Haddock, &c. Therefore, they muſt be very poor in Reaſon and UnderſtandCod, preferring their Palates before the health of their Bodies, they way well be termed Codsheads, for it it is but a ſlymie and flegmaGreen-fiiſh. The ſame may be ſaid of Haberdine, beIſland-Cod: As alſo of Hadocks, which are but ſmall Cods.
Conger, the Sea Eele, meerly beWind and the Chollick, if hot, it corrupts the Blood, and Cauſes Leproſies, as well as worms. Others eſteem a Thornback a dainty Diſh, butAthenaeus lib. 8. cap. 5.Dorion the Muſician, accounted a ſodden Thornback, no better then a ſodden piece of Cloath. The ſame may be ſaid of Scale, only they are ſweeter and tenderer then Thornback. and although the Turbet was preferred to all Fiſh; whence the
Nihil ad Rombum; yet this is nothing to the purpoſe, for Magnius (as well as I) condemns it as excrementiScorbie, as well as worms. They that can eat Ling, may was well eat a worſe thing, and drink Piſs, for it cannot be eaten without Sawce (nor hardly any Fiſh) beſides; it burthens the Stomach, offends the Brain, accumulates many ill humours, being very excrementitious; & therefore the KingJames the firſt of England and ſixth of Scotland.
Maids much better, though ſome think they nouriſh Weaklings, and ſuch as have ſported themſelves off their Legs, which is contrary to their Nature. And the Band, Mackarel, (for ſo it ſignifies in French) is worſe, being of a groſs gluttinous, and ſuffocating ſubſtance, cauſing Drowſiworms.
Sturgion for it's firmneſs and ſubſtanBeef of the Sea, and highly extolled by ſome fantaſtical Palworms. And Bream, though a firm and a white fleſh, and not hard of digeCarp, but if it be of the Sea, it far exceeds a Carp, both in whiteneſs, flatneſs, and goodneſs. Alſo Shadds, though tender, and pleaMullets, though much comGalen, as white, tender, pleaſant, and wholſome, eaſie of digeworms, but alſo asNat. Hiſt. lib. 32. Capt. 7.Pliny and others note, hinder Conception in Women, cauſing ſterillity, &c. which is not a little ſtrange, if it be true what is reportviz. That they are ſo prone to Venery themſelves, that a thouſand Females are not enough to ſatisfie one Male. Currs or Hakes, are much worſe, though a firm, white and dry Fiſh, if frequently fed on. Sprats again, are worſe then they, being very apt to corrupt in
Herrings, and ſo are exceeding apt to breed, beſides worms, Feavers and the Scorbie alſo.
Neither are thoſe fooliſh Diſhes made of Fiſh and their Roes, as Anchoves, Cavialies and Botargo, any better.
Anchoves ſo called when they are preMinos, taken in Sardinia and Provence, in great multitudes, and there pickled, and ſent afterwards to us for Qualkechoſes; we have naturally in England, a love to Exorticks; however, they are not to be eaten via cibi, but as Sawce, for they ingender not only worms, but alſo ChoCaviale alſo, is a fond Diſh of the Italians, made of the Roes of Sturgion, and altogether as unItalian Proverb,
Chi mangia di Caviale, Mangia moſchi, Merdi, & Sale.
Which may be Engliſhed thus,
He that eats Cavialies, Eats Salt, Dung and Flies.
For it is only (as was ſaid) the Roes of Sturgion powdred, pickled, and fineCaviale, to be a Bait for ſuch Woodcocks and Dotrils, that account every Exotick Fanſie a real good. And ſo Botargo, another whimItalians, made of the Roes or Eggs of Mullets, together with their Blood, and ſome Salt, is very unworms; but ſterillity in both men and women that eat much of it, and impotencie in the acts of Venus: therefore a Diſh more fit for the Devil, then fair Ladies. So that if they would be rul'd by me, thoſe ſlovenly Italians, ſhould not only invent Diſhes, but eat them too, when they have done: which would make them more ſolid, and us leſs dirided.
If any fiſh be good, then it muſt be the Teſtaſeous; yet of them, we may abPeriwinkle, Cockle, Muſle, as dangerous food, offending the Brain, are hard of digeMuſcles; and ingendring many feral evils beſides this. And if we may give credit to Alexander Benedictus, ſome by eating too many
Cocles, have become natural fools. And truly the beſt of them, unleſs it be the Oyſter, are hard of digeſtion, eſpecially Scallops, Crabs, and Lobſters, beſides the Cream in their bodies; ſo that if they meet not with good Stomachs, pure, healthy, and that digeſt them well, they ſoon corrupt, and ingender worms no leſs then any other Fiſh; nay, the very Oyſter it ſelf (which is the ſofteſt fleſh of all ſhell'd fiſh, the beſt, eaſieſt of diſubducere alvum) eſpecially if you tak not out the blood.
Much more unwholſome muſt needs freſh-water-fiſh be, eſpecially Mullets, Barbles, Tench, Eeles, and Lampries, being a ſlymie, moiſt, flaſhy, viſcous, and crude food, and very offenſive to ſuch as are affected with the Gout, or any diLampries, though extolled by ſome for their taſte) are inclining to worms: Nay, the beſt of them, Pearch, Pike, Salmon, Carp, Cud-Bream, Roches, Gudgions, Trouts, Flownd
and Millers-Thumbs, do plentifully breed worms, and many other Diſeaſes in ſuch as feed too frequently on them, being ſoon apt to corrupt in
Pearch it ſelf, which is the beſt (eſpecially when prickled on the Back) and thereRiver-Partridge, notwithſtanding, nouriſheth but ſlenderSennertus. And although it may with Cud-Breams (ſo calflownders, Minos, Gudgeons, Millers-Thumbs, and Pike, be admitted to ſuch who are ſick, and in Feavers; yet they that would live in health, muſt eat but ſeldome of them: much more if they be taken out of muddy and immund waters. Roches are worſe, and ſo are Trouts, eſpecially the Gray-Trouts, the Red come ſomewhat near a Salmon, and therefore called Salmon-Trouts; yet both they and Salmon, however they may pleaſe ſome Palats, afford no very good nouriſhment, and asBruerinus thinks, ingenders MelanCarp is but a ſlymie, watriſh and muddy food, ingenMullets and Barbles, which ſome take to be only Mullets bearded, are much worſe. Roches are little better, but a Tench worſt of all, being ſlymie, muddy, viſcous, and of an hard fleſh, tending to blackneſs; whence perhaps it was, that Alexander Benedictus ſaid, it breeds a moſt unwholſome and damnable nouriſhment: and a ſecret poyſon, as Antonius Gezius contends, affirming a fryed Tench to be no better.
And indeed, the manner of Dreſſing, may much alter the Fiſh; as Athenaeus
Diocles, who being demandPike or a Conger, anſwered, a Pike boiled, and a Conger broiled. Some in general conclude, boiled Fiſh beſt, next roaſted or broiled, and laſtly fryed. But that is to humour their Palates; but look how flaſhy and flymie one Fiſh is more then other, and that kind of Fiſh ought to be rather roaſted, broiled or fryed, then boiled, to correct it's viſcous nature: Wherefore I do conclude, that all ſalt and obdurate Fiſh, is more exerementitious then freſh; and conſequently more apt to ingender worms. And thoſe that are
Sic ſua ſunt unicui
Whence we may perceive, that not only our Spirits and Humours, by which we are preſerved; but alſo, our whole Conſtitutions, and parts of our Bodies, are altered by the Meat we eat. Hinc ſubite mortes, atque inteſtata Sennertus: Hence ſudden Death, and many Evils fall upon us; Hence follow Diſtempers; Hence come Impurities; Hence are thoſe many Opilations; Chacochimia, Plethora, Cachexia, Quae vitia graviſſimorum morborum Cauſae Antecedentis continenteſ
And thus much ſhall ſuffice, briefly to be ſpoken of the Kinds of Food, How Cauſes, as relating to their Quality.
AMong the Antients, there was no other Sauce known, or at leaſt uſed, ſave Hunger and Salt: Hunger they call'd the Night of Sauſes, and Salt the Light, intimating, that as in the Night all Colours are alike; ſo nothing comes amiſs, or is unſavory to an hungry StoSalt ſheweth the variety and excellency of all Taſts. And truly, this ſimplicity of their Diet, might be one cauſe, if not the chiefeſt, why they lived ſo long over what we do now, who live ſenſually in Riot and Exceſs.
For, all thoſe Compound-meats, and artificial Quelkechoſes, which our Cooks ſo plApitius and Athen
made either of the Juices of Plants, or Plants themſelves; Pepper, Ginger, Cloves, Mace, Nutmegs, Sugar, Oyle,
worms, but abundance of Melancholy and unSalt it ſelf, and all ſalt-meats: And although thoſe ſeveral ſpecies may have their convevia cibi & quantitate magna, are not to be allowed; for they burn up the Blood, deſtroy and extinguiſh natural heat, moMontanus tells us of a Jew, who was generally miſaffected in all parts of his body, and operation of his Soul, by eating much Spices, and ſuch hot trifles. But ſuch like Inſtances are frequent. I muſt needs ſay, for any reaſon I can yet ſee, they are altogether uſeleſs or needleſs, both for the ſound, and unſound: For, Nature requireth not food, but when hunger excites thereworms, and frequently Death it ſelf: And in ſtrong and ſound bodies, if they do ſometimes throughly digeſt what they have needleſly and ſuperworms, but alſo many corrupt humours, cauſing oOringes, Lemons, Olives, Capers, Citrons, &c. They are better Phyſick, then Food; where
MUch more hurt is done by the Quantity, Intemperance, overOmni-vorantia & homicida gula, that all-devouring Gut of theirs: For, as one well exclaims, Pernitioſa ſentina eſt abdomen inſatiabile, An inſatiable Panch is a pernitious Sink, and the Fountain of all Diſeaſes, both of Body and Soul. It ſubverts and perverts the good tempeworms,
Plures Crapula quam gladius. And by too much eating, men dig their graves with their Teeth, and asEdunt ut vomant, & vomunt ut Edant.
And ſo on the other ſide, if we eat and drink too ſprringly, and not ſo much as nature requires, it doth not only conworms, which fre
IT will not be amiſs here to add a word alſo touching the Time and Order of Eating, ſince if we elect the beſt Meats, and moſt agreeable to our bodies, feed ſoberly and ſparingly on them, and yet obſerve not fit Times and convenient Seaſons, we ſhall as
So that if we break our Cuſtomeworms, but divers other evils; foworms; but divers other Diſeaſes. Thu
eſpecially the food they ſo irreworms.
Wherefore, nothing worſe then to worms, but of all Diſeaſes; worms, and ſubvert our healths. Nay, variety of Diſhes, though all good, wholſome, and eaſie of digeſtion, breed great diſturbance, and much confuſion in our ſtomachs. Beſides, protracting of time in eating, hinders concoction, by keeping the mouth of the ſtomach Hiant, and thus throwing freſh fuel on the fire,
UNleſs I ſhould here ſhew ho
There is no Rule ſo general, which admits not of ſome exception; wherefore to what hath been hitherto ſaid, l. 1.Hypocrates, and in Lib. 2. Aph.
and Lib. 1. Aphor. 16. So Cardan out of Galen adviThat we keep our Cu
For Nature re
whence we ſee, a bad Diet, conduceth more to health, then any ſudden al
And that men Qui medicè vivit, miſerè vivit, would be one of the greateſt truths in the world. In Weſtphalia, as Lipſius notes, people eat for the moſt part, noCabbidge or Colworts in Fat, which they call Cerebrum Jovis; In Italy and Spain they live upon Roots and Fruits moſt part, and Raw Herbs; in
Holland, Roots, Fiſh, Butter, Cheeſe, and ſuch like traſh. In Muſcovy, their chieGarlick, Onions, &c. which would kill us that are not accuſtomed to ſuch fiery meats. The Tartars eat for the moſt part, raw fleſh, and commonly Horſe fleſh, and frequently on the Road their bait is a Pudding made with MeaScaliger, they are a ſound, witty, nay and healthy people, living ordinarily, an hundred years. The Turks, as Bellonius
Opium, a dram at a time which we dare not take in grains. And Gartius ab Horto
Phidrid,
Nat Hiſt. Lib. 7. Cap. 2.Ichthyophago, a people in Ethiopia, that they not only feed themEngland as liberally feed on fleſh, and exceed in all luxury, eat more fleſh at a great Dinner, then they do in all Spain in a quarter of a year;
Tobacco being chewLondon, that would eat a pound, chewing all day long, and never find the leaſt alteThe King of all Meats; for Cuſtome and continual uſe hath ſo habituated our Bodies thereunto, that it doth not in the leaſt prejudice them. And ſo nothing more condemned, then Unleavened-Bread; and yet there is ſcarce any other Bread eaten, even among our daintieſt, and ſicklieſt people.
