from the Latin word Abscindo, to cut from, is a term in Astrology, and signifies a weakning of a Planet, which happens when three Planets are within the bounds of their Orbs, and the middlemost is a weighty Planet; to which another lighter, being in fewer degrees of the Sign, applies; and the third being in more degrees, separates from it: But before the first, moving Direct, comes to be corporally joyned with the said ponderous Planet, the third becoming in the mean time Retrograde, does thereby come up before it to the said middle Planet: Then is the third said to cut off the light of the first. It may likewise happen another way, that is, when the middle Planet applies to a conjunction with the last; but the first being lighter, (that is, more swift in motion) passes him, and comes first to a conjunction with the Planet which he is tending unto.

a Latin word, signifying properly, the bowing, or hollow arch of an Oven; but amongst Astronomers 'tis used as well for the highest part of the Circle; to which, when a Planet comes, it is at the greatest distance from the earth; as the lowest part thereof, when he is the nearest to the Earth that he can be. The first is call'd, the Apogaeum: The second, the Perigaeum of a Planet. By the mutation of these Absides, or points, and their passing from one Sign to another, Astrologers pretend to discover the Revolutions of States, &c.

is the aggregate or sum of the Excentrique and Optique Equations; and therefore it is called the Absolute or Compound Equation.

Astrologers by this term mean the most remarkable chances that have happened to a man in the course of his life: As a grand sickness at such a year: An extraordinary fortune such a year: An eminent danger at such a time, &c. By these, where they have not the true, but only the estimate time when a person was born, they find out the true hour and minute of the Native's birth, as exactly as they could have found out at what age such accidents should have happened to him, had the true time of birth been given them.

are certain casual affections of the Planets, whereby they are strengthened or weakned, by reason of being in such a house of the Figure, or the like. As a Planet in the mid-Heaven has five Accidental Dignities: In the 12th house as many Accidental Debilities. They are called Accidental, because they are suddenly altered, and in contra-distinction to Essential Fortitudes and Debilities: As when a Planet is in his own House, or in his fall. The Table of the Planets essential dignities is common in Mr. Lillie's Almanack. That of their Accidental Fortitudes and Debilities, you have in his Introduction, p. 115.

A measure for Land, containing (by the Statute) 160 square Rods or Perches. See the Appendix.

From a Greek word Acronychos; signifying, of, or belonging to the evening, is one of the remarkable manners of the Rising or Setting of Stars, and different both from Cosmical, or Heliacal: For when a Star rises when the Sun Sets, 'tis said to Rise Acronycally; and when it Sets when the Sun Sets, 'tis said to Set Acronycally.

Is an Angle less than a Right Angle, or less than 90 degrees, and therefore called Acute, that is, sharp: As in Scheme 1. the Angle O. A. B. containing but 40 degrees, is an Acute Angle.

is one of the five vulgar Rules of Arithmetick; and is no more but a putting together, or collection of two or more numbers into one.

A Latin word, and sometimes from the Greek, called Epocha, is the beginning of an account of Time, founded on some extraordinary accident. As we Christians reckon from the Birth of our Saviour: The old Romans, from the foundation of their City, &c. Hence the Birth of Christ, or the Building of Rome, is called the Aera of our or their account.

Solstice, From Aestas, Summer, Sol, the Sun, and Sto, to stand; is when the Sun enters Cancer, (generally the 11th of June) For when the Sun is got furthest from the Equator, and is ready to return, 'tis called a Solstice, that is to say, a stay of the Sun, because he seems then for some time to stand still. The other called the Hyemal, Brumal, or Winter Solstice, is in December, when he enters Capricorn.

The whole gathered together; the Sum, or Total.

Astrologers having divided the 12 Signs of the Zodiack into four Threes, according to the four Elements, call'd Gemini, Libra, and Aquary, the Airy Triplicity.

or the Giver of Life; is a Planet that disposes of, or has dignities in the Hylegiacal (or principal) places of the Figure when a person is born; and according to his condition, so may the Natives life be expected to be longer or shorter.

The name of a Royal Fixed Star in the 4th degree of Gemini, within almost three degrees of South Latitude, of the nature of Mars, and so violent, that Astrologers say, being with the Luminaries, or Saturn or Mars, especially in the Ascendant, he threatens an untimely or violent death.

is a word often used by Arabian Astrologers, and signifies a temporary power which the Planets claim over the life of a Native in such an order; which being both difficult, and vain, I omit.

is an Arabick word, and signifies an abstruse sort of Arithmetick, the art of Equation, or a certain Rule for the finding out the hidden powers of numbers, as well absolute as respective. See the derivation in Dee's Mathematical Preface to Euclid.

is a word seldom used by English Authors, but signifies only the Label or Index that moves upon the Centre-pin of an Astrolabe.

are the even or equal Numbers that may be had out of any great Number; As 6. 4. 3. 2. 1, are severally Aliquot parts of 12; because six may be had twice in 12. Four may be had thrice in 12. Three may be had four times in 12. Two may be had six times in 12. And One, twelve times.

A Rule of Arithmetick; so named, because it teacheth to knit or bind together divers things of unequal prices, whereby to find how much of each must be taken, according to the question propounded.

The Title of an excellent Book, written by Ptolomy, of the Sphere, &c.

The word is originally Arabick, and signifies as much as distribution, or numeration, whence our Annual Books, wherein the days of the month, Eclipses, Lunations, Festivals, &c. are set down, numbred, and distributed, are so called.

are Circles of Altitude parallel to the Horizon.

An Arabian word, and term in Astrology, signifying the Lord of a Figure, or strongest Planet in a Nativity, viz. That Planet that hath most Essential and Accidental Dignities.

A term used in Trigonometry, distinguishing from the true Base: As thus; in oblique Triangles the true Base is always either the sum of the Sides, (and then, the difference of the Sides is called the Altern Base,) or the true Base is the difference of the Sides, and then the sum of the Sides is called the Altern Base. As in the Oblique Triangle, A D E (in Scheme 2.) A C is the sum, and A F the difference of the Sides D E and D A; A E is the true Base, and A I the Alternate Base, according to Norwood.

[Lat. Height,] the Sun, Moon, Stars, &c. being any number of degrees above the Horizon, are said to have so many degrees of Altitude.

From the Greek Ambluys, blunt, or obtuse, and Gonia, an Angle; is a term in Geometry, and signifies a Triangle, that hath one of its Angles obtuse, that is, greater than a Right Angle. See Angle.

is of the same derivation and signification, but used for an obtuse Cone, viz. A Cone whose Axis is shorter than the Radius of its Base.

(From the Greek Amphi, on either side, and Scia, a shadow, or, in English, people of double shadows) are the Inhabitants of those Regions under the Equator, or between the Tropicks of Cancer and Capricorn, because their shadows are cast sometimes towards the North, and sometimes towards the South, according to the Sun's different course; such are the people of the Golden Chersonesus, or Malacha in the East-Indies, the Isle of St. Thomas, the middle of the Isle of St. Laurence, &c.

Lat. signifies the space or number of degrees contained between the East or West point of the Horizon, and the Rising or Setting of the Sun, Moon, or any Star; or if the Sun, Moon, or Star be above the Horizon, then so many degrees as are contained between the Azimuth of the Sun, Moon, or Star, and the said East or West point, shall be called their Amplitude.

Gr. Anabibazo, to lift up, or rise; The Dragon's-head, or the Northern Node of the ☽, where she passes from South to North Latitude, (thus marked ☊) is sometimes so called, because 'tis above the other Node, called the Tail.

A branch of the Opticks, called also Catoptrics, a Science, which by the Rays of some luminous object, reflected on a plain superficies, partly obscure, and partly diaphanous, considers, and finds out its form, affections, greatness, distance, and the like.

Are also part of the Opticks, which by the lines of the Stars, and other visual objects, refracted in a medium of different thickness, measures their figures, magnitudes, distances, &c.

Gr. [properly the Firmament, but used for] A plain Projection of the Sphere, called also the Orthographical Projection, where the Sphere is cut into two Hemispheres, and the Eye placed at an infinite distance vertically to one of the Hemispheres, then a right line extended from the Eye to any assigned point in the Sphere, called Surface of that Hemisphere, shall project the assigned point upon the plain, and the distance upon the plain from the Apex, or top of the Hemisphere, to the projected point, is equal to the sine of the Arch from the vertex of the Hemisphere to the assigned point, the Radius being the Semidiameter of the Sphere. See the Description and Use of the English Globe, sect. 6.

Gr. [A resolution, unfolding, or untwisting of a Matter, Argument, or Problem;] Whence the Adjective Analytical, done▪ or doing, by way of opening, or resolving.

Gr. [Proportion, or like comparison;] but in Mathematicks 'tis a double comparison, or proportion of Numbers or Magnitudes one to another: As when we say, as 4 is to 2, so is 8 to 4. Hence Analogicai, proportionate, or alike.

Is a Greek word, and signifies, A cutter off; and therefore Astrologers use it for the killing Planet, or Planet threatning death in a Nativity, which is usually the Lord of the Eighth, or one posited near the Cusp of the 8th. &c.

In Geometry, the meeting of two Lines make an Angle. As in Scheme 1, A is an Angle, so is B and C, &c. Thus B is the Angle of the sides B A and B C; and C is the Angle of C A and C B. Thus the meeting of two Walls in a Building makes a Corner, (call'd in Latin Angulus, whence this term of Art is derived.) An Angle is either Right, Acute, or Obtuse. A Right Angle is, when a Right Line falls perpendicularly upon another Right Line, so as it leaves an equal space on either side: for where it so touches the other Line, it makes two Right Angles. As in Scheme 3, the line B A makes two Right Angles at A, on the line D A C. It contains just 90 Degrees. An Acute Angle is less than a Right one, that is, it leaves less space between both sides, and is more sharpned. It contains less than 90 Degrees. But an Dbtuse [blunt or broad] Angle, is that which is greater than a Right one, and less sharp, and contains more than 90 Degrees. As in Figure 1 The meeting or joyning of the Lines B A and A C at A, makes two Right Angles. The Lines C A and B A at A makes an Acute Angle at C: and the Lines B C and B D meeting at B, makes an Obtuse Angle at B.

In Astrolology certain Houses of a Celestial Scheme are called Angles, viz. The Horoscope, or first House, the Angle of the East; the 10th House, the Angle of the South; the 7th House, Angle of the West; and the 4th House, the Angle of the North. See Fig. 2.

is an Angle made by a line that falls a-slope upon another line; as in Fig. 1. The line C A falling so upon the line BA, makes at CAB an Angle of Incidence with the line B A.

is an Angle made by a straight line, which proceeds from the Angle of Incidence, as the line AI is an Angle of Reflection to the line AC. And note, that both these terms, Angle of Incidence, and Angle of Reflection, are chiefly used in Dialling, and sometimes in Astronomy, for calculating Eclipses of the Luminaries. Now in Dialling, the Angle of Incidence is made by the straight line that pro •• eds from the Sun to the Dial-plane. And the Angle of Reflection is made by the straight line that proceeds from the Angle of Incidence, making on the other side a perpendicular Angle equal to the Angle made by a perpendicular, and the line of Incidence, as is best demonstrated in Ceiling Dials; for the Glass receiving the beam of the Sun, reflects it upon the Ceiling with the same Angle it receives its beam from the Sun; so that the Angle of Reflection is equal to the Angle of Incidence.

is the Angle made by the Intersection of an Arch of a Meridian Line, with an Arch of an Azimuth, or any other great Circle cutting through the body of the Sun.

See Parallax.

commonly called the Animodar of Ptolemy, because he invented it; is one of the ways of Rectifying Nativities, or artificially to find out the exact minute ascending at Birth; which is thus: Consider the degree of the Sign wherein the last New Moon was before the Birth; or if it were a Full Moon, the degree of that Sign either of the Luminaries that was above the earth, was in, and see which Planet hath most Essential Dignities in that degree: And if the degree it be in, is nearer to the Cusp of the Ascendant, than to the Cusp of the mid-Heaven, place so many degrees Ascending as the Planet that so ruled the degree wherein the last New or Full Moon was, is in the Sign; but if its degrees be nearer the mid-Heaven than the Ascendant, make the degrees of the mid-Heaven the same its are, and so vary your former Figure according to either of those Angles. But neither this way, nor that other called the Trutine of Hermes, is so much to be approved as the method of Rectifying by Accidents; but are chiefly used in Childrens Nativities, calculated before Accidents have happen'd.

See Artick.

By Geometricians is termed the Quantity in all Proportion that refers it self to another: As that to which another refers it self, is termed the Consequent of the Reason. Thus, in the Reason of a line of six Feet, to a line of three Feet; the line of six is the Antecedent, and the line of three, the Consequent of the Reason.

The Complement of the Logarithme of any Sine, Tangent, or Secant to 90 degrees.

From the Gr. Anti, against; and pous, podos, a foot: People going with their feet right against ours; or the Inhabitants of one part of the Earth diametrically opposite to another. St. Austin de Civitat. Dei, L. 16. C. 9. derides the notion; and others of the Fathers denied that there could be any such thing: but now, not only in reason from the sphaerical form of the Earth, but also from experience, we are satisfied of the truth of the opinion.

