A TREATISE OF Religion & Learning, AND OF Religious and Learned men. Consisting of six BOOKS. The two first treating of RELIGION & LEARNING. The four last of RELIGIOUS or LEARNED MEN In an Alphabetical Order. A Work seasonable for these times, wherein RELIGION and LEARNING have so many Enemies.

By EDWARD LEIGH Master of Arts of Magdalen-Hall in Oxford.

PROV. 9.10.

[...]

Solus homo sapientia instructus est, ut Religionem solus intelligat, & haec est hominis, atque mutorum vel praecipua, vel sola distantia. Lactant. Lib. De Ira Dei.

LONDON, Printed by A. M. for Charles Adams at the Signe of the Talbot near S t Dunstans-Church in Fleetstreet, M.DC.LVI.

TO THE Right Reverend JAMES USHER Arch-Bishop of Armagh.

HONOURED SIR,

BOth the Subject I handle, and my own special Obligation are a just Apologie for my Dedication of this Treatise unto you. I treat of Religion and Learning, a no­ble Argument, and (were it an­swerably handled) well-worthy of so noble a Patro­nage. Learning is the great Ornament of a man, and true Religion (which is an honouring of God suitably to his Excellency) is the great Ornament of a Christian. Where there is a happy conjunction of a learned Head, and a sincere and truly religious Heart, there is a Person every way accomplisht. Bi­shop Juell is frequently for this reason styled, The Jewell of Bishops; and of D r Raynolds it is said, Incertum est fuerit doctior an melior.

[Page]D r Rivet and Peter du Moulin, two French Divines are famous for their eminent Piety, learned Writings, and fifty years preaching. Your Name is also precious in all the Reformed Churches, witness the Dedication of divers learned De Dieu in Acta Apost. Span [...]em. Dub. Evang. parte 2 da. Bootii Ani­madver. Sac. Mori Cal­vinus. Cartw in Exod. Treatises to you, and the honourable mention which many learned men frequently Reveren­distimus an­tistes. Iaco­bus Vsserius Archie pis­copus Ar­machanus, vir summa pietate, ju­dicio singu­lari, usque ad miraculum doctus, & literis seve­rioribus promoven­dis natus Seld [...]nus in Praefat. ad Marinora Arundelia­na. make of you One thing I shall desire to specifie, which I look upon as one of your great Ac­complishments, your humble and affable Disposition, both in a free admission of the very meanest; and al­so in a ready communicating of your self unto them, which noble quality being in you when you were at the highest (as I have heard) is therefore the more commendable. Your sending to Samaria for several Copies of the Samaritane Pentateuch, bringing them first into Europe, and dispersing them many wayes, and also your purchasing at a dear rate the Syriack-Bible, and many other Syriack-Books from Syria, and your free imparting them to such Schollers as were skilfull in that Language, is deser­vedly celebrated by M r Selden in his Preface ad Marmora Arundeliana, De Dieu in his Epi­stle Dedicatory to the Acts, and D r Boot in his index Autorum before his Animadversiones Sa­crae. Praesulum decus the Ia­cobus Arma­chanus Ga­tak. Cinnus. c. 5. Your Liberality to such as are in a necessitous condition, is also well known. It is a usual Maxim or Proverb, That the greatest Schollers are not the best Preachers; and Queen Elizabeth was wont to say, That she had made a Bishop, and marr'd a Preacher. You have really confuted both these, by your plain and powerfull Preaching, and by your constant labouring (for above fifty years) in that [Page] sacred Function, even after the time, that through a naturall decay you were unable to reade your Text. Therein well fullfilling your Motto, both in your Episcopall and Archiepiscopall Seal, Vae mihi si non Evangeliza vero.

Could your leisure have permitted you to have heard me reade this whole Work to you, as you did vouchsafe me the favour, to hear part of it, it might have been more exact in it self, and so more worthy your Countenance You were pleased to com­mend to me some of the Authou [...]s I made use of, and to supply me also with some choice Books out of your well-furnisht Library; some of the Observations also I was beholding to you for, to you (I say) who are [...], a breathing Library, Eunapius de Longino in Porphyr. p. 12. and walking Study. This, with what I before alleadged, may justifie this honouring of my Book with your Name, the Dedication of it to you be­ing as proper, as that of Tullies Book De senectute ad senem; or that of Hermannus Hugo De ori­gine scribendi ad Scribanium. The Argument also is seasonable for these tim [...]s, wherein Learning hath other enemies besides the ignorant, if a Gover­nour of a Colledge in the Vniversity, may not goe for an Ignaro also; and wherein the vitals of Religion are in so much danger, partly by Scepticisme of the one side, and questioning almost all the great Articles of Christian Faith, and by Libertinisme on the other side, as if the Primitive Christians, Martyrs, and old Puritans, had been more precise then wise. It is your honour therefore in such a declining Age, when others dispute away Truths and Duties, to stand for [Page] Orthodox Truths, and practise holy Duties. Psal. 119.126, 127. Old-age (saith Salomon) is a Crown when it is found in the way of Righteousness. As God hath inriched you with large Abilities, so lay them out still for the good of the Church, that so you may prove a happy instrument whilst you live of Gods Glo­ry, which is the desire of

SIR
Your most Affectionate Friend and Servant EDWARD LEIGH.

To the Judicious and Candid READER.

READER,

WHen I first pitcht my thoughts upon this Subject, I in­tended only to give some brief Character of some Humanists, and some of the chief reformed Writers, but in the prosecution of my Design, meeting with divers Elogies and apt descriptions of some of the chief Popish Writers, I thought it not amiss to make the Work more general. A learned Divine inquired of me, when my Body of Divinity was coming forth, Whether I treated there of Religion, seeming to wonder, that many who publish­ed Systemes of Divinity, said nothing of so usefull a Subject, whereabout also many Questions might be raised and discussed. I thereupon bethink­ing with my self, that I might conveniently treat of it in this Book, accordingly made Religion and Learning the Argument of the two first Books, and those that were eminently Religious or Learned, are mentio­ned according to the order of the Alphabet in the four following Books. But I take liberty therein by reason of the Alphabetical order, and be­cause I could not so properly refer them to the second Book, to speak of several Bibles, Councels, Confessions, Proverbs, and the Talmud, in the letter of the Alphabet, whereto they belong, the knowledge thereof being helpfull to Schollers. Besides, where I speak of Charles the Great and the fifth, I also mention Charles the ninth, both because I met with an excellent Character of him in Thuanus, and also because he was a spe­cial instance of Gods retaliating Justice, for shedding the bloud of Pro­testants in the Parisian Massacre. I may perhaps also mention an Heretick that was not famous either for Learning or Piety. I thought good to ad­vertise the Reader hereof, lest he should wonder else when he meets with these particulars. The first Book is concerning Religion, that it is, what it is, its Antiquity, the true and false Religions, the Reformed Religion, and some Questions about Religion are also discussed. The second Book is concerning Learning, its Excellentcy, Usefulness, of the Liberal Arts, the Languages, Universities. In the four last Books, my intention was to speak of such as were Zealous for the true Religion, or eminent for Learning, either as general Schollers, or peculiarly learned in any kinde. [Page] As the Argument is double, Religion and Learning, and the persons double, Religious and Learned, so I should be glad, if it might conduce any way to the advancing of the esteem at least of the true Religion and Learning, to the setling of men in the true Religion, and incouraging of them in all good Literature. You have here a Catalogue of the famous Witnesses of Christ against Antichrist, of the Champions for Truth, the glorious Reformers and blessed Martyrs, to win you to the liking of, and constancy in the true Religion. You have also here a roll of the famous Linguists and Artists, the learned Lawyers, Physicians, Divines, anci­ent and modern, Protestants and Papists, the learned Poets, Philoso­phers, Historiographers, Orators, learned men and women, to allure you to a good opinion at least of Learning, as that which is so many wayes usefull both to Civil and Christian societies.

I might here expatiate in the just praises of England, for the purity of its Doctrine in Religion, and also for the many learned Authors See Burtons Melancholy. part. 1. Memb. 3 sub Sect. 15. Reformare nos vererem religio­nem discupivi­mus, non forma­ri nouani: Re­formata soilicet, non recens edita Ecclesia Eadem ergo est quae prius s [...]it, nisi quod ab errorum qu [...]randam su­perfluis, pernici­osisq [...]e adjecta­mentis repurg i­ta est. Episc. Halli Colamba Noae. here bred and fostered. But because I speak somewhat of it in the Book, I shall be the briefer here.

As the Separation made by our first Reformers was most just for the Idolatry and Cruelty of the Romish Church, Revel. 17.5, 6. not­withstanding the great [...] of Schism against us by the Romanists, so the English have since the first Reformation here happily begun in the Reign of that pious Prince Edward the sixth, and sealed with the bloud of many holy Martyrs in the dayes of Queen Mary, maintained and countenanced that pure Religion which may fitly be called their Palla­dium. England is celebrated abroad by the name of the ringing Island, and it may justly ascribe the great fertility and plenty of outward bles­sings it enjoyes, to the free entertainment it hath given to the Gospel, and the true Professours of it. But let us take heed of imitating Hol­land too much in an Universal Toleration of all Religions, shall, I say, or opinions, least what Baudius applies to them, agree too fitly to us, Sed vivimus hic non solum in regno libertatis verum etiam licentiae. Baud. Epist. cent. 2. Epist. 58.

They were wont by way of scorn to call all Transalpines that were not Italians.For learned men, if there were Athenae Anglicae, as there are Athe­nae Batavae and Belgicae, and as Leland, Balaeus, Godwin of old, so some judicious pen would reckon up the Viri Illustres of later times here in England, I doubt not but there would be a great number of English Heroes.

Magnum est, quod dicturus sum, dicam ta­men, proculomni fastu & assen­tatione, ring in­tur, rumpantur invidi [...]tupor mundi [...]lerus Britannicus. Tot doctos The­ologos, tot diser­tos concionatores frustra u [...]iam alibi ho [...]ie sab coelo q [...]aefieris Halli Columba Noae. Pithaeus Praefat. in Quintiliani Declamationes reckons up many learned Frenchmen. Archbishop Spotswood in his History of Scotland, mentions many learned Scotchmen, l. 1. p. 22, 23.

I shall endeavour to marshall up some of our English Schollers.

For the multitude of Divines and Preachers of this Nation, I shall need to say little, it being generally acknowledged, that we here­in surpasse the rest of the Reformed Churches. The ancient great lights of our Church were Juell, Humfrie, Fox, Whitgift, Fulk, Whi­taker, Rainolds, Bilson, Greenam, Babington, Eedes, Holland, Abbot, Perkins, Field, Hooker, Overall, Willet, White, Mason, Elton, Randall, Stock. The later are Davenant, Hall, Morton, Ward, Bromwrick, Boise, Preston, Stoughton, Sibbes, Gouge, Hill, Reynolds, Seaman, Harris, Vines, Tucknie, Strong, Arrowsmith, Martial, Owen, Goodwin, Calamy, Caryl, Baxter, Marshal, Burgess, Manton, Blake.

[Page]For English Schoolmen, I say enough in Merton-Colledge. Ista claborata Theologia pra­ctica, cujus à li­bero [...]piritu in­signe charisma Ecclesia Angli­cana prae caeteris nunc accepit na­tionibus. Stres. Praefat. [...]ad Technol. Theol.

For Humanists Burton, Farnaby.

For Linguists, Hebricians of old, Baines, Pacie, Wakefield.

Of later time Fuller, Lively, Broughton, Ainsworth.

Grecians, Downes, Cheek, Hales, Sir Henry Savil, Du Port.

For Grammarians, Linacer, Grant.

For Historians, Matthew Paris, Matthew Westminster, Huntingdon, Guli­elmus Malmesburiensis, Sir Walter Raleigh, Wheare.

For Logicians, Brerewrod, Crakanthorpe, Sanderson.

For Poets of old, Chaucer, Spenser, Ockland.

Of late, Alabaster, Serjeant Hoskius, Herbert.

For Mathematicians, Roger Bacon, Johannes de Sacro-bosco, Brigges, Lydiat, Pell, Oughtred.

For Philosophers, Sir Francis Bacon, Gilbert.

For learned Physicians, D r Butler, D r Harvy.

For learned Antiquaries, Leland, Camden, Sir Henry Spelman, Selden.

For Cosmographers. Purchas, Hues.

For learned women, Queen I'oserois op­poser une seule Elisabeth en sa vie Reyne d' Angleterre, & vuc Jane Graye à toutes les illustres sem­mes de la Grece & de la Romme Ancienne Anna Maria Schur­man. Elizabeth, the Lady Jane Gray, and Weston.

Some may perhaps think it may savour of flattery for me to mention the living amongst the other learned men deceased, Nam vivorum ut magna admiratio, ita censura difficilis est, Paterc. Hist. l. 2.

To that I answer, Some of those Latine Authors, which write of il­lustrious men, speak of divers that were then living.

2. Those that are well acquainted with my temper, will not, I suppose, much charge me with adulation, and the ordinary way of honourably mentioning Authors in quotations little differs from this.

I hope what I say in that kinde will incourage and not puff up any.

As I may through mistake insert some here, who perhaps were nei­ther eminent for Religion nor Learning, so I hope no man will imagine that I take upon me to give so compleat an enumeration, as to omit none, that were too difficult a Province for me to undertake, if the most here be such as will agree with the running Title, I hope none will inter­prete it exclusively, as if these alone were such. I have cause to bless God that this Subject is profitable, as those others I have formerly la­boured in, and hope, that as they have been generally well-esteemed of (for who can expect to please all?) so this likewise will be favourably entertained by those that are candid and judicious, which is the de­sire of

Thy Affectionate Friend EDWARD LEIGH.

The Names of such BOOKS as this AUTHOR hath Published.

  • 1. CRitica Sacra on the Hebrew of the Old Testa­ment, and on the Greek of the New Te­stament. Fol.
  • 2. Annotations on all the New Testament. Fol.
  • 3. A Systeme or Body of Divinity. Fol.
  • 4. A Treatise of Divine Promises. 12 o.
  • 5. Analecta, or Observations on the twelve first Caesars. 8 o.
  • 6. The Saints Incouragement in Evil Times. 12 o.
  • 7. A Phylological Commentary, or an Illustration of the most obvious and usefull Words in the Law. 8 o.
  • 8. A Treatise of Religion and Learning. Fol.

A TREATISE OF RELIGION AND Learning. BOOK 1. OF RELIGION.

CHAP. I. Of Religion in general.

RELIGION is the chief thing which distinguisheth a man from a beast; the Elephant and some bruits have a shadow of rea­son, but Religion is peculiar to men, or reasonable creatures at least; therefore Gesner (as I remember) saith, the Pigmies are a kinde of Apes, and not men, because they have no Religion.

I shall in the entrance to this Work shew

  • 1. That Religion is.
  • 2. What Religion is.

1. That it is.

Some of the Arguments which prove that there is a God, prove also that there is Religion, for Religion gives God that honour and homage that is due unto him.

The working of Conscience proves that there is a God, and it also proves a Religion. The knowledge and sense of sinne is in all mens hearts; the Heathens had their turpia & honesta; a great part of Religion lies in a kindly fear of sinne, and the feare of punishment after sinne proves it also, that there is some Religion.

2. The flying to refuge in troubles, and the praying also in straights, Jon. 3.6. is a proof that there is a God, and also that there is a Religion.

3. It hath been the practise of all people ever since the world was, to use some re­ligious Rites. Abel sacrificed, See Gen. 4. ult. The most ancient Heathen Histories men­tion their Religion. Plutarch saith, the first care their Lawgivers had; was about their Gods and their Worship. So all Nations acknowledge that there is a God and there­fore [Page 2] to be worshipped. Religion is the glory and excellency of Angels, in that they adore him that is better then themselves: it was the excellency of Adam in Pa­radise, being the effect of the Image of God upon the soul. The Jews were once the only Nation whom God honoured, by intrusting them with his Oracles, Rom. 9.4. compared with c. 3. v. 2. The imbracing, maintaining and practising of the true Re­ligion, is the onely way to make a Nation or Person strong and peaceable, 2 Chron. 11.16, 17. prosperous and plentifull in all outward blessings, 2 Chron. 11.5, 12. 2 Sam 6.12. For those that honour God he will honour, and those that despise him, shall be ligh [...]ly esteemed, 1 Sam. 1.30.

2. What Religion is.

Of the word.

Religio Hebraeis vocatur [...] Exod. 22.26. venit autem [...] verbo [...] quod est servire & colere. [...] Graeci vocant, ut Act. 26.35. Haec vex à verbo derevatur, quod servire significat & colere. Aug. Tom. 1. lib. de vera religione, religionem à religando deducit, quod cultu Dei animas nostras religemus Deo à quo defe­cerimus. Ac Tom. 5. de Civit Dei, l. 10. c. 4. à recligendo derivat, quòd bac Deum, quem amiseramus, negligentes, dennò religimus, sen recligimus. Zanch. Tom. 4. l. 1. de Religione. c. 13. Qui omnia, quae ad cultum Deorum pertinerent, dili­genter pertractarent, & tanquam religerent, sunt dicti religiosi, ait M. [...]ullius. Atque hanc sententiam sequutus est Arnobius l. 4. adversus Gentes. Meliwsaam [...] ejust dis [...]epulus I [...]ctantius▪ rel [...]gionem, à religando appellatam existimavit. Herald. Animadvers. ad Arnob. l. 4. Religiose d [...]ci vi [...]entur, [...]uoniam, quae ad [...]cultum divinum pertinent diligenter pertra­ctent & quasi relegant. Isid. l. 10 Etymol c. [...]7. A [...]ii p [...]ant Religios [...]m dic [...]um esse [...] relinquendo, eo quod propter sanctita­tem aliquam sepositum sit, & à nostris [...] remotum id quod est religiose consecratum. Azor. Institut. moral. l. 9. c. 10.The Hebrew word comes from a verb which signifieth to serve or worship, see James 1. ult: for Religion, the Syriack interpreter hath a word which signifies ser­vice, worship. Austin and Lactantius derive the Latine word à religando: it is the great bond to tie us to God and to man. Others à reeligendo, or à relegendo, be­cause by the often reading and choice of holy books Religion is learned.

Religion is either true or false.

The true Religion is that whereby we serve the true God and with true worship.

Romani.False religion is either that, whereby either we serve the false god, as the Romanes in times past, or whereby we serve the true God with false worship, as the present Romanes. Romanenses. Superstitio est, ubi aut falsi dii, aut falso & inani cultu co­litur Deus: con­tra religio, ubi verus Deus ve­roque cultu co­litur. Impictas verò est, ubi nulia prorsus est religio, & tales homines propriè impii vocantur, qualis fuit Diagoras, qui [...] dictus est. Zanch. Tom. 4. l. 1. De Reli­gione, c. 13. Idem sunt rcipsa verus Dei cultus, & vera religio, sicut contra falsus & impius cultus idem est atque supersti­tio, falsaque religio, Zanch. Tom 4. l. 1. De Religione, c. 13. 1. Religio accipitur pro ratione seu modo colendi Deum, vel pro orma culius exterm & publiti qui Deo exhibetur, sive rectè, sive perperam. 2. Pro virtute qua Deum rectè agnosci­mus, & sanctè a. purè oblimus juxta normam in verbo Dei praescriptam seu pro interna & sincera animi pietate à qua dicimur religiosi. Ra [...]a. esa.

Religion may be thus defined.

It is an officious action, debt, duty, worship or service, inward and outward, which God requireth and man is bound to perform according to his will, by vertue of that bond whereby he is tied to God.

True Religion is the true service of the true God. Morn. de verit. Christ. relig. cap. 24.

One saith, True Religion is the right performance of those duties which we owe to the one onely true God.

The Antiquity of Religion.

Gen. 4.26. Vide Polyd. Verg de Rerum Invent. l. 1. c. 5. & l. 4 c 1. [...] su [...]t auni forme, mi­bus, vel plus aliqui [...]. Ex quo orpimus esse Christians, & t [...]rraram orbe cenferi. Arnob. advers. Gent. l. 1. Aun [...]r [...]t [...]ae 203. Pambenus Stoicae sectae Philosophus, primus in Indiam à Demetrio Alexandriae Episcopo ad do­cendum [...]issus, opere & exemplo Ecclesiam Christi instruxit, Matth. Westm. Flor. Hist. p. 61. Omnis autem religio ex dua­but po [...]issi uum rebus aestimati debet; cultu scilicet, qui in ea usurpatur, ad quem Liturgia referri debet, & publica fidei de­claratione qu [...]e confessione continetur. Amyrald. de Secess. ab Ecclesia Romana. p. 106.It was in the beginning of the world. We reade of Sacrifices offered by Cain and Abel; and likewise the distinction of clean and unclean beasts.

The Christian Religion is now of some standing.

There are resemblances of all the gifts of man in the Beasts, but none of Religion, this is the chiefest perfection of man.

Azorius saith, Religion is a Morall and not a Theological vertue, for God is not the object of it, but the honour and worship of God, which Religion gives to the divine Majesty.

Rules to know the true Religion,

False Religions love obscurity, but the true Religion setteth forth her doctrine [Page 3] to view; The Mahumetans, Turks, Religio e [...]t quae Deo de­bitum cultum aff [...]rt. Aquin. 2 •• 2 dae. qu. 81. Artic. c. 5. Conclus. Re­ligio vera fidem quidem re­quirit, sed per­ficitur duabus max me rebus, beneficentia & vitae puritate. Grot. in Jac 1.27. Religionem Christianam solam ex omnibus, quae hactenus in mundo publice re­ceptae sunt, esse veram inde demonstratur, quod illa sola [...]erae, ac pro [...]nte & divinae R [...]ligionis not as habeat. Notae autem infalliviles Religionis ver [...] co [...]scientia hominum id ipsis dicta [...]te haesunt: Primò. quod in illa verus Deus Creator, & Guberna [...]o omnium rerum, solus agnoscatur, & colatu [...], sicutin sola Religione Christiana sit. Nam Ethnica, quae post Christianam est vetustissima, creaturas, imo & malos Gemor pro Dijs colit; Tur [...]ica vero, & Judaica bodierna, etsi de vero Deo glorietur, praeterquam quod ipsarum origo in mundo est recens, veri Dei atque operum ejus notitiam ineptiss [...]ais fabulis & commentis conspureat. Secunda verae Religionis nota est: Quod in ea [...]ola vera ratio explicetur, per quam homo peccator cum Deo reconciliari possir, quam in Christiana sola etiam re­perire est, quia in illa sola sacrificium peccatis expiandis idoneum, & irae Deiplacandae sufficiens invenitur. Tertia Religio­nis verae nota est: Quod in ea vera & perfecta officia erga Deum & proximum p [...]ae [...]cribantur; quod in nulla quoque quam Christiana religione fit. Walaei Desputat 1 a. De S. Script. necess & Author. Vide ejus Loc. commun. de S. Scriptura com­parat. Relig. Christian cum Gentel. Turcic. Judaie. and Persians have their service in the Arabick tongue, which the people understand not. The Jews reade in their Synagogues, the Law and the Prophets in the Hebrew tongue, whereas the most part of their people have but little or no understanding thereof. The Papists have the Scriptures and their Liturgie in Latine.

2. False Religion is loose, but the true Religion requires strict and holy walking, James 1.26, 27. Eae Religio praeferenda quae favet puritati & sanctitati vitae. Lessius. Fornication was scarce a sinne among the Heathens; Mahomet was dissolute him­self, and allowed his Disciples to be sensuall; The Jews practise Usurie; Abominable uncleannesse is permitted and practised at Rome.

3. The Scripture is the only rule to judge of true and false Religions, Deut 13.1, 2, 3, 4. 1 Thes. 5.21. 1 Joh. 4.1, 2.

The marks of the true Religion laid down by Walaeus are; Animadventen­dum est primum Decalogi prae­ceptum unum cole Deum ad Religionem per­tinere, cujus est justum ac debi­tum Deo cultum deferre. 1. The true know­ledge of the true God. 2. A true way of reconciling man with God. 3. True wor­ship of God.

Zanchy layes down these Theses.

1. True Religion (which is the same with piety) consists in the true worship of God, both externall and internall, but especially in the internall.

2. True Religion knowes and worships onely one God, Exod. 20.3. God will have no companion in his majesty and worship. The wisest Philosophers and best Poets among the Gentiles, thought the same; as both Justin Martyr and Clemens Alex­andrinus, and other Fathers have abundantly demonstrated. Azor. Institut. Moral. l. 9 c. 10. Lactantius one of the most eloquent of the Latine Fa­thers hath written grave­ly both of the true and false Religion.

3. The true Religion worships God with no other worship then that which he hath prescribed, viz. with true piety of minde.

Externall Rites, Ceremonies, Sacrifices (which also are [...] worship) in the Scri­pture, are onely exercises of inward piety, and therefore are so farre acceptable to God as they proceed from inward piety.

Christian Religion was planted by the power of God: As it appears,

1. By its speedy propagation, Rom. 1.8. Col. 1.6. 1 Joh. 5.4.

2. All these things were foretold long since by the Sybils and Prophets.

3. From the nature of the Doctrine of Christ, the efficacy of his Doctrine, The Divine authority of the Christian Doctrine con­firmed. and the authority of the Teacher: What Doctrine did Christ and his Apostles use to per­swade their hearers? Give to the poor, Give your cheeks to the smiter, Do good to your enemies, Deny your selves, Take up your Crosse, You must look for many afflictions and persecutions if you follow us. O suasionem dissuasionis omnis undique plenam, saith Facinus. Yet Christ perswaded suddenly many and great men; and the reason is given Mark. 1.22. Christ taught with authority, not as the Scribes and Pharisees.

4. From the sublimitie and symphonie Habent scrip­tores illi nescio, quid pium & Augustum, at­que id quod mi­rabile est, inter se quidem com­mune à caeteris omnibus penitu [...] alienum, quod significat omni­bus illis Deum prae catrris spa­rassc. M. Fic. de Rel Christ. c. 8. and certaintie of the books of the old and new Testament. Other Authors doubt and waver. 1 Joh. 1.2, 3. and 5.9, 10, 11, 12, 13. 1 Joh. 4.13, 14, 15, 16.

5. The purity of this Doctrine and the amplitude of the Promises.

These reasons and more are alledged by Marsilius Ficinus in his 8 th and 35 Cha­ [...]ters of his excellent book De religione Christianae.

The glory of a Religion lies in three things,

  • 1. The excellency of Rewards.
  • 2. The purity of the Precepts.
  • [Page 4]3. The sureness of the principles of trust.

Let us examine the Christian Religion by these things, and see if it can be match­ed elsewhere.

Neque terrena praemia, ut leges aliae, sed caelestia pollicetur. Ficin. de Relig. Christ. cap 8.1. The reward is the eternall injoyment of God in Christ, Psal. 6.11. 2 Cor. 4.16. Heb. 11.6.

2. The purity of precepts: Our holy Religion doth not only forbid sins, but lusts, Psal. 19.9. 1 Pet. 2.21. The Law of God reacheth not only to the act, but to the aim and intention in duties.

The glory of Religion hath been to have holy Martyrs and in [...]amous Persecutors. Justinus Philosophus & Martyr, de conversione sua, transituque ab Ethnicismo verba faciens, ingenue fatetur, se Platonicae sectae addictum, cum Christianos velut de plaustro omni conviciorum genere proscindi, & tamen impavidos omnium aetatum dignitatumque homines ad mortem accedere animadverteret, cogitare caepisse, fieri non posse, ut ejusmodi homines improbi voluptatibus dediti vitae hujus amantes jure habeantur, qui etiam cum dignitate vivendi conditione sibi oblata, mori malunt, quum Christum abnegare. Nullum enim tale praefidium è Platonis Philosophia morti opponi posse, vir prudens & ingeniosus facile colligebat. Jac. Gryn. Epist. l. 1. Epist. 41. Vide plura ibid.3. The sureness of the principles of trust, Psal. 19.7. Psal. 93.5. they are called The sure mercies of David. Heb. 12.28.

No other Religion but the Christian shews the way to salvation, nor gives assu­rance of salvation; nor no people but Christians have assurance.

Means to keep us constant in the Truth of Religion.

1. We should ground our selves well in the knowledge of it, 2 Tim. 3.14. Col. 1.23. For which end,

  • 1. Acquaint thy self well with the main principles of Religion, this is the foun­dation, Heb. 6.1.
  • 2. Receive nothing in Religion upon the credit of any man, Acts 17.11. 1 Thess. 5.21.

2. Love and practise that thou knowest, Psal. 86.11. & 119.3. Luke 8.15.

3. Take heed of declining from, or forsaking the least truth, Psal. 119.127, 128.

4. Be constant in a conscionable use of all Gods holy Ordinances, 1. The Mi­nistry of the Word, Ephes. 4.14. Heb. 10.23, 25. 2. The Sacrament of the Lords Supper, it is the Sacrament of our nourishing and strengthening in the State of Grace, and Christ therein is received as bread, the use whereof is to strengthen mans heart, Psal. 104.15. 3. Prayer, Psal. 86.16. & 119.117.

Aut igitur cuncti nihil laeti habere debue­runt, si malorum causa nos sumus: (nationibus enim sumus in cunctis) aut cum mixta videatis cum incommodis laeta, definite nobis adscribere id quod offendit res vestras; cum nihil laetis officiamus & prosperis. Arnob. adversus Gentes, lib. 1. Oro vos, ante Tiberium, id est, ante Christi adventum, quantae clades orbem & urbem ceciderunt? Legimus Hierapolim, & Delon, & Rhodon, & Con insulas cum multis millibus hominum pessum abiisse. Tertul. Apologet.The Gentiles accused Christians of impiety, because leaving the ancient Reli­gion (said they) they passed to a new superstition, and forsook the worship of the Gods; whence also they collected, that all the evils which infested men were sent by the angry Gods, [...]nd therefore they ascribed to them the calamities of the world: To whom Tertullian well answered, That many of those calamities upon Cities and Islands happened before Christs coming.

Whether men may be saved in any Religion?

The Socinians say a man of any perswasion may be saved, if he doth not walk contrary to his light.

The Scripture speaks but of one faith, Ephes. 4.5. and that also the Nations should be brought to God by this Gospel, Matth. 24.14. None can be saved with­out Christ, 1 Cor. 3.11. There is no other foundation of hope and comfort, no other name under heaven, Act. 4.12. I am the way, Joh. 14.6.

CHAP. II. Of the chief False Religions.

THere are many false Religions, but the principall are these four.

  • Paganism.
    Infideles omnes populi appellan­tur in libris ve­teris testamenti Goiim, & inde in [...]postolicis li­bris, & Evan­gelistarum mo­numentis [...] nempe; quia praeter populum Deo peculiarem Iudeae terminis inclusum, & postea praeter paucos fideles, gentes omnes aliae & nationes vero Deo igno­rato Idolis ser­viebant. Cum Christiani au­tem imperatores terrarum orbi praefiderent, & Ecclesiae Christo ubique conde­rentur; contra Idolorum templa clauderentur & everterentur, simul cum appellationis causa appellatio quoque ipsa mutata est, & pro nationibus, Gentibus, Ethnicis, Pagani appellari caeperunt, qui prope non amplius terrarum orbem occupantes sed in augustum coarctati, & quasi pagis tantum quibusdam conclusi. Nec dubito quin hac vera appellationis ratio fucrit, non quod eruditi homines excogitarint, videntur ea omnia (quod eruditissimorum hominum pace dixerim) à rei veritate paulo longius abesse. Herald. Animadvers. ad Arnob. l 1. p. 3, & 4. Vide Voer. Disput. Theol. part. 2. de Gentilismo.
  • Mahometism.
  • Judaism.
  • Popery.

First, Paganism.

The Heathen are of Christians called Pagani, because the people who lived in Country Villages (which are properly called Pagani, a Pago, and that of [...], as Pomp. Festus saith, Quia eadem aqua uterentur) remained for the most part Hea­thenish, after the Cities generally were converted to Christianity. B. Down. De­fence of his Sermon, l. 2. ch. 7.

The Apostles first preached in great Cities, where Religion by Gods blessing upon their labours did first take place, which was a cause why the name of Pagans (which properly signifieth Country-people) came to be used in common speech for the same that Infidels and unbelievers were.

There is Infidelitas negativa, or purae negationis, as in Pagans and Turks, to whom God never yet vouchsafed the means of grace. 2. Pravae dispositionis, by which one refuseth to believe, Isa. 7.9. 2 Thess. 2.10.

The condition of the Pagans or Heathens is excellently described, Ephes. 2.12. At that time ye were without Christ, being aliens from the Commonwealth of Israel, and strangers from the Covenants of promise, having no hope, and without God in the world.

The Scripture still brands the Heathens, Jer. 10.25. Matth. 6.32. 1 Pet. 4.3. the Heathens and Publicans are joyned together.

They knew that there was a God, Rom. 1.18, 19. & 2.14. and the wisest of them worshipped the true God, Act. 17.23. but 1. Non est quaestio de gentilibus ad Ecclesiam Isra­eliticam congre­gratis, an illi sa­lutis participes facti fuerint, sed de gentilibus ex­tra Ecclesiam. 2. Non est quae­stio de notitia naturali, qualis fuit in primo homine ante lapsum, sed de notitia naturali, qualis est in hominibus post lapsum, extra verbi revelationem, an per illam gentiles luce verbi & cognitione Christi destituti salutem con­sequi potuerunt. Gerh. Confess. Cathol. lib. 2. Special. [...]rtic. 2. c. 4. Vide plura ibid. Their knowledge was imper­fect and confused. 2. Languishing and fainting, mixed with many doubts, Ari­stotle and Plato the wisest of them doubted about God, and the immortality of the soul. 3. They had no knowledge of Christ and the Trinity of persons. No man can come to the Father but by me, he is called the Way, Joh. 5.23. & 17.3. 1 John 2, 23. & 5.11, 12. Act. 4.12.

Secondly, For their life and conversation, they had no true piety in them.

1. Because they had not faith, which only purifieth the heart, Rom. 10.17.

2. They were not renewed or converted, every one must be regenerated, a new creature.

3. They had not a right end in what they did.

4. All their morality was defiled with idolatry, Rom. 1.23, 25. They became vain in their imaginations, v. 21.

The Stoicks were the strictest Sect of all the Philosophers, yet there was a great difference between their discipline and the discipline of Christians; they command­ed to give to the needy, but forbad to be moved with pity, because pity is a passi­on which a wise man should be free from: but that is a strange wisdom which [Page 6] takes away all humanity, that is Philanthropy, b [...] which name the Grecians call pity.

Therefore their state before the Gospel cometh to them, must needs be wofull and damnable.

Lucretius Carus the Philosopher and Poet, inveighing sore against the super­stitious Religion of the Gentiles, and recounting the wicked fact of King Aga­memnon in sacrificing his only daughter Iphigenia, being a young damsell of excel­lent beauty, to the intent to please the wrathfull gods, hinderers of his navigation, after he had said all, closed it up in this one verse, spoken in Epiphonema.

Tantum Religio potuit suadere malorum.

They shall be judged by the Law of nature, they having never heard of Christ nor his word, shall not be punished for not beleeving such things.

The Heathens were Polytheists, worshippers of many Gods.

The Pantheon at Rome was built by Domitian the Emperour Anno gratiae 85. that is, Matth. Westm. Flor. Hist p. 55. Id. ibid. p. 109. a Temple for the honour of all the Gods; or rather devils, Eo quod in eodem quondam omnium non Deorum, sed daemonum cultus agebatur. The Scripture frequently cals such Idol-worship the worship of devils.

They generally worshipt the Sun, as Macrobius and others shew.

Persae & magi omnes, qui Per­stae regionis in­colunt fines, ig­nem praeferunt, & omnibus elomentis pu­tant debere praeponi, Jul. Firmic. Ma­tern. de Errore Profanarum Religionem. Solem Perfis cultum Herodo­tus, Justinus, Strabo, & alii prodiderunt. Herculem autem solem multis probare conatur, Macrob. Saturnal. lib. 1. cap. 20. Joan. A Wower, Ad Lib. Jul. Firm. matern.It is a question, An ex meliore usu legis naturae pendeat revelatio Evangelii, whe­ther the revelation of the Gospel depend on the better use of the Law of Nature?

Walaeus in his answer to Corvinus, c. 5. alledgeth Rom. 3.11. & Psal. 14.3. and saith, that experience gives testimony to this assertion of the Scripture, for there was never any found amongst those Nations, to whom the Gospel was not preached, who drew the knowledge of Christ from the light of nature, or to whom God miraculously revealed Christ for his improving the Law of Nature. Cornelius lived at Caesarea, with the Jews. Job was of the posterity of Abraham, he instructed his posterity▪ Gen. 18.19. nay God often passed by those who most improved the light of nature, and revealed Christ by the Gospel to those who were more wicked and perverse then they, Deut. 32.28. Ezek. 3.16. & 5.6. Matth. 11.21. not to So­crates, Plato, Aristides, Cato, Jaudatissima inter Gentiles nomina, but to more wicked.

Sed patibulo affixus interrit. Quid istud ad causam? Neque cuim qualitas & deformnas mortis dicta ejus immutat aut facta, aut eo minor videbitur disciplinarum ejus auctorita [...], quia vinculis corporis non naturali dissolutione di­gressus est, sed vi illata decessit. Pythago [...]as Samius suspicione dominationis injusta vivus concrematus in fano est; numquid [...]a quae docuit, vim propriam perdiderant, quiae non spiritum sponte, sed crudelitate appetitus effudit? Similiter Socrates ivitatis suae judicio damnatus, capitali affectus est paena: numqua irrita facta sunt, quae sunt ab eo de moribus, virtutibus & officiis disputata, quia injuria expulsus è vita est? Arnob. Advers. Gent. l. 1.But we preach Christ crucified, unto the Jews a stumbling block, and unto the Greeks foolishness, 1 Cor. 1.23.

The Jews mock us, because we had such a Messiah which cried out, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? If he was God (say they) why did he so cry out? did not all troubles come to him by his own will?

Wisdom is justified of her children.

We have those famous Apologies of Justin Martyr, who dedicated his first to the Roman Senate, Anno Aerae [...]hristi 303. Persecutionis flammae ol [...]um addiderunt Por phyrius, Hiero­cles, & alii; qui contra Reli­gionem christi­anam scripse­runt: Rursum ex medio inimicorum suorum Dem excitavit Arno­bium Rhetorem, qui constantia Martyrum permotus, ad Religionem Christianam accessit, eamque contra Porphy­rium & alios defendit, idem fecit postea La­ctantitu Arnobit discipulus ex Philosopho Episcoper, Calvis. Chronol. Vide Ficin. de Relig. Christ. cap. 14. Tantò saltem Christiana. lex caetcris excellentior est, quantò & plures docti & doctis aliis semper doctiores, eloquentrores (que) & san­ctiores fuerunt, qui hanc sequuti sunt, quàm qui alias susceperunt, M. Ficin. de Religione Christiana, c. 14. Johannes Fran­ciscus Picus Mirandulanus de fide & ordine credendi, fidem Christianorum veram esse ostendit è Scripturis & omni antiqui­tate quam coptofissime Ludov. Croc. in Ficinum de Relig. Christ. c. 21. Itaque utilissima Iuin, & Dei providentia nobis re­servata, quae Tertullianus, Arnobius, Clemens Alexandrinus, Theodoretus atque alii de diis Gentium & superstitionibus corum prodiderant. Not. Dounaei in Chrysost. Hom. 29. in Epist. prim. aed Corinth. and his second to Antoninus Pius Augustus; and that of Ter­tullian, who in the time of Severus the Emperour, seeing Christians persecuted only for the Name, as a sufficient crime, wrote his Learned, large and accurate Apology, dedicating it to the Emperour and his Sonne. He is styled by Pierius Valeriaenus, Acerrimus Christiani nominis propugnator.

The wiser Heathens did call the Christians Idiots, and reproached them as il­literate.

But the Atheist cannot name any age wherein the Heathen had an Oliver to oppugne our Christian profession, but we had a Rowland to defend it. If they had a Porphyrie or Celsus to oppose Philosophy against it, we had an Arnobius, an Origen to maintain and follow Christianity. If they had a Symmachus, we had an [Page 7] Ambrose and Prudentius: If they had a Julian, we had a Gregory Nazianzen.

Those Atlassia of Christian Religion equalled the most renowned. Heathens in all Learning (as well as they exceeded them in true Religion:) Such among others were Justin a Philosopher and Martyr, Tertullian, Irenaeus, Cyprian, Origen, (Learned to a miracle) Clement of Alexandria, Eusebius, Epiphanius, the three Learned Gregories, Nazianzene, Nyssene, Thaumaturgus, both the Basils, Atha­nasius, Cyrill, Minutius Faelix, Arnobius, Chrysostom, Jerom, Ambrose, La­ctantius, Austin, Prosper, Hilary, Prudentius, and others, of most eminent Learn­ing, piety and courage, who defended the Christian Religion against proud Hea­thens and pestilent Hereticks of those daies. D r Gaudens Defence of the Ministry, pag. 407.

Of all the Countries subject to the Papall Empire, In Britannia quidem ipsis Apostolorum temporibus an­nunciatum su­isse Evangelium authores habe­mus locupletissi­mos, Eusebium, Theodoretum, R. Episc. Uster. Praefat. ad Britan. Eccles. primord. Nulla alia est regio quam Britannia qua Christianismum conservarit constantius, professae sit sincerius, & que tot tantosque Principes in sanctorum Martyrum & Confessorum catalogum relatos ostendere possit. Lansii Orat. pro. Britannia. Gildas nostras statim ab ortu Evangelii, & ante cum Theodorus Graecus author palam testantur, inter alias gentes Britanniam fidem ab Apostolis aut corum discipulis accepisse. Harpsf. Hist. Anglic. Eccles. c. 1. Vide plura ibid. Luce meridiana clarius existit statim post Apostolorum tempora Ecclesias hic fuisso constitutas. Ter­tullianus & Origenes id ipsum testantur post annum Christi ducentessimum. Godw. praefat ad lib. de Praesul Ang. England suffered the most hard and shamefull servitude, especially in the reign of Henry the 2 d, and John, and Henry the 3 d.

Some say, England was the first Kingdom in all the world, which received the Gospel with the countenance of Supream Authority, it was prima provinciarum quae amplexa est fidem Christi, so Sabellicus and others.

By whom the Christian Religion was first brought hither, is disputed, some say by James the brother of John, some Simon Zelotes, some Peter and Paul, others Joseph of Arimathea, some Gregory the Pope.

See Camdens Prefat. ad Britan. Godw. de praesulibus Angliae, Antiquitates Bri­tannicae. Episc. Usser. de Britannie. Eccles. Primord. cap. 8. Bed. Hist. l. 1. cap. 23. B. Mort. Appeal, l. 1. c. 4. & 9. Rivii Reg. Anglic. in Hiber. def. p. 44, &c.

The first Christian King that ever was in the world was King Lucius a Britain, and the first Christian Emperour was born in England, even Constantine the Great.

Habemus optime vir Dei, (saith Zanchius in his 2 d Book of Epist. to Bullinger, upon the relation of the burning, Babylas Episco­pus Antiochenus, octogenario su­perior, cum aliquot frugi filiis, & gran­daeva sanctaque conjuge, catenis ferreis oneratus, Scipione inuxus ducitur ab im­piis idololatris Paganis, petit carnificinae initium à filiis (quos paternae necis spectaculo tristi percelli nolebat) fieri: & cum id impetrassct, recitat Jesaiae verba: Ecce ego, & pueri quos dedit mihi Jehova in signa & portenta in Israel à Jehova. Illis occisis, cum ipse quoque cervicem scriendam praebere parat & primum citra superstitionem, postulat, ne mortuo catenae detraherentur ferreae, quae sibi à Iesu Christo olim resuscitando, ornamento futurae essent, illud significans, non se pudere ca­tenarum quibus Christi causa vinctus esset, ac se aureis catenis illas longe anteferre: Deinde repetit Davidis verba, Rever­tere anima mea in requiem tuam quia Dominus, infigni permutatione usus, benefecit tibi. Liberasti animam meam à morte: oculos meos à lachrymis, pedes meos à lapsu Ambulabo in terra viventium. Sene sancto occiso, grandaeva conjuux, neglecta à Paganis, ipsa suis manibus, mariti & filiorum corpora terrae mandat. Gryn. Epist. l. 1. Epist. 6. of Archbishop Cranmer) pro quo gratias aga mus Deo, quod tot tantorumque virorum sanguine, cùm alibi, tum praesertim in illo Anglicano Regno, sacro sanctum Filii sui Evangelium quotidie obsignare dignatur, ad confirmandam fidem nostram, & ad instaurationem sanctorum. Fieri non potest, quin solum illud tanto Martyrum sanguine irrigatum, laetas Domino segetes ferat, ex qui­bus Ecclesia Christi coalescat. Fieri etiam non potest, quin tantus sanguis è terra clamet ad Dominum: O barbaram, impiam, & omnis humanitatis expertem me­retricem. Perdat illam Deus, & quam citissimè sua in illam judicia patefaciat.

Thuanus reporteth of Ludovicus Marsacus a Knight of France, when he was led with other Martyrs that were bound with coards to execution, and he for his [Page 8] dignity was not bound, he cryed, Cur non & me quoque torque donas, & infignis hujus ordinis militem creas? Give me my chain to, let me be a Knight of the same Order.

CHAP. III. The second great false Religion is Mahometism.

Vide Laurentii Ludovici Leo­bergensis Orat. 10, & 11. De Mahom. in­crement. & Forbes [...]nstruct. Histor. Theol. l. 4. c. 1. de Muhammede, de origine doctrinae Muhammedicae & Alcorani l. 4. c 3. de Impicta­te doctrinae Muhammedanae; c. 4. usque ad cap. 14. Vide Matth. Westm. p. 111, 112.IN the Year of our Lord 666, the detestable Sect of Mahumet began to take strength and place.

Moamed or Machumed an Ishmaelite being a poor man till he married a widow wealthy and of high countenance: having the falling sickness, where­by the widow was sorry that she matched with him, perswaded her by himself and others, that his fits were but a trance, wherein he talked with the Angel Gabriel. The woman made women beleeve that her husband was a Prophet: afterwards men by help of certain Heretiques set the false Prophet forward. From Judaism Arius, Nestorius, and his own brain he frameth a Doctrine. He prevaileth so by force of his wilde company and guile deceiving the simple, that before his death he winneth Arabia, and the Countries about Euphrates. The sonnes of Ishmael ashamed of Agars name, borrow from Sara the term of Saracens. Brought. Concent.

He gave sundry Laws to his followers, patched of many Sects and Religions to­gether: He taught them to pray ever to the South, and as we keep the Sunday, so they keep the Friday, which they call the day of Venus. He permitted them to have as many Wives as they were able to maintain; to have as many Concubines as they list; Mahomet was born in the Country of Arabia. His Father was a Persian, his mother an Ishmaelite, which Ishmaelites being a people of Arabia, were called then Agarens, which term Mahumet afterward turned to the name of Saracens. Vide Polyd. Verg. de Invent. Rerum, l. 7. c. 8. to abstain from the use of wine, except on certain solemn daies in the year; to have and worship only one God omnipotent, saying that Moses and the Prophets were great men, but Christ was greater, and greatest of all the Pro­phets, as being born of the Virgin Mary by the power of God, without mans seed, and at last was taken up to heaven, but was not slain, but another in his likeness for him. Fox's Act. and Monum. Vol. 1. p. 161. See 963, 964.

The Persians beleeve in Mahomet, yet the Turks and they differ in opinion about him, the one pursuing the other with most deadly hatred, insomuch that there is almost continuall Warre between them.

In Alcorano Libro Legis co­rum habetur, Iesum Christum Dominum no­strum de Maria Virgine fuisse conceptum & natum, quem sine peccato vixisse inter homines, Prophetam (que) & plus quam Prophetam esse profitentur. Caecos enim illuminasse, laeprosos mundasse, & mortuos prorsus susci­tasse astruunt. Verum quoque asserunt cum ad caelum ascendisse. Lex illorum, quam Diabolo dictante, ministerio Sergii Mo­nachi apostaca & haeretics, M [...]hometus Arabic è scriptam Saracenis dedit & docuit, à gladto caepit, per gladium tenetur, & in gladio termenatur. Iste Mahometus illiteratus fuit, sicut ipse in Alchorano suo testatur: qui quae praenominatus baereticus dictavit, ipse praedicavit. Et quia potens erat, & Arabum Princeps, per comminationes suas legem statuit observari. Luxurio­sus autem fuit & bellicosus, & ideo de immunditia & vanitate legem dedit, quam carnaliter viventes in partem voluptatis observant: & sicut legem Christi veritas & munditia muniunt, ita errorem ipsorum timor mundanus & humanus, voluptas (que) carnalis extollunt. Matth. Paris Hist. Angl. Henr. 3 tii. Mahumetis Religio in armis nata, nihil spirat nisi arma, armis propa­gata. Grotius de Relig. Christ. l. 2. Tanta reverentia Alcoranum excipiunt, ut si quis Christianorum imprudens ipsi infideat, capitis supplicio afficiatur. Dilher. Elect. l. 1. c. 2. Vide plura ibid. & Clenard. Epist. l. 1. p. 28, 29, 32.The Alcoran is given out for the Word of God; it is written in Arabick verse, in form of a Dialogue between the Angell Gabriel and their Prophet, it is prohi­bited to be translated, which both preserves the Arabick tongue and conceals the Religion. M r. Henry Blunt's Voyage into the Levant, p. 146.

The Alcoran is stuft with obsceanness, lies, miracles, visions, morall and na­turall Philosophy; such trash as may wonderfully provoke the silliest Student to a height of laughter. It is in Volume twice so big as the Psalmes of David, divided into a hundred and fourteen Chapters. He denies Christ to be the Son of God, and saith, that the Virgin conceived by smelling to a Rose presented her by Gabriel, [Page 9] and that he was born out of her breasts. Also that he was not crucified, but Judas or some other wicked thief; Christ being separated from them by a cloud that covered him, and came from heaven, Herb. Trav. l. 2. p. 273, & 254.

Brerewood in his Enquiries, Amongst other qualities whereby Ma­hometism pos­sesseth the minds of men, one, is its pleasing do­ctrine. The Angel tels their Prophet concerning Venery, and some such o­ther delicacies of life, that God did not give men such appetites to have them frustrate, but enjoyed. M r Henry Blunts Voyage into the Levant. p. 149. Quam longè latéque se diffuderit pestiferum illud virus haereseos Mohamedicae, historiae passim docent, & qui Regiones Orientis peragrárunt testari facilè possunt. Ubicunque verò Religio Mohamedis Arabis viget, ibi Arabum lingua in sacris sola in usu est. Hoc ipse legislator manifestis verbis sub paena capitis sancivit. Tantùm autem Mo­hamedis religio patet, teste Postello, ut vix tertiae parsterrarum orbis nobis Christianis reliqua sit. Imò abultimis extremi occidentis oris, hoc est, ab insulis Fortunatis ad Maluccarum usque insulas in extremo Orientis, Mohametismum regnare certum est. In Graecia olim eloquentiae & Religionis syncerioris parente, in Thracia, Molachia, Natolia, Armenia, Assyria, Mesopotamia, Chaldaea, Perfide, India, & insulis adjacentibus, Paelaestina, Arabia, Aegypto, Nubia, Marmarica, Numi­dia, Mauritania, denique in tota ferè Africa viget Mohametismus, ac ibi lingua quoque Arabica quasi pro vernacula est. Wilhelm. Bed wel. Praesat. Johan. Apost. & Evangelist. Epist. Cathol. Arab. Vide Laurent. Ludov Leobernensis Orat. 10, & 11. de Mahom. Increm. cap. 11. gives four reasons of the spreading of Ma­humetanism, whereof two are,

1. Their peremptory restraint (even on the pain of death) of all disputations touching their Religion, and calling any point of it into question.

2. The sensuall liberty allowed by it, viz. to have many wives, and the like promise of sensuall pleasures to succeed after this life (to the Religious observers of it) in Paradise.

God was pleased to suffer a base Epileptick person, a villain and vitious, to set up a Religion which hath filled almost all Asia and Africa, and some parts of Europe. D r Taylors Rule of a Holy Dying, ch. 1. sect. 4.

Vide Crines. Discurs. de Confus. Ling. c. 6.

The Janizaries (many of which were at first Christians) are the greatest strength of the Turkish Empire, being first instituted by Amurath the first, Janizari vel Jenizari praeci­puum sunt Im­peratoris Turcici robur: atque ex iis etiam eligun­tur Imperatoris ejusce custodes: ac quia aula Soltani porta Osmonica nuncupatur eò àjanuae vocabulo Janizari putan­tur vocitari. Vossius de vi­tiis Sermonis, l. 2. c. 10. they are often dreadfull unto the great Turk himself; after whose death they have sometimes preferred to the Empire such of the Emperours sonnes as they best liked, without respect of prerogative of age, contrary to the will of the great Sultan himself. Some suppose they are not unlike in time to be the chief cause of the ruine of that large Empire.

The Christians themselves in Turkie are Sed & regnum Turcicum Christianis adeò soecundum esse constans sama est, ut si hominum numero certandum sit, facilè uni Muselmanno, quo nomine gaudent Turcae, sen Alcoranitae, tres opponi posse Christianos; crudele autem barbarorum jugum ob certaminum, quae sovent, varietatem, & contraria, in qua scinduntur, studia, mutnasque, quibus laborant dissentiones excutere non posse. Joach. Vageti Period. Reg. Turc. numerous.

When any of the Janizaries have committed ought worthy of death, the custom is to send the same party in the night time over by Boat from Constantinople to Pera; where by the way he is thrown into the water with a great stone about his neck, and then there is a piece of Ordinance shot off, which is a token of some such execution. The Turk is forced to take this course, lest the rest of his Jani­zaries should mutiny when any of their fellows is put to death.