In like maner, touching the Quantity, Time, and Order of eating; how few are there living, that regard how much they eat, what, where, or when, in what manner, which firſt, or which laſt, mixing at every meal, Fleſh, Fiſh, Roots, Fruits, and all together, not regarding the nature of the one, or other, which they begin, or which they make an end with, nor any other Rule; and yet for all this, the variety, and mixtures, and diſMithridates his poyſon did with him. And we ſee Husband-men, Labourers & ſuch as are brought up to ſuch orders, or rather diſorders, can eat any thing, in any meaſure, and ſleep, go to bed, or work upon a full ſtomach, and obſerve no rule, and yet be healthy, which to ſome people, would be preſent death. So that Cuſtome is all in all. There
Delight and Appetite do not a little miFernelius tells us of a man, who having a long time had a longing to eat Calx vive, did at length, devour as much as the quanFelix Platerus obſerves;Nicholas alſo reports, he ſaw a man of about fifty years of age, who eat ſo much Tartar as was incredible. And he knew another (he ſayes) that vehemently coveted the eating of Clay. I remember I ſaw a yöung Lady, ſayesVictorinus Trincavellus, who would draw out the Threads of her Clothes ſhe wore, and eat them. And a Knights Daughter, an Aſſociate of my Wifes, eat above half the Shagg off of the Rugg of her Bed, and many Woollen Clothes; which was never diſcovered, till one day by chance, meeting with a Stocking, which one of the Tenants had brought home for one of the Servants, and deDarby-ſhire,
Sir George Greaſly of Darklow.
Laſtly, Neceſſity, which we ſay will break through ſtone walls; and thereGermany and others, Dogs, Cats, Horſes, Rats, Mice, and other Vermin, have been eſteemed delicious food, nWorms, making them more tollerable: But ſuch as live in plenty, lead a ſolitary and ſedentary life, ought to take their choice, and refrain what is likely to cor
DRink is that non-natural thing which reſtoreth that moiſt ſubworms. Since that is moſt true, Cibus atque Potus quoniam permanentem ac inhaereſcentem corpora materiam ſuppeditant, validius contumatiuſque afficiunt, & morbos pariunt. For as is our nouriſhment, ſo are our humours; and as our humours, ſo are our ſolid parts. Of Drinks there are divers kinds, As 1. Water. 2. Wine. 3. Cerviſia, or Corn-Drink. 4. Mulſa, or Honyed mixt Drinks. 5. And laſtLiquors; which being examined, will be found to be Cauſes.
EVery one knows there are divers ſorts ofSperm and Menſtruum of the World. The Sperm becauſe it includes the Seed of every thing. The Me
becauſe the Sperm of Nature is putrified in it, increaſed and nouriſhed. Whence the predominancy of either of thoſe three, occaRainwater. 2. Snow-water. 3. Spring-water.
River-water. 5. Well-water. 6. Standing-water in Lakes and Ponds, which are all unwholſome Drink, Cold, Flegmaworms; being apt to corrupt in the ſtomach, it converts into wind, whereby the tone, as alſo the ſtrength of the ſtomach, is reRainwater it ſelf, which although it be the pureſt and lighteſt, exhaled by the heat of the Sun; yet proceeds of divers mixt vapours, and ſo is the ſooner apt to corHypocrates thinks;Aetius without any exceptions or ambages, affirms poRain-water to be very noxious
in feaveriſh cholerick, and hot Diſtempers ▪ becauſe it is eaſily it ſelf converted int
And a little farther he ſayes It is hard of digeſtion and diſtribution, in gendring many diſtillations, eſpecially, if
And that Plus Conſtipationis habere, quam ſontanae, and therefore it neither is ſo abſterſive, ſo eaſie of digestion, or ſo moiſtening, but hinders the expulſion of the Excrements, and therefor
Snow-water in every reſpect, worſe Nay, Hipocrates
worms) as alſo grievous tormentin
Spring-water
As ſuch as paſs through any Niter, Sulphur, or Mercurial Subſtance, or any Mine, are to be uſed rather as Phyſick; and according to the nature of the Mine or Mineral, ſo will the water be. Such as are free from theſe, are uſed in Meats, and inſtead of Drink of a better nature ſometimes, ſtill partaking of the nature of the Soil through which it paſſeth, and that is worſt which goeth through noxious, ſlimie, clayie matter or ſoil; for accordingly, muſt their bodies be affected that drink it, and conſequently, their ſpirits and minds; for the filthyBodin
Lubden in Aquitain, from the feculencie of their Waters. Galen in like manner, conworms. Such as proceed out of a Rock, if it lie towards the North, is alſo bad, and Hypocrates
River-water is worſe, being compoſed or mixt with all other Waters, Spring, Rain, and Snow, deſcending from the Hills and Land; So that according to it's various mixtures, and the nature of the ſeveral Earths through which. Riworms, and vapours, offending the Head and Brain, moleſting the Spirits, and in a word, affecting the whole man, and laying the foundation of all Diſeaſes.
Well-water is yet worſe than any of the former; ſince it is ſubterranean, aſcendworms.
But the worſt of all waters are, thoſe
in Lakes, Ponds, Moats, Froggs, which by the heart of ☉ come to perfection.worms,
worms,
THere is no leſs variety alſo of Wine, both in relation to the Taſte, Colour,
and place Canary is but
tranſplanted, and moſt of the France, Hungaria, Spain, Italy,
Greece, were originally from one
All which, if inordinately drank at
worms: for though they be virtually hot; yet being taken in exceſs, increaſe Flegm, occaſion many cold diſtempers, hebitate the Ingenuity Wit, Reaſon, and the other faculties oSennertus
New Wine, eſpecially in the Muſt, is very unwholſome, ſweet, of a groſs ſubſtance, and ingendring a groſs Juice, Inflations, is hardly digeſted and diſtriworms. New Wine, which is ſomewhat more defecula
Old Wine is altogether as bad, if not worſe; that is, if it be too old, heating he body inordinately, and neither breeds a good Juice, nor nouriſhes much, but deſtroys nature, taken immo
Sweet Wine, although very pleaſant to the Palate, and nouriſheth plentifully; yet ſoon degenerates into Choler, hurts the ſtomach, and becauſe it is thick and groſs, troubles & afflicts the Bowels and Intralls, fills the Hypochondries with wind, obſtructs the Liver and Spleen, occaſions Crudities, and theſe vermin. Auſteer, or more Harſh and Crabbid Wine, are more dimetick, and leſs offenſive to the ſtomach, and not ſo obſtructive; yet nouriſh but ſlenderly, ſlowly diſtribute, hurt the breſt and Lungs, by ſtopping the flux of the Spittle, hinders Conco
HEre we might reckon up divers ſorts, according to the manner of making, which is as various, as the Countreys in which they are made, eveHolland, as the Fancies of men differ, or the Water of which it is made, or Corn; ſome making it with Wheat, others with Barly, a third ſonad infinitum: But are all commonly reBeer and Ale, and that either ſtrong, or ſmall, as it is compoſed of more or leſs Corn; and theſe are the chief and moſt common Drinks of the Northern people of the World, who, through the coldneſs of their Region abounds not with Vines.
So that, the property of theſe ſorts of
Beer and Ale cannot be exempt; eſpecially if they be New; for then they are obſtructive, very noxious to ſuch as are moleſted with the Cholick or Stone, are hard of digeſtion and diſtribution, ſtay long in the body, and fill it with many crude humours, and groſs nouriſhvermin; and beſides, ſends up many fuliginous vapors to the Head and Brain, and many times obſtruct the paſſages of the Animal SpiOld, it is little better, eſpecialBeer, and Foreſtus
tainted, too ſharp or ſour, dead and flat, or taſtes of the Cask with the mother floating on it (as we call it) &c. for they fret, gall, are unwholſome, and altogether as bad as putrid meat, or ſtinking fleſh; and cauſe divers putrid diſtempers, as well as worms, in us.
REaſon will tell us, that if Honey it ſelf doth ſoon convert into Choworms; that all Drinks made thereof, will do the like, as Mead, Metheglin, Bragot, &c. of which, as ſome think, there are thirty ſeveral kinds in Muſcovy, having likewiſe in them ſeveral Compo
AND ſo I may ſay of Liquors, beJuice of Apples or Pears, commonly termed Cyder and Perry, that they are of divers and various qualities, according to the nature of the Fruit of which they are compoſed; and what they are inclined to, hath been already ſhewed; which for brevities ſake ſhall ſuffice.
MEat taken in exceſs, doth not more injure our Health, then Drink, the Epidemical Malady of our Age; for as the French are for the moſt part Gluttons, the Germans and Dutch Drunkards, ſo are we in England both; nay, it is come to that paſs, that he that will not Drink, Rant, Revel, &c. is acad gulám, to pleaſe their Palate, or fox him they prewe run not with them into the ſame exceſs of Riot, ſpeaking evil of us. Thus men (or rather beaſts in the ſhape of men) often times careleſly, (though too often wilfully) overthrow the good tempeworms, and is the root of all Diſeaſes, both of Body and Mind. For the beſt of
Canary and Rheniſh, taken immoderately, ſubverts our healths: For as Jeſus the Son of Sirach well notes, The pains of Watching and Choler, and pains of the Belly, are with an inſatiable man; meaning the unſatiableneſs of drinking; for he thus proſecuteth it, in verſ. 29.30. Wine drank with exceſs, maketh bitterneſs of the mind, with brawling and quarrelling; drunkenneſs increaſeth the rage of a fool till he offend, it diminiſheth ſtrength, and maketh wounds; Agreeing with that of the Wiſe Man, who had tryed all things; and although he ſaith, There is nothing better, then to eat and to drink, and to be merry; yet alſo asketh this Queſtion, Who hath woe? who hath ſorrow? who hath contrition? who hath babling? who hath wounds without cauſe? who hath redneſs of eyes? And anſwereth himſelf, They that tarry long at the Wine, they that go to ſeek mixt Wine.
Solon ſaid of Meat, I may well affirm of Drink, That it is the divinest good thing not to drink at all, and the next unto that, and moſt natural, to drink as ſparingly as may be. I wiſh that ſaying of Anacharſis might be their Rule, That the first draught was to quench thirſt, the ſecond to
nouriſh the body, and the third for pleaſure, but the fourth he thought (as all wiſe men) was of madneſs. Whence Pithagoras the Philoſopher, would never drink Wine, becauſe he ſaid, The Vine brought forth three ſorts of Grapes, whereof the firſt quench thirſt, th' ſecond troubleth, and the third altogether dulleth and offendeth. And Alphonſus King of Aragon and Sicilia, being one day demanded by one of his Nobles, why he did always reBecauſe Wiſdome is hindred through Wine, and Prudence darkned; which two things are alone able t
As if he had learned Lemnels Leſſon. I
O Lemnel, It is not fo
Likewiſe Cyrus, the Monarch of thPerſians, being askt (when he was Aſtyage
why he would drink no Wine, returnFor fear leſt I be poyſoned; for I obſerved yeſterday, when y
Now I would but ask the ſturdieſt Drunkard of them all, whether it be not better to follow theſe good examLot, who lay with his two Daughters; or that of Herod, that ſlew John the Baptiſt; or that of Alexander the Great, who in a Drunken Fit, ſlew Clitus, one of the valianteſt CapAſpaſtes, one of his ProvinClitus had forCyrillus, who in a drunken humour, killed his Mother great with Child, as alſo his Father, hurt both his Siſters, and raSalisbury, who being drunk, in a BraDevil, ſayDevil or a GOD, his AſſociSpaniards report of one in Drink, that kild his Father, and raviſh't his Mother; and therefore, they accounting it worſe then either Murther or Inceſt, will give their Children Money to go to a Baw
On the other extream, to Drink too little, or leſs then nature requires, is as bad, if not worſe for the health of the body; for thereby Nature is ſtarv'd, Concoction impedited, Crudities accuworms ingendred.
EVery particular almoſt, that I ſaid concerning the unſeaſonableneſs of Eating, may be averted, and is verified in Drinking: For if the Drink be never ſo wholſome and good, and taken but moderately; yet, if at unfitting times, cauſeth no ſmall number of, nor petty Diſeaſes; beſides, it is ſo far from quenching of thirſt, that contrariwiſe, it augmenteth thirſt. Now Drink may be unſeaſonably taken ſeveral wayes; as firſt, in a morning faſting, which our Drunkards and good-fellows (or rather lewd-fellows) call a mornings-draught, eating nothing at all therewith: for the ſinews are thereby hurt, the Head and Brain, and many Crudities accumulabetween Meals, when thirſt compelleth not, not nature requireth it, eſpecially, before the meat be throughly concocted; for throwing on freſh Drinks frequently, and in great quantities, muſt needs, not
worms. Thirdly, immediately upon Bathing, Sweating, or any other hard or violent exerciſe, which warms the Blood, ſtirrs the Humours, and opens the Pores; eſpecially Water or ſmall Drink, which ſerve rather to expell and extinguiſh natural heat, when raDrinking Bedwards, and late at night, is alſo exworms.