From the Gr. Anti, against; and scia, a shadow, are places of the Zodiack of the same vertue: As the Antiscion Signs are those which, with reference to each other, are equally distant from the first degree of the two Tropical Signs ♋ and ♑. As for example, The Sun in the 10th degree of Taurus, is as far distant from the first degree of ♋, as when he is in the 20th degree of ♌. And therefore he is said to cast his Antiscion to the 20th of ♌; that is, he giveth vertue or influence to any Star or Planet that at that time either is in the same degree, or casteth any Aspect into it.

Gr. From Anti, against; and oicos, an house or dwelling: [People dwelling just contrary;] Those are called so by Geographers, that dwell in equal or opposite Parallels, having the same Latitude and Elevation of the Pole, but not of the same Pole, but the other on the contrary side of the Equator; so that as much as the North-Pole is Elevated to one, so much is the South to the other: As the Antoeci of London are those that dwell in 51½ South, having like Ascensions, but in opposite Signs, like length of days, and temperature of Climate, but not in the same, but quite contrary months.

Lat. [An opening of the Gates.] 'Tis used by Astrologers to signify some great and evident change of Air, upon certain meetings or configurations of the Planets, whence such Positions or Aspects are called Apertiones Portarum; and those so accounted, are the Conjunctions, Squares, or Oppositions of Planets: whose houses are opposite: As Saturn and the Sun; (Leo the house of the latter being opposite to ♒ the house of the former.) Saturn and the Moon, Jupiter and Mercury, Mars and Venus, (for the like reason.) And so much greater will the mutation be, if the Moon separate from one, and applying to the other, convey and reinforce their vertue.

From the Greek Apo, from mécos, a distance, and metria, a measuring; is an Art teaching the Practiser how to measure things at a distance, viz. how far they are off from him.

The apparent or visible place of any Star or Planet, is that place of Heaven which it seems to be in by the straight line that proceeds to it from the eye. See Parallax.

From the Lat. Aperio, to open. The Glass at the further end of a Tube; it hath sometimes part of its circumference covered with a Pastboard, having a round hole in it, that the Object, if it be small, may be the better beheld in the centre of the Glass; and then so much of the Glass as is seen through that hole, is called the Aperture, as well as the whole circumference.

[L. The top, or highest Point.] There are the pictures of Stars placed on the Reets of the Mathematical Jewel, and upon some Astrolabes, and one of the points of the Stars i • always longer than the rest. This point is called the Apex, and is indeed the place of the Star; the whole figure of the Star being made only to guide you thereunto.

A Greek word, from Apo, from, and Helios, the Sun; is that point in which the Earth, or any Star, is furthest distant from the Sun; as Perihelion is when 'tis nearest the Sun.

Gr. otherwise called Hylech, [The Giver of Life.] In the Figure of ones Nativity, Ptolemy reckons up only four Significators that can be so accounted, viz. The Light of the Time; (that is, the Sun by day, the Moon, if born in the night.) The Planet that has most dignities in the places of the Luminaries, the part of Fortune, and the Ascendent.

Gr. A general rule, or short notable observation experienc'd for a truth in Art.

[Setled, or free from wandring. A Greek word, from Alpha, which in composition, is of privative signification, and planesi, wandring.] Fixed Stars, in contradistinction to Planets, are so called, but most-times the Sphere it self wherein they are placed.

is a term in Astrology, used when two Planets within the quantity of their Orbs are drawing near together either by Conjunction, or Aspects: Note, that the Superior Planets are not said to apply to the Inferiors, (unless they be Retrograde,) but ever the lighter to the more ponderous. As if ♄ be in 10 degr. of Taurus, and ♂ in the 7th d. of the same Sign, here ♂ applies to a ♂ with ♄. If Mars had been in 7 d. of ♋, he had applied to a ⚹ of ♄, and so of the rest. An Application may happen three ways; as when both Planets being Direct, the swifter overtakes the slower; or when both are Retrograde, and the lighter does not come Direct, till he comes up to the body or Aspect of the heavier; or when one is Direct in fewer, the other Retrograde in more degrees of a Sign. The first brings on business fairly and kindly, the other two either suddenly perfect it, or after many hopes and crosses utterly destroy it.

[A thing abruptly cut off; from the Greek Apotemno, to cut off.] A term in Geometry: As if from a Rational Line ACD be cut off a Rational Line AC commensurable in power only to the whole; the remainder BC is irrational, and may be called an Apotome, or a Residual. See Euclid. Elem. 10. Prop. 74. for the demonstration, and Elem. 10. Third definition.

From the Gr. Apo, from, and gé, or gaia, the Earth. The highest part of the Planets Eccentrick, or Epicycle, or the point where they are furthest off the Earth, and more elevated, and strong. As the Sun is in his Apogaeon about the 6th deg. of Cancer, being then 4588960 miles from the earth; whereas in Perigaeon, when he is in Capricorn, he is not above 4272480; so that the whole quantity of his Elongation, or the space between one and t'other is in a direct line 316480 miles. And note, the Apogaea, and Perigaea of the Planets are not fixt always in the same place, but varied in Time; being observed, according to the order of the Signs, to be moved with a daily (but exceeding) slow and almost insensible Progression. All which causes irregularity in the Planets motions, being slower in their Apogaeons, and swifter in their Perigaeons. See Abfis.

The Moon is called so by Greek Authors, when she separates from one Planet, and applies to no other. See Uoid of Course.

A Water-bearer, from the Lat. Aqua, water. The Eleventh Sign of the Zodiack, thus character'd ♒; 'tis one of the Houses of Saturn, of the Aiery Triplicity, &c.

(By some written Arke, and derived from the Lat. Arcus, a Bow.) Is a part of a Circle intercepted from one point to another, by which Geometrically, and by way of Proportion, we gather the quantity of the whole Circle, or some other thing sought after. As in Fig. 1, BL is an Arch, so is LI, and LF, or any part of a Circle less than a whole Circle.

A quantity of the Equator intercepted between two points in Heaven, whereof one is the place of the Significator, the other of the Promissor; and which one of them, in a certain space of time, must run over, until he is devolved to the other.

is a Mathematical Science, which teaches the Art of Building, or a skill obtain'd by precepts of Geometry, &c. teaching the right way of designing all sorts of Structures; and is threefold, Edification, or the Art of Building of Houses: Gnomonica, or Dialling; and Machinatio, the mystery of Machines, or Engines. See Vitr. L. 2. C. 3.

Gr. [The Bear.] A Constellation in the North part of Heaven, whence the North-Pole being near thereunto, is called the Pole-Arctick; and the Circle described 23½ degr. from the same Pole, The Arctick Circle, as the opposite or South-Pole of the World, and Circle thereunto, are termed the Antarctick Pole and Circle. But note, There are two Arctick and Antarctick Poles, and two Arctick and Antarctick Circles, viz. Those of the Poles of the World, and those of the Poles of the Ecliptick.

Lat. [An open space, or yard, but] in Geometry, the plain superficies comprehended between the sides of any Figure, plain or circular.

The Arch by which we seek another Arch, (or part of a Circle) is called by Mathematicians, the Argument, in resemblance of Argumentation in Logick; for as a Logical Argument leads us to the knowledg of something before unknown, so this Arch notifies to us another Arch unknown, proportional.

is her distance from the Dragons-Head, or Tail, viz. where the Orbit of the Moon in two points diametrically opposite, is interfected by the Ecliptick, whereby we find out the quantity of the real obscuration in Eclipses, or how many digits are darkened.

is an Arch of the Orbit intercepted between the Node ascending, and the place of a Planet from the Sun, being numbred according to the succession of the Signs. See Harmon. Coelest. Book 2. Cap. 14.

Lat. [The Ram.] One of the Celestial Signs, and first in order in the Zodiack, of the fiery Triplicity; the House of Mars, and Exaltation of the Sun, who coming to enter the first degree thereof, makes the days begin to exceed the nights, which is called the Vernal Equinox, or Revolution of the World.

From the Greek word Arithmos, numbers. The Art of Numbring, one of the principal Disciplines of the Mathematicks, and which necessarily precedes the rest, being conversant about Discrete Quantity, that is, Numbers, and thereby distinguish'd from Geometry, which considers Continued Quantity; yet are they not so opposed, but that they joyn hands, and help each other; Geometry carrying the same proportion to Arithmetick, as a point to an unite, a line to a Simple number, and a Body to a Number compounded; and in most of their operations they mutually borrow terms and assistances from one another.

From the Lat. Armilla, a bracelet, or round ornament for the Arm. An hollow Sphere made up only of the Circles, and not representing the solid body of the Celestial Globe, or places of the fixed Stars.

From Sun-rising to Sunsetting.

From Sun-set to Sun-rising.

See Logarithmetical Numbers, Secants, Sines, Tangents.

From Ascendo, to arise. That part of Heaven which ascends, or is coming up above the Horizon in the East; called also, the Horoscope, the Angle of the East, and the First House in a Celestial Figure, which signifies the beginings of things, the life corporate, and manners of a Native, &c. But by some Authors, all that quarter of Heaven, spreading from the fourth House, by the way of the East to the mid-Heaven, is called the Ascendant, because the Planets therein, and parts of the Primum Mobile, are always rising; and on the opposite part, from the Meridian to the 4th House by the West, they are always descending. See Fig. 2.

are parts of the Equator, which do co-ascend, [rise] or set with such a Sign or part of the Zodiack, or any Planet hapning to be therein. And these Ascensions and Descensions are either Right or Oblique. Right Ascensions are parts of the Equator, which ascend by a Right Line, comprehending all those parts of Heaven which are contained under a Right Line drawn by the Poles of the World, and the opposite parts of the Equator; and always happen in a Right or Direct Sphere. But in an Oblique Sphere, only in the Right Circle or Meridian. Oblique Ascensions and Descensions are parts of the Equator, which rise or set obliquely in an Oblique Sphere, that is, where one of the Poles is elevated, and the other depressed; and the more oblique the Sphere is, the more oblique will the Ascension of the Equator be, and consequently less of it ascend with Northern Signs, and more with Southern: and, on the contrary, the greater Arch will descend with Northern Signs than with Southern. And this Arch of the difference intercepted between the Right and Oblique Ascension, is called the Ascensional difference. See Sphere.

[which is only the number of degrees remaining after substraction of the Oblique from the Right Ascension:] For having the Elevation of the Pole of your place, and the Declination of the Star, presently the Ascensional difference appears, which according as the Declination is Northern or Southern, is to be added or substracted from the Right Ascension of the same Star; which being done, gives the Oblique Ascension or Descension at the said Elevation of the Pole, by which means Directions are perfected.

From the Lat. Aspicio, to behold: is a correspondence or familiarity of two Planets mutually beholding each other with some Ray harmonically consider'd; or when they are posited at such a certain distance in the Zodiack wherein they mutually help or afflict one another; or have their vertues encreased or depraved: For by good Aspect they assist, but in evil they are said to hurt each other. Of these Aspects properly there are but 4., viz. Sextile, Quartile, Trine, and Opposition; to which is added a Conjunction, though improperly called an Aspect. Kepler defines an Aspect thus; that it is an Angle formed on the earth, by the luminous Rays of two Planets, efficacious to the stirring up of Nature; for when two Planets are joyned with, or beheld of each other, they seminate something in sublunary Bodies according to their own nature. See the Appendix.

[From Astrum, a Star.] A Constellation; or parcel of fixed Stars put together, so as to represent the figure of some particular thing, and thence all called by a common name; as the Bear, the Harp, the Lion, &c. are Constellations.

A Mathematical Instrument to observe the Sun or Stars with; otherwise called a Planisphere, because it represents in Plano, almost the whole Celestial Doctrine, as the Motions, Distances, Ascensions, Descensions, Declinations, &c. of the Stars.

From the Greek Aster, a Star; and Logos, the speech or reason; and therefore signifies in English, the speech or language of the Stars. It is a Science that teaches a conjectural knowledg, obtained from the observation and position of the Stars; of the success of things depending on Celestial Influences; to predict the grand mutations of nature, and natural fortune of man, woman, or child.

[The Law of the Stars; Gr. From Aster a Star; and Nomos, a Law, or Rule.] A Science that teacheth us the affections and motions of the Planets and Celestial Bodies for any time past, present, or to come.

is when the Moon is in the same degree and minute with the Sun, or when she is 12 degrees, or 45. 90. 150. 168. 180. 192. 215. 270. or 34.8 degrees from him.

[The Sphere of Vapours: Gr. From Atmos, a vapour; and Sphoera, a sphere.] That part of the Air which is nearest to the Earth, as far as the Terrestrial vapours ascend; for the Earth and all the Planets are enclosed in their several Atmospheres; so much of the Circumambient Air as is within the Sphere of their respective Activity, being called the Atmosphere of the Earth, or of such a Planet.

The six last Signs of the Zodiack, viz. ♎, ♏, ♐, ♑, ♒, and ♓, are so called, because they are on the South-side of the Equinoctial.

[Gr. Self-movers.] Mechanical Instruments or Engines, that going by a Screw, Spring, or Weight, &c. seem to move of themselves; as a Clock, a Jack, &c.

Harvest, or Fall of the Leaf; one of the four Quarters of the Year, begining when the Sun enters ♎. Called so from the Latin Verb Augeo, which signifies, to Encrease, because then the Fruits of the Earth are encreased to full maturity, and the Husbandman's Gains augmented thereby.

or Auge. See Apogaeon, which signifies the same.