That complicate errour of the Socinians sprung from Mahometism. Turpissimam Socinistarum gentem è fi­metis Muhammedanorum prosiltisse, hinc certum est, quòd non modò blasphemo ore conspirant cum Turcis in abneganda Jesu Christi divina natura verùm etiam quòd cum in finem Christianam fidem ita subvertant, ut Christianos cum Muhammedanis uniant ac consocient faedere exsecrabili. Vide Socini scripta, & confilii istius luculenta testimonia invenies. Ludov. Croc. in Ficin. de Relig. Christ. cap. 36.

The abstinence and sobriety of many Turks will condemn intemperate Christi­ans, and their frequent prayers, the prophanness of divers Christians. Scilicet cre­dendum est Christianum propter innumerabilia Christi in se beneficia collata, sobrium esse non posse cùm Turcae propter perditum hominem & profli­gatum Mahometum parcè, continenter, sobrièque vivant, adeò ut ne vinum quidem gustent. Olympiae Fulviae Moratae Epist. l. 1. cuidem concionatori Germano. Vide Busbeq. Epist.

[Page 10] Nihil adfirmat Mahometus de remissione pecca­torum, evomit blasphemias in filium Dei, non docet quod sit peccatum, non monstrat causas humanarum calamitatum, nihil potest dicere de vera invocatione in fide. Me­lancht. Ad Alcoruani lectorem praemonit. Nominatim profitetur se hostem esse iis populis qui invocant filium Dei, & ample­ctuntur Prophetarum & Apostolorum scripta. Deinde conjugium prorsus abolet, nefarias libidines concedit. Id. ibid. Negat codex authenticus Machumetanorum, quem vocant Alcoranum, Iesum crucifixum & mortuum, & resuscitatum esse: sed tan­tum parricidis Iudais creptum asserit. & subvectum in caelum, unde venturus sit judex omnium. Negat esse filium Dei & verum Deum sed rursum tribuit ei opera, quae nemo potest facere, nisi Divina virtute. Bibliand. de Ratione communi omni­um Linguarum.There is a Book in Latine in Folio, styled Machumetis Alcoran, published by Theodore Bibliander. There is the Premonition of Philip Melancthon to the Reader of the Alcoran, Biblianders Apology for the edition of the Alcoran, Annotations upon it, and severall other things out of Ludovicus Vives, and others against it.

Before the Turks come to prayer, they prepare themselves thereunto by out­ward washing of themselves in token of reverence, and suffer no women to come to their Churches, left the sight of them should withdraw their mindes from prayer.

CHAP. IV. The third false Religion is Iudaism.

Purch. Pilgrim. l. 2. c. 11.THey were after the Babylonian Captivity called Jews of the chief and royall Tribe, and their Country Judea.

Before Christs death the Gospel was revealed only to the Jews, a few Gentiles were brought in, as Rahab, Joh, the people of Nineveh; after his resurrection it was revealed to all Nations, Mark 16.16. The first Church that ever was gathered, was of the Jews, Matth. 15.24. Luke 24.47. Because 1. They were the first-born, and their Fathers were in Covenant with God, Gen. 17.7.2. Christ came of them after the flesh, Rom. 9.4, 5.

The Jews look for a Messiah to come in outward pomp, yet some of their Rab­bines say, In Regno Messiae nihil mundanum.

They detested the Publicanes of old as most vile sinners, but now they are the only Publicans who serve under the Turk; no man will trust them now they are so perfidious. See Deut. 32.26.

They are of more vile account in the sight of Turks then Christians; insomuch that if a Jew would turn Turk, he must first turn Christian before they will admit him to be a Turk, Biddulphs Travels.

They deride Christ with that reproachfull and despitefull name Talui, which is as much as hanged or crucified.

After their prayers, they utter an execrable curse against all Christians and Baptized Jews. Judaei in suis Synagogis sin­gulis diebus ter Christo male­dicunt, Hieron. in Esai l. 22. c. 49. Tom. 5. & l. 14. c. 42. diebus & no­ctibus blasphe­mant Salvato­rem, & sub nomine Nazaraeorum ter in die in Christianos congerunt maledicta.

They are given much to Fables, Titus 1.14.

Nunquam tam bene intellexi quae de Judaicis fabulis vitandis monet Paulus, atque quum Talmud. gustavi. Wal. Epist. Walaeo Gomarus.

This is a sign that they are given up by God to a reprobate minde, as the Lord threatens, Deut. 28.28.

They have been cast off 1600 Years, the curse they wished on themselves is up­on them till this day.

Sectae principa­liores & quasi Scholae oppositae in quas Judaei olim scindeban­tur tres erant nominatissimae. Pharisaeorum prima. Secunda Sadducaeorum. Tertiam verò tuebantur qui Esseni dicebantur. Montacut. Apparat. Vide plurae ibid. Principes trium sectarum refidebant Hierosolymis, ut hodie Principes ordinum monachalium quos Generales ordinum vocaut, Romae manere tenentur. Scalig. Elench. Trithaeres. Scrar. c. 19. Polyd. Vergill. de Invent. Rerum, l. 8. c. 4. saith, the people of the Jews, though it imbraced the same Law, was divided into divers Sects, Nazarenes, Pharisees, Essenes, Saducees, Samaritans, Herodians.

There are three principall Sects among the Jews, Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes.

[Page 11]1. Pharisees.

They were the strictest Sect among the Jews, Act. 26. those that pretended most of all to walk according to the rules of the Jewish Religion. Paul the Apostle was a Pharisee.

See of them Spanhem. Dub. Evan. parte tertia, Dub. 28. & Cameron on Matth. 20. v. 3.

2. The Sadducees.

Antigonus Master to Sadoc the Father of the Sadducees, exhorted his Schollars to embrace the Law, not looking for a reward, that is, for love of it self. De eo quod di­cuntur negasse spiritus, non disputo. Sane ut multi putant, sic sequeretur eos negasse legem Mosaicam, quae variis in locis Angelorum mentionem fa­cit. Praeterea certum est eos non negasse librorum Propheticorum autoritatem, ut ex Talmude liquet. Menasseh Ben Israel de Resurrectione, cap. 6. Vide Camer. praelect. Tom. 3. in Matth. 20. v. 3. p. 45. Sadoc and the Sadducees after him taught that there was no reward after this life, and therefore no resurrection. D r Lightfoots 3 d part of his Harmony, Sect. 6.

It is noted of them, that of all other Sects, they were the most cruell in their judiciall censures, as Euseb. Eccles. Hist. l. 2. c. 14. out of Josephus. They denied the resurrection and last judgement; so as they were Atheists. This made them dare to practice all cruelty and injustice: For Maxima peccandi illecebra impuni­tatis spes.

See of them Spanhem. Dub. Evang. parte tertia Dub. 29.

3. The Essenes.

From whom some fetch the originall of Christian Monks.

There were also Scribes, Learned men, which professed the reading and inter­pretation of the Law, either of the Sect of the Pharisees or Sadducees.

The Jews had so high an opinion of the Scribes and Pharisees, that they thought if but two went to heaven, one must be a Scribe and the other a Pharisee.

For Justification, They found no need of the righteousness of Christ, How often doth Christ thunder a­gainst the Scribes and Pharisees, Matth. 15.6, 9, 12. Matth. 23. severall verses. there­fore Christ saith he came not to call such righteous persons (in their own conceit) but sinners. See Rom. 10.3.

For Sanctification: All their righteousness came from self, that which may be found in a naturall man; they knew not what Regeneration or a new nature meant, John 3.4.10. 2. Not the Law, but their interpretation of it was their rule, Matth. 5.27. 3. They pleaded their obedience before God, All these have I kept from my youth.

The Rabbins have much from old Writers agreeable to the Apostles Doctrine, but stained with dogged blasphemies, notwithstanding their readiness in the Text and Records in pieces of ancient Truth must be regarded. As touching their say­ings, fighting for us against themselves, I think them profitable when they are cited with skill, what they do mean or ought to mean, otherwise they will trouble much men little acquainted with them. H. Broughton of Melchis.

Two things are most firmly to be held against the Jews.

  • 1. That the promised Messiah is come.
  • 2. That Jesus of Nazareth is the true Messiah.

The first is most certain from these Arguments.

1. Because the Messiah ought to come when the Scepter was taken from Judah, Gen. 49. If the words of our Fa­ther Jacob be true, and there is no Scepter nor Lawgiver now in the house of Ju­dah, then must it needs be this man Jesus, whom we confess and believe, is that Shilo which was to come. The Confession of Faith made by Nathanael the Jew, Baptized by Mr. Fox. 10.

2. Because he was to come before the destroying of the second Temple, Hag. 2.8, 10. Mal. 3.1.

3. Because the place of the Nativity of the Messiah hath been destroyed for 1500 years and more: That is, Bethlehem, Mic. 5.2.

4. Because the Oracles and Heathenish Idolatries, and also the Leviticall Cere­monies have ceased, Zach. 13.2, 4. Dan. 9.26, 27.

The second also is most certain, That Jesus of Nazareth is the true Messiah, be­cause all the Prophesies of the Old Testament concerning the Messiah, agree to him.

[Page 12]1. He was born when the Scepter departed from Judah, according to the Pro­phesie of Jacob, Gen. 49. Locus hic est insignis, & ve­hementer urit Judaeos. Quare vix alius est, quem tot & tàm variis támque inter se discrepantibus glossis contami­naverint. Helv. System. Controv. Theol. quae Christian. cum Judaeis interce­dunt. 10.

2. He came while the second Temple stood, Hag. 2.8. Mal. 3.1.

3. He was born in Bethlehem, Mic. 5.2. Matth. 2. Luk. 2.

4. When he came the Oracles ceased, according to that Zach. 13.24. as it is manifest from Plutarch, about the ceasing of Oracles, Juvenals 6 th Satyre and Ecclesiasticall History.

5. He abrogated the Leviticall Ceremonies and Sacrifices, Dan. 9.26, 27. Jer. 3.16.

Aben-Ezra upon Isa. 52.13. confesseth that the Jewish Rabbins affirm, that those things are spoken of the Messiah. So also doth Abrabaneel upon the place: and the Chaldee Paraphrast there for [...] My servant, hath [...] My servant Messiah.

The Conversion of the Jews is called by Paul a mystery, it is uncertain when it shall be.

Marsilius Fici­nus in his book de Relig. Christian. c. 37. gives these reasons why the Jews do not yet im­brace the Christian faith, Prophe­ticorum Christianorumque mysteriorum divina profunditos; & quia divina, ideo humana intelligentia non penetrabilis Rursus ingenium mercenariorum miserabilium (que) Judaeorum incultum prorsus & pertinax. Avaritia tum ejus, quod suum est servandi, tum faciendi saenoris inexplebilis. Naturalis suorum amor inuatum odium Christianorum.There are divers hinderances of their Conversion.

  • 1. The great differences among Christians.
  • 2. Their slighting and undervaluing of Gospel Ministry and Ordinances, the multitude of Heresies and Blasphemies.
  • 3. Their loose lives, swearing, cursing, Sabbath-breaking.
  • 4. The great Idolatry of the Church of Rome, artolatria & iconolatria: The Jews hate Image-worship.
  • 5. The severe carriage of Christians in civil commerce with them.

Helps to their Conversion.

  • 1. Unity.
  • 2. Holiness of life and conversation.
  • 3. The love of the Gospel, and propagation of it to dark places.
  • 4. Knowledge and skill in the Old Testament, and Rabbins.
  • 5. Earnest prayer. When we were out of Covenant they prayed for us, Cant. 8.8.
    Nihil (mihi credite) ad Judaeorum im­pudentiam con­futandam repe­ritur adeo va­lidam, nihilque ad corum con­vincendam ne­quitiam tam efficax inveni­tur, ut est Hebraicae linguae & traeditionum suarum cognitio. Wakesieldi. Orat. de laude & utilitate trium Linguarum, Arab. Chald. & Hebr.

By those arguments, Joh. 5.30. Act. 17.2. & 18.28. Rom. 16.26. many Jews have been overcome. Johannes Isaac a Jew was converted by reading Isa. 53. And conferring with five Rabbins at Frankefort, out of that Chapter he brought them to such straits, that they could not answer. Isaac contra Lindanum l. 2. defens. Heb. verit.

Lyra, Immanuell Tremellius, Paulus Ricius, Lud. Carretus, were converted Jews.

M r Fox preached a Sermon at the Baptisme of a Jew.

Of the Jews Convertion Vide Mercer. in Amos 9.9. & 14. & ad Obad. v. 20. Capel. Spicileg. ad Matth. 17.3. & ad Joan. 3.14. & Drus. ad difficiliora. loc. Gen. c. 81.God will exalt the Jews as the Mother-Church, so that all the Churches in all the world shall depend on them, as some conceive, Isa. 60.17. Ezek. 16. Rev. 21.24.

CHAP. V. The fourth principall false Religion is Popery.

POpery is but Ethnicismus redivivus, as divers have shewed; or Heathenism and Judaism together. Irrepsit in ceremonias Iudaismus, in vitam Paganis­mus. Nota nimis ac testata loquor, & veriora quam vellem. Dominatur in Monasteriis Pharisaismus, in Canonicorum collegiis Epicurismus. Rivius de Religione, l. 2.

Papastry is a Pile or Timpany rather of Doctrines and Ceremonies cemented and built with admirable skill. All the subtilties and counsels and cunning slights of humane wit have been imployed in the framing of it. Therefore the Apostle styles it The mystery of iniquity. Moulins Antibarb. ch. 8.

Though they maintain the same Scriptures with us, the same Commandements, Julius Scaliger interrogatus Quid esset Ro­ma, respondit, Acetum pessi­mum vini op­timi. the Lords Prayer, and the three Creeds, of the Apostles, of Nice, and of Athana­sius, yet they have many superstructions, and groundless additions of their own both in Doctrine and Worship. See Beza's Traicte Des Marques De Leglise Cathol. p. 86. jusques au fin.

The Church of Rome when Luther arose, was not the Catholick Church, but only a part of it, and the most corrupted and incorrigible. Drus. ad difficil. loc. Num. c. 22. Quam faedis corruptelis pro­pemodum ex­tincta fuerit vera religio sub Papatu, vix ullis verbis ex­primi potest, nec sine summo horrore cogitari. Imo quum nihil aliud sit totus Papatus quam sacrilega & innumeris ludibriis referta Nominis Dei profanatio, si in repurgandis istis sordibus frigemus ubi suppetit facultas, minime coram Deo ejusque Angelis excusabilis erit nostra cessatio. Calv. Epist. D. Joanni Comiti Tarnovio. Missam in Christi contumeliam ab ipso Satana fabricatam affirmo ad sanctae caenae eversionem certissimam. Plane enim ex diametro illi repugnat, ubi sacrificii nomine censetur, atque in actionem temere inventam vis & efficacia passionis Domini transcribitur extat; illic praeterea apertissima idololatria, non tantum ubi panis adoratur, sed quia & oratur pro defunctis, & merita atque intercessiones sanctorum implorantur, & pleraque ejusmodi illic fiunt, quae Dominus nominatim condemnat. Quare non magis licet fidelibus communicare illi superstitioni, quam olim li­cebat sacrificari in Bethel. Illud enim omnino repugnat Confessioni Fidei, quam à nobis Dominus requirit. Calv. Epist. N.S. Chillingworth cap. 3. Sect. 56.

Si authoritas quaeritur orbis major est urbe— Quid mihi profers unius viri consue­tudinem? Hieron. ad Evagrium.

We protest and proclaim that we have very little hope of their salvation, who either out of negligence of seeking the truth, or unwillingness to finde it, live and die in the impieties of that Church. Chillingworth ch. 3. Sect. 63.

S r Edwin Sands in his Europae speculum, or Relation of Religion of the Western parts of the World, discovers fully the superstitions and gross corruptions of the Church of Rome.

He shews how their State is strangely compacted of infinite contrarieties.

What pomp, what riot to that of their Cardinals? What severity of life com­parable to their Hermites and Capuchins? Who wealthier then their Prelates? Who poorer by vow and profession then their Mendicants? On the one side of the street a Cloyster of Virgins: On the other a Sty of Courtezans, with publick toleration: This day all in masks with all looseness and foolery; to morrow all in Processions, whipping themselves till the blood follow. On one door an Ex­communication, throwing to hell all transgressours; on another, a Jubilee or full discharge from all transgressions. He saith this is a Proverb recorded in their own books, That the worst Christians of Italy are the Romanes, of the Romanes the Priests are wickedest, the lewdest Priests are preferred to be Cardinals, and the baddest man among the Cardinals is chosen to be Pope.

There is a twofold separation.

One condemned, Jude v. 19. when men separate from a Church where salvation is to be had: Christ did not separate from the communion of the Jewish Church, John 4.21, 22. but from the corruptions of it. He frees the Law from the false glosses of the Pharisees, the 5 th, 6 th and 7 th Chapters of Matthew, he would [Page 14] not joyn with them in their superstitious purifications. They kept the Passeover a day after its time, he kept it a day before they kept it, Matth. 26.27.

2. Another commended and Palam est no­stram à nobis Ecclesiam re­formatam esse ex mero ipsius verbo quod unum est pro regula, ad quam & instituenda illa sit, & tuenda legitime. Plusquam idoneae sunt rationes quae ad mutationem illam nos ad gerunt cujus praejudicio falso urgemur. Primum nempe caput Christianismi est, ut Deus colatur. Animadver­timus vero formam illam adorationis quae in usu erat, falsam & perversam esse, quia non erat in spiritu & veritate, sed in ext [...]ruis ceremoniis & ritibus etiam superstitiosis. Quamvis etiam non jam unus Deus adoraretur, sed loco ipsius ligua & la­pides, picturae, mor [...]norum reliquiae & caetera [...]d genus. Cum Dei adoratione cohaeret ipsius recte invocandi regula. Et qualis est Dei invocatio in toto Papatu, nisi cum dubitatione & diffidentia conjuncta, quatenus non tenetur Christi munus, quod in eo pofitum est, ut interocoat pro nobis, ut ejus nomine à Deo exandiamur. Porro quid sunt aliud publicae illae preces, quam stre­pitus ignoti & v [...]lui exo [...] uluiatus? Postremo quot blasphemiae illic censendae sunt, ubi virtus mediatoris transfertur ad san­ctos & sanctas, ut eorum nomine & meruis gratia impetretur. [...]ertio loco & invocatio proximo est ipse Dei cultus. Doceba­mur autem cum colere ex vanis hominum traditionibus; Ill [...] suam unam vocuntatem pro omni regula haec in parte praescripsit. Calvin. Responsio ad quendam Curatum. approved, Rev. 16.3. & 18.4. Salvation was no longer to be had in Rome, their worship was grosly corrupt, in such cases not only a mentall but externall separation was requisite. See Camer. Popish Prejud. Examined and Confuted, c. 33.

Erat in Cardi­natum caetu, [...]i­colaus Archaepis­copus Capuanus omnis omenda­tionis impatiens, ac inter alia de cebat, sere alio­quin, ut Luthe­rani j [...]cteut quafi ab ipsis propemodum adacti illud se­cerunt. Sleic. Commeut. l. 12. Petrus de Ali­aco wrote an excellent Tract De Reformatione Ec­clesia, and of­fered it to the Councell of [...]onstance. The first consideration is, how to reform the body of the Church, for that, let often Generall Councels be celebrated and other directions he gives. 2. To reform the Head, that is, the State of the Pope, and the Court of Rome and shews means for that. 3. To reform the principall parts of the Church, viz. the Prelates, and gives directi [...]ns for that. 4. To reform about R [...]ligion and religious persons, and he prescribes rules for that. 5. To reform the other Ecclesiasticall persons. 6. To reform the Christian Lay-people. Vide Wolfii Lect. Memorab. Centen. 15. Gerhard. in his Confess. Cathol. l. 1. General. part. 1. c. 4. shews, that many before Luthers time confessed that the Doctrine of the Church of Rome was corrupt and needed Reformation, and some that were his contemporaries, and also after him, did the like.

One saith the Papists Liturgies are full of Idolatry and blasphemies, their Legends full of lies, their Ceremonies of superstition.

Cardinall Mattheo Langi, Archbishop of Salzburg, told every one, that the reformation of the Mass was honest, the liberty of meats convenient, and the de­mand just to be disburthened of so many Commandments of men, but that a poor Monk should reform all, was not to be endured. And Cornelius Scoperus the Emperours Secretary, said, that if the Protestant Preachers had money, they would easily buy of the Italians what Religion pleased them best, but without gold it was impossible to make theirs shine in the world. Hist. of the Counc. of Trent, l. 1. pag. 55.

The Pope in the beginning of the Councell of Trent, being desired to make a Reformation to please the Lutherans, No saith he, it is in vain, a whole Reforma­tion will undo the Church, and a halt Reformation will not gratifie the Lutherans, therefore it is better to imbitter both the parties.

In the vacancies of the Sea of Rome the Cardinals use to compose certain capitu­lations to reform the Papall Government, which all swear to perform, if they shall be assumed to the Popedom, though it appear by all precedent examples, that every one sweareth with a minde not to keep them in case he shall be Pope. For so soon as he is elected, he saith he could not bind himself, and that he is at liberty by gaining the Papacy. History of the Councel of Trent, l. 1. p. 71.

The Cardinals chosen by Pope Paul Confilium De lectorant Cara­nalium & Ati­orum P [...]lat [...]iū de omen [...]anda Ecclesia, D N. Papae Paulo ur­tio ipso ju [...]eme conscriptum & exhibitum Au. 1538. Libellus verè aureus. Ante annos 70 in Concilio Tradentino primum editus: deinde Romani Antichristi tyranni co­ [...]ussa injustè suppressus. Nunc autem ab interitu indicatus & denuo recusus ex Bibliotheca W. Crashaw in Theol Baccal. & verbi Divini apud temp praelic. Audiant Papistae (inquit ille in Epist. Dedicat. Tubiae Matthaeo) quid de hoc novem vira [...] councilio non Ca [...]vu [...]u [...], non Lutherus, non Verg [...]tius, non Bucerus ( nostri) non Sl [...]idanus in suis Commentariis, sed [...] Papista, [...]orbonista, & Episcopus, & inter doctissimos & integerrimos, melioris netae (utietiam Papa Paulus quartus Cardinaiaetum obtalit) Sicille. Tot a [...]mis omnium votis expectatum concilium Paulus tertius indixit, delectis primum noven [...] vir [...] [...]octissimis & gravistimis, qui ab eo justi Ecclesiae scandala corrigere, qui primum non celave­rant ejus santitatem hodiernorum malorum inde principium fui [...]e, quod p [...]aedecessorum suorum nonnulli prurientes auribus &c Lectori. Si istius novem-viralis Concilii Vberius & luculentius testimonium quis requirat is sciat quod libellus iste ad verbum extat in Tom. 3. Concil edit. per crab. editionis colon. 1551. ut in omnibus aliis editionibus pontificiorum furto & fraude de sideratur. Gasper Card. Contarenus. Joh. Petrus Card. Theatinus. Postea P. Paulus quartus. Jacobus Cardinalis Sa­doletus Reginaldus Card. Anglicus cognomento Polus. Fredericus Arch. Salervitanus. Hieronymus Brandusinus. Joh. Matthaeus Episcopus Veronensis Georgius Abbas sancti Georgii Ven. & frater Thomas Magister sacri Palantii. Vide Gerh. Confess. Cath. l. 1. General. part. 1. c. 4. the third, to consider of the State of the Church, made report that there were many corruptions in it, (31 abuses) espe­cially [Page 15] in the manners of Bishops and Clergymen. That the Bishops were idle; did not instruct the people, nor feed the Flock, nor look to the Lords Vineyard: that they lived in Princes Courts, and kept not home. That the Cardinals had some­times three, sometimes four Bishops in Commendam, not without great preju­dice to the Church, for that those Offices are not compatible, or to be held toge­ther. That the Covents ought to be clean banished out of the Church. B. Jewels Epistle concerning the Councell of Trent.

In the midst of Popery God had his people, Semper fuerunt in Germania qui [...] Papatus & agnoverunt & taxarunt. Multi prima­tum Pontificis, clerifastum, avaritiam ac libidines de­testati sunt: multi idolum missae oppugnarunt. Multi & rectè & piè de gratuita hominis peccatoris coram Deo justificatione, de invocatione, de sacramentis, & aliis religionis capitibus docuerunt: multi reformationem unicè in votis habuerunt. Melchior. Adam. in Vita Gobelini. which holding the foundation reje­cted their errours, and out of Babylonish darkness he brought many to the sight of the truth, as Waldo, Wickliff, Luther, Zuinglius.

God stirred up in severall ages some publick and constant Confessors of the Faith, which publickly set themselves against Popery, some of which resisting it even unto blood, had the Crown of Martyrdom. Those Confessors may be di­stributed into three Classes or ranks. The first comprehends the whole Churches, the Waldenses and the Greek Church. The other comprehends the Emperours and Kings which opposed themselves to the Papall Tyranny. The third the Doctors and Martyrs, which taxed the errours and abuses brought into the Church.

Bellarmine, Bozius, Cocceius, Costerus and others, have written many things of the Marks or Signes of a Church: Costerus reckons three, Cocceius five, Bellar­mine fifteen, Bozius a hundred: Some assign more, some fewer Marks, but all greatly glory of the holiness of the Roman Church, as a speciall and infallible note: If the question be of the Roman Church, they answer, It is One, Holy, Catholicall, Apostolicall: If of the Papall Sea, The Holy, Apostolicall Sea: If of the Pope of Rome, The most Holy Father: If they speak to him, Your Holiness: Oh quam sancta omnia?

But whether we understand of holiness of Doctrine, or holiness of Life, how little holiness is to be found amongst them?

What holiness of Doctrine is there in that Tenet, to hold that Priests may not marry. See Heb. 13.4.

What holiness of life there is amongst them, their Stews, and their dissolute courses shew.

The nine choice persons elected by Paul the third, to reform their Church, com­plain of the Stews In hac etiam urbe meretrices ut matronae in­cedunt per ur­bem, seu mula vehuntur, quas assectantur de media die nobi­les familiares Cardinales clerici (que) nulla in urbe vidimus hanc corruptionem praeterquam in hac omnium exemplari, habitant eti­am insignes aedes: corrigendus hic etiam turpis abusus.,

Roma vale, vidi, satis est vidisse, revertar,
Cum leno, aut meretrix, Scurra, Cinaedus ero.
Vivere qui sancte cupitis, discedite Româ,
Omnia cùm liceant, non licet esse pium.
Mantuan.

How dissolute and prodigiously wicked many of the Popes have been, They teach, that Priests offend less, if they, whore, then if they marry. the Po­pish Writers themselves mention.

How unclean and Sodomiticall many of their Cardinals were, we have evident Testimony. See the Scarlet Gown, or the History of all the present Cardinals at Rome.

How desperate the life and death of many Jesuites hath been, John Casa Archbishop of Beneventum, the Popes Le­gate at Venice, wrote in the commendation of a most abominable filthiness, and set forth with wicked eloquence that sinne which ought not to be named scarce among Christians. Tantae sunt puritatis & castitatis, ut in templo etiam publico Jesuita non aufit, fibi suaeve carni confidere, ut solus mulieris excipiat confessionem Hasenmulleri Historia Jesuitici ordinis, cap. 6. Vide plura ibid. who have against their own consciences opposed the truth: Elias Hasenmullerus in his Historia ordinis Jesuitici reports, who relates many examples to that purpose seen and heard by himself. See Chap. 4, & 5. of their publick and private life. Chap. 11. of their death. Of their filthy Monks and Votaries, Bale hath written two parts.

[Page 16]For their worshipping of Reliques, what a fond thing is that? When many of their Saints are but supposed, Audivi ego fa­ctum, quod mu­lier quaedam Diabolo inci­tante, Deoque volente ut illud eret ejusmodi superstinonis quendam satuum cultorem, pubem suam totondit, & ille porrexit, sua [...]cus, quod essent capilli. S. Catharinae; trans mare ad­vecti, credidit ille cuculus, & pro reliquis os­culandes prabuit & venerandus & e [...]ce quia fit? capit etiam miracula operari pubes illa turpitudinis. Lutherus in novum praeceptum. Hodiernae reliquiae maxima ex parte aut in certae sidei sunt, aut palam s [...]pposititiae & falsae. Casaub. Exercit. 16. ad anual. Eccles. Baron. Multos etiam Pontifici [...] Sanctos venerantur, qui nunquam vel vixcrunt, vel in rerum natura juerunt, ut Georgium, Christophorum, Katharinam. Usitatum fuit in ipso etiam Papatu dictum. Multorum reliqutas Cali in terris, quorum animae ardeant in inferno. Chemnit. exam. Concil. Trident. and their Reliques also. To worship the supposed Relique of a supposed Saint.

Calvin an eye-witness, testifieth, that when Genevah received the Doctrine of the Gospel, the Reliques were visited by the authority of the Magistrate, and it was found that what they had adored till then, as if it had been the brain of Peter, was a Pumice stone; and what they had beleeved to be S t Anthony's arm, was the sinew of a Hart or Stag.

The parts and parcels of wood kept in Europe, which they say are parts of the Cross whereon Christ died, are so many, that if they were all gathered toge­ther, they would load a ship, and yet it was no greater then a man may bear Aridum illud lignum crucis adeò fertile factum est, ut ad miraculum usque creverit, adeò ut s [...]piem, aut etiam plures onerariae magnae naves vix omnia illius crucis fragmenta capere queant Polani. Orat. de crucis Christi sci­entia.. The milk of the Virgin Mary is so plentifull in many places, that seven of the best Kine in Holland are not able to give so much milk in ten years, saith One.

They shew Judas his Lanthorn at S t Denis in France. At Rome there is kept in S t Johns Church in Lateran, the circumcised foreskin of Christ, and the Altar at which John did say Divine Service in the Wilderness.

See D r Willet on Exod. 16. Confer. 5. and D r Halls no Peace with Rome, p. 661.

For the holy Scripture, though Bellarmine Lib. 4. de Verbo Dei c. 3. Robertus Ste­phanus in Respons. ad Censur. Theol. Parisan Praefat. Sorbonico cui­dam Doctori hoc aascribit apophihegma. Mitor quò i [...]ti juvenes allegant nobis Novum Te­stamentum! Per diem! ego hab [...]bam piu. quam quinquaginta annos, quod nesciebam, quid esset novum Testamentum. Jesuita Pictro aliquando dicebat. Bibli [...]ium [...]ectio citius haereticum Lutheranum, quam Catholicum Romanum facit. Gerh. ibid. brags, Romanenses pluris facere Scri­pturam, quam Lutheranos, yet Gerhard in the first Generall book of his Catholick Confession, part. 2. c. 4. shews, that the Papists weaken the Divine Majesty and au­thority of the Scriptures twelve waies, besides the severall reproaches cast upon it by divers of them, which he there also mentions.

Petrus Fragius Doctor of Divinity made an Oration to the Fathers of the Councell of Trent to assert the authority of the Pope of Rome: He told them God had prayed for Peter, who being after converted, confirmed his brethren in the faith. Si igitur (said he) Dominus pro Petro precatus est, cur jam pro Julio non pre­cabitur. What is Christ more weak or cruell now then he was? and is Julius in­feriour in dignity and office to Peter himself? Minime verò vel ipsis crepantibus Antichristus. But thou wilt say, that none was strengthened in the faith by Julius? But dost not thou see a remedy prepared, viz. an Oecumenicall Councell. Hic nobis adest Cardinalis Crescens, qui ut Ecclesiae dignitas crescat & recuperetur, efficiet. Gentilet. Exam. Concil. Trid. l. 3. Sess. 12.

For the Lords Supper and the Mass, Peter du Moulin in his Anatomy de la Messe, l. 1. chap. 2. reckons up thirty four contrarieties between them. Gomarus Dis­putat. 38. men­tions 32. re­pugnancies of the Lords Sup [...]er and the Mass Vide Gomari Anti [...]osterum l. 1. c. 15. & Disputat. 21. & 24. a [...]d of the diffe­rence between the Apostle Peter and the Pope. Disput. 22. Apoc. 17.6. The Papacy came not to the full height untill the times of Hildebrand, which was above a thousand years after Christ, when the Pope had gotten temporall supremacy, and so both the [...]ords. B. Down. Def. of his Sermon, l. 3. c. 6. How the Papists transgress against both Law and Gospel, breaking every Commandement, and violating every article of the Creed, and both the Sacraments.

The Papists have used both violent and fraudulent means to propagate their Re­ligion.

1. Violent, as the Spanish Inquisition, the Irish Immanity, the Gunpowder plot in England shew. They teach that hereticks are to be extirpated with fire and sword.

Thuanus Hist. tom. 5. parte secunda p. 135. fully relates the Gunpowder Treason, and begins thus, Nunc horrendam & ab omnibus aeque damnatam conjurationem con­tra magnae Britanniae Regem vitam continua narratione exequemur.

[Page 17]They use fraudulent means, they make use of spurious writings, defend equivo­cation, they shelter themselves with false Miracles, Legends, Relicks. They have many fabulous books.

That Massacre of Paris was very cruel, but ushered in with pretences of great love and friendship, The confor­mities of S t Francis, the Legends of Saints, the Popes Decre­tals.

There are three maxims (saith Peter du Moulin) which are the pillars of Popery.

The first of which is, That the Church of Rome cannot erre.

The second, That the Pope and the Church of Rome are not subject to the holy Scripture, but have more Authority then it. Anatomie De La messe Par Pierre Du Moulin. l. 1. c. 9.

The third, That the Pope and Church of Rome have power to change the Com­mandments of God, and to make new Articles of Faith.

D r Preston (as I remember) reduceth all to these two heads:

  • 1. That the true Church cannot erre.
  • 2. That the Church of Rome is that true Church.

Peter du Moulin in his Anatomie De La messe l. 4. Chap. 5. shews when England received the Orders of Rome, Chap. 7. when Popery was brought into France, and Chap. 8. when it was brought into Spain.

What opinion was there heretofore of Monkery?

What esteem have the Papists of it still? Ita enim tune hominibus per­suasum erat: Monachatum aequipollere Baptismo: esse statum perfe­ctionis: sta­tuta & regulas Monasticas verbo Dei multis parasangis ante ire: habitum Monasticum sanctitate praestare aliis vestibus: Et qui in cucullo sepeliatur, cum remissionem tertiae partis peccatorum suorum consequi: ac hujusmodi sexcenta alia. Melch. Adam. in vita Fridmyconii. This is one of the Prerogatives of the Order of S t Francis and S t Dominick, that the habit of S t Francis or S t Dominick is worthy a second Baptism, and that by this habit all the former sins are blotted out. Whence it came, that many Princes and Persons of quality in mortal diseases, have put on the habit of S t Francis, that they might blot out all their sins.

Learned Rudolphus Agricola dying at Heidelberg was buried in a Franciscans habit by the Minorites, as he commanded.

Campians brag in his third reason, Ad Patres si quando licebit accedere; confectum est praelium, tam sunt nostri, quam Gregorius ipse Decimus tertius, filiorum Eccle­siae Pater amantissimus, is succinctly and pithily answered by our learned Whitaker, Quem nos filiorum Ecclesiae hostem capitalem & furiosum esse novimus, eum tu Pa­trem vocas amantissimum, & quam hoc verum est, tam illud esse verum concludis. Fa­teor ambo, quam illud, utrumque enim falsissimum.

CHAP. VI. Of the Reformed Religion.

THe people of God which are called and come out of Babylon need not a new plantation of a Church, but a Reformation only. Des le regne du Roy Henry, La Religion auoi [...] commencè de poindre, qui par ses Sectateurs fut appellec Re­formee, comme celle qu ils disoient avoir reforme les abus de nostre eglise, & par les autres plus retenus en ancionuetè, opinion novelle Pasquier Des Recherches de la France, l. 8. ch. 25. Vera Christi Ecclesia semper fuit etiam in Papatu, inter dirus me­retricis Babylonicae tempestates: perinde ut in Veteri Testamento fuit verus Israel in mediis Baaliticis cultibus inter tyrannicas idololatricorum regum persecutiones. Melch. Adam. in vita Gobelini. Fundamentum retinuisse semper aliquos, in regno Pontificiarum & restitisse erroribus, atque Idololatriae paulatim invectae, declarant scripta, quae extant, Augustini & dis­cipulorum ejus ac sectatorum, Prosperi, Fulgentii, Vigilii, Martyris, Rustici, Diaconi, Bedae, & qui tempora Ca­roli magni secuti sunt, Rabani Mauri, Bertrami, Pascasii, Falberti, Berengarii, Fulberti Discipuli, qui omnes dolo consecrati panis, & propiciatorio [...]acrificio missae se opposuerunt. Gasp. Penc. de Divinat. generibus, p. 211. Vide plura ibid. Et Gerhard. Confess. Cathol. l. 1. General. l. 1. par. 1. c. 4. In which respect the term of the Reformed Churches is very fit and godly, and the proceed­ing accordingly. Whereas the course of the Anabaptists, and all such as [Page 16] either begin all anew, or averre such Assertions as do necessarily imply it, is not only preposterous, but exceeding sinfull and erroneous. Johnsons Christian Plea, pag. 137.

Gerhard in his Catholick Confession, lib. 1. General. part. 1. cap. 4. saith, That Luther in his work of Reformation, Non fuisse novi alicujus dogmatis inventorem, sedantiquae fidei assertorem; nec fuisse novae Ecclesiae autorem, sed pristinae repur­gatorem. Junius noster dicere solebat, Papistas ita in fundamentis errare, ut à funda­mentis non aberrarent, cui ego plane assentio. Walaei Epistolae Antonio Walaeo Hugo Grotio.

Gerhard in his first General Book of his Catholick Confession, chap. 6. speaks of Luther the instrument of Reformation, and chap. 7. of the occasion of Reforma­tion, the immoderate extolling of the Popes indulgences, and the excessive gain of those that vented them.

The Prophet Zachary saith, The man whose name is the Branch, he shall build the Temple of the Lord: Because, 1. The Temple is Christs house, Matth. 16.18. Heb. 3.6. 2. Christ hath undertaken this work.

Id eo magis commemorabile est, quod Zuin­glius, & Lu­therus, & Cal­vinus qui sucrūt in Reformatio­ne principes, confilia inter se non communcea­runt. Zuinglius enim viam ad Reformationem in Helvetia affe­ctaverat anno integro ante quā Lutherus in Germania appa­reret. At conatus illius fama ad Lutherum non manaverat, & quum primum adversus Indulgentias praedicare incoepit, quid rerum istarum Tiguri gereretur penitas ignorabat. Calvinus utroque paulo junior, & exortus cum utriusque fama jam in Europa percrebuerat, non potuit quin de alterutro, vel de utroque aliquid inaudisset, antequam Pontificis Romani auctoritatem in Gallia convellere adoriretur. Neque vero negavit unquam quin signum ab aliis sublatum, & procul à se conspectum secutus sit. Amyrald de Secess. ab Eccles. Rom p. 44, 45. Anno 1553.6. Julii ex hac vita migravit Edvardus Angliae Rex, adhuc juvenis, Henrici octavi unicus filius, pius doctus, & optimae spei princeps. Hic patris sui inceptum ac confilium delendi ni­miam Pontificis Romam in Anglia auctoritatem, sedulo peregit, Religionisque statum, patriciorum & Senatorum Regni maxi­mè autem sui avunculi, Ducis Somerseti, Confilio reformavit, viros doctos, è media Germania evocabat inter alios Joannem Bucetum, Petrum Martyrem, Joannem Alasco, Emanuelem Tremelium, in quorum gratiam Belgis, Galiis, Italis propter Religione profugis, Templum Londini quod fuerat Sancti Augustini donavit, ut lingua patria profiteri possent refor­matam Religionem. Meteranus de rebus Belgicis. l. 1. Ante centum annos, reformationis novae opus aggressurus Christus non purpuratum aliquem praesulem, neque nominis fama florentissimos adhibuit Cardinales, sed Martinum Lutherum Monachum: Augustimanum, Thillppum Melancthonem, Graecae Linguae, in Accademia Wittebergenfi, Professorem, & duos infimi subl [...]llii sacrificulos, Huldricum Zuinglium, & Joannem Oecolampadium, suscitavit, Sculteti Concio Secularis de Evangelii Doctrina. Vbilegisset Albertus Crantzius Theses Lutheri, dixit: Se quidem eas approbare, sed tamen me­tuere ne tantis conatibus impar, à potente Papa supprimatur: Ideoque de Luthero ait, ô frater, abi in cellam tuam, & dic Domine miserere mei. Wolf. Lect memorab. Tom. 10. Cent. 115.This appears in the work of Reformation, because they which were the chief Reformers did not communicate their counsels to one another; and likewise if we consider the instruments, by Luther a Monk, and other mean men in Germany, and by Edward the 6 th a childe in England, and by a woman Q. Elizabeth, that such a glorious work should be effected.

Also if we observe how our cause from the beginning against the will of Empe­rours, and m [...]y Kings, maugre the malice of Popes, hath taken increase, and by little and little [...]pread into all Countreys.

Quibus armis obsecro vos intra annos 58. plus minus, expugnatum ferè est Anti­christi regnum in tota prope Europa: Regnum vero Christi longè lateque propagatum per homines imbecilles atque inermes, per Lutherum cum suis in Germania, per Zuin­glium in Helvetia, per Calvinum in Galliis, perque alios, aliis in locis, nisi vi verbi & Spiritus Sanctus, qui in ipsis locutus est, suasque exeruit vires, adversus omnem mundi, & Satanae potestatem? Zanch. Orat.

Cùm Deus initio Luthe­rum, & alios excitavit, qui nobis facem ad reperiendam salutis viam praetulerunt: & quorum Ministerio fundata sunt, & institutae nostrae Ecclesiae, dicimus ca doctrinae capita, quibus Religionis nostrae veritas, quibus purus & legitimus Dei cultus, quibus salus homi­num continetur suisse propemodum abolita: Diomus Sacramentorum usum multis modis suisse vitiatum & pollutum: dicimus Ecclesi. gubernationem in speciem foedae & nonferendae tyrannidis fuisse conversam. Calvinus de necessitate Reformande Eccle­sie, Nulla est major inter nos concertatio, & in qua nobis pertinacius reclament adversarii nostri, quam de justificatione: fide ne an operibus eam consequamur. Nullo modo patiuntur hunc Christo honorem tribui, ut justitia nostra vocetur, nisi in partem simul veriant oper [...]m merita. Non disceptamus hic de bonis operibus, an praestari à piis debeant, an accepta sint Deo, an mercedum apud cum habcant: sed an concilient nos Deo sua dignitate, an acquzramus eorum pretio vitam aeternam, an compensationes sint quae ad collendum reatum Dei judicio solvantur, an collocanda sit in ipsis salutis fiducia. Id. ibid.The Church of Rome was so unsound in Doctrine, and corrupt in worship, that it was no schism but a duty then to separate from it.

[Page 19]The means taken by the first Reformers for promoting the work of Reformation of Religion.

1. They searched diligently into the Word of God, They are fitly therefore called Evangelici, from their great respect to the Gospel, and the whole Scripture. and so discovered the er­rours of Popery. Their care was after to translate the Bible into vulgar languages, and to interpret it to the people, and illustrate it with ample Comments.

2. They were carefull to educate children in the Principles of Christian Religion and Piety. It is a piece of Luthers counsel, if ever you would have a good Refor­mation look to the Reformation of children.

3. They were ready to dispute with their Adversaries in all places, and speedily to reply to their writings.

Nonne tot disputationes Witembergenses, Ratisbonienses, Augustanae, Spiren­ses, Wormantienses, Bernenses, Possiacenae, Londinenses, Cantabrigienses, Ox­onienses testes esse possunt locupletissimae: quo animo, qua doctrina, qua veritate cau­sam Religionis nostrae propugnaverimus. Whitakeri ad Rat. primam Camp. Respons.

Chamier hath answered the Papists generally in his learned Panstratia Ca­tholica.

Bellarmine is well answered by Junius, Ames, Whitaker.

The Rhemist Testament and the Notes are well confuted by Cartwright and Fulk.

Casaubone hath written learned Exercitations against Baronius.

Bishop Morton, Doctor Fulk and Whitaker have answered the Treatises of se­veral Papists.

Rivet and Blondel and Moulin have answered Cardinal Peroon.

Bishop Vsher, Bishop Andrews, Bishop Ab [...] Doctor Prideaux, and others of our Divines, have stou [...]ly opposed other Papists.

The Reformed Religion is well defended by the English and French Divines. Some much commend three Epistles, that Epistle or Preface of Calvins to his In­stitutions: That of Casaubons to his Exercitations against Baronsus; and that of Thuanus or Guicchardine before his History. That of Calvins is a succinct and pi­thy Apology for the Protestant Religion.

Juels Apology was generally liked by the Reformed Churches.

Daillè, Croyus, Blondel, Jacobus Capellus, Amyrot, and Gentilettus, have written in French or Latine in Defence of the Reformed Religion.

4. They diligently compiled the Histories of those times and actions, and especi­ally Martyrologies of such as rendred by their deaths a testimony to that truth which was persecuted in them. Quod verò ve­terum doctrinam ita extollis, ut nostri temporis homines, neque pietate, neque eruditione cum ipsorum minimo conferendos esse censeas, id mi­nimè ferendum est. Nam quamvis nostra tenuitatis con­scii, id de nobis meritò possimus ac debcamus fateri, de multis tamen id, sine magna in Deum ingratitudine, & in homines injustitia dici non potest. Quam­vis enim Patres antiqui sua habuerint ad eruditionem subsidia, duobus tamen maximè necessariis ad solidiorem sacrarum litera­rum notitiam comparandam adjumentis, librorum copia & liuguarum doctoribus, caruerunt. Nam primum quum Cyprianus, Hieronymus, Augustinus ad scribendum accederent, pauca de Christiana Religione quibus uterentur, extabant, & [...]b de­scriptionis difficultatem rara & cara erant exemplaria: Nostrum verò seculum eò feliciùs est, quod plurima etiam ab illis Pa­tribus caeterisque paulatim sint conscripta, & typographiae (olim ignotae) beneficio, magna copia & tolerabili pretio comparen­tur: Adcò ut quae longo tempore & maximo labore à veteribus indagata sunt, ea cito ac facilè ex scriptis eorum possint addisci. Deinde verò quam pauci ex Latinis Patribus ullam Graecas lingua notitiam habuerunt, quam rari ex omnibus Patribus Hebraeae Linguae fuerunt pariti? quam pauca (ob librorum & fidelium praeceptorum inopiam) ad eam rem habuerunt auxilia, ex variis S. Hieronymis testimoniis apparet. Atque hinc factum est, ut à genuina Spiritus sancti sententia longius, praesertim in Veteri Testamento, laepius aberrarint. Nostris verò temporibus, Hebraei Graecique codices sunt in numeri & linguarum periti professores non pauci quorum beneficio ita sacrae literae illustratae sunt, ut quàm plurima, quae Patrum memoria erant obscura, luce clarius videantur. Gomari. Anti-Costerus, l. 2. c. 8.

As we ought highly to reverence the Fathers for their Antiquity, so in our times we owe much respect to many famous Writers, because by their most learned La­bours they have given great light to the right understanding of the holy Scripture. We have the same instruments which they had, viz. the holy Scriptures, and far greater help.

Zuinglius, Luther, Calvin, all those learned men are to be loved and highly honoured, as those that have well deserved of the Church; their Books are also to be diligently read, and to be preferred before the Volumes of many of the Fa­thers, as those which have more truly interpreted the minde of the holy Ghost then the Fathers, which have illustrated the Christian Doctrine brought out of darknesse with wonderfull perspicuity, have comprized it with wonderfull brevity, [Page 20] and explained it in an excellent method. Zanch. Prolegom. in Esaiam.

Ep. Andr Opusc. post de decimis. Some much approve of the Articles of Religion for Ireland. Illustres illi viri, nec unquam sine summa honoris praefatione nominandi, quorum Deus in religione restauranda, opera usus est.

Upon the view of the Doctrine of the Church of England, compiled by them in the XXXIX Articles, translated into Latine in the dayes of King Edward the 6 th, and sent abroad into the whole Christian world, it was said abroad, Puritas doctrinae viget in Anglia.

Deresormationis Genevensis hi­storica occasione. Vide Veidelii Epist Dedica. ad Commentarium De Tempore utrius (que) Episco­patus S. Apostoli Petri.For the first ten years of Queen Elizabeth, most of the Papists of England came to our Churches, prayed our prayers, heard our Sermons, and received our Sa­craments, untill by the instigation of the Jesuites, Pope Pius Quintus excommu­nicated Queen Elizabeth, and enjoyned all the Papists not to resort to our Churches. So they did in Ireland till 88, some Spanish Priests then landing there, told them, it was condemned in the Councel of Trent.

This is that Religion which (since the first Reformation of it, Anno 1. Edw. 6.) above one and twenty several Sessions of Parliament, as learned, as wise, as religious as ever were in this Kingdom, The General Assembly of the Church of Scotland appro­veth the As­semblies Con­fession of faith for orthodox. have allowed and approved.

M r Baxter in his Confession of Faith, Sect 41. saith thus of the late Assembly of Divines at Westminster; I so highly reverence that Assembly, that I think this Nation since the Apostles dayes, had never any that excelled it for Piety and Abi­lity: and Sect. 3. he much magnifies both the Confession of Faith, and the Short­er Catechism put out by the Assembly. I truly professe (saith he, Sect. 5.) I take the Labours of the Assembly, especially these three Pieces (the Confession of Faith, the larger and lesser Catechism) for the best Books, next my Bible, in my study.

What Kingdom in Europe is there which hath not yielded eminent Scholars, and famous Martyrs of the Reformed Religion.

France had Calvin, Farel, Viret, Sadeel, Daneus, Marlorate, Beza, Mornee, Chamier, Rivet, Peter du Moulin, Daillè, and many others.

Italy brought forth and cast out (because it was unworthy of them) Peter Mar­tyr, Vide Pezel. Mellef. Histor. par. 3. pag. 438, 439, 440. de progressu Evangelii in Europa, & Sculteri concio­nem secularem De Evangelii Doctrina. Zanchy, also Immanuel Tremelius, and Deodate.

Spain had John Diaz, Austen Cacalla, and also other Martyrs.

Germany had Luther, Melancthon, Joachim Camerarius and Chemnitius, Zuin­glius, Oecolampadius, Martin Bucer, Wolfangus Capito, Caspar Hedio, Musculus, Hyperius, Foster, Avenarius, Mollerus, Pezelius.

Helvetia had Bullinger, Gualter, Pellicane, Leo Judae, Aretius, Wolfius, Simler, Bibliander, Stuckius.

England was fruitfull of Martyrs and great Scholars, Barns, Rogers, Cranmer, Latimer, Ridlie, Hooper, Philpot, Haux, Bradford, Juel, Rainolds, Whitaker, Fulk, Perkins, Morton, Davenant, Twisse, Prideaux, and divers others.

Denmark brought forth Palladius, Hemmingius, and many others.

Semomislaus Polonorum Rex, filium habuit coecum qui die quodam cum visum gratiâ divina reciperet, Rex ab ariolis, quid hoc sibi vellet. sciscitatus est; cui responderunt: sicut hic filius tuus gratia Deorum est illuminatus, sic per eum Polonia brevi illuminabitur: quod & paulò post per lucem Evangelii factum fuit. Miesco enim coecus mortuo patre baptizatus, & Christianus factus, ad veram Dei agnitionem pervenit, & idola omnia è Templis ejecit. Hic Rex pius instituit, ut dum E­vangelium praelegitur, singuli virorum gladiis ad medium è vaginis depromtis testarentur, so propter Evangelium Christi ad mor­tem usque decertare paratos esse. Wolfii Lect. memor. Cent. 10. Polonia brought forth Johannes à Lasco. Servavit te huc usque Deus, ut sicut Lutherus suae Germanias, Zuinglius suae Helvetiae, Calvinus suae Galliae, ita tu tuae Poloniae sis Apostolus. Zanch. Epist. l. 2. ad illum.

Scotland was made famous by the Martyrdom of Patrick Hamilton, and by the Doctrine of John Knox, and Robert Rollock, Andrew Melvin, Cameron, Baronius, Forbes.

This may suffice to answer that calumny of the Jesuites, as if the Protestants had no Scholars amongst them.

The Papists call us Hereticks: This was ever an old and cunning trick of Pa­pists, and their fore-fathers, if any did complain of their errours and faults, and desired to have true Religion restored, to condemn such for Hereticks, as men new­fangled and factious. Bellarmin. lib. 4. de notis Eccl. cap. 4.

They reproachfully nick-name us Lutherans, Zuinglians, Calvinists, whereas we [Page 21] maintain not any private or proper Doctrine of theirs. They called us in England heretofore Lollards, either because they cried Lord, Lord unto their God, Nos inter haere­ticos reponit, & dicit nos vocari Martinistas, Lutheranos, Zuinglianos, Calvinianos. Nos autem, inquit, ab aliquo certo homine nemo unquam voca­vit. Notoriam injuriam nobis facit. Scit Lutherum quosvis graviter obtestatum esse ne suum usurpa­rent nomen. Scit neminem unquam se Cal­vinianum aut Zuinglianum vocasse, atque eorum imbecil­litatem impro­bari, qui hoc nomine gaudent. Vedel. exercit. in Epist. Ignat. ad Magnesios, c. 10. Judaei Romae vivunt summa libertate, & [...]hristum impunè vocant Impostorem & planum: hoc enim est inter capita Iudaicae Religionis. At si quis sacram Scripturam lingua vernacula legere ausus sit, aut aliquid mutire contra Purgatorium aut [...]mponationem Indulgentiarum, statim ut piacularis victima destinatur ignibus & inquisitorum judicio exquisitimis cruciatibus necatur. Molin. de Monach. temp. Pont. Rom. c. 7. as M r Fox saith in his Acts and Monuments, or rather from Lolium, which signifies Cockle, and such like weeds, whereas indeed they endeavoured to extirpate all pernicious weed: And them in France Huguenots, of which term, see Thuanus his History, Tom. 4. lib. 24. and Pasquiers Recherches de la France. l. 8. c. 55.