SO Cuſtom of Drinking, both in relation to it's Quality, Quantity, Time and Order, doth no leſs mitigate, then in eatIndians make a Drink called Chica, which is compoſed of Water, Moloſſes, and ſometimes Honey, ſome Roots in thoſe parts, and the Leaves of Tobacco, with the largeſt Toad they can get, which they cloſe up altogeEgyptians for the moſt part, drink no other Water, then what is very impure, muddy, and ſlymie, as Galen
Indian Americans, in ſome places, England, London; is made of the water of the River of Thames runItaly and France, as alſo here in England, we find no City prejudic'd by them, through their conCyder and Perry, although for the moſt part bad Drinks, windy, griping the Bowels, ſtreightening the Breſt, hurting the Stomach, Head and Brain, Sinews, is crude, &c. yet it is almoſt their only Drink in Guipuſcoa in Spain; Normandy in France, and in many parts in England, as in Worceſter-ſhire, Hereford-ſhire, Glouceſter-ſhire, Devonſhire and Cornwall. And I know a GenCyder, and yet is in perfect health and ſtrength.
And for the Quantity of Drinking, we frequently ſee, men make as it were, Barrels of their Bellies; for each man to devour a Gallon is nothing, three
Hectors, Cutters, and Taring Ladds, the weakeſt of them can do as much, and never flinch for the matter, or be diſturbed, otherwiſe then what they are naturally, which is enough you'l ſay, or they would never be ſo mad.
And ſo for Time, they matter it not; no time comes amiſs to them, morning, evening, at noon day, and at midnight, nay, and all the hours both of day and night round too, without eating a bit in two or three dayes; nay, their cuſtome is ſuch, they are ſick if they do not thus continue; for they are no more of Hercules his breed, then thee or mee; and therefore would all ſoon be diſturbed, ſhould they live as temperately. And thus much of Meat and Drink, the ſenon-natural, or neceſſary remote, outward, precedent Cauſe of worms.
EAch of theſe, Sleep and Watchfulneſs, taking their turns once in twenworms, but alſo of many grievous, if not incu
Who would think that thou, O ſweet Sleep! which art the quiet repoſe of all the external Senſes, and the common Senſe or the Ligament, Band or Tie of the Senſes, created to preſerve Health, recall and reſtore diſtributed Spirits, and natural heat, and as Ovid ſings, to drive away Care, Fear, and Diſcontent, to comfort the whole man, and refreſh the tired and wearied Limbs.
Pax animi, quem cura fugit, qui corpora duris Feſta miniſteriis mulcet, reparat labori. que
Who would think (I ſay) that thou ſhould'ſt be a cauſe of this and other
immoderate, and when unſeaſonable.
Hypocrates. It hurts the ſenſtive faculties, viz. immoderate ſleep, retains the excreUnde excrementorum provectus, unde vermes, & pravitas corporis. Long and tedious ſleeps, ingender many flegmatick humours ſub
Again, Sleep uſed unſeaſonably, or at unfitting times, is likewiſe very bad
After Bleeding, many have never awaked more. 2. After the taking of a Purge or Vomit, if it be ſtrong, cauſes many inconOn an empty Stomach, refriAfter eating immediately, or within two hours, fills the head and Brain with many vapours, whence enworms. 5. In the Day-time, hinders the expulſion of the excrements, fills the Brain with many Fumes and Rheumes, hinders concoction both in the Stomach & Liver, increaſeth the Spleen, debilita
However, we muſt alſo here allow ſomething to Cuſtome, which in this, doth alſo as well as in Meat and Drink, a little mitigate.
Laſtly, to ſleep in the light, or beams of the Moon, filling ſuch mens Heads with dullneſs, and their Brains with moiſture, paleneſs and wanneſs over all the body,
Ovid well notes, the Image of Death.
Stulte, quid eſt ſomnus, gelidae niſi mortis Imago.
Or Death's Brother, as Galen excelJohn Stonus, who ſlept many dayes.
Inordinate Waking on the other ſide, is as bad, and a main cauſe; for as ſleep is a quiet repoſe of all the Senſes; ſo waking, they are all continually imploy'd on their ſeveral objects, and the Spirits being moved from within to the exterworm
ingendred, and many other diſtempers both Chronick, and Acute; alſo FrenFernelius
Seneca likewiſe rePliny
Nat. Hiſt. Cap. 51.Henricus maketMontuus, who ſayes, he knew a noble Lady, who lived in health, and without the leaſt inconveniency or hurt, without ſleep, thirty five years. Which ſtories, might to ſome ſeem fabulous, were not ſome of theſe Authors of ſo great AuRoſtern Pariſh, near Knutsford in Cheſhire, that a Shooenot to condemn what they are ignorant of.
YOU muſt know, Retention and Evacuation, is as notable a nonworms, but alſo of many other Diſeaſes, as any whatſoever. For ſince for the nouriſhUntimely and intemperate evacuations, on the other ſide are worſe; for thereby the profitable nouriſhments are therewith ejected, and the whole body rendred thus debil and conſumptive, it muſt needs be, that worms muſt follow, as well as ſeveral other direful diſtempers.
Now as there are divers concoctions in the body; as in the Stomach, Liver, Heart, Brain, and other Members; ſo are there divers excrements therein geevacuations and retentions: Of which, ſome are ſimply neceſſary, as faeces of the bowels, and Urin; others not ſo ſimply neceſſary, but at ſome times: As Choler, Melancholy, Flegm, Menſtrues, Hemroids, Bleeding, Purging, Bathing, Wind, Sweat, fuliginous Fumes or Atom-like Effluviums, Teers, Scurf on the Skin, Snot, Spittle, Sperm (if it may be properly termed an an Extraduce.
worms.
I ſhall give therefore a hint to the chiefeſt of them, and omit the reſt; for worms are not only ingendred by the oretention of the Ordure, cauſing a ſlagnation and putrifaction of the excreworms, and many other evils; as it fills the veins, and obſtructs the paſſages of the body, a chief cauſe
Too frequent evacuation you have heard, is little better; for the Intralls are not onſecundum plurimum, ingender putrid Feaworms.
Retention alſo of Urin, is no leſs a cauſe, but of many other Infirmities alſo, and death it ſelf, ſo extending the Bladder & Uritary paſſages with the neighbouring parts, that it cannot ſometimes comLautherdale's Father died about the end of 1644. or beginning of 1645. It cauſeth alſo the Strangury, Iſchury, Dyſurie, and many other Maladies, according to the nature of the retention; for if the ſeworms, and being an excrement of the Liver, and by this ſuppreſſion, diſtribuExceſſive evacuations of Urin, doth likwiſe cauſe grieworms, but alſo Conſumptions, Diabetes, and waſtes both body and mind, nay, and the very brain it ſelf.
Item, ſi menſtrua fuerint ſuppreſſa, accidunt Morbi, ſcilicet, Melancholia, Mania, Capitis dolores laſſitudo, ſpatulorum & lumborum gravedo, furor uterinus, Incontinentia, Catalepſia, Epilepſia, Gnappititiis ſeu Anorexia, Clyloſeas & Coctionis Laeſio, & vermes, &c. Si menſtrua plura fiunt, accidunt appetentia proſtrata, Coctio omnis Imbecilla, virium omnium dejectio, totius corporis refrigeratio, Decoloratio, Emaciatio, vermes, Sterillitas, pedum Inflatio, Hydrops, Bilis Ferror, Febres Bilioſae, Herticae, Cachexia, Lipothymia, Syncope, Mors ſenibus repentina, Junioribus tandem ſuperveniens.
Any other evacuation, as Iſſue, old Ulcer, and the like, ſtopt ſuddenly, is not only a Cauſe of worms by corrupting the huLucitanus,
And ſo the like may be ſaid of Hemorrhoids, if unadviſedly ſtopt, cauſing not only worms, but alſo Melancholy, Scorimmoderate flowing of them, vehement
Bathing alſo, according as the Bath is hot or cold, and the nature of the Infirworms. To ſtay alſo too long in a Bath, go in too often, or at unſeaſonable times, putrifies the whole maſs of humours, and is a main cauſe. Bathing alſo on a full ſtomach, or before there be due conCold Baths are worſe, eſpecially for ſuch as are growing, young people, or ſuch as are declining, and infirm bodies, or ſuch as feed groſly, for the Pores being there
Wind is alſo no leſs a Cauſe then any of the reſt, by hindring evacuations, and corrupting the humours; nay, it is the cauſe of all Diſeaſes. As Hypocrates and Fienus have ſhewed at large in particu
Semen deni
Corporis totius gravitatem inducit, civermes generat, Item ſi corrumpatur, graviſſima accidentia exNovi quoſdam (ait Mathiolus) Prae pindore à Coitu abſtinentes turpidos, pigroſque factos; nonnullos etiam melancholicos praeter modum maeſtos, timidoſque. Abſtinentia enim à veDominicus Leonus ſe vidiſſe in oppido Zuccani in Agro Lunenſi Patria ejus, mulierem temperaturae bilioſae, ob ſpermatis retentionem, & Creundi Deſiderium (erat enim juvinis viginti quinque annorum & nondum nupta fuerat, neque virum cognoverat) maniacam, & furioſam factam, ita ut per agros, & per ſylvas erraret,
& unum quemque obviam factum, ut ſecum coiret, provocabat, & renuentes lapidibus, & conviciis inſectabatur. Denique hujuſmodi furorem Coitu ſedavit; nupſit enim cuidem Ruſtico, unde convenientem adepta Medicinam, priſtinae ſanitati fuit reſtituta. Confimilem Hiſtoriam narFelix Platerus.
Nimium excretum, calorem nativum diſſipat, corpus univerſum debilitat, Cruditates cumulat & vermes generat, Spiritus depopulat, Cerebrum & nervos ledit, Podagra & alios dolores efficit, Calorem nativum diſſipat, Habitum Corporis ſolvit, unde omnes Coctiones Laeduntur, & multa excrementa cumuvermes, Senectutem accelerat, Canos maturat, Senſus He
WE muſt know, that Rest and Exerciſe is no leſs a Cauſe then any of the preceding non-naturals. To be
Neither is there any thing more devermin are abundantly ingendred: Nay, it is the proximate cauſe of all manner of Infirmities. For as a ſtanding Pool corrupts, breeds worms, and putrifaOvid might well
Ceruis ut Ignorum corrumpant otia corpus, Ut vitium capiant, in moviantur Aquae?
Oppoſite to theſe, are Exerciſe, Labour, Diligence, which on the other hand, if in exceſs, or unſeaſonably uſed, are as perVena Cava, which diſperſe themſelves into the four upper Ribs, or elſe the Azygos or vena ſine pari, whoſe circles are diſpoſed inPlara or membrane inworms, and many times Lasks and Vomitings.
Exerciſe at unſeaſonable times, on a full ſtomach is as bad; for it corrupts the Aliworms. Exerciſe on a full ſtomach alſo, counfounds the Animal Spirits.
Likewiſe when the body is not cleanworms ingendred.
IN the laſt place, Paſſions and Perturbations of the Mind, are in ſome caſes, the worſt non-natural; for as the dregs are the bittereſt of the Cup, ſo is this the moſt pernitious of all the reſt; vioAnger, Joy, Fear, Sorrow, which four Paſſions St.Bernard ſayes,are as the Wheels in a Coach, by which We are carried in this World. SubLove, Hatred, Envy, Emulation, Jealouſie, Pride, Anxiety, Mercy, Pitty, Ambition, Avarice, Shame, Diſcontent, Deſpair, Indignation, &c.
Now, theſe Paſſions and Perturbations of the Soul, dwell between Reaſon and Senſe; but for the moſt part, follow raSenſe, then Reaſon. For by the Memory
Common Senſe is conveyed to the Imagination ſome object to be known, which being thereby miſconceived, apHeart, the Seat of all Affections; whence preſently the Spirits haſten from the Brain to the Heart, ſignifying what good or bad ob
So that the original of all the Perturbations and Paſſions of the Mind and Soul, proceeds from a praved Imagination, miſinforming the Heart: For as the Fanſie or Imagination is more or leſs inPerturbations and Paſſions move more or leſs, take deeper impreſſion, and cauſe the greater tumult; whence the Spirits are ſo altred and confuſed, that there neceſſarily follows an increaſe of groſs, thick Spirits and Crudities, a multitude of bad humours are occaſioned, concoworms and other direful Maladies, both of Body and Mind, are occaſioned.