Gr. A Common Sentence, Principle, or Ground of any Art, generally taken for granted.

Lat. An Imaginary Line which passing from one Pole of the World through the Centre of the Earth, is terminated in the other Pole, about which we conceive the whole Machine or frame of the World to be turned.

Gr. [Lame, or Weak.] Certain degrees in the Zodiack are called so by Astrologers; because Persons born when any of them Ascend, are generally lame, blind, or have some other incurable Imperfection.

is an Arabick word, signifying the Arch of a great Circle of Heaven, imagined to pass from the Zenith to the Nadir, cutting the Horizon at Right Angles.

are Islands in the North Latitude of 40 degrees, said by some to be scituated at the true Western Meridian, whence they would Compute the Longitude of all places from thence, rather than the Fortunate Islands.

[The Greek, Kacos, and Daimon, the Evil Genius.] Astrologers call the 12th. House so, because of its direful significations, as secret Enemies, Imprisonments, &c.

[Falling, or Weak, and Abject; from the Lat. Cado, to fall:] are Houses next from the Angles of an Astrological Figure, as the Third, the Sixth, the Ninth, and the Twelfth. Also a Planet is said to be Cadent, or in his Fall, when he is in a Sign opposite to that of its Exaltation.

The Ancient Romans divided their Months into Calends, Nones, and Ides; which way is still used by many writing in Latin. To understand it, observe 1st, That the Calends were the first day of the Month; the next were the Nones, being 6, in March, May, July, and October, and fell on the 7th day of these Months, but in all other Months were but 4, and hapned on the 5th day. The Ides were last, eight in every Month, being on the 15th of the four before-mentioned Months, but on the 13th of all the rest.

2ly. Note, that they reckon'd all these backwards, as Calendis Maii, is the first of May; but pridie Calend. Maii, the day before the Calends of May, is the 30th of April; III Calend. May, April 29, and so downwards to XVIII Cal. Maii, which is 14 April. Then began the Ides, as Idibus Aprilis the 13th of April; Pridie Id. Apr. the 12th April, III Id. the 11th of April, and so on to VIII. Id. Apr. which is April the 6th. Then were the Nones, as Nonis Aprilis, April the 15th. Pridie Nonarum, April the 4th. III. Non. Apr. the third of April. IV. Non. Apr. the second, and their Cal. Apr. the first of April. Thus to go on with May, the second of May is VIto Nonarum, (because we told you that was one of the Months that had 6 of them.) The 3d day is V. Non. The 7th day, Nonis Maii: The 8th day, VIII of the Ides of May; The 15th the Ides of May; but the 16th shall be the 17th of the Calends of June; The 17th of May XVI. Calend. Junii, and so on. All which the Ancients, for the help of memory, expressed in these five Verses.

Which I thus English.

I have been the larger upon this, because most Authors that have gone about to explain it, have left it in as perplexed an obscurity as they found it, especially to one unacquainted with the Roman Usages. From these Calends comes our common word Calendar.

is an Agreement of the great Lunar year with the Nineteen-year Circle of the Sun, found out by one Callippus, and therefore so called. It contains 76 years; in which time the Lunations, or Changes of the Moon, return to the same day of the Month, and hour as before.

[Lat. the Crab.] A Sign of the Zodiack, thus character'd, ♋; 'tis the House of ☽, and the Exaltation of Jupiter; and is so called, as well because there are in it 3 Stars on each Side, which represent a Crabb's Claws, as because the Sun, when he comes into this Sign hastens to the Equator, going backwards from us like a Crab.

[Gr. A Rule.] The Tables of Artificial Sines, Tangents, and Secants, are so called.

signifies in Architecture the Ornament that is made on the top of a Column, from Capitalis in Latin, of or belonging to the Head.

[Lat. A Chariot,] or Throne of a Planet, is when he is Posited in a place where he has most Dignities, as Aquary of Saturn, because he has there both House and Triplicity; Sagittary of Jupiter for the same reason, &c.

[Lat. the Goat,] one of the Signs of the Zodiack, the 10th in order, thus character'd ♑. Earthly, dry, and cold; the House of Saturn, and Exaltation of Mars.

[From the Lat. Charta, a Paper.] A Draught of Sea-Coasts, Sands, Rocks, &c. 'Tis also sometimes taken for the round Pastbord whereon the 32 Points are described in the Nautical Compass.

Lat. signifies properly the Hinges of a Door, but is used for the chief or most material parts on which the rest do in some sort depend; As

The Angles, or 1st, 4th, 7th, and 10th Houses.

The Signs, ♈, ♋, ♎, and ♑.

is a term in Navigation, which signifies to prick down on a Chart the Point of the Compass any Land bears from you; or to find by Art what Point your Ship bears at any instant, or what way the Ship has made.

From Catabibazo, a Greek word, signifying to descend, or go down against. The Dragons-Tail; sometimes so called, because it goes exactly against the Dragons-Head.

A Greek word for a Perpendicular. See Perpendicular.

A branch of the Opticks, or an Art that teaches to Project a Confused Figure, seemingly without a design; yet when it is reflected on a proper Polish'd Body, it shall shew the design. From the Greek words Cata, against; and Opto, to see; because it chiefly treats of Reflexions.

An Arabick word, signifying the Centre of the Sun: so a Planet is said to be in Cazimi, when it is not above 17 minutes distant from the Centre of the Sun, as Saturn in 3 degr. 21 minutes of Taurus and Sol in 3 degr. 31 min. of ♉. Here Saturn is in Cazimi, which is reckoned a great Fortitude to any Planet; but how it should be so, when Combustion is so grand a Debility, let Astrologers consider.

A Book containing one hundred Astrological Aphorisms commonly ascribed to Ptolemy, as its Author, but by some to Hermes Trismegistus: So called from the Lat. Centum, an hundred; and Loquor, to speak: as much as to say, the hundred notable Speeches.

A Point in the middle of a Sphere, or Circle; from which all lines drawn to the Superficies or Circumference are equal. 'Tis also used in Perspective for the Visual Point. The word is Greek, Centron.

is a streight Line subtended under an Arch, dividing a Circle into unequal parts, by which it differs from a Diameter: for that passing by the Centre divides a Circle into two equal parts. Thus the Lines EL, HO, in Fig 1. are called Chords.

From the Greek Choros, a place or tract of Ground; Grapho, towrite, describe, or treat of: Called also Topography, is a part of Geography, which delivers the description of particular Provinces or Kingdoms onely.

From the Greek Chronos, Time; and Crator, a Ruler; being as much as to say in English, Lord of the time. Some take it for the Sun in the day, and the Moon by night. Others divide the life of Man into seven parts, and ascribe the Government of each to a particular Planet; as from the birth to four years old to the Moon, from thence to 14 years old, to Mercury, thence to 22, to Venus, &c. And these they call Chronocrators.

Is a plain Figure, contained in one Line onely; in the midst whereof there is a Point, from whence all Lines drawn to the Circumference are equal. As in Fig. 1. the Circle is marked CLOBDIFHE, and is described upon the Centre A; from whence all straight Lines drawn to the Circumference are equal.

See Almicanthars.

is a great Circle about the Sun; in the Sphere of the Fixed Stars, falling right upon the Ecliptick.

Arc Circles passing by the common Interfections of the Horizon and Meridian, and through any Degree in Heaven, or the Centre of any Star, or other Point in Heaven, used for the finding out how such a Star is situated, in respect of the World. The twelve Astrological Houses are likewise distinguish'd by Semi-circles of Position.

From the Lat. Circum, about, and Fero, to bear, or encompass; in Greek Peripherie: They both signifie no more, but the outtermost Circular Line, which embraces the whole Area (or Contents) of any Figure. Sometimes the words are used for the whole Superficies of the Earth, or for the Convex and outward part of any Celestial Sphere.

Has the same Etimology with the last word; but is also the name of an Instrument used for Surveying of Land: So called, I conceive, because 'tis fit and easie to be carried about with one. See Rathbourn's Survey, B. 3. Chap. 4.

contain just 24 hours a-piece, reckon'd from 12 a clock at Noon, or Night (according to the custom of the place) on one day, to the same time the next day. In which space of time, the Equinoctial makes one Diurnal Revolution on the Poles of the World. See Tutor to Astronomy, Book 2. Probl. 51.

(So called in contra-distinction to the Natural,) is the Legal Year, used in conversation between man and man, for Bargains, Contracts, &c. which with us begins not till the 25th. of March; it always contains onely 365 civil days, except in the Leap-year, and then it has 366 days.

From the Greek word Clima, of the same signification; is a portion of the Earth or Heaven contained between two Parallels. And for distinction of Places, and different temperature of the Air, according to their situation; the whole Globe of Earth is divided into 24 Northern, and 24 Southern Climates, according to the half-hourly encreasing of the longest days; for under the Equator we call the first Climate: from thence as far as the Latitude extends, under which the longest day is half an hour more than under the Equator, viz. 12 hours and an half, is the second Climate: where it is encreased a whole hour, the third Climate: and so each Northerly and Southerly Climate respectively hath its longest day half an hour longer than the former Climate, till in the last Climate North and South, the Sun Sets not for half a year together, but moves Circularly above the Horizon.

So called from the Greek word Climax, a Gradation, or Rounds of a Ladder, because they are the great Steps, or remarkable Degrees whereby Man's life ascends, or mounts up to its appointed Period, are certain observable years which are usually attended with some grand mutation of Life or Fortune. As the 7th year, the 21th, made up of three times seven; the 49th, made up of 7 times seven; the 63 d, being 9 times seven; and the eighty first, which is 9 times nine; which two last are often called the Grand Climactericks. In which many famous men have been observed to die. Not only the Learned Heathen; as Plato, Cicero, Macrobius, &c. have written much of these Climacterical years; but several Fathers, and Doctors of the Church, as St. Ambrose, Austin, Bede, &c. have justified the Observation to be neither Superstitious, nor unprofitable.

An Astrological phrase, when two principal Significators do not behold each other, but both cast their several Aspects to a third Planet more weighty than themselves, whom they both receive in some of their Essential Dignities; then is such Planet said to Collect, or gather together their Lights, which signifies in Art thus, that a person somewhat interessed in both Parties, and described and signified by that Planet, shall by his Interposure effect and accomplish the business, which otherwise could not be perfected.

An upright round Pillar, made according to the Rules of Architecture; the Body of it is called in Lat. Scapus, in English the Shaft or Shank; the Ornament on the Top, Epistylium, or Capitellum; in English, the Capital, or Chapiter; that which it stands on, Basis, or Pedestal.

So called either from the Greek Verb Coláo, which signifies to joyn, or glew together, because the other moveable Circles of the Sphere are (as it were) Conglutinated or united by these; or from the Greek words Colobon, a piece or part divided from the whole; and Oura, a Tail; because in the Conversion of the World, these Circles in most places of the Earth, are never seen whole, but only some parts of them, like mutilated Tails: Whatever be the Original of the name, they are two great Circles imagined in the Heavens, passing by the Poles of the World, and mutually cutting each other at Right Angles, the one passing from Pole to Pole through the begining of Aries and Libra, is thence called the Equinoctial Colure; The other through the begining of ♋ and ♑, which occasions it to be term'd the Solstitial Colure. Their use is, to divide the Equator, Zodiack, and all the Heaven into 4 equal parts, and shew the 4 principal Points of the Zodiack, to which, when the Sun comes, he distinguishes each quarter of the year.

[Burnt, or scorched; a Participle of the Latin Verb Comburo, to burn.] When a Planet is not above 8 degr. and 30 minutes distant from the Sun either before or after him; he is said to be Combust, or in Combustion, as ♃ in 10 degr. of ♈, the Sun in 18 of ♈; here ♃ is Combust, which is always a great Debility; and in Judgment shews, that the party by such a Planet signified, is in great fear, and much over-powred by some great person. And note, Combustion is much the worse, when the Sun hastens to ♂ with the Planet, than when he recedes from him; in regard its the Body of the ☉ that doth afflict.

By reason of several violent and malefique Fixed Stars in the second half of Libra, and throughout the whole Sign Scorpio. All that space is called Via Combusta, the Combust way, being about 45 degrees in Longitude, which is counted unfortunate, and to weaken any Planet that happens to be therein, especially the Moon, who is there so much Debilitated, that it is reckoned next to an Eclipse.

Gr. A Comet, or Blazing-Star: so called from another Greek word Kome, hair; because most Comets seem to have hairs about them. There are several opinions, or rather offers concerning the Matter they consist of; but the most vulgar opinion is, that they are Earthy vapours, having gross parts strongly compacted, which being drawn up sometimes even above the Orb of the Moon, are there set on fire, and continue flaming for some time; and then, the matter being consumed, disappear. They are generally thought to be as Beacons fired, to foreshew the approach of Divine vengeance, in Sword, Plague, Famine, or some other lamentable Calamity.

These first six, ♈, ♉, ♊, ♋, ♌, and ♍, are accounted and called so by Astrologers.