I will not rehearse the several opinions about the original of that word, because Heraldus a learned Frenchman saith, Vnde Huguenoti appellati fuerint, nec nos ad­huc satis liquido scimus. Animad ad Arnob. adversus Gentes, l. 1. As the Jews were in times past called by the Gentiles Sabbatarians in contempt; the Christians Galile­ans by Julian the Apostata, so now they which imbrace truth of Doctrine, began to be called Huguenots.

They term us those of the pretended Reformed Religion, whereas it is truly Re­formed according to the word of God.

They acknowledge themselves to be Papists, and from the Pope, and glory in the title.

Luther saith, Primum oro ut nomen meum taceatur, & nemo Lutheranus sed Chri­stianus appelletur.

They suffer Turks and Jews which deny and persecute Christ, but put to death those of the Reformed Religion who believe in Christ.

They say, that the Heathens (which had no knowledge of Christ) by their mo­rality may be saved, and yet deny that Protestants, who have a knowledge of Christ, and exceed them in their morality, may be saved.

Marcus Antonius de Dominis Arch-bishop of Spalato said in the hearing of some of our Bishops, Before God, and Christ Jesus my Redeemer, I will acknowledge from my heart, and professe openly, That the Church of England is a true and or­thodoxal Church of Christ. His shiftings in Religion.

The Papists urge two things much against the Reformed Religion:

1. Our divisions and differences amongst our selves, as Fitz Simons in his Bri­tannomachia ministrorum, in plerisque Fidei fundamentis, & Articulis dissiden­tium.

Secondly, The Novelty of our Religion, as if it were no ancienter then Lu­ther.

To the first, I might answer with Zanchy Epist. lib. 1. ad Dudith. Ausim equidem affirmare nullam essetantam inter Evangelicos in Doctrina de gratia & prade­stinatione dissen­sionem quam esscimer Jesui­tas & Prado. terminantes, quorum nunc Jansenius An­tesignanas esse videtur. Amyrald. de Successione ab Eccles. Rom. pag. 41. Mo [...] dissidium aliud inter Evangelicos ortum est, nonidem omnibus de coena Domini sentientibus. Zuinglius enim Tiguri substantialem corporis Christi in coena Domini praesentiam negavit; quam Brentius cum Luthero & aliis adservit. Duravit id certamen magno cum scandalo doctrinae annis aliquot: Ac ne­scio, an ulla res alia, magis causae obfuerit, cursumque doctrinae calestis impedierit, quam odiosum hoc à Satana excitatum bellum Sacramentarium: quod omnes pii doluerunt plurimum, & tollere atque componere studuerunt. Melch. Adam. in vita Brentii., That this is rather an Argument that we are the true Churches of Christ. For there are (saith he) three kindes of Churches,

1. Where God onely reigns without contradiction: This is the Triumphant Church in Heaven.

2. Where Satan only reigns: This is the Church of the wicked and Idolaters, such are the Turkish, Jewish, Popish Churches.

3. Where God truly reigns, but not without the snares and assaults of Satan. This is the true Church of Christ, which is called Militant. This alwayes fights with the flesh, the world, Hereticks, and the Devil.

The Confessions of Faith of the Churches professing the Gospel, having been long ago exhibited to the several Princes of the Countreys, States and Kingdoms, where these Churches are, are now of late very profitably published, to the con­viction of all such as slander the Reformed Churches to be variably distracted and [Page 22] rent in sunder with infinite differences of Faith. Travers answer to a Popish Treatise written to the LL. of the Councel.

Amyraldus de Secessione ab Ecclesia Romana, pag. 67. saith, The chief controver­sies inter Evangelicos, may be reduced to four heads,

  • 1. Concerning the Nature of the Sacraments.
  • Lavater hath written an History, De ortu & progressu controversiae Sacramentariae. See also his 3 d Decad of Ep. epist. 6. he saith in that Epistle, There is not one point in all Divinity (except those wherein we accord with them) wherein they all speak the same.
    2. About the Person of Christ, and the Properies of both Natures in it.
  • 3. How the Doctrine of Predestination is to be explained.
  • 4. What is to be held concerning the Providence of God, especially as it is con­versant about the ill actions of the reasonable creature, and shews there also how far yet they agree in all these.

D r Hall in his Peace of Rome, shews, That Bellarmine acknowledgeth and num­bers up above three hundred differences of opinions maintained in the Popish Church, and that Navarre confesseth near threescore differences amongst their own Doctors in one only point of their Religion.

There are many Sects risen since the Gospel was first published, but none are so guilty of division as the Papists, though they extoll their own Church for Unity. They unchurch all the Churches of Christ through the world besides themselves, the Greek Church and divers others. What a State were all former ages in before the Popes Supremacy was acknowledged? The pure and primitive times. The reading of the Scriptures in the vulgar tongue is condemned amongst them as a ca­pital crime in Spain and Italy, but allowed in England and France.

Albertus Pighius dissents from Cajetane, Thomas from Lombard, Scotus from Thomas, Occam from Scotus, Alliacensis from Occam. Their nominals disagree from their reals.

What difference is there between the Franciscans and Dominicans concerning original sinne in the blessed Virgin. Cardinalis Ca­meracensis, Gerson, Almain, Cusanus, Pa­normitanus, Cardinalis Florentinus, Abalensis, & alii dicunt. Cathol. Conci­lium esse supra Papam. Gerhard. Confes. lib. 1. General. part. 2. cap. 3. & 10. What difference among the Jesuites and other Papists, concerning Councels being above the Pope. The Jesuites hold, that the Pope is above a Councel. Bellarmine confesseth lib. 2. de Concil. cap. 17. parag. 1. that Proposition, That the Pope is absolutely above a Councel, is not simply de fide, and those are not Hereticks properly who hold the contrary.

The Pope in two Councels (those of Constance and Basil) was declared to be in­feriour to a Councel.

Ubi suerit Ecclesia ante Lutherum? in qua orbis regione vel angulo latuerit.2. For the other Objection, of the Novelty of our Religion, as if it were no ancienter then Luther.

I answer, there are books Lennards Luthers Fore­runners. Birbecks Pro­testants Evi­dence. Quòd novam appellant no­stram doctri­nam, Deosunt vehementer in­jurii, cujus sa­crum verbum novitatis insimulari non merebatur. Illis quidom novam esse minime dubito, quibus & Christus novus est, & Evangelium novum: sed qui illam Pauli concionem veterem esse noverunt, Jesum Christum mortuum pro­pter peccata nostra, resurrexisse propter Justificationem nostram, Rom. 4.25. Nihil apud nos deprehendent notum. Quod diu incognita sepultaque latuit, humanae impietatis crimen est: Nunc quum Dei benignitate nobis redditur, saltem postliminii jure suam antiquitatem recipere debebat, Calv. praefat. ad Instit. Nos novatores non sumus, sed vos estis veteratores, said Scaliger. Ac ferme verum est quod quidam magni nominis Theologi prodiderunt, omnia quae vera sunt, & quae nos cre­dimus, eadem à Papistis agnosci: sed addi insuper falsa alia, quorum quadam sunt talia, ut cum primis illis agnitis veris non possiut consistere unde sequitur, reducta religione ad ea in quae omnes Christianae Ecclesiae omnium temporum consentiunt, collabi Papisutum, ut qui conflatus fit ex privatis opiniobus. Wal. Epist. Antonio Walaeo. Hugo Grotius. Peter du Moulin in his Anatomy De la messe. l. 1. ch. 22. & 23. speaks sufficiently to this Objection. written to refute this calumny.

The Waldenses for divers hundred years before Luther successively opposed Po­pery, professed the truth of the Gospel, and sealed it with their bloud.

Campian in his third reason cals them Majores nostros. Vide Gerhard. Epist. Ded. ad Confess. Cathol.

Illyricus in his Catalogus Testium veritatis, and Wolfius in his Lectiones Memora­biles, & Reconditae. And Gerhard in his Confessio Catholica sufficiently refute this Objection.

Errours often lie hid under the venerable Cloak of ancient custom, Matth. 5.21, 27, 31, 33, 38, 43. But on the contrary sound and orthodox Doctrine is undeserved­ly taxed with the crime of novelty, Mark 1.27. Act. 17.19. therefore judgement is to be made of both by Scripture, Act 17.11.

[Page 23]Secondly, We may retort this Question on them, Where was your Religion be­fore the Councel of Trent?

Cardinal Contarenus holding the same with us for substance in point of Justifi­cation, and many of those learned and modest men which are reckoned for Papists, groaning under the corruptions of their Church, and desiring a Reformation of many abuses as well as we.

Bishop Jewels challenge of the Papists is commonly known, Nous sommes prests de sabir toute sorte de punitions, si en cinq cens ans apres Jesus Christ, & (pourrious descendre plusbas) il se trouve un seul homme qui ait en une Religion tant soit peu approchante de la Religion Romaine telle qu' elle est auiourhui. Anatomie de la Messe par Pierre du Moulin. l. 1. ch. 22. with which Peter du Moulin also accords.

There is rather a conspiracy amongst the Papists then true union: as on the con­trary, the difference amongst us is rather a diversity then a division, in circumstances or things of lesse moment, and among persons rather then generally.

We are reproached beyond Sea for our unsettlement in matters of Religion, and for the diversity of opinions and sects now in the Land.

Some amongst our selves also will be ready to object, That there are so many religions and opinions, that they know not which course to take.

1. Such should therefore take the Scripture onely for the rule of their faith and life.

2. They should study faithfully to know the plain meaning of the Scripture, they should reade it diligently, seek Gods direction, come to it not with forestalled con­ceits, but with love of the truth.

3. They should resolve to obey what they shall finde upon such diligent inquiry to be the plain minde of God beyond dispute. They should practice what all Chri­stian Sects agree in, they all confesse that God is above the creature, and to be pre­ferred before it, that the pleasures and profits of this world are far short of the glo­ry to come.

CHAP. VII. Of the Syncretisme of Religion, or of a friend­ly Reconciliation of the different parties amongst themselves. I met with this Question in the Archbi­shop of Canter­buries Manu­script. Cata­logue. An hoc tempore gliscentis vel po­tiùs grassantis tyrannidis Pon­tificiae Syncre­tismus & coitio fieri inter Ec­clesias Evange­licas de Coena Domini dissi­dentes adversus communem ho­stem debeat. Disputatio 4 to. Vidae Hottonis De Christiana Tolerantia, Tract. Sect. 3. cap. 3.

THey are Christians which professe Christian Religion, therefore those which either know not Christ, as the Pagans, or deny him to be the Savi­our of the world, as the Mahometans, or that contemn and blaspheme him, as the Jews, are excluded.

There are several opinions about this matter:

The first is, of those who hold, That whosoever they be who differ about Reli­gion so they be Christians, they may and ought to be reconciled and agree together in an Ecclesiastical Syncretism, so the Socinians, Libertines, Polititians, Machi­villians.

The second opinion is of those which denieth that Christians differing in Religion can or ought to be so reconciled. So the Papists, especially the Jesuites, think and teach, requiring a full consent with the Church of Rome, as that which cannot erre, and out of which there is no salvation, and cannot, nor will not bear these which differ. Hence it is a common speech amongst them, there is no other way to agreement, then by the receiving and approving of the Councel of Trent.

[Page 24]Many of those which professe to follow Luther, are of that opinion also, refu­sing to joyn with those which they reproachfully call Calvinists, unlesse they will receive the Augustane Confession, as it is wont to be explained by them, and the book of Concord.

Calvin in his Epistles speaks of his crossing the Seas wil­lingly, to re­concile the differences between the Reformed Churches: And King James sent to Peter du Moulin to come over hither into England to conferre with him about the method that it was fit to take for the reunion of all the Reformed Churches in Christendom, so often sollicited by Mounsieur du Plessis, See La Vie du M. du Plessis, lib. 3. pag. 403, 404. and his Memoires. Others also have laboured this way. Quid? Nonne vident dissidia nostra esse amicorum dispendia, hostium compenaia (ut cùm Hieronymo dicam) & publica irae divinae incendia. Junii praefat. ad Irenicum.The third opinion is of them who go the middle way between these extreams, and affirm, That there may be an agreement among those that differ in some Con­troversies, but not in others, These are the Orthodox Teachers of the Reformed Churches.

A universal conjunction is impossible, the rule of consent about Religion is only the word of God.

The enemies of Christian Religion are twofold, Open or Close:

Those openly oppose the Doctrine of Christ, and persecute his Church, viz. the Heathens, Mahometans and Jews; these treacherously and under the name of Christ, as Hereticks, but especially Arminians, Pelagians, and Pa­pists.

Altingius and others hold an agreement with both these unlawfull.

1 King. 13.21.To endeavour to soder different Religions and persons holding to their principles will make up but a medly and patcht Religion.

Dum Geor­gius Cassan­der Papatum reformare si­mulat: stabi­lit & commen­dat aeque, ac aporti hostes. Melch. Adam. in vita Ur­sini.As some in the Apostles time mingled Circumcision with Baptism, and the Sa­crifices with the death of Christ. This was the way which the great Emperour Charles the fifth took to reunite the two Religions in Germany, by the Tract called the Interim, which was composed by an Apostate Minister named Islebius. But it was opposed by the faithfull Ministers, and although out of fear it was admitted by some Princes and Commonwealths, yet it was soon abolisht. Circa idem tempus, monstrosus partus & toti Germaniae pestilens in lucem infelici sidere prodiit, quem In­terim seu inter Religionem Augustanam, nominarunt, cum edicto Caesaris: quo pro­mulgata est certa quaedam Religionis formula, interim servanda; donec universali Concilio ceacto, Religionis controversiae cognoscantur & tollantur. Melchior Adam. in vita Joan Wigand. Vide plura ibid. Et in vita Joan. Islebii & Brentii.

Castam Christi Sponsam decet casta concordia (said Doctor Sibbes in a Cle­rum) in Doctrine as well as Worship. Malefida semper fuit Religionum fer­ruminatio & publicis calamitatibus praevia, said the same Reverend Divine in that Latine Sermon.

The Samaritans (with their patcht Religion) retarded Christs work.

Some distinguish between Consent, and Concord, others make a difference between Consent, Differunt Con­sensio & Con­cordia: Haec enim Charitate, Pace, & sa­crorum Com­munione con­stat: illa opinio­num Consonan­tia. Perfecta Theologorum aut Ecclesia­rum in omnibus Consensio optanda potius quam speranda in hac vita Attamen etiam cum imperfecta judiciorum Consenfione potest esse vera, & pro hujus vitae modulo plena ac per ecta Concordia Rom. 14. Phil. 3.15, 16. Forbes. Instruct. Historico-Theol. lib. 14. cap. 7. Concord and Peace. Consent we call Unity in judgement; Concord, Unity of will and desire, peace, quiet and calme conversation, a life void of janglings, and free from tumults. There may be Consent without Concord; Concord without Consent, and Peace without both. Men may agree in their opinion, and yet differ in their de­sires; they may differ in opinion and desires, yet live in peace.

That there should be a mutual amity and forbearance amongst those, who differ in matters of Church-Government, or the like, but agree in the Fundamentals is most reasonable.

It is a Question, An Ecclesia Protestantium conciliari possit cum Pontificiis? Whether the Church of the Protestants may be reconciled with the Pa­pists? Non aliter sin­cera & cum essectu aliquo hono peragenda poterit praecede­re Conciliatio. Ante omniae Papa removea­tur, aut in ordinem Episcoporum redigatur, ut supra eos nihil amplius habeat potestatem praeter primatum ordinis, sed omnes inter se pares sint, ut ab initio introducti in Ecclesiam Episcopatus fuere. Ubi sic exequati fuerint postmodum etiam amove­antur omnes, non enim potest statim, & uno saltu omnium Reformatio perfici, & reducatur regimen Presbyterale, quale ab Apostolis ex Christi praecepto institutum fuerit, ne iterum resurgere inde tyrannis Ecclesiae posset rediviva, quae originem ab Episcopatu cepit, & in eo radices habet. Reducantur Sacramenta ad antiquum numerum, usum & modum, ut à Christo li­quet instituta fuisse, ab Apostolis esse celebrata, & à primitivae Ecclesiae hominibus per aliquot saecula observata, Doctrina etiam de his vetus restituatur. Simplicii Verini Judicium de lib. Posthum. Grotii p. 40, 41.

Roma irreconciliabilis was D r Hall's tenet.

[Page 25] Franciscus de Sancta Clara, Cassander, the Archbishop of Spalato, and Milli­tier, and other Conciliators there have been, but all in vain.

Gentilettus in his Preface to his Apologia pro Christianis Gallis Religionis Reforma­tae, saith well, Imprimis hoc verissimum esse statuo, inter Catholicos Romanos & E­vangelicos Religionis Reformatae, in multi dogmatum Articulis, & quidem praecipuis magnam esse contrarietatem. Nihilominus tamen in hoc omnes conveniunt, ut agnos­cant & profiteantur veritatem personae Iesu Christi in duabus naturis non confusis, nec non sanctam Trinitatem Patris, Filii & Spiritus sancti: amplectanturque omnes sanctam Scripturam Veteris & Novi Testamenti.

Though the Papists and we agree in these things, that we both acknowledge the Unity of the Person of Christ in two Natures not confounded, and the Trinity of the Father, Sonne and holy Ghost, and all the holy Scripture of the Old and New Testament, yet in many Articles of Religion we much differ, and chiefly in the Doctrine of Justification. Vide Whitak. de notis Eccles.

Some make the great difference between the Papists and us to be about the cor­poral presence of Christ in the Sacrament, and the Infallibility of the Pope.

It is a Question, An cura Religionis ad Magistratum Civilem pertineat? Christs insti­tutions are of his own ap­pointment, yet the Magi­strate hath a Ministerium, though not an Imperium here. He cannot make a Law, that this or that shall be a religious ser­vice, but he may reform and purge, and also preserve Religion. An sanè olim Imperatores Christiani, res quae ad Religionem pertinebant ad suam curam revocare sole­bant, piis (que) legibus doctrinam disciplinam (que) erroribus repurgare, ut purae integraeque in Ecclesia remanerent. Debet enim Princeps, Justiniano Principeteste, majorem euram habere eorum quae ad animae salutem pertinent, quàm Civilium Gentil. Exam. Conc. Trid. lib. 4. Sess. 22. Vide Gerh. Confess. Cathol. contra Pontis. l. 2. Special. partem 2 dam. Artic. 8. De Officio Magistratus in negotio Religionis. Whether any thing of Religion come under the Magistrates Cognizance, or belong to his care?

That it doth, appears

First, From the Nature of Christianity, it goes through his whole conversation, 1 Pet. 1.15. and reacheth to all his relations. A Heathen Magistrate or Parent is as truly a Magistrate and Parent, as a Christian Magistrate or Parent. Christianity gives no farther power but a higher Law. The name of Christianity lies in exercising it in all our relations.

Secondly, The Gospel is given for Nations, and is their great priviledge that receive it Magistrates ought to take care of all National priviledges, Rev. 11.15.

Thirdly, That which God hath promised to his people as a mercy, Ma­gistrates should labour to be, and fulfill in duty, Isa. 49.22. Psal. 2.11.

It is a great Question, An Magistratus plures Religiones in una republica tolerare debeat? Tolerantia di­versarum Reli­gionum quam perniciosa rei­publicae, so M r Fox in his printed Com­monplaces. Jactabimusne libertatem Con­scientiis per­mittendam esse minimè, & hac quidem libertas intelligitur, id est, ut quo quisque modo volet Deum colat. Est enim hoc merè Diabolicum dogma; sinendum esse unumquemque ut si volet pereat. Et illa est Diabolica libertas quae Poloniam & Transylvaniam bodiè tot postibus implevit, qua [...] nullae alioqui sub sole regiones tolerarent. Bezae Epist. 1. Whether it be lawfull for a Magistrate to tolerate many Religions in one Commonwealth?

Some give this distinction in the Doctrine of Toleration.

They put a difference inter Toleration & approbationem, a Magistrate must dis­countenance all corrupt Doctrines, and before hand, Dissensum suum publicè de­clarare debet. Religio non potest cogi, Religion cannot be constrained, and yet blasphe­phemies must be restrained. See Revel. 2.20. Hereticks should sure not be advan­ced to high places.

Toleration (intolerable Tolerationem) is the great Diana much cried up in these times.

[Page 26]Some think there is no love among men, unlesse they allow an universal Tole­ration of all blasphemies and heresies; We must distinguish between loving of mens persons and their errours, Ephes. 4.15. 2 Joh. v. 1, & 3. We should joyn grace and truth, and charity together.

Some give these Cautions:

First, If they be such Religions as do not overthrow the foundation.

Secondly, Nor such as disturb the Government established in the State or Kingdom.

Thirdly, If the Professors thereof be not factious, ambitious, or pertinacious, but honest, simple, tractable, obedient to their Superiours.

Some say, Take heed of two destroying extreams:

First, That of the Libertines, that all should be tolerated without limita­tion.

Secondly, Others, who would have liberty for none but themselves, and men of their own opinion.

For the Papists; They are not tolerated in Holland; The Jews are not only to­lerated, Les Catholiques seut les seuls exclus de la grace univer­selle, dont tous les autres jo­uissent, & n' ont aucun exercice libre du tout, quoy que leur nombre ne soit pas petit, & que ceux qui suivent cette Religion, soyent pour la plus part urais Hollandois & d' ancienne extraction, Les Delices De La Hollande Premiere, partie Chapitre xxiv. but have the publick exercise of their Religion, and their Synagogues, viz. at Amsterdam.

I shall not need (I hope) to say much against their Toleration, the thing is so grosly evil, and of that dangerous consequence to a Protestant State.

D r Downam Bishop of Derry preaching before the Lord Deputy and the State at Christ Church in Dublin in Ireland, Novemb. 26. 1626. produced the judgement of four and twenty Bishops (whereof only now the most reverend Primate of Ar­magh is living) against it. Whose reasons I shall here insert.

First, It is to make our selves accessory not only to the Papists Superstitions, Ido­latry, Heresies, and in a word, to all their abominations of Popery, but also (which is a consequence of the former) to the perdition of the seduced people, which perish in the deluge of the Catholick Apostasie.

Secondly, To grant them a Toleration in respect of money to be given, or con­tribution to be made by them, is to set Religion to sale, and withall the souls of the people, whom Christ our Saviour hath redeemed with his most precious bloud: And as it is a great sinne, so it is matter of most dangerous consequence; and be­seeching God to make all in Authority zealous of Gods glory, and the Advance­ment of the true Religion, resolute and couragious against all Popery, Super­stition and Idolatry, he said, Let all the people say, Amen, which they did with a loud acclamation.

It is a Question propounded by Helvicus System Con­trovers. Theolog. Quae Christia­nis cum Judaeis intercedunt. Elench. Jud. 8. & ult. Profecto excu­sari Magistratus Christianus non potest, si impunè eorum blasphemias horrendas in Christum, & S S. Trinitatem, totamque Religionem Christianam, diutiùs oculo connivente toleret. Id. ibid. Amongst Gregories Epistles, there is one De Judaeis non persequendis., An Judaei à Magistratu Christiano tole­randi, & quomodo tractandi? Whether the Jews be to be tolerated by the Christian Magistrate, and how they are to be handled?

He saith it is a perplex Question by reason of the different judgements.

He propounds first divers Arguments of those which hold they are altogether to be cast out of a Christian Commonwealth by reason of those horrible blasphe­mies, which daily both in their ordinary prayers, and in their speeches they belch out against Christ, the Virgin Mary, our faith, and all Christians in general, and for other reasons which he there alledgeth.

Secondly, He urgeth other Arguments, to prove, that the Jews are not to be cast out, but tolerated under the Christian Magistrate, because by that means many of them may be converted by continual converse with the Christians, and the Scripture seems evidently to confirm that, Hosea 3.4. Zephany 3.7. Luke 21.24. Romans 11.25, 26. And because they may be serviceable [Page 27] to them against the Pagans, and for other reasons.

He himself goes the middle way, and layes down his opinion in certain Propo­sitions:

First, It is better for Jews to live amongst Christians, then under Turks or In­fidels.

Secondly, The blasphemies of Jews are not to be tolerated, but to be prohibited and most severely punished by Christians.

Thirdly, The Jews are to be esteemed among Christians as the servants of ser­vants, that is so to be handled, that they are exiles and cast off by God himself. They are not to have any publick office. They are not to practise that unjust Usury, for which they are so infamous amongst Christians. They are to have also (said he) some outward mark in their garments, by which they may be distinguish­ed from others, and to be forced to hear Sermons. Many other Cautions doth he give in the receiving of them.

As for the Toleration of the Jews, whosoever they be that suffer the exercise of their Religion, with the blasphemies they commonly use against Christ, make themselves guilty of all their wickednesse, which the Lord keep this Land from, as well as from the abomination of the Masse. The Pope can tolerate the blasphemy of the Jews, and the filthinesse of all the Curtisans and Stews, and take a yearly rent of them for it, and for no respect will allow the exercise of our most holy Re­ligion, either in his own Dominions, or wheresoever he may prevail against us. Travers Answ. to a Popish Treatise written to the Lords of the Councel.

The End of the first Book.

THE SECOND BOOK OF Learning.

CHAP. I. I. Of the Dignity and Excellency of Learning.

THere are three kindes of things to be desired, One, That which draws us to it self by its own force, Non emolumento captans alique, sed trahens sua dignitate; as Virtue, Know­ledge and Truth. 2. Another, which is desired for fruit and profit, as money. A third, which draws us both by its own force and dignity, and by profit, the more to desire it, as friendship, and a good Name. Eccles. 2.13. Quemadmo­dum ratione homines à re­liquis animan­tibus, ita & li­teris homines ipsi ab homini­bus differunt. Qui igitur scribendo in commune bo­num aliquid proferrepotest, is quidem prae­star, quod pau­corum est praestare, propterea quod non omnium sit literas discere aut docere: tanto autem majore laude dignior est, quanto rarior est literarum scientia, quam aliarum vulgarium artium quibus humana vira continetur. Scalig. Proleg. in Canon Chronol Isag. Eruditio, plebeiis argenti: nobilibus aeuri: principibus gemmarum instar est. Gryn. Epist. l. 1. Epist. 14. Ut ager quamvis fertilis, sine cultura fructuosus esse non poreit: sic sine doctrina animus. Cultura autem animi eruditio est, quae praeparat animos ad satus accipiendos, eáque mandat iis, & (ur ita dicam) serit, quae adulta fructus uberrimos ferant. Citra cultum eruditionis non potest homo revera esse▪ quod audit. Coelii Sec. Cur. orat. De ingenuis artibus.

Learning is the perfection of reason, it was so prized by the Heathens, that they thought a learned man to differ as much from an unlearn­ed, as a man from a beast.

Humane Learning delivers the minde from wildenesse and barbarism.

Scilicet ingenuas didicisse fideliter Artes.
Emollit mores, nec sinit esse feros.
Ovid. de Pont.
Artibus ingennis, quarum tibi maxima cura est,
Pectora mollescunt, asperitas que fugit.
Ovid. ad Gracinum.
Nemo adeo ferus est qui non mitescere possit;
Si modo culturae patientem accommodet aurem.
Horat.

[Page 30]But the accent had need be put upon fideliter (as Sir Francis Bacon well ob­serves) for a superficial knowledge doth rather work a contrary effect. Ego benè literatos viros eo benigniores candidioresque semper expertus sim, quo magis & ingenio & eruditione polleront. Pier. Valer. Hieroglyph. lib. 23. cap. 4. He instanceth there in Pontanus, Antonius Sabellicus, Pomponius Latus, and shews how candid and cour­teous they were to all, and concludes, Jacobi Sadoleti nomen aetate nostra in modestiae a­biit appellationem. How much more effectual is divine learning? Esa. 11.9.

Secondly, It mitigates the fear of death and adversity. If a mans minde be sea­soned with the contemplation of mortality, and the corruptible nature of things, he will be ready to concurre with Epictetus, who going forth one day, saw a wo­man weeping for her pitcher of earth; and going forth the next day, he saw ano­ther weeping for her sonne, said, Heri vidi fragilem frangi, hodiè vidi mortalem mori.

Thirdly, The pleasure and delight of Knowledge and Learning far surpasseth all other pleasure and delight; Therefore the Egyptians, Caldeans, Grecians, Ro­mans, have so highly prized humane wisdome, that they were willing to undergo any labour or cost for the purchasing of it.

D r Halls 4 th Decad of Epist. Epist. 3.To finde wit in Poetry, in Philosophy profoundnesse, in Mathematicks acute­nesse, in History wonder of events, in Oratory sweet eloquence, in Divinity su­pernatural light and holy devotion, as so many rich medals in their proper mines, whom would it not ravish with delight?

Virtus ergo est, quae cla­ros, utiles & verè magnos facit. Atqui virtus quid aliud esse po­test, quam fuga vitiorum? Et quid fuga vitiorum, quàm Domi­nae parêre ra­tioni, pravos (que) animi motus tranquilla mo­deratione le­nire? At hoc quotusquisque est, qui sine disciplinis, si neque literis assequatur? Cur. Cal. Sec. Orat. in Nicol. Invithatum. Anti­quum fuit institutum eos honore numismatum decorare, qui vel doctrina▪ vel imperio caeteris antecellerent. Quar [...] Mitylenaei Sapphus imaginem numis impressere, Homerum Chii, auctore Strabone, Pier. Vat. Hieroglyph. l. 32. c. 8. Apud Graecos, literarum Professores statuis, donati reperiuntur, ut Demosthenes, Pythagoras, statua inaurata, vel ut alii volunt, lingua aurea. Nostra aetate primus Carolus quartus Imperator arma largitus est hominibus litera­tis, quique aliis in rebus egregiam novassent operam: vere enim Orator, Honos alit artes, omnesque incenduntur ad studia gloria Franst, lib. 2. De armis. Eoque libri puto ipsi monumenta vocantur quod ad memoriam ma­gis posteritatis judicaturae: quara ad ineptam praefentis temporis gratiolam spectare debent. Poli [...]. Praefar. ad Miscel.Fourthly, It doth perpetuate and immortalize ones memory.

Excellent to this purpose is that of Seneca, Nomen Attici perire Ciceronis Epi­stolae non sinunt: Nihil illi profuisset gener Agrippa, & Tiberius progener, & Dru­sus Caesar pronepos; inter tam magna nomina taceretur, nisi Cicero illum apernisset. Seneca Epist. 21.

Homers verses continued five and twenty Centuries of years and above, without the losse of a syllable or letter.

Vox audita perit, litera scripta manet.

The use of a good Book reacheth farre and lasteth long. Many more are instru­cted by Books then can be by speech, and every good thing is better by how much it more communicates it self. By Books we have conference with learned men de­ceased, and by these they instruct us as much as they did those with whom they li­ved together.

Fifthly, As the ignorance of the people, and the Authority of the Roman Sea increased together, Melch. Adam. in vit. Germ. Theol. & Gentilet. Exam. Concil. Trid. l. 1. Hoc nostro saeculo, ab anno M. D. ut literarum lumen majus accepit incrementa, ita & magis imminuta & labefactata est: Pontifici [...] autoritas. Maxima pars Germaniae, Regnum Anglicanum, Scoticum, Danicum, & bona pars Galliae, Helvetiae, Poloniae, jam ejus Imperii jugum excusserunt, multaeque aliae Christianae regiones ad idem faciendum paratae sunt. Gentiles. Exam. Conc. Trid. l. 1. so by the restoring of Arts and Learning, both ignorance, and the Authority of the Pope of Rome decreased. What did Reuchline, Erasmus, Pagnine, Arias Montanus, and others (though in other things Popish) suffer, for no other reason, but because they did labour to propagate the knowledge of the Tongues. So sad was the face of those times, Vt in authoribus lati­nis Graecè nosse suspectum fuerit: Ebraicè autem propè hareticum. Espenc. ad 2 Tim. 3.

[Page 31]Who doth not loath the memory of the Gothes and Vandals for the barbarism they brought along with them? See Antoine Du Verdiers Preface to his Bibliotheque. Et certè ex hi­storiarum le­ctione constat, paulò post B. Augustini tem­pora bonas liceras lingua­rum peritiam (necessaria Theologiae instrumenta) paulatim intercidere coepisse, Hunnorum, Gothorum, Vandalorum, aliarumque bar­bararum gentium (quae in fines Imperii Romani irruperant) vastationibus, Bibliothecarum incendiis, quas igne penitus abolere gens literarum Christianaeque religioni inimica enitebatur. Gentilleti Apol. Pro Chri­stianis Gallis Relig. Evang. cap. 19. Vide plura ibid. Et Sixtini Amam. Paraenesin de excitandis SS. Linguarum studiis. Therefore the names of such are precious who were means of restoring learning and knowledge, as in Italy, Hermolaus Barbarus, Picus Mirandula, Politian, Baptista Mantanus; in Germany, Renchline, Erasmus, Beatus Rhenanus, Ludo­vicus Vives; in France, Budaeus; in England, Linacer; in Spain, Antonius Ne­briffensis.

The ancient Greek and Roman Princes were learned, and by it their Noblemen were advanced to great honour.

Alexander the Great acknowledged himself as much beholding to his Master Ari­stotle, as to his Father Philip, for the one gave him his being, the other his well­being.

CHAP. II. II. Of the Vsefulnesse of Learning.

IT is usefull for Physicians, Lawyers, but especially for Divines. Ita hodiè ma­jori jure lin­guae Graecae peritia requiri­tur in medico, quam in juris­consulto; ma­jor etiam no­titia scientiae naturalis. At juriscon­sulto magis opus cognitio­ne historiarum & Phylosophiae moralis ac civilis. Theologum magis, quam jurisconsultum, aut medicum, Lo­gicis & Metaphysicis imbutum esse convenit, etiam magis illi necessaria est notitia Orientalium linguarum. Vossius de Rat. studiorum. Linguae Latinae cognitionem nostro seculo penè esse necessariam nemo ambigit, etsi enim & sine illa quidam non inutiles Ecclesiis fuerunt, cum tamen lingua illa totius Christianismi quasi quoddam commune sit vinculum, & omnes ingeniorum quos orbis Christianus hactenus produxit foerus, imprimis in hac nostra pro­fessione, lingua illa sint editi vel in eam traducti, mutilam valde cognitionem esse oportet, quae sine hujus linguae notitia habetur. Ut omittam, multum de ministri futuri aestimatione detrahi, qui aliquam saltem hujus linguae promptitudinem non comparavit. Reliquarum duarum, nempè Graecae & Hebraicae. u [...]ilitas est tanta, ut, cui Deus & tempus & ingenium largitur, sine maximo dispendio iis carere non possit. Quid enim jucundius quam Prophetas & Apostolos sua lingua loquentes audire? Quam Spiritus S. sensa ex ipsis fontibus haurire. Walaei Orat. de studii Theolog. recta institutione. Dolendum est quod Hieronymo defuit punicae linguae peritia vel Augu­stino Hebraicae. Nam si alteruter, aut Patrum quis alius caetera edoctus, linguam utramque calluisset, ex punica in Hebraicam potuisset transfundere, unde as [...]ulsisset magna lux non paucis Veteris Testamenti locis quae nobis sun [...] obscurissima. Bocharti Geog. Sac. l. 2. c. 16.

Languages, Arts and Sciences are great helps to the attaining of knowledge in Divinity.

1. A competent knowledge of the Languages, at least of the three learned ones, Hebrew, Greek and Latine, is very convenient, if not necessary, for one that would be a compleat Divine; Such see with their own eyes.

The knowledge and interpretation of Tongues is a very great gift of God, pro­mised by him in times past, Esa. 19.18. bestowed by Christ, attributed to the holy Ghost, Acts 2. Paul commends the study of Languages to the Church and all its members, 1 Cor. 14.

He which shall professe to be an absolute learned Divine without the knowledge of three tongues at the least, may think well of himself, but hardly he shall get and retain the credit he seeketh among learned men in this learned age. Doctor Fulk against Martin.

Non exigua fuit pars eruditionis in Origene, Epiphanio, Hieronymo, linguae He­braicae cognitio. Cham. Corp. Theol. l. 2. c. 2.

Jerom, Reuchline, Oecolampadius were famous for their skill in Hebrew, Greek and Latine.

[...]
[...]

[Page 32] Melchior Adam saith of Casper Cruciger, Ad priora exercitia lingua Latinae & Graecae, adjunxit studium lingua Hebraeae, ac omnes ita didicit: ut adcò familiariter ei notae essent, ac si nativa ipsi, non insititiae fuissent.

It hath been the custom in the Reformed Churches, to try the sufficiency of young Ministers by their skill in the original language, Seguimini laudabilem Galli­carum Ecclesiarum consuetudinem, ubi Theologiae Candidato, in utriusque Testamenti originali textu illud quod Praesidi Codicem aperienti se primò exhibet caput, legendum & interpretandum proponitur. An minor in Anglia, Germania, Dania, Belgio, Helvetia caeterisque Provinciis, linguas illas discendi commoditas? Sixtini A­mam Paraen. de excitandis, SS. Linguarum studiis. See Erasmus his Eccle­siastes.

How do the Schoolmen (out of ignorance of the Tongues) erre in the exposi­tion of the Old and New Testament, written in Hebrew and Greek, and what bar­barisms do they use in the Latine Tongue.

Octava nulli­tas Concilii Tridentini in eo vertitur, quod plerique omnes Episco­pi caeterique Concilii Praesules, quibus definiendi potestas erat, perexigua admodum eruditione praediti essent. Nec enim in sacris literis, priscorumque Patrum Canonibus ac Decretis, literisque Hebraicis, Graecis & Latinis apprime ver­sati erant, quas vix eorum quisquam à limine salutarat. Haec est Baldi Doctoris doctissimi vulgò probata do­ctrina, in subtilioribus & perplexis juris quaestionibus hebetiores rudésque literarum judices recusari posse, ut qui ejusmodi nodos solvere nequeant. Gentilet. Exam. Conc. Trid. l. 5.This is the eighth of the eleventh famous nullities which Gentilletus in his Examen chargeth the Councel of Trent with, viz. the illiteratenesse of many of their Bi­shops, and other Presidents of their Councel, in whom was the power of deciding Controversies, which the Papists cannot justly object against the members of the fa­mous Synod of Dort.

The ignorance of the Monks is grown to a Proverb, Monacho indoctior. Belluae immanis vox est, quòd Licinius Imperator & nominis Christiani persecutor, lite­ras dixit virus & publicam pestem. Bibliand. de ratione communi omnium lingua­rum, cap. 6.

The Grounds of the Greek and Hebrew tongue too are well taught in some Grammer Schools.

Fundamenta linguae Graecae in trivialibus docentur, quarum novi aliquot sic consti­tutas, ut quotquot ex iis prodeant, Novum Testamentum Graecum Grammaticè possint resolvere, novi Scholas, ubi fundamenta linguae Ebraeae, magno Ecclesiae & juventu­tis bono jaciuntur. Sixt. Am. Paraen. de excitandis SS. Linguarum studiis.

But saith M r Webster in his Academiarum Examen Pag. 6., It is not yet infallibly con­cluded which are the true original Copies (especially concerning the Hebrew and the oriental Languages) the Jewish tongue having been often altered and corrupt­ed by their several intermixtures with, and transmigrations into other Nations, or that they have been purely and sincerely preserved unto our hands. For Langua­ges change and alter as fashions and garments; Neither have we any thing to assure us in this point, but bare tradition and history, which are various, perplex, dubious, contradictory and deficient.

To this I answer, Who (but the ignorant) deny that the Hebrew Copies are the Original of the Old Testament. Were not the Scriptures of the Old Testament committed to the Jews? And was not the Hebrew the Jewish language? In­deed the Jews by their Captivity in Babylon learned the Chaldee tongue, and so some of the Old Testament, as Ezra and Daniel were written in that lan­guage.

Secondly, What if the Jewish tongue hath been often altered and corrupted, and generally languages change and alter like fashions and garments? Is that any rea­son why we should doubt of the sincerity of the Hebrew Copies? By this reason we must question the works of Demonsthenes, Cicero, and generally all others, be­cause the languages wherein they wrote was since altered.

Thirdly, Is there nothing but bare tradition and History to inform us of the ori­ginals, when as the originals themselves are extant before our eyes? And we may know them to be sincere, because generally all Copies throughout the world, though written at several times in several places do accord.

[Page 33]He objects further, Pag. 7. Knowledge of Tongues can but teach the Gramma­tical Construction, signification and interpretation of words, propriety of phra­ses, deduction of Etymologies, and such like; all which tend to no farther then the instamping of a bare literal understanding, and all this may be, the my­stery of the Gospel being unknown, for the letter killeth, but the Spirit gi­veth life.

To this I answer with Melancthon, Scriptura non potest intelligi Theologicè nisi prius in­telligatur Grammaticè. Melancth. If we understand not the signification of the words, how can we know the things signified by them? Whereas he opposeth tongues, and the Spirit, Subordinata non pugnant, If he will so rely on the Spirit, as utterly to exclude tongues, Why doth he make use at least of his mother-tongue for the understanding of the Scriptures? He saith there, He that understands the original tongues, in which the Text was written, conceives no more of the minde of God thereby, than he that only can reade or hear read the Translation in the mother-tongue. Yes, because the minde of God is primarily in the Original, and but secondarily in the Translation, in that the Translation is out of the Original, and doth no further contain in it the Word of God, then it doth agree with the Original.

He addes yet further, What difference is there between him that relies upon his Teachers skill, and he that relies upon the skill of a Translator, are they not both alike, since they are but both Testimonia humana, full of errours, mistakes and fallacies?

It is much that he cannot perceive a difference between these two: He that relies upon the skill of a Translator, relies upon it for that particular Translation which he doth make use of: but he that relies upon the skill of his Teacher onely, relies upon it for his general knowledge of the language which is taught him besides, no man hath need so wholly to rely on his Teachers skill, having many other means to know whether his Teacher rightly instruct him or no, as some have to rely on the skill of a Translator, p. 7. But he proceeds.

The errours and mistakes that still remain, and are daily discovered in all Transla­tions, do sufficiently witnesse mens negligence and ignorance, that in the space of sixteen hundred years, have not arrived at so much perfection, as to compleat one Translation.

This very reason which he alleadgeth against the knowledge of Tongues, Et sancta He­braea est lin­gua, & cuivis Theologiae studioso ne­cessaria. Etsi enim monu­menta Aposto­rum & Evan­gelistarum Graeca sunt: tamen phrasis est Hebraica. Itaque rectè dixerunt vete­res: Hebraeos bibere ex fonti­bus: Graecos ex rivulis: Latinos ex lacunis. Melch. Adam. in vita Graseri. Paulus linguarum genera tenere donum purat Spiritus Sancti, nos adeò ridemus, ut vix homine putemus dignum? Paulus divinationis muneri, vel anteponit, nos Sophisticis etiam nugis postponimus? Paulus gratias agit Deo, cujus beneficio tantum sibi bonum contigerit, nos eos, qui nobis tantum bonum etiam domi desidentibus è longinquo adferunt, circulatores vocitamus, & indignis modis tractamus? Pet. Mosell. Orat. de var. Ling. Cognit. Vide Crines. De Confus. Ling. cap. xi & xii. doth shew the necessity of it. For if errours and mistakes do still remain, and are daily discovered in all Translations, Is there not the more need of skill in the Originals, that so we may not be carried away with those errours and mistakes? And how should those errours in Translations be discovered but by skill in the Originals. But suppose that no mans skill in the Originals is so great, as to free him from errours and mistakes in translating, is therefore all his skill to no purpose? By the same reason all M r Websters preaching should be in vain, because he is not infalli­ble, but sometimes may mistake the meaning of the Scripture which he ci­teth.

I suppose it therefore very profitable for a Divine (which I think was Reverend M r Wheatleys usual practice) to reade daily a Chapter in the Old Testament in He­brew, and in the New Testament in Greek.

Illud enim volo, Theologiae studioso & verbi Dei ministro tantum semper debere esse à rebus aliis otii, ut quotidiè caput aliquod in utriusque Testam. Originali Textu le­gat, & quidem cum brevi succinctoque Commentario, vel Junii, vel Bezae, vel Piscat. vel Vatabli. Sixt. Amam. Consilium de studio Ebraico feliciter instituendo.

Secondly, The Knowledge of the Arts is also very requisite for a Di­vine.

[Page 34]Therefore Licinius and Julian envying such a good to the Church of Christ used their endeavours to deprive the Christians of the studies of them, most vain sports being set up in their room.

Christ at first (to shew the glory of his greatnesse) took and imployed Fisher­men, such as had no bringing up in Schools. But it was not long after, but learn­ed men came in apace. Learned men of all sorts, Zenas in Law, Tit. 3.13. Luke in Physick, 1 Tim. 4.11. Apollo with his Eloquence, Act. 18.24. Dionyse with his Philosophy, Urbs Tarsus clara Schola & Academia à Strabone cele­brata lib. 14. Divi Pauli patria. Neand. Geog. part. 2. Act. 17.34. Paul with his much learning, Act. 26.24. which he had at Tharsus, as famous an University for Asia, as Athens was for Greece. See 1 Cor. 14.18.

Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Aegyptians, Act. 7.22. which Nation was one of the most ancient Schools of the world. Salomon passed all the children of the East in their own learning, 1 King. 4.30. Daniel was brought up, and well seen in the cunning of the Chaldeans, Dan. 1.4.

First, All the treasures of wisdom and knowledge are hid in the Scripture, of natural and moral Philosophy, Numerorum imperitia mul­ta facit non intelligi, tran­slatè ac mysticè posita in Scripturis. Ac numerum & musicam plerisque in locis ac sanctis Scripturis posita, ho­norabiliter invenimus. August. lib. 2. de doct. Christ. cap. 16. & 38. Melancthon linguarum & artium studia com­paravit Cophinis, in quibus fragmenta panum colligi & reponi jubebantur, Matth. 14 v. 20. Cum sint adminicula, per quae doctrina coelestis commodè tradi, ad posteros propagari & contra adversarios propugnari possit. Gerh. Meth. Stud. I heol. of the Politicks, of Poetry, of History, of Ma­thematicks, Metaphysicks, and many of them in that one Book of Job.

How shall a Minister be able without some skill in Logick to analyze his Text? The whole Scripture abounds with Arguments, the strength of which one cannot perceive but from Logick, and how shall he be able to discover or confute the so­phistry and false reasoning of Hereticks without it. Cham. Corp. Theol. lib. 2. cap. 18.

Of the use of Logick in Divinity, See M r Gataker against Saltmarsh, Shadows without Substance, p. 20.

He may draw likewise excellent sentences, famous examples, profitable precepts from History and Philosophy.

The Scripture is full of Metaphors and figurative speeches which have profit as well as ornament. A great part of the whole 6 th of John is framed of such speech­es, how shall one understand the meaning of such places without some skill in Rhetorick?

Secondly, The knowledge of the Arts is requisite for a Divine to refute errors.

Chronologia & Geographia principem sibi locum vendi­cant in Theo­logia quia in sacris literis continetur praeter fidei morumque praecepta, etiam Ecclesiae historia. Est autem olim dictum, Histo­riae oculos esse Chronologiam & Geographi­am. Haec terrarum ambitum describens, locos judicat quibus singula gesta, adeóque quasi in rem praesentem de­ducit. Illa verò annorum saeculorumque seriem explicat. Cham. Corp. Theol. lib. 2. c. 18.The Socinians begin in Philosophical principles, and the Papists begin in Logick about accidents, when they would establish their Transubstantiation.

Zanch. de Tribus Elohim parte altera, cap. 1. reckons up this as one cause of heresie, viz. the ignorance of true and solid Philosophy and Logick, and the Li­beral Arts.

How many Chronological difficulties are there in the Scripture, which will not be resolved without some skill in Chronology. Compare 1 King. 6.1. with Acts 13.20. 2 Kings 24.10. with 2 Chron. 36.9. 2 Chron. 22.2. with 21.20.

Some say the holy Ghost did obscure some things in Chronology to sharpen mens wits.

Object. Colos. 2.8. Beware least any man spoil you through Phylosophy and vain deceit, [...], i.e. through the vain deceit of Philosophy, for either it did promise eternal life, or did not shew the true and certain way which led thither. So Grotius.

Some think he bids them beware of Plato's Philosophy, not of Philosophy in general, Neque Apostolus ad Colossenses veram & naturalem Philosophiam, sed ina­nem duntaxat & deceptricem damnavit. Zanch. ad Arianum Respons.

The learning of the Magi (who were skilled in the Stars and Bodies Celestial) [Page 35] hindred them not in their coming to Christ. The gold and spoils of Egypt, did the Tabernacle no hurt, which was hung all over with them.

Humane Learning may be lawfully used in a divine exercise, Some think it is a childish thing for a Minister to use exotick language in a popular Audi­tory from 1 Cor. 14, 20. four conditions be­ing observed.

The first concerns the end, the confirmation of faith, not vain-glory.

Secondly, If the prophanenesse or Ethnicisme in them be castrated, as Deut. 21.

Thirdly, That we alwayes so use humane learning as we give the Scripture the upper-hand.

Fourthly, That these citations of humane Writers, be used not as meat, Vide Sculteti Orationem De Conjun­genda Philo­logiam cum The [...]logia. We are debters (saith Paul) to the learned and unlearned. Zanchius in his second Oration, De con­servando in Ecclesia puro puro Dei verbo, shews, That there are only three necessary causes which happen but seldom, for a good Preacher; extra limites S. literarum, per scripta Poetarum & Philosophorum, aut etiam Patrum evagari, either by reason of the obstinacy of hereticks, which being not satisfied with the Scriptures, are to be convinced with other rea­sons and testimonies, or for the calumnies of the malevolent, which it is necessary to refell with other testimonies then those of the Scriptures; or lastly, by reason of the infirmity of some weak brethren, which cannot be wholly divorced from their old superstition, and be setled in the truth delivered, unlesse the same be also confirmed by the testimonies of the ancient Fathers. The Apostle Paul thrice indeed citeth the sayings of profane Poets, because they were fit for the matter which he handled, but he neither names the Poets, neither did he do it often (saith he) nor without good reason, but only mentions some short speeches of theirs, seldom, soberly, and as it were obiter, being compelied thereto, that the Gentiles by the sayings of Gentiles might be convinced. Therefore the Fathers do not so use the sayings of Philosophers and Poets in their Homilies to the Church, as in their disputations and books against the Heathens. but as sauce, sparingly. D r Chalon. Serm. on Tit. 1.13. Philosophandum est sed paucis.

Humane knowledge or learning is abused:

First, When we rest in it, lean not to thine own understanding, when we think to look into divine mysteries with the spectacles of nature.

Secondly, When we boast of it as our chiefest excellency, Jer. 9.23. Religion is the highest excellency, the truest wisdom is that whereby we know and enjoy the chiefest good.

Thirdly, When we oppose learning to the wisdom of Scripture, and confine God to the Laws of nature, 1 Cor. 1.23.

Fourthly, The naked Theory of divine knowledge, idle and unactive know­ledge, all knowledge is for practice, Prov. 14.8. Psal. 111.10. Deut. 4.6. Prov. 8.30.

Some times are more favourable to learning then others.

About the time of our Saviours coming, curious Arts, and other civil Disci­plines did most flourish. The Grecians sought after wisdom, and secular Philoso­phy, the Romans after Policy, State-knowledge and Discipline of wars. All the world almost (above others, those parts wherein Christianity was first placed) was then set upon curious Arts, yet the study and search of Scriptures in a short time devoured all, and brought them to acknowledge allegiance unto it. D r Jacks. Comment on the Creed Vol. 1. l 1. c. 3.

Wolfius in his Lectiones Memorabiles mentions the learned men of every Cen­tury.

Superstition and ignorance both together at the latter end of the ninth Century, as a thick mist dangerously invaded and possessed the Church, when the forging of Legends and Relicks, and such like trumpery was as common and highly esteem­ed as the Scripture, and preaching was discountenanced, and utterly out of use.

Some places also are more propitious to learning then others.

Athens in Greece, of which see afterwards. Basilea omni­bus tempori­bus produxis viro [...] doctrina, sapientia atque eloquentia maximos. Neand. Geograph parte. 1 2. Prodierunt ex Sicyone quemadmodum Athonis multi tiri praestant [...]s i [...] omni artium ac doctrinarum genere. Id. ibid.

Corduba in Spain is celebrated also this way. It was the Countrey of Avicenna, and Averroes and Razis, and of Seneca Ner [...]os Master, and Lucan the Poet.

[Page 36]
Duosque Senecas, unicumque Lucanum
Facunda loquitur Corduba—
Martial.
Barbara quinque viris gratatur Iberia, Marco,
Lucano, Fabioque & geminis Senecis,
Qui nugis, versuque, togâ, sophiâ, atque Cothurno
Clarent: quid majus Roma superba dedit?
Steph. Pasch. Icon.

Many of the Fathers were Africans.

Vna etiam Optatos, Cyprianos, Tertullianos,
Atque Augustinos Africa terra tulit.
Edidit haec sancto miracula quatuor orbi.
Nempè aliquid semper gens alit illa novi.
Steph. Pasch. Icon.

Devonshire in England.