Plato therefore, aſcribes all miſeFanſie, and Idle Imagination ſits at the Helm, inſtead of Reaſon, that ought to be Pilate; which is to be ſeen in the beſt of us, more or leſs, at ſome time or other to break forth in ſpite of all Education or Religion, they being natural unto us, and inherent. Wherefore I ſhall hint at thoſe few Cardinal Paſſions only; and becauſe all Perturbations as was ſaid, proceeding from a depraved Fan
LET us conſider firſt, what Imagination is; and truly I think it may well be defined, That Internal Senſe which examines the ſeveral ſpecies of the Common Senſe, whether of things preſent or abſent, keeping and retaining of them longer, and recalling them to mind again, or making new of his own, and is free when the rest of the Senſes ſleep. (As appears by divers ſtrange conceptions in Dreams.) It's objects are all the ſpecies commuNight-walkers, who, whilſt they are aſleep, will yet walk up and down, and do their work in their Callings. Likewiſe in that direful diſtemper Hydrophobia and Lyconthropia, treated of elſewhere,Poyſons.
Some refer all Hereſies, Superſtition and Vice, to a depraved and falſe Imagination: and Paracelſus goes higher, aſcriImagination, the power of Miracle-working-faith: Concluding what Hypocrates or Galen did as to Cures, was meerly by the force of Imagination in them or their Patients, accounting them but meer Children in Phyſick. Others have imputed all Apparitions, Prodidepraved Fanſie, andidle Imagination. Some again, will have all Tranſes, and Extaſies, to be by the force of their Imagination; as it was frequent among the Indian Prieſts, to ſeOlans
Magnus affirms, and anſwer all manner of QueRondeletius
Rome, that could and did do the like, perſwading the world he could not help it, when he heard thoſe words of our Saviour upon
Conſumatum est, but Rondiletius quickly cured him, by threatning to Cudgel him, as you may ſee in the Author at large.
But it is moſt certain, the power of Imagination is apparent in theſe three reſpects or kinds. 1. Upon the Body of the Imaginant, including likewiſe the Child in the Mothers Womb. 2. Upon Dead Bodies, as Wood, Stone, Metal, &c. 3. Upon the Spirits of Men and living Creatures.
Upon the Body the Imaginant; we ſee nothing more frequent, then far one to yawn, if he ſees another; laugh, be anHieronimus Cardanus tells us of one who died outright, by but ſeeing one let blood. A Miniſter, a Patient of mine 1656. when I had cauſed my ApoCharon tells us of a man, that having his eyes covered, to be put to death, as he Imagined, being condemPyrocles falling in a ſwoon through Muſidorus his words miſconceived, wrongly applyed and agravated by his Imagination, as that noble Knight moſt excellently fanſies;Philip Syday in his Arcadia. fo. 37.
But the power of Imagination is not only in the affections; but in the very huSmall Pox, by ſeeing one perfectly recovered, with only the marks in his face, & ſeveral other diſeaſes, nay but by hearing them
Childiſh Imagination and fear, in an infectious time. I have heard of a man, who accidenPhyſitian, tells one he ſhall be ſick of ſuch a Diſeaſe, at ſuch a time; a thouſand to one, but when the time comes, he be ſick indeed, and grievouſly indiſpoſed, if his Imagination run on it. Dr. Cotta
Northampton-ſhire, who asking a Phyſitian's Advice, he told her ſhe was, as he did conceive, trouSciatica, whereupon ſhe was really affected with it that very night, though before as free as himſelf. The other was of a good woman, who upon the like occaſion, hearing her PhyLudovicus vives reports of a Jew, who in France, rode by accident over a dangerous preRocheſter Bridge when it was mending, there being only a plank laid for foot paſſengers. And all men know it forcibly corrupts the humours, and ſo cauſeth worms.
Neither doth Fanſie only cauſe, but alſo as eaſily cure Diſeaſes; as I may juſtly refer all magical and jugling cures thereunto; performed as is thought, by Saints, Images, Relicts, Holy-waters, Shrines, Avemarys, Crucifixes, Benedictions, Charms, Characters, Sigils of the Planets, and of the Signs, inverted words, &c. which ſerve to no purpoſe but only to help, farther & excite the Imagination, and ſtir up the humours and ſpirits, and ſo by the power of the Fanſie the cauſe of the diſtemper may be removed, and therefore all ſuch Cures, are rather to be aſcribed to the force of Imagination, then any vertue in them, or their Rings Amulets, Lamens, &c. As one that conAſtrologie, or that part which hatcheth the Reſolution of Queſtions, if we find a figure promiſing indifferent well, it ſo ſtirts up his Fanſie, that the
Imagination doth many times bring the thing to paſs; not the Starrs and Planets, there being no ground in reaſon or nature for it; or elſe the DeAſtrologer, that he ſtrangely hits upon truth, or brings it afterwards accordingly to paſs. As in my youthful time, for ſport among my friends, I have deſired them many times, to propound a queſtion of any one abſilly Women, braging Empericks, Quacks, Knaviſh Mountibanks, ignorant Chyrurgions, and Pragmatical Apothecaries, whom we oftena Rational an
and that too many
Patient and Emprick, & the ſtrength of his Imagination; for it is of more validity, then all the Phyſick he can uſe: whence Hypocrates
That Phyſitian doth most Cures, in whom moſt confide. Again, nothing more frequent then for melanTrallianus, that would not be perſwaded but ſhe had ſwallowPhyſitians comHollerius,
No leſs common are the Inſtances of the Mothers Imagination on the Child in her womb, every houſe affording one or more; as Paraeus tells us of one who brought forth a Blackemoor, only by looking on ſuch a Picture, at ſuchMarcellus Donatus
Jacobs Lambs were Ring-ſtraked, ſpeckled, ſpotted and grizled, as the Rods that lay before them; and Lemanius
If a woman at the time of Conception, think of another man abſent, the Child will be like that man; for the ſpecies of the object being freſh in the memory (as I noted elſwhereEmbaryon and it's ſeveral parts, the Spirits which reſolve into the Brain of the Child, and from hence finiſh all the outward parts, do ſometimes happen to fill certain places of the Childs body with the infection and tincture of this object, according to the impreſſion with which they were in the Mothers Fanſie.
2. The force of Imagination is ſuch, as Alkindus, Avicenna, Paracelſus, and others maintain, that it will move Stone, Wood, and Plants, out of their places, and cure Diſeaſes at a diſtance. But I ſhall not inſiſt on this.
3. It hath moſt power on ſuch things as are lighteſt and eaſieſt moved; and therefore above all, on the Spirits of men, and on ſuch men to, as are weak and feeble in Fanſie, Mind and Spirits, as the Poet ſings,
Neſcio quis teneros oculus mihi faſcinat agnos.
For
LET us begin with Anger, a Paſſion of the Soul moving the Blood and Spirits, firſt inwardly to the internal parts, and then outwardly, being the moſt vioIrafuror brevis, differing indeed nothing at all from madneſs but in deworms, and the Peſtilence it ſelf, and all other Diſeaſes ariſing of Choler, di
JOY is a paſſion moving the blood and ſpirits to the outward parts; and alJacob heard of his Son Joſeph, it is ſaid, Jacobs Heart ſainted. And ſo of the Queen of Sheba, when ſhe ſaw the glory of Solomon, that ſhe had no more ſpirit in her.
Simeon, at the firſt ſight of our Saviour, through extream Joy, burſt forth into theſe words, being hardly able to conNow lettest
thou thy Servant depart in peace, according to thy Word. But this is frequent, many men and women we ſee, if any Eſtate, Honour, or other good unexpected fall unto them, through inordinate Joy, are ſo tranſported beyond themſelves, that they can neither reſt, ſleep, or know what they do, or whence they are, as Maſſaniello the late Uſurper in Naples, who from a Fiſher-mans boy, in leſs then a weeks time, had more power then any Prince there had. And ſoNat. Hiſt. lib. 3. Cap. 53.Sophocles and Dyonitius the Tyrant, King of Cicily, being informed of a great Victory, through exceſſive Joy, died; or that Poet inAgellious, that contrary to expectation, got the victory and apCryſippus, who died in a fit of laughter, when he ſaw an Aſs eat Figs; the like did my Grand-father's ſecond Wife, at a Jeſt at Table. Much more frequently doth Joy, and eaſily corrupt our humours, ſubvert our good conſtitutions, and cauſe this, and divers other Diſeaſes.
AN oppoſer of Joy is Grief, as alſo Sorrow, drawing in the blood and Spirits by degrees from the external parts to the Heart and Vitals. Every perturbation is grievous, but Grief is aSorrow: It reworms, thickens the blood and huworldy ſorrow cauſeth death,
David comMy Soul melteth away for very heavineſs: And ſometimes cauſeth ſudden death, through the concourſe of much melancholy blood about the Heart, whereby the good ſpirits are extinguiſhEli through a ſudden ſeiſure of grief and ſorrow, fell backPhineas.
Publius Rutillus, died more of Grief, then any ſickneſs he had. And Severus the Emperour,Herodianus lib. 3.
MEtus inter omnes res terribiles maximo impetu animos percellit. It is a Cancer conſuming and waſting both body and mind, deſtroying the ſpirits and the whole man, as Ruſt doth Iron, the Vulture which the Poets feigned, to gnaw Promethius his Heart, Cozen-gerHypocrates his Twins; like Jacob and Eſau, one holds by the others heel; or like Naomi and Ruth, they go hand in hand together.
Fear likewiſe draweth them in, but more violently; whence paleneſs, frigidity of the more remote parts, an univerſal terFlorentinus Lendanus;
Pla
tells us
Many men are again, as much trouSuetonius in vita.Domician and Adrian were. For whatſoever a man imagineth, doubtingAſtrologie Reſtored.
Fear, there is no greater miſery upon Earth, or on this ſide Hell; for it draws the Devil to it, as Cardan well notes:Peter Martyr records of the Americans in Hiſpaniola, ſuch as are afraid of the Devil, are by him aſPaſſions and Perturbations, how Cauſes; as alſo of the ſix non-natural things, in like manner of evident, remote, outward, precedent, and neceſſary Cauſes of Diſeaſes. For, as touching thoſe other Paſſions and Affections before named, they are all reduceable to theſe four.
I Come now to contingent, non-neQuae mihi latiſſimum campum oſtendit, adeo ut ad finem rem ipſam perducere, & tam longum iter peragrare, nemo ſine Herculiano labore poſſit. For they are innumerable, comprehending all Adminiſtrations of Phyſick, both inward
Sun, Moon, or Starrs, venomous Creatures, bad Education, evil Communication, and other Chances whatſoever, Caſualties and ContingenErit mihi magnus Apollo; of Poyſons I have already ſpoken in a Treatiſe by it ſelf, alſo of the Influencies of the Starrs and Planets, both in my Aſtrologie Reſtored; and in this very Tract, how they may be Cauſesviz.
A bad Nurſe, which of all outward non-neceſſary accidents, is a moſt powworms, but of all Diſeaſes both of body and mind. For as it is no ſmall happineſs to be well born; ſo our felicity in the next place, chiefly conſiſts in the choice of a good wholſome Nurſe; and it were better never let Children ſuck at all, then to ſuck weak, unwholſome, inferiour woAn Anima ſit ex Tradure Chap. 3. Sect. 3. Subſect. 1.Packwood near Knole in Warwick-ſhire, did put a nurſe-by-blow-child often to ſuch a MaPhavorinus an excellent Philoſopher, tells us, if either a Kid or a Lamb ſuck the others milk, will be alFranciſcus Barbarus
Phavorinus his opinion, the Mother is beſt; for ſhe may be as very a fool, ill condition'd, croſs, or unhealworms, and all other Diſeaſes.
UNder this Member, having ſpoken of outward, ambient, and more remote Cauſes, we ſhall only add a word of ſuch Cauſes, as are cauſed by thoſe Cauſes, viz. Inward, Proximate, and Immediate Cauſes, proceeding chiefPlato, excuſing the Body, condemn the Soul, as not ruling the Body better. Others more ratioNona Corpus est Domicilium Animae, and that by which it works, being of it ſelf inorganical and incorporeal, ſo that then, as are the Organs of the BoMores ſequuntur temperaturam Corporis. Whence proceeds elſe, thoſe varieties in mens Diſpoſitions and Inclinations, SympaThe Fleſh luſteth againſt the Spirit, ſo that ye cannot do the the things that ye would. The good that I would, I do not; but the evil which I would not, that I do. And ſo we ſee daily, that old people dote, are dull, and want ſpirit and vivacity, and perform neither the rational, nor natu
Neither doth the Indiſpoſition of the Body, it's Humours and Spirits, maceworms, but all Diſeaſes.
Humours are in number four, Blood, Flegm, Choler, and Melancholy. To which we may add the Serum of the Blood. Now the Blood, from whence all other Huvena Cava, and ſo goes into the left Ventricle of the Heart, and by it's motion, is caſt into the Lungs through the pulmonary ArDes Cartes)
Now all defects of the Humours are divided into Plethoram, & Cachochymiam.