[From the Lat. Con, or cum & mensura, that is to say, equal measures.] Right Lines are said to be Commensurable in Power, when their Squares are measured by one and the same space, or Superficies. See Euclid. Elem. 10. Definit. 3.

are such as are measured by one and the same Common measure; as A and B by C; for C reapeated 6 times, measures A; and repeated 3 times, B: Therefore A and B are said to be Commensurable. See Eucl. Elem. 10. Def. 1, 2, &c.

A|---|---|---|---|---|---|

B|---|---|---|

C|---|

are ♊, ♍, ♐, and ♓. So called, because they are characteriz'd in a double form; and for that, being respectively at the end of each Quarter of the year, they partake of more or less of both Quarters; as the Sun in Pisces not only ends the Winter, but begins the Spring. Under these Signs are born, as Astrologers say, Twins, Hermaphrodites, Monsters, &c.

An Instrument Sea-men use to Steer the Ship by, much more easy to be understood by a sight, than the best description.

[Lat. From Compleo, properly a filling up, or making good: And therefore in Arithmetick it signifies that Number that makes a lesser Number equal to a greater Number. As 45 is the Complement of 45 to 90; so in Geometry 'tis used in the Mensuration of Figures and Bodies: as if a Figure or Body contain 7 foot, and 4 foot be measured out of it, here 3 is the Complement. But by the Complement of an Arch, is usually understood so much as the Arch wants of 90 degrees to make it a Quadrant, or so much as it wants of 180 degrees to make it a Semicircle, or so many degrees as it wants of 360 degrees, to make it a whole Circle.

A Way or Order in Architecture Compounded out of the other 4 Orders, Tuscan, Dorick, Jonick, and Corinthian. 'Tis used therefore to distinguish the size and shape of Columns. See Vignola's Compleat Architect, pag. 64. And when Authors say, The Composite Capital, or Composite Base, they only mean the Capital or Base that belongs to a Column of the Composite Order. So called, because it partakes, and is composed of the rest, as aforesaid.

See Absolute Equation.

is that which some Number may measure besides Unity; as 15, which is measured by 5 and 3.

is when the Antecedent with the Consequent are taken together, as one to be compared to the same Consequent, called Composition of Reason, because of the Antecedent and Consequent, there is compounded another new Antecedent. See Euclid. 5th Elem. Def. 14.

Lat. Hollow, or Bowing: As the face of Heaven appears to us; or the in-side of a Tube, or the like. The contrary side of which bulging out, is called Convex.

Having the same Centre; as all Circles that are drawn from one Centre, though never so great or little; whence Astronomers call those Celestial Orbs, Concentrick, whose Centre is the same with the Centre of the World; as they term those Eccentrick, (of a different Centre) which, though they encompass the Earth, yet they have another Centre, and not that of the World.

[From the Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , properly a Pine-Apple;] and from thence it is used by Geometricians to signify a like Figure, viz. A Body with a round flat Base, upon which every side of it is placed, so as it ends at the top, in a Point hanging directly over the Centre of the Base.

A company of Stars called by one name. See Asterism; From the Latin Cum, with, and Stella, a Star; as much as to say, many Stars one with another. As Aries is a Constellation; the Great Bear is a Constellation; the Little Bear is a Constellation, Bootes, Auriga, Canis Major, &c. are Constellations.

is a streight Line whereon is set the distances of the hour-Lines in the making Sun-Dials; from the Lat. Contingo, to happen upon, or touch: it is indeed a Tangent Line.

Gr. The degree and minute in the Ecliptick, opposite to the Antiscion. Which see.

Lat. The out-side of a Ball, Globe, or any round Body. See Concave, that being the internal, this the external side or prospect of the same thing.

is a deduction of a Significator to the place of the Promittors, made by the motion of the Primum Mobile, contrary to the succession of the Signs.

One of the 5 Orders in Architecture, whereby to distinguish the size and shapes of Columns; and the Bases, Capitals, &c. thereunto properly belonging. See Vignola's Architect, pag. 52. because invented, or chiefly used at the City of Corinth.

An Addition beyond what was proposed. The Illustrations following Geometrical Problems, are oft-times called so in Mathematical Authors.

The Complement of Sines, Secants, or Tangents, to 90 degr. or so many degr. as they want thereof respectively. See Secants, Sines, and Tangents.

The old word for Algebra.

Stars are said to Rise Cosmically, when they Rise with the Sun; and to Set Cosmically, when they Set when the Sun Rises.

An Artificial description of the whole World, Earth and Heavens, and the several parts thereof; but 'tis sometimes used only for Geography, or a description only of the Globe of the Earth.

A Sea-term signifying the Point of the Compass which the Ship Sails upon. As if you Sail Eastward, 'tis an Easterly Course, &c.

These terms are chiefly used by Physitians; but since they cannot be found out but by Astronomy, we shall here briefly explain them. Crisis is used for a sudden change of a Disease into better or worse, Life or Death; and because by experience it hath been found that such changes happen for the most part regularly at such and such times; Hence they call those days Critical days, which are commonly believed to be every 7th day, by reason of I know not what kind of vertue in that number: but the truth is, the reason of those Conflicts between Nature and the Disease, is the Moons coming to the Quadratures, Opposition, or Radical place, where she was at the beginning of the sickness; and one of these generally happens about the 7th day; but as the Moon is swifter, or slower in motion, it often comes sooner or later. Therefore the discreet Physitian ought to consult Ephemerides, without which they cannot give any true or rational Account of their observing these Critical days: For the better doing it, they should Erect a Scheme with 16 Houses; the form whereof you have in Mr. Culpeper's Semiotica Uranica.

See Acronical.

An Instrument Sea-men use to observe the Height of the Sun or Stars with.

A Solid Body containing equal and square Sides; as a Dye.

The sixth Power in Numbers.

The third Power in Numbers.

The Root or Side of the third Power: So if 27 be the Cube, 3 is the Side or Root.

The Biquadrat, or 4th Power. Thus 2 is the Side, 4 the Square, 8 the Cube of 2, 16 the Biquadrate, 32 the 5th Power, and 64 the 6th Power, or Cubed Cube.

The highest Point in Heaven that any Star or Planet can rise to in any Latitude. 'Tis taken by Astrologers for the 10th House; and when a Star comes to the Meridian of any place, 'tis said to Culminate, or be Cuiminant.

Lat. A Body in form of a Wedg, and sometimes a Ruler or Label fitted to a Projection of the Sphere in Plano.

Crooked, or a Body Hollowed; whence Figures consisting of Triangles, Quadrangles, &c. when they are considered as, or referred to Circles in the Heaven, are called Curvilineary, because they all consist of Arches of Circles.

The beginning or first Point of each of the 12 Astrological Houses is so called.

Is the Revolution of 19 years, which being expired, all the Lunations return to their former place in the Calendar.

Is a Revolution of 28 years, for finding out the Dominical Letters, which then return all in the same order as before.

[Gr. properly a Rowler, such as is used in Gardens] whence in Geometry 'tis used for any Solid Body of that shape, viz. whose Base and Top are Flat, the Circumference of its Bases Round and Equal, and its Shank Long and Streight.

a Character used in Arithmetick, in form somewhat like the Letter o, which alone or before (that is, towards the left hand of) any Numerical Figure, signifies nothing; but after another Figure, (that is, towards the right hand) increases that Figure ten times; if two Cyphers be placed after a Figure, they increase it an hundred times; if three, a thousand times: as 10, 100, 1000, &c.

Signs whose Nature and Influence participate of Earthy qualities, viz. Coldness and Dryness; which are Taurus, Virgo, and Capricorn.

A Greek word, from Ec, the Praeposition, and signifying, out of; and Centron, a Centre.] Not having the same Centre with the World, or with an assigned Circle, of which kind several Orbs were Invented by Ancient Astronomers, to solve the Appearances of the Celestial Bodies. Thus the Eccentrick Orb of any Planet, is that the Concave and Convex of whose Deferent have each of them a different Centre from that of the Universe: But because these Eccentrick Orbs are carried with a rapid motion about the Earth, they thought it necessary there should be two other Orbs to include and carry about the former, which in one part, viz. their Concave or Convex should be Eccentrick, and in the other Concentrick, (that is, having the same Centre with the World.) So that each Planet was supposed to have three several Orbs, &c. But this confused Celestial Clockwork, the Copernican System has pretty well removed.

[a wanting or failing, from the Greek word Ecleipsis] A deprivation of the Light of one of the Luminaries, when by their Conjunction in the Orbit of the Sun, his Face, by the Interposition of the Moons Body, is hidden from our sight: Or when at their Opposition in the same Orbit, the Moon, by the Shadow of the intervening Earth, is obscured. But between an Eclipse of the Sun, and of the Moon, there are several differences. 1. In the Lunar Eclipse, she really loses her Light, and is obscured, by wanting the Illumination of the Sun; but in the Solar, he loses not his Light, but onely we are deprived of it. So that to speak properly, we should call it an Eclipse of the Earth, rather than of the Sun. 2. As the Moons Eclipse is Real, so 'tis Universal, and appears always in the same Quantity on every Superficies of the Earth, where 'tis visible; but the Suns Eclipse is not Universal, but varied greater, lesser, or not at all, according to the diversity of the several Climates. Lastly, the Moon always begins to be Eclipsed on the West side, the Sun on the East side their Bodies.

[so called from the Greek Verb Ecleipo, which signifies to fail, or want, because under this Line, the Sun and Moon is in the middle of the Zodiack, and always suffer their Eclipses, or fail of their Light.] A Line, or rather a great Circle in Heaven, equally distant from its Poles, as the Equator is from the Poles of the World. This is called Via Solis, the Sun's Way, or Orbit, because the Sun never goes out of it; and is termed the Ecliptick, because all Eclipses happen therein.

[from the Lat. Eligo, to choose.] Astrologers mean by this Term certain opportunities of Times, elected (or chosen) by Astrological Observations, as most fit for such a particular Business or Enterprise.

Lat. The first Roots or Principles of Things, as Fire, Air, Earth, and Water, whereof all Bodies are composed. So Letters are called the first Elements of Learning; and Euclid's Fifteen Books of Geometry are so called, because without being acquainted with the Principles therein laid down, no Mathematical work can be undertaken and demonstrated.

[from the Lat. Elevo, to lift up] A certain pre-eminence of one Planet above another; or, A concurrence of Two to a certain Act, wherein one being Stronger, is carried above the Weaker, and does alter and depress its Nature and Influence: But wherein this being Elevated consists, there are several Opinions; some say, when a Planet is nearest the Zenith, or Meridian: Others will have it onely that Planet that is highest, or nearest to the Apogoeum of his Eccentrick or Epicyle. And Argol admits of all these, and several other Advantages, and thence advises to collect the several Testimonies, and that Planet who has most, shall be said to be Elevated above the other.

The Heighth or Number of Degrees that the Pole, in any Latitude, is above the Horizon.

Gr. An Oval, or Geometrical Figure, in shape of an Egg, comprehended in one onely Line, but that not Circular, nor having all its parts equally respecting the Centre.

Lat. The removal of a Planet to the furthest distance it can be at from the Sun; commonly taken notice of in Venus and Mercury.

A Greek word, signifying the Interlacing, or putting in of a Day in the Leapyear, but used for the Excess of the Solar Year above the Lunar, whereby the Lunations happen every subsequent Year eleven days sooner than in that fore-going; which when they amount to 30 days, make a new Moneth, called the Embolismical Lunation; which must be added, to make the common Lunar Year equal to the Solar.

[from the Greek word Pyr, signifying Fire] The Heaven of Heavens, the Throne of God, Residence of Angels, and Eternal Mansions of Saints.

A Planets getting out from under the Suns Beams, and becoming visible.

[from the Gr. Ennea, Nine] Every 9th. day of a Sickness, or Year of one's Life, which is thought to bring some great alteration in the Disease, or Mutation of Fortune. See Critical and Climacterical.

[quasi Epiaucta, that is, an Augmentation, or Additional Supply] 'Tis used for a Number whereby we note the Excess of the common Solar Year above the Lunar, and thereby may find out the Age of the Moon every Year: For the Solar Year consisting of 365 Days, the Lunar but of 354, the Lunations every Year get 11 days before the Solar Year; but thereby in 19 Years, the Moon compleats twenty times twelve Lunations, or gets up one whole Solar Year; and having finished that Circuit, begins again with the Sun; and so from 19 Years to 19 Years: for the first Year afterwards, the Moon will go before the Sun but 11 days; the second year, 22 days, which is called the Epact of that Year; the third Year, 33 days; but 30 being an entire Lunation, cast that away, and counts that Years Epact onely 3; the next Years 14; and so on, adding yearly 11 days, and casting away 30, when the Number amounts to more.

[from the Greek Hemera, a Day] A Diary, or Day-book; but especially amongst Astronomers those Books which contain the daily Motions of the Planets, with their Aspects, and other Circumstances, for every day in the year, are called Ephemerides.

Gr. A little Circle, whose Centre is in the Circumference of a greater; or a small Orb, which being fix'd in the Different of a Planet, is carried along with its Motion, and yet with its own peculiar Motion carries the Body of the Planet fastned to it round about its proper Centre; which antient Astronomers attribute to all the Planets, for solving their Appearances, except the Sun.

[or rather Epoche. In Greek it signifies a Root or Begining] but 'tis generally taken for some remarkable Occurrence from whence, or manner whereby, some Nations Date and Measure their Computation of Time; as the Olympiads amongst the Greeks, the Indictions among the Romans, &c.