Carpenter in the second part of his Geog. cap. 15. reckons up these famous men of the West for Arts and Learning, Jewell, Raynolds, Hooker, Sir Walter Raw­leigh, Sir Francis Drake, Sir Richard Greenvill, Sir Thomas Bodley, D r Holland, Hackwell, Prideaux, Justice Doddridge, William Noy.

Essex hath been fruitfull of good Divines, the younger Hooker, Dent, Fenner, the two Dikes, many Rogers.

Naples in Italy.

Virgil the Prince of Poets lived in Naples, Livie, Horace, Claudian, Francis Petrarch, who was very intimate with Robert King of Naples, Antonius Beccadel­lus sirnamed Panormitane, an excellent Orator, Laurentius Valla, the Refiner of the Latine Tongue, Porcellus a most elegant Poet, Blondus a studious searcher of all Antiquity, Bartholomaeus Facius, Nicolaus Saguntinus, all most excel­lent men.

Many Divines and Philosophers, among which were Ferrandus Valentinus, Michael Epilamius, Qui tres po­stremi ex or­dine praedica­torum Mo­nachi doctissimi fuere. Leand. Alb. Descript. tot Ital. in Campania. Aërem urbs permollem & placidissimum habet, agrum jucundissimum, quae seilicet multis oli [...] Romanis Imperatoribus virisque Senatoriis at item literatum studiosis huc animi quietisque causa secedendi occasio fuit. Id. ibid. Vide plura ibid. Joannes Solerius, Joannes Cardona, Henricus Panormitanus, Petrus Rassanus, Hieronimus Monopolius, and Jacobus Mantuanus.

CHAP. III. Of the Liberal Arts and Sciences.

AN Art is a Collection of universal precepts prepared to know, act or work in some certain latitude of end. Ars est rei cu­jusque scien­tia, usu, vel traditione, vel ratione praece­pta, tendens ad usum aliquem vitae necessarium Bibliand. de rat. Comm. omnium ling. Ars est collectio universalium praeceptorum parara ad cognoscendum, agendum, vel operandum, in certa aliqua finis latitudine. Ludov. Viv. de tra­dend. Discip. lib. 1.

Nataram aemulatur aers, sed non planè assequitur, saith Bibliander, as we may see in painting and many other works.

All Arts are distinguished by the end not the matter.

Seneca Consolatio­ne ad Marci­am. cap. 18. Gen. 4.21, 22. The knowledge even of mechanical Arts ought to be referred to God the Authour, as the very Gentiles by the light of Nature were forced to confesse, and the Scripture witnesseth in the builders of the Tabernacle of Moses, and of Solomons Temple. distinguisheth Arts into three kindes, some which instruct the life, others which adorn it, others which rule it. The mechanical Arts instruct the life. Liberal Arts are properly those which become free and ingenuous men, which re­quire understanding, not the operation of the hands.

[Page 37]They are called Liberal Arts, because they are worthy of a Freeman, Artes ingenuae seu liberales idcirco appel­latoe sunt, quod libero ac in­genuo sint ho­mine diguae: sive quòd li­beros suos se­ctatores effici­ant, & in fasti­gio rerum hu­manarum qua­si reges collocent & reponant. Cael. Secund. Cur. Orat. de ingenuis artibus. Latini artes vocant liberales tanquam libero homine dignas. Voss de Philol. cap. 1. Sunt artes universae in duo genera distribu [...]ae: in Logicas & Mathe­maticas. Logicas appellarunt quae in sermonis ratione versantur: Mathematicas, in quantitate. Quantitatis au­tem duplex genus fecerunt, aliud dejunctum, aliud conjunctum. Dejuncta ad numeros pertinent, ex quibus ea disciplina manavit, quam Arithmaticen dixere. Quemadmodum ex conjunctis Geometria, in qua lineamenta, formae, intervalla, magnitudines versantur. Porro numeri ipsi ad harmoniam translati, Musicem pepererunt, ea enim numeros, voces, & modos continet. Geometriae facultas ad res coelestes accomodata, nobis dedit Astro­logiam, in qua Coeli conversio, ortus, obitus, motúsque siderum considerantur. Rursum eadem ipsa Geometria ad vim cernendi traducta, Opticen produxit, quae causas affert cur oculi interdum vivendo decipiantur, cùm aut majores, aut minores, quàm sint res, esse videantur. Ex hac vero & ipsa Geometria, pingendi ars orta videtur, quam veteres inter liberales numerabant. Caelii Secun. Cur. Orat. de ingen. art. and inge­nuous, as if only ingenuous persons should learn and exercise them.

It is a received opinion, That there are seven Liberal Arts, three concerning speech, Grammer, Logick, Rhetorick, four concerning Quantity, Geometry, Arithmetick, Musick, Astronomy, which the Grecians call Mathematicks.

Gram: loquitur, Dia: vera docet, Rhe: verba colorat
Mus: canit, Ar: numerat, Geo: ponderat, Ast: docet astra.

[...], dicitur, quasi [...], that is, the circle of the Arts, which was wont to be accounted by the number of the seven Liberal Arts.

Ric. Vitus Basingstock in his fifth Oration De studiorum finibus, saith, All Arts and Sciences are but ten, the seven Liberal Arts before-mentioned, and three more, Ethicks, Physick, Metaphysicks, into which all Philosophy is di­vided.

Sir Francis Bacon Advancem. of Learning, l. 2. cap. 1. Qui autores in singulis arti­bus legendi sint. In Gramma­tica Diomedes, Perottus Valla: in Dialectica Aristoteles: in Rhetorica, Cicro & Fabium praecipul. In Astrono­mia legendi Proclus & Aratus, nam apud Latinos pauci de ea docte scripsere. Si altiora spectes, adjungere potes Ptolomaeum. In Astrologia Julius Firmicus, qui caeteris elegantius & verius artem tradidit. In Cosmographia, Ptolomaeum: In Geographia, Pomponium Melam: In Geometria Euclideu censeo perdiscendos. Ringelbergius De ratione studii. saith, That is the truest Partition of humane Learning, which hath reference to the three faculties of mans soul, which is the seat of Learning. History is referred to Memory, Poesie to the Imagination, Philosophy to Reason. Theology also or divine Learning (saith he) consists either of sacred History, of Parables, which are a kinde of divine Poesie; or of Precepts and Doctrines, as an eternal Philosophy.

There are three Organical Arts, and Arts concerning speech. Grammer, Grammatica à [...] scribo dicitur Synec. dochicè, quia voce tam scri­ptâ quam pro­latâ ad sensa animi proden­da uti consue­vimus. Amesii Technometria. Grammatica dicitur, voce quidem Graeca, sed tamen Romana olim jam civitate donata: quam tamen puerilem doctrinam, & literarum scientiam Ciceronem, literaturam Quintilianum sequentes possumus appellare. Cael. Sec. Cur. Orat de ingenuis artibus. Vide Polyd. Virg. De Juveat rerum, l. 1. c. 7. Gramma­tica est rectè scribendi & loquendi ratio. Gra [...]. Graec. ling. Spicil. Grammatica Graeco nomine de literis dicitur, id­circo à Quintiliano literatura transfertur in latinam vocem, apertam quidem illam, sed non perinde receptam. Lud. Viv. de caul. corrupt. Art. l. 2. Grammatica est scientia instrumentalis, qua dirigimur congruè ap. éque, proprie & concinnè loqui in omni idiomate, Hebraeo, Graeco, Latino, Anglico, Gallico, &c. Instrumentum est, & quidem omnium primum discendis scientiis. Crakanth. Log. l. 2. c. 13. Habet & ista doctrina quam Grammaticam vulgus vo­cat; ne (que) tamen intelligit. Habet, inquam, & vetussissimos suo [...] vindices, Linum & Palamedem, & Cadinum, & alios. Volebam nescius ne estes eam à maximis viris non solum cultam sed etiam excultam fuisse. Qui enim de ea libros reliquerunt maximi v [...]i, etiam in aliis studiis fuerunt, Crates, Aristophanes, Nicander, Callimachu. Apollonius ille Rhodius, Chrysippu [...], alii Heroes magni Jos. Scalig, Francisco Vertuniano inter opusc. Vide plura ibid & Herald. Animad in Salmas. observ. Ad. Jus A [...]t. & Rom. l. 2. c. 22. Inter Graecos Grammaticos nemo non primum locum tri­buit Theodoro Ga [...], proximum mea sententia, Constantinus Lascaris sibi jure suo vendicat. Inter Latinos vetu­sti [...]s, Diomedes. Inter recentiores haud maltum video discriminis, nisi quod Nicolaus Perottus videtur omnium diligentissimus, citra superstitionem tamen. Eras Deratione studii. which shews what should be spoken, and with what Reason; Rhetorick which is for Or­nament; and Logick which is for Argument and proof.

Some call these three general Arts, because they have their use in all things and Arts.

I. Grammer. It hath its name from letters.

This is as it were an usher to other Sciences, a place not very honourable, yet [Page 38] necessary, it is an Antidote against that malediction of the confusion of Tongues, Polyd. Verg. It is an Art of speaking well.

Others adde, and of writing, but in vain, when writing happens to speaking. Its end is to speak well, the means conducing to this end are the rules of classical writers founded on use.

That which is commonly called Orthographia, is better called Orthocepia, because speaking was before writing, which happens to speech.

The beginning of this Art and Rhetorick (saith Suetonius l. de grammat.) was thus, by the observation of those things which were either fit or unfit in speaking, men noting those things either to imitate or shun them, made this Art. Austin saith, That there were Grammarians among the people of Israel in the time of Moses.

That would be a most excellent kinde of Grammer, if some man skilfull in ma­ny Languages, as well learned, as mother-tongues, should write a Treatise of the divers Proprieties of Languages; shewing in what points every particular Language doth excell, and in what points it was deficient.

Despauterius was a famous Latine Grammarian, Clenard a Greek one, John Isaack an Hebrew one. Our Linacer also was a special Grammarian, and his books de Emendata Structura have much conduced to expell barbarism.

Gerardius Vossius hath put out a most learned and elaborate book De Arte Gram­matica, and another De vitiis Sermonis.

Nuncupantur autem triviales scholae quasi vulgares, & in triviis consti­tutae: quomo­do nomen id nulli Scholae, ad Latinas, Graecasque literas discen­das publicitus constitutae conveniat: quae rarò in triviis erectae: quin fere una duntaxat etiam in magnis est urbibus, vel potius inde trivialibus Scholis nomen fecerunt majores, quod in his tres artes, Grammaticen, Rhetoricen, Logicen, do­cerent. Nam eas trivium dixere: ut quadrivium, quatuor artes Mathematicas; Arithmeticen, Geometriam, Astrologiam, & Muficen: quòd ex Cassiodoro cognoscimus. Voss De vitiis Sermonis l 1. c. 26. Quòd Philoso­phi, quòd Medici, quòd jure consulti, quòd omni literarum genere plerique exculti sunt, huic uni acceptum refe­runt omnes: Siquidem per unam Grammaticen, ad omne disciplinarum genus gradum fieri necesse est. Nam ut in aedificiis videmus, nisi solida firmáque constiterint fundamenta, labefactari omnia divuliáque ruinam trahere: sic in disciplinarum profectu, nisi quis puri dilucidique sermonis doctrinam solidè substruxerit, frustra caeteris in sudabit? Cael Sec. Cur. Orat in Nicol. Invitiat. nobil. Grammat.Trivial and Grammer Schools are to be respected and encouraged, because they are the Nurseries of Learning, there the foundation being well laid, young plants thence removed to the publick Universities, well furnished with that kinde of Learn­ing, may prove eminent instruments in Church or State.

Grammer challengeth the first place to it self, and boyes are to learn both the Greek and Latine Grammer. Non modo quod his duabus linguis omnia fermè sunt prodita quae digna cognitu videantur, verùm etiam quod utraque alteri sic affinis est, ut ambae citius percipi queant conjunctim, quam altera sine altera, certè quam Latina sine Graeca. Erasm. De Ratione Studii [...].

For the pure Greek writers, Erasmus commends chiefly Lucian, Demosthenes, Herodotus; and of the Poets, Aristophanes, Homer, Euripides. For the Latine (saith he) Quis utilior loquendi antor quàm Terentius, purus, tersus, & quotidiano ser­moni proximus, tum ipso quo (que) argumenti genere jucundus adolescentie. Huic si quis ali­quot selectas Plauti Comaedias putet, addendas, quae vacent obscaenitate; equidem nihil re­pugno. Proximus locus erit Virgilio, tertius Horatio, quartus Ciceroni, quintus C. Caesa­ri. Salustium si quis adjungendum arbitrabitur, cum hoc non magnopere contenderim, at (que) has quidem ad utriusque linguae cognitionem satis esse duco Erasm. De ratione studii.

Logica, est Scientia in­strumentalis quâ dirigimur argumentari vel ratiocina­ri, seu Argu­menta recte contexere. Crakanth. Log. lib. 2. cap. 13. Logicam Aristoteles & invenit, & ita excoluit, ob­solvitque, ut in his mille annorum spaco, nihil in his vel addi à quoquam possit, vel demi. Crakanth Logic. lib. 4. cap. 4. Instrumentalis propriè Logica dicitur: Quae ideò [...] ab Aristotele appellatur, quia praeceptis & regulis suis dirigit mentem hominis in indagatione ac cognitione rerum. Wal. Eth. Chrysippus Stoicus Philosophus in dialecticis tam subtilis & acutus, ut in Graecia vulgo jactarecur, si Dii dialecticis uterentur, non aliis, quam Chrysippeis usuros esse. Rami undecima oratio in librum De Fato.II. Logick. It is the most universal of all Arts.

It is usefull for all Sciences. It is ingeniorum lima & cos.

The proper formall object of it is Reason, its adequate end to dispute well.

The duties of a Logician, are either general, as that which is comprehended in [Page 39] the definition of Logick, to reason well; or special, as those which be contained in the distribution of Logick, to invent well, and to judge well.

Logice dirigit intellectum in cognitione veri: praecipuaque ejus instrumenta sunt ar­gumentatio, definitio, divisio, methodus. Gerard. Joan. Vos. De Studiorum ratione parte priore.

Zeno the Stoick said, Rhetorick was like the palm, or the hand stretcht out, Logick to the fift, he might have said more fitly (saith Ludovicus Vives De Caus. corrupt. Art. lib. 4. Dialectica est ars benè disse­rendi, id est, rationes rerum benè discernendi, & inter se componendi. Ames. Demonstrat. Logicae verae. Thess 1. Opus praecipium, Syllogismus, Demonstrativus. Savil. Lect. 12. in Euclyd.) that the Logician collects an Argument for the subtill examination of the learned, but the Rhetorician applies it to the popular sense, for the Oratour often more briefly collects then the Logician.

III. Rhetorick is a speech dressed with certain allurements proper to please and perswade. Rhetorica sci­entia est orna­tè, distinctè, aptèque dicen­di. Cel. Sec. Cur. Orat. De Rhet. usu. Oratori pro­positum est quod est per suasibile, Poe­rae admirabile, Historico ve­rum. Stradae Prolas. Hist. 3. part. 2.

Tully saith, The absolute praise of an Oratour is three-fold, Docere, Dele­ctare, Movere; Docere debitum est, Delectare honorarium, permovere necessarium.

The great virtue of an Oration is perspicuity, Omnis oratio tres habet virtutes, ut emendata, ut dilucida Oratio cu­jus summa virtus est per. spicuitas, quam sit vitiosa, si egeat interprete. Quintil. Institut. Orat. lib. 1. cap. 6. Rhetorica à [...] vetere Graeciae verbo, quod est fluo, vel dico, dicta esse videtur, quod sermonis ornatum & copiam quandam aurei fluminis instar polliceatur. Oratoriam artem Cicero & Quintilianus, duo hujusce artis lumina hanc dici posse docuerunt, candem tamen ferè definientes, benè dicendi tum artem, tum facultatem, tum doctrinam, tum rationem vocitarunt. Nihil aliud est eloquentia, nisi copiosè loquens sapientia. Et benè dicere, non est ornatè tantum, sed scienter & peritè, simul & ornatè dicere. Praeclarè enim, ut omnia, illud dixit Orator: Ex rerum cognitione efflorescat & redundet oporter ora­tio: quae, nisi subest res ab Oratore percepta & cognita, inanem quandam habet elocutionem, & penè puerilem. Ut enim sine lumine corpora cernere non possumus, ita sine eloquentia nemo sensa & cogitationes suas in lucem aptè proferre potest. Quod sol mundo hoc eloquentia caeteris doctrinis est, sine hac non artes modò aliae, sed res omnes, quae quidem sint dictione explicandae, in altissimo tenebrarum caligine versarentur. Cel. Sec. Cur. Orat. De ingenuis artibus., ut ornata sit. Quintil. Instit. orat. l. 1. c. 5.

Nazianzene in one of his Orations saith, He affected Rhetorick so much, be­cause he had some thing of value to esteem as nothing for Christ.

Nemo te, nisi tu, exprimere rectè valet.

None is able to set forth eloquence but it self. This hath immortalized Pla­to, Demosthenes, Cicero, Homer, Virgil, Herodotus, Thucydides, Livie, Salust.

Cùm Ciceronem dico, ipsam Romanam eloquentiam intelligere debetis. Cùm verò libros de oratore, opus in ea facultate putatote, quo opere nullum nec Graecia, nec Ita­lia melius aut perfectius unquam habuit. Cael. Sec. Cur. Orat. de ingenuis artibus. Vide ejus orat. De Rhetoricae usu.

Quintilian makes it a chief end and fruit of long pains and exercises in the Art of Rhetorick, to attain to such a faculty, Eloquentia maximè in liberis civita­tibus flo­ruit, velut Athenis & Romae, quod is certissimus esset gradus ad maximos honores ac potentiam. Ludov. Viv. de causis corrupt. art. lib 1. Menilius verò incompa­rabilis tunc eloquentiae vir, & quod summae prudentiae suit, iniquioris caussae nusquam defensor, tanto nativi sermonis candore, tanta sententiarum ubertate Patrum animos demulcebat, ut eos in quam optaret partem ferè flecteret ac impelleret. Seaev. Samarth. Elog. Gallorum doctrina illustrium. l. 2. as to be able also upon any sudden occa­sion to speak pertinently without any premeditation.

What an inchanting force hath Rhetorick? One had need of the force of De­mosthenes, or rather, that divine eloquence of Tully, to set forth the due praises of eloquence.

Pierius Valerianus observes in the 26 Book of his Hieroglyphicks, that sweet eloquence is signified by the Hieroglyphicks of the Bee. Bees setled on Plato's lips when he was a childe sleeping in the Cradle, a presage of his future eloquence. The same is reported of Ambrose and Pindar.

The same Pierius in the 41 Chapter of his 20 Book of Hieroglyphicks saith, Wise men did put Syrens for the Hieroglyphick of Eloquence, and the perswading force [Page 40] of Rhetorick, whence that saying of Cato the Grammarian, Cato Grammaticus, Latina Syren.

CHAP. IV. Of the Mathematicks.

THe Mathematicks are so named, because they are not learned without a teacher. Mathesis à [...] di­ [...]co, quod hanc prae reliquis pueri olim di­scebant. Ex­plorandae [...]o­rum indolis & ingenii ergo. Ames. Techno­met. Mathemata quod sine prae­ce tore perci­pi nequeant, dicta sunt. Exinde scientiae Mathematicae dicuntur, quia primitus solae discerentur, antequam animum adpelle­rent ad Philosophiam naturalem, vel civilem. Vossius de Mathemat. Mathematicas disciplinas omnium accura­tissimas & utilissimas multis probat Plato in Philaeo. Ideoque primas has artes apud Graecos, tanquam doctrinae quaedam rudimenta discebant, quia scilicet ad reliquas scientias aditum aperiunt; Nam & ingenia acuunt eorum­que solertiam augent, ad rerum contemplationem excitant, & celeritatem quandam percipiendi conciliant. Et quoniam imitatione percipiuntur, aptae puerilibus animis qui eâ potissimùm ducuntur. Joan. à Wovver. De Po­lymathia. Tractat. cap. 23. Non solùm in demonstrationum certitudine & scientiae pulchritudine: sed & veritate multiplicique cognitionis copia reliqua artium genera longè antecellunt hae disciplinae, adeò ut non immerito ob id Mathematicae, quasi solae disciplinarum nomine, ob excellentiam, dignae à veteribus appellatae sint. Tych. Brah. Orat. de Discipl. Mathem. Vide Joannis Pellii Orat. inaugural.

When Alexander bad his Mathematick master make his lessons easier to him then in his ordinary way to others, he answered him well, The Ma­thematicks were alike difficult to all.

The ancient Philosophers taught their Pupils Mathematicks very soon, as appears by Aristotle and others, they confirming their Propositions by mathematical demon­strations, the knowledge whereof must be presupposed. See Tych. Brah. Orat. De Discip. Mat.

The Mathematicks are a most accurate and profitable study for the evidence and certainty of their demonstrations.

Abraham was famous for teaching the Mathematicks first among the Chaldeans, and after he taught the same Arts, as Historians write.

The old Mathematicians drew their proportions in dust with a Compass, the bet­ter to shew what they would. De natura Deorum. Pers. [...]at. 1. Tally cals it learned dust.

Et secto in pulvere metas.

Archimedes was doing this when Siracuse was taken.

Viri nobiles, ac principes, qui non su­crandi, sed Phi [...]os [...]phandi causa literis dant operam, Mathematicis maximè studiis delectantur. Inter quos celeberrimi extiterunt, ex antiquis quidem Archimedes Regum Siciliae consanguineus; Boetius vir consularis; Alphonsus Rex Hispaniarum: nostra vero aetate Marchio Guidobaldus, Princeps Ticho Brahe; Franciscus Candalla, & alii complures, quorum monumenta in omne aevum permansura mundus mirabitur. Blancani Dissertat. De Natura Mathema­ticarum, cap. 3.Princes and great persons have studied the Mathematicks, and those that study them to purpose, had need to have some Princes or great persons to encourage them therein by their bounty, in respect of the chargeablenesse of their instruments, as Tycho Brahe somewhere saith.

Mathematicks are either Pure or Mixt:

Qui Mathe­maticus au­dire cupit, non Arithme­ticam modo & Geometriam, quae Mathesin propriè di­ctam & ab omni materia abstractam constituunt, verum & Astronomiam Geographiam, Opticam, Me­chanicam, & Staticam, Musicam, Geodaesiam & Architecturam militarem, probè calleat oportet. Hortensii Dissertat. De studio Mathematico recte instituendo.To pure Mathematicks those Sciences are referred, which handle Quantity altogether abstracted from matter; and Physical axioms, they are two, Geome­try and Arithmetique, the one handling continued Quantity, the other dissevered Quantity, or number.

To mixt Mathematicks Astronomy and Musick are usually referred, and the Opticks.

[Page 41]I. Arithmetique is an Art of numbring well. Arithmetica est doctrina bene nume­randi. Rami. Arithm. l. 1. Arithmetica & Musica separa­tim magnitu­dinem, id est, numeros con­siderat. Geo­metria magni­tudinem con­junctam, sta­bilem & im­motam, Astro­nomia mobilem. Arithmetica merito prima, quae reliquis omnibus usui: ab ea & musica principia sumit. Nam ut Arithmetica proprietates numerorum absolute considerat: ita musica easdem in sonorum differentiis & propor­tionibus contemplatur. Ratio enim harmoniae quae est musicae, numeris & figuris constat. Harum auxiliis Geometria & Astronomia uruntur. Nam sine Arithmetica, Geometria subsistere non potest. Numerorum enim cognitio prior denotatione linearum. Et ex numeris lineae inventae, ex lineis figurae productae. Astronomia à Geometria lineas & figuras ad coelorum orbes, siderum conversiones considerandas, corporum coelestium intervalla colligenda, eorumque magnitudinem describendam adsumit. Joan. à Wovver. De Polymath. Tractat. c. 23. Arith­metica sub [...]ilior est quam Geometria. Quod cunque enim vel accipit vel probat Geometria per numeros dirigi po­test ab iis enim pendet to [...]a magnitudinum consideratio Mathematicarum. At infinita procedent in numeris, quo­rum multa non potuerunt in magnitudinum natura comprehendi. Scalig. De Subtil. ad Cardan. Exercit. 321. De­nique si quid est, in quantitate subtilitatis, id omne ex numerorum ratione haustum est. Pendet igitur Geometriae dispositio ab Arithmetici constitutione. Quae res apud nominem controversa est. Subtilior igitur haec, quae illius statuit principia ac [...]undamenta. Id. ibid.

Pythagoras first brought it into an Art, thence the Pythagor [...]ans did swear per numerum quaternarium, quo nihil apud eos videtur esse perfectius. For there are four Elements, Fire, Air, Water, Earth; four times of the year, Spring, Au­tumn, Summer, Winter; four qualities of all things, Heat, Cold, Moisture, Drinesse, four Coasts of the Heaven, East, West, North, South.

It is the first of the Mathematicks, and usefull to all the rest.

One should get some skill in the vulgar Arithmetique before he learn Geome­try, and that either by a teacher, or by plain books, such as the Arithmetique of Gemma Frisius, or Ramus with Snellius his Notes.

The principle of number is unity, as of magnitude punctum.

By this the Pythagoreans in times past covered the mysteries of all nature, and even of God himself, as if all things were agreeable to numbers.

The Phenicians write as all the Eastern Nations, from the right hand to the left: the reason why the outermost figure to the right hand in Arithmetique stands in the first place, they also being the inventers of that Science. George Sandys upon the 3 d Book of Ovids Metam.

Some learned men speak much of the Algebra, Quàm mirabi­le illud veluti scientiarum monstrum, ac portentum, quod Algebram vocant? Nihil fortasse in tota peritiae Encyclopedia subtilius, profundius nihil, non humano ingenio par est, sed quid coelitus revelatum dixeris: numeros illos, quos surdos vocant, & qui nullo modo exprimi postunt addit, subtrahit, multiplicat, dividit, perinde ac si numeri communes essent. Ii qui hanc callent eruditionem nihil in numerorum infinita ditione obscurum nihil arduum timeant. Biancani Dissertatio De natura Mathematicarum, cap. 4. as a famous invention in Arith­metique.

II. Geometry is an Art of measuring well.

The measures of things are taken from the parts of man, his finger, palm, foot, Geometria est ars bene me­tiendi, Rami Geomet. lib. 1. cap. 16. Geometria pars est Ma­thematicae sci­entiae, imò basis ac funda­mentum, atque ut Philo scite loquitur, Metropolis omnium artium Mathematicarum. Nam ex ea, tanquam matrice civitate, derivatae sunt illae nobilissimae Coloniae, Optica, Astronomia, caeterae; ipsaque adeò Arithmetica, cujus subje­ctum est simplicissimum, & Geometrico simplicium, remotiúsque à materia, utpore carens situ, Geometriae ad­miniculo stat, eâque nititur, quod admirabile culpiam videatur, ad conclusiones suas demonstrandas. Etsi ex altera parte non negarim Geometriam quoque in irrationalium praesertim doctrina, lucem & praesidium ab Arith­metica mutuari. Savil. Lect. 2. in Euclyd. Habet magnas utilitates Geometria, sed voluptat [...]s etiam partibus infinitis majores habet, quibusque fimile nihil in alia ulla disciplina reperietu [...]: neque enim Grammaticus rhetor logicus, alioqui ettam physicus, & Ethicus invenit in arte sua novi laetitia elatus, immolasse diis memoratur. Thales Milesius cum trianguli in circulo inscriptionem invenisset bovem diis immolavit. Ram. Orat. De sua professione. Vide plura ibid. cubit.

A barly corn is the least measure; the finger is the breadth of four barly corns; the palm four fingers; the foot four palms. A cubit from the elbow to the end of the longest finger is a foot and an half.

From those measures ariseth the measure of a journey, a pace, a furlong; a mile, a geometrical pace is five foot, a furlong 125 paces, a mile a thousand paces, eight furlongs.

[Page 42]
Quatuor ex granis digitus componitur unus,
Est quater in palmo digitus, quater in pade palmus,
Quinque pedes passum faciunt, passus quoque centum
Viginti quinque stadium daut, sed m [...]liare
Octo dabunt stadia, duplatum dat tibi Leuca.

The Romans used a foot for their measure, as the Jews did a cubit.

Plato wrote in the door of his study, [...], Let no man igno­rant of Geometry enter in here.

Sir Henry Savill in his ninth Lecture upon Euclyde, saith, Ars est omni­um sine controversia certissima, it is without controversie the most certain Art of all.

Tyc. Brahe in his Oration, De Disciplinis Mathematicis, shews, That divers Arts flow from Geometry, Astronomy, Opticks; that of dialing, Geography, Architecture, and the Mechanicks,

Geometriae olim in Aegy­pto & Graecia plurimi certa­tim incubue­runt Artifices: quorum singu­li ad artis con­stitutionem aliquid con­tulerunt. Euclides Me­garensis uno complexus volumine, artis elementa continuo ordine & magna solertia ita tradidit, ut à quovis mediocris ingenii acumine praedito non difficulter percipi possent. Tych. Brah. Orat. De Discip. Math. Quaestio de quadratura circuli multa praeclara exercuit ingenia. Num quaestionis subtilitatem an ingenii humani imbecillitatem, in causa esse dicemus, quod seculis tot fuere desudatum in nodo solvendo, qui adhuc sit involutus. Vossius de Scient. Mathem. lib. 1. cap. 16.All with one consent ascribe the invention of Geometry to the Egyptians. For when the limits of their possessions were confounded by reason of the annual overflowing of Nilus, to restore these, the reason and way of measuring fields was invented, and so Geometry may seem to have drawn its first original from the Husbandmens measuring their grounds. Thales first brought Geometry out of Egypt into Greece; Pythagoras amplified it. To whom many succeeded; Euclide hath brought the Art to that perfection, that he hath cut off hope from all his po­sterity of enlarging it.

The great difficulty among Geometricians is about the quadrature of a circle, which some say, is not faisible.

III. Musick. This is either Vocal or Instrumental; Some preferre the Vocall. Therpander Thebanus Mu­sicus celeberri­mus primus de musica scripsit. Blancani. Chro­nol. Clarorum Mathematico­rum. Musicae prin­cipis primum Pythagoras ad artem reduxit. Geneb. Chron. l. 2. Hic primus dicitur ex malleorum ictibus vocum diversarum numeros, modes, inflexionesque perpendendo, Musicam artem divina quadam industria confecisse. Cytharam tradunt invenisse Orpheum, Fistulam Pan Arcadius primus infla­vit. Ringelbergius De Ratione Studii. Quomodo differant [...], & [...] (quae tria Hebraeorem instrumenta musica praecipua erant, & junguntur Nehemiae, Cap. xii.) Josephus optimè dicet, lib. 7. Antiq. cap. x. & è nostris Basilius, Chrysostomus, Hieronymus. Vossius. De viti is Sermonis. l. 4 c. 14.

Mercer on the 4 th of Genesis ver. 21. saith, Jubal was the inventer of Instru­mental Musick.

Pythagoras Musicae theoricam ex Fabri malleis adinvenit. Blancani Chronologia Clarorum Mathemat. Pythagoras invented the Art of Musick from the Smiths hammers.

One seeing another playing excellently upon the Lu [...]e, said, He thought his soul was in his fingers.

Leur esprit s'ensuit au bout des doigts, saith Du Bartas. 1. Sept.

Phythagoras, Aristoxenus, Nicomachus, Philolaus, Alypius, Ptolomaus hand­led Musick professedly, Boetius, Martianus Capella, and venerable Bede, and Mer­sennus have written also of Musick.

Astronomia dicitur [...], quia do­cet, qua lege moveantur ac reguntur astra. Vossius de Selent. Math. c. 28. Admiranda prorsus & divina Astronomia, subjecti nobilitate cunctis prior, apta & necessaria omnibus in quibus ulla temporis ratio. Joan. à Wovver. De Polym. Tract. c. 25. In Astronomicis à doctrina Sphaerica initium faciat, legende Institutiones Astronomicas Peuceri, Metii, Maestlini, Crugeri, & Commentaris Clavii in Sphaeram. Job. de Sacrobos [...]o. H [...]rt [...]nsii Differtat. de studio Mathemat. recte instituendo.IV. Astronomy.

The word signifies a Doctrine of the Laws or Rules of the measure and motion of the Stars.

[Page 43]The Subject of this Science is the Heavens with the Stars. Diodorus, Pliny and others say, that Atlas was therefore thought to sustain heaven with his shoulders, because he made a Sphere in which the whole heaven was represented.

It exceeds not only Arithmetique and Geometry, but all other Arts in this kinde. Nam & antiquitate & nobilitate ac cognitionis sublimitate prae reliquis omnibus ma­ximam sibi vendicat laudem. Tych. Brah. Orat. De Discip. Mathem.

Peter Ramus in proaem. Mathem. complained, because we have not now Astrono­my free from Hypotheses, and therefore easie, as the Egyptians and Babylonians had. But saith Gassendus (Praefat. In Tychonis Brahaei vitam) though some Hy­potheses be more simple, and so more easie then others, yet Astronomy cannot consist without some.

Quod autem celeberrimus ille nostri aevi Philosophus Petrus Ramus existima­rit, sine Hypothesibus per Logicas rationes Astronomiam constitui posse, caret fun­damento, &c. Tycho Brahe Epist. Astronom. lib. 1. Christoph. Rothman. Vide plura ibid.

Thales Milesius was the first who studied the Stars, Gassendus (in the Preface be­fore-quoted, and their lives) mentions Eudoxus, Hipparchus, Theon, Pappus, Quantum verò ad nos in a­strorum scien­tia pervenit, Hipparchus Rhodius, primus ejus parens cense­tur. Is enim fixarum loca diligenter observavit. Solisque & Lunae cursus per plurimos subsequentes annos desig­navit. Ac in caeterorum Planetarum toriusque Coeli observationibus diligentissimus suit. Hujus inventis & considerationibus Ptolomaeus Alexandrinus cum suis collatis, totam artem in certas Hypotheses, unaque in numeros redegit, & immortalem apud omnem posteritatem hinc merito sibi peperit memoriam. Nostra verò aetate Nicolaus Copernicus, quem alterum Ptolomaeum non immeritò dixeris, admiranda ingenii solertia Hypothesibus aliter consti­tutis coelestium motum, scientiam ita restauravit, ut nemo ante ipsum exactiùs de syderum motibus sit philosophatus. Tych. Brah. Orat. De Discip. Mathem. Ex his duobus artificibus Ptolomaeo & Copernico, omnia illa quae nostra aetate, in astrorum revolutionibus, perspecta & cognita habemus, constituta ac tradita sunt. Id. ibid. Alphraganus, Alphonsus King of Castile, Tycho Brahe, Copernicus, Peurbachius, and Regio-Montanus for famous Astronomers, Blanchinus, and Ptolomy, to which Gassendus himself (the Professour of Astronomy now at Paris) may deservedly be added.

V. Opticks. This is a Greek word. It is called Perspectivè in Latine, Optices digni­tatem cognos­cimus ex no­bilitate organi ejus, quod sunt oculi, praecipi­um cognitionis instrumentum: his enim om­nem Philoso­phiam debe­mus. Etiam Opticae digni­tatem ostendit objecti prae­stantia; Cùm luce & colori­bus nihil sit melius vel jucandius. Vossius de sci­entiis Mat. c. 24 Unam Opti­cen video so­lam esse artem, quae caeterarum communis splendor dici possit, quae solis instar, reliquis lucem impertiat, rerum in naturae majestate abditarum nubem dispellat. Pena de usu optices. Vide Volat. Comment-Urban. l. 35. a bar­barous but significant word, Optica est ars bene videndi. The Opticks is an Art of seeing well.

Light and colour are visible by themselves, so it is said; Light indeed is, but co­lours will not be visible in the dark.

We should examine and weigh the writings of the chief Astronomers by this Lesbian Rule.

Luceus was the first Inventer of the metal-Mines, and hence arose the common fable, that he also saw those things which were under the earth.

Pisanus was the Author of the common Perspective.

Alhazeus and Vitellio, and Pena on Euclide, and Peckam Archbishop of Can­terbury have done best on the Opticks.

Galen skilfull in the Opticks as well as Physicks, gives this demonstration, why one and the same appears one to two eyes, Eadem est basis pyramidum sub radiis ab oculo missis comprehensarum.

There are perfect demonstrations in the Opticks; as why a hollow glasse burns, because the Sun-beams reflected are there gathered together; why a staff appears broken in the water, because it is seen by lines refracted, through a double medium of air and water.

CHAP. V. Of the Civil and Canon-Law.

THere are three main things in the Civil-Law, The Pandects, the Code, and the Novellae Constitutiones. Jurisconsulto­rum Com­mentarios non passim sed parce admo­dum, & cum delectu admit­tebat, veluti Alciarum, Budaeum, Cui­acium, Dua­renum, Govea­num, Augusti­num, & cae [...]e­ros qui jus civile in pri­stinam digni­tatem restitue­runt: alios ab his longum. Valere jusserat. Vita Joannes Vincentii Pinelli, auctore Paulo Gual­do. In Jure Cano­nico Concilio­rum Decreta, Patrium dicta Pontificum descrip [...]a con­tinentur, ex quo utpote à Pontifice con­firmato, i [...] judiciis Eccle­siasticis firma argumenta & cortas decisio­nes peri Pon­tisicum est opinio. Gerh. Confess. Cath. lib. 1. Gen. part. 2. cap. 14. Gratianus patria Clusinus, professione Monachus Benedictus, qui claruit tempore Eugenii tertii Pontificis & Conradi tertii Imperatoris Anno Domini 1145. scripsit. Decretum sine Concordiam disc [...]rdantium Canonum, cui progressu temporis Decretales Gregorii, Bonifacii & aliorum. Pontificum [...]unt additae hoc Decretorum & Decretalium volumen vocatur. Jus Pontificium, quia autoritate Pontificis confirmatum de rebus Pontificiis, more Pontificio sive Papali & autoritativo disserit, & ad stabilendam Pontificis majestatem & autoritatem vel m [...]xime est directum. Gerh. ibid. Compilarae sunt Decretales, perquendam Barchinonensem de penna forti Ray­man [...]um, Natione Catalanum, Generalem Praedicatorum Magistrum, Capellanum & Poenitentiarium. Gregorii noni circa annun 1230.

1. The Pandects or Digests, containing Responsa prudentum, or the sayings of Lawyers, to which the Decree of Gratian in the Canon-Law composed out of the sentences of the Councels and Fathers answers.

2. Codex, the Code, consisting only of the Decrees of the Emperours, to which the five Books of the Decretals answer in the Canon-Law, consisting of the Constitutions onely of the Pope of Rome. Malè actum est cum rebus humanis, cum ad Decreta accesserunt alae.

3. Novellae Constitutiones, viz. Imperatoriae, put out after the Code, to which in the Canon-Law the sixth of the Decretals, the Clementines and Extravagants answer. See D. Duck of the Authority of the Civil-Law, l. 1. c. 4.

First, One should diligently reade the elements of the Civil-Law, comprehend­ed in the four Books of Justinians Institutions, Calvins Lexicon of the Law should be perused. Then we may go on to the Pandects and Code, on which there are many Commentaries. Cuiacius is an excellent Author.

It is called the Canon-Law by reason of the matter, because it contains Eccle­siastical Constitutions which they call Rules or Canons; and by reason of the end, because it was collected and confirmed to that end, that it may prescribe a Rule of Ecclesiastical Government.

The Canon-Law contains

The Decree of Gratian for the most part collected out of the sentences of Fathers, and Decrees of Councels.

The Decretals of Gregory the ninth.

The sixth of the Decretals of Boniface the eighth.

The Clementines and Extravagants collected out of the Epistles and replies of the Popes.

Corpus Canonum à Gratiano Monacho consarcinatum ab Eugenio 111. Pontifice Rom. comprobatum & authoritate firmatum fuisse constat: qui ut in Academiis doce­retur propéque Tribunali in Judiciis reciperetur (ut & postea factitatum est) praece­pit. Gentil. Apol. c. 1.

Lancelots Institutions are commended for the Canon-Law, as Minsinger on Ju­stinians Institutions for the Civil-Law.

In the Body of the Canon-Law the Canons are sometimes diametrially opposite one to the other.

Archidaconus, Panormitan, Innocentius, Rebuffus, were famous Canonists.

Of Philosophy.

It is either Natural or Moral, called Ethicks. Natural Philosophy De mundo, aut de iis quae sunt in mundo, quaerit. Pier Valer. Hierog. l. 38. c. 10.

Tully cals Philosophy in his Offices, Studium sapientiae; in his Tusculanes, vir­tutis indagatricem, expultricemque vitiorum.

Socrates, Plato. Aristoteles tres viri constitu­endae Philosophiae sine dubio divinitùs excitati. Casaub. Praefat. ad Theophrast. Charact.How many several sorts of Philosophers are mentioned? who were severed by [Page 45] their distinct Schools, of Academicks, Peripatetiques, Stoicks, Epicures, Pytha­goreans, too numerous to be rehearsed. Of all which, see Desiderii Jacotii De Phi­losophorum doctrina libellum ex Cicerone. Philosophiae probè locatis fundamentis, sine quibus de Galeni senten­tia, nemo medicus bonus dici potest, sedulam medi­cis operam dedit. Melch. Adam. in vita Opsopaei.

Aristotle was the Prince of the Peripateticks, Zeno the chief of the Stoicks, Epi­curus of the Epicureans, and Pythagoras of the Pythagoreans. Philosophiam opti­mè docebit Plato & Aristoteles, atque hujus Discipulus Theophrastus, tum utrinque mixtus Plotinus. Erasm. De Ratione Studii.

As the Grecians for the title of wise men, called themselves lovers of wisdome, that is, Philosophos, so also the Doctors of the Jews often were not called wise men, but Scholars of wise men, that is, studious of wisdome.

Vbi desinit Philosophus ibi incipit Medicus, ubi desinit Medicus ibi incipit Theologus.

Ethicks or Moral Philosophy.

It is so called because it is conversant about the manners of men. Nominatur Ethica à Grae­ca voce [...], id est, mos seu cōsuetudo, quia versatur circa hominum mo­res, quapropter & latine scientia moralis appellatur. Definiri potest, Scientia practica humanarum actionum quatenus in illis honestas locum habere potest. Walaei compendium Ethicae Aristotel.

The adequate object of it are humane actions, not considered any way, but as honesty hath place in them, and as they are capable of vertue.

D r Ames hath a Theological Disputation against it, and shews, that all Aristotles practical vertues are to be found in the Scripture.

Physick. The subject of it is mans body, the end health.

It is lawfull, it was before the promulgation of the Law, Gen. 50.2.

The Poets brought in Apollo, as the chief god of Medicine, to whom they have assigned Aesculapius for his sonne. Christ was a Physician both of soul and body.

Omnibus est aliis Medicus praestantior unus. Is Homers verse.

Physical Institutions are a mellificium compounded out of the choisest flowers.

A long series of times hath brought forth many famous Grecians, Physicians, some Latines, and some Arabians.

Among the Grecians, Hippocrates and Galen excelled.

Dioscordes also was a good Physician.

Amongst the Latine Physicians Cornelius Celsus was the first.

Of late Fernelius and Sennertus.

Amongst the Arabians, Avicenna Qui dele­ctantur fusa & polydaedala varietate reme­diorum, Avi­cennam amplectantur: Cuncta enim hujus aevi remedia ex eo manant. Heurnii De studio medicinae bene Instituendo medit. Vide plura ibid. In plantis Hebraeis multùm debemus LXX interpretibus. Nam absque illis foret, & paucis Aquilae, Theodotionis, aliorumque fragmentis; non video, quid certi statuere possimus de multis plantarum vocabulis, quae in veteri instrumento se offerunt. Vossius De vitiis Sermonis, lib. 1. cap. 28., Rhazes, Averrhoes, Avenzoar, Mesue, Serapio, and Alsaharavius were chief. In Plants there is much difficulty. Vide Voss. De vitiis Sermonis l. 1. c. 28. Rondeletius, Matthiolus, Bellonius, Camerarius, Bau­hinus, Spigelius, have done well about Herbs.

Alexandria of old, and Padua of late, Amianus l. 22. pro omni experimento dictitat sufficere medico, fi Alexandria se dixerit eruditum. Alexandrinam autem Academiam excepit nostras Patavina in hoc genere laudis, cum abundè conster, medicum apud nos docturam consecutum majoris fieri, quam alterum qui asibi. Pignor. Symb. Epist. Epist. 9. is famous for the Profession of Physick.

Metaphysicks. This is called by some Theolo. gia naturalis. Si quid tamen laudis Meta­physicae sit tribuendum, illud erit, quod inanes quosdam portentosarum distinctionum fumos invexerit, ad obscurandam simplicem veritatem. Ames. Disputat. Theol. adversus Ethicam.

It is the highest part of all Philosophy from the subject of it, because it treats De causa altissima.

D r Ames hath a Theological Disputation against Metaphysicks, and saith, it is but an imaginary science.

[Page 46]M r Baxter in his Reply to M r Kendall, saith he hath above thirty Tracts of Me­taphysicks by him, and seems to value Suarez, Schibler and Burgersdicius before all the rest.

History.

Historia est testis temporum, nuncia vetustatis, lux veritatis, vita memoriae, Ma­gistra vitae, Cic. 2 do de Oratore. See of the Ety­mology of History and the difference be­tween History and Annals in Vossius his Ars Hi­storica, cap. 1. Annales tantummodo referunt, quid quoque anno gestum sit, Historia etiam [...]ddit, quo consilio ac ratione, Strad. l. 2. prolus. 2. Hist. exercit. 10. parte 1 a Sect. 7. Vide Spanhem. censuram Dub. Evangel. parte 2 da Dub. 2. p. 63.

Historia est rerum, publicè gestarum, diffusa & continuata narratio. Muretus.

The end of it is double, profit and pleasure.

Omne tulit punctum qui miscuit utile dulci.

Ferdinand King of Sicily, and Alphonsus King of Spain, recovered their health by reading of History, the first by reading Livy, the second by reading Q. Curtius.

Some have observed, that the being versed in Books of History makes men wiser then in those of Policy, for that those furnish us with instances as well as rules, and as it were personate the rule, and draw it out more into the full lineaments. M r Herles Morall prudence ch. 19.

History is either 1. Ecclesiasticall, which handleth Church matters, and is for its Antiquity and Dignity to have the precedence. Vide Sixt. Senens. in Praefat. ad Lectorem in Bibliotheca Sancta.

Or 2. Politicall, which handleth civil matters, in Kingdoms, States or Com­monweals.

Just or perfect History is of three kindes, according to the nature of the object which it propounds to represent; for it either represents a portion of time, or some memorable Person, or some famous Act. The first we call Chronicles or Annals; the second Lives; the third Relations. Of these Chronicles seem to ex­cell, for celebrity and name: Lives for profit and examples: Relations for sin­cerity and verity. S r Francis Bac. Advancem. of Learn. l. 2. c. 7.

The History of Times is either universall or particular: This comprehends the affairs of some Kingdom, Semper lauda­ta fuit histo­ria: quae singularia facta a [...]que res gestas no­bis ostendens, cujuscunque temporis ac secu [...]i exempla suppeditat: Nec unius regionis can­cellis con­stringitur; sed quam latè terrarum termìni extenduntur, expatiatur. Verum enimverò cum varia sint historiarum genera nullum huic praeferendum videtur, quo quis ea pretexit, quae multis, longeque ac late dissitis regionibus perlustra­tis, maximè notatu digna scripto consignans, lectores ne latum quidem unguem progressos per longinquas regiones deducit. Hujusmodi historiae itineraria audiunt: quae bona fide contexta hac prae reliquis praerogativa gaudent, quod majorem fidem mereantur, adeoque lectorem certiorem reddant, utpote quae ex [...] res gestas, casus ac eventa enarrent. Constantini L' Empereur Epist. Dedicat. Ad Itinnerarium D. Benjaminis. or State, or Nation: That the affairs of the world.

Amongst Histories Itineraries have the preheminence, when one shall faith­fully relate the most memorable things he hath observed by travelling into many and strange Countries: And amongst Itineraries, that of R. Benjamin a Jew hath been very much esteemed by many, (saith Constantine L' Empereur) because he did not only travell over Europe and Africa, but professeth that he entred into the most inward and extream regions of Asia, where he witnesseth that he saw rare things and yet unknown to our world: and therefore his little book abundantly affords examples of very many things, so that it cannot but be read with delight.

The first Law given to an Historian (saith Tully de Oratore) is Nequid falsi dicere audeat: deinde nequid veri non audeat; ne qua suspicio gratiae sit in scribendo, ne qua simultatis.

The composing of a History consists in things and words: for things he must have respect to the order of time and the description of places, the manners, lives, counsels, sayings, deeds and events of men; for words, the kinde of speech must not be large, yet adorned with a pure and famous brevity.

[Page 47] T. Livius in the opinion of all Learned men is the Prince of Latine History, there are only two books of Salusts. A Catalogue of some of the chiefest Histo­rians. In Historia apud Graeco [...] floruit Thucy­dides. Herodo­tus, Theopompus. Apud nos T. Livius, [...]rispus Salustius, & plerique alii, Polyd Verg. De Invent. Rerum, lib. 1. cap. 12. Vossius hath written an excellent book, De Historicio Graecis & Latinis. There are severall Writers joyned together in two Volumes who have written de Historia. Bodius Methodus Historica. Patritii de Historia Dialogi. Pontani de Historia Dia­logus. Balduinus de Institutione Historiae universae, & ejus cum Juris prudentia conjunctione. Viperanus & Rober­tellus de Scribenda Historia. Dionisii Halicarnassei de Thucydidis Historia Judicium. Ubertas Folieta de Ratione Scribendae Historiae & de Similitudine Normae Polibianae. David Chytraeus de Lectione Historiarum recte In­stituenda. Lucianus de Scribenda Historia. Simon Grinaeus de Utilitate Legendae Historiae. Christophorus Milaeus de Scribenda Universitatis rerum Historia. Caelius Secundus Curio de Historia Legenda. Christ. Pezel. de Argumento Historiarum. Theodorus Zuingerus & Joan. Sambutus de Historia. Joannis Thoma Freigii Historiae Synopsis. Caesars Commentaries contain famous things but done in a few years. Trogus Pompeius who composed the Greek Histo­ries and those of the whole world in Latine, and in fourty four Volumes hath written the affairs of all ages, Kings, Nations and people, is wholly lost, but that we have in Justin a short little body as it were of the flowers of it. Suetonius, Ta­citus, Q. Curtius, are good Historians, and many later then them, Orosius, Paulus Diaconus, Eutropius, and others of later time, yet Blondus, Antoninus, Sabellicus, Collenutius, Machiavell, Aretinus, Platina, Carius, Simoneta, Ca­preolus, Merula, and those yet later, Paulus Jovius, Sleiden, Guicchardine, the last being the best Historian.

The best Greek Historians (although some of them be imperfect) are Herodo­tus, Thucydides, Xenophon, Polybius, Dionysius Halicarnasseus, Dion, Eusebius, and others.

Chronology and Topography are the two eyes of History.

In Chronology. Epocha est certum atque illustre prin­cipium tempo­ris, à quo re­liqui anni nu­merantur. Epocha autem dicitur à Grae­co verbo [...], i. e. re­tinere, & inhi­bere: quia est temporis quaedam re­tentio & inhi­bitio, quâ tanquam certo sixoque signo Historiae continentur. Apellantur etiam Aera quae vox ab Hispania primum inventa & usurpata est, qui temporum computationes ab anno 16 Augusti Caesaris ordiri solebant. Incerti Auctoris epitome Praecognitorum Historicorum.

The Epochae are to be observed.

The Epochae are two fold.

1. Ecclesiasticall, which are noted in the Scriptures and Ecclesiasticall Hi­stories; of which eleven as more famous are mentioned, from the beginning of the world, the Flood, the building of the Tower of Babel, Abrahams peregrinati­on, the departure of the Israelites out of Egypt, the year of Sabbath, the year of Jubilee, Solomons Temple, the Babylonish Captivity, Daniels Seventies, the birth of Christ. The Christian Aera, that is, the way of numbering times from Christ being born, although it be most laudable, yet began lately, and hath not been long used in designing publick or private affairs. Helvic. in System. Chron.

2. Politicall, which are observed in prophane Histories, and are used in civil affairs.

Of these some most famous are,

1. Of the Olympiads: which is of the Grecians. Olympias est spacium quinque annorum à Latinis Lustrum dictum, in the beginning of the fifth year the Olym­pian games were wont to be celebrated, with great concourse of all Greece, so called from Olympia a City in Thessaly, in which those sports were exercised.

This is the noblest computation of time among the Heathens.

2. Epocha urbis conditae, id est, Romae.

3. Est C. Julii Caesaris, from whence the Roman Emperours are numbred.

Aera, pro quo & Era, dicitur pro Epocha, sive supputationis initio. In Gothicarum, ac Hispanicarum rerum scriptoribus, plurimisque conciliis, est crebrum, atque ab eo tempore inchoat, quo Hispani, jussu Augusti recepore formam anni Iuliani; quod factum XXXVIII. annis ante natum Iesum Christum ex vulgari ara Christi. Cosmogra­phiam brevis­simè cradit Pomponius mela, do­ctissime Ptolimaeus, diligentissime, Plinius Eras. de Ratione Studii. Strabo Eruditissimè ac fusè orbis situm, cuju [...] magnam partem peragraverat, descripsit. Bl [...]ncani Chronol. Mathem. Vossius de vitiis Sermonis, l. 3. c. 1.

2. Topography, the description of some certain place.

[Page 48]Of Poetry.