Plethora is a plentidude, redundancy, or fulneſs of the Blood in the Body, and other Humours, viz. when they abound beyond their due mean, they are called Cachochymia, as Galen
Flegm, Choler, or Melancholy, a Plethora. Yet if the other good humours abound with blood, it is a pure Plethora; but if toſpurious Plethora, corrupting the good humours and nutriworms. So doth many times the Pure, by ſeveral Acci
Cachochymia is an exceſs in either quantity, or quality of natural, or preworms, and an alteration of the habit of the body and conſtitution. So that Cachochymia is divers; for ſometimes Choler, ſometimes Melancholy, ſomePlethora in ſeat; for Plethora is in the veins only, Cachochymia is over all the body, and in every part, and in ſome one part or member ſometimes, as well as in the veins. For a Plethora is one of theſe wayes to be conſidered; 1. Quo ad vaſa, Quo ad vires. Plentitude in relation to the veſſels, I call the great concourſe of blood and humours, extending the veins beyond their ordinary magnitude. In relation to the ſtrength, is when the ſtrength of the body is burthened, opPlethora, as when the veſſels are not only fill'd and extended, but pains at the ſame time affect the boCachochimia agree with it, that it is alſo two-fold, Pure and Spurious. A Pure Cachochymiae, is when there is more plenty of ill humours then is conSpurious is, when together with abundance of bad humours and
worms, with a thouſand other diſtempers; ſo is the other. The worſt being Cachochymick, having its reſidence as well without as within the veſſels, and in every part of the body, eſpecially the bowels, it is moſt apt to offend, and is a moſt fre
Now I would not be here miſtaken, that the Melancholy, Cholerick, and Flegmatick humours in the maſs of Blood, are excrements, being often ſo called, from their ſimilitude with excrements, and becauſe they ſoon degenerate thereinto; for they retain the form of blood, fit for nouriſhing the body, and ſoon convertCholerick, Flegmatick, and Melancholick Blood, then excrements.
For all theſe Humours are either Natural, or Preternatural. The Natural is a cold and moiſt Juice or Blood, ſweet in taſte, and not perfectly concocted (to ſpeak of Flegm firſt) the moſt cold and crude of all the other humours, that is comparitively, & in reſpect of the ſecond
Flegm in the maſs of Blood. Preternatural Flegm, is all other Flegm beſides, abounding in the body, and can never be tranſmuted Sweet, or inſipid. 2. Acide, or ſharp. 3. Salt. And 4. Vitreous, reſembling molten graſs.
1. Incypid Flegm, (for indeed, the deob defectum concoctionis, ariſing of too much eating and drinking, idleneſs, &c. or elſe by eating crude and unwholſome meats and drinks, feeding on variety of diſhes, and at unſeaſonable times; or from an worms ▪
& cauſeth a multitude of other diſeaſes
2. Acide Flegm is alſo crude, ariſing of the ſame cauſes as the former. And therefore muſt needs produce the ſame effects; it is rendred Acide through want of Heat, and is worſe then Incypid.
3. Salt Flegm, ariſeth of Incypid Flegm
putrified, and ſerous humours mixt, growNam quum dulcis pituitae portiones quaedam, vi putridinis aſtae, reliquae dulcis ſubſtantiae permiſcentur, ſalſum in ea ſaporem efficiunt: quem admodum etiam in maris aqua fieri ceruimus. And muſt therefore alſo needs be a Cauſe.
4. Vitreous Flegm is exceeding cold, viſcid and thick, cauſing intollerable pains where it is lodged, and is no leſs a Cauſe, then any of the reſt.
Choler alſo, is either Natural, or Preter-
and not excrementitious,
Alimen
It is made of the more thin Chyle, and nouriſh
Now there is another Natural Choler, that is excrementitious, and that is abſoGall, made of the hotteſt and ſharpeſt parts of the Chyle and Blood; and ſent into the Bowels as a natural Cathartick to the Body, and if detained, being ſoon apt to corrupt, it degeneworms, and innumerable other direful Diſeaſes.
That which is Preternatural, ariſeth through defect of concoction, too much Care, Anxiety of Mind, Anger, Grief, too much and over frequent exerciſe, watchings, hunger and faſting, an hot and dry diſtemperature of the Bowels, youth and ſtrength of Age, the Summer time,
Veteline Choler, reſemNatural Choler, yeBurnt-Chole
by a preternatural heat. This is Ve
2. Porracea, or Leek-green Choler, ari
3. Eruginous Choler, Eruginoſa, reſemStomach by a more inHeart and Liver, and inordinate heat in the Viſcera, and Veins.
4. Iſatida, being of complexion like unto the herb Iſatidis, which we comWood, of a blewiſh green colour. It proceeds of Eruginous Choler more aduſted, and ſo comes more neer unto Black Choler, is the moſt ſharp, corroding and malignant of any of the reſt. Thus you may eaſily perceive,
worms and other Maladies.
Laſtly, Melancholy is either Excrementitious, or not Excrementitious. The Alimentary Melancholy, nouriſhing the Melancholy Blood, then
The Excrementitious is Natural, or Preternatural, the former is that faecu
Preternatural Melancholy, proceeds Aduſt Melancholy, or Black Melancholy. It is two-fold for the
worms and other Maladies.
Laſtly, Melancholy is either Excre
or not Excrementitious. The Alimentary Melancholy, nouriſhing the old and dry parts of the Body, and is inMelancholy Blood, then
The Excrementitious is Natural, or
the former is that faecu
Preternatural Melancholy, proceeds Aduſt Melancholy, or
It is two-fold for the
Natural Melancholy, or Melancholy Suc, the other of Veteline, or yellow Choler. But ſometimes by ſome accidents, flegm is converted inmelancholy, eſpecially Acide Flegm; for it being apt to putrifie, it ſoon degeneMelancholy. And all theſe huworms; nay, what is the diſtemper they produce not?
We may here alſo add this of the Serum, ſince it is no leſs a Cauſe of Cacochymia, then any of the four humours, it being a watriſh, thin humour (as I may ſay) proceeding from the other huSerums are there, every humour having its peculiar whey; and is as it were, the excrement of the humours. It is divided into mild, and ſharp; the ſharp and ſalin is for the moſt part, converted into Urin; yet ſome part is ſtill retained in the blood & other humours, to clarifie them, Swea
is alſo from the ſame, to which I may add Teers, only they are expelled ſeveworms, but Cacochymia's, and is the fountain of moſt Diſeaſes. And ſo much ſhall ſuffice to be ſpoken of Humours, how Cauſes; yet they are not confined to the firſt qualities, but have likewiſe in them ſeBitter, Acide, Saline, &c. by which they may alſo be a Cauſe in as forcible a manner,aluminent & nitrous humours are apparent in ſeveral other diſtempers, as the Gout, Canker, Scorby; or, to ſpeak ſpagyriſweet Salt, the ſubject of the Balſamick Mercury, and is Nature's great friend. But the Nitrous Salt is quite contrary, and deſtructive to her, cauſing many Diſeaſes. The Aluminous Salt, is to the Viſcera, extreamly emphractick; as Vitriolate Salt Cathoiretick to the pulmoArmoniack Salt, that is dyſepulotick to the Skin and Fleſh. AlSaline Salt that occaſions thirſt.
In like manner there are no leſs vavinous Sulphur, reſembling the Archeus, or Vital Spirit, or Sulphur which is the director of Life. And there is a Sulpurous Sulphur, that is moſt fiery, and the occaſion of Feavers eſpecially continent; as Stibial Sulphur is of putrid, with voCinabrious Sulphur ingenders malignant Feavers, and is phagedainick to the skin and fleſh. Arſenical Sulphur doth alſo occaſion malignant Feavers, the ſmall Pox, Dyſenteries, Syncopes, &c. And ſo doth Eruginous Sulphur cauſe Dyſenteries, pains in the Ven
Of MERCURIES alſo, there are not a few; as there is a Balſamick Mercury, which is all one with the HuGlutinous Mercury, that, on the contrary, diſeaſes the body; is emphractick to bowels, and is that we call Tenacious Flegm. As Mercurial Mercury, is the ſame which we call Serum. And ſo Glacial Mercury,
Lunary Mercury, which is that Cryſtalline Liquor which perfuſes the Brain; but becoming accidentally ſulAcetoſe Mercury, is only that acid Vinger-like flegm, that renders the body meagre, ſqualid, &c. and is very offenſive to the Bowels.
Theſe, by their various amalgama
We may aſcribe all to Salt, Sulphur, and Mercury; which denominations in ſome Caſes, we ought not to deſpiſe; nor, on the other hand, the Galenical Doctrine of Humorous Cauſes, leſt we make our ſelves ridiculous.
Thus amidſt ſo many various Cauſes, no wonder if ſo many various forms of worms, of divers colours and magnitudes be ingendred in us, as hath
DEſcend we, in the next place, acSigns Diagnoſtick, whereby theſe vermin are diſcovered to be in the boCauſes.
Now this word Sign in this place, is not to be taken in that ſtrict ſenſe which commonly our Philoſophers do, underPhyſitians. For whatſoever is preſented to the Senſes, manifeſting any thing elſe, ſecret or hidSign. Cognoſcitur enim Signatu ̄ ex Signo demonſtratione
ab effectu, vel à cauſa, vel iterum ab Eſſentia. Medici verò hic omne id, quod aliquod eorum quae in method
For by the name Signs, we underſtand all thoſe evident things, which lay oSeu, ut Author Definitionum
medicarum loquitur. Signum eſt
Signum est, quod ſub ſenſum aliquem cadit, & quiddam ſignificat, quod latebat: Or we may ſay, Signa ſunt quae conſpectui nobis exhibent ea quae in obſcuro ſunt. For a Sign muſt ſig
Signs then are three-fold, wholſome, inunwholſome, ſhewing weakneſs and Infirmities; or neutral, indicating a diſpoſition to neiGalen) to be called Deloticks, or Diagnoſticks, which are demonPrognoſticks, which indicate and foretell what ſhall happen upon the Diſeaſe. And Anamneſticks, which declare the quoncommon Signs, ſome Proper, and thence ariſe theſe ſePathognomonicks; as, difficulty of breathing, a dry Cough, a feaveriſh Diſtemper, with Pain, &c. are the Pathognomonick ſigns of a Pleuriſie, yet an Authelitus, Cough, a Feaver, Pains, &c. conſidered ſeverally of themſelves, are not. Likewiſe Latins call Aſſidentia, Supervenientia, mox ſeu poſt Apparentia.
Synedruous Aſſidentia, are ſociable Signs; yet ſuch as do not neceſſarily cohear to the eſſence of a Diſeaſe, neither are they inſeparable from a Diſeaſe, nor always preſent; but ſometimes (beſides the Pathognomonicks) they appear preſently at the beginning of a Diſeaſe, ſometimes they follow afterwards, and ſometimes again, they appear not at all, at any time of the Diſeaſe; and therefore, they de
Galen and his followers comprehend Epiginomena's under Synedruous; thereFuchſius and others, mention only Synedruous, confounding the other thereFernelius ſpeaks not a word of Epiginomena's; yet they are different Signs.
Epiginomena's and Epiphanomena's, are ſuch Signs as neither ſhew the kind of a Diſeaſe, nor the quality thereof; but only it's mutation. And they are threeCriſis, and are Critical, preſaging the termination of a Diſeaſe.
So that, although there are many and divers Fountains of Signs; yet may they all be reduced to theſe three following, viz. Firſt to the eſſence of the thing it ſelf, whether it be a Diſeaſe, a Cauſe, or a Symptome; to wit, when a thing is ſo manifeſt in it's own nature, & obvious to the Senſes, that there needs no other ſigns to make it more apparent. 2ly. from the effects, or all things that follow health, a diſeaſe, and cauſes of a diſeaſe, Accidents, and Symptomes, whether the Actions are hurt, or the Excrements, Retentions, or Qualities. Thirdly, from
external, as Air, Meat and Drink, Cuſtome, &c. or internal, as Humours, Age, Temperament, Sex, &c. by themſelves, or by accident, or what other way ſoever, &c. But I ſhall only inſiſt of the Diagnoſtick ſigns of Worms in this place and ſo proceed to Symptoms and Prognoſticks, and then to a concluſion.
ERE we can come to the Cures, it is moſt requiſite we conſider the ſigns of the Diſeaſe, that we be rightly informed of the nature thereof, or our Remedies will but be in vain; for the Diſeaſe be
And truly, it is no eaſie matter to diſworms, or, at leaſt, by thoſe ſigns infallibly to conclude any one moleſted by them; ſince all the ſigns that diſcover them, are common ſignatures and indications alſo of other Diſeaſes. Neither do all the ſigns ap
However, the ſigns of worms in the Inteſtines and latent there, viz. the moſt common and frequent are, ſqualTeretes are at any time dejected, which occaſioning moſt grievous Symptoms, it is a ſign they are moſt abundant and peccant at that time; eſpecially if in a morning, whilſt the Paticucurbitin morſels, the Patient is aſſuredly moleſted with your Lati Lumbrici. If there be an itching in Ano, it indicates Aſcarides offend. And ſo of others you may judge by the part af
It is no eaſie matter many times, to diſcover whether they be from a natural or magical cauſe, ſince as you have heard, the Devil oftentimes, and moſt times, works by natural means, and by the mediation of mens humours. Whence ſeveral able Phyſitians have been herein deceived; as may bee ſeen in their Writings. Sennertus tells us, he cured ſeveral that were ſorely affected with intolerable pains, and inflamma
The chief Signs however, are theſe,
1. When the Patient is extraordinarily affected, and that, ſometimes, without the leaſt appearance of any natural cauſe whatſoever. Divers Inſtances to to this purpoſe, we have inlib. 2.Remigius.