See Reason.

[From the Lat. Aequus, Equal; and Nox, the Night] A great Circle, equally dividing the Sphere into two parts, whereof one lies towards the North, the other towards the South Pole, this Circle lying in the middle, and equalling all parts: Whence by the Ancients 'tis called, Cingulum Mundi, the Girdle of the World; and also the Equinoctial, because those that live under it have always their Days and Nights both of a length, and so have we, and almost all the World, twice a year, when the Sun holds this Circle, entring the begining of Aries or Libra, which are called Equinoctial Points, or Signs, for that reason; and the Times, the Vernal, or Autumnal Equinox.

or draw a Scheme, Is onely to divide the 12 Houses aright, and put down the proper Sign, Degree, and Minute on each Cusp, and the Planets in their proper places; so that your Figure may truly represent the Positions of the Celestial Bodies at that moment of time for which it is intended. See Fig. 2.

[A Latin word, that properly signifies Wanderers] The Planets are usually called so, in contradistinction to the Fixed Stars, by reason of their having each a peculiar Motion, and divers respects to each other, which by such Motion they daily change; whereas the Stars of the several Constellations, though hurried daily round from East to West by the Primum Mobile, and back again by a most slow and imperceptible Motion of the Firmament; yet because themselves move not, but retain always the same place in the Firmament, and distance from each other, they are justly reputed, in respect of the others, Fix'd and Immovable: But these Erraticks, or Wanderers.

Certain real Advantages, whereby a Planet is fortified: as when he is in his House, or Exaltation. See Dignities, and a Table of them always in Mr. Lilly's Almanack.

[In Greek, Eu signifies Good, or Well; and Daemon a Spirit] The Good Genius or Spirit. The 11th. House of a Celestial Figure is so called, by reason of its good and prosperous Significations; as, store of Friends, Attainment of Hopes, &c.

Is that which may be divided into two parts; as 4, 10, 40, &c. are Even Numbers, forasmuch as each of them may be divided into two equal parts, whereof their halves are 2, 5, 20, &c.

Is that which an Even Number doth measure by an Even Number; as 32 is said to be a Number Evenly even, because 8, an Even Number, doth measure it by 4, which is likewise an Even Number.

Is that which an Even Number doth measure by an Odd Number; as 30, which 2 or 6, Even Numbers, do measure by 15 or 5, Odd Numbers.

[from the Gr. Gonia, an Angle, and Hex, six] A Figure consisting of six Angles, but in Astronomy a Sextile Aspect. Hence

Of or belonging to such a Figure or Ray. 'Tis sometimes written Hexagonum.

Lat. An Essential Dignity of a Planet, next in vertue to being in his proper House. Or a place where a Planets Influence is always observ'd to be very strong; which is, where a Planet of a contrary nature is very weak: As Sol, the Fountain of Light, in Aries, which is the Fall of Saturn, a Lover of Darkness; Jupiter, Author of Justice in Cancer, where Mars the Master of Misrule is in his Fall, so ☿ in Virgo the Fall of Venus; one signifying Science and Study, the other only Mirth and Pleasures, &c. Thus, Almansor an Ancient Astrologer in his Aphorisms to the King of the Saracens.

Lat. Vapours drawn up from the Earth or Sea into the Air, whereof are generated all kind of Meteors, as Rain, Hail, Snow, Thunder, Lightning, Comets, Falling Stars, &c.

Radix, or the Root, is the side of a Figure, or a Number which being multiplied in it self, makes the Powers of that Number. And the Extraction is but the unravelling of a Power (or Number proposed as a Power) to find the Root.

Hence the Extraction of the Square Root is the finding a Number, which being multiplied in it self, shall make a proposed Number.

And the Extraction of the Cube Root is the finding a Number, which being multiplied twice in it self, may equal a given Number.

Also the Extraction of a Biquadrat Root, is by the untwisting of a given Number to find another, which being multiplied in it self, and again that Product in it self, may make the first given Number, &c.

A Right Line is said to be divided according to Mean and Extreme Reason, when-as the whole is to the greatest Segment, as the greatest Segment is to the lesser. See the Demonstration in Eucl. Elem. 6. Def. 3.

Lat. A swelling Body, or bulging out, as the knobs on Galls are Extuberances.

[A Greek word, from Gala, Galactos, Milk.] See the Milky way.

A Latin word signifying Twins.] The third Sign in order of the Zodiack, the House of Mercury, Common, Airy, and Humane. And note this Constellation of ♊ like the rest, is gone back out of its place in the 8th Sphere since Ptolemy's time, and begins at 25 ♊, and is Extended to the 25 of Cancer.

The first a Greek, the second a Latin word, both signifying the Birth or Nativity of a man, but more used for the Figure of Heaven artificially erected for that moment of time when an Infant is brought into the World. Hence Genethliacal, of or belonging to such Geniture or Figure.

[From the Greek Gè, the Earth, and Centron, the Centre.] Any Planet or Orb that has the Earth for its Centre, or the same Centre with the Earth.

Gr. The Art of Measuring Land, or Surveying.

[From the Greek Gè, the Earth, and Grapho, to write, or describe.] A description of the habitable World, or a general Survey of the whole Terrestrial Globe, containing the Scituation of all Countreys and Continents, distance of Places each from other, &c.

[A Greek word, from Gè, the Earth, and Metron, measure;] signifying no more, in a strict sense, but Measuring of the Earth; and therefore was anciently used for the two words last explained; but now it has been long appropriated to the most noble of all the Mathematical Sciences. The Consideration of Continued Quantity, or Sensible Magnitudes, whose parts, though never so vast or remote, by its Demonstrations are understood and exactly measur'd; so that indeed it has the whole Universe for its Object. And therefore the profound Dr. Dee would rather have it called Megethologia, (from the Gr. Megethos, Magnitude, and Logos, Speech or Reason) that is, the consideration of Bulk, or all kinds of Magnitudes, rather than that narrow unfit name of Geometry.

An Art that teaches to resolve Questions, and foretel things to come, by certain Circles or Pricks made in the Earth; but now it is performed somewhat after the manner of Astrology, by Figures on Paper. See Cattons Book of this Art. 'Tis derived from Ge and Mantia, A Divination, whence also comes Necromancy, and other the like words.

See Alcochoden, or Hylech.

Is properly, A solid Body, exactly round, contained under one Surface; such as the Bodies of the Planets, the Earth, &c. But the word is now usually attributed to Two Artificial Representations of Heaven and Earth; of which, one called the Celestial Globe, shews the several Constellations and Stars, the Circles, Longitudes, and Latitudes of each part of Heaven, fitted with their Horizon and Meridian to every Elevation of the Pole, &c. The other nam'd the Terrestrial Globe, discovers on its Surface the Description of the whole Earth and Sea, with its Meridians and Parallel Circles, &c. whereby the Longitude, Latitude, and Distance of Places from each other, may be presently understood.

[A Greek word, signifying a Shewer, or Discoverer, but used for] The Pin, or Cock, or Style of a Dial, the Shadow whereof pointeth out the Hour. Hence is called—

The Art of Dialling, or that part of Astronomy, which by the Shadow of the Sun, and sometimes the Moon, artificially made, measures their Course, and the space of Time, in Hours or otherwise, which elapses during the same, and plainly exhibits it to our view.

(so called, because for its great use it was yearly set up publickly in Golden Letters) Is an Artificial Revolution of a Nineteen years Circle, distributed for the years following from One to Nineteen, and then begining again.

To find the Golden Number, add One to the Year of our Lord, and divide by 19, the Remainder is it; but if none remain, then 19 shall be the Golden Number. It was first invented to find out the Lunations and Movable Feasts; but at this day 'tis very insufficient: and therefore Origanus merrily says, Since it will no longer perform its business without gross error, instead of Golden he'll call it the Leaden Number.

The Rule of Three is so intituled, by way of Excellency in Arithmetick, teaching from Three Numbers known, to find out a Fourth unknown, perform'd by multiplying the Third Number by the Second, and dividing the Product by the First, the Quotient gives the Fourth Proportional Number sought for.

Are such as divide the Sphere or Globe into Two equal Parts, and are commonly accounted Six in number; viz. the Horizon, the Meridian, the Equinoctial, the Ecliptick, and the two Colures.

Which directs a Ship the nearest Course between two places, in the Arch of a Great Circle, would the Winds favour to keep therein.

The New Account, or New Style, instituted upon the Reformation of the Calendar, by Pope Gregory the 13th. (from whom it takes the name) Anno Domini, 1582. whereby ten days being then taken out of the Moneth of October, the days of their Months go always ten days before ours, as their 11th. is our first day. Which new Style or Account is used in most parts beyond the Seas, and does much better agree with the Solar Year, but yet not exactly. How to do it infallibly for ever, see a small Treatise, Intituled, The Jewish Calendar explain'd, written by H. Care, and some years since published.

All useful Mathematical Instruments, invented, or much improved by that famous Mathematician, Mr. Edmund Gunter, sometimes Professor of Astronomy in Gresham-Colledge, London, and from him bearing their names. The Descriptions and several Uses of all which, being not to be declared in a few words, and already set forth by himself, I shall thither refer the Philo-Mathematick Reader.

A whirling Motion, or swift Turning round, such as we see in the Flie of a Jack, &c. The word is Originally Greek, but used in Latin in the same sense.

See Calends.

See Calendar.

[Gr. Evil Fortune.] The Sixth House of a Figure is sometimes so called, from its bad significations; as Diseases, &c. and being the most Abject part of Heaven.

The rest seek in Letter C.

[Lat. Breadth or Width.] A term used both by Astronomers and Geographers.

In Astronomy, 'tis the space that any Planet, or other Star does, or can wander from the Ecliptick towards either of its Poles: And as this deviation is either towards the North, or South, so it takes the denomination of North or South Latitude. Note, the Sun going on always in the very Ecliptick, can never have any Latitude, nor can it be above 9 degrees in any other of the Planets; but in fixed Stars it may be greater and greater, even to 90 degrees, that is, to the very Poles of the Ecliptick. Nor did the Ancients think it could be above 6 degrees in any Planet; but experience in ♂ and ♀ proves the contrary.

In Geography, the distance of the Equator from the Vertex (Zenith, or Point of Heaven right over Head) of any Countrey or City, is called The Latitude of that place; or more plainly, 'tis An Arch of the Meridian comprehended between the Equator and the Place enquired after; numbred on the Meridian from the Equator both ways, viz. North and South, till it come to the Poles, or 90 degrees; and agrees with the Elevation of the Pole above the Horizon; as the Elevation of the Equator above the Horizon agrees with the distance of the Pole from the Zenith.

A Greek word that signifies an Assumption, or the Title or Argument in a Mathematical Author of what he intends to Treat.

[Lat. The Lion.] The Fifth Sign in the Zodiack, thus characteriz'd ♌. 'Tis the House of the Sun, who therein causes the greatest heats, being of the fiery Triplicity, hot, dry, and barren, and therefore was called the Lion, for the resemblance it had to the nature of that Royal Animal.

An Instrument used by Carpenters and other Mechanick Artificers, called in Latin Libra, or Libella, a Ballance: The use of it is for the trying or examining of a Plain or Floor, whether it do lye parallel to the Horizon or not: As the Plumbrule is for trying of an erect Perpendicular, as a Column-Pillar, &c. whether it stand right, or not.

[Lat. The Ballance.] One of the Signs exactly opposite to Aries, thus mark'd ♎; and called so, because when the Sun enters thereinto, he makes the days and nights even, as if they were pois'd in a pair of Scales. 'Tis the house of Venus, and Exaltation of Saturn, Airy, movable, hot, moist, &c. Ptolemy observes that persons born under this Sign, are of good Countenances, and pleasing Manners; but for the most part, the cause of their own deaths.

Is the Sun in the daytime, and the Moon in the night: For so we know they were Originally appointed, the Sun to Rule by day, and the Moon by night.

A Planet is said to be Light, that is, nimble or quick, compared to another that moves slower: As the Moon in respect of all the Planets. The Sun in regard of the 3 Superiors. But absolutely the 3 inferiors, Venus, Mercury, and the Moon, are called Light, and the Superiors Ponderous, [or heavy,] because generally their Diurnal motion does not exceed that of these; though sometimes when ♀ and ☿ are retrograde, or stationary, the Superiors move faster than they.

[A Latin word signifying a Border, or Fringe,] used by Astronomers for the outtermost Limb of an Astrolabe, or the like Geometrical Instrument, in the Plane whereof are inscribed the hours and degrees thereunto answering, the names of Winds, &c.

Is a Length void of Breadth, or as others define it, the Flux of a Point conceived to move from place to place, Length being the proper difference of a Line, as Breadth is of a Superficies, or Solidity of a Body; yet is there not such a Line without Breadth in any material thing. But as the Point, so the Line which we draw, is the Sign of that which we Conceive in mind: For if the Point which we Conceive be moved, and leaveth an Imaginary Tract, that shall be a Line; Long, by reason of the motion, but not Broad, because the Point from whence it proceedeth, is void of all Extension.

A Ray starting from some Luminous Body, and ending on a Point of some Superficies; the knowledg whereof is chiefly necessary for finding out the Greatness and Duration of an Eclipse.