Vide Fulleri Miscel. Sac. l. 1. c. 20. & Spec. Arab. Johan. Fabric. p. 170. ad 178. Eras. Epist. l. 9. Epist. 120.It is referred to the imagination, and is a kinde of Learning in words restrained; in matter loose.

It is an art of deceit, which measureth expressions, not by the truth of the sub­ject, but by the strength of imagination working upon it.

It principally serves for venting extraordinary affections.

Poetry is the quintessence or rather the luxury of Learning.

The Originall of this Art is very ancient, and (as Euseb. l. 2. de praeparat. Evang.) first flourished with the most ancient Hebrews, who were long before the Poets of the Grecians. Moses made an exhameter Verse, wherein he gave thanks to God for their deliverance at the red Sea. David composed many Hymns. Quid Deutoronomii & Esaiae cantico palchrius? Quid Solomone gravius? Quid perfectius Job? quae omnia hexametris & pentametris versibus apud suos composita decurrunt, Polyd. Verg. de Invent. Rerum. l. 1. c. 8. Orpheus (saith Porphyrius) first illustra­ted this Art, then Homer and Hesiod.

It is taken in a double sense, as it respects words, and so it is a kinde of chara­cter of speech; for verse is a kinde of style and form of elocution, and pertains not to matter; for a true narration may be composed in verse; and a faigned in Prose.

Or as it respects matter, so it is imitation of History at pleasure.

Sir Frau. Bac. Advanc. of Learn. l. 2. c. 13. Poetica ars multis me­hercle de causis, reliquas antecellit [...]seiplinas, vel quia homines nullam penè artem assequi possunt, nisi in illam diu incubuerint, ut quod scientias fere, ut [...]trabo in primo Geographiae adversus Eratosthenem pulchrè demonstrat, in se continet omnes: vel demum quod ex omni­bus artibus, quae ab humani excellentia proficiscuntur, sola poetica divino furore peroipitur. Ná poetae furore afflari res omni admiratione & stupore dignas canunt, tuncque veri vates sunt, cum insaniunt. Polyd. Verg. de Rer. Inv. l. 1. c. 8.It is either Narrative, or Representative, or Allusive.

Narrative is a meer imitation of History, but that often it extols matters above belief.

Dramaticall or Representative, is, as it were, a visible History, it sets out the Image of things, as if they were present: History, as if they were past.

Parabolicall or Allusive is History with the Type, which brings down the Ima­ges of the understanding to the objects of sense.

Poets were the first Priests, Prophets, Le­gislators and Polititians, the first Philoso­phers, Astrono­mers, Historiographers, Orators and Musicians in the world.Because neither our senses are moved with extraordinary effects of Gods power, nor our mindes bent to observe the waies of his wisdom, so as we might be stricken with true admiration of them, we have fewer good sacred Poems, then of any other kinde. But as the Ancients chief learning did consist of Poetry, so the ex­cellency of their Poetry was chiefly seen in the proper and native subject of this faculty, that is, in matters of sacred use or observation. Whence the title of Vates did descend to secular or prophane Poets, which retained the number and manner of speech used by the former. The Book of Psalms, Job, and the Songs of Moses, are the only pattern of true Poesie. D r Jacksons Comment upon the Apost. Creed, Vol. 1. c. 14.

Metri origo à Deo optimo maximo est; qui hunc ter­rar [...]m orbem, & omnia ab eo contenta, certa ratione quasi metro dispo­suit: harmo­niam enim, ut Pythagoras docuit, in Caelestibus terrenisque rebus nemo hercle esse dubitat. Nam quo pacto mundus consisterer, nisi certa ratione & numeris praesinitis ageretur? Omnia quoque instrument [...] quibus utimur, mensura quadam, id est, metro siunt. Quòd si hoc in caeteris rebus accidit, quanto magis in oratione, quae cunctas complectitur? Polyd. Verg. de Invent. Rerum, l. 1. c. 9. Mirus gentium consensus in poëscos rhythmicae, itan vocant, amore. Nam omnes ferè populi Europae, Asiae, Africae, ab aliquot retro seculis non alios praeter ittos versus norunt. Casaub. ad Pers. Sat. 1.The Greek and Latine Poesie was by verse numerous and metricall, running upon pleasant feet, sometimes swift, sometime slow, (their words very aptly ser­ving for that purpose) but without any time or tunable concord in the end of their verses, as we and all other Nations now use. But the Hebrews and Chaldees, who were more ancient then the Greeks, did not only use a metricall Poesie, but also with the same a manner of time, as hath been of late observed by Learned men. Our manner of vulgar Poesie is more ancient then the artificiall of the Greeks and Latines, ours coming by instinct of nature, which was before Art and observati­on, and used by the wilde and savage people, who were before all Science or Civility.

[Page 49]In the time of Charlemaine and many years after him the Latine Poets wrote in time.

The School of Salerne dedicated their book of Medicinall rules unto our King of England, beginning thus,

Anglorum Regi scribit schola tota Salerni
Si vis incolumem, si vis te reddere sanum
Curas tolle graves, irasci crede prophanum
Nec retine ventrem, nec stringas fortiter anum.

All the rest go on in the same way, well to the purpose of their Art.

One wrote these verses against the whole rable of Monks,

O Monachi vestri stomachi sunt amphora Bacchi,
Vos estis Deus est testis turpissima pestis.

Hugobald the Monk made a large Poem to the honour of Carolus Calvus, every word beginning with C, which was the first letter of the Kings name thus, ‘Carmina Clarisonae Caluis Cantate Camenae.’

There were 1. Heroick Poets, such as wrote long Histories of the noble acts of Kings and great Princes, and the great matters of peace and warre, Metrorum plura sunt ge­nera, quae auctore Servio, vel à rebus quae descri­buntur, nomi­na accepere, ut heroicum, quod hexame­trum: licet Moses pri­mus usurpa­verit, tamen quia Homerus, & caeteri qui deinceps secuti sunt, heroum res gestas hoc carmine scriptitarunt, heroi­cum nominatum est. Polyd. Verg. de Invent. Rerum, l. 1. c 9. Vide plura ibid. whereof Homer was chief and most ancient among the Greeks, Virgil among the Latines

2. Lyrique Poets; quôd eorum ferè carmina ad sonum Cithara recitarentur. They delighted to write songs of pleasure, of which sort was Pindar, Anacreon and Callimachus, with others among the Greeks: Horace and Catullus among the Latines.

3. Elegiack, who wrote in a certain pitious verse called Elegy; such among the Latines were Ovid, Tibullus, and Propertius.

4. There were Comicall Poets who wrote Enterludes to recreate the people with matters of disport, of whom among the Greeks, Menander and Aristopha­nes were most excellent; with the Latines, Terence and Plautus, and also Tragicall, Vide Polyd. Vergil. De Invent. Rerum l. 1. c. 10, & 11. In Tragaedia praecipue spectandi affectus, & quidem ferè acriores illi. In Comaedia cum primis observandum est decorum, & vitae communis imitatio, assectus sint mitiores, & jucundi magis quam acres. Eras. de Ratione Studii. In Epigrammatis arguta brevitas laudatur. Id. ibid. who set forth the dolefull fals of unfortunate and afflicted Princes, such were Aeschylus, Euripides and Sophocles with the Greeks; Seneca among the Latines. Satyricall, who taxed the vices of the people in bitter speeches, such were Lucilius, Juvenall and Persius among the Latines. Others were given wholly to scoffing at undecent things, and in short Poems uttered pretty merry conceits, and these were called Epigrammatists, as Martiall.

Poets are drawn with a desire of glory, and are greedy of praise.

Nec petitur sacris nisi tantum fama Poetis.

There are Deliciae Poetarum, where the famous Italian, French, German and Scotch Poets are mentioned. There are also Flores Poeta­rum, at the end of which is a defence of the Poets. Horace hath written de Arte Poetica, and Vossius de Poetis Graecis & Latinis, and Sir Philip Sidnie in English of Poetry.

Chytraeus hath this Epigram,

In tres Petros Poetas.
Carmine quid possint Itali, & cum Teutone Galli,
Scire cupis ternos aspice quaeso Petros
Italia Angelium, Ronsardum Gallia, suave
Lorichii ingenium Teutonis ora tulit.

[Page 50]Of Painting.

Painting is silent Poetry, and Poetry a speaking Picture.

Pictura muta poesis, poesis loquens pictu­t [...] Aristot. Rhet. l. 3. Scripturam picturam esse arguunt verba Graeca & Latina, quia [...] tam picturam significat quàm scripturam, & literae à lino, unde lineae. Bibliander de Ratione communi omnium Linguarum, c. 6. Pictura adeo magno in honore apud veteres homines suit, ut cum caeteros fermè omnes artifaces fabros nuncupatent, solum pictorem huic nuncupationi eximerent, ut innuit Leo Baptista Albertus l. 11. de Pictura. Qui etiam addit om­nium atrium florem illam esse, nec sanè immerito mea sententia, quippè quae venustatem colorum, & lucis ignem una exprimat, affectus omnes representet, defunctorum memoriae consular, caeli conversiones, teriae vices, diel & noctis partes, Artes acumina apicesque, Divinitatem ipsam (quantum licet assequi cogitatione) subjiciat pe­nicillo. Et hinc factum est, ut Graeci politissimi hominum caverent edicto ne servi pingerent, quod nobilissi­mam artem servili manu & ingenio pollui pertimescerent. Neque defuerunt viri accurati & eloquences, qui Hi­storiam pictorum pertexerent, veluti Aristodemus Car, testè Philostrato in Iconibus, & Polemon apud Athenae­um lib. 11. Pignor. Symb. Epist. Ep. 42. Vide plura ibid.Of the first Inventer of it, See Polyd. Verg. de Invent. Rerum, l. 2. c. 24.

Zeuxis, Appelles, Lysippus, Parrhasius, Praxiteles, Phidias, were famous Painters.

Two Artificers contended for the mastery in their Art and faculty, the Zeuxis. first drawing Grapes so lively that he couzened the birds, the Parrhasius. other a Vail so exqui­sitely that he couzened the Artificer himself.

Ars nautica Johannes Gira Amalpheusis invenit mi­ram illam magnetis proptietatem, quae ad polum semper convertitur: Unde maxima rei nauticae utilitas, & accessio facta est. Blancani Chronol. clarorum Mathem. Hoc certum est, omnibus hodie gentibus navigandi industria & peritia superiores esse Anglos, post Anglos, Belgas, & inter hos Flandros, Hollandos, Zelandos. Keckermanni Problemata Nautica.Of Navigation.

This Art is much perfected since Salomons time.

Prima dedit nautis usum magnetis Amalphis.

John Tapp hath written of the Art of Navigation: and S r Thomas Rives hath written Historiam Navalem in two parts.

The vertue of the Loadstone is certainly wonderfull, unknown to Aristotle and Pliny, Usus magnetis & nauticae acus eo tactae, atque pixidis Magneti vim inesse ut acum ipso ractam, ad polum Articum dirigat, ignorum omninò priscis omnibus. Crak. log. l. 4. c. 9. Tanta est illius vis, ut non immerito â magnis viribus nomen habeat magnetis, quare etiam Herculeus à multis appellatur, etsi à Magnete quodam illius inventore sic appeliatum putet Plinim, à verò regione nomen ejus deducat Lucretius. A ferro autem quod domat, & sibi obsequens facit, sideritis meritò vocatur. Id. ib. and all the Ancients, which vertue thus now being known and understood, Navigation through and about the whole world was made easie and happy.

Sir Francis Bacon in his first book of the Advancement of Learning, lib. 1. cap. 4. saith, The Sciences which hold more of the Fancy and of Belief, then of Reason and Demonstration, are chiefly three, Astrology, naturall Magick and Alchimy.

I. For Astrology.

Nam veceres omnes, ut hoc obit [...]r mone­am tyrones, Astronomia & Astrologia uruntur ut Synonimis. Plato ferè Astronomiae vocabolo utitur, Aristoteles Astrolo­giae, per archaismum prisco & obsoleto more, ut vult Simplicius ad libros de caelo. Savil. lect. 2 d• in Euclid.Though the Ancients generally confounded Astronomy and Astrology, yet they are to be distinguished, as the very Greek words shew.

M r Burgesse his Treatise of Sin. Serm. 14.The Scripture, Psal. 19. commending the Sunne and the Starry Heavens for all its proper uses and ends that we should make of them, saith not the least word of Judiciall Astrology, or foretelling future events in the world by them: where­as if that were true which is said, that God by the Heavens as by a Book, hath revealed what he would do, it would have commended the study of the Heavens for this end to all; Insectatur hoc loco Propheta Iesaias ex ore Dei, omnes Divinos, Ari­olos, Aru [...]pi­ces, Astrolo­gos, angures, Genethli [...]cos, Mathematicos, Planetarios, Pythones, denique omnes qui artem futura & abdita divinandi profitentur, sicut Orientales solebant. Omnibus enim iis atque aliis multis nominibus fuerunt hujusce divinatores, variis temporibus appellati: olim Chaldaei & Orientales, & Genetbliaci: Augustini temporibus, Mathematici & Planeturii: nunc passim Astrologi vocantur & Necromantici. Zanch. de Divi­natione in 6. v. c. 2. Jes. Vide Dilher. Disputat. Acad. Tom. 1. p. 152. in Jer. 10.2. & Cl. Gatak. nostrum in eundem textum. & libellos ejus duos, in defensione ejusdem textus, contra Lillum. & Fulleri Miscel. Sac. l. 1. & Zanch. de Divinat. c. 16. Rogas quod de Astrologia judiciaria; sentiam, de qua jampridem magna est inter doctos & pios homines controversia, quibusdam nihil prorsus ei tribuentibus: quibusdam verò non secus illi tribuentibus omnis, quam si syderibus esset omnis in universum mundum attributa potestas: aliis denique mediam viam se­qautis, ita viz. ut ei neque adimantur omnia, neque tribuantur: quorum sententiam amplecti me profiteor, sed ita ut in ipsius rei explicatione nonnihil à nonnullis dissentiam. Bez Epist. 29. for if God have manifested his will by it, then certainly he would have commanded us to search for it there, as he doth command us to finde out his will in the Scripture. But the Scripture is so farre from commending such a study, that it expresly forbids it as a grievous sinne, Deut. 18.10, 14. Isa. 2.6. & 41.23. & 44.25. & 47.12. Jer. 10.2. Eccles. 10.14. And that Ju­diciall Astrology is a vanity, appeareth by this reason; They undertake to fore­tell contingencies for the most part, from the position of the seven Planets: [Page 51] Now there being so vast a number of fixed Stars, which have influence in earthly things in some proportion as well as the Planets, how is it possible that they should foretell any certain truth?

One in Basill by his calculation noted a certain day which he mistrusted should be fatall unto him, by some thing which should at that time befall him, Where­upon he determined with himself all that day to keep him sure and safe within his chamber, where he reaching up his hand to take down a Book, Foxes Act. and Monum. the Book falling down upon his head gave him his deaths wound, and shortly after he died upon the same.

Tycho Brahe in his Oration de Disciplinis Mathematics, Praedictiones Astrologicae non solum à vulgo, quod omnes Artes aequali odio prosequitur: sed à quibus­dam etiam eruditis homi­nibus in du­bium vocan­tur: quamvis sola Artis ignorantia eos excusare possit. Pergunt enim Arti contradicere, cujus principia summis labris non degustarunt, & cum in aliqua cognitione excellunt, de omnibus aliis rebut quamvis ab ea cognitione longè dissitis, sibi judicium arrogant. Solus Picus Mirandula Astrologiae gnarus eam ex propriis Apotelesmatis convellere aggressus est. Sed hujus objectionibus Lucius Bellonius erudito scripto jamdudum respondit. Et ipse Picas mortuus anno aetatis 33, quem tres Astrologi illi fatalem ex directione ascendentia ad corpus martis praedixe­rant, Astrorum efficaciam, quam infringere voluit, nimis cerro eventu, proprio interitu comprobarit. Tych. Brah. Orat. de Discipl. Mathem doth plead somewhat for Astrology.

But Gassendus de Doctrina Epicuri, hath a Diatribe against Judiciall Astrology, and cals it ridiculous.

Sixtus ab Hemminga wrote a Book against those which profess Astrology, which he entitled, Astrologiae ratione & experientia refutatae liber. He shews there, that all the promises which Astronomers make of future events are vain, and that evi­dently in the genitures of thirty famous persons, which Suffridus Petrus de Scri­ptoribus Frisiae reckons up.

Another kinde of Divination is Physiognomy.

If I say a sanguineous man is prone to lust, that is a true judgement, Ipsa nominis notatio signi­ficat Philoso­phis scientiam illam, quâ vel ex totius cor­poris, vel alterius partis corporis aspectu, de hominis natura & ingenio judicamus. Zanch. de Divinat. per sortes. this is pro­perly Physiognomy, but if thou saiest, he is actually lustfull, that is a rash judge­ment, for by reason or the grace of God he may restrain that, as the story of So­crates is known.

A certain kind of Physiognomy is called Chiromancy or Palmestry, which is a divination by inspection of the lines in the hand, Chiromantia quid sit, ipsius nominis nota­tio indicat: Divinatio est, quae fit ex ma­nuum inspecti­one. In S. lite­ris, he verbum quidem ullum de Chiromantia habemus. Dico ex manuum inspectione verè & certè cognosci posse cùm corporis constitutionem, tu [...]t multorum affectuum propensionem. Quoniam signa quae sunt in manu, ut illa lineamenta, inter quae numeratur & linea vicalis ab Aristotele & medicis, connexionem quandam certam & necessariam habent cum corporis constitutione, & affectum propensione. Actuales verò mores, aut futuras contingentes actiones as dignitates, verè ac cerrò praesentir [...] [...]c praedici posse ex manuum inspectione, inficior. Quoniam lineaments manus seu vitae, nullam certam aut necessariam cum actualibus moribus, aut futuris actionibus connexionem habent. Zanch. de Divinat.

—Frontemque manémque praebebit vati.

Juv. Sat. 1.

Aristotle in his singular book of Physiognomy hath made no mention of Chi­romancy, yet I beleeve the Egyptians, who were addicted to those abstruse and mysticall sciences had a knowledge therein, to which those vagabond and coun­terfeit Egyptians did after pretend, and perhaps retained a few corrupted prin­ciples, [Page 52] which sometimes might verifie their prognosticks. D r Brown. Religio Medici.

See of them Camerar. Histor. Meditat. l. 1. c. 17.

II. Of Natural Magick.

Magicarum artium usum inde coepisse inter homines existimo, quod Diabolus se­cutus exem­plum consue­tudinis & colloquiorum Dei, cum san­ctis Patribus, eodem modo alias alia specie sese exhibuit hominibus, ut hujus imitationis & colloquiorum occasione se facilius insinuaret, & à verbo Dei aversos animos, ad petendas à se, & expectandas declarationes, admonitiones, patefactiones, & alia hujus generis assuefaceret. Gasp. Peuc. De Divinat-generibus, p. 309. Magi, vox, ut multis videtur Persica, quae licet jam infamis, primo tamen honori fuit, & vel Philosophum, vel ut vult Appuleius sacerdotem significabat. Ouzel. animadvers. ad Minut. Felic octav. Vide Dilher. Disp. Acad. Tom. 2. p. 184.Some distinguish between Natural, Artificial and Diabolical, though others dislike them all.

Zoroaster is said first to invent this Art of Magick. Vide Aug. De Civ. Dei. l. 21. c. 14. & Polyd. Verg. De Invent. Rerum. l. 1. c. 22.

Magick flourished especially among the Persians.

One saith, Magia est ars impetrandi à Diabolo quicquid ipsi praescripseris. Magick is an Art of obtaining of the Devil whatsoever thou shalt command him. As Christianity is an Art of obtaining from God what is profitable, so Magick is an Art of obtaining from the Devil what thou shalt command him. For the Devil is the Author and worker of those things which the Magicians work; though one saith, The Art is but Naturalis Philosophiae absoluta consummatio, the absolute per­fection of natural Philosophy.

Plinie speaketh of Moses his Myracles, though he do ill in calling him a Magi­cian, for, 1. what likenesse is there between the illusions of a Magician, which vanish away in the twinkling of an eye, and the leading of a mighty great Nation through the Sea, Jannes and Jambres Ma­gicians resisted Moses, 2 Tim. 3.8. and which is more, the maintaining of them from hunger and thirst so long a time. There is no Law in the world doth so expresly forbid Magick as doth the Law of Moses, as if the Law would thereby purposely prevent this slander.

Benno the Cardinal in the life of Hildebrand relates, that five Popes Sylvester the 3 d, Diabolicis artibus Sylve­ster tertius Pontifex eva­sit. De quo Stellu devitis Pont. in Sylv. III. Platina aliique. Romanus Pontifex, Diabolo adjuvante, constitutus, bac tamen lege; ut post obitum, totus illius, & in anima, & in corpore, esset. Gomarus Disp. 21. De Antichrist [...]. Benedictus the 9 th, John the 20. and 21, Gregory the 7 th, did wholly give themselves to the Devil that they might be Popes.

He hath a notable story there of Hildebrand, about his carring a book of Necro­mancy still with him.

Libels, or Libri famosi are to be forbidden, blasphemous books to be abolisht, but Magical books are to be burnt, Act. 19.19.

Chymistae vocantur, qui vi ignis cor­pora hete­rogenea sol­vere, homo­genia coa­gulare no­runt. Quia Aegyptum sa­cra lingua à sacerdotibus Chemiam vocatam scribit Plutarchus: Videri potest, artem istam jam inde ab Hermete Trismegisto, sacerdotibus familiarem, ad perpetuam ortus sui memoriam, Chemiae, quasi Aegyptiae nomen traxisse, quam postea Arabes, ab Aegyptiis susceptam, excoluerunt, & unà cum Philosophia Graecanica sensim Europoeo orbi communicarunt, articulo linguae suae familiari auctiorem Alchimiam appellantes. Hanc Theophrastus Paracelsus, vir in hoc genere admiraculum usque excellens, Spagiricam n [...]ncopavit: non inepra, ut videtur originatione: quando quidem [...], in extrahendo sive separando & congregando five coagulando tota occupatur. Melch. Adam. in vita Paracelsi,Alchimy an Art full of errours and vanity Sir Francis Bac. Advanc of Learning, lib. 1. cap. 4. Arc Chymica a [...]s falsissima & fallacissima. Habent ejus artis multa opuscula à doctis viris conscripta, inter quos priorem locum haber Geber. Habent & alium quendam antorem, qui de hac arte ingent edidit volumen, inscriptum Attogrehi: Hic Bagadedae principi à secretis fuit, Meand. Geog. partes. yet this right is due to it, that it may truly be compared to the Husbandman, whereof Aesop makes the Fable, That when he died, told his sonnes he had left unto them a great masse of gold buried under ground in his vineyard, but did not remember the particular place where it was hidden; Who when they had with spades turn'd up all the vineyard, they found no gold; but by reason of their stirring and digging the mold about the roots of their Vines, they had a great vintage the year following: so the painfull search and stirre of Alchymists to make gold, hath brought to light a great number of good and fruitfull experiments, as well for the disclosing of nature, as the use of mans life.

[Page 53]The Alchymists or Chymicks too much extoll their spirits.

The chiefest Chymicks among the Ancients, Prudentissimè cuidam de suit spiritibus glo­rianti, re­spondisse fet­tur Angliae Regina Eli­zabetha; si spiritus puri essemus, solis quoque spiritibus curari & nutriri possemus. Scunert. lib. de Chymic. cap. 10. Tycho Brahe (who was given to the study also himself) reckons up to be these, Hermes Tresmegistus, Geber, Rupes­cissa, Arnoldus de Villa-nova, Raymundus Lullius, Thomas Aquinas, Roger Bacon, Albertus Magnus. To which he addes, Isaack Holland, and Theophrastus Pa­racelsus.

The Cabbalisticall Art is also vain, though magnified too much in these dayes. Impium Cabalistarum Commentum, qui decem Dei veri nominibus & Angelorum, quorum me­minerunt sacrae literae, ea quae magni­fica specie pollicentur, & Diabolo ju­vante Deo permittente, quandoque confirmant, peragere se affirmant. Gasp. Penc. De Divinat. gene­ribus, p. 323. The Schoolmen were said to turn Divinity in utrum non in usū. D. Stought. The Schoolmen in their vast volumes were well said, mag­no conatu nihil agere, and their per­plexed distin­ctions justly called operosae nugae, which they themselves rather coin'd then understood. M. Herles Moral Prudence, c. 13. Scholastici vel hoc nomine non tanti sunt a nobis faciendi, quia in Justificationis articulo vix quicquam tradiderunt solidi. D. Prideaux. Ego Ludovico Vivi subscribam, qui Theologiam Scholasticam non artes solummodo bonas, sed & ipsam Theologiam peremisse asserit. Calv. Comment. in 1 Tim. 1.1. Vide plura ibid.

The Jews hold, that Moses received a double Law from God in the Mount, one in writing, or delivered in writing, the other by mouth, or delivered by mouth. This last (say they) was successively delivered by Moses to posterity, first to Joshua, by him to the Elders, and by them to the first Prophets, and then to the last Pro­phets, amongst whom the last of all were Zachary, Haggai, Malachi, these de­livered it to the men of the great Synagogue, which were Ezra with his company, who restored the Law to its ancient purity, from whom the wise men following re­ceived it in succeeding generations, and this double Exposition which the Jews glo­ry in is yet found among their wise men, they name the Cabala.

Joannes Picus de Mirandula first amongst the Latines made mention of this Ca­bal of the Hebrews.

Because there are six Alephs in the first verse of the first Chapter of Genesis, and Aleph signifies a thousand, therefore they say the world shall last six thousand years.

Some learned men (as Chamier, and others) likewise tax School-Divinity.

Mihi quidem satis est, si quando succisivis horis huc diverto, ad Thomam, aut Petrum de Aquila, aut Majorem, aut Nicolaum de Orbellis, aut Cardinalem de A­liaco, & hujusmodi molestissimorum hominum turbam: non equidem ut delectationem capiam: sed eò tantum ut animum satiem: non aliter quàm si quis aliquando pala­tium visitans, post aularum, cubiculorum, coenaculorum magnificentiam, eti­am latrinas non dedignetur aspicere, sed paucis, ob faetorem. Chamier. Epist. I [...]suit.

Gaudeo (saith Luther) me è Scholastica Theologia erutum & gratias ago Christo Deo m [...]o

And in his first Tom [...] de octavo praecepto. Vocantur Doctores Scholastici, & hoc proprissimo veroque nomine, Scholastici enim sunt, id est, ludicri, & lusores, imò & illuser [...]s, tam sui quam aliorum.

See Antonie du Verdier his learned Preface of Learning to his Bibliotheque.

Before I proceed to speak of the Languages, Vide Bibliand. De ratione Communi omnium lin­guarum & literarum. c. 6. Et Polyd. Verg. De Invent. rerum, l. 2. c 7. Ars Typogra­phica inventa in Germania, anno aerae Christi 1411. Helv. Chron 1440 Calvis. Chron. Tres hae singulares artes, bombardica, Typographia, Nautica Germaniae inventa sunt. Joannes Guttenbergius Argentinensis artem impressoriam, seu excusoriam, novum scribendi genus, primus excogitavit anno 1440. in urbe Argentinensi inde veniens Moguntiam eam foeliciter perfecit. Gen [...]. Chronol. l. 4. Vide Pasquier, Recherich. de la France. lib 9. c. 29. I shall say something of that usefull Art of Printing.

Cardan, lib. 17. de artibus saith, It is an Art inferiour to none, neither in profit, dignity, nor subtilty.

How speedily doth it conveigh Learning from one Nation and Age to another?

Imprimis ille die, quantum vix scribitur axno.

Pasquier saith, One may see the world traversed in these two inventions, a Monk the Inventer of Artillery, and a Souldier of Printing, Recherch de la France, lib 9. cap. 29.

[Page 54] Cujus benefi­cio clarissimi scriptores ex bonarum lite­rarum naufra. gio superstites, in mille transfunderentur exemplatia, & in multorum manus ad incomparabile totius Reipublicae Christianae praesidium, salubriter perveni [...]ent. Middendorp. De Academ. l. 3.By printing many Greek and Latine Authors have been preserved from destru­ction. Auctores plurimos, tam Gracos quàm Latinos, ab omni prorsus interitus peri­culo vindicavit. Polyd. Virg. De Invent. rerum l. 2. c. 7.

It is commonly said, That Tullies Offices was the first book that was printed.

Ciceronis officia prima omnium librorum typis aeneis impressa sunt. Exemplar offi­cierum istorum habeo in membrana impressum. Schol. Mathem. Rami, l. 2.

There were some famous Printers.

Aldus Manutius Of Aldus Manutius, See Antoine Du Verdier hic Preface to hic Bibliotheque. Crispinum amisimus, politum & tersum Typographum. Beza Epist. 6., and after him Paulus his Sonne in Venice; in France, Crispi­nus, Henry Stevens the Father to Charles, and Charles to Robert, Robert to Henry, and Henry to Paul, all Printers.

Christopher Vir typographia suâ praeclarè de studiis meritus. Voss. De Imitat. Poet. Plantine of Antwerp a most famous and learned Printer.

There is a Book intituled, Index Libroram Qui ex Typographia Plantiniana pro­dierunt. Oporinus Celebris parentum aevo Basileae Typographus fuit, cui nomen Ioanni Oporino. Voss. de vitiis Sermonis, c. 9.

Frobenius, he was Erasmus his faithfull Printer.

Daniel Bombergus who deserves special praise for his care and diligence in setting forth the Bible with the Chaldee Paraphrase, Rabins Commentaries, and the Ma­sora, besides many other Hebrew books. R. Gedaliah in his Shalsheleth doth speak honourably of him in this respect.

Nec tamen dicere dubita­mus magnam reprehensio­nem mereri Typographos qui quocunque tandem affectu ducantur, pessimis ejusdem scriptis orbem impleverunt, quos etiam si magistratus non castiger, Dominus tamen castigabit. Bezae Epist. 4.Some Printers are to be blamed, who for lucre sake are ready to print any book though never so corrupt and pernicious.

I have heard that George Bishop the Printer in London would not sell any Popish Books either to Papists or any that were like to be seduced by them.

CHAP. VI. Of the Languages.

COnstat Graecos & Latinos peregrinae linguae voces, dum suae lingua dece­ro, & compositioni student, prodigiosè corrupisse. Leland. Comment. in Cigu. Cant.

Languages do often much change in processe of time. The French, Spanish and Italian, coming from the Latine are much fallen from the puri­ty of the Latine tongue. None of the French will now understand the Laws of England published by William the Conqueror in the Norman without an Inter­preter.

Languages differ much in common names, but not in proper; all Languages say almost in the same manner, Adam, Abraham, Moses, David, Jesus, Socrates, Plato, Caesar, C. Caro, Carolus, and in the like.

The Confusion of Languages was brought in at the building of the Tower of Babel, Peccati poena est tot esse lin­guas, Lud. Viv. de Trad. Dis­cip. l. 3. as Moses the Hebrew Prophet in the 11 th Chapter of Genesis, and Josephus the Hebrew Historian in the 4 th Chapter of his first book of Jewish Antiq. evident­ly demonstrate.

The punishment of strange Languages was a heavy punishment, next to our ca­sting out of Paradise, and the Flood. M r Wheat. Protot. ch. 7.

[Page 55]The holy Ghost descended upon the Apostles in the shape of tongues. Quid autem lingua dissecta aliud (saith one) quam variarum linguarum cognitionem por­tenderunt?

Bibliander saith, There are seventy seven Languages commonly reckoned, De ratione communi omnium Linguarum, c. 1.

The Hebrew Language was the first and most ancient, Varia lingua­rum genera & permulta qui­dem, sive septuaginta duo, sive plura vel pauciora jam inde ab aedificatione Turris extitisse pro comperto habetur. Imm [...] ut alii volunt ex illa aedificatione seu potius insania, tanta hominum sermonis varietas, linguarumque confusio innata est, ut quot orbis regiones sunt tot hominum linguae sint: prius enim universa terra, teste Moyse, labii unius erat. Ang. Roch. De Append. Bib. Vatic. de Dialect. and the onely Language before the building of the Tower of Babel.

Ansten saith, It is better to be in the company of a known dog, then in a mans society whose speech is unknown to us. Linguarum diversitas ho­minem alienat ab homin [...], nam si duo sibimet invicem siant obviam, neque praeterite, sed simul esse aliqua necessitate cogantur, quorum neuter norit linguam alterius, facilius sibi animalia muta etiam diversi generis, quàm illi cùm sint homines ambo sociantur, & quando enim quae sentiunt inter se communicate non possunt, propter solam linguarum diversi­tatem nihil prodest ad consociandos homines tanta similitudo naturae: Ita ut libentius homo sit cum cane suo quam cum homine alieno. August. l. 19. De civit. Dei, c. 7.

The Hebrew tongue kept its purity, and remained uncorrupted, though other tongues were added to it, and derived from it.

It is reported of Mithridates, that he spake two and twenty Languages. Mithridatem Ponti regem solum morta­lium viginci duabus linguis locutum cer­tum est. Gesueri Mithridates De differentiis linguarum. Animo fuit excultissimo: quippe non Graecis, nec vulgaribus tantùm litteris eruditus: sed, quod permirum sit ac omnino rarum & inauditum, viginti duarum gentium quas dictioni suae subjectas habebat linguas ita percalluit, ut cum earum hominibus sine interp [...]et [...] n [...]n minus scite, quam si inde fuisset oriundus, loqui militésque sine monitore sa [...]utare & appel. are potuerit. Waj [...] ad Gesn. Mith. Comment. Vide Anl. Gel. Noct. At. Gesner therefore writing a Book of divers Languages, styles it Mithridates Gesneri. Vide R. Episc. Uss. Annal. partem posteriorem. p. 142. Et Theodorum, Bibliandrum. De Ra­tione Communi omnium Linguarum, c. 1.

Benedictus Arias Montanus in his Preface to the King of Spains Bible, professeth that he understood ten Languages.

Godesohalcus Praetorius, a man of great wit and vast memory, and famous in all kinde of Learning, once a singular ornament of the University of Francford in Germany, understood fourteen Tongues, saith Neander in the first part of his Geo­graphy.

Postell shews, that he was skilfull in fifteen Languages.

Schindler and De Dieu were Polyglottists.

Joseph Scaliger and our Bishop Andrews had also knowledge in severall Lan­guages.

Theodorus Bibliander De Ratione Communi omnium Linguarum, cap. 1. saith thus of himself, Equidem ut de uberiori aliqua perfusione divini spiritus gloriari non possum nec debeo, ita beneficia Christi servatoris minimè vel modestum, vel religiosum est dissimulare. Fateórque me non tam labore & diligentia & ingenii quodam acumi­ne singulari, quam ex merito & gratia, & dono principis nostri opt. max. Jesu Christi consecutum esse facultatem aliquam scribendi & loquendi, aut certè judicandi de iis linguis, quae totum orbem terrarum longè lateque possident. Vide plura ibid.

The common use of all Languages is twofold: Vide Drus. ad difficil. loc. Genes. c. 74 &c 91. Mercer. ad Gen. 11.1. & ad v. 31. & ad Gen 31 47. Effusione enim Spiritus Sancti miraculosâ in festo pentecostes, id effectum fuit, ut confusio Lingua­rum (uti etiam loquitur excellentissimus noster Johan. Gerbard. Th. Doct. ejusque Professor Jenensium femosissimus, in libro meditationum suarum devotissimarum c. 22. propè finem) quae p [...]ena fuerat superbiae & ten [...]eritatis in aedi­ficanda turre Babylonis, fuerit sublara, jamque dispersae illae gentes per diversitatem linguarum in unitatem [...]; Spiritus Sancti munere congregatie sunt. Cr [...]s. Discurs. de Consul. Ling. c. 11.

One, That others may discover their minde to us.

Another, That we likewise may reveal our minde to them.

As the confusion of tongues at Babel had caused the casting off of the Gentiles, [Page 56] by severing them from the participation of the true Religion (which was onely professed and known in the Hebrew tongue) so was the gift of tongues to be a needfull means to bring them into Religion again; when every one may hear of the things of God in his own Language.

The Languages may be divided into Oriental and Occidental:

1. Oriental; Hebrew, Chaldee, Samaritan, Syriack, Arabick, Aethiopick, Persian, Armenian, Coptick.

2. Occidental; Greek, Latine, Spanish, French, Italian, German, English, and Scla­vonick, which is spoken very generally.

The Oriental tongues are written and read from the right hand to the left, ex­cept the Aethiopick and Armenian.

The Grecians at first did write forward and backward, whence that phrase, Li­teras exarare and lineae, are called versus, and thence that was a most profitable and grave Decree of the Councel of Vienna, Vide Bocharti Geog. sac. celebrated under Clement the 5 th, That there should be in Universities publick professours of the Hebrew, Chaldee and Arabick tongues, which should teach them, and translate books out of them into Latine for the propagation of the Faith, and more easie conversion of the In­fidels.

Sigismundus Gelenius hath written L [...]ticum Symphonum.

Quo quatnor Linguarum Europae familiarium, Gracae scilicet, Latinae, Germanica, ac Sclavinicae concordia judicatur.

Bibliander De ratione communi omnium linguarum, layes down an easie me­thod of learning a Language, Qui enim dictiunculas principales, & themata singulis diebus discat, & aliquid tribuat regulis derivandi, flectendi, & componendi, utque ordinem & constructionis leges cògnoscat, centesimo die per otium linguam per­didicit. He saith there, That there are a thousand original words of the Latine tongue, and themata bis mille linguae Hebraeae, two thousand roots of the Hebrew tongue.

There are three principal or learned Languages, the Hebrew, Greek and Latine.

1. Of the Hebrew

Of Languages, the Hebrew as it is the first and most ancient of all, so it alone seems to be pure and sincere, Nostri etiam seculi omnes propemodum docti, primas linguae He­braeae deferunt, excepto unico Goropio Be­cano, qui Belgicam suam principem antiquitate asserere, sed frustra & admodum languide, allaborat. Crinesiò Discursus de confusione Linguarum, cap. 1, Vide plura ibid. Ut Biblia [...]d. de Ratione Communi omnium lin­guarum, cap. 5. It is most certain that the Hebrew langage from the beginning of the world to this present, never received any alteration or corruption in its dialect or manner of speech. See Jerom in his Preface to the Prophet Jeremiah, in his last Epistle to Paulus Urbicus, and in his Exposition on the third Chapter of Zephany. Re [...]chlin in his Book of the Jews Cabala. Augustinus Steuchus in his Annotations on the 37 Chapter of Genesis, and divers others quoted by Duret, Histoire Des Langues De cest univers. all the rest almost are mixt: for there is none of them which hath not certain words derived and corrupted from the Hebrew. So the Latines have not onely borrowed many words of Art from the Grecians, but also of things which they found in their books. So the Latine tongue was corrupted by the Gothes in Italy, France and Spain.

Some think that the English Language is most mixt and corrupt of all. Munster in the second Book of his universal Cosmography, saith, The English tongue is compounded of many Languages. In times past (he saith) it was pure Germane, as one may know by Beda, who was born in England.

Hac Hebraica sive Judaica lingua quae & sacra dicitur, Vetus Testamentum conscriptum fuit. Profecto Liber fere solus purus Hebraicus habetur, ut eruditi affirmant: alii enim iisdem Characteribus Conscripti vel Chaldaici sunt, vel alias dialectos & glossas habent admi­xtas. Ang. Roch. Append. Bib. Vat. de dialectis.The Mysteries of God, and our salvation were delivered by God, and received by the holy Fathers and Prophets in the Hebrew tongue.

Textus bibli­eus unus He­braismi pu­ri & antiqui thesaurus nobis superest. Pocock. Not. Miscel. in Por [...]am Mosis. c. 3.The Hebrew tongue excels all others in dignity, pleasure, profit and necessity. The antiquity of it demonstrates its dignity, the simplicity and grace of it its plea­sure. [Page 57] It is the fountain of all other Languages, of the Indian, Persian, Babylonian, Armenian, Syriack, Arabick, the Egyptian, Aethiopick, and therefore profita­ble. Beckman shews, that many Greek words are derived from it. Nulla enim est lingua, quae non ab He­braica derivata quaedam & corrupta voca­bula habeat. Gesneri Mi­thridates. Hoc verissimum esse, vel una vox Hebraica ab clarissimè docet. Ab hac enim nata est vox Chaldaica, Aethiopica, Arabica abbá. Was. Comment. ad Methridat. By it we are instructed in the knowledge of God and the Church, and our selves, therefore it is very necessary.

The Punique tongue was the Canaanitish or old Hebrew See Brerewoods Enquiries, ch. 7. Language, that which was vulgarly spoken among the Jews before the Captivity.

Amongst Christians for more then a thousand years from Christ, none scarce did adorn the Hebrew Language unlesse very few. The Jews were in such hatred, that their very Language was vilified. Origen of Alexandria learned it of a Jew called Hill, not without trouble, and the publick upbraiding of Celsus. Jerom also of Stridona a Monk and Presbyter, learned this Language at Bethlehem, espe­cially in the night time of a Jew, fearing his Countreymen, whose name was Bar­hanina, whence Ruffinus becoming his enemy objected to him, that leaving Christ he followed Barabbas, He neglecting that calumny went on stoutly, and taught many religious Virgins this Language, that they might sing Hebrew Psalms. After Jerom, who flourished in the year of Christ 385. followed John Damascene, who li­ved in the year of Christ, 730. Nicholas Lyra was converted from Judaism in the year of Christ, 320. Afterward Paulus Burgensis was converted from Ju­daism. And this was the lot of that holy Language even unto the year of Christ 1440. when Printing was invented, and the studies of Languages and Learning began to flourish. Here among the Christian restorers of the holy tongue Reuclin was the first. He learned the Greek tongue of Greek exiles (amongst whom was Chalcondylas) and the Hebrew of the Jews, and he illustra­ted both. The ice being broken by him, Hebrew Bibles were printed first at Pi­sauna, after at Venice, and in Italy. Faelix Pratensis, Daniel Bombergus his master in the holy tongue, the Author and Moderator of his famous printing in the He­brew, much adorned this Language, by publishing Hebrew Bibles, which are cal­led Veneta & Bombergiana.

Augustinus Justinianus Nebriensis Episcopus put forth Psalterium octaplum.

Petrus Galatinus flourished in Spain, also Franciscus Ximenes Archbishop of Toledo, and Cardinal, who procured the Edition of Opus Complutense, & Benedi­ctus Arias Montanus Hispalensis, who being helped together with his Collegues by the munificence of Philip the second King of Spain, promoted that kingly work, the Spanish and Plantine Bible.

In France Sanctes Pagninus Lucensis professed this tongue, The Author of the Treasury of the Hebrew tongue, Franciscus Vatablus, which incouraged and fur­thered Robert Stevens in printing so elegantly the Hebrew Bible at the charge of Francis the first King of France. John Mercer who together with Bonaventure Cornelius Bertram and Antonius Cevallerius inriched Pagnines Treasury with An­notations.

To these may be added William Postell and Nicholas Clenard, who travelled far out of their love to the Hebrew and Oriental tongues.

In Germany after Capnio or Reuchlin, Conrad [...]s Pellican, Sebastian Munster, John Oecolampadius, Luther, Aurogallus, Forster, Zigler, John Albert Widman­stadius, Andraeas Masius, Paulus Fagius, John Avenarius, John Drusius, Waser, John Buxtorf the Father and Sonne, George Cruciger, and others bestowed their pains to good purpose in this Language.

Wakefield Primus om­nium in An­gliam Chal­daeum, Hebrae­um, Arabi­cumque invexit, & illa publicè in utraque Academia docuit. Wakefield de se in orat. de laudibus & utilitate trium ling. Arab. Chald. & Hebraic. of old taught Hebrew in England.

Of later time Edward Livelie in Cambridge.

Hugh Broughton and Nicholas Fuller did also excell in that Language.

[Page 58] See Arias Mon [...]anus his Preface to his book De He­braicis Idiotismis, and his book intituled Communes & familiares Hebraicae linguae idiotismi.The Hebrew Language in a few words comprehends much matter, is very signi­ficant, it hath a gravity, sweetnesse, vivacity, and marvellous efficacy in its words, periods.

Qui Ebraeam linguam com­pendio vult discere, assues▪ cer uni Grammaticae, eique methodicae & plenae. Nihil enim magis Tyroni noxium quam per multas Gram­maticas volare. Sixtini Amana Consilium de Ebraico faeliciter instituendo.The way to learn the Hebrew tongue, is to inure ones self to one methodi­cal and compleat Grammer. Some much commend Martinius his Hebrew Grammer.

Of the Chaldee Language.

Hac lingua in Aegypto, & Aethiopia eru­ditiores u [...]un­tur, ut à multis accepi Hebrai­cae confinis est, nec multo magis quàm Dorica à Grae­ca communi dissert. Ang. Roch. Appendix Bib. Vatic. De Dialectis. Haec lingua unâ cum Chaldaeorum & Assyriorum Monarchia, liberalium artium cultu, legumque ac ju [...]ium tractatione exculta, longe lateque pomaeria sua protulit. Prae caeteris linguis, sanctae maximè affinis est Chaldaica, inquit Elias Levita. Nam praecipua diversitas in terminatione, mutatione, litterarum & punctorum articulorumque variatione consistit. Interdum tamen quaedam apud Chaldaeos vocabula occurrunt, quae ab Hebraeis non frequentantur, vel planè non usurpantur. In hac lingua Daniel & Esdras magnam partem conscripti sunt. Hujus linguae vocabula nonnulla reperias in Jobo, Proverbiis, Jeremia, & alibi. Waseri Comment. ad Mithridatem Gesueri. Chaldaea sunt in lege seu Mose Gen. 31.47. duae voces: in Prophetis Jer. 10.11. versus integer in Hagiograph Ez [...]aea c. 4.7. usque 6.19. & 7.12. usque 27. v. Daniele 24. usque 8.1. Unde illud, ne sit lingua Aramaea levis in oculis tuis, quoniam invenimus in lege, & in Prophetis, & in scriptis sanctis seu hagiographis, quod ille sanctus benedictus ipse (Deus) tribuit ei honorem. Wal. Epist. Walae [...] Gomarus.During the seventy years Captivity of the Jews in Babylon, there was a mixture of the Hebrew and Chaldee Language, as is evident by the writings of the Prophet Daniel, composed of both, as Jerom hath well observed in his Preface upon that Prophet, as also by the writings of Ezra, and more evidently in the Chaldee Paraphrases.

The Syriack and Chaldee are as it were but dialects of the Hebrew (differing not much more then Northern and Western speech from plain English) and though they be nearly allied to the Hebrew, yet they are nearer one to the other, insomuch that some reckon them both one.

Those Christians are a terrour to the Jews who are indifferently skilled in the Thargum and the Rabbins, for they know that many pillars of Judaism are most vehemently shaken, yea overthrown in them. The more the pity that these most profitable studies are so neglected in those places where the Jews most resort.

Many Christians in Syria use this Language in Grammaticis & sacris about the mountain Libanus.

The Samaritan Language.

Totidem ver­bis quot Ju­daei, ne una quidem mi­nus, au [...] am­plius, Penta­teuchum legunt. Et quod caput est, literis non adulterinis, ut Judaei, sed meris Mosaicis characteribus, ut planè à Postello proditum est, & res ipsa loquitur. Scalig. De emendat. Temp. lib. 7.It hath no other letters and characters proper to it, but the Hebrew letters and characters, yet most ancient. Many Jews at this day dwelling in Syria, and chiefly in the Town of Sichem, use this Samaritan Language, which are called Sama­ritans.

The Syriack tongue, which is very like to the Hebrew, witnesseth that the He­brews have two and twenty letters, for they also have two and twenty in sound alike, but divers characters. The Samaritans also write the Pentateuch of Moses in so many letters; and it is certain that Ezra after the taking of Hierusalem, and the restauration of the Temple under Zorobabel, found out other letters which we now use, when to that time the characters of the Samaritans, and the Hebrews were the same.

Of the Syriack Language.

It is called also Lingua Aramaea, Esa. 36.11. The new translation hath, Hoc sacrosan­ctum est idio­ma, quo uti dignatus est Dominus no­ster Jesus Christus filius Dei, Deus verus, & verus homo: cùm in terris visibiliter ageret. Propte­rea vocant Christianam, quia Domi­no Christo familiaris fuit. Ea utuntur Asiatici om­nes Christiani, cùm inter se, tum verò praecipuè in suis sacris. Pet. Vict. Cajet. Palm. Paradig Ling. Syr. Vide plura ibid. Syrorum lingua conflata est ex Chaldaica & Hebraica. Nam habet quaedam communia cum utraque & quaedam diversa. Wasaeri Comment. ad Gesneri Mithrid. Haec lingua in diatu no exilio Babylonico pri­mordia coepit: ubi Judaei, sicut fieri solet à victis, ad aucupandam victorum gratiam, suam cum Chaldaica miscu­erunt: ex qua commixtione illa prodiit. Hanc linguam sanctissimis labris suis consecravit Christus, quum his in terris inter mortales vitam degisset: ut quae ejus & Apostolorum ae [...]ate Judaeis vernacula erat: quod docent voces, Abba, Aceldama, Bar, Bar aba, Bar Jesu, Bar jona, Bar-Timi: Bel vel Beel, Beelzebub, Bethabara, Bethania, Bethesda, Beliar, Bene rehem, Ephphata, Gabbatha, Genesara, Golgotha, Korbona, Mammona, Ribbi, Talitha-Kumi, & aliae; quae merè sunt Syriacae, & passim in Novo Testamento occurrunt. In hac lingua exstat translatio totius Novi Testamenti vetustissima & elegantissima, ac proinde divinam apud doctiores veneratio­nem habens: quum vel ab Apostolis ipsis, vel â discipulis eorum conscripta credatur. Waseri Comment. ad Mithrid. Gesn. the Sy­rian Language, the old, The Aramites Language.

The Syriack tongue is certainly thought to have had beginning in the time of the Captivity of the Jews in Babylon, while they were mingled among the Chaldeans. In which long revolution of seventy years, the vulgar sort of the Jews forgot their own language, and began to speak the Chaldee; but yet pronouncing it amisse, and framing it somewhat to their own Countrey fashion, in notation of points, affixes, conjugations, and some other properties of their ancient speech, it became a mixt Language of Hebrew and Chaldee. Brerewoods Enquiries touching the Diver­sity of Languages and Religions through the chief parts of the world, ch. 9.

Guido Fabricius clearly demonstrates the vulgar tongue of Jury in the dayes of our blessed Saviours pilgrimage here upon earth to be Syriack, which (saith Ma­sius) grew out of the mixture of the ancient Chaldee and Hebrew, and was so dif­ferent from the latter, that the one could not be understood by the other. The Preface to Brerewoods Enquiry.

Crinesius commends the Syriack Grammer of Mafius, Mercer, Tremellius and especially Wasers. But De Dieu's is an excellent one.

Of the Arabick.

It is 1. a very ancient Language, Si ut homini­bus, ita linguis etiam genus & prosapia nobilitatem addat, nostra uni cedit He­braeae, primae huic (nec longo sane intervallo proxima) & divinae parentis germanissima filia. Greav. Orat. De Linguae Arab. util. & praestant. Sive autem Hagarenos & Saracenos, sive Arabes dixeris uno nomine, lingua usi sunt, hodiéque utuntur eâ, quae praeter Hebraeam & Chaldaeam omnibus caeteris prior & antiquior est, & quasi mater earum censetur, in Africa, Asiaque ita vigens, ut eam infantes à matribus suis haurire possint. Crines. De confus. Ling. c. 6. Vide plura ibid. Hinc usum ejus obtinere & in pretio esse videmus, non apud Arabes tantum, sed & Mauros, Poenos, Nubios, Aegyptios, Syros, Chaldaeos, Turcas, Armenos, Persas, [...]artaros, Indos; item Graecos, Macedones, Thraces, Ungaros, & alios Europae populos; ne multis, apud majorem earum gentium partem, quae orbem antiquis cognitum incolunt. Erpen. Orat. De Ling. Arab. Namque in ipsa Heberi familia primum nata Arabica lingua, cum gente sua & longe diffusa, & in proprio semper conservata solo, tandem quoque extra illud ita propagata fuit, ut hodiè extremos orientis & occidentis terminos conjungat; per tanta terrae lati­fundia sacri & profani doctarumque mentium jam per multa saecula interpres. Golii Paefat. ad Lexicon Arabico Latin. Illud enim inter eruditos pridem convenit, Nullam unquam ab orbe condito linguam latè adecò diffusam, aut plus terrarum occupasse. Non enim in Arabia modo, amplissima quidem regione tanquam privato lare habitavit, sed Asiam penè universam, maximam Africae, haud mediocrem Europae partem peruaga [...]a est. Greav Orat. De Ling. Arab. util. & praestant. Nulla Lingua hodiè, nec usquam olim in tot partibus orbis locum habuit. Postellus. as Jerom shews in his Commentaries upon the Prophet Esay, and in his Preface to Daniel and Job; and Erpenius in his first Orat. De ling. Arab.

2. It is of larger extent now then any other Language, almost the third part of the habitable world acknowledgeth it.

Although I be farre from their opinion, which write (too overlashingly) that the Arabian tongue is in use in two third parts of the inhabited world, or in more, yet I finde that it extendeth very farre, and specially where the Religion of Mahu­med is professed. Brerew. Enquir. ch. 8.

Ejus beneficio valebimus sine interprete conversari cum Mauro, Aegyptio, Syro, [Page 60] Persa, Turcho, Tartaro, Indo, & ut semel dicam, ferè in toto terrarum orbe. Postellus.