2. When the Patient ſpeaks an un
3. When Phyſitians of known abiworms) ſo as they know not neither what to determine, even within themſelves; alſo when all ordinary Infirmities, ſtoop not to proper and ſpecifical Remedies.
4. When Knives, Sciſſers, Pinns, Needls, Coles, Parchment, Pigions
5. When a diſeaſe ſuddenly changes, and runs into another without any apworms of his own accord in bed, of the length of a mans middle finger, with
6. If any thing be evacuated extra
THE eighth Head which we proPhyſitians called Symptome, is variouſly taken; for if we conſider the ſignificaLatins inCon-caſus, à Simul Cado, is nothing but Accident; ſo that whatſoever happens to any one, or follows any thing, Sive ſecundum, ſive praeter naturam, ipſius
dici poterit. Notwithſtanding, Phyſitians account what follows fickneſs, or ſickly bodies, a Symptome,
Accidents, according to Galen, li. 1. Meth. Med. Cap. 9. Yet ſometimes, it is geneSymptome follows a Diſeaſe, as the Effect doth the Cauſe; whence it may alſo be denominated Superveniens & Supergenitum. It being evident, that that which Actionem laedit, is a Diſeaſe; that which Morbum producit, is the Cauſe; and that which Morbum conſequitur is properly a Symptom only. Neither can Symptoms ever aſſume the nature of a Diſeaſe, beperſe. Yet many Diſeaſes are juſtly termed ſometimes, ſymptomatical, following oA preternatural affection which
or, A Symptome is an affection pre
Having thus given you an hint what a Symptome is, I ſhall proceed to ſhew the many direful Symptoms that hath and may follow upon worms. As, to ſpeak of Diſtempers of the Head; A young Girle aboutAlexander Benedictus li. 2. de Cur. Motb. Cap. 16.worms, affected with a Catalepſie. It hath likewiſe occaſionedMart. Rul. Cent. 8. Cur. 13. Dan. Sennert. Pract. Med. lib. 2. Part. 4. Cap. 1.Epilepſies, and indeed nothing more frequent then Epilepſies from fumes of dead worms, offending the Brain and moſt occult Cells and Ventricles thereof, with their malignant quality; many times alſo from the worms gnawing the mouth of the ſtomach, whereby the matter is eaHead-ach, Anhelitus, Cough, from ſuch gnawing, Mart. Rul. Cent. 1. Cur. 80.Convulſions excited.
A Maid affected with the Falling-ſickworms, great and ſmall, and ſo was never moleſted with it more.Zac. Lucit. Prax. Ad. lib. 2. obſ. 33.Mart. Rul. Cant. 8. Cur. 13. & Foreſt. li. 10. obſ. 117.Epilepſie, Syncope, trembling of the Heart, and Cholick by fits, and then into a Bulimos, ſo that ſhe ſeemed unſatiable, one day feeling as it were, a ſudden leap in her belly, as if ſhe had been ſtrangled, and taken with a Sopor, ſhe voyded by the mouth four worms of that ſort we call Teretes; and coming to her ſelf aNavel, from whence iſſued three nimble brisk round worms, of the length of a mans hand. Likewiſe ſuch as have been moleſted withPet. Foreſtus med. obſ. l. 21. obſervat. 28.Convulſions, have been cured by voyding worms by the noſe. And Trincavel. tells us,worms, were ſo direfully affected with the Convulſion Opiſthotonis, that their heels were made to touch their heads; which is confirmed byLucitanus, one affectZac. Lucit. Prax. Ad. l. 2. obſerv. 35.Apoplexie, lying in bed, as one dead, without ſenſe or motion: his Phyſitian ſpying at length, between his Teeth, ſomething to move, his mouth being forworms, which being taken away, the Patient in a little time came to his Senſes, and preworms by the Noſe, and afterwards four by ſtool, and ſo recovered. And what is wonderful and worth our ſerious conſideration,Zac. Luſ. Prax. Ad. l. 2. obſerv. 36.Aphonia, ſo that ſhe did not ſpeak in forty dayes without Coughing up worms, of the ſhape of palmer-worms, ſmall, ſhort, and alive, notForeſt. in ſchol. obſ. lib. 9. de vapain in his Head, after the trial in vain, of the beſt means in that caſe, was at length cured by the having of the Cranium opened, and a worm taken away, which was on the Dura Mater, in the form of a Weeſel.
H
Head-ach for two dayes, voided a white worm, pretty thick, and longer than a mans hand, by the Noſe, and ſo was cured.Z
lib. 1. obſ. 6.Head-ach night and day, was thought by the Phyſitians to have had the Pox, and acworm by the Noſe, round, plump, much like to thoſe in an old Cheeſe, only the beak was ſharper, which ſhe being freed of, her pains vaniſhed.Foreſt. lib. 21. obſ. 31.Watchfulneſs, unquietneſs, Anger, and Madneſs. And ſometimes manyZ
lib. 2. obſ. 31. Prax. Admir.Exclamations, as that Boy was maceterrible pain in his Stomach, who by a Medicine, voiding much uncworm, half the length of a mans hand, pretty thick, all over hairy, a ſmooth head and a forwith perplexing pains torflat-worm of four Ells long, and the thickneſs of a mans thumb almoſt, was preſently well. Likewiſe that Fellow, that was for two years together tortupains of the Heart,
Foreſt. Ab Hen. à Bra obſ. med. lib. 21. In Schol. obſ. 26.worm of a ſtrange ſhape.Beniventus lib. de abditis, Cap. 2.pains of the Heart by vomiting,
worm. Garrius Lopius ſcribit fe vidiſſe matronam per uteri collum multitudinem vermium Aſcaridum magn. expuliſſe, quae poſtmodum dolore quo cruciabatur liberata est. And I my ſelf had a Patient, who laboured under all the Symptomes of an exulceration of the Reins, and inflammation of the Kidneys, with that intoworms, of that kind which we call Teretes, which came away upon the injection of an ordinary Clyſter ſomeRiv. ex obſ. Commun. A. D. Pet. Pachequo obſ. 40.pains in the Reins, voyded with his Urin a great number of black worms, of the length and bigneſs of an ordinary Needle, horto eat very much, and immoderately, digeſting, and never ſatisfied, and complaingnawing in her ſtomach, &c. who at length, by taking a Purge of Hiera, voyded a worm of twelve Cubits long, and upward; whereby that Boulimus, or Caninus appetitus ceaſed. Another in
worm by ſtool, was freed of his continual hunger, and well he might, for it was no ſmall matworm, being ſixSudden, violent, and unaccuſtomed vomitings, do alſo oftenvermin.
Foreſt. li. 21. obſ. med.worms out of his ſtomach. And anotherMart. Rul. Cent. 1. Cur. 34.vomited many worms, which had grievouſly infeſted th
and corroded the ſtomach. And not long ſince, a Gentlewoman at Table, being ſuddenly taken with a vomiting, ejected a black worm, of a quarter of a yard long, and ſo was well.Avicennae Fen. 16.3. Tract. P. ca. 4.oeſophagus, that the Patient is in danger of ſuffocation, and a Boy,Anton. Beniventus de Abdit. morb. Cap. & Cur. Cap. 28.worms, could not reſt any manner of way, Sed ſemper hinc inde temerario quodam impetu ac inordinato motu ferebatur, ut etiam ſtare volens iterum titubaret & caderet; yet, by evacuating of the worms, was cured. In like manner a WenchGabutinus Cap. 13.Pleuriſie. And I my ſelf had a Patient but very
Pleuriſie to outward apremiſs Feaver, a dry Cough at firſt, anbelitus, a pungent pain in the ſide, and afterwards cough'd up purulent matter, with now & then ſome blood, &c. who was cured by taking ſuch things which evacuated worms, which he did many times, and the firſt was a quarter of a yard long.Cornel. Gem. Coſmocrit. l. 2. Cap. 2.inexpreſſable tormenting gripings in her belly, and under her right Hypochondrie, evacuating by ſiege, a live Eele-like worm, a Cubit long, which ſhe bore (as if ſhe had been with Child) nine months, and ingenLaz. Riv. Cent. 3. obſ. 3.Dyſentery for many dayes, and then with a Tertian Feaver, and when he began to amend to appearance, he had an intermitting Pulſe for three or four dayes, with Anger of Mind and Soul, as alſo great weakneſs of body, the cauſe of all which, the Phyſitians were ignorant, till it manifeſted it ſelf by voiding at length a worm a Cubit long, and the thickneſs of a man's finger, on which, the Pulſe returned to its former equality,
Amat. Lucit. Cent. 1. Cur. 48.worms, was afAnorexia, nauſeated all food, reſtleſs in every place, moving from place to place, as one mad; and his Pulſe ſo unequal, low, weak and recurrent, ſo that all his Phyſitians left him over for dead; but at length going to ſtool, ejected a kind of bladder, as round as a ball, in which, being open'd, they found miworms, to the admiration of the ſpectators, and ſo was perfectly reſtored to his former ſtrength. And multitudes of Patients I have had my ſelf, moleſted with the Dyſentery, occaſioned only by worms, which diſtemper never ſtop'd, till they, or the vermiculous matter was evacuated. Some alſo, who have had univerſal pains. Another I had in a Conſumption, and brought to that weakneſs, ſhe could neither ſtand nor walk, and all through worms; with a Diarrhaea, a dry Cough, &c. and to cauſe Ulcers in the Lungs, is alſo frequent, ſith many have been known to ſpit up worms on their expectoration of emplaſtick puruBeredictus Veroaenſis lib. 5. cap. 15.ſpeechleſs, rigentibus oculis, &c. who voiding forty two worms in a lump together, without any excrement, was freed.Foreſt. lib. 21. obſ. 29.worms, that he lay in a languiſhing Condition three or four months together, feeling no pain, but only about his Navel, but voiding thoſe worms, he recovered.hollow-Eyed, a tumefied Belly, an emaciated Body, with a turbulent dry Cough, &c. and all by reaſon of worms.
languiſhed ſo, as every one leſt him for dead; and all from worms. They occagripings and tormina in the
Bowels.
Wierus de Praeſtigiis Daepain in his Belly, voided a monſtrous worm, was cured. It hath been alſo known, that worms will make the Patient lie as if he were dead. Sometimes they diſſolve intoRiv. obſ. fol. 308.bad humours and putrid. A Girle we findAmatus Cen. 2. Cur. 41.worms, ejected both upgreat thing, as black as Ink.
Foreſt. l. 21. De inteſt. afIliack andMart. Rul. Cent. 10. Cur. 6.Colick Paſſions,
extend the Belly, rendring it tumid, hard, coſtive, ſometimes with a Feaver Tertian, ſometimes Lasks enſue, Lienteric
&c. as well as Dyſenteries, ARiv. obſ. 353. fol.Monpieleur in France in a Tertian Feaver, was cured by a medicine that evacuated a flat-worm ſeven foot long.Valeſc. de Taranta in ſuo Philonio.Feaver, vomited much Poraceous Choler, and nauFeavers of all ſorts;Foreſt, lib 6. de feb. obſ. 38.Peſtilential Feavers too: as alſoEpidemical Diſeaſes. Eraſmus
Italian, that had never been in Germany, whom he himſelf (he ſayes) ſaw in Italy, that notwithſtanding he had never been taught, when the Moon was in Combuſtion of the Sun, would ſpeak the German Tongue moſt elegantly, being as one poſſest by the Devil; and yet was cured by a Phyſitian that admiWorms, whereby he wholly loſt his German Tongue. SomeFore
See more in Paulus lib. 4. Cap. 53. Avicenna Fen. 16. Tract. 3. Cap. 2. Paraeus lib. 19. Cap. 3. Solinander lib. 5. Conſil. 15.cauſeth death it ſelf, not only in that parEpilepſies, Calepſies, Apoplexies,
Hollerii de morb. internis.Syncopes, Peſtilential Feavers, and all other Feavers, Palpitations of the Heart, Pleuriſies, Lypothymia, Convulſions, Anginae, Sopores, Deliria, Maerores, and inunder what Diſeaſe may they not kill, ſince they may be the Introducers of all other Maladies? I ſhall therefore ſay no more of Symptomes: But adviſe all men, both Patients and Phyſitians, in every Diſtemvermin, the grand Devourers and Deſtroyers of Mankind.