A Right Line terminating the mean motion or place of a Star, which in an Epicycle is imagined to be drawn from the Centre of the World to the Center of the same Star; but in the Eccentrick from the Center of the Eccentrick, by the Centre of the Star to the Ecliptick.

[Derived from two Greek words, Logos, reason, and Arithmoi, Numbers,] Are Artificial Numbers invented by Arithmeticians, to the end that being put in the place of Natural Numbers, they may be fit to manifest what Progressive difference there is in them: For they always keep in themselves the same Progression Arithmetical, as those in whose stead they are Constituted, do Progression Geometrical. Hence it comes to pass, that when 4 Numbers have proportion one to the other, the Sum of the Logarithm of the first and last shall be equal to the Sum of the 2 middle ones. As for Example, take two Numbers, 4 and 8, where one is as big again as the other. Hence the like proportion shall be between all Numbers doubly as big as each other: As between 5 and 10, 12 and 24, 24 and 48, 50 and 100, &c. And therefore the Logarithms of the Numbers, 4 and 10, 4 and 24, 4 and 48, 4 and 100, added together, will be equal to the Aggregate of the Logarithms, 8 and 5, 8 and 12, 8 and 24, 8 and 50, &c. The use of these Logarithms is very excellent, both for ease and saving of time; for whatever can be done by the Golden Rule by a wearysome Calculation, and tedious Circuit through Multiplication and Division, that a 4th Number unknown, may be found out from 3 known; this by Logarithms is performed at one single operation: For if 2 Numbers be to be multiplied, take their Logarithms, and you have your intent only by Addition: If to be divided, you need onely use Substraction. For example, 43 Log. 1, 633468 25 Log. 1, 397940 1075 Log. 3, 031408 Would you multiply 43 by 25; set down those Numbers, and against them set their respective Logarithms. So the Logarithm of 43 is 1, 633468; of 25 is 1, 397940, which added, make 3, 031408. Which Logarithm being found in the Table, the absolute Number answering thereunto is 1075. And so much is the Product of 43 multiplied by 25.

[being of the same derivation with the last Word] Is a part of Arithmetick, which applies the Rules of Computing, Multiplying, and Dividing, to Degrees of Signs, Circles, and Angles; as also to Days and Hours, Minutes of Degrees or Hours, &c.

[Lat. Length] Is considered in a two-fold respect: Either by Astronomers, and then 'tis reckon'd in the Zodiack, from the first Degree of Aries to the last of Pisces; and this by Circles passing by the Poles of the Zodiack, and each of its Degrees at opposite places. So that the Arch of the Ecliptick intercepted between the first Degree of Aries, and that Circle which passes through the Centre of any Star, shall be said to be the Longitude of that Star; and the more 'tis distant from the said point, the greater is its Longitude.

But Longitude, amongst Geographers, is, An Arch of the Equator, comprehended between the first Meridian, and the Meridian of the Place you enquire after; and shows how much one Place is more Eastern or Westernly than the other. For the greater a Places Longitude is, so much the more is it situate towards the East, and consequently the Sun Rises earlier, and comes to the Meridian sooner. Whence to compute the first or true Meridian, whether from the Canaries, or Fortunate Islands, according to Ptolomy and the Ancients; or the Azores, as most of the Moderns do, has been heretofore disputed; nor is it much material, if the World were but agreed upon it: We always in our Maps and Globes reckon it from the Isle Gratiosa, one of the Azores. By this, the Greater or Lesser Distance of Places from each other may be found out, allowing for every Degree 60 Miles.

Is that Planet that has most Testimonies of Fortitude in a Revolutional Figure.

Is that Planet that has greatest strength in the Figure of any Persons Nativity, (called Geniture, from the Latin word Gigno, to beget) and so becomes principal Significator of his Temperament, Manners, Affections of his Body, &c. But what Planet this shall be, is controverted: for Julius Firmicus, a celebrated Author, that flourish'd about 320 years after Christ, would have it to be the Lord of that Sign into which the Moon enters next after the Birth, except onely the Luminaries, as being universal Significators. But we must note this Author to be a better Latinist than Astrologer; and the sounder opinion is, To constitute that Planet of the Five, Lord, that being in fit Places, shall have most Dignities in the places of the Luminaries, the Ascendant, the Mid-Heaven, and part of Fortune.

Is a Planet governing each 12th. part of the Day, and also of the Night, severally and respectively, divided into 12 parts, which therefore we call Unequal, (as being varied according to the Length of the Day) or Planetary Hours, beginning at Sun-rising, and the first Hour attributed to that Planet which that Day is assigned to, as on Sunday to ☉, on Munday to ☽, and so counting downwards, as the Planets are situate, and beginning again, till all the 12 Hours are past, and then going on with the next Planet for the Night; but reckoning a greater or lesser space for the Nocturnal Hours, as the Night happens to be Longer or Shorter than the Day. Some Authors ascribe a great deal of vertue to these Horary Rulers; but the Judicious Morine seems to slight the observation of them.

[Lat. a Bringer of Light] Venus is called so, when she is Oriental, and Rises before the Sun; which the Greeks also term Phosphorus, and the Vulgar, The Day-Star: So when she Sets after the Sun, she is called Hesperus, or the Evening-Star.

[Lat. Great Lights] The Sun and Moon, called so by way of Eminence, for their extraordinary Lustre, the one ruling the Day, the other the Night.

The Latine name for the Moon, the lowest or next to Earth of the seven Planets, Feminine, and Nocturnal; for that borrowing her Light from the Sun, she excels in Passive Qualities and Moisture: And therefore as the Sun presides over the Heart, Spirits, and Blood, so the Moon over the Brain, Bowels, and Phlegm. She perfects her course in the Zodiack in the space of 27 days, 7 Hours, and 41 Minutes; but till she overtakes the Sun again, is required 29 Days, 12 Hours, and 44 Minutes. Hence arises a three-fold Moneth, of Peragration, or Periodical, wherein she finishes her Revolution. 2ly. Synodical, the space of time between her parting from, and returning to the Sun. And 3ly. The Moneth of Illumination, that is, the space that she is visible to be seen, which is about 26 Days and 12 Hours. There have not been wanting some, both Ancient and Modern Philosophers, that have conceited the Body of the Moon to be Inhabitable; but this seems repugnant to Divinity. Quae supra nos, nihil ad nos.

[from Magos, a Greek word, signifying an Interpreter of Divine Mysteries, properly the study of Natural Wisdom] A good and innocent Science, teaching the knowledge and mutual application of Actives to Passives, thereby performing many excellent and wonderful works. Such were the Three Magi, or Wise men that came out of the East to worship our Saviour. But afterwards the Study being depraved by the Arabians, and fill'd with many Superstitious Vanities, the word became to be taken in an ill sense, for Conjuration, or some such wicked Art, that by confederacy with, and the assistance of the Devil, does either truly do, or rather in a jugling deceitful way seem to perform some Miraculous Operations, or above the ordinary attainments of Humane Nature. In which Pliny represents Zoroaster as the first Grand Master.

[Lat. Greatness, or Bigness] Is the proper Subject of Geometry, about which 'tis busied; as Speech is of Grammar, or Reasoning of Logick. 'Tis defined to be, A Continued, or Continual Quantity. As Number is said to be a Discrete (or Disjoyned) Quantity; for one, two, three, four, do consist of one, two, three or four Unities, which are disjoyned and severed parts: whereas the parts of a Line, Surface, and Body, are contained and continued without distinction or separation.

[Causing evil or mischief, a Latin word, from Malus, Evil, and Facio, to do] But is generally applied to Saturn or Mars, by reason of the ill effects attributed to them by Astrologers.

[Lat. Mappa] a Geographical, and sometimes a Chorographical Description of the Earth, or some particular parts of it, projected upon a plain Superficies, describing the form of Countreys, Rivers, Situations of Cities, Hills, Woods, and other Remarks.

[sometimes called Mavors, both Latin names for him] The third (in order descending) of the Planets, being in nature Hot and Dry, but excelling in Driness, finishing his Revolution in the space of almost two years. He (as all the rest of the Planets, except the Moon) has the Sun for his Centre, so that when he is Achronically opposite to him, he seems to be below him, nearer the Earth, and appears almost as big as Venus, having a greater Parallax than the Sun, viz. four Minutes, as has oft been observed: Hence, when he is in the lowest Absis of his Orb, we find a great Intension of Heat, if it be Summer, or Remission of Cold in Winter: And the contrary, when he is in his Apogaeon; for the distance between them is said to be 1690280 miles, and therefore no wonder if it somewhat increase or abate his Effects on Earth, as he is so much nearer to, or further from it. This Planet, by Astrologers, is called, The Lesser Infortune, an Enemy to Humane Nature, by reason of his scorching and over-drying Qualities. He signifies Military Men, Chyrurgeons, Smiths, &c. and of Diseases, such as proceed from Adust Choler and heat of Blood, as acute Fevers, Yellow Jaundice, Small-Pox, and the like.

This Term is used by Astrologers, not to denote any real distinction of Sex in the Celestial Bodies, but onely Analogically serves to signifie the Qualities they are principally endued with: For if a Planet or Sign excel in Active Qualities, (that is, Heat, or Coldness) then 'tis said to be Masculine; but if its Passive Qualities (that is, Moisture, and Driness) exceed, then 'tis called Feminine. Of Planets, Venus and the Moon are counted Femine, all the rest Masculine, except Mercury, who is a kind of an Hermaphrodite: Of Signs, Aries, Gemini, Leo, Libra, Sagittary, and Aquary, are Masculine; the other six Feminine.

A Chaldean word, signifying the Zodiack; 'tis used, Job 38. 32. Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth in his season? but seems there to intend some Constellation.

The word Mathesis being originally Greek, signifies Learning or Discipline. And the Ancients concluding onely those Sciences, which are founded upon Certainty, and proceed by Demonstration worthy of that name, called them, Mathematicks. They contain in general, Geometry, Arithmetick, Astronomy, and Musick; but indeed comprehend many other most excellent and useful Branches of Learning; as, Cosmography, Hydrography, Opticks, Astrology, Navigation, Architecture, &c. Of the Necessity, Profit, Extent, Use, Dignity, and Excellency of all which, see John Dee's most profound and incomparable Preface to Euclid's Elements.

[a Latin word, of, or belonging to the Morning] Astronomers call the other six Planets so, when being Oriental from the Sun, they are above the Earth when he Rises, and Vespertine when they Set after him. Now the three Superior Planets are strongest, being Oriental and Matutine; but the three Inferiour, when they are Occidental and Vespertine. The reason is, because the first in the first Case, but the last in the second, do then descend to the lowest part of their Orb, are increased in light, and approaching nearer the Earth; and so on the contrary, the Inferiors Matutine, the Superiors Vespertine, are weakned.

Is a matter much to be regarded in handling Nativities, that when you have a Direction, you may know how long it will be before it operates. For which purpose there are three opinions: First, Ptolomy's, to direct the Ascendant by Oblique Ascensions, the Mid-heaven by Right Ascensions; and finding the Difference, allow for every Degree of the Equator one year. The second of Maginus, (induced thereto, as he confesses, by our late mentioned Dr. Dee of London) which is, For the common Measure of one Years space in the Directions of every Significator, to take that Ark of the Equator agreeing to the apparent motion of the Sun at the time of birth, according to his Right Ascensions, and not Oblique Ascensions of the Region. The last, and now generally approved and practised, is that of Valentine Naibod in his Comment upon Ptolemy, which is, to find the distance between the Significator and Promittor, as in the first way, and then reckon for one of those degrees, one year five days and eight hours, and for every minute, six days and four hours; of which you have Tables in most Genethliacal Authors.

[From Mechanè, a Greek word, signifying Endeavour, Contrivance, or Invention.] Are those Operations which are dispatch'd as well by the labour of the hands, as of the brain. A skill enabling a Workman without knowledg of Mathematical Demonstrations, perfectly to work, and finish any sensible work by the Mathematician Demonstrated, or Demonstrable. Furthermore, as their Arts, so such Workmen themselves are often called Mechanicks: A word ignorantly used by the Vulgar, in contempt, whereas there are scarce any Faculties more necessary to Humane Life.

Is the tenth House, or Angle of the South in an Astrological Figure: In which, Planets and Stars have the greatest Altitude that they can have, and consequently dart Rays more direct, and of greater Efficacy; it signifies Kings, Governors, Commanders, all sorts of Magistrates; a private man's Preferment, Profession, or Trade. Jupiter or the Sun found here, are very propitious; but Saturn or the Dragons-Tail in this House are said to deny such a Native Honour, and signify that he shall be but little esteemed in the World.

A Projection of the Face of the Earth in Plano, wherein the degrees upon the Meridian increase towards the Poles, in the same proportion that the Parallel Circles decrease towards the Poles: called Mercators Cart, or sometimes Projection, because Mercator was the first that published Carts so made; though our Countrey-man Mr. Wright was the first that made the Tables for this Projection. See Wright's Correction of Errors.