3. It is an elegant Language whether we consider the plentie of words, and the force of signification, or the sweetnesse of the phraseology, or the facility and gravity of the whole Language. All these particulars Erpenius proves in his first Oration. De Ling. Arab. and M r Greaves saith, it exceeds both the Greek and Latine in number of words.

Vide Pocock. Not. Miscel. in portam Mosis.4. It is a profitable Language. He that hath the knowledge of this Language, may travell without an Interpreter almost all over Africa and Asia. There are many words in the Hebrew Bible, and the most ancient and profitable Chaldee Translation of it, and many manners of speaking whose signification and sense cannot be had but out of this Language. Without the knowledge of this Lan­guage, how shall the impious opinion of Mahomet be either fully known or refuted?

It gives great light to the Syriack, Aethiopick, Persian, and other Languages, to the Mathematicks, Nulla, mi Lector, lingua est (Graecam & Latinam excipio) quae plura solidae eruditionis & encyclopaediae monumenta continet. In Theologia multos ea & graves scripto­res habet. In re medica, bone Deus, quanta è scriptorum Caterva memorabo, Rhasin, Abin Sennam, Mesuem, Serapionem? Quam bonos, quam serios scriptores: Mathemeticis omnium charissimi Arabes: quia Mathematica illis. Hac enim artes hi prae caeteris na­tionibus invenerunt, coluerunt, perfecerunt. Testes mihi Geber, Haly, Thebit, Alphraganus, Albumasar, & alii multi graves & actri ingenii authores, quorum inventa in his artibus valdè celebrantur. Bedw. Praef. ad Joh. Apost. Epist. Cathol. Arab. Vide Erpenii Orat. 2. De Lingua Arabica. Ad medicinam & humani corporis salutem nati planè videntur, neque ulli artem hanc meliore Phoebo, aut dextro magis numine aggressi sunt. Greav. De Linguae Arab. util. & praestant. Quos inter classem ducit naturae nostrae miraculum poenè Avicenna, in Philosophia vix Stagiri [...]â minor, medendi arte nihil Galen cedens, idem cum maximis oratoribus facundiae gloria conferendus. Id. ibid. they having invented the Algebra, and having Mathemati­cians more acurate then Ptolomy, to Physick, Avicenna, Mesua, Serapio, Rasis were famous Physicians. Averroes, Avicenna and others much adorned Philoso­phy. They have very many famous Poets, Historians. Ingentes Historiarum co­pias habent, obscurae & sepultae jam antiquitati lucem vitamque allaturas. Poetarum illis seges densissima est, ut nullibi terrarum major ingeniorum messis provenerit, saith M r Greaves in his Oration.

He commends it also for its facility, for here are no dialects at all, no turnings of flexions, no anomalies.

Mercer, Joseph Scaliger, Francis Rophelengius, Isaac Casanbone, Emanuel Tremelius, and Francis Junius, Clenard, Golius, and our Pocock and Graves highly prized this Language, and promoted the study of it.

The Arabians (saith Bedwell) translated the Syriack Testament not the Greek, as it will appear by many places to him that shall compare them, whence those things which are very well rendred by the Syriack, are also rendred ad verba by the Arabick, where the Syriack hath erred, there also the Arabick hath much more missed the mark.

Of the Ethiopick or Indian Language.

Graeci Ae [...]hio­piam dicunt ab [...], uro, & [...] visus, fa­cies, solis enim vicinitate in­colae ejus regionis ita torrentur, ut atro sint colore, adeoque immutabili. Jer. 13.20. Crines. De Consus. Ling. c. 8. Linguam Aethiopicam in multis mirificè congruere cum Hebraea, Chaldaea & Assyria inductione benè longa comprobari possit. Verùm qui linguas illas vel primoribus labris attigit, ex unico orationis dominicae, quod [...]uctor adtexuit, specimine, clarissimè potest videre. Waseri ad Mithridatem Gesneri Commentarius. Indica lingua, adeò Hebraicae, Chaldaicae & Arabicae affinis est, licet Characteribus variet, ut rara admodum sit in hac dictio, quin in aliarum aliqua repetiatur. Haec sola Orientalium, quae ab Hebraea originem habent, legitur nostro modo, à sinistra in dextram. Postellus.It is so near (saith Bibliander, De Ratione Communi omnium linguarum, cap. 2.) to the Hebrew, Chaldee, and Arabick, that there is scarce any diction which is not found in some of them.

The Ethiopians are descended from Chus the sonne of Cham.

It proceeds almost wholly from the Hebrew, Chaldee, Syriack and Arabick. They write from the left hand to the right. It hath a great passage through all the Kingdom of Ethiopia and Africk, which is of great extent. Some think the Pro­phets [Page 61] were written in the Ethiopick tongue from the times of our Saviour Christ, and his Apostles, and that the Eunuch (who was Treasurer under the Queen of Candace) read it, by which Eunuch also afterward all Ethiopia was converted to the faith of the Gospel.

Of the Persian Language.

There are many footsteps of the Persian Language in the Scripture, especially in Esther, as Ahashuerus, Esther, Hammedetha, Phur or Phurim, Gaza, Susa, Zeres, Hac de Lin­gua nihil pror­sus possideo, sed eandem jam excolere coepit vir aliâs excellentissi­mus in Linguis Anatolicis, Dn. Wilhelmus Schikhardus Tubingensium Professor Pub­licus, dominus & amicus noster venerandus, qui nuperrimè ex eadem Tarich, hoc est seriem Regum Persicorum typis evulgavit publicis. Crines. Discursus de Confusione Linguarum, c. 7. Inter omnes linguas Armenica prolatione difficillima. Bibliand. De ratione communi omnium Linguarum, c. 2. Mardochai, and others.

Persarum lingua omnium linguarum mundi facillima est. Bibliand. De Ratione Communi omnium linguarum.

M r Graves hath written of it, Persica lingua in tota ferè Asia hodiè locum habet, ut in occidente Latina, saith Waserus in his Commentary on Gesners Mithri­dates.

Of the Coptick Kircherus hath written.

Of the chief Oriental Languages, Arabick, Armenian, Syriack and Ethiopick hath Petrus Victor, Cajetanus Palma written, and Ludovicus De Dieu a Grammar of them.

Of the Greek Language.

It is a most elegant, rich and copious Language, There are seve­ral Orations in the commen­dation of the Greek Tongue by Heresba­chius, Hoelz­lin, D. Pri­deaux. Heinsius. Graeca lingua est erudita ad­modum & locuples. Et quemadmodum Latina lingua alias potest copia sua instruere ac juvare, sic Graeca tum Latinam ipsam, tam alias quoque auget & adornat: Estque perfectioni Latinitatis necessaria, non secus quàm Latina Italicae aut Hispanicae. Nec ullus absolutè suit Latini sermonis peritus, nisi & Graeco imbutus. Ex sermone enim Graeco Latinus, ex Latino Italus Hispanus & Gallus manarunt, quibus olim nationibus Latina lingua erat vernacula. Bibliander. De ratione Communi omnium linguarum. ‘Ingenium Graiis dedit ore rotundo. Musae loqui.’ Illinc sunt tropi, illinc omnes figurae sententiarum & verborum, quae unde prodeant, satis suis nominibus produnt: illinc sunt Oratores Romani, qui eloquentiam Graecis acceptam referunt. Barthol. Alex. Orat. Omitto Latinos Poëtas à Graecis omnia mutuatos esse: Terentium à Menandro, Virgilio à Theocrito, Hesiodo, Homero: Ho­ratium à Pindaro. Id. ibid. and very usefull for understand­ing of the Scripture and other Arts.

The Old Testament was translated out of Hebrew into Greek, and the New Testament was wholly written by the Apostles in this Language. Many Greek Fathers also have commented on the Scripture, or defended Religion by Theolo­gical Treatises. Grammatica, Dialectica, Rhetorica, Arithmetica, Musica, Geo­metria, and many Chronological words have come from the Greek.

Many terms in the Mathematicks cannot be understood without it.

The Greeks in their Liturgie have no Latine speech, but the Latines have divers Greek speeches in theirs. An evident proof, that the Latines have received of the Greeks the Christian Religion, and have been their Disciples. As this appears by the History of the Acts of the Apostles, where we may see the Christian Religion passed from Syria to the Greeks, and from the Greeks into Italy, and to Rome. Anatomie De La Messe, l. 5. c. 14. Thence it comes, that the most part of words used in Religion amongst the we­stern Christians are Greek, as those of Christ, Church, Apostle, Evangelist, Ba­ptism, Eucharist, Bishop, Deacon, Exorcist, Monk, Letany, Antiphonie, Chrisme.

Rom. 1.14. I am debtor both to the Greeks and Barbarians, that is, Vide Drusium ad Roman. 8.15. to all Nati­ons under heaven, bottoming his speech from the phrase of the Grecians, Graeca Lin­gua diutius est syncera & pura conservata, quàm nostra, quòd illa barbararum nationum incursus minùs sensit, quam occidens. Ludov. Viv. De Trad Disc. lib. 3. which gave the style of Barbarous for distinction sake, unto all the Nations, even the Romans, beside themselves.

[Page 62]The Greek Language is difficult by reason of the many Dialects, the Attick common, In Graeca lin­gua magni sunt recessus, & vastissimi Labyrinthi, non solum in­dialectis va­riis, sed in unaquaque illarum. Attica & Atticae proxima com­munis maximè sunt necessariae, propterea quòd & sunt facundissimae atque excultissimae: & quicquid Graeci ha­bent legi ac cognosci dignum, istis dialectis est consignatum. Reliquis utuntur authores ca [...]minum, quos non tanti est intelligi: praesertim quum non in dialectis modo, sed in apellandis rebus, & colore loquendi tantum sic inter orationem numeris solutam & adstrictam discriminis, ut non videatur esse eadem lingua. Bibliander de Ratione Communi omnium Linguarum & Literat. cap. 4. Graeca Lingua quinque distinguitur dialectis, Aeolica scilicet, Attica, Ionica, Dorica & communi. Attica verò inter caeteras elegantior & communi propior, Dorica crassissima indicatur, & in hac Eclogae & Pastorum co [...]loquia à Theocrito conscripta fuisse aiont. Aug. Roch. Append. Bib. Varic. de Dialectis. Vide Crines. de Confus. Ling. c. 9. Graeca Lingua adeò necessaria, ut vix quenquam dixerim eruditum, qui eam ignoraverit. Ringelbergius de Ratione Studii. Eolick, Ionick and Dorick. The Attick Dialect is the most elegant and usefull; the Dorick was the most gross, therefore the Eclogues and conferences of Shepherds were written by Theocritus in that Language: Yet Petrus Mosella­nus Orat. de Var. Ling. Cognit. saith, Adsit ingenium foelix, non desit discendi pro­positum constans, contingat & praeceptor non dectus solùm, sed & prudens, vel meo ipsius periculo polliceri ausim, minori & tempore, & negotio mediocrem utriusque lin­guae cognitionem posse percipi, quàm hodiè linguae semel latinae miseranda discitur balbuties.

Cato being old learned Greek, as Origen did Hebrew.

Vide Aul. Gell. Noct. Att. l. 11. c. 16. & Tur­neb. Animadv. l. 5. c. 19.There is no Language so happy in composition, as the Greek, so fit in joyning and coupling one word with another as it, as Julius Pollux a Greek Author in his Onomasticon evidently demonstrates.

All the Hebrew and Latine eloquence know not with their mystery, gravity, copiousness and eloquence, to express and utter so properly and naturally many Nowns and Verbs as are to be found frequently in the Books of Greek Au­thours.

Greek Books, (in very deed, if any after the sacred) are best able to make a man Wise and Learned. D r Casaub. of Enthus. c. 2.

At this day the Greek Tongue is very much decayed, not only as touching the largeness of it, but also in the pureness and elegancy of the Language; though it was preserved pure longer then the Latine. Thresor de L' Histoire Des Langues. De Cet univers. Par Duret. pag. 674. De couplements de mots Grecs. Brerewoods Enquiries touching the di­versity of Languages, cap. 2

Picus Mirandulanus, Hermolaus Barbarus, Bembus, Politian, were famous Ita­lians, In Graecis au­thoribus Xe­ne [...]hontis Cyrus, & So­cratici Com­mentarii, & Herodotus, & Thucydides, & Demosthe­nes, & Aristotelis libri de moribus, & de Repub. & Homerus, atque Hesiodus. Et cum ab his intermissio fi [...]ri potest, sevocandus aliquando Theocritus est, & Pindarus & Euripides & Sophocles: & si quis est alius aut Phi­losophorum, aut Historicorum, aut Poetarum, qui placeat. Sturmii Nobilitas Literata. well skild in the Greek.

By the pains of Theodorus Gaza, Luscaris, Musorus, Cretensis, Chalcondiles, Argyropylus, Trapezuntius, Chrysoloras, the Greek tongue was wonderfully spread.

Sthwartzerd was called from the Greek Melancthon, Newman, Neander, Church­yard, Polyander, Freeman, Luther, ab [...], Reuelin, Capnio.

The Germane tongue hath many words purely Greek, as Neander in the first part of his Geography shews.

Doctissimus ille quondam praeceptor meus Johannes Camerarius Dalburgius, Eccle­siae Vvormaciensis reverendissimus antistes, aliquot millia dictionum Graecarum colle­gerat, quae in utraque lingua Graeca & Germanica idem significant. Bibliand. de Ra­tione communi omnium Linguarum c. 2.

The French tongue hath a great conformity with the Greek, as both Joach. Peri­onius de Linguae Gall. cum Graeca cognat. and Henry Stevens in that Book entituled Conformité de Language Francois avec le Grec. abundantly shew.

So hath the English also divers words from them, as I have elsewhere de­clared.

[Page 63]All Learning and Wisdom is contained in the Greek Language. Quia verò in Graeca lingua suavissima, dulcissima, elegantissima, & ornatissima omnis erudita doctrina & sapientia fuit tradita, cum Deus in illa gente, quicquid literarum, artium, doctrinae ac sapientiae literatae uspiam esset, deposuisset, caepit illa lingua propagati, tum per Graecorum colonias, tùm etiam aliis rationibus per omnes fero gen [...]es omnium partium orbis terrae adeò ut non modo Scythis, Indis, quod ex Philostrato patet, sed Germanis etiam quod Willichius in Commentariis suis eruditis in Cornelium Tacitum annotavit. Graecae literae fuerint familiares, & circa Caroli magni tempora anno 800. circiter post Christum natum Graecis literis Germanica scriberent, adeò ut omnes suas rationes, om­niaque sua acta Graecè us (que) ad tempora Rudolphi Caesaris Habspurgensis scriberent. Neand. Geog. parte 1 a.

Of the Latine Tongue.

It is one of the three Learned Tongues, Legendi scri­ptores Classici quales è Lati­nis praecipuè sunt Cicero, Caesar, Teren­tius, scriptor, ut ad nomen, ipsum alluda­mus, terendus adolescentiae noctu, diuque Vossius de Phi­lologia, cap. 6. Cognosce [...]dus nobis est Ci­cero totus in lingua Latino, & Caesaris commentarii, & alustius, & Virgilias. in quo studio cum quid superest horarum, interponendum ex Plauto, & Terentio, & Varrone, & Lucretio caeteris (que) aliquid, quod ad in­telligendum facile, & ad cognoscendum sit jucundum. Nobilitas literata Sturmii. Ad Ciceronem vero quod me revocas auctorem quidem linguae Latinae summum: nec tamen solum, quaero quid aliis facias: quorum testimo­nia vim sententiae semper apud eruditissimum quemque habuerunt. Quaero item, quid un [...] saltem Va [...]roni respon­deas: qui quidem sicuti Ciceroni palmam concedit orandi causas: ita Latine loquendi sibi retinet. Quaero etiam: an quasi barbaros quosdam rejicias: Livium, Sallustium, Quintillianum, Senecam, Plinium quoque utrumque, multos alios p [...]aeterea tot saeculorum suffragiis comprobatos. Polit. Epist. l. 5. Epist. 1. in comparison of which all others are said to be barbarous.

Some hold that the flourishing, pure and incorrupt age of the Latine Tongue was from Terence, even to the times of Quintilian.

This age had Terence, Pacuvius the Poet, Lucretius and Archias Poets, Varro, Cicero, Julius Caesar, Virgill, Horace, Propertius, Tibullus, Catullus, Ovid, Salust, Columella, Livy▪ Quintus Curtius, Persius, Seneca, Silvius Italicus, and Martiall. Under Augustus Caesar the Latine tongue was most pure.

Vide Becmanni Manuduct. ad Ling. Lat. c. 6. concerning the pure Latine Au­thours, and c. 7. what Authours are most to be read, and also some Elogies of the Latine Tongue by divers Learned men.

Paesquier Recherches de la France l. 9. c. 29. reckons up the Authours which ex­celled in the Latine Tongue.

The Latine Tongue grew to perfection by certain degrees, and in Caesar and Cicero's times (whereof the one for purity, the other for copiousness were the best that ever writ) it came to the highest flourish together with the Empire.

Among the Poets, Plautus, Naevius, Accius, Pacuvius, Ennius and Virgill most refined it, among the Orators and Historians M. Cato, Sisenna, Caesar and Cicero.

The Spanish Writer of the Book which is called the Triall of Wits, ch. 4. col­lects thence, that there is a speciall agreement of the Latine Tongue with the rea­sonable soul, because mad men which never learned Latine, nevertheless sometime speak it of their own accord.

The Latine Tongue is usefull for all Arts Lingua La­tina non uni vel arti, vel genti servit: sed omnibus quaecunque sunt, ubicun (que) sunt, & artibus & generibus. Quicquid olim latuit in scri­niis sive Hebraicis, sive Graecis, sive aliis, in Latinum idioma conversum est. Beckm. Manuduct. ad Ling. Lat. c. 2. Haec cum nuspiam hodie vernacula aut materna sit, ideo ab ineunte statim aetate pueris discenda datur. Hac, quod­cunque sit, in Scholis & Academiis docetur Hac, quasi vinculo, tam variae, tam dissitae copulantur nationes. Id. ibid. and Nations.

Julius Scaliger and Joseph his sonne hold, that the Originals of the Latine speech are many of them drawn from the Greek. Crinesius de Confusione Linguarum cap. 10. proves by many instances, that the Latine Tongue proceeded from the Hebrew.

It is very commendable to speak good Latine freely, and to write in a pure and elegant style.

That is much which Fanchimus Fortius Ringelbergius Postremo animum ad­junxi ad curā Latinè ac po­litè scribendi, cujus gloria inter humanos conatus omneis summum tenere locum videtur. In hac finire vitam decrevi. Quae si da­bitur mediocriter longa, in animo est opuscula millena (id (que) summa quantum in nobis fuerit, adhibita cura Latini sermonis) ante mort [...]m conscribere: quorum corpore universo inde titulus erit Chilias. Nec prius desistere certum est, quàm it [...]aec quae dixi, perteoero, nisi mors invitum opprimat. Ex hoc numero libellos nuper undeviginti absol­vimus, speramus (que) nos brevi ad centum, hoc est decimam Chiliados partem perventuros. in his truly golden Book De Ratione Studii reports of himself.

Of the Italian, French and Spanish Languages.

Nostram lin­guam qua jam utimur, non difficile intel­lectu est, ex variis varia­rum gentium sermonibus conflatam esse. Dimidia sermonis ejus pars Romanis accepta ferenda: quemadmodum qui vel Latinis literis tinctus potest animad­vertere. Hocoman. Franco. Gal.One Bense hath written a Book entitled Analogo-Diaphora, sen Concordia Dis­crepans, & Discrepantia Concordans trium Linguarum, Gallicae, Italicae, & Hispanicae.

The disagreeing concord and the agreeing discord of those three Languages, French, Italian and Spanish.

The Language of the Spaniards is said to be Manly, the Italian Courtly, and the French Amorous.

Enquiries touching the di­versity of Lan­guages, ch. 5. Latinae lin­guae propagi­nes, sed tempore & vulgi imperitia valde corruptae, sunt tres, hodie vulgares linguae, Italica, Hispanica, & Gal­lica. Prima minus, utpote Latinae linguae proxima, secunda magis, tertia maxime corrupta. Ang. Roch. Appen­dix Bib. Vatic. de Dialectis. In tres potiores Dialectos locutio Romana, ex Barbarorum incursione & immixci­one, divisa est: in Italicam, Gallicam & Hispanicam. Ex his Italica à Latino facilè intelligitur sicuti & Gallica tardius prolata (quod tamen respuere videtur) à Germano Latino facillime percipitur. Crines. de Confus. Ling. cap. 10. Brerewood conceives these tongues are more ancient, and that they have not sprung from the corruption of the Latine Tongue, by the inundation and mixture of barbarous people in these provinces, but from the first unperfect impression and receiving of it in those forraign Countries.

One of the Councels cals the French Tongue Linguam Romanum rusticam, whence Romances, because they were written in that Tongue.

The genuine pronunciation and reading is the most difficult in the French Tongue, for many letters which are written, are not pronounced, or otherwise pronounced.

Crinesius in his Discourse of the Confusion of Languages, c. 10. gives seven ge­nerall rules of the French pronunciation, and many speciall ones.

There are many severall Dialects of the French Tongue. Nam in Gallia certè nostra, tot ferè linguae sunt, aut certè tot ejusdem linguae dialecti, ac diversi pronun­tiandi modi, quot sunt Galliae, non dicam provinciae, sed urbes. Casaub. Comment. in l. 4. Strabonis.

Lingua Hi­spanica affi­nis est Italicae, & ad Lati­nam linguam propitìs quam Gallica ac­cedere mihi videtur, minus tamen quam Italica. Gesueri Mithridates De differentiis Linguarum.The Spanish Tongue is near to the Italian, and seems to come nearer to the Latine Tongue then the French, but not so near as the Italian.

Brerewood in his 6 th Chapter of Enquiries touching the diversity of Languages, saith he hath seen an Epistle written by a Spaniard, whereof every word was both good Latine and good Spanish, and an example of the like is to be seen in Merula Cosmog. part. 2. l. 2. ch. 8.

Scaliger Epist. Casaub. saith Quarta pars Hispanicae linguae merè Arabica.

Scaliger commends the French for a most elegant and sweet Language, and pre­fers it before the Spanish and Italian. Lingua F [...]an­cica est hodie omnium lin­guarum Ro­manensium excultissima elegantissima & suavissima, & cum qua neque Italica, neque Hispanica contendere possunt. Jos. Scalig. Diat. de Hodiernis Francorum Linguis.

The people leave out many of their consonants in their pronunciation, which makes it the sweeter.

In aulis omniumpropemodum principum, maximè occidentalium, viget illa lingua & floret. Petrus Bense in Epistola Dedicatoria.

The people speak the best French in Blois or Orleance, and the best Italian in Hetruria, Linguae Gal­licanae elegan­tia hic (Au­reliae) & Blaesiis ea floret, ut palman facilè praeripiant omnibus. Hinc Gallis Aurelianismus quod Graecis Atti­cismus. Jodoci Sinceri Itinerarium Galliae. Quamvis autem his Italiae Provinciis una sit lingua Hetrusca, tamen nova cultior & emendatior inter alias censetur, & majori habetur pretio, ad quam profecto linguam qui magis acce­dit, purior in dicendo, aut in scribendo existimatur. Aug. Roch. Append. Bib. Vatic. de Dialectis. Inter Dialectos, quibus hodie utuntur Castellana praefertur. Crines. de Confus. Ling. c. 10. and the best Spanish in Castile.

[Page 65] Antoine Du Verdier in his excellent Preface to his Bibliotheque highly commends the French Language, Quant à la phrase & elegante maniere de parler, pour ex­primer belles conceptions, He hath much more there in the commendation of his own Language. ie ne sai si les Grecs mesmes se peuvent vanter d'estre pareils à [...]ous. Dema part, ie croy que nostre langue ait estè composee de toutes les fleurs d' eslite, qui sont esparses par la Grecque, la Latine, l' Italienne, & autres celebres & renommees, tant antiques que modernes.

CHAP. VII. Of Vniversities and publick Schools.

ACademies which at this day are called Universities, were in times past cal­led Synagogues, as the Synagogue of Hierusalem, Antioch, Ephesus, Academiae nomen Athe­nis primum inclaruisse apud omnes ferè autores convenit: sed dubia contro­versaque ori­gine, & si [...]nificatu vario. Jun. Acad. c. 1. Academia [...], hoc est, extra populum. Neque hoc tam in­telligi volumu, de secessu ac ocio loci [...]emoti à strepitu & [...]u [...]bis insanien [...]is populi, quam de domicilio virtutis ac doctri [...]ae dissentiente à judicio p [...]puli. qui [...]x veritate pa [...]ca ex opinione multa aestimat. Majores nostri Acade­mia [...], appellavere universi [...]a [...]es, vel quod universa [...]um divinarum, humanaeumque rerum, tum initi [...]um [...], tum cujusque [...]ei cognitio, in iis ut thesauro conservata aperiatur, vel quod in earum con­suetudi [...] & [...]quentatione [...] perd [...]scere universi mund: hominum mores, linguas & leges, regionum situs & variam [...], ex civibus [...] asperitate perigrinationum, Oratio Inauguralis Acad. Lugduno Batav. habita A Lud [...]vico Capello Est propriè quidem Academia cae [...]us hominum exercentium studia literarum, & in iis sese occupanium: Metonymicè vero l [...]cus ubi exercentu [...] studia docendo discendóque. Jun. Academ. c. 2. Ludus metonymicè Latinis dicitur pro loco ledi literarii: Nam omnem Scholam, inquit Asconius, ludum dixere Romani, quia liberali ingenio ludus est, quum literas, artes, historias, soientiasque discit. Junii Academia c. 2. Legitima forma Academiae est, ut disciplinae cujusque certi doctores electi, publicis praemiis ornati, artium professioni suae commissarum praelectiones & exerci [...]ationes via & tempore definitas, officio, fide, diligentia tucatur. Rami proaem. Reform. Paris. Acad. and Alexandria, and Studia.

They alwaies built their Academies in some famous City, as at Jerusa­lem, Athens, Rome, Constantinople.

The use of Academies is very necessary many waies, therefore those Common­wealths most flourished which did most esteem them.

Nothing is more Princely then to defend and provide for Schools and Univer­sities, Ne quid detrimenti capiat literaria Respublica, Carolus Magnus Germanicae linguae Gram­maticam com­mentatus est, mensibus a [...] (que) ventis nomen dedit Claudius Caesar usque adeò Graecis literis excellu­erit, ut tres novas literas illi linguae sua industria adjecerit. Pertinax imperator Grammaticam docuit. Julius Caesar commen­tarios edidit. Ptolomaeus orbem terratum tabulis circumscripsit. Imperator Constantinus legere, scribere, & medi­tari consuevit. Aelius Adrianus Imperator omnium scientiatum cognitione p [...]ae [...]irus, G [...]aecé (que) doctissimus mul­tor libres scripsit, uti Aurelius Vic [...]or, Aelius Spartianus, & Julius Capitolinus scribun [...]. Rex Aluredus Bedae histo­riam gentis Anglorum. Severim B [...]etii Philosophiae consolationem, & Or [...]sium Hispanum historicum insignem in Sax [...]nicam linguam authore Gul. Malmes traduxit. Caius de Antiquit. Can [...]b. Acad. l. 1. Nothing more conducible to the profit of Scholars, then to indow Colledges with great Immunities and Privi­ledges. So in times past did many Learned Heroes cherish Learning and favour Learned men, in Greece, Alexander; in Asia, Mithridates; in Egypt, Ptolomy; in Spain, Alphonsus; in Germany, Charles the Great and the 4 th; in Bohemia, the Founder of the University of Prague; in Prusia, Albertus the Elder; in Italy, Iulius, Augustus, Maecenas; in France, Francis the first; in England, Edward the 3 d, Henry the 7 th, and Elizabeth his wife, Henry the 8 th, Edward the 6 th, Q [...]een Mary, Queen Elizabeth, King James.

Zanchius reckons up four most weighty causes of publick Divinity Schools. Orat. 1. Planè si natu­ra nostra in ea puritate & in­tegritate in qua condita fuit, perman­sisset, tum om­nes homines natura perfecti Logici, Rhe­tores, Theolo­gi, Juriscon­sulti, Medici, Ethici & Po­litici, imò omnium virtutum viva exemplaria extitissent, nec Schola aut institutio ulla necessaria fuisset. Alihus. Orat. Panegyr. de Necessitate, util. & Antiq. Scholarum. In Scholis enim homines ad pietatem veram, vitae in­tegritatem & morum honestatem formantur. Ex Scholis homines docti, sapientes, excellentes, & eruditi sumun­tur ad ministerium Ecclesiae & ad Reipublicae gubernationem. Primitivam Ecclesiam suas Scholas habuisse, te­stantur omnes historici Ecclesiastici. In hisce pueri prima religionis elementa discebant, & deinde libros sacros ex­plicari audiebant, & artes liberales, ut testatur historia Ecclesiastica, Cent. 2. c. 7. & in Cent. seqq. eodem capite. Id. ibid. Vide Coringii de Antiquitat. Academ. Dissertat. Sex.

1. That the Propheticall and Apostolicall Writings might be preserved in them, from corruption or destruction, which is the cause why Libraries were alwaies wont to be added to these Schools, in which other Books being written out faith­fully in Hebrew, Greek, and Latine were kept.

2. That there might be perpetuall witnesses in Schools which might testifie by [Page 66] a continuall succession, what Books were truly Canonicall and what Apo­cryphall.

3. That these Schools might also testifie what was the native and genuine sense of such Writings, and what doctrine was truly Apostolicall.

The last cause was, That from those Colleges those might be drawn out which were indeed fit to teach others, and to govern Churches.

The whole Kingdom of Israel was filled with Theologicall Schools, according to the commandement of God.

Samuel was the first builder of Colledges that we reade of, he called his Col­ledge Najoh, that is, even beauty it self. In Ramah the Prophets dwelt with the Students, which were called Sonnes of the Prophets. Amos saith, I am not a Pro­phet, nor the sonne of a Prophet, that is, I was never taught in the Schools of the Prophets, and the Learned.

Vide Altiug. Hist. Academ. Hebr.They had Schools amongst the people till the destruction of Jerusalem. The Jews being dispersed among other Nations, alwaies endeavoured to keep their Schools, which they called Synagogues, which were Colledges, as it were, in which the Law of God was interpreted among the more Learned, and wherein they con­ferred and disputed about the Scriptures, Act. 6.9.

In Ecclesiasticall Histories we may see this care of the Apostles and their Disci­ples in setling Schools every where where Churches were built, Certè honesta professorum stipendia, non minus nervi sunt Schola­rum, quam pecuniae belli. Zanch. in 2 da Orat. and in setting over them such men as were indued with singular piety and Learning. Hence those most famous Schools of Antioch, Alexandria and Constantinople, and many others in the East, and also in the West, which were indowed by Emperours and Kings with most ample rewards, priviledges and all kinde of benefits, that the pure Do­ctrine might be continued in them.

The Egyptians, Chaldeans, Babylonians, Persians, Grecians, Romans, set up Schools, Honos alit ar­tes, omnesque incenduntur ad studia glo­ria. and by great liberality and other waies promoted Learning, and incou­raged Schollars. Vide Lipsi Lovanium l. 3. c. 6, 7, 8.

Quintilian in the second Chapter of his first Book, Instit. Orat. handleth this Question, Vtiliusne sit domi atque intra privatos parietes studentem continere, an frequentiae scholarum & velut publicis praeceptoribus tradere: Whether children be more profitably taught at home, or in some publick School.

Ante omnia, (saith he) futurus orator, cui in maxima celebritate & in media Reipublicae luce vivendum est, assuescat jam à tenero non reformidare homines, neque illa solitaria & velut umbratili vita pallescere. Necesse est enim sibi nimium tribuat, qui se nemini comparat.

Adde quòd domi ea sola discere potest quae ipsi praecipientur, in Schola, etiam quae aliis. Audiet multa quotidie probari, multa corrigi, proderit alicujus objurgata de­sidia: proderit laudata industria: excitabitur laude aemulatio: turpe ducet cedere pari, pulchrum superasse majores. Accendunt omnia haec animos: & licet ipsa viti­um sit ambitio, frequenter tamen causa virtutum est.

Matricularii vocabantur, quorum nomi­na Matriculae inscripta. Matricula verò est nominum catalogus, vel regestum, pro quo vulgo registrum di­cunt. In Academiis Matriculam appellant codicem, in quem referuntur nomina omnium Academicâ fruentium libertate. Cui cùm inscribuntur, studiorum gratiâ, in Academiam missi, dicuntur matriculari. Vossius de vitiis Sermonis. lib. 3. cap. 24.Immediatly after Schollars come to the University, they are matriculated, and then they enjoy the priviledges of the University.

They are called Undergraduates till they receive a degree, after Graduati, or in better Latine, In gradu aliquo dignitatis constituti.

[Page 67]The first degree with us is that of Bachelor of Arts, which they cannot attain usually before four years standing, or near it. Baccalaureus à baccis lauri compositus pu [...]tur, sed potius corru­ptum censeo ex batualius: ut sit à batu­endo, ex quo batailie. Batua­lij verò fuerint vocati, quia jam quasi batuissent cum adversario, ac manus conseruissent: hoc est, publicè disputasserent, atque ita peritiae suae specimen dedissent. Vossius De vitiis Sermonis l. 1. c. 19.

Three years after they may (if they be sufficient Schollars) take the Degree of Masters of Arts, which are Doctors, as it were of the Arts, and therefore a Master of Art takes place of a Doctor of Musick, because he is Doctor but of one Art.

Seven years after they are Masters of Arts they may take the Degree of Bache­lors of Divinity, and five years after, they may Commence Doctors of Divinity; so that they are almost of twenty years standing before they take that highest Degree.

Of the Ceremonies used in creating of Doctors, D r Prideaux speaks sufficiently in his Lectures.

Alsted in his Encyclopaedia, l. 24. c. 13. and Junius in Academiis, handle the Uni­versities after the Alphabeticall order of the severall Countries, and so beginning with Anglia, they first mention Oxford and Cambridge, then they mention Bohe­mia, and in it Prague; then Denmark, in it Hafua; then France, in it Alsted mentions sixteen Universities; then Germany, where he rehearseth twenty five Universities; then Spain, there he reckons up twenty two Universities; then Italy, there eleven; three in Polonia, and three in Scotland. Junius speaks of Lusitania before Polonia, where he mentions Conimbra. Leukenor (our Coun­tryman) in his Discourse of Universities, first begins with Germany high and low, and so goes on with Italy, France, Polonia, Prussia and Lituania, Bohemia and Moravia, Spain, England and Scotland.

Middendorpius mentions them in this order, Italy, Sicily, Germany, Polonia, Spain, England, Scotland.

CHAP. VIII. Of the Vniversities of Germany, Denmark, and Sweden.

I Shall follow Leukenors method, (who is much beholding to Middendorpius and Neander) beginning with Germany, and ending with England, Scotland, and Ireland.

I might speak also of the famous University of Athens, the Greece of Greece, as Thucidides cals it. It was the place where Rhetorick had its first birth, Vide Neandri Geog. partem 1 am. Una urbe At­tica pluribus annis elo­quentiae, quam universa Graecia, operibusque floruit, adeo ut corpora gentis illius separata sint in alias Civitates, ingenia vero solis Atheniensium muris clausa existimes. Patero. Hist. lib. 2. cap. 18. and was brought to an height greater then it ever had in any place.

In which one City in memory of one age, were more Learned men, and that in a manner altogether, then all time doth remember.

In Philosophy, Plato, Aristotle, Xenophon, Euclide and Theophrast.

In Eloquence and Civil Law, Demosthenes, Aeschynes, Lycurgus, Dinachus, Demades, Isocrates, Isaeus, Lysias, Antisthenes, Androcides.

In Histories, Thucydides, Xenophon.

In Poetry, Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Aristophanes.

It was the universall Study of all the world: one was not held Learned, (saith Munster in the 4 th Book of his Universall Cosmography) who had not studied at Athens.

[Page 68]The Mathematicks excepted, which came rather from the Chaldeans and the Egy­ptians, the whole flower of Arts and good Learning came from Greece.

Of the Vniversities in Germany, High and Low.

Quantos sane viros vel unica tum Germa­nia statim protulit! Rabanū Mau­rum, Strabum Fuldensem, Haymonem, Walafridum Strabonem, Paschasium Ratbertum, Amalaricum Trevireusem, Halitgetium, omnes scriptis editis clarissi­mos una Cor­beia nostra ad visurgim Bremae dedit ordine integros quinque priores Episcopos eosque omnium optimos, nec mi­nus alibi pari virtute aliquam multos Goring. de Antiq. Academ. Dissert. 3. Floruerunt hic Rupertus Tuitienfis, Albertus magnus, Thomas Aquinas, Johannes Scotus. Europaei orbis Academiae.Divers great Schollars have been bred in Germany.

Ockam a stout Defender of the Rights of the Empire against the encroach­ments of the Pope.

Otho Frisiugensis the Historian.

Albertus Magnus the Philosopher.

Martin Luther that great instrument of the Reformation, and Philip Melan­cthon his coadjutor in that work, the Phoenix of that age.

Joachim Camerarius a great friend of Philips.

Martin Chemnitius a solid and laborious Writer.

Flaccius Illyricus the chief Author of the Magdeburgian Centuries.

Sebastian Munster an industrious Cosmographer, and a learned Linguist.

Silburgius and both the Buxtorfs.

Alsted mentions twenty five Universities in Germany, others reckon fewer.

Germania plures nune Academias habet, quam reliqua Europa universa. Lipsii Lovanium l. 3. c. 8.

1. The Universities of High Germany.

Colen.

The University was instituted by Pope Vrbane the sixt, at the instance of the Se­nate and people of Colen, in the year of our Saviours Incarnation 1388, faith Middendorpius. He not only gave them full power and authority to conferre all degrees of Scholasticall honour to the Students therein, but also confirmed unto them by a publique Charter, the Priviledges of Paris.

There are three Colledges, Collegium Montanum, Laurentianum, and Novum Coronarum.

There is also another most famous publick Schola trilinguis, wherein the Hebrew, Greek and Latine tongues, and the Arts are also taught.

Basil.

Armianus Marcellinus faith it is derived from [...], which signifieth a King­dom, Helvetiorum urbs florentis­sima Basilea, sic dicta, ut volunt, quòd verè [...] fit, regina urbium ac regia urbs. Melth. Ad. in Vita Jacobi Zuingeri Munst. Cosm. l. 2. because it is a royall City seated in a Princely place.

The River Rheine passeth thorow it, and by means of it many Merchants come thither.

The University was founded by Pope Pius the 2 d, Anno 1459. and he granted to it all the Priviledges, Rights and Liberties which Colen, Erford, Vienna and Heidel­berg enjoyed.

Basil D r James cor­rupt. of Script. Coūnc. & Fath. part. 5. is no great City nor very rich, yet it hath often Printed and Reprinted the Fathers Works.

Erasmus of Roterdam was buried in the great Church here.

Here lives now the famous young John Buxtorfe.

Mentz.

Moguntina ejus urbis Archiepisco­pus fuit Bo­nifacius Anglus Evangelista Germaniae, qui Ecclesias Germaniae rexit, annos 40. In diaecesi Moguntinensi vixit etiam Johannes Tritemius Abbas Spanheimensis, vir doctissimus & acutissimus, cujus extant opera ali­quot mira & ingeniosa: Cronica praeterea, & Epistolarum libri duo, in quibus insunt multae Epistolae ad Monarchas & principes varios, quibus doctrinae multiplicis ac ingenii summi ergò omnibus fuit acceptissimus. Neand. Geog. parte 1 a. Dietherus of Eisenburg the Archbishop of Mentz was the Founder of this Uni­versity in the year of our Lord 1482. wherein at the first beginning, all Arts in [Page 69] generall were professed, but now only Philosophy, and the knowledge of the Tongues, and Divinity by the Jesuites.

This City hath deserved no small praise and commendation of all Christendom, for that ingenious and most necessary Art of Printing, there first invented and put in practise by the famous and worthy Gentleman John Gutenberg, in the year 1459.

Imprimit ille die quantum vix scribitur anno,
O Germania muneris repertrix,
Quo nihil utilius dedit vetustas,
Libros scribere quae doces premendo.

Wirtsburg.

In the year of Salvation 1403. John the 2 d of that name, and 55 th Bishop of Wirtsburg, instituted therein an University, priviledged and authorized by Pope Boniface the 9 th, and called thither out of the most renowned Schools of Christen­dom, divers Learned Professors of Philosophy, Divinity, and other inferiour Studies.

Trier.

The University here is thought to be one of the oldest Academies in Europe, the Citizens thereof have no Record when it was first erected, by reason of the mani­fold and often changes it hath endured.

It appeareth manifestly by an Epistle of Gratian the Emperour to Antonius Regent of Gaule, that all Studies universally flourished in this City.

Heidelberge.

It is the Metropolis of the Palatinacy of Rheine, The taking of that famous Li­brary in respect of many choice Manuscripts, and removing it to Rome was a great losse. Heidelbergam ubi nunc agi­mus, maritus meus ab illu­strissimo Prin­cipe Palatino Imperii Se­ptemviro accitus est, ad medicinam publicè docendam: est enim una inter Germaniae Academias non postrema. Olymp. Ful. Morat. Epist. l. 2. Victoriae Moratae. wherein the Palsgraves or Countes Palatines continually hold their Courts and residence.

Rupertus the 10 th Palatine of Rheine erected in this City an University, Anno Dom. 3346. which in succession of time grew to be reckoned among the most wor­thy and famous Nurseries of the Arts. Pope Vrban the 6 th confirmed the same with the Priviledges and Prerogatives of Paris.

This Academy hath fostered many Learned men, as Rudolphus Agricola, Willi­am Xilander, Thomas Erastus, Zachary Vrsin, Conradus Pellicanus Munsters Master, Pareus.

Also in this University did that industrious excellently learned Scholar Sebastian Munster, Ego anno 1524. usque ad annum 1529. Primus He­braismi professor publicè ibi sacram linguam docui Cosm. l. 3. In Heidelberga literas Graecas annis superioribus docuit vir doctissimus & optimè meritus de Graecis literis Gulielmus Xylander, cujus laboribus debemus cuncta Plutarchi opera, Dionem Coceium Cedrenam, Graecos Historicos pulcherrimè conversos, Strabonem & Stepha­num utrumque, Geographos Graecos correctos & emendatos, & multos libros eruditos veterum alios, qui ejus potis­simum opera revixerunt. Medicinam autem ibi cum celebritate nominis singulari docet Thomas Erastus. Neand. Geog. parte 1 a. publickly profess the Hebrew Tongue.

Tubing.

The University was erected there in the year 1477. Urbs Tubinga Clarissima Academia ce­lebri & crudi­ta & professo­ribus Philoso­phiae, artium omnium, lin­guarum & facultatum doctissimis. In ea annis superioribus cum celebritate maxima nominis medicinam docuit Leonhardus Euchsius, primus medicinae hac nostra aetate ex immensa barbarie repurgator, cujus in publico extant institutionum medicinae ad Hippocratis, Galeni, aliorum (que) veterum scripta recte intelligenda mirè utiles libri­quinque. In eadem Academia profitetur, cum celebritate nominis, etiam inter barbaras gentes, studia eloquentiae & linguarum, clarissimus ac doctissimus vir Martinus Crusius. Neand. Orb. Ter. part. succinct. Explicat. parte 1 a.

Many Learned Scholars have issued from it.

John Reuclin, Gabriel Biel and John Nauclerus taught here.

John Stofler a most Learned Astronomer.

Martin Crusius was a most famous Professor of Eloquence, Arts and Languages in this University.

Ingolestat.

In Schola In­golstadiana, cui praesunt Jesuitae tacet Christus: si­lent Evangelistae: obmutuit Paulus: muti sunt omnes Prophetae & Apostoli: tonat autem Thomas de Aquine: latrat Lombardus: Plato currit: Socrates stat: Aristoteles gannit: Scholastici clamant, omnia deni (que) auditoria nil praeterquam humanas traditiones, boant reboant (que) quorum fundamenta in sacris Bibliis habentur capite nullo, libro nescio quo. Et haec est Jesuitica concionandi facultas. Hasenmul. Historia Jesuit. Ord. c. 7.This University was Instituted in the year of Salvation 1459.

The Jesuites Govern here.

Eccius and Staphylus lived here.

Erford.

An University was therein instituted by Dagobert the French King, in the year 1391. which with many Priviledges was confirmed and authorized by Pope Boni­face the 9 th, and Pius the 2 d.

Leiptzige.

Academia Lipsensis. Petrus Mosella­nus Graecarum literarum erat in hac Acade­mia Professor. Europ. Orbis Acad.A University was here erected about the year 1408. and the year following confirmed by Pope Pius the 2 d and Alexander the 5 th, and repaired by George Duke of Saxony, in the year 1554.

They are much given to drunkenness here.

Aeneas Sylvius in the first book of Panormitane de gestis Alphonsi regis, writeth, that when one Leonardus a Noble Gentleman came to visit a certain kinsman of his that was then Student in Leiptzige, enquiring among Students how he did, and how he had profited in Learning, he was answered by one of the young mans com­panions, that he carried himself very well, quia inter mille & quingentos hic unus bibendi palmam obtinet, among fifteen hundred he hath the name of the best drinker.

Wittenberge.

Wittebergen­sis Academia singulare Ger­maniae orna­mentum. Beza Epist. 64. Viteberga, tum Academiae no­mine celeber­rima tum eti­am Megalandri Lutheri & Philippi Melanchthonis, duorum praestantissimorum heroum & doctorum per terrarum orbem famigeratissima. Neand. Geog. parte 1 a.Duke Frederick the son of Ernestus Elector, erected in this City an University, about the year 1502. which since in this later age is grown famous, by reason of the Controversies and Disputations of Religion there handled by Martin Luther and his adherents.

Many worthy Writers received their education here, as Wesenbechius, Hennin­gus and Oldendorpius two Lawyers famous for their Works through all Germany, and in our later age Martin Luther and Philip Melancthon there have flourished.

Frankford upon Oder.

There are in Germany two Frankfords, both Cities of great fame and worth; the one lieth in Franconia upon the River Meine, Francoforda ad moenum nundinalis Musarum Academia, Francoforden­ses Athenae. Musarum nundinae mer­curiales, & totius orbis Emporiorum compendium, Hen. Steph. in Encom. Francoforda ad Oderam Clara Jodocho Willichio, medicinae atque omnis Philosophiae eruditae doctore celeberrimo, de quo testari possunt tum alii ejus do­ctissimi libri, tum etiam ars ejus magirica, hoc est, Culinaria de cibariis, videlicet, ferculis, obsoniis, & potibus di­versis parandis, & eorum facultatibus liber medicus, philologis & sanitatis tuendae studiosis omnibus apprimè utilis, & Graecam linguam in illa Academia Matthaeus Hostius profitetur, & professus est magna cum sedulitate & dexte­ritate, enarrandi eruditè optimos veteres Graecos & Latinos autores annos quadraginta quinque senex octogenarius fere, & nuper edidit opus eruditum, laboriosum, & multi temporis, & varium, historiae rei nummariae veteris libros quinque Bibliothecam nummariam locupletissimam. Neand. Geog. parte 1 a. well known to all Merchants and travellers, by reason of two rich and famous Marts or Fairs held therein every year, viz. at mid-lent before Easter, and in the middle of September. The other is situated near to the Oder, a goodly River, passing through the Dominion of the Marquess of Brandeburge, one of the seven Electors.

Joachim Marquess of Branderburg, first founded in this later Frankford an Uni­versity [Page 71] in the year of Grace 1506. and bountifully provided for the maintenance thereof, indowing the same with large Revenews and rich Possessions: as it was afterward authorized by Pope Alexander the 6 th, and by Pope Julius the 2 d, and Maximilian the first of that name Emperour, enfranchised with many pri­viledges.

In this City the three Tongues are with great and profound Learning pro­fessed: also the Civil Law, Physick, and the Mathematiques are there publikely taught.

Reinerus Reineccius the great Historian lived here: Jacobus Ebertus who was Professor of Ethicks here, was a great Linguist.

Rostoche.

In the year of Christs Nativity 1415. the Princes of Mekleburge and the Citi­zens of Rostoche obtained licence to erect in this City an University, wherein the Arts in generall have ever since been Learnedly professed.

Gripswalde.

About the year of our Lord 1456. lived herein a certain Learned Doctor of the Laws, which being Proconsul or Burgomaster of the Town, obtained for the same many goodly Priviledges and licence to erect an University, which being by him only begun, was perfected and enlarged by the great care and diligence of Philip Duke of Pomerland, in the year 1547.

Friburge.

In the year of our Saviour 1460. or as some say 1450. Albert Duke of Austria founded in this City an Academy, and liberally endued the same with large re­venews and possessions. In the year 1467. this University received many Statutes and Ordinances from Vienna in [...]: from whence also came many great and Learned Clerks, here publikely to [...] Theology, the Laws Civil, Canon, and the other Arts. And at length the Emperour Fredericke, in the year 1472. much augmented and increased the same: the chiefest Colledge herein, is that which is called Domus Sapientiae.

Vdalricus Zasius a Lawyer taught here many years with great praise, and left di­vers Commentaries upon the Civil Law.

Martpurge.

An University was instituted in this City about the year 1526. which was after­ward repaired and reinstituted by Philip the Landgrave of Hesse, in the year 1536. It was authorized by Charles the 5 th at Regensburge, who endued it with privi­ledges of Vienna.

John Oldendorp the most famous Lawyer of Germany, Urbs Marpur­ga clara Jo­hanne Olden­dorpio claris­simo omnium inter Jureconsultos Germaniae. Johanne etiam Draconite, & Andrea Hyperio Theologis Claris­simis. Neand. Geog. parte 1 a. also Johanno Draco and An­drew Hyperius most famous Divines lived here.

Diling.

In the year 1564. Otto Truchses Cardinall of the Roman Church, Middendorp. De Acad. Bishop of Ausburge, and Protector of Germany, for the great and singular love wherewith he alwaies embraced Learning, brought the Jesuites into this City, and erected therein an University of his own charge and expence, wherein the Arts have ever since been with great diligence and Learning professed.

Vienna.

It is the most renowned Metropolis and residence of the Archdukes of Austria, a City for wealth most opulent, Viennae clari fuerunt Wolf­gangus Lazius Medicus & Historicus Ferdinandi Imperatoris, incredibili re­rum cognitio­ne ac lectione, multa varia (que) praestantissi­mus, cujus multa egregia opera histori­ca erudita ab illo conscripta prodiere in publicum. and for strength most invincible, the only Bull­wark of the Christians against their perpetuall and barbarous enemy the Turk.

This City is famous for the Citizens valiant holding out against the Turks siege in the year 1529. in which 8000 Turks were slain.

See M r. Foxes Acts and Monum. Vol. 1. p. 978.

In this City is a publick and famous University of great name, first founded and instituted after the rules of Rome and Paris, in the year 1239. by the Emperour Frederick the 2 d, to the end he might leave unto his sonne Conradus, an Empire strongly guarded and defended with men Learned and skilfull in the Liberall Sci­ences, which afterward Rudolphus the 4 th, Albertus the 3 d, and Leopoldus the 2 d, three brothers, Archdukes of Austria, with sundry priviledges Enfranchised, and removed the same from the place wherein it first was instituted, near to the Palace of the Archdukes.

These were famous men in Vienna, viz. Wolfgangus Lazius Medicus an Histo­rian to the Emperour Ferdinand: also Julius Alexandrinus, Julius Alexan­drinus cujus de medico & me­dicina extant libri quinque opus valde eruditum. Claret ibi etiamnum Johannes Sambucus Medicus & Historicus, è cujus Bibliotheca manuscripta locupletissima, quam peregrinationibus & sumptibus immensis de ruderibus Bibliothecarum Graecarum collegit, & conquisivit, prodierunt hactenus aliquot utiles scriptores ac libri Graeci, inter hos etiam Nonnii Poetae Graeci. Dionysia [...] lib. 48. à Plantino pulcherrimis typis elucubratis. Superioribus seculis non incelebris etiam Viennae fuit Matthias Farmator, qui librum qui lumen animae Pontificiis dictus fuit, conscripsit, quo tamen nihil est Caliginosius. Neand. Orb. Ter. Part. Succinct. Explicat. parte 1 a. Vide plura ibid. Mathias Farinator, also John Haselbach was Professor of Divinity in this University Anno Christi 1402. who was so large in the explication of that which he propounded to his audience, that he preached twenty years out of the Prophet Isaiah, and yet he was not come to the end of the first Chapter.

Pantaleon tomo 2 do virorum Germaniae il­lustrium. Peurbachius and Regiomontanus, (those two famous Astronomers) were Pro­fessors also of the Mathematicks here.

In the year 1562. at the cost of Ferdinand Emperour, but by the study and un­wearied labour of John Albertus Widmanstade, Chancellour of Orientall Austria, a Lawyer, and excelling in the knowledge of divers learned Languages, the New Testament was printed at Vienna in the Syriack Tongue, which Manuscript in that Language Moses Meredinerus a Priest brought out of Mesopotamia of greater Asia into Europe, sent for this purpose into those parts by Ignatius Patriarch of Antioch, that he finding a Patron who would undergo the charge, that written Copy might by Printing be dimulged among the Christians living in Syria and un­der the Empire of the Turk, Persian and Tartarian, which are the three most potent Empires of Asia.

II. The Universities of Low Germany or the Low Countries.

Belgium or Germania inferior, (in English the Low Countries and the Nether­lands) from their low situation, and their conformity with the other Germans in Laws, Language, Customs and Manners.

It hath bred and countenanced many Scholars of note.