HAving thus briefly diſpatched the Symptomes, let us, in the next place, examine the Prognoſtick Signs of Worms, that we may the more plainly diſcover the danger of them; and ſo, conſequently, be induced to take the more care to avoid them.
And for as much, as they are the foreSymptoms before ſpoken of, and indeed of moſt, if not all Diſeaſes;
Prognoſticks of them all, according as the Party, and parts of the Body are affected; ſome
Of the three ordinary ſorts, Aſcarides are leſs offenſive, being moſt remote from the Vitals, and are eaſily expel
Teretes are worſe again, and occaſion moſt horrid Symptoms oftentimes; if they come from any body on a Criſis, it is a good ſign. But, if at the beginning of a Diſeaſe, it is bad, whether they be evacuated alive or dead; eſpecially if alone, without any mixture of excre
The flat-worm is worſe than they, being more difficulty cured. Sometimes (notwithſtanding it many times kills;
Red are more direful then White: and monſtrous ſhap't worms, which
If they proceed from any ſupernatuPhyſitian's Art.
REgard ought to be had to our laſt promiſe, now having proceeded ſo far. Indicationes & Curatio Lumbricorum, cum ſint toto genere praeter naInterficiantur, quae Amara, Salſa, Arria, tota proprieper al
quod cathartriis perfiTeretes vehementior a medicamenta deſiderent; ſed tamen ſynuptomata, tum febres, ſi adſint, talia non admittunt. Quando Praecipua ex Enecantibus ſu
cornu cervi uſtum, aqua graCalid
Corallina, Sem. Santonici, Aloë, MyrExpellentia ſunt praecipuè, DiaturbitExtra, Laudatur Cerotum ex Myrrha, Aloës, Croci, cum felle Bovis & ace
If they proceed of a ſupernatural Cauſe, a ſupernatural Cure muſt be adminiſtred: To preſcribe the fuming o
If there be any Cure attempted in ſuch Caſes, it muſt be either Natural, Magical, or Divine.
As touching the Natural, it may be doubted by ſome, whether natural ReBy eva
and that by vomit eſpecially, if the part affected be the Stomach, Meſentery, or about the Spleen or Liver. If in the Inteſtines and Bowels, by Purge. 2: By Altera
which may be contrary to the Diſtemper, or Humour excited by the Devil. And theſe Alteratives are again, either in
or outward, deſcribed byCodron
Henrecus ab Heer, &c. But none of theſe Natural Cures are to be relyed Phyſitian; but alſo croſs his deſigns, by rendring his Medicines ineffectual.
As touching the Magical Cure, perforMagicians, Conjurers, Witches, by the mediation of certain Words, Characters, Philters, Charms, Amulets, and the like, is unlawful. For Cures thereLeo Suavius, Piſtorius, and oParacelſus,
Erodius,
Conſtantius, allow ſo far of theſe Practiſes, that they call the ArtiſtsGods Miniſters and Viccars. It matters not (ſays Paracelſus) whether it be GOD or the Devil, Angels, or unclean Spirits Cure us, ſo that we be eaſed. But Thomas Eraſtus condemns him, and that juſtly, for his ignorance and impiety, and for affirming, If his patients have a ſtrong Imagination, they ſhall find the benefit, and the effect, whatever Divines ſay to the contrary. But theſe kind of Cures, I ſay, are exploded by all
Evil is not to be done, that Good may come of it. And that it is evil, will appear elſewhere.Delrio
much better to die, then be ſo cured; and ſo doth St. Auguſtin; The Devil is the moſt inveterate Enemy of Man-kind, and a murtherer from the beginning; wherefore, there is no good, or the cure of any Diſeaſe, to be hope for from him. Potius mortem homini Chriſtiano obeundam, quam vitam Hominis Ligaturis redimendam.
It is the duty therefore, of every good man and Chriſtian, to have re
AND thus I have given you in ſhort, the Indications and Meſix non-naturals are the main and moſt common Cauſes, I ſhall cloſe up this my Diſcourſe, with ſome ſhort Rules how to rectifie and mitigate their evil effects.
As it is eaſier to prevent a Diſeaſe, than to cure it; ſo it ought to be a good Phyſitian's ſtudy, as well to preſerve Health where it is, as to reſtore it, where it is loſt. Much more ſhould it be the care of the Patient to take this wholſome adTemperance, a Jewel of ineſtimable value, yet eaſily purchaſed; and cheaper than any one Diſeaſe; this being the Iſſue of Vice, Diſorder and Intemperance.
Now, that I may be the better undernatural, vital, and animal actions of both Body and Soul, according to the courſe of Nature, conſiſting in a well tempered conſtitu
The ſubject matter of our Healths (you have heard) are theſe ſix non-natural things, before ſpoken of; being eſ
I am not of opinion, that Health is almelancholy men would ſoon be deſtroyed, ſhould they eat ſuch melancholy meats, as have an Analogie with their Conſtitutions, by increaſing their evil habit of Body; and therefore ſuch Meats and Drinks as rather quailMutati
the ſame may be ſaid of thSanguine, Cholerick and Flegmatick. And ſo we ſee old people, that are cold and dry, better agree with Wine that iCholerick people are deſtroyed by WineSpice, and Hot Meats. i.e. that are Po
But as I have ſaid before, ſomewhat ought to be allowed Cuſtome, which is as a ſecond nature, gradually gaining upon us, by multiplyed actions and frequent exerciſe, and in time, arriving even to the power of Nature it ſelf. WhereGradatim. Nay, even ſuch as have been long acWine, or other thing worſe, Tobacco, &c. whereby they have perPhyſitian therefore, ought to be very cautious and prudent in this particular, and not preſently to pro
Having premiſed this, I ſhall beginon-natural, A
which in our preſent buſineſs is to bas it is in it ſelf, or irelation to the Body receiving it. As in ſelf, a cleer, pure, ſerene Air is beſt and men Conſtitutions for the moin relation
it may be bad; and that is only to be accompted a good Air, which is proper and moſt conveworms, by all means they are Phyſitian, and not ignorant Inworms, or where the humours are inclined to putrifaction; but generally in moſt Diſ
MEAT and Drink, have been beSubſtance or Quality, Quantity, Time of taking them, Order and Cuſtome. As for the Quality or Subſtance of Meat, it muſt be the care of all prudent men, to avoid all ſuch Food or Drink, as breed cither a groſs, or viſcid, ſlimy, or flegmatick Juice, Crudities that bind up the body, or cauſe obſtructions, yield a corrupt matter, or accidentally corrupt our huvermin, and if they know not how to direct themſelves, let them take the Direction of the Lear
As for the Quantity, to preſcribe an exact Rule in this particular, for all Aè contra, &c. is not only an idle conceit, and a nicity, but a madneſs: Since there is ſuch variety in mens bo
The Quantity of Food then, ought to be proportioned by no other Rule,To riſe with an Appetite; conſidering, we have two Gueſts to entertain, the Body and the Soul, and that therefore we have a care, that we deſtroy not the powers of the one, nor the faculties of the other. For though the Belly have no Ears, yet it hath Intelli
To point out a time alſo, for all Ages, Conſtitutions and Conditions of men, and limit them therewith, were more then a madneſs: Since Cuſtome alters much, and labouring men we know, can, and do eat often and heartily; ChilHunger, eat not therefore, till ye have an appetite, and then not till ye have none: For when appetite excites not, it moſt part argues, nature hath not fully digeworms, but of indeed moſt, if not all Diſeaſes; keep the Bowels clean, and preſerve Health bet
The ſame may be ſaid ofvermin; beſides I may, without ofDrink, which ought not to be medThirſt compell not, in too large a quanin a morning,
between Meals; cold Drinks, i. e. potentially ſo, when the Pores are open, and after any violent exerciſe.
There ought alſo, to be a Right Order obſerved in eating and drinking, if we will avoid theſe vermin, and many other Diſeaſes; to feed on a ſimple Diet (as was ſaid) is beſt, but if that cannot be obſerved, let what is lighteſt of dige
ELſewhere in Cauſes, you have heard the horrid evils, enſuing on ſleeping and waking; therefore the exIn overwatchings, ſleep is to be procured, by either Nature, or Art; inward or outſleep the chiefeſt thing in Phyſick. The fittest time is when the Aliment is ſomewhat digeſted, and ſetled at the bottome of the ſtomach. The best poſture is to lie on the right ſide, for ſo the Liver reſts under the Stomach, whereworms, and many other Diſeaſes. At the firſt DecumTo procure ſleep, it's beſt to reon a full ſtomach in the day-time, when Fears, Cares are in their Heads, it is uopen Air, and in the Moon-light; alſo on an empty ſtomach; immediately after Purges, Vomits, or Bleeding. If ſleep be in exceſs, the cauſe muſt be removed alſo, as ſoon as may be, by proper means; which muſt be ap
SEveral Excrements from ſeveral Diwormatick matter, it ought to be by art, duly evacuated. It were good alſo, by way of prevention, to keep the body
Evacuations, unleſs they exceed, are to be indulged, in reworms themſelves. But if it be in exceſs, and violent, and the ſtomach thereby taken away, it ought to be care
EVery Diſeaſe almoſt, as well as this, proceeds from Idleneſs, Sloth, and too much Reſt; as hath been ſhewad Ruborem at leaſt, and that daily; though not ad Sudorem, unleſs neceſſity comBut whatever the Exerciſe be, care muſt be had it be ſeaſonable; not before an evacuation by ſtool, not immediately on a full ſtomach; but rather when digeſtion is almoſt perfected: Yet as to every individual per
YOU muſt know, although the Paſſions are moſt violent Perturworms, but alſo of moſt, if not all other Diſeaſes; yet are not Diſeaſes of the Body, but of the Mind and Soul ra
Anger, it is an excellent thing (to opMeekneſs, Patience and Humility; for you ſhall ſeldome ſee Anger in any but proud people, it being indeed, the effect of Pride. Let's alſo examin our ſelves, why we are ſo, on what ground, what is the cauſe, or what occaſion, and then, whether it be juſt or no. Meekneſs is a calmneſs and quietneſs of Spirit, in diAnger; and may be exerciſed towards GOD, or towards our Neighbour. As for that towards GOD, I ſhall ſay nothing, ſince I think the vileſt of men dare not be anThat towards our Neighbour, is chiefly to be ſpoken of; therenone but the meek injoy this world,
Zervias, behave our ſelves like men, and gain the love of all we converſe with; nay, it is that which makes usAnger unmans a man; ſo Meekneſs advances a mans honour.
This virtue, I ſay, we owe to out Neighbours, and all we converſe with, viz. ſuch as may bridle that mad Anger, being both miſchievous to them and our ſelves, being eſpecially thereuntoChriſt himſelf (who came to plant peace in the world among men) injoins us. It's oppoſite, Anger, making a man unfit to be either a Friend, or Companion, rendring him intolerable to all helet all
bitterneſs, and anger, and wrath, and clamour, and evil ſpeaking, be put away from us, with all malice.
Patience and Humility will work much the ſame on us, if we rightly conſider them in oppoſition to Anger, it being an effect of Pride.
And truly, if we may ſpeak accord
Therefore, in a moral and prudent way, let us reſiſt the firſt aſſaults, or ocCerberus, then Moſes. 3. Let us leave it with the greateſt Celerity that may be, leſt the cuſtome of this Devil-like-ſin, take away the ſenſe of it. 4. Let us never ſhew our Teeth when we cannot bite, and never to be angry, therefore with ſuch as we cannot overſway and win by it; for to begin ſtrife, is more eaſie, then to oppoſe it; never let us therefore contend, either with equals or ſtrangers; nor with friends neither, but in a friendly way, leſt we make them our enemies. 5. In all our Converſes, it were well alſo, if we conſidered, and duly weighed the diſpoOctavian's Leſſon, to repeat the Letters of the AlIf I were not angry, I would beat thee. 8. That we would wean our ſelves from that arrogancy and ſelf-love that is in us, and eſteem leſs of our ſelves then we do; ſo ſhall we never find an injury to faſten on us, either ſudhumanum eſt errare; for to commit ſuch a fault as Anger, upon a fault; and it may be, a trivial one, is as great a fault as can
As touching Fear (for I have, I fear, been too long upon Anger) of CalamiStultum eſt timere quod vitari non poteſt, 'Tis a folly to fear that which cannot be avoided, as Death. Nay, a man thereby unmans himſelf, by yielding to his Paſſion, throws away his own Arms, and pulls many times, the evil upon him he moſt feared, repreſent
Sorrow, there's no Condition free; from him that ſitteth on the Throne, to him that grindeth at the Mill; even in the midſt of our higheſt Jollity, there is ſome Diſcontent; our whole life is a Glucupricon, a Dulcomare PaſNihil eſt ab omni parte beatum. Whatever is under the Moon, is as changeable as her ſelf, that never ſtands at a ſtay; increaſing or de
But thou wit ſay, None ſo unfortunate as thy ſelf. This is but thy miſtake, and over-weinedneſs to thy ſelf; every man knows his own, but not anothers miſeAuguſtin.