The least of all the Planets, and lowest, except the Moon. Though some place him in the very Deferent of the Sun, and allow him not any proper Orb, but only an Epicycle, whereby sometimes he is placed above the Sun, and rendred invisible. 'Tis certain he is never above 28 degrees, or there-abouts, removed from the Sun, nor Venus above 48. And therefore neither of them both can ever make any Aspect with the Sun, but a Conjunction, which in truth is none. This Planet Mercury is of a dusky colour, but seldom seen, for the reason aforesaid; his mean motion is 59 minutes, and 8 seconds; but sometimes so swift, that he goes a whole degree and 40 minutes in a day. His nature is various, and participates much with the Planet he is with, or beheld by; yet in his own nature he is cold and dry, a great stirrer up of Winds; and being strong, signifies a good wit, or subtil, politick brain, studious and docible; but when Ill-dignified, an hair-brain'd, troublesome, prating fellow, a Liar, or Buffoon, &c. He generally denotes one of an high stature, (but if Oriental, more low,) an high fore-head, and somewhat narrow, long face, long nose, his eyes but small, and neither perfectly black, nor gray; thin lips and nose, little hair on the chin, but much on his head, of a sad brown, or enclining to blackness; long arms, fingers and hands, his whole Body slender, and little; nimble in his gate, and quick in all his motions; his complexion palish, or like an Olive or Chesnut-colour: He signifies all Letter'd men, Philosophers, Mathematicians, Merchants, Secretaries, Advocates, Ambassadors, and sometimes Thieves, Taylors, Carriers, Footmen, Solicitors, busy Secretaries, and they unlearned, but talkative; Conceited Schoolmasters, &c.

Is a Semi-Circle imagined in Heaven, that reaches from North to South, and passes through the Zenith of the Place we inhabit in, into both the Poles: It Cuts the Equator at Right Angles; and its Axis is a Line passing by the Center of the Earth to the Heavens, and the ends thereof are called the Poles. 'Tis so called from the Latin word Meridies, signifying Noon; because when the Sun, by the motion of the Primum Mobile, is brought to the Meridian of any place at all times of the year, it there makes Noon; and therefore by the help thereof, is found the Quantity of Day and Night; the Semidiurnal and Seminocturnal Arch of any Star, &c.

But you must know, that there are infinite Meridians in Geography; for all places lying East or West from one another, have different Meridians; so that a man moving directly North and South, keepeth the same Meridian; but going East or West, alters it. But the Meridians delineated upon the Terrestrial Globe, are in number 36; So that between two Meridians is contained 10 degrees of the Equator: From the first of these Meridians, (which is divided into twice 90 degrees) accounted from the Equator towards either Pole, is the beginning of Longitude; which upon our English Globes, is at the Isle Gratiosa, one of the Isles of the Azores, and numbred in the Equator Eastwards, with 10, 20, 30, &c. to 360 round about the Globe, till it end where it began. See Tutor to Astronomy, pag. 8.

Southern, or towards the South; From the Lat. Meridies, the Noon-Point, which being always to us in the South, is likewise taken for it.

[So called from one Meton, an Athenian that invented it;] Is the space of 19 years, (and thence for the most part called, The Great Metonick Year.) In which space of time, the Lunations return, and happen as they were before.

(as Slucius calls it, or as Mr. Oughtred calls it, Mesolabium,) Gr. from Meson, and Lambano, an Instrument for finding mean Proportions.

Gr. Are imperfect mixtures of the Elements drawn up by the Sun and Stars, and there hapning into several Forms. As sometimes where the matter is extraordinary, into Comets, blazing Stars, strange Appearances in the Air, Ignes fatui, &c. but commonly into Hail, Snow, and Hoary Frost, which are soon resolved again into the form of their Elements.

See Medium Coeli.

See the Postscript explaining and defining this and all other Measures used amongst us.

[Called in Greek Galaxia, in Latin Via Lactea, which are all of the same in sense, in the three several Languages.] Is the only real Circle in Heaven; for in a clear night 'tis always conspicuous like a Swadling-band, infolding the Constellations of Cassiopea, the Eagle, part of Sagittary, the Tail of Scorpio, the Centaur, the Ship Argo, the feet of Gemini and Perseus, &c. It appears with a kind of whiteness like Milk, but the cause thereof was much disputed, till our modern Telescopes convinc'd us, that 'tis only a heap of Stars, which by reason of their smalness, and distance from the Earth, cannot be distinctly discern'd, and yet altogether make that part more bright than the rest of the Firmament. The Poets Fable that 'twas made by Ganimedes spilling a large Bowl of Nectar, and that it was the Gallery through which the Gods went to Council with Jupiter. See Ovid 1. Met. Est via sublimis, &c.

In Latin Minutum, from Minus, less. Is the sixtieth part of a whole Degree, or Hour: So that every hour or degree of the Equator or Zodiack is divided into 60 Minutes, every Minute into 60 Seconds, each Second into 60 Thirds, and so to 10ths, or further, if you think you can carry your Conception so far.

See Luna.

Are those Festivals which, though they are celebrated on the same day of the week, have no fix'd seat in the Calendar, but in several years happen on several days of the moneth; of which kind, besides Easter and Whitsontide, &c. are all the Lords days in the year, whereof many being called by particular strange names in our Common Almanacks, I shall here take leave to explain them in order; Since, if all the Almanackmakers themselves can well understand the reasons thereof, I am sure not one in a thousand of their Readers understand it.

To begin then with the year: If there be any Sunday between the Circumcision of our Lord, called New-years-day, and Twelfth-day, called Epiphany, [from the appearance of the Star to the Wise men,] such Sunday has no name assigned. The Sundays following Epiphany, are noted in order; as the 1st, the 2d, &c. after Epiphany; and they are sometimes more, and sometimes fewer: As Easter falls high, or low; for they must be ended, and give place to Septuagesima, which is always the 10th Sunday inclusively before Easter, and thence is so called, as being Seventy days before it: So the next Sunday is called Sexagesima, and the next after that Quinquagesima, called also Dominica Bacchanaliorum; the Sunday of Revellers or Bacchanalians, because then, and in the week following, many Christians shew themselves as mad as the Drunken Worshippers of Bacchus amongst the Heathen. 'Tis also called Esto mihi, because then the Introitus was out of Psalm 30. v. 3. beginning Esto mihi. The Wednesday in this week is Dies Cinerum, or Ashwednesday, being the beginning of Lent, on which they were wont to besprinkle their heads with Ashes. The next Sunday is Quadragesima, or the first Sunday in Lent, called also Invocavit, because then is sung that of the Psalmist, Invocavit me, & ego exaudiam eum, He called upon me, and I will hear him. The second Sunday in Lent is called Reminiscere, for the same reason, taken from Psalm the 25th. v. 6. Remember, O Lord, thy tender mercies, &c. The third, Oculi, from the 15th ver. of the same Psalm, Oculi mei semper ad Dominum, Mine eyes are ever towards the Lord. The fourth, Laetare, from that Isa. 66. 10. Laetare cum Jerusalem, Rejoyce thou with Jerusalem: Some call it Dominica de Rosa, because then the Pope holds a Golden Rose in his hand at Church before all the People; and others Dominica de Panibus, because the miracle of the five Loaves in the Gospel is explained: This day with us is generally term'd Mid-Lent Sunday. The 5th Sunday in Lent is called Indica, from Psalm 43. ver. 1. Judg me, O God, and plead my cause. The next is Palm-Sunday; so called from the Palmbranches which the people strew'd before our Saviour entring Jerusalem: 'Tis likewise called Dominica Magna, for the Great and Ineffable Good wrought in the week following for the faithful; for the Friday next is Good-Friday, as the day whereon our Blessed Saviour suffered for the sins of mankind. Then comes Easter-Sunday, celebrated in memory of our Saviour's Resurrection, which is the Foundation and Rule for all the moveable Feasts. After this follows the Quinquagesimal, or space of 50 days between Easter and Whitsontide. All which the Ancient Christians kept as a Festival, containing 6 Sundays: The first Quastmodo Geniti, from that of 1 Pet. 2. 2. As newborn Babes, &c. 'Tis also called Dominica in Albis, because those that were Baptized at Easter, used to go in White Garments all the week, which this day at night they left off. The second Sunday is called Misericordia, from Psalm 32. 5. The third Jubilate, from Psalm 65. 1. The fourth, Cantate, from Psalm 97. 1. The fifth, Vocem Jucunditatis, from the Introit that day beginning so; 'tis also called Rogation-Sunday, and the whole week following, Rogation-week, because then they made their Processions into the Fields, said the Litany, and made their Prayers and Requests [Rogationes] to God publickly. The Thursday in this week is Holy Thursday, kept in memory of our Saviour's Ascension into Heaven. The last is called Exaudi, from that of Psal. 27. Hear, O Lord, my voice. Then succeeds the Grand Feast, called by us Whitsontide, (because people appeared in such colour'd Garments anciently;) but in Greek Pentecost. Which, as it was observed by the Jews in memory of the Promulgation of the Law at Mount Sinai, just 50 days after their Pass-over, so Christians observe it the seventh Sunday after Easter, (called still Pascha,) by reason that then the Holy Ghost was sent, and the Gift of Tongues conferr'd upon the Apostles. The next is Trinity Sunday, and from thence the Sundays are reckon'd in order; as first, second, third, &c. after Trinity, to the first Sunday in Advent. Which time of Advent [or Coming] being a kind of Preparation for the Grand Festival of our Lord's Birth, contains the four Sundays next before Christmass; and are reckon'd by number, as first, second, &c. Sunday in Advent. And thus much of Movable Feasts, which may seem a Digression, but not to be condemn'd by them that perhaps had never heard so much, if they had not met it here.

Are the same that are named Cardinal, viz. Aries, Cancer, Libra, and Capricorn; so called, because they are Arguments of the Motions of Times; as from which, the mutations of the Seasons are made in Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter; one passing to the other according to the Predominancy of the four first Qualities; so Aries and Libra bring in the Spring and Autumn, Cancer and Capricorn Summer and Winter, each of them excelling in suitable qualities. And as these Signs are the beginning of Mutation in Celestials, so in these Inferiors they cause Mutability, and are tokens of Mutations, as on the contrary, Fixed Signs are of Stability.

Manifold, from Multus, many, and Plico, to fold.

[Many Sided.] All Figures that have more than four Right Lines, are so called by Euclid El. 1. From the Latin, Multus, many; and Latus, a Side.

Is a common Rule in Arithmetick, serving instead of a manifold Addition. In it there are two Numbers given, one to be multiplied (which is the greater) called the Multiplicand; the other that by which it is to be multiplied, called the Multiplicator; and a third Number to be found, called the Product, which as often shall contain the first Number, as there are Unites in the second.

Gr. Is one of the Seven Liberal Sciences, and a fourth Branch in the general Division of the Mathematicks, having for its Object Discrete Quantity or Number, but considers it not absolutely like Arithmetick, but with proportion of Time and Sound, and in order to making a delightful Harmony; so that indeed Musick is nothing else but the Agreement, apt Proportion and Mixture of Acute, Grave, and Mixt Sounds.

Are those which are denominated from Creatures that have no voice, as Cancer, Scorpio, and Pisces; and in Nativities, when the Significators are therein, do spoyl, or cause some Impediment in the Native's speech.

[Lat. Lame, or Deficient:] Otherwise called Azimene Degrees; are certain degrees in several Signs: As from the 6th, to the 10th of Taurus; from the 9th, to the 15th of Cancer; the 18. 27 and 28 of Leo; the 18 and 19 of Scorpio; the 1. 7. 8. 18 and 19 of Sagittary; the 26. 27. 28 and 29 of Capricorn; and the 18 and 19 of Aquary, that threaten the Native that has them Ascending, or the Moon Lord of the Ascendant, or of the Figure, in them, with lameness, deafness, halting, or some Inseparable defect in some eminent Member. And amongst the Fixed Stars, Caput Medusae, if mixed with the Significators by Direction or otherwise, is said generally to threaten Beheading, or loss of Limbs.

Is an Arabick word, and signifies that Point of Heaven under the Earth, which is Diametrically opposite to the Point directly over our Head, which in the same Language is called the Zenith; so that they both are as it were Poles of the Horizon, and distant from it on each Side 90 degrees, and consequently fall upon the Meridian, one above, the other under the Earth; and look what distance one of them has from the Equator, and one of the Poles of the World; the same on the contrary has the other to the opposite Pole, and adverse part of the Equator.

The space of 24 hours, or Revolution of the Primum Mobile; one Revolution of the Sun by his proper motion, or 365 days and almost 6 hours.

In an Astrological sense, is the true time of any person's Birth, viz. when he first begins to breath in the World, and thereby in a peculiar manner becomes liable to the Celestial Influences; but is appropriated rather to the Scheme or Figure of the Heavens carefully Erected for that moment of time. The word is from the Lat. Nascor, to be born, or rather its participle, Natus sum.

Is an Art that demonstrateth, how by the best way, aptest direction, and shortest time, a sufficient Ship, between any two places (in passage Navigable, assigned) may be Conducted, and in all storms and disturbances hapning, how to use the best possible means to recover the place first Assigned.

Are certain Fixed Stars of a dull, pale, and obscurish Light. So called either because they look Cloudily, or rather because they generate Clouds; and setting with the Sun, render the Air troubled, and duskish: As also they are found by Experience, being joyn'd with the Luminaries to afflict a Native with blindness or dimness. There are also in every Sign certain degrees called Dark, and others Smoaky, which have the like effect in altering the Complexions, and impairing or obscuring their Understandings; whose principal Significators happen to be Posited therein. Of which, and several other Divisions of the Signs, see a necessary Table, in that useful Enchiridion for all Artists; Entituled, A Tutor to Astrology, p. 64.