  • 1. Erasmus the great Restorer of Learning.
  • 2. Justus Lipsius, as eminent a Reviver of the Latine elegancies.
  • 3. Joseph Scaliger the sonne of Julius.
  • 4. Rodolphus Agricola.
  • 5. Levinus Lemnius.
  • 6. Janus Douza, the Father and the sonne.
  • 7. Abraham Ortelius and Gerard Mercator the Geographers.
  • 8. George Cassander.
  • 9. Gerard Vossius a great Scholar and very industrious.
  • 10. Hugo Grotius a Learned Lawyer.
  • 11. Of the Popish party Jansenius and Pamelius.

Lovaine.

This is a pleasant City. John Duke of Brabant obtained of Pope Martin the 5 th, the approbation of an University in this City, Urbs Lovani­um urbs pul­cherrima complexa in­tra muros areas latè patentes, prata, vincas, hortos, per quam mediam praeterea fluvius Delalabitur. Neand, Geograph. parte 1 a. Vide Lipsi Lovanium. Letters and good Discipline began there publickly to be taught about the year 1426. Afterwards Pope Euge­nius the 6 th licensed therein the profession of Theology.

No University of Italy, France or Germany, may with this be compared for pleasant ayr and delectable walks.

In it are for the use of the Students twenty Colledges, Collegia no­mina habent ab insignibus suis, & sunt Lilium, Falca, Castrum, Por­cus. Accedit alius locus linguarum notitiae destinatus, quom à re vocant Collegium Trilingue; nam Hebraica, Graeca, Latina illic docentur. Lipsi Lovanium l. 3. c. 4. the principall whereof are five, Lilium, Castrum, Porcus, Falco, Collegium Trilingue.

Cornelius Gemma professed Physick here.

Bessarian the Cardinall being the Popes Legat into the Low Countries in the year 1513. was entertained here in the Colledge of Divines, he left there a me­mory of himself, Biblia manuscripta. Lipsi Lovan.

Douay.

In this City not long since was erected a famous University by Philip late King of Spain, and authorized with the priviledges of Lovaine, where Theology, Phi­losophy, and the inferiour Arts are Learnedly professed.

Liege.

In this City flourished in times past a most famous and renowned Academy, wherein were Students at one time the children of nine Kings, twenty four Dukes, twenty nine Earls, besides the sonnes of many Barons and Gentlemen. It is at this day decated and almost utterly extinguished; only some triviall Schools for the institution of youth in the inferiour Studies are there remaining.

Leiden.

There is scarce a Country in the world, which in so little a space hath so many neat Towns as Holland.

Leiden is one of the six capitall Towns of Holland, Tu Leyda ut vetustate tua meritò possis gloriari, ita illud in te po­tissimum, quod musarum de­cus & praesi­dium merita sis appellari. De Academia tua loquor, quae amplis­simis privile­giis, & exi­miis ornata ingeniis, no­bilissimos quosque juvenes è longe dissi [...]is regnis, ad capiendum animi cultum ad se invitat. Boxhorn. Epist. Dedicat. ad Thea [...]. Holland. Why it is called Lugdunum, See Vossius de Histor. Graec. l. 3. p. 266. It is called Lugdunum Baravo [...]um to distinguish it from Lion [...] in France. This Town is fair, neat, and spacious, divided with divers Chanels, in the best air of all Holland, and seems most fit for the Muses. Magistratus hic construxit Hortum infinitis herbis refertum in gratiam medicinae studiosorum. Est & Theatrum Anatomicum, visu dignum Swertii Athen. Belg. and is beautified with many pleasant Medows, Gardens, Arbors and Wals round about it. Here was born John Bucold (alias John of Leyden) a Taylor, who played Rex in Munster.

In this City was erected an University in the year 1575. by William Prince of Orange.

They being there miraculously delivered from the Spaniards great Army, to shew their thankfulness erected this University and indowed it with goodly privi­ledges, whereto were called from divers parts, Professors in all faculties, allowing them good stipends. Vide Boxhorn. Epist. Dedicat. ad Theat. Holland.

It doth flourish now, and sundry Professors of the liberall Sciences are there maintained with liberall stipends.

The first Professour there was Polyander.

Justus Lipsius, Bonaventure Valcane, Francis Junius, Joseph Scaliger, Clusius H [...]insius, Salmasius, and divers others taught here.

[Page 74]These things are considerable in the University:

1. The Physick-Garden, Is longe amaenissimus est, arboribus & stirpibus raris­simis è longinquis regionibus huc advectis refertissimus.

2. The Anatomy-Theatre, where there is Mummie of Egypt, the Idols of the Heathens, Birds which came from China, and other far Countreys.

3. The Library, well stored with Books of Divinity, Law, Physick, Philo­logy, Philosophy and Mathematicks, both printed and Manuscripts.

There is Cata­logus Biblio­thecae publicae Lugduno-Ba­tavae. At the end of which there is Catalogus Librorum Manusuriptorum, quos Josephus Scaliger Bibliothecae Leydensi legavit, [...] Libri MSS. Arabici, quos ex Oriente advexit I. Golius, Heinsii pro Bibliothecarii munere Gratiarum Actio.There are divers choice Manuscripts of several Languages, given by Joseph Sca­liger and Bonaventure Vulcane, and divers Arabick and Samaritane, and other Books which Jacobus Golius brought in great number from the East.

Bredah.

It was taken five times, some yet living having been in every siege, or the sur­prize of it.It is the Prince of Orenge his Patrimony. The Prince of Orenge was the Founder of that University.

There is a Book printed wherein are the several speeches made by the Professors in the day of their Inauguration.

Vtrect.

Trajectum vel Ultraje­ctum. Trajectum Latine, pessime Ultrajectum, quis enim tam barbarus, qui dixerit ultra trajicere. Boxhorn. Theat. Holland. Ex hac urbe Romanum Pontificem Madrianum ejus nominis sexcum nostra videt aetas. Hadrianus Barlandus De Hollandia.The learned Voetius is Professour here.

Anna Maria Schurman that mirrour of women lived there also.

Daventer.

Urbs Daven­tria, celebris à Schola in qua Erasmus Roterodamus olim fundamenta literarum didicit, patria Orruini Gratii qui & Apologiam adversus Reuchlinum olim scripsit & collegit praeterea fasciculum rerum expetendarum ac fugiendarum, cui operi insunt summorum aliquot virorum Epistolae, libelli, tractatus, opuscula, orationes numero 60 in quibus multae caulae Religionis excutiuntur, opus prorsus insigne. Neand. Orb. Ter. Part. Succinct. explic. part. 1. Daventer is illustris Schola, or Gymnasium, but not an University.

Franekere.

Here Drusius, Maccovius, Doctor Ames, and Cocceius of late were Pro­fessors. D. Ames speaks of its first foundation.

Harderwick.

Harderwick is an University of late standing.

Groning.

This City was the Countrey of that learned man Rodolphus Agricola, here Vtbo Emmius (Frisiae suae decus) was Professour of History, and the Greek. Here was also Franciscus Gomarus. Henry Alting Doctor and Professour of Divinity.

Cauponarum in Groninga ejusque sub. urbiis numerus forte plusquam centies superat numerum templorum cultui divino intra illius moenia consecrato­rum. Maresii Oratio de Cauponis vitandis. Vide Vit. Profes. Groningae. Maresius the learned Frenchman is Professour now there.

There are two Universities in Denmark.

I. Copenhagen.

Academia Hafniensis, seu Coppenhagen­sis aucta à Christiano tertio anno 1540. Variisque privilegiis ab Imperatore & Pontifice donata.In this City was erected an University by Christian Earl of Oldenburge, in the [Page 75] year of Salvation 1478. after he had gained the Regal Diadem: For the which he obtained at the hands of Pope Sixtus the 4 th the priviledges of B [...]nonia.

This Academy was afterward augmented and enlarged by King Christian the 3 d, in the year 1498. and after him by Frederick the 2 d, in the year 1549.

When Tycho Brahe was past twelve years old, Gassend. l. 1. De Tychonis Brahei vita. his Uncle sent him to Hafnia the Metropolis of the Kingdom of Denmark, that he might study Philosophy and Rhetorick in that famous University.

II. Sore, or Soroe. Academia So­rana pro eque­stri ac generosa juventure in studiis exercitiisque equitandi, digladiandi, saltandi, sculpendi, & id genus aliis ar­tibus informanda primùm fundata à Christiano secundo, post anno 1648. ab eodem privilegi [...]s ac profesloribus aucta, iisdem quibus alia autem gaudet immunitatibus.
Vpsal. Academia Upsalensis.

It is the only University in Sweden.

CHAP. IX. Of the Vniversities of Italy.

ITaly is the most noble Region of Europe, and is commonly called, Singulari Dei beneficio eve­nit, ut Turcis Graeciam op­primentibus, viri artium & utriusque lin­guae cognitio­ne praestantes, in Italiam ex­ulatum, veni­rent, ibique turum sibi & musis receptum quaeterent. Quibus Flo­rentiae, Vene­tiae, Roma, Ticinum & Mediolanum, hospitium & commodum docendi locum praebuere. Primúsque omnium fuit Emmanuel Chrysoloras, Byzantius. Cui successere Georgius Trapezuntius, Theodorus Gaza, Thessalonicensis, Johannes Argyropylus Byzantinus, Demetrius Chalcocondyles, & Johannes Lascares Athenientes, & Maurus Musurus Cretensis. Horum beneficio Musae Graecae primùm in Italiam sunt deductae: et paulò post eriam Alpes in Galliam & Germaniam transvolarunt. Gregorius etiam Typhernas, è Chrysolorae Schola profectus, omnium primus Lutetiae Graecas literas publitè docuit eique Hieronymus Spartia [...]a Graecus successit: cujus auditores Johannes Capnio Suevus, & Erasmus Roterodamus Belga culturam istarum primi ad Germanos transtulerunt, studióque & opera sua in Germania superiore late sparserunt. Làurent Rhodoman. Orat. De Lingua Graeca. its beauti­full Garden.

The Italians do maintain, cherish, and honour Scholars, and are good Mae­cenasses to them. Hence there are so many Universities in Italy, as Rome, Ve­nice, Padua, Bononia, Ferrara, Millan, Pavia, Turim, Florence, Pisa, Sienna, Medena, Naples, Salern.

Here flourished the famous Oratours, Cicero, Hortensius and Antonius; the renowned Historians Livie, Tacitus and Salust; the memorable Poets, Virgil, Ovid, Catullus, Tibullus and Propertius; Plautus and Terence the Comedians; the Satyrists, Horace, Juvenal and Persius, Aeneas Silvius afterwards Pope Pius the 2 d, Marsilius Patavinus, Petrarch, Angelus Politianus, Rodolphus Volaterra­nus, Picus Mirandula, Guido Bonatus, Ariosto and Tasso, Sixtus Senensis, Bellarmine, Baronius, were Italians.

Rome.

It was so named from Romulus who layed thereof the first foundation. De Romanae urbis amplitu­dine consulito Geogium Fa­britium in sua Roma & Onu­phrium Panuini­um l. 1. Com­mentariorum Reipublicae Romanae Constantin. L' Emp. Not. in Benjaminem.

Nauclerus writeth, that Vrbane the 4 th of that name, being Pope, was much grieved to see the course of Studies in the Roman Academy intermitted, and all good discipline neglected: wherefore immediately he caused to be sent for that fa­mous and most learned Clerk Thomas of Aquine, to direct and govern it, who set­ting aside all care and respect of worldly promotion, applied his minde wholly to reform, restore and adorn the fame: during which time, at the Popes intreaty he did write many excellent Commentaries upon divine and humane Philosophy. Pope Innocent the 4 th ratified this University. Pope Clement the 5 th in a Councel held at Vienna, ordained, That at Rome, or wheresoever the Pope in person should be [Page 76] resident, the Hebrew, Chaldee and Arabick tongues should publickly be taught. Pope Eugenius the 4 th much adorned this Academy.

Aelian, Grego­ry the great, Aulus Gellius, Laurentius Valla, Aldus Manutius, and his sonne, Antonius Sa­bellicus were Romans. There is a Book of An­drew Schots De viris illustribus urbis Romae. Porphyrius apostata è Tyro huc venit ad Plotinum infignem professorem. Severus Imperator bonorum studiorum gratia ex Aphrica Romam quoque venit. Swertii Athenae Belgicae. Aurelius Augustinus Carthagine professionis causa Romam venit, & Alypius ut jus Civile ibi addisceret. Divus quoque Hieronmus hic docuit, & Damasi Pontificis jussu Psalterium correxit. Id. ibid.Pope Nicholas the 5 th, being himself a learned Prelate, highly favouring all learned men, did more labour in repairing and beautifying this glorious Academy then any of his Predecessours.

Pope Leo the 10 th exhibited liberal pensions to several learned men, which by their pains and industry upheld the glory of this renowned Academy. He sent into Turky for John Lascaris, who robbing all the Heathen Universities of their best and worthiest Authors, did therewith plentifully furnish and adorn the Roman Libraries.

Sixtus the 4 th builded in the Vaticane that famous and renowned Library, called Palatina.

Venice.

Italy is the face of Europe, Venice the eye of Italy.

Urbs extructa in mari Adria­tico, complexa in circuitu ecto miliatia Italica, poten­tissima, & multis nomi­nibus per to­tum terrarum orbem fami­geratissima. Neand. Geog. part. 1. Mitto miracu­lum urbis, omnium urbium quae unquam fuerint pulcherrimae, sed urbis velut insularis, omnibus tamen viis ac regionibus subternavigabilis, Classemque, Xerxis verius, quam fixam aedificiis urbem referentis. Veneti Opifices, quamvis Graecarum Latinarumque literarum rudes & imperiti tantum Arithmeticae, tantum Geometriae usum habent, ut libres de Arithmetica deque Geometria subtilissimos conscribant. Itaque Veneti professores Eloquentiae, Philosophiae, Medicinae, Jurisprudentiae Patavinam Academiam jampridem celeberrimam fecerunt. Rami. Schol. Mathem. lib. 3. Georgìus Fabricius in itinere suo Romano, hath these verses of it.

Vrbs Venetum foecunda viris veneranda Senata,
Pro portis illi est Nereus, pro moenibus aequor.
Vnum collectum mundum miramur in urbem,
Quicquid habet tellus, aequora quicquid habent.

Many men excellently learned in Rhetorick, Philosophy and Theology, have there flourished and professed.

Johannes Rovennas taught in Venice, from whom issued many excellent wits, which restored Schools and Discipline.

After the Latine Tongue was again restored, Emmanuel Chrysoloras began to teach the Greek.

Many other singular Scholars have taught and lived in this City, as Hermolaus Hermolaus Barbarus non minus rerum publicarum usu, quam eruditione praeditu [...]. Insignem ejus doctrinam cum in Latinis, tum Graecis literis monumenta scriptorum quae reliquit abundè testantur: Patriae nomen profectò mirifice illustravit. Leand Albert. Descrip. tot. Ital. in Venet. Aloysius Lippomanus antistes Veronensium, literis & virtutibus insignis homo qui Catenam auream in Vetus Testamentum elegantissimam composuit. Id. ibid. Genuerunt Venetiae Casparem Contarenum virum optimum ac doctissimum, qui à Paulo III. Pont. max. Cardi­nalium ordini allectus est, & legationem Bononiensem gessit, ubi supremum vitae explevit diem anno post C. N. M D X L II. Doctissimus & ipse erat, & doctorum alter Maecenas. Ita Petrum Bembum quem Paulus quoque III. Pont. in Cardinalium Collegium ob insignem virtutem adoptavit, de cujus ornatu ac elegantia tam in sermoni­bus quam scriptis, neque solum Latinis & Graecis, verum etiam vernaculis, quae jam Europa tota legit & admira­tur, multa profectò dicere possemus, sed in alium locum quicquid ejus est rejicere cogimur. Mortem obiit Romae summo cum dolore litteratorum anno post C. N. M D X L V I I. Leand. Albert. ibid. Vide plura ibid. pag. 807, 808, 809. Barbarus, Guarinus Varonensis, Leonardus Justinianus, Anthonius Mancinellus, John Baptista Egnatius, Calius Secundus Curio, Peter Bembus, Gaspar Contare­nus, Aldus Manutius, and Paulus his son.

Bessarion Cardinal of Rome and Patriark of Constantinople, bestowed 30000 Crowns on a Library, which he caused to be erected in Venice, which afterward the Dukes thereof exceedingly augmented and adorned.

[Page 77] Petrus de Assasio, Master Bartholus the famous Civil Lawyer builded in this Academy Collegium pietatis, for the education of poor mens children, and such Or­phanes, as should happen in the street at any time to be taken up.

Padua.

This City is famous for Livie a most eloquent and wise writer, who hath written the History of the people of Rome in fourteen Decads. The City it self, Patavium

—Doctiloquis sedes aptissima Musis,
Nathan. by­traeus in itinere Veneto.
Magna loco, spaciosa foro, placidissima coeli
Temperie, muróque triplex latissima fossis,
Et magnis celebrata viris.

The University was established anno 1220. It is famous for Physicians, who have here a Garden of Simples. Orti hinc inclyti viri quam plurimi, quorum è nu­meto veteris memoriae glo­ria T. Livius historicorum Peinceps fuit, Scripsit Hi­storiae Roma­nae 140. libros arte & elegantia tanta, prorsus ut nec aetas superior, neque tota posteritas non modo potiorem, sed ne parem quidem ullum habuerit scriptorem. Franciscus Zabarella summus Jurisconsultus, uti litterarum monumenta ejus testantur. Leand. Albert. Descript. Ital. Vide plura ibid.

Leander writeth, that in Padua is a free and publick Academy, wherein all Stu­dies and Sciences universally are professed: erected by Frederick the 2 d in contempt of the Bononian Students.

There is no City in Italy, which for beauty and statelinesse of Edifices, may with this place worthily be paragomed.

Patavinus a minorite Frier, who wrote so learnedly in behalf of the Emperour against the Pope, and Francis Zaborella the Civilian, Maginus the Geographer, and divers others lived here.

Bononia.

It is the chief University of Italy, and the retiring place of the Popes.

This University was first founded (say some) when Theodosius swayed the Sce­pter of the Roman Empire, though others doubt of it. Gymnasium totius Europae antiquissimum atque celebra­tissimum. Melch. Ad. Bononiae vel ipsum nomen praecipuum laeritiae gratu­lationisque fructum nobis artulit. Rami. Epist. Senat. in Bonon. Praedicabile in primis illud, & gloriandum videbatur, universae Italiae consensu singularis doctrinae gloriam vestrae civitati concessam esse. Nam velut in aliquo laudum certamine principes Italiae civitates inter se contendissent, ita suam cuique quatenus vicerat palmam contigisse: indeque Romam sanctam, Venetias opulentas, Florentiam lepidam, Mediolanum celebre, Bononiam doctam appellari. Id. ibid. Bononiam equidem unicè amo coloque non solùm quia me professorem optaverit, sed multo maxime, quia una inter doctissimas Italiae Academias: Consensu omnium omnis doctrinae laude princeps habeatur. Ergo Bo­nonia doctis professoribus semper excelluit semperque floruit: hinc praesentia ornamenta Bononiensis Academiae, Sigonius Orator, Cardanus Medicus, Papius Jureconsultorum, Crassus Scaevolaque. Rami Scholae Mathem. lib. 3. Ubi Latinae linguae atque eloquentiae professor fuit Carolus sigonius Mutinensis, doctrinae vir singularis atque mira­bilis, qui praeter plurima alia in fastos & triumphos Romanorum, id est in universam historiam Romanam scripsit valde eruditos commentarios. De Repub. l. 4. & plurima ali [...]. Leander in sua Rom [...] scribit Bononiae in Templo Divi Dominici asservari Biblia in albo corio ipsa manu Esdrae scripta. Neand. Geog. part. 1.

Pope Gregory the 9 th, Pope Boniface the 8 th, and Pope John the 23. writing sun­dry learned Treatises, did dedicate them all to this University.

Pope Clement the 5 th in a Councel held at Vienna, decreed, That besides the study of all the liberal Arts, the Hebrew, Arabick and Chaldean Languages should be there publickly taught.

The Civil Law is much studied here, insomuch that from hence proceeded the fa­mous Civilians.

Johannes Andreas professed in this Academy the Law with great fame and esti­mation.

Az [...] that bright shining lamp of Learning was here also a publique Professour of the Civil Law.

Jo. Antonius Maginus was publick Professour of the Mathematicks.

Here also taught Bartholus and Accursius.

Of the learned Divines, Philosophers, Lawyers, both of the Civil and Canon-Law, Orators and Poets, the learned Physicians, Historians, Musicians, Arith­meticians [Page 78] of Bononia, See Leand. Albert. Descript. Ital. in Roma, pag. 514, 515, 516.

Ferrara.

Antonius Be­carius Scodraus Episcopus or­dinis Praedica­torum Mona­chus, vir ap­primè doctus, uti scriptorum ejus monu­menta testan­tur Felinus quoque San­daeus Episco­pus, qui multa de Pontificio jure pereruditè scripta reliquit, Ferrariae genitus est, item (que) Hieronymus Savenarola praedicatorum ordinis Monachus, eximia vir doctrina nec minoris vitae sanctitate, integritatéque, sicut opera posteritati relicta probant. Floruit circa 1497. Christo nato annum. Ludovicus Ariostus Ferratiensis mirabilem planè ingenii facultatem in Orlan [...]o Furioso demonstravit, plurimorum excellentium Poetarum inventionibus, praecipuéque Virgilii tam commodè ac luculenter ad institutum adhibitis, ut non fabulae confictae, sed vetae rerum narrationes & historiae videantur. In eodem illorum Catalogo qui Ferrariam illustrarunt, Caelius Calcagnimus fuit, in patria Canonicus, ingenii splendote summo, & Latinis Graecisque litteris apprimè eruditus, Orator juxta ac Poëta elegantissimus, ut litterarum monumentis est testatus. Nunc adhuc urbem hanc Lilius Gregorius Gyraldus nobilitat. assiduus scriptor, & Graecae linguae interprès, ingenii acerrimi. Paucissimos aetate nostra cum eo comparari Graecarum Latinarumque litterarum scientia posse equidem absque adulatione censemus: memoriaque praeterea tam est tenaci, ut quod semel legerit, ejus eum perpetuò recordari posse arbitter. Ornat jam quoque Ferrariam Latinis Poëmatis Ludovicus Bigus, item elegantissimis orationibus editis Alexander Guarinus, praeterea Gaspar Sardus eximius historicus. Leand. Alb. Descript. tot. Ital. in Romanula. Volateranus writeth that Salicet was in the year of Christs Nativity 1316. sent for by Albertus Duke of Ferrara, to institute a common School in this City, which was afterward confirmed and priviledged by Pope Boniface the eighth, and ex­ceedingly augmented by the bounty and liberality of the succeeding Princes of Este.

Sundry learned Writers have proceeded from this Academy, as Felinus Sammae­us, the Interpreter of the Canon-Law, Andraeas Alciatus, Theodorus Gaza, Alexander Guarinus, Caelus Calcanimus, to whom Rhodiginus dedicated his book of four and twenty ancient readings, Baptista Gnavinus, and Nocholaus Leonicenus, Peter Bembus his master, Johannes Manardus, Lilius Gyraldus, Alexander Sardus, Angelus Aretinus the famous Lawyer.

Millan.

This City is one of the greatest of Europe, it is seven miles in circuit.

It hath by long and ancient custom enjoyed a free and publick University.

It was very famous in Virgils time, who studied there, as some write.

Demetrius Cydonius born in Thessalonica, forsaking his native Countrey, came to Millan, Virgilius Maro ibi litteris operam dedit. Hermolaus, Barbarus, Georgius▪ Me­rula, Caelius Rhodiginus, Erycius Putea­nus, omnes praestantissimi viri in hac Academia floruerunt. Swertii Athena Belgicae. Vide Leand. Albert. Descrip­tor Ital. in Lombardia. Transpadanae urbs Mediolanum clara Ambrosio Episcopo, cujus opera Theologica varia & ferè descripta ac conversa de veterum: Graecorum Theologorum libris & Commentariis, quod planum sit & perspicuum conferenti ex emendatione & recognitione Erasmi in Tomos quatuor distincta, Basilca excusa sunt. Neand. Geog. parte 1 a. where he studied first the Latine Tongue, and afterward Divini­ty, during which time he translated the books of Thomas of Aquine into Greek.

The great ornaments of Millan were Ambrose, Hermolaus Barbarus, Caelius Rhodiginus, and Hierom Cardane, that great Mathematician and learned Doctor of Physick, and Alciate.

Pavia, or Papia.

Paplensis sive Ticinensis Academia an. 1561.It is so called from its great affection to the Popes, seated on the River Ti­cinus. It was anciently called Ticinum.

The University there is thought to have been erected by Charles the Great, not long after Paris: for this Emperour zealously affecting the propagation of Chri­stian Religion, sent unto this City one of those Priests, which came to him into France out of England, from venerable Bede, crying out in all places, that they carried about them wisdom to sell, at which time began first the Institution of this Academy.

In this place did Baldus reade his latest Lectures, for he died, and was buried in the Covent of the Friers minorites.

Turin a City of P [...]ont.

A goodly University was here erected by the Dukes of Savoy, Taurinum. which excelled all other Italian Academies, for their perfection in Typography, or the Art of Printing. Erasmus Roterodamus did in this University proceed Doctor of Di­vinity, where he after became a publick Professour of the same.

Florence in Hetruria, or Tuscia flos urbium Italicarum.

It exceeds all the Italian Cities in beauty.

Cosmo de Medices erected here an University. Vide Rami Praef. Mathem. tertia. Florentini fuere Leo Al­bertus, Dantes Algerius cum Francisco Pe­trarcha. Do­ctrinam utti­usque summam eorum scripta satis indicant. Matthaeus Pal­merius qui supplementum. Temporum Eusebio edidit, librosque de vita Civili 4 or conscripsit, Facius Vbertus insignis Geographus & Poeta laureatus. Joannes Carolus Ex sodalitate praedicatorum, qui multas illustrium hominum sui ordinis vitas candido jucundoque stylo condidit. Marsilius Ficinus merito dictus Platonicus ob opera Platonis è Graeco in Latinum versa. Petrus Crinitus, qui libros de honesta voluptate cum erudite, tum eleganter scripsit. Leand. Albert. Descript. totius Italiae in Thuscia. Academiam habet Florentia apud omnes Europae populos celebratissimam. Fundamenta ejus jecit Cosmus Medices, Pater Patriae appellatus. Coeptam magno studio auxit praeclaris Avi sui vestigiis insistens, Laurentius Magnus, Princeps Florentinus: quo duce Homerum in Italiam venisse scribit Epistola ad ipsum Marcilius Ficinus: ab eodem cum Joanne Argyropylo, Demetrio Chalcondila, Pico, Angelo Politiuno, aliisque doctissimis viris, Florentiam evocatis. Merula. Cosmog. part. 2. l. 4. He caused to be sent for into Flo­rence Argyrophilus a Grecian born, and at that time in the studies of Rhetorick and Philosophy singularly learned, to the end that the youth of Florence might by him be instructed in the Greek Tongue, and the Liberal Sciences. He entertain­ed also in his house Marcilius Ficinus a Platonick Philosopher, him he entirely loved.

This Academy was afterward by Lawrance De Medices his sons sonne, finished and brought to a full, absolute and flourishing perfection. This Laurence was a great lover of good Letters, he held Marsilius Ficinus (whom his grandfather had caused to come to Florence) in great esteem. He nourished in his house that excellent Scholar Angelus Politianus, who in his youth did first make the Grecian Poet Homer speak in the Latine Tongue.

He entertained with liberal pensions and exhibitions, Demetrius Chalcondylas, Florentinus etiam fuit Franciscus Guiccardinus eruditissimus, ac facundissi­mus scriptor, qui tum alia scripsit, tam etiam sui tem­poris historiam elucubravit libris trigima. Neand. Geog. part. 1. Picus Mirandula, and sundry others, much renowned for their singular learning. Pope Paulus the third, although he daily heard in the Roman Academy, Pompo­nius Laetus, a man excellently learned, yet was he exceedingly desirous to study in the Florentine University, because the Greek and Latine Tongues, together with the other Arts, were there professed with greatest sincerity and profound­nesse. This Prince much augmented, and with great cost adorned the Library which his Grandfather Cosmus had erected near the Temple of S t Mark: from whence of late time have been brought to light many excellent books, which long have lain obscured, and were to be found in no other place of Christendom, as Eusebius Caesariensis, Hierocles, and the works of Clemens Alexandrinus, and others.

Another Library was in this City erected at S t Laurence his Church, by Pope Clement the seventh.

Pifa.

A University was erected here about the year 1339.

Not long after it began exceedingly to flourish, as appeareth by the many grave and reverend Doctors, which therein received their instruction and education, viz. Pope Eugenius the 3 d. Also Raimerus and Bartholomeus, two deep and pro­found Scholars of the Order of the Friers Predicants, whereof the one did write that egregious work of Pantheology: the other set forth The Summe of Cases of Conscience.

There have been learned Professours in this University, Felinus Sandaeus, Franciscus Aretinus, who was held to be the most judicious Civil Lawyer of his time.

Bartholus after be had proceeded in Bononia, did in the Pisan Academy (as him­self [Page 80] confesseth) publickly professe the Civil-Law, Cosmo de Medices restored again this Academy, which in [...] was exceedingly decayed.

After him Laurence his Nephew so much adorned and augmented the same, that Volaterranus and Machiavel name him as the first Founder and Erector thereof.

Sienna.

Academia Senensis. Habet Sena Academiam per celebrem, id est, generale studium, unde & complures magni in re litteraria no­minis hactenus prodierunt, & cultiores indies prodeunt. Quod illi civitati cum multis Italiae urbibus commune est, in quibus litterarum studia maximè florent Siquidem ad caeteras foelicitates illa vel praecipua Italiae accedit, quod omnium honarum artium domicilium, non secus ac illa quondam Graecia, jure potest appellari. Biblioth. Hi [...]p. Sena vulgò Siena claret illustri Academiâ, a [...]que ob puritatem linguae Tuscanae sive Hetruscae, reliquis omnibus Italiae civi­tatibus antefertur; qua de causa Nationes etiam exterae, quae studiorum & linguae purioris Italicae addiscendae gratiâ in Italia peregrinantur, hunc locum, p [...]ae caeteris, ubi aliquandiu commorentur, eligunt, mori quoque for­tassis aptima victus ratione, & salubra aeris temporie quâ gaudet. Hentzueri Itinerarium.There is a fair Church here of Marble, in which are the pictures of all the Popes from Peter, and also of Pope Joan, till Baronius caused it to be pulled down.

An University was here long since erected, as appeareth by the authentick testi­mony of sundry learned Historiographers.

Petrus Ancoranus confesseth, that himself being sent for by the Councell of Sienna, in the year 1357. did in this University three years publickly professe the Civil-Law.

In the time of Pope John the second all manner of studies exceedingly flourished there.

Panormitanus, Paulus Castrensis, Bartholomeus, Socinus, Philippus Decius, Hugo Senensis, and many others of great learning, did adorn this renowned Aca­demy.

In this City was born Aeneas Silvius, who afterward was Pope Pius the 2 d, by whose bounty and benevolence this Academy was adorned with many priviledges. Francis Picolominy, after Pope Pius the 3 d, and Sixtus hence sirnamed Senensis the greatest Scholar of the three, if not of all the age he lived in.

There is a Colledge in it called Domus Sapientiae.

Modena.

When this City was erected, or by whom the University was priviledged, Au­thors mention not.

Naples.

It is a magnificent and neat City. Philip King of Spain was born there, Virgil the Prince of Poets lived there, Neapolitani fuerunt Alex­ander ab Alex­andro, cujus genialium die­rum l. 6. extant varia & erudita doctrina referti, Joannes item Baptista Porta, cujus libri 4 Magiae naturalis, sive de rerum naturalium miraculis in studiosorum manibus reperiuntur. Neand. Geog. part. 1. Livie, Horace, Claudian, Francis Petrarch, Pa­normitane, Laurentius Valla, Blondus, Bartholomaeus Facius, Nicolaus Sagunti­nus, all most excellent men, many of them Divines and Philosophers. Here Luci­lius the Poet, and Thomas Aquinas flourished.

Salern.

This flourished heretofore in the studies of Physick, being consulted by Richard the first King of England when he went to the Holy Warre, they wrote a good book of preserving health,

Anglorum Regiscribit Schola tota Salerni:
Si vis incolumem, si vis te reddere sanum,
Curas tolle graves, irasci erede profanum
Parce mero, coenato parum, non sit tibi vanum,
Surgere post epulas somnum fuge meridianum.
[Page 81]Nec mictum retine, nec comprime fortiter annum.
Haec bene si serves, tu longo tempore vives.

By degrees also other Arts were here taught, although now by the inju­ry of time, and by the splendour of other near Academies it be almost obscured.

CHAP. X. Of the Vniversities of France.

FRance is famous for Corn Wine and Salt.

It hath bred many learned men, Prosper of Aquitain, Gallia multis laudum & variis nomini­bus foelix ha­betur, sed uno beneficio na­turae praecipuè beata, quod clarissimis fluviis in om­nes mundi partes profluentibus est irrigua: Pado illo fluviorum Rege in orientem, Rhodano in meridiem, Sequana in occidentem, Rheno in Septentrionem. Sed Gallia Parisiensis Academiae Disciplinis & artibus longè foe [...]icis­sima, longéque beatissima fuerit. Longè enim latiores longioresque tractus habent ista disciplinarum flumina, & plures terras Nationes que complectuntur, Ea enim Parisiensis Academiae fama est per universam Latini nominis Europam, ut nemo satis eruditus esse videatur, nisi qui Lutetiae didicerit: haec Academia non urbis unius, sed universi orbis Academia est. Ramus Prooem. Reform. Paris. Academ. Irenaeus the renown­ed Bishop of Lions, Cassianus, Bernard Abbot of Clarevalle, Peter Lom­bard Bishop of Paris, John Gerson Chancellour of that University.

Ausonius the Poet, Hottoman and Gotfredus the Civilians, Duarenus the Cano­nist, Barn. Brissonius the great Antiquary, Isaac Casaubon that renowned Philo­loger, Budaeus that great Master of the Greek Language, Thuanus the Historian, Laurentius the Anatomist.

Of later time,

Claudius Espencaeus a Sorbon Doctor, Cardinal Peron, Genebrard the Historian, Petavius.

For Protestants, Calvin, Beza, Farel, Viret, Danaeus, Peter du Moulin, Fr. Junius, Chamier, Philip de Mornay Lord of Phessis. Daeillè.

Some reckon up sixteen Universities in France, some more. Sedecem am­plissimi regni Academiae, Parisiorum, Aureliorum, Biturigum, Andium, Pi­ctonum, Rhenorum, Divionensium, Cadomorum, Nannerum, Burdegalensium. Aqueensium, Gratianopolitanorum, Valentinensium, Tholosarum, Cadurcorum, Nitiobrigum, Avenionem adderem nisi Pontificis quam regis esse mallet. Rami Scholae Mathemat. lib. 3.

Paris, Poictiers, Lions, Angiers, Avignion, Orleance, Bourges, Cane, Rhemes, Burdeaux, Tholouse, Nismes, Mompellier, Bisanson, Dole, Nantes, Grenoble, Valens, Avenion, and Massils, which is the ancientest of them all, and founded by the Grecians.

In the Province of the Gauls there was a particular Countrey called Parisium, in which Julius Caesar in his Commentaries of the warres made with the Gauls, speaking of it, cals it Lutetiam Parisiorum, meaning that this Town was set on Parisi­um. Pasquier Recherch. de la France l. 9. c. 2.

Paris.

Paris (the Metropolis) is the first and most ancient University of France. Lutetia Aca­demiarum om­nium regina. Erasm. Epist. Verè dici po­test omnium Scholarum quas post homines natos floruisse memoriae proditum est, hanc unam esse praestantissimam. Rami Proo [...]m reformandae Paris. Acad. p. 457. O Lutetiae Parisiorum decus, Galliarum solatium, sedem universo hominum generi concessam, Templum religionis, aram legum, medicinae portum, arcem ingenuarum disciplinarum, gloriosissimum bonarum, laudandarumque rerum omnium domicilium: huc Indorum gymnosophystae, magi Persarum, Vates Chaldaeorum, Graecorum sapientes, sacerdotes Aegyptiorum, omniaque omnium terrarum miracula, huc tres orbis dominae, principiesque linguae convenerunt, & commune sibi hospitium domestico usu, & familiari consuetudine fecerunt. Pet. Rami Dialect. praef. 1.

L' Academie de Paris estant, tant pour son antiquitè, pour le nombre d'escholiers, que pour l'opinion de doctrine, la premiere de toutes les universitez qui estoyent au mon­de. Preface D' Antoine Du Verdier Sur Sa Bibliotheque.

It was called Lutetia from lutum, which signifies dirt, because it abounded with [Page 82] dirt and mire, and the French have a Proverb, That a thing stains like the dirt of Paris, Il gaste comme la fange de Paris.

The Emperour Charles the Great did institute this famous University at the earn­est suite and instigation of Alcninus, Lutetia duo­decim millia domorum con­tinet intra muros, praeter eos vicos qui sunt in pomoe­riis, quorum capacitas longe urbem ipsam dicitur supera­re. Domos autem illas no putaveris casas. Sunt enim plurimae quae aliquot hominum millia capere queant, in quibus scientiarum omnium, trium linguarum cultus, Eloquentiae exercitationes, superant auditorum fidem. Scalig. De Subtil. ad Card. exercit CCLX. Lutetia urbs praestans inter omnes Europae multis nominibus, suburbiis etiam decem adeò amplis ut horum alia oertare queant cum amplis urbibus Italiae. Neand. Orbis Terrae Partium Succincta explicatio, part. 1. whose Scholar he had been in the year of Salvation almost 791. so Ramus and Middendorpe, Parisiensis, Patavina, & Ti­cinensis Academiae Carolum magnum parentem suum appellant Papyr. Masson. An­nal. l. 2.

Vtcunque se res habeat satis constat Anglos primos Lutetiae bonas artes docuisse. Polyd. Verg. Hist. Anglic. l. 5.

Pasquier de Recherches de la France. lib. 9. cap. 4. seems to deny that Charles the Great was the founder of this University, and in the 5 th and 6 th Chapters of that Book, he shews his own opinion about it.

He saith there (lib. 3. cap. 29.) that Peter Lombard laid the first stone of the University of Paris.

Lewis the 9 th Philip the 6 th. Charles the 6 th.The Kings of France have beautified it from time to time with many sumptuous edifices, adorned it with many high and noble priviledges, and endued it with many rich and princely revenues.

Some speak of a hundred Colledges there built all of costly marble-stone, for the use of Students.

Lutetiae 54. Collegia exi­stunt, eaque omnia ferè ab Ecclesiasticis condita vel locupletata, quot & quanta in ulla alia orbis Academia vix quispiam notaverit. Geneb. Chronol. l. 4.Others mention but fifty four or fifty two Colledges, whereof fourty are of little use, and in the rest the Students live at their own charges, there being no in­dowment laid unto any of them, except those two, the Sorbonne, and the Colledge of Navarre.

1. That of the Sorbonists.

Le Theatre Des Antiquites De Paris Par Jacques Du Breul.The King S t Lewis by the Counsel of Robert of Sorbonne (which took his sir­name, as they say, from the place of his Nativity) his Almoner and Confessour, resolved to erect a Colledge of Divines, which retains the name of Sorbonne. The most famous Doctors in Divinity have studied in this Colledge. The Pope Clement the 4 th confirmed the foundation of this Colledge.

Theologi Pa­risienses pri­mum totius Europae locum eo genere sibi vendicant, duo habent praecipuè Collegia, Sorbonam & Navarram, eoque conf [...]uere solent ex omnibus propè gentibus doctrinae percipiendae causa. Sleid. Comment. lib. 4.He that answers there continueth from morning to night.

II. The Colledge of Navarre was founded by Joan Queen of France and Navar in the year of Grace 1304. She inriched likewise this Colledge with an excellent Library.

The greatest part of the young Princes, Lords and Gentlemen in France are customarily nourished and instructed in this Colledge rather then another, as well for its pleasant situation and neatnesse, as because of its royal foundation.

Petrus de Aliaco Chancellour of Paris hath bestowed so much on this Colledge, that he is esteemed as a second Founder.

Franciscus primus Rex Gulielmo Bu­daeo & Joanne Bellaio hor­tantibus ad addendum Colophonemiis, qúae in Pacifiensi Academia desiderabantur, destinaro aureorum ducatorum honoracio Regios linguarum protessores inssimuit Hebraicae quidem Franciscum Vatablum, Graecè autem Petrum Danesium Parisiensem. Geneb. Chronol. l. 4. Francis of Valois King of France, anno Dom. 1530. did send for sundry learn­ed Professours of the Greek and Hebrew Tongues, unto whom he allowed liberall exhibitions, unto which he added afterward (being moved thereunto by the coun­sell and perswasions of William Budie and John Bellay, two singularly learned men) [Page 83] the profession of Physick, Philosophy, and the Mathematicks. S t Deuis for Frame. See Pasquiers Re­cherches de la France l. 9. c. 2.

Dionysius Areopagita first taught in this City the principles of Religion.

Clodoveus primus religionem Christianam in Franco Gallorum principatu fundavit. Thuanus Hist. Tom. 3. l. 73.

The Kings Readers and Professours in the Greek Tongue in the University of Paris from the year 1529. Viri doctrina multa & varia literis & lin­guis eruditis, praecipuis & variis in Aca­demia Parisia­na illustres docuere & floruere. Pettus Lom­bardus Episco­pus Parisiensis, qui quod de sententiis & testimoniis patrum expli­carionem om­nium capicum doctrinae Ec­clesiae scripsis­set, venerabili nomine Ma­gister senten­tiarum cogno­minatus fuit, Joannes Ger­son, Cancel­larius Parisi­ensis Theolo­gus, qui Con­cilio Constan­tiensi interfuit, cum Joannes Hus cum socio constantissimo M. Hieronymo à Praga exureretur. Gulielmus Budaeus, Carolus Molinaeus, Andreas Tiraquellus, Jacobus Sylvius, Gulielmus Postellus, Franciscus Vatablus, Adrianus Tarnelus, Dionysius Lambinus, Petrus Ramus, Robertus Stephanus viri doctrina, sapientia at (que) literis praestantissimi ac nobilissimi, & quidam alii. Neand. Orb. Ter. Part. Succinct. Explicat. part. 1.

Petrus Danesius, Johannes Auratus, Jacobus Tusanus, Petrus Gallandius, Adri­anus Turnebus, Dionysius Lambinus, Ludovicus Regis, Georgius Critonus Scotus Natione, Nicolaus Borbonius, and others.

The Kings Readers and Professours in the Hebrew Tongue in Paris from the year 1529.

Franciscus Vatablus, Johannes Mercerus, Gilberius Genebrardus, Agathius Gui­dacerius, Rodolphus Baynus Anglus, Johannes Quinquarborens, Franciscus Jordanus, Petrus Victor Palma Cajetanus, and others.

The Kings Readers and Professours in the Mathematicks in Paris from the year 1533.

Orontius Fineus, Johannes Merlierus, Gulielmus Postellus, Joannes Pena, Ramus his Scholar, Petrus Forcadellus, Johannes Bullingerus.

The Kings Readers and Professours in the Latine Tongue, or Eloquence in Paris from the year 1534.

Bartholomaeus Latomus, Leodegarius de Quercu, Fredericus Morellus, Joannes Passeratius, Theodorus Marcilius.

The Kings Readers and Professours in Philosophy in Paris from the year 1562.

Franciscus Vicomeratus an Italian, and a great Philosopher, Petrus Ramus, Jaco­bus Marius, and others.

The Kings Readers and Professours in Physick in Paris from the year 1543.

Vidus Vidius, Jacobus Silvius, Jacobus Goupylus, Ludovicus Duretus, Joannes Duretus, Joannes Faber, Joannes Riolanus, Master to Sir Theodore Miram, Clau­dius Carolus.

Poictiers, Pictavia.

Poictiers is the Metropolis of the Earldom of Poictou, for Antiquity, not infe­riour to any Town of France, second to Paris, onely in greatnesse, power and majesty.

In this City hath long flourished a most learned University, Andreas Tir­aquellus was Governour of it. for the Civil-Law chiefly, of great fame and authority in degree and preheminence next to Paris.

Scaliger in his Cities thus speaks of it,

Si studium est animae: veniunt à corpore vires;
Galliaque à meritis poscit nerumque sibi:
Haec studiis, aliae belli exercentur amore.
Pictavium est animus, caetera corpus erunt.

It was erected under Charles the 7 th King of France, and confirmed by Pope Eugenius the 4 th.

We read in the Ecclesiastical Histories, that S t Hilary called the Apostle of A­quitaine, first revealed unto this people the light of the Gospel, and became the first Bishop of Poictiers, his excellent writings sufficiently testifie his singular wisdom and learning.

[Page 84] Joannes Capnion and Christophorus Longolius were Professors here.

Lions.

The Arms of the City are a Lion, whence the name of the City in French Lyon. Lugdunum. Anno Dom. 830.

In this City flourished an Academy of great fame and celebrity, which hath sent forth into the world many excellent men, renowned for their great learning and holinesse of life, as Irenaeus and Eucherius both Archbishops of Lions.

Hic claruit Joannes Ger­son, eam exer­navit Petrus Toletus, Bar­tholomaeus Argenterius, aliique magni nominis viri. Swertii Athen. Belg.This City is famous for John Waldus learned in the Scriptures, who opposed the Pope and his Doctrine, whence the Waldenses called by some Pauperes De Lugduno, the poor men of Lions.

It was a Colony of the Romans. They erected a University here near the Church, and consecrated it to Minerva, Eloquence was chiefly adorned, and the youth was much exercised in learning it.

Palleat, ut nudis pressit qui calcibus anguem,
Aut Lugdunensem rhetor dictarus ad aram. Juv. Sat.

Angiers.

It is the Metropolis of the Dukedom of Aniou.

Andegavum Vinum album celebratissimae est bonitatis: le vin d' Aniou. Jodoc. Sincer. Itinerar. Gal. Non ingrata fuit Academia in educandis jurisconsultis magni nomi­nis, qui fuerunt Lazarus Bay­fius, Franc. Balduinus, Eguinarius Baro, Johannes Bodinus (aliquibus, joce, puto, dictus Andius sine bono) Parliamenti Parisiens. advocatus & alii. Golni [...]ai Itinerarium Bellico-Gallicum.A publick University was in this City erected by Lewis the second about that time that Rupertus Phaltsgrave of Rheine founded Heidelberg in Germany, which was about the year 1346. Others will have it to be founded in the year 1362. at which time Casimire erected Cracon in Polonia.

It flourisheth in the study of the Latine especially.

Henry Valoise Duke of Aniou, brother to King Charles the ninth, not long since with much industrious care, laboured to augment and restore the same: the which good work that he might the better perform, he with great mu­nificence invited thither sundry excellently learned Scholars: amongst the which was Francis Baldwin, who therein to his everlasting memory did establish the pro­fession of the Civil-Law.

Bodine came out of this University.

Avignion.

I is an ancient City of Prouuence, situated on the bank of Rhodanus, wherein is an University of long continuance.

Pope John the 22. transferred the Apostolick seat from Rome unto this City, after whom it remained there 74 years, or thereabout.

The City and Church of Avignion are at this day immediately subjected to the Popes of Rome, who first became Lords thereof, by means of a certain Neapolitane Queen, who being indebted to the Church of Rome, resigned this City to the Bishops thereof, and his Successours for ever.

His Commenta­ries on the Ci­vil-Law. Aemilius Fer­retus also taught here. In Collegio Jurisconsultorum Cathedrae inscriptum notabis: Sessio Aemilii Ferreti: Peritum erno, imperitum dedecore. Jodoc. Sincer. Itinerar. Gal. Paulus Castrensis a Lawyer, by sundry learned works he wrote, much enobled this University.

Andreas Alciatus coming into France was hired (as himself in an Oration he made to the Scholars of Tycinum confesseth) for six hundred Crowns to be a pub­lick Reader in this University. He taught the Law here.

Orleance.

It is a rich and plentifull City placed on the bank of the River Loire.

Some ancient Historiographers write, Aurelia. Vinum quod ex circumia­cente agro colligitur ge­nerosissimis Galliae ac­censetur Sani­tati tamen proficuum non creditur. Sic ut etiam Pincerne regio hoc Principi suo propinare vetitum prohibeatur. Jodoc. Sinc. Itinerar. Gal. that the foundation of this City was laid by Aurelian the Emperour, in the year 276. and from him was called Aure­lia, which name unto this day it retaineth. Others say, it was onely enlarged by him.

In this City was erected an University by Philip le Beau King of France, in the year from our Saviours Nativity 1312. wherein the Civil-Law is with such learning and admiration professed, that this Academy hath been often of grave and learn­ed Writers, entituled the nurse or mother thereof. It enjoyeth the same priviledge with Tholouse.

The Maidens here especially labour to adorn the French Tongue, They call it Pindarizer. and they strive so to excell in it with an emulation, that they boast that they imitate Pindar.

Bourges.

It is a City in France of great fame, rich, spacious, and much frequented.

Some say, it was called Byturus quasi Bituris, from two ancient Towers, which they affirm to have been in this City erected by two brethren, which there together raigned.

T [...]ribus à binis inde vocor Bituris.

In this City is a most glorious University, and so much admired of all learned Authors, that whensoever they have occasion to write thereof, they call it, Academiam habet celeber­rimam, & cul vix ulla totius Galliae par. Erecta sub regno Ludo­vici, cui Sancti nomen indi­tam. Docue­runt hic juris­prudentiam Andraeus Alciatus, Eguinarius Baro, Petrus Rebussus, Franciscus Balduinus, Fr. Duarenus, Antonius Con­tius, Hugo Donellus, Fr. Hotomanus, Jacobus Cuiacius, Joh. Mererius. Jodoc. Sinc. Itinerar. Gal. The ornament of Letters, and habitation of the Muses. It was many years since found­ed by a certain Duke of Burges, but after in continuance of time falling to decay, and being almost utterly extinct, it was again restored by sundry Kings of France. It was authorized and endued with many great priviledges and high prerogatives by Pope Paulus the 2 d of that name.

Here Alciate, Rebuffus, Duarenus, Hotoman, Bonellus and Cuiacius (famous Lawyers) lived and taught with great applause.

Cane.

An University was erected at Cane in Normandy, upon this occasion. Academia Cadomensis. Henry the 5 th King of England, who subdued the Kingdom of France, and left the title to his posterity after many great and glorious Conquests atchieved against the French King, he at last bereaved him of Normandy, in the year 1418. In token and memory of which victory, as an eternal Trophy and Monument of his glory, he caused to be laid in Cane the foundation of this University.

The Archbishop of Dublin was the first Reader of Divinity there.

Here now lives Bochart the learned French Divine.

Rhemes.

It is a goodly City, and the Metropolis of Champaigne, wherein not long since was erected an University by the Prince Charles Guise, Cardinal of Lorain, Arch­bishop and Duke of Rhemes, whose glory and renown daily more and more encrea­seth, by reason of the Arts so learnedly there professed.

S. Remigius was Bishop of this City, a man of holy conversation, and excel­lently learned, as it evidently appeareth by the Commentaries which he wrote upon the Old and New Testament. He baptized Clodovaeus a mighty and puissant King of France, together with Chotisdis his wife, daughter to the King of Burgundy, he died in the year 498.

The French Kings are anointed at Rhemes with the oyl wherewith S t Re­migius [Page 86] had anointed Clodoveus the first Christian King of France.

Burdeaux.

It is the head City of Aquitane.

In this City hath long flourished a most renowned University commonly called the School of Aquitaine, Gymnasium Aquitanicum per excellenti­am vocatur, quòd in nulla alia Aquiraniae Academia omne artium genus publicè tradatur. Europaei orbis Academiae. where the Arts are publikely taught and professed.

Here Ausonius that famous Poet was born and educated.

Tholouse.

Pope John the 22 was the first Institutor of the University therein, which as it was erected not long after Paris, so doth it enjoy the same priviledges that here­tofore have been granted to Paris.

There was said in times past to have been in this City a Temple, wherein were commonly reserved in secret vaults and dungeons under ground, as Possi­donius saith, 15000 talents of gold, which if any man had taken, he shortly after came to some unfortunate end: From whence proceedeth the Proverb, applied commonly to those whose attempts are ever unfortunate and without success, Au­rum babet Tolosanum.

Nismes.

It is called by Ptolomy, Pemponias Mela; Strabo and others, Nemausus; it is an ancient City in Dolphine, wherein was lately erected an University.

Mompelliers.

Mons Pessula­nus. Academia Mons peliensis Medecinae studiis toto orbe celeber­rima. Ex Parisiensi scholâ prodierunt Fernelius, Hollerius, Ludovicus Duretus, Ruellius, Andreas Vesalius, Heurnius, Va­letius, Jacobus Sylvius, Riolanus uterque. Ex Monspeliensi, Gentilis, insignis Avicennae commentator, Falco, Argen­terius, Dalechampius, Rondeletius, Valeriola, Jacobus Fontanus, Laurentius Joubertus, Andreas Laurentius, insignis Anatomes scriptor. Primrosii academia Mons peli [...]sis.A City in Dolphiny not far distant from the Mediteranian sea.

An University was therein erected (as some Writers affirm) in the year of our Lord 1196. which afterward was endued with many priviledges by Pope Vrban the fifth, who layed the foundation of a goodly house called Popes Colledge.

There have famous Physitians proceeded out of Paris and this University.