What canſt thou complain then of? Art thou ſickly? Remember the Fleſh re
Art thou poor? Which is the greateſt miſery that can befall a man, either in his own, or others eſteem: Yet if we rightly conſider it, Poverty is one of the greateſt bleſſings that is; we are not then to think it as a Curſe of GOD, as many, idly did. ForAnguſtin
Proph
alſo were all poor, and ſo were the Apoſtles; As ſorrowing, yet alwayes rejoycing, as having nothing, yet poſſeſſing all
things.
Silver and Gold have I none, ſaith Peter.
Hieronym.
Lubrica ſtatio & proxima praecipitio; and Shrubs are more ſecure from Storms, then large lofty Oaks, or Elms. There is much more happineſs, in a meaner ſtate; for Riches are the Devils hooks, by which he catches men; and as the
Auſtin in Pſal.Fortunatos
They are in a haypy condition, if they did but know it that are poor, and make a good uſe of it. He that deſpiſes a man for his poverty, is irrational; 'tis Fortune's fault, not his; and if he could be but content, he were happier than the RiFor he if rich that hath bread to
eat, and a potent man, that is not compelled to be a Slave; Hunger is not ambitious, ſo that it have to eat, and Thirſt doth not prefer a Cup of Gold.
Fret not thy ſelf then, becauſe thou art poor, contemned, or not ſo well for the preſent, as thou wouldeſt be; not reſpected as thou oughteſt to be by thy Birth, Place, Quality, Worth. If thy Money be gone, thou art ſo much the lighter, Gold and Silver are too heavy for ſuch to carry, as are ſeekers of HeaIf they had not been lost by thee, thou would'st have been loſt by them. Fortune can take away our means, but not our minds; let us defie her therefore, and come what will come, Bona meus nullum triſtioris fortunae recipit incurſum. Submit to God's will in all things. If it can be amended, do; if it cannot, make the beſt of a bad market; but either way, let it not trouble thee.
Art thou Impriſoned? be not trouPaul writ moſt of his Epiſtles in Priſon, and John the Revelation. Art thou baniſhPatria eſt ubicun
That's a man's Coun
Hast thou a Friend dead, or Relation? What is in this world, that we ſhould ſo much bewaile their being taken aIt is a miſery to be born, a pain to live, and a trouble to die; Death frees us of all, and yet we abhor it, and will not congrieve not, as without hope;
I have loſt a good Wife, a young Wife, never man had a better; but if ſhe were as thou ſayſt,Did'ſt thou find her ſo, or make her ſo; If the former, thou mayeſt as luckily find another; if thou mad'ſt her ſo, thou mayeſt as cheap, inform and tutor another. Therefore, never deſpair: Now thou art at libercovet thy Wiſe,
Friends, Children ſhould live alwayes, thou art a fool. It was a pretty Child indeed, but who knows whether he would a-prov'd an
Thracians thereNiniveh, that great City is deſtroyed, and ſo is Jeruſalem; that glorious Temple, what became of it? Mycenae was the faireſt City in Greece. Jam ſeges est ubi Troja fuit; and Babilon hath nothing of it remainLONDON, and it's Interment in Aſhes. Greece of old was the Nurſer of Sciences, and the Seat of Civility and Humanity, now a Den of Thieves, and over-run with BarItaly in the time of the
Rome, the Queen or Cities; now divided by maGermany, of old time unculti
Art thou ſlighted, contemned, diſpraiſed, undervalued? I confeſs theſe would a little move a man, and ſome humours; but to a ſtaid wiſe man, theſe are noFaber quiſque eſt, fortunae ſuae: & nemo laeditur, niſi à ſeipſo. In ſome kind, Proſperity and Adverſity are in our own hands,every man's Mind is ſtronger then Fortune, as that wiſe man ſaith, And leads him to what ſide he will. Our Fortunes, Friends, Injoyments,
Wife Children, Parents, &c. ebb and flow with our Conceits of them: pleaſe, or diſpleaſe, as we conſtrue, apPaul therefore was hapin what ſtate ſoever he was, therewith to be content.
rail on, ſcoff on, ſlander and lie on, Sapiens, contumelia non afficitur, Quia contra Sycophantae morſum, non eſt remedium. It is to no purpoſe to be troubled,Iames 3.6. And admit they ſhould applaud a man, what doth it ſignifie? It brings no real advantage to him, making a man never the wiſer, or learneder, or honeſter, or better for beBelzebub: Nay, GOD himſelf is blaſphemed by them. Bene facere, & male audire Regium est; let them ſcoff, defame, undervalue, ſlander, abuſe, and take their courſe, it is an ordinary thing: Keep Faith and a good Conſcience within,
Beſides, it will be ſome comfort to conſider, that Honour, Reſpect, Eſteem, Imployment in this world, are not alFor it is Opinion and Intereſt only, that carries things in the world. Whence we ſo often find Fools preferred, and wiſe men neglected, little regarded or eſteemed. 'Tis as ordinary a thing as can be, to ſee an impertinent, illiterate Aſs, preferred before his betters, beQui Neſcit Diſſimulare, neſcit vivere. Cardan, Lipſius, Melancton, Budaeus, Eraſmus, men of great Learning, Parts, and to whom the whole world is ſo much beholding, died all poor, as they
The Race is not to the Swift, nor the Battel to the Strong; but as the wiſeſt man ſaith, Time and
Chance (and ſometimes, an untimely Chance, or a Miſchance) happeneth unto us. Sic Superis viſum; GOD ſees it is good for us to be thus humbled, and therefore perhaps, he hath bid Shimei Curſe. Good men do not alwayes find grace and favour, lest they ſhould be
Paul Apologizes for himſelf; Leſt I be eralied above meaſure. 2 Cor. 12.7.10.puffed up, grow inſolent and proud. Let us therefore, indure it with patience whatever happens, and through good or bad Report, enter into ImmorSorrow; yet they being ſo many and divers, I hope I am pardonable, ſince it was requiſite to ſay ſomewhat to the materialleſt of them; If what hath been ſaid may not be ſufficient, for the reſt, you may take theſe few Sayings of wiſe men: And ſo I ſhall haſten to conclude.
Love GOD above all, and thy Neighbour as thy ſelf; do as you would be done by, know thy ſelf; be contentLingua, Loculis, Oculis, and Poculis; watch thine Eye, moderate thy Tongue and thy Expenſes, hear much, but ſpeak little, mend in thy ſelf, what thou ſeeſt amiſs in others; keep thine own CounFide, & Diffide: Be not a ſlave to thy Money, yet live not beyond thy Means: Take Time by the fore-lock; be humble to thy ſuperiours, reſpective to thine equals, affable to all, but not familiar: Lay no Wagers, make no Compariſons, find no Faults, meddle not with other mens matters, admire not thy ſelf, inſult not, be not proud nor popular; neither flatter, lie, nor diſſemble; keep thy word and promiſe, be conſtant, be not opinionative; fear not that which cannot be avoided, grieve not for that which cannot be re
Joy. But becauſe I have all along, as the Subject would give leave, ſtudied breJoy being conſidered, there hath been ſufficient ſaid to bridle and mitigate it's inordiAnger and Sorrow.
THat my Reader may be Encincted with Reaſon able to Renix the Halucinations of that Pangene
It's Diſpeſct into ten Heads, in which, though the Diſcourſe be chiefly ſuited to the Helmintick Meridian; yet the Ingenious and diligent Reader may
Some may perhaps Opipro Re nata that makes the Phyſitian; and how can any one then, ignorant in the Phiſiological part of Medicks be the bet
I have therefore only given you the Indications and Method of Cure in ge
For although impudent Intruders, and Quacks venture on all things raſhly, and at a diſtance, their Ignorance not beSecundum Artem, and from the hand of one that is INDEED A DOCTOR, Learned and able to adviſe Analepticks, Araioticks, ChaAriſtotle defines ExMetaph. lib. 1.Experientia Singularium Cognitio eſt. Now if Experience conſiſts in the knowledge of every Par
Something I muſt ſay alſo, touching the Scheme of ſome very ſtrange Microworms of ſtrange forms come to be in us.
Touching Ferments, which I often hint at, though by Galleniſts too much ſlighted, as among the Spageriſts as much admired. Yet as I ſaid, if we were but well acquainted with every Chyme and Juice in our Bodies, how they are moſt of them replete with Sul
Which notwithſtanding, whilſt they allay each other, make no diſturbance; but if they grow predominant, and ſe
To which we may add, there are two ſorts of Ferments, as that worthy Dr. Willis
Salin; as we ſee in the Cure of the Gout, Scorby, Spleenitick, and Hypochondriack Affections, the AciBoyle,
1. LOgiſtica Aſtronomiac, or the Doctrine of Aſtronomical Fractions, both in Nautral and Artificial Numbers. 2. Trigonomatria, or the Doctrine of Triangles, both plain and Sphe3. Doctrina Spherica, or the DoLongitudes, and other poſitions of the Planets. 4. Theoria Planetarum, or a new and accurate Theory of the Planets, founded upon the Copernican Hypotheſis. 5. Tabulae Novae Aſtronomicae, or New Aſtronomical Tables of the Planetary MoVincent Wing. To be ſold by George Sawbridge.
THE Author being abſeat from the Preſs, and his Hand being mor Intricate then uſual, as well as his Language, in many places, ther hath more Faults then is cuſtomary eſcaped the Preſs. Therefore you are de
PAge 1. line 1. read Wierus, p. 19. l. 9. r. Gabucinus, p. 19. l. 12. r. Montuus. p. 19. l. 16. r. Rul. p. 19. l. 19. r. Dodroncalis, p. 22. l. 16. r. Liddelius, p. 24. l. 29. r. Teeth, p. 25. l. 7. r. vitiating, p. 26. l. 14. r. Cornax, p. 27. l. 22. r. Dracontia, p. 30. l. 13. r. Letter, p. 43. l. 25. r. Is, p. 44. l. 5. r. abound, p. 49. l. 13. r. Acteon, p. 50. l. 11. dele. God, p. 50. l. 29. r. Poſſeſſions, p. 51. l. 9. r. abreviate, p. 55. l. 19. r. Lares. p. 58. l. 15. r. when. p. 60. l. 17. r. ſerve, p. 61. l. 4. r. it, p. 64. l. 8. 1. diſſipating, p. 68. l. 19. r. Title, p. 76. l. 25. r. Accuſes, p. 76. l. 28. r. ſtrong, p, 89. l. 18. r. intended, p. 95. l. 20. r. Matter, p. 97. l. 14. r. traduced, p. 97. l. 38. r. Wolphius, p. 100. l. 4. r. continuate, p. 102. l. 11. r. are, p. 102. l. 18. r. Nonnaturals, p. 103. l. 3. dele Soul and, p. 103. l. 23. r. Cum, p. 109. l. 5. r. verum, p. 109. l. 7. r. mutavere, p. 109. l. 9. r. Animarum, p. 109. l. 11. r. Concipiunt, p. 112. l. 22. r. ſ
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p. 150. l. 29. r. Savararola, p. 156. l. 20. r. Venenis, ibid. r. conferre, l. 22. r. Oblinuntur, l. 25. r. Hydrophobia, p. 158. l. 17. r. ſomething, p. 164. Heildiſheim, p. 165. l. 25. r. Wei
p. 167. l. 3. r. Aſiainum,
Scholam, p. 179. l. 15. r. Barnicles, p. 181. Senectus, l. 24. r. vermes, p. 198. l. 22. r. ſouced, p. 202. l. 4. Pliny, p. 220. l. 4. r. hurt, Iohn
p. 243. l. 25. r. ſerous, p. 244. l. 15. r. Inappetitus, l. 22. He
p. 246. l. 26. Coju
p. 253. l. 21. r. proceed, p. 253. r. Olaus,
Lemnius, p. 263. l. 3. r. Embrion, p. 264. l. 14. r. Hinge, p. 27Man, l. 21. r. Acrio, p. 317. l. 3. r. Cathartecis, l. 8. r. SymptNoverirt, l. 20. r. Gold.
In the Margin.
Pag. 68. l. 1. r. Compreſſing, p. 106. l. 29. r. Joyns, p. 125. l. 7. r. Acoſta, p. 199. l. 4. r. Avolation, p. 312. l 14. r. In oratione, p. 214. l. 6. for ☉ r. Salt, ib. for ♀ Sulphur, p. 215. l. 16. for ♀ r. Sulphur, ib. for ☉ r. Salt, p. 216. l. 4. for ☉ r. Salt, l. 5. for ☉ r. Salt, p. 219. l. 1. for ♀ r. Sulphur, l. 2. for
In the Appendix.
Pag. 363. l. 14. r. Oedepize, p. 364. l. 10. r. Extime, p. 365. l. 3. r. whereas, p. 368. l. 13. read, It, 369. l. 7. r. Cambiate.