A Greek word used by some Authors, that signifies only the New Moon, or Change.

See Noviluneum.

[From the Lat. Nox, the night,] Of or belonging to the night. Signs or Planets are said to be so, in which Passive Qualities, as moisture and driness, excel. See Diurnal. Also the name of an Instrument used for the observation of the Stars, &c.

[A Latin word signifying properly Knots, twistings or twinings one over another; but] by Astronomers used to signify the Intersections of the Orbit [tract or course] of the Sun, commonly called the Ecliptick; and the Orbits of the other Planets that have Latitude: So that the Point where a Planet passes over the Ecliptick out of Southern Latitude into Northern, is called its North-Node. And where it descends from North to South, its South-Node, which change their places in the Zodiack like the Planets, but contrary to the succession of the Signs; yet those of the three Superior Planets move insensibly; those of the three Inferiors faster; but those of the Moon are only or chiefly taken notice of, commonly called, the Dragonshead and Tail. Which see before.

[Lat. The Ninth Sphere;] Is usually termed Primum Mobile, it is the First Mover, being above the 8th Sphere or Starry Heaven, and carrying with it all the Inferior Spheres with a most swift motion from East to West, finishing its Revolution in 24 hours.

From the Lat. Novus, new; and Luna, the Moon. The Latin word for all that time before and after the Moons Conjunction with the Sun, (or Change) wherein she is not visible. But to find the exact moment of the Conjunction, some Authors prescribe a pleasant sensible Experiment, viz. Take a Glass or Silver Vessel, fill'd with Lye or fair Water, into which some time before, put the Ashes of an Olive-tree or Vine, which will rest quiet in the bottom; but as soon as the Moon enters the Diameter of the Sun, will rise, trouble the Water, and be hurried round, not resting till she is perfectly past the Body of the Sun. This my Author affirms he hath often tried.

See before in Calends.

The first six Signs are called so, because they decline from the Equinoctial Northward.

Is commonly defined to be, A Collection of Units, or Multitude composed of Units; so that One cannot be properly termed a Number, but the begining of Number: Yet I confess this (though generally received) to some seems questionable, for against it thus one might argue: A Part is of the same matter of which is its Whole; An Unit is part of a multitude of Units; Therefore an Unit is of the same matter with a multitude of Units: But the matter and substance of Units is Number; Therefore the matter of an Unit is Number. Or thus, A Number being given, If from the same we substract o, (no Number) the Number given doth remain: Let 3 be the Number given, and from the same be taken 1, or an Unit, (which, as these will say, is no Number) then the Number given doth remain, that is to say, 3, which to say, is absurd. But this by the by, and with submission to better Judgments.

[Lat. Numbring] the first of the five Vulgar Rules of Arithmetick, teaching to read truly any Sum or Number, or write it down aptly when 'tis propos'd.

Is the upper Figure in a Fraction; so called, because it Numbers how many parts are to be taken out of those into which the Whole is divided: And the under Figure is called Denominator, because it shews how the parts taken are to be denominated, whether Seconds, Thirds, &c. As ¼ One Fourth part, One is Numerator, Four Denominator.

The Southern, or last six Signs of the Zodiack are so called.

Crooked, bending or winding towards one side. The word Oblique signifying crooked, warpt, or bending.

See Ascension.

See Sphere.

See Angle.

See Signs.

A long Square, or Figure in Geometry, of four Sides, and Rectangled, but not Equilateral, or not having all the Sides equal to one another, though its opposite Sides be.

Blunt, or Broad.

See Angle.

Occidens is Latin for the West, because the Sun and Stars do occidere, fall down, or Set there. 'Tis properly therefore that part of the Horizon where the Equator, or a Star therein, descends into the lower Hemisphere. But 'tis improperly, yet frequently taken for all that Arch of the Horizon, which defines the Occidual Amplitude of the Stars. Hence in Astronomy, the 7th. House from the Horoscope is called, The Angle of the West. In Geography, the West was anciently reckon'd from the Fortunate Islands, but now is generally counted from the Azores.

A Planet is said to be Occidental, when it Sets after the Sun; but Oriental, when it rises in the morning before him. See Matutine.

[from Octo Eight, and Hedren, a Side] Is a Solid Figure, contained under eight Triangles, Equal, and Equilateral. Eucl. Elem. 11.

the Space of four years, whereby the Antient Greeks reckoned their Memorable Occurrences; they took their Original from those famous Games celebrated every 5th. year in Elis, and came into use about 500 years after the destruction of Troy: And in the year of the world 3248. Before the Institution of these Olympiads the Greeks History is generally fabulous.

[from the Lat. Oppono to oppose, thwart, or contradict] Is, when two Planets being distant 180. degrees behold one another diametrically opposite; and therefore is Counted an Aspect of the greatest Enmity: Yet between the Benevolents (especially of the same Nature) it becomes good, as some Artists are of opinion.

[so called from a Greek word signifying Seeing, and from the Lat. Perspective] An Art Mathematical which demonstrates the manner and properties of all Radiations, Direct, Broken, and Reflected. See a Book entituled, Practical Perspective.

[A Latine word, signifying properly any round thing, and so 'tis often taken for the World; but in an Astronomical sence] It is taken for the Deferent of each Planet, which is vulgarly called its Sphere: Yet in truth, an Orb differs from a Sphere; for this properly signifies a Globe, contained under one onely Superficies, and solid even to the Centre; but an Orb is a Spherical Body, limited with two Superficies, one outward, which is Convex, (or bulging forth) the other inward, which is a Concave, (or hollow, vaulted over like an Oven.) And therefore look how many Heavens, so many Orbs there are, the Higher encompassing the Lower; and how much the Concave Superficies of the uppermost is, so much also is the Convex of the Nethermost, much like the several Peels or Coats of an Onion. But because every Orb or Heaven contains within it self likewise other Orbs; as for example, the Orb of the Sun contains three other several Orbs, of which, two are Excentrick after a certain sort, and the third simply so: Therefore for avoiding confusion of words, use has obtain'd, that now the Heavens themselves should not be called Orbs, but Spheres; and thus the greatest Sphere is the Primum Mobile; next the Sphere of the Fixed Stars, after that of Saturn, then of Jupiter, &c. to that of the Moon, the lowest and least of all, as well in circuit as thickness, the compass of her Concave being 758250 miles; the thickness, that is, the space contained between her Concave and Convex 109056 miles; the compass of her Convex, which is the same with the Concave of Mercury, as aforesaid 1443750 miles.

The thickness of Mercuries Orb 370480; the compass of his Convex Superficies 3772500 miles.

The thickness of the Orb of Venus 3413756; the Circuit of her Convex 25230375 miles.

The thickness of the Deferent of the Sun 339102; the compass of its outward Convex Superficies 27361875 miles.

The thickness of the Orb of Mars 27339375; the compass of its Convex 199209375 miles.

The thickness of the Orb of Jupiter is extended unto 19775497; the compass of its Convex 323512500 miles.

The thickness of the Orb of Saturn is 29474574; the compass of his Convex, and consequently of the Concave Superficies of the Firmament or Heaven, in which the Fixed Stars are placed, 508781250 miles.

The compass of that Firmament 80241471; and the compass of its Convex 1017562500 miles; which last sum is the circuit of the Concave of the Primum Mobile; but its thickness, or the measure of its Convex, is by no means to be found out: yet rationally by comparison we may judge it so vast, that even the Starry Orb may not be much more comparable to it, than our Earthly Globe to the Firmament. Well then, from this Immense Fabrick may we with the Psalmist cry out, The Heavens declare the glory of God, and shew forth the Workmanship of an Almighty and Adorable Architect. They that would be satisfi'd further on this Subject, let them read Clavius on the Sphere of Sacroboscus, cap. 1.

[Lat.] Is properly the Tract left by a Wheel in the Road; hence Astronomers use the word to signifie the way or course of the Sun, (peculiarly called the Ecliptick) as also of any other Planet moving on according to the Circle of its Latitude; nor is this without reason: for the transient Planet leaves behind him I know not what impression or footsteps of his Virtue and Quality, as Snails and other Insects leave marks of their tabifick quality in the path they pass over.

[from the Lat. Orior, to arise] The East point properly where the Sun Rises, when he is in the Equinoctial points Aries and Libra, but serves for all that part of the Horizontal Circle in which the Sun, at any time in the year rises to us. Hence comes the world Orienta • , of or belonging to the East, or pertaining to Rising. See Occide •• .

[from the Greek Orthos, Right, and Gonia, an Angle] A Right Angle, or a Geometrical Figure which consists of Right Angles, and has an Equality of all its parts.

[from Orthos, True or Right, and Grapho, to write; so that] The true English of this word being of Greek descent, is true or right Writing, and so 'tis used by Grammarians. But in the Mathematicks, and particularly in Architecture, 'tis taken for the Model, Platform, and description of the Front and Bigness of a House that one is going to build, contrived according to the Rules of Geometry; according to which Idea or Pattern, the whole Fabrick is erected and finished. 'Tis a term also frequent in Perspective; and therein, the Orthography of any Body or Building, is the fore-right side of any Plain, that is, the side or plain that lies parallel to a straight Line, that may be imagined to pass through the outward convex points of your two Eyes, continued to a convenient length: So that the Office of Orthography is, to delineate, the fore-right Plain.

[from the Lat. Ovum, an Egg] Geometricians call that so which resembles an Egg, round, but Oblong, so that Lines drawn from its outmost Superficies to the Centre, are not equal, and yet answer well enough to each other from the opposite sides: It differs from an Illipsis, because that is plain and circumscribed by one onely Line, whereas this is solid, included every where with a Superficies, as a Globe is; onely the Globe is exactly round, which this is not.

[from the Greek Oxys, acute, or sharp, and Gonia, an Angle] Is a Geometrical Triangular Figure, having necessarily all its three Angles acute; in which it differs from an Amblygon, that must have but two acute, and the third obtuse. Therefore every Oxygonal Triangle may be either Equilateral, which necessarily will not be a Right Angle, and consist of three Acute Angles; or an Isosceles, viz. if it have two equal Sides, and those greater than the Third; or a Scalenum, which hath all its Sides unequal. Whereas an Amblygon can onely be an Isosceles, or a Scalenum, but not Equilateral; since a Figure which has altogether equal Sides, can in no wise terminate in an Obtuse Angle.

[from the Lat. Quatuor Four] Is the 4th part of a whole Circle, or 90 Degrees, and from thence the Name of an Instrument, which amongst all Mathematical ones may justly Claim the Preeminence, for by its help almost all the operations of Geometry, Astronomy, and other Mathematical Sciences are both effected, and easily apprehended; but especially the Elevation of the Pole, and height of the Sun or other Stars above the Horizon; Their Declination, Distance from each other, Place in the Zodiac, &c.

Is the part of the Furniture of an Artificial Globe, being a thin Brass Plate divided into 90 Degrees, and marked upwards with 10, 20. &c. being Rivetted to a Brass Nut which is fitted to the Meridian, and hath a screw in it, to screw upon any Degree of the Meridian; when it is used it is most commonly screwed to the Zenith. Its use is for Measuring the Altitudes, finding Amplitudes, and Azimuths, and describing Almicantarahs. See Tutor to Astronomy, pag. 6.

See Square.

A Geometrical Figure consisting of four Angles, as a Parallelogram, Rhombus, Rhomboides, &c.

See Squaring of the Circle.

having 4 Sides.

[From the Lat. Quatuor 4, and Pes a Foot, four-footed] Signs, See Beastial.

Fourfold.

The four principal, East, West, North, and South; but in Astronomy they are Intersections of the Sphere considered as well in the World as in the Zodiack, of which two are Oriental and counted Masculine, reckoned from the Rising of the Sun to his place at high Noon, and from the West to the Imum Coeli in the world, and from the begining of Aries to the begining of Cancer, and from the begining of Libra to the end of Sagittary, and the other two just the contrary.

Is the proper and largest object of Geometrical Arts, not as tis an accident adhering to matter, and endued with sensible qualities; (For so the consideration of it belongs to Philosophers) but as it is an Extension of parts, and a certain apt measure both to measure other quantities, and be measured again by them. See Point.

[From the Lat. Quaero to seek] An Enquirer, the person that demands a Question of an Astrologer generally signified by the Ascendent its Lord, and Planets therein, and the Moon. Hence

The party or thing Enquired after, or concerning, whose Significator is varied according to his Relation to the Question, or nature of the business belonging to such or such an House; As if a Question be askt about a Brother, the third House and its Lord shall signifie him; If a Child, the 5th, &c.

That has 5 Angles, from the Lat. Quinque, Five.

Five-fold.

One of the New Aspects invented by Kepler, thus marked, Q. It happens when Planets are distant a 5th part of the Zodiack or 72 Degrees, and in its Nature is good and favourable.

Another of those New Aspects, when Planets are distant 5 Signs or 150 Degrees.

A term in Arithmetick derived from the Latine word Quoties, how often; because it shows how often a small Number in Division is contained in a greater, as 4 is the Quotient of Twenty divided by 5.