Bisanson.

It is the Metropolis of Burgandy.

In the year of salvation 1540. by the authority of Pope Julius the 3 d, and the Emperour Charles the 5 th a new University was therein erected, which hath ex­ceedingly since flourished.

Dole.

This is also a City in Burgundy, very strong and opulent.

An University is therein of great continuance, wherein among many other sci­ences the Civil Law is most Learnedly read and professed.

Carolus Molinaeus here publickly taught the Law.

Geneva.

Collegium in­accessum ne relinquas & intres quoque bibliothecam, in qua osten­dentur tibi Biblia Gallica ante 300, & quod excurrit annos versa. Caeterum urbs Mercurialis, viget (que) in primis negotiatio serica. Quin & li­braria negotiatione nobilitatissima est. Jodoc. Sinc. Itinerar. Gall.It is a famous Town in Savoy of very great Antiquity.

The situation of it is pleasant and the Country fertile.

There is a Library of ancient and rare Books, the French Bible translated 300 years since.

The inhabitants generally are addicted to the more pure and Reformed Religion, thence it is the refuge and asylum of the afflicted exiles of Christ.

[Page 87]For the Politick Government, this Common-wealth is free from all Dominion, and it obtained this liberty from Charles the 4 th Emperour.

There have been many Learned men here, Peter Viret, William Farell, John Calvin, Antony Sadeel, Petrus Cevallerias, Cornelius Bertram, Bucane, Fredericke Spanheme. Theodore Beza, Simon Goulartius, Antonias Falus, John Deodate Professor of Divinity and the Hebrew Tongue, Isaac Casaubone the Kings Professor for the Greek.

CHAP. XI. Of the Vniversities of Polonia, Prussia and Litua­nia, Bohemia and Moravia.

Craconia.

IT is the Metropolis of Polonia.

An Academy was instituted in this City by Casemire the second, in the year of salvation 1361. which afterward, viz. in the year 1400. was by Vladis­laus, at the instant intercession of Hedvigis his Queen ratified and confirmed with the Popes authority.

The University is not in the principall City, but in that part which lieth on the other side of the river, and is named from the first Founder thereof Cazimira: Therein are two goodly Colledges, in the one is professed Philosophy and Divi­nity, in the other Physick and the Civil Law; the other inferiour studies are there also learnedly taught with great diligence of the Readers.

Posnania.

An University was erected in Posne of late years by Sigismond the King of that Nation, and confirmed by Pope Clement the eight.

The Jesuites enjoy therein a goodly Colledge, wherein they profess Theology, Philosophy, and the other inferiour studies.

Koningsperge.

Mons Regius, commonly called Koningsperge, Mons Regius, patria Joannis de Monte Re­gio summi Mathematici, cujus extant subtilissima commentaria in Almagestum Ptolomoei. Neand. Geog. parte 1 2. is the Metropolis of the great Dukedome of Prussia.

Albertus Marquess of Brundeburg first erected in Koaningsperge the University which hath ever since, even untill this present time, continually flourished. Anno Domini 1544.

Vilna,

Commonly called the Wilde, is a large and apulent City in the great Dukedom of Lithuania, whereof it is the Metropolis.

Near unto the Church of S t John the Baptist, was lately erected a goodly and spacious Colledge, possessed by the Jesuites.

The Universities of Bohemia and Moravia.

Prage.

It is a renowned City, lying in the center of Bohemia.

This School by reason of the access of Germanes thither, grew to be exceedingly frequented, and so flourished untill the springing up of Wicliffe. Not long after him arose amongst them Hierom of Prage, and John Hus, so named from a little Village wherein he was born called Hus, which in the Bohemian Language signi­fieth a Goose.

Olmuts.

It is a fair and ample City in Moravia, now annexed to the Crown of Bo­hemia.

The University there seems to have been erected lately since the coming thither of the Jesuites, for whom there was built a magnificent and sumptuous Colledge at the Popes charges.

CHAP. XII. Of the Vniversities of Spain.

MVnster reckons up these as the principall Learned men in Spain, which are well known and famous elsewhere, Fulgentius, Isidore Archbishop of Sivill, Paulus Orosius, Paulus Burgensis, King Alphonsus, Colu­mella, Higinius, Sedulius the Poet, Ludovicus Vives the Orator, Quintilian the Rhetorician, Seneca the Orator, Pomponius Mela, Raymundus Lullus, Justin the Historiographer; and among the Jews and Saracens, Aben Esra, David and Moses Kimchi, Avicenna, Averroes, Rasis, Mesalac, Albumazar, and many others.

Maximis Hi­spaniam inge­niis semper abundasse hi­storici pro­dunt. Quan­tum enim Seneca, Fabius Quintilianus, Justinus historicus, Paulus Orosius, Pomponius Mela, Averrois, Avi­cenna, Columella, Higinius, Sedulius, Raimundus, Lullus, Rasis, Fulgentius, Sanctus Laurentius, Vincentius, Dominicus, Isidorus, Vives, &c. rem literariam & Religionem promoverint, nemo est qui ignoret. Middendorp. de A [...]adem. lib. 3. Vide Merulae Cosmog. parte 2 da lib. 2. Mercator in his Atlas, saith the Academies or Universities in Spain, are about twenty two.

Munster saith there are seven famous Universities in Spain, viz. Salamanca, Complute, Colimbria, Pinciaria, Toledo, Sanguntum, Osten, and Ilerden.

Toledo.

In this City was the University first erected by a certain Bishop of the same Sea, and was afterward confirmed by the priviledges of many Popes and Kings of Spain.

The chief sciences therein professed are the Canon and Civil Law.

The Archbishop of this City is Chancellor of Castile, Metropolitan and chief of all the Ecclesiasticall persons in Spain, the revenews of this Church amounteth to the summe of 200000 Duckats, whereof the Archbishop receiveth 80000.

Siville.

It excelleth all other Cities of Spain in fertility of the soyl, which bringeth forth all kindes of Grain, Hispalis Avicenna me­dicus & [...]hi­losophus, & Leander, qui sua eruditio [...]e, & industria Hermegil­dum, & Ri­chardum Go­thorum Re­ges, ab Arri­ana haeresi ad Catholi­cam Religionem reduxit. Hinc Isidorus Hispalensis Episcopus. Europaei orbis Academiae. Vide Neand. Geog. parte 1 a. and Olives in great abundance, and is environed with green and fruitfull trees.

The Archbishop of Sivill is in degree next unto him of Toledo, he receiveth yearly out of the Church revenews 24000. Duckats.

The University herein is of great antiquity, and hath sent forth into the world many Learned and excellent men, as Pope Sylvester the 2 d, Avicena profound Philosopher, and most excellently Learned Physitian, and Leander, who by their industry and wisdom, reclaimed Hermigild, and Richard, Kings of the Gothes from Arianism to the Catholike faith, herein also flourished Isidorus, a man much re­nowned for sincerity and profoundness in Learning.

[Page 89]In this University is a rich and most renowned Library, near to the Friars Pre­dicants.

Valentia.

In this City is an University, which in the year of grace 1470. did wonderfully flourish. Herein Dominicke the first Founder of the Friers Predicants, did absolve the courses of Philosophy and Theology.

In this Country are made those Porceline dishes, which for pure temper of the mettall, and exquisite workmanship, are so much desired in forraign Na­tions.

Granada.

By the great bounty and liberality of the King of Spain in this City, Academia Granatensis. was Foun­ded and erected a most sumptuous and magnificent Colledge to the use of the Je­suites, who are authorized therein to profess Philosophy, Divinity, and other in­feriour studies.

In this place had that mirrour of Christendom Lewes of Granada his birth and education.

Compostella.

An University and Archbishops See, vulgarly called S t Jago, Compostella non incelebri à sepulto ibi D. Jacobo, ad cujus monu­mentum olim longioribus etiam itineribus, & peregrinationibus è multis terris Europae homines accurrere solebant condonationem omnis culpae illic accepturi. Neand. Geog. parte 1 a. in honour of S t James, whom they pretend to be buried here, and of whom there is an Order of Knights.

The Emperour Charles the great Founded herein a goodly Colledge, now Go­verned after the rule of Isidore.

Valladolit.

It was wont to be numbred among the seven most ancient Universities of Spain. Called Pintia in old Authors.

King Philip late deceased, because he was born there, did restore unto it the ancient Priviledges thereto belonging, and did his uttermost endeavours to raise it to his former dignity. He hath lately erected a Colledge there for the Institution of young English Gentlemen, which have abandoned their Country.

Complute.

Among many great and goodly Cities in Spain, Complute, Complutum. which of the Spani­ard is commonly called Alcala de Henares, is not the meanest.

An University was herein erected by an Archbishop of Toledo, named Fran­ciscus Ximenes, who was by profession a Franciscan Frier, in the year 1317.

There is Collegium Complutense Philosophicum: disputations upon Aristotles Lo­gick and naturall Philosophy.

Salamanca.

Some say this University was first founded in the year of Christs incarnation 1404. many Kings and Popes have granted divers priviledges to it. Omnes Hi­spaniarum Pontifices, omnes proce­res nostrorum, qui ubi (que) sunt, regnorum ad suas opes in hanc Acade­miam confe­rendas & in Collegioru [...] multitudinem magnificentiamque augendam certatim contendisse visi sunt. Biblioth. Hispan. Tom. 1. c. 1.

Pope Clement the 5 th in a Councell held at Vienna, made a Decree, that the Hebrew, Arabick and Chaldee tongues should in this Academy be continually taught.

Ignatius Loyola first Founder of the society of the Jesuites, was in this Univer­sity a Student.

The famous Didacus Covarruvias professed the Canon Law here. Franciscus à Victoria was Professour of Divinity here.

Dominicus à Soto, l. 1. de Justitia & jure, cals it his University.

Saragossa.

In this ancient City the Kings of Arragon are usually accustomed to be Crowned. Caesar augu­stana sive Sa­ragossa in regno Arra­goniae. Est haec primaria civitas ubi reges Arragoniae coronantur.

By Pope John the 22 d, the priviledges of this University were restored and ratified.

Signenca.

Little is said in Authors concerning the Foundation of this University or dona­tion of priviledges thereto.

Lerida.

In this City flourisheth an Academy of great Antiquity, wherein Pope Calix­tus the 3 d, before he obtained the Papacy, proceeded Doctor of either Law, who afterward became a publick Professor of the Civil Law in the same place.

Also Vincent a Dominican Frier was there made Doctor of Divinity.

Huesca, Osca or Isca.

It is a goodly City of Arragon, containing an University of great Antiquity, which is said to have been erected before the coming of Christ, as a Nursery for the Institution of Noble mens children.

Ulyssipona.Lisbone.

It is the Metropolis of Portugall.

A most renowned University was by the bounty of their Kings erected in this City, where even untill this day the liberall Sciences are professed with great pro­foundness, to the incredible benefit of Christendom.

Conimbra.

It is a most pleasant and goodly City in Portugall.

An University was therein Founded in these later daies, by John the 2 d, King of Portugall.

Vincentius Fabricius enarrabat Ho­merum, non ut Graeca verte­ret Latinè, sed quasi ageret in ipsis Athenis, id quod nusquam hactenus videram: & nihilo segnius discipuli praeceptorem imitabantur: fermè in totum usi & ipsi sermone Graecanico. Equibus auspiciis si fas est divinare, florentissima erit Conimbrica linguarum studiis. De Theologia speciem praebuerunt tres monachi, qui cùm pau­cis mensibus in ea palaestra fuissent versati, de themate proposito disputaverunt argutissimè, & reipsa testati sunt quàm eruditis viris illic darent operam. Clen. Epist. l. 2. Jacobus Payva Andradius studied in this University.

There is Collegium Conimbricense upon a good part of Aristotle, his Logick and Physicks.

Evora.

It is another famous City of Portugall.

An University was herein lately erected by Henry Cardinall of Portugall, who was Bishop of that place. He was a man endued with abundant wealth, and ex­ceedingly affected to the Muses.

Majorica.

Academia Majorica sive Lulliana, eò quòd ibi Lulli doctrina peculiariter tradatur in urbe metropoli insulae sive regni Majorici. Middendorp. de Acad. l. 3. Ejus viri tan­t [...] apud suos cives authoritas & existimatio, ut etiam hodie magno stipendio Lulliana Philosophia ibi doceatur l [...]co Aristotelicae. Alsted. Eucyclop. l. 4. c. 8.In this City is an ancient priviledged and authorized University, where the Arts generally are publikely with great Learning professed.

Among the Students of this Academy, the memory of Raymundus Lullius is [Page 91] with great admiration retained, because he received therein his birth and educati­on: in so much, that even untill this present time, a Learned man is there with li­berall exhibition entertained to maintain and teach the doctrine professed by Lulli­us in times past.

CHAP. XIII. Of the Vniversities of England.

BRittain (which comprehends England and Scotland) is the greatest Isle­land of Europe; it was in times past called Albion, say some, ab albis mon­tibus primùm ad eam navigantibus apparentibus. See Bish. Vsher De Britan. Eccles. primord.

Some of the chief things for which England is famous, are comprehended in this verse, ‘Mons, & Fons, & Pons, Ecclesia, Faemina, Lana.’

England is termed by some, the Paradise of women, the Purgatory of servants, the Hell of horses.

England hath been famous for Learned men, Ante hac gra­tulatus sum Angliae tuae, quae tot haba­ret viros egre­gia probitate, parique do­ctrina praedi­tos: nunc propemodum invidere incipio, quae sic efflorescat omni genere studiorum, ut omnibus regionibus lau­dem praeripiat, ac pene tenebras offundat. Quanquam ista laus haud ita nova est vestrae insulae, in qua constat & olim eximios viros extitisse. Declarant id vel Academiae vestrae quae vetustate nobilitateque eum verustissimis & celeberrimis certant. Eras. l. 6. Epist. Gulielmo Montioco. and for her Seminaries of Learn­ing, as well as other things.

Renowned Scholars amongst us.

Alcuinus one of the Founder of the University of Paris, Beda styled Venerabilis, Anselm and Bradwardine Archbishops of Canterbury, Alexander of Hales Tutor to Thomas Aquinas, and Bonaventure, John Wiclef.

Since the times of the Reformation, John Jewell Bishop of Salisbury, D r John Reynolds and M r Richard Hooker, D r Whitaker, Bishop Bilson and Andrews, both Bishops of Winchester, Bishop Mountague of Norwich, D r John Whitgift.

Papists, D r Harding, Nicholas Sanders, and D r Thomas Stapleton, Campian and Parsons, and William Rainolds.

For other studies, Lindwood the Canonist, Cosins and Cowell eminent in the study of the Civil Laws, Bracton and Briton of old times, Dier and Cooke of late daies expert in the Laws of England. Johannes de Sacro Bosco the Author of the book of the Sphere, Roger Bacon, a famous Mathematician, Sir Francis Bacon an excellent Philosopher, Sir Thomas More Lord Chancellor, a witty and Learned man, Sir Henry Savill a great Grecian, Sir Henry Spelman a Learned Antiquary, Camden the Pausanias of the British Islands, Sir Thomas Bodlie, Sir Isaac Wake, M r Selden, Matthew Paris, Matthew of Westminster, Roger Hoveden, Henry of Hunting­don, William of Malmesbury and Thomas of Walsingham, all known Histo­rians.

For Poetry, Gower, Chancer, Spencer, Sir Philip Sidnie, Daniel and Draiton, Beaumont and Fletcher, Ben Johnson.

As the messenger of Pyrrhus long since called Italy a Country of Kings, and Egypt was wont to be called the Country of Physitians; so may this blessed Island of ours justly merit the title of The Region of Divines. D r Hals Preface to the married Clergy. For practicall Divinity we ex­ceed all the Re­formed Churches

Stupor mundi Clerus Britannicus: whence many outlandish men have learned English, that they might reade those Books of our Divines which were printed in our Language.

[Page 92] Joseph Scaliger Anglorum vero etiam do­ctissimi tam prave Latina efferunt, ut in hac urbe, quum quidam ex ea gente per quadran­tem horae in­tegrum apud me verba fe­cisset, neque ego magis eum intellige­rem, quam si Turcice lo­quutus fuisset, ego hominem rogaverim ex­cusatum me habere, quod Anglice non bene intelligerem. Ille, qui eum ad me deduxerat tantum cachinnum sustulit, ut mea non minus interfuerit pude­re quam ipsius ridere. Scalig. Epist. l. 4. Epist. 362. Stephano Uberto. Cum essem in Italia graves viros gravi [...]er & cum decoro pronunciantes audiebam. Cum in Britanniam veneram, novos viros, novo quodam pronuntiati­onis genere omnia personare ostendebam. Hic itaque sic cogitabam apud me, cum nec Romae, nec in universa Italia, imo verò cum neque in Germania, Gallia, neque Belgia, nec alibi gentium, quàm in nostra Britannia ullum unquam verbum de pronunciatione illa nova, ullavè mentio aut significatio tum fuit, novam pronunciati­onem alibi in usu non fuisse quàm in Britannia certò scire licet. Nequè ea tamen universa, sed certo quodam loco, in quo per ea tempora Oratores novi imperaban [...]. Sic tamen haec refero, ut eos propter literas aliasque virtutes vehementer amem & suspiciam propter haec vero laudem minime. Caii De pronunciatione Graecae & Latinae Linguae cum scriptione nova libellus. findes fault with our English men for speaking Latine.

Some think they pronounce the a too little, and the i too big and broad.

Caius in his Book De pronuntiatione Graecae & Latinae linguae, saith, that he learned by experience that variety of pronuncing did hinder mutuall commerce, mens society and understanding of things. He saith, that a Greek Patriarck be­ing at London in the Reign of Edward the 6 th, did not understand Sir Thomas Cheeke, nor Sir Thomas him, the Knight using the new kinde of pronouncing, the other the old: he addes, pleading for the old and barbarous pronunciation, Quo omnes Graci ad huc utebantur cum ego essem Venetiis, tum è Cathedra Graecas literas profitendo, tum in templis sacra celebrando. Audiebam enim data opera saepius. At si ego tacerem norit Oxonionsis schola, quemadmodum ipsa Graecia pronunciarit, ex Matthaeo Calphurnio Graeco, quem ex Graecia Oxonium Graecarum literarum gratia produxerat Thomas Wolsaeus, de bonis literis optimè meritus Cardinalis, cum non alia ratione pronunciarit ille, quàm qua nos jam profitemur. Id si ita sit, nos Britanni do­cebimus ipsos Graecos in ipsa Graecia oriundos sua verba sonare? suas voces atquè literas pronuntiare? & plus in aliena lingua sapiens quàm ipsa gens atquè natio, cui lingua Graeca familiaris atque etiam vulgaris est, & successione temporum continuata, tan­quam per manus esse tradita? Nam privata haec pronunciatio paucorum hominum in Britania est, & eorum juvenum, alibi minimè recepta gentium.

Westminster having but 40 Scholers, sends as many yearly to both the Vni­versities, as Ea­ton and Win­chester both, though they have each of them 70 Scholers. Hactenus de Collegiis & Aulis, quae eleganti stru­cturâ opimis redditibus, & instructis Bibliothecis ita florent, ut reliquas orbis Christiani Academias superent omnes. Hentzueri Itinerarium Ger­maniae, Angliae, Galliae, Italiae. Cum in utraque Angliae Academia ante multos annos viverem in sociorum (Collegi­orum) numero multos viros doctissimos me invenisse memini, qui cum quibusvis contendere possent. Constant. L' Emper. Not. In Benjaminem.There are in England many triviall Schooles in Towns and Cities: Amongst which the most famous are,

That of Eaton and Westminster, founded by Henry the 6 th, Edward the 4 th, and Q. Elizabeth, and of Winchester, Schola certè Augusta, ante 200 ampliùs annos erecta, ut adolescentes suavioribus disciplinis imbuti, ad artes Academicas meliori ge­nio animum intendant. Europaei orbis Academiae.

There are also in London that of Pauls, and Merchant Taylors.

The two Universities of England may equall many beyond Sea.

Vbi tot Academiae quot Collegia, Scultetus de curriculo vitae. Magnae in Collegiis Angliae opes & vectigalia: verbo vobis dicam? unum Oxoniense Collegiam (rem in­quisibi) superat vel decem nostra. Lipsi Lovanium l. 3. c. 5.

Most of their Universities ( Paris excepted) being no better then our Colledges of Westminster, Eaton or Winchester.

Oxford (without controversie) is the more healthfull place, and better situated, and the Town and streets (I suppose) larger.

Non imme­rito apud antiquos Ox­onis Bellositum audiit, quasi musae con­spirassent, hic tantùm do­micilia sibi statuere, ubi & amaenitas, & salubritas suas sibi sedes potissimas praeelegissent. Wake Mus. Regn.Both Universities are governed by a Vicechancellour and Proctors.

The Heads of the Colledges in Oxford have severall Titles, as President, Ma­ster, Warden, Provost, Dean, Principall; but in Cambridge they are all sty­led Masters, except in Kings Colledge, the Head of that House is called the Provost.

[Page 93]The time of Doctors and Masters proceeding yearly or taking their compleat degree, is called Commencement A French word which signifieth be­ginning, rather because they Commence or begin in those degrees, then because it begins before Oxford Act. in Cambridge, Act in Oxford, for though they be designed before to their degrees, yet they obtain them not actually and com­pleatly but in Comitiis.

Oxford Act concludes with a Latine Sermon, so doth not Cambridge.

In our Universities Schollars live in their Colledges, not in the Town, Studiofi vitam fere monasti­cam degunt, sicut enim in Monasteriis olim Monachi, nullis aliis rebus, erant intenti & occupati, quam ut statis horis, precibus ad Deum fusis, reliquum tempus bonis artibus, & studiis honestis impenderent, ita & hos facere oportet. Hentzueri Itinera­rium Germaniae, Angliae, Galliae, Italiae. as some where beyound Sea. Hentzuerus saith, Vestitus cum Jesuitarum fermè congruit; ete­nim togis sunt induti longis ad talos usque demissis.

By the Councell of Vienna Clementina­rum Quinto Antiquae illae quatuor no­minantur Academiae, Luteria, Oxo­nium, Bononia, Salaman [...]ica: & Lutetia dicta prior est: at homini Gallo, in Concilio Galliae. At posterior est Oxonio si haec nostra est Luretiae mater: & Alcuinus noster, Caroli autem magni Praeceptor, ipse fuit auctor, ut Parisiensis Schola inciperet, & initium haberet: ubi antea nulla erat quod ipsi sic scribunt & confirentur Galli Alber. Gentilis laudes Acad. Paris. Oxon. Verè antiquissima omnium est Academia nostra, In quatuor nobi­lissimis & celeberrimis ipsa est prima. Id. ibid. Academia antiquissima, & in quatuor nobilissimis, quae sunt Oxo­nium, Lutetia, Bononia, Salamanca, prima; populosissima, & frequentissima: quae jam Edvardo primo regnante triginta millia Studiosorum censuit. Lansii Orat. pro Britannia. Haec est illa Academia fama celebri nortisimà, & longissimè apud exteras gentes divulgata, ubi prudens ille, solers, & sagax de Hispaniis Legatus Toleranus, cum dies plures disputationibus Gymnasticis, noctes verò serotinas spectaculis Comicis & Tragicis inte [...] fuisset li­benter, probasset sapienter, laudasset graviter haec verba publice palam, & aperte profitebatur, Regiones plures per­lustravi, multa vidi, sed haec sunt admiranda, & sic referam ubi in Patriam venero. Academ. quae aliquando fue­runt & hodie sunt in Europa, Catalogu [...]. Oxford was reckoned not only among one of the four ancient Universities, but had the second place, Paris, Oxford, Bononia, Sa­lamanca, and, as some think, it may justly challenge the first place, though Corin­gius in his first Dissertat. Antiq. Academ. and some others think it was a while after Paris.

Ingulphus (who was Secretary to William the Conquerour) saith he lived in Studio Oxoniensi. His words are these, Historia In­gulphi. Ego Ingulphus humilis magister S. Guthlaci Monasteriique sui Croilandensis, natus in Anglia, & à parentibus Anglicis, quippe urbis pulcherrimae Londoniarum pro literis addiscendis in teneriori aetate constitutus, primum Westmonasterio, post modum Oxoniensi studio traditus etiam.

Those Schools of Learning which we call Academies or Universities, that Age termed Studia; that is, Studies. S t Hierom termed the Schools of Gaul, Studia florentissima. The name of University was taken up about the time of King Henry the 3 d, for a publick School.

There are but three Latine Writers (which I have met with) who [...]ve written generally de Academiis, Junius, and Middendorpe, and another intituled, Acade­miarum quae aliquando Fuere & Hodie sunt in Europa, Catalogus & enumeratio brevis.

At the end of Junius his excellent Treatise de Academiis, Academia ad Isidis vadum quae nunc no­bis corruptè Oxford pro Ouseford di­citur, Alfridi benevolentia, & pietate in­stituta. Lelandi Comment. in Cygneam cantionem. Alphredus magnus Scholas liberalium artium publicas Neoti piis monitis Oxonii primus, ut praefertur, posuit, ut omnibus adventantibus essent Communes. Balaeus de Script. Brit. Cent. 2. Academia Oxoniensis statim à principio, tum divinarum humanarumque literarum studiis, tum mira hominum doctrinis incumbentium frequentia multo Celeberrima esse caepit, deinceps usque eò floruit, ut jam facile cum quovis alio totius orbis gymnasio de nominis gloria certare possit. Polyd Verg. Angl. hist. lib. 5. Ut enim de Anglia dicam prius, unde nobis prima literaturae rudimenta redierunt, ab Alphredo Rege Scholam pub­licam Oxoniae esse institutam anno Christiano septuagesimo tertio vel potius nonagesimo quinto, Ex Oxoniensium monumentis haud pauci hodie narrant. Coring. de Antiq. Acad. Dissertat. 3. there is added a brief Catalogue of all the Universities in the Christian world, in which their Country, Names, Originall and situation are described out of Ptolomy.

He begins with England, and therein with Oxford, and saith of it, Academia Oxoni­ensis vulgò Oxford, quam instituit Aluredus, Saxonum Rex, Anno Christi 872. Posteà vero ex multorum Principum & Praesulum beneficentia, amplissimis structuris, re­ditibus & privilegiis ornatur: hab [...]tque jam Collegia XVI, aulas etiam VIII, sin­gula [Page 94] aedificiorum splendore magnificentissima, ac bonarum literarum artiumque omni­um studia florentissima. Cantabrigiensis, vulgò Cambridge, in qua primum Colle­gium instituit Batsomus, Eliensis Episcopus, Anno 1274. Habet jam Collegia XI, Aulas etiam IV, eaque omnia aedificiorum celebritate praestantissima. Habuit etiam ante Scholam publicam perangustam (in qua Philosophia, humanio oresque disciplinae tradebantur) à Sigeberto, Estanglorum Rege constitutam, Anno 637.

Yet it is the opinion of some, that the University of Oxford was rather restored then first Founded by King Alured, Anno 806. after it had been over-born a while by Danish furies.

Middendorp in his 3 d Book de Academiis, where he speaks of the Universities of England, saith, Inter harum duarum Academiarum professores gravis & acerba nu­per controversia exorta est, dum singuli suam Academiam & antiquiorem prioremque tempore, & praestantiorem existere asseverant, & varias pro sua quisque sententia rationes, diversaque argumenta producit, ut difficile sit homini externo, terra ab iis marique disjuncto, suum judicium interponere. But after counsell given to them, to endeavour rather to excell each the other in diligence, Quid profue­rit si haec illa antiquior fu­erit Academia, modo haec illi virtute par sit. Puerorum est de locorum praestantia & dignitate con­tendere, & inanium verborum contentione & dissidio animos vulnerare. Caius de Antiquit. Cantab. Acad. l. 1. Dr Arrowsmiths modesty and ingenuity I approve of, who in a speech at Cambridge- Commencement the last save two, had this passage, Cantabrigia, Oxonium. Oxonium, Cantabrigia. faithfulness and wisdom, and not to stand so much upon antiquity, and multitude, or excellency of Col­ledges, which belong more to the glory of the dead then the living, he concludes at the last thus,

Porrò utramque hanc Academiam, veterem quidem atque florentem reperio, Can­tabrigiensis tamen, quantum hactenus deprehendere licuit, tempore prior & antiquior est. Ideoque ab ea principium ducam.

But Learned Sir Isaac Wake in his Rex Platonicus p. 217. saith thus,

Haec ipsa Antiquitatis lis, publico jam nuper totius Regni conventu Parliamen­tario, ex antiquissimorum Historicorum fide examinata est & determinata, & prae­cedentia Oxoniensi Vniversitati communi applausu omniumque suffragiis asserta.

There he also addeth, p. 218.

Johannes Caius, vir fidei ut in rebus Religiosis, ita in Historicis nullius plane.

He proceeds,

Imò qui inter ipses istius Scholae antiquitatem acerrimè tuentur, non asserunt tan­tùm, sed & probant indubitatis argumentis Cantabrigiam, Generalem Artium & scientiarum Academiam factam & stabilitam non fuisse, ante vicesimum annum Edwardi tertii (hoc est nudiustertius ferè, si Aluredi seculum spectemus) quo Rege intercedente, apud Johannem Pontificem Romanum, Universitatis ibi stabiliendae privilegium iis est concessum ut Petrus de Ickham Monachus Ecclesiae Cantuar. scribit.

Caius M [...]ddendorpii testimonio rem probat: Caii testimonio eandem probat Midden­dorpius: sic manus manum, & falsarius falsarium fricat. Quin potiùs suam opor­tet agnoscere ignorantiam, qui de exterorum rebus scribit, quorum res gestas nunquam legerit. Imò Middendorpi (tibi clam in aurem dico) agnosce impudentiam tuam, qui ita confidenter scribis de Academiis, ac si in omnibus aetatem totam vixisses, ita tamen frigidè, futiliter, indoctè, ac si in nulla unquam vel diem unum posuisses. Wake ibid.

The third who writes of all the Academies of Europe saith,

Ac libens optarim ne digladientur nimis & naenias mittant, qui hanc aut illam Acad [...]mia [...] contendunt esse antiquioram. Sint Arcades ambae, utraeque florentes, lu­cem sole clariorem sibi invicem alternantes.

There is a Ma­nuscript of Robert Burhils in Oxford Library, De Britanniae rebus Scholasticis in verse, consisting of ten Books. The sixth book is termed Elfreda, de urbe Oxonia quam Elfreda insedem Academiae deligendam suader. The seventh book is styled Parallelismus de Antiqui­tate utriusque Academiae Oxon. & Cantab. wherein he asserte the antiquity of Oxford, but saith, Non est quod Can­tabrigiensis Academia hanc suam originem etsi seriorem erubesceret. Primo, cum nec operae pretium sit contendere. Secundo, nec leves interim calamitates dum nondum exorta esset Cantabrigia, Academiam Oxoniensem nostram exceperint. Tertio, & antiquiora ferè incultiora, Academiis vix tandem Monastica fece expurgatis.And after he hath this passage of Cambridge: Haec est illa Academia antiqua, & celebris, quae non modò Oxoniensi florentissimo Anglorum Gymnasio, sed & aliis Eu­ropaei [Page 95] orbis Academiis antiquioribus facilè posset adaequari.

He speaks also very honourably of Oxford, and I have cited something out of him to that purpose.

Sir Thomas More saith in an Epistle to the University of Oxford, Cantabrigiae, cui vos praelucere semper consuevistis. Epistola Tho­mae Mori ad Acad. Oxon.

I know one, who is a very competent judge, because a most Learned Bishop, and well versed in antiquities, and also of an University in another Kingdom, who holds Oxford to be the ancienter.

Oxford also hath been famous for Learned Scholars.

Mathematicians and Schoolmen, for the later there is no question, Trithemius, Baleus, Le­landus Oxo­nienses ultra trecentos Cantabrigi­enses non plures uno supra centum & viginti scriptores in suis Catalogis commemorant. Brianus Twinus Antiq. Acad. Oxon. and I shall mention divers of them when I speak of Merton Colledge.

For the first Roger Bacon, Bradwardine, Simon Bredon and Oddington were famous.

The first Professor Vide Gervas. Dorobernens. in Civil Law in England, viz. Vacarius, was of Oxford.

Oxford lies in a Champion plain: It is a fair and goodly City, whether a man respect the seemly beauty of private houses, or the stately magnificence of publick buildings, together with the wholesom sight or pleasant prospect thereof.

It is formed in the figure of a Cross, two long streets thwarting one another, each of them near a mile in length, containing in that compass thirteen Parish Churches, and a See Episcopall founded here by King Henry the 8 th, Anno 1541.

For the Stateliness of the Schools and publick Library and There are many Pictures throughout the great Gallery adjoyning to the Library, of Learned men in severall Faculties. The Statutes of the University of Oxford at large are much commended. The select Statutes out of the body of them are printed and to be sold. Gallery, the bra­very and beauty of particular Colledges, all built of fair and polished stone, the liberall endowment of those houses, and great incouragements of Industry and Learning in the salary of the Professors in most Arts and Sciences, it is (say some) not to be paralleled in the Christian world.

D r James hath set out two Catalogues of the publick Library in Oxford:

One published in the year 1605. which mentions the Books Alphabetically di­stinguished, according to the four Faculties. Clarissimus vir Thomas Bodleius qui vetustate, & temporum an hominum in­juria Collap­sam Univer­sitatis Biblio­thecam im­mensis sum­ptibus, conquisitis undine praeter omnes omnium generum codices excusos, manuscriptis, quantum in hoc spici­legio licuit, compluribus vetustis optimae notae, instauravit. Savil. Not. in Chrysost. in Gen. Tom. 8.

The other 1620. in which there is only a care had of the Alphabeticall order, by this more exact Catalogue one may readily finde any Authour, and all the Works of that Authour uno intuitu.

If the Library be inferiour to the Popes Vaticane in sumptuous building, yet in Printed Books, if not in Manuscripts (there being many choice ones given by Sir Thomas Bodlie, and of late by my Lord of Pembroke, and Archbishop Laude, in almost all Languages) it may well contend with it for a Superiority.

Reckon the number of Volumes in the publick Library, He mentions sixteen thousand in his Preface to his last Cata­logue. whereof the greatest part are in Folio, which amount to 11 or 12 thousands of divers Authours, the plurality of Languages, the diversity of Sciences, wherein these Books are writ­ten, the condition of the Books whether written or printed, by Protestants or Pa­pists, or any other, the use for six hours every day throughout the whole year, (Sundaies and Holydaies excepted) and we shall finde that the like Library is no where to be found. D r James of the Corrupt. of Script. Counc. and Fath. part 5.

In Oxford there are 18 Colledges endowed with Lands, besides 7 Halls, where Students live at their own charges in both of them.

Professors of the Arts and Sciences, as also of Divinity, Law, Physick, and the learned Languages, with Liberall Salaries.

Vniversity Colledge, Founded 872.

Alfred or Allured King of the West Saxons, being addicted to Religion and good literature, for the increase and study of Divinity, Philosophy and other Arts, in the 2 d year of his reign founded this Colledge, by the name of Vniversity Colledge.

George Abbat Archbishop of Canterbury was of this Colledge.

Baliol Colledge, Founded 1262.

John Baliol, born at Bernads Castle in the Bishoprick of Durham, (a worthy Warriour to King Henry the 3 d in his civil Warres against his Barons) with his wife Dervorgilla, Collegium Baliolense gloriatur po­tiùs quòd Humfredum ducem Gloce­striae, Henrici quarti filium virtutum me­rito Bonum cognomina­tum Acade­miae nostrae lucidum atque patriae Sydus, nomen que nunquam oblinescendum educarit quàm quòd Cranmerum Archiepiscopum, Ridlaeum, Latimerum Episcopos, suis prae foribus (ut Elium) igneis vehiculis coelum petentes conspexerit. Wake Rex Platon. a Lady of Honourable Parentage, Parents of John Baliol King of the Scots, Founded this Colledge, giving thereunto both Lands and Revenews, for the maintenance of a Master, 10 Fellows, and 11 Scholars, which is Recorded to be the first and most anciently endowed Colledge in this University, as some late Historians constantly affirm.

Jam Fundatoris imprimis Balioli Regis Scotiae nomen jactat, quasi tum olim Scotia suos Reges Academiae nostrae propitios in Baliolo suo sposponderit, quod in Jacobo nostro jam faeliciter appropinquante praestitit. Wake Rex Plat.

John Wiclefe was of this House.

Wiclefus ille Restaurator Religionis cui non notus Baliolensis. Alber. Gent. Laud. Acad. Perusin. & Oxon.

Merton Colledge Founded 1274.

Walter de Merton sometimes L. Chancellour of England, Counsellour to King Henry the 3 d, Camden in Oxfordshire saith that Bali­oll Colledge and this were the first endowed Colledges for Students in Christendom. Ex hoc Colle­gio principes in omni literarum genere viri, tanquam ex equo Trojano, ad veritatis defensionem, atque ad Baby­lonici Imperii incendium & ruinas per diversa secula prodierunt. Hinc Johannes Wicleuus, hinc Gulielmus Occham, hinc Thomas Bradwarden. Praefat. Episc, Carlet. ad consensum Eccles. Cathol. contra Trident. Vide plura ibid. and Edward the first Bishop of Rochester, Founded this Colledge by the name of Merton Colledge, endowing it in effect with all the Lands and Reve­news which at this present are belonging thereunto, ordaining in the same a War­den, and no definitive number of Fellows.

It may be styled Collegium Scholasticorum, Bacon, Burlie, Occham, Scotus, Brad­wardine, Gatisdene, Dumbleton, Nicholas Gorrham, Suitzaens, great lights of Europe were of this Colledge.

What one Colledge ever yielded at one time and from one Country, three such Divines as Jewell, Raynolds, and Hooker; or two such great Wits and Heroicall spirits, as S r Thomas Bodley, and S r Henry Savill, D r Hackw. Epist. Dedicat. to Oxford before his Apology.

Of this Colledge also were Bishop Carleton, S r Isaac Wake the University Orator.

Excester Colledge, Founded 1316.

Walter Stapleton, being descended of Noble Parentage (for his Wisdom, Gra­vity and Learning, was often employed in Embassages from King Edward the 2 d, who made him Bishop of Excester, Lord Treasurer of England, and one of his Privy Councell) Founded this Colledge, it was much augmented by Sir William Peter.

D r Hakewell Fellow of this House, erected and finished the new Chappell.

D r Prideaux was Head of this House.

Hollandus al­ter Apollo, po­tens in Scripturis, cum patribus adeo familiaris ac si ipse Pater, cum Scholasticis ac si seraphicus Doctor. Conc. Funeb.D r Holland was of this House.

Orial Colledge, Founded 1337. There are many guesses at the original of its name.

King Edward the 2 d erected it, it was so called because it was indeed a work which might beseem a King.

Queens Colledge, Founded 1340.

Robert Eglesfield Batchelor of Divinity, Chaplain to Queen Philippa, wife to King Edward the 3 d, Collegium Reginae nobi­litatur duorum Principum, omnium, quos Anglia vidit, fortissimorum educatione; videlicet Ed­wardi Principis cognomento Nigri & Henrici Quinti felicissimi Regis. Wake Rex Platon. Quod Collegium si visant extranei & conspiciantur à studiosis inhabitantibus, in cornu bubulo praegrandi de Cerenisia sua ipsis propinant. Laudem meretur officiosa haec humanitas. Jodoc. Sinc. Itinerar. Galliae. founded this Colledge in his own ground by the name of Queens Colledge (commending the Patronage thereof to his Lady the Queen, and to the Queens of England successively) which he endowed with Lands and Re­venews.

They are called to Dinner and Supper by the sound of a Trumpet.

Doctor Ayrie (who wrote so well upon the Philippians) was Provost of this Colledge.

Learned D. Langbane is now the Provost of it, and worthy M. Barlow the Publick-Library-Keeper, a Fellow of it.

New Colledge, Founded 1375.

William Wickam principal Secretary to King Edward the 3 d, Keeper of the Pri­vy-Seal, Bishop of Winchester, Lord High-Treasurer, Collegium Beatae Mariae, quod vulgò novum (etsi revera per an­tiquum) dici­tur. Wake. Rex Platon. Hoc ipso item anno ( viz. 1366.) Guli­elmus Unyck­am Vintoni­ensis Episco­pus Oxonii in rei litterariae gratiam Collegium excitavit, illudque D. Mariae Virgini dicavit, quod hodie novum Collegium nuncupatur. Georg. Lilii Anglorum Reg. Chronicon. and Chancellour of Eng­land, founded this Colledge. He also founded a Colledge at Winchester, wherein he established one Warden, ten Fellows, two Schoolmasters and seventy Scholars, with Officers and servants, which all are maintained at his charge; out of which School he ordained should be chosen the best Scholars alwayes to supply the vacant places of the Fellows of this Colledge.

Thomas Chaundlerus librum de Wiccami vita & rebus gestis sane perelegantem conscripsit Waynfleti [...].

Wickamus celebratur ab erudito Jurisconsulto Martino.

Of this Colledge was Philpot the famous Martyr, and S r Thomas Rives, Bishop Lake, D r Twisse and D r James.

Lincoln Colledge, Founded 1420.

Richard Fleming Bishop of Lincoln in the eighth year of the reign of King Henry the 5 th founded this Colledge by the name of Lincoln Colledge, which was afterward in Richard the thirds time, in the year of our Lord 1479. by Thomas Rotheram Bishop of the same Sea, and Secretary to four Kings, much augmented and increased.

D r Kilbie a learned Hebrician was Head of this Colledge, and that learned School-Divine D r Sanderson was Fellow of this House.

All-Souls Colledge, 1437.

Henry Chichley Archbishop of Canterbury, Linacer was Fellow of this Colledge, and Sir Thomas More his Scholar. Si politam operis elegantiam requiramus, est propter structuram Collegium omnium Animarum ex lapide quadrato & perpolito in prima orbis facie multùm spectabile. Eurpoaei orbis Academiae. layed in Oxford the foundation of two goodly Colledges, this and that of S t Johns Colledge, the last being reedified by S t Thomas White Lord Maior of London.

There is Vita Henrici Chichele Descripta ab Arthuro Duck.

Magdalen Colledge, Founded 1459.

William Wainflet Bishop of Winchester founded first Magdalen-Hall, after that this Colledge dedicating the same to the honour of S. Mary Magdalen. Itaque longè magnificentius hospitium excipiendis Musis condi­turus (regia quippe benig­nitate adjutus) Aulam Magdalenae quamvis patentem Collegii dereliquit, domumque consanguine [...]m ne omnino periisse videretur, in suum quasi corpus iterum transtulit. In ipso Oxonii suburbano, Eurum versus Collegium vergit: à quâ regione am­ne perspicuo praeter fluentè alluitur, qui Cherwellus dicitur, latus septentrionale arboreto clauditur. Utrinque multae am­bulalacrorum amaenitates, & in utro (que) elemento quasi delicias excogitante natura. Surgit è quadrato latere, visendum ipsâ vel materia, vel subtili junctura aedificium, duplici pinnarum ordine adversus paries decoratur. Frontem Collegii occupat excelsa turris, quae erudito statuarij opere incisa, intuentium oculos mirê ad se trahit, aream interiorem cingunt claustra (sic hodiè appellamus) cocto latere per strata, quae topiarii vel porticus usum non incommodè praestant. Vivis animalium figuris tibicines, occultum nescio quid & hieroglyphicum significantibus exornantur: Antiquissimorum codicum supellectile instruitur bibliotheca. Templum Augustum & divini numinis religione verè suspiciendum: aula elegans & spatiosa Waynfleti [...] per Johan Bud. Cum primis virtutis doctrinae (que) ergò nominandus Thomas Chalonerus Eques Auratus, Principi in disciplinarum omniumque virtutum regiarum instiiutione honorarius praefectus quo viro merito gloriatur Collegium Magdalenense, ut etiam in numeris aliis, quos intra lustra annorum non multa in Rempublicam Ecclesiamque transmisit alumnis, Archiepiscopis scilicet duobus, iisdemque Cardinalibus, Episcopis viginti duobus, Foxo Martyrologo, Laurentio Humfredo, aliis (que). Wake Rex Platon. He builded also a great part of Eaton Colledge, before begun by King Henry the sixt.

Prince Henry was of this Colledge. Claimund and Doctor Bond were Presi­dents of it.

Brazen-Nose Colledge, Founded 1515.

Aenei nasi Collegium spectatu dig­num, cujus prae foribus nominis anti­quitatisque index, Nasus monstrose prominet abeneus. Wake Rex Platon. Per id quoque tempus Gulielmus Smith Episcopus Lincolniensis Margaritae exemplo ductus, Oxonii Scholasticorum Collegium collocavit in aula quam vulgo vocant Brasyn. Nose, hoc est, aeneum nasum, quod eò loci imago aenea facie admodum immani prae foribus extet. Item Richardus Vintoniensis Episcopus tale ejusmodi opus Oxonii fecit, appellavitque Corporis Christi Collegium. Polyd. Verg. Angl. Nist. l. [...]6. William Smith Bishop of Lincoln, during the reign of King Henry the 7 th laid the foundation of this Colledge. After whose death Richard Sutton Esquire, took upon him to perfect the same, which he accomplished.

Alexander Nowel was of this house, M r Bolton, and I think M r John Ball.

Corpus Christi Colledge, Founded 1516.

Praefuit hic primus do­ctissimus ille Claymondus, qui exquisitis­sima in Plini­um Commentaria conscripsit. Successit deinde Robertus Morwentus Theologus Praeses tantae gravitatis, ut quum 40. ampliùs annos Praesidentis loco surrogatus, & ipse optimè praefuisset, Oxoniensibus in Concione publica Pater patriae literatae Oxoniensis appellatus est, quum in extremis naturae laboraret. Praelegit illic in Rhetoricis in cele­berrima audientium corona praesentibus illustrissimis Principibus, Henrico octavo Rege, & Catharina conjuge, Ludovicus Vives, omnis politioris literaturae scientissimus. Item Sheprevus 28 annorum trilinguis doctissimus fato functus praematuro nimis. Inde prodiere Reginaldus Polus Cardinalis, Brocus, Juellus, Chedseus, omnes literarum gloria florentes. Europaei Orbis Academiae. Collegium Corporis Christi, quod omnium Oxoniae nitidissimum meritò audit; tum ob totius structurae, Templi imprimis, & Peristylii, Bibliothecae, atque Aulae concinnitatem, tùm propter Horoscopii Columnaris pulchritudinem, quod in areae quadratae medio, omni & ingenii & operis varietate elaboratum eminet. Wake Rex Platon. Richard Fox Bishop of Winchester, and Godfather to King Henry the 8 th found­ed this Colledge.

It nourished Jewel, Rainolds, W [...]tton, Hooker, Cardinal Pool, who was chosen Pope, D r Featley, and other learned men.

Christ-Church Colledge, Founded 1546.

Est Regia Musarum se­des, sive operis molem mirandam, sive structurae magnificentiam, five studiosorum numerum, five proventus annuos pleniùs inspiciamus, si alicubi in orbe Christiano, Christo Servatori dicata: à Thoma Volsaeo Cardinale, anno post Christum 1539. Quem fundo largo, praediis amplis, & reditibus multis illustrissimus Rex Henricus Octavus, anno Christi 1546. auctiorem reddidit, & longe consummatiorem Europaei Orbis Academiae. Thomas Wolsey Cardinal, Archbishop of York, and Lord high Chancellour of [Page 99] England laid the foundation of a most ample and spacious Colledge, but he falling, his design failed with the Founder.

Henry the eight enriched the same with many goodly revenues, annexing there­unto Canterbury Colledge.

It hath a spatious Court or quadrangle, nay divers, and a Hall both spatious and splendid, wherein is a most beautifull glasse Lanthorn, there is also a very fair Kitchin, which only, was finished by the Cardinal, and gave occasion to that scoff of an outlandish man, Egregium opus (saith he) Cardinalis Collegium incepit, po­pinam absolvit. Sanna vix è coquina deprompta adeo sale caret, saith Sir Isaac Wake in his Rex Platonicus.

Peter Martyr was once Prebend of this Colledge, as his own Epistles shew, He writes thus, Amico cuidam in Anglia, Ego cum essem Oxonii vestibus illis albis in Choro nunquam uti volui, quamvis essem Canonicus, mei facti ratio mihi con­stabat.

Toby Matthew Archbishop of York was of this House, and M r Burton who wrote of Melancholy, upon whose Tomb there is this witty Epitaph,

Paucis nocus, paucioribus ignotus
Hic jacet Democritus Iunior
Cui vitam pariter & mortem
Dedit Melancholia.

Trinity Colledge, Founded 1556.

Sir Thomas Pope Knight founded this Colledge in the fourth year of the Reign of King Philip and Qu. Mary, dedicating the same to the Trinity.

S t Johns Colledge, Founded 1557.

Henry Chichley Doctor of the Civil-Law Archbishop of Canterbury, among other building, laid the foundation of this Fabrick; it was enlarged by William Laud Archbishop of Canterbury.

Jesus Colledge, Founded 1572.

Hugh Prise Doctor of the Civil-Law founded this Colledge, it was perfected by Queen Elizabeth; it hath had many other Benefactors.

Wadham Colledge, Founded 1613.

Nicholas Wadham Esquire in the seventh year of the raign of King James found­ed it.

Pembrok Colledge, Founded 1620.

It was first Broadgate-Hall, but was called Pembroke Colledge from William Earl of Pembroke, then Chancellor of the University of Oxford, and Visitor of that Hall.

There are also in this University seven Hals, in which there are many Students living at their own charge, viz.

Glocester-Hall.

Which being first built for Monks, was after converted to a House for Scholars, by Sir Thomas White Knight.

Edmund Hall.

It was builded by S. Edmund Archbishop of Canterbury.

Albon Hall.

It was builded by the Abbot of S t Albons, for their Monks to study in.

Hart Hall.

It was built by Walter Stapleton Bishop of Excester.

[Page 100]M r Selden was of this House.

New Inne.

Heretofore it was called Turlocks Inne.

S t Mary Hall.

It was founded by King Edward the second.

Sir Thomas More Chancellour of England was of this Hall. Cardinal Allen was principal of it about the same time.

Magdalen Hall.

It was founded by William Wainfleet Bishop of Winchester, and D r Budden who writes his life and death, cals it Aulam Magdalene parentem Collegii, and a little book which mentions the several Colledges in Oxford and Cambridge, makes the Hall a eleven years elder then the Colledge.

Cambridge.

THis is the other University and eye of England, a most famous Storehouse of good Literature and Godlinesse; it standeth upon the River Cam, which di­videth it into two parts, and hath a Bridge over it, whence arose the name Cam­bridge.

There is not wanting any thing here, which a man may require in a most flou­rishing University, were it not that the air is somewhat unhealthfull, arising as it doth out of a Fenny-ground hard by.

Imò qui inter ipsos istius Scholae anti­quitatem acer­rimè tuentur, non asserunt tantùm, sed & probant indu­bitatis argu­mentis Canta­brigiam, Gene­ralem Artium & Scientiarum Academiam factam & stabilitam non fuisse, ante Vicesimum annum Edwardi tertii, hoc est nudius-tertius ferè, si Aluredi seculum spectemus. Wake Rex. Platon. Vide plura ibid.That Cantaber a Spaniard 3751. years before Christs Nativity, first began and founded this University, is affirmed by Cains, but Leland the great Antiquary, and Camden also confute that conceit; and M r Camden saith, It was a seat of lear­ning about the time of King of Henry the first, and that under the reign of Edward the first (some think it should be the second) Grantbridge of a School was made an Vniversity (such as Oxford is) by the Court of Rome. Hugh Balsham Bishop of Ely in the year 1284. built the first Colledge, called Peter House, and endowed it with lands: whose example the other Founders did imitate and follow, saith the same Camden.

That which some relate also, That a publick Academy was erected at Cambridge by King Sigebert, Anno Christi 630. Id vero dubia annalium fide nititur; Canta­brigiensium quoque aemuli Oxonienses pernegant fortiter. Et ut quaedam fuerit insti­tuta, procul dubio rudis fuit, nec in longum tempus. Caeterum nono seculo majori verisimilitudine laus illa competit. Coring. De Antiq. Academ. Dissertat. 3. Vide plura ibid. p. 73. See Petrus Blesensis at the end of Ingulphus.

Hic venerabilis ille Beda, illi­usque discipu­lus, Carolique magni praece­ptor Alcuinus sive Albinus, Joannes Rof­fensis Episco­pus, Thomas Morus, Thomas Linacer; Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus, & infiniti similes celeberrimi viri floruerunt. Swertii Athen. Belg. Certè recepta ab omnibus opinio est, & fama celebris Cantabrigiae & fuisse Bedam & studuisse. Caius De Antiq. Cant. Acad. l. 1.That which some urge for the honour of Cambridge of Bedes reading there, is a fable well confuted by Sir Isaac Wake in his Rex Platonicus, in his Acts of the fourth day, Bedam vero ipsum unquam Cantabrigiae fuisse quis nisi cerebri lasi putat? Quum ipse dissertissimis scriptis suis assorat, se nunquam extra monasterium suum operam literis dedisse, ac ne inde unquam ferè egressum à pueritia; Cantabrigiam ve­rò, sua aetate adeò Academiam celebrem non fuisse, ut fuisse, ut planè desolatam civitatulam asserat.

Caius the Physician styled himself Londinensem when he wrote De Antiq. Cantab. Acad. though he was of Cambridge, and only a Londoner by birth, ne si Canta­brigiensis [Page 101] videretur, affectum quoque suum in scribendo prodidisse videretur [...],

That passage of Caius's De Antiqu. Cantab. Acad. lib. 1. therefore might well have been spared. Caeterum ad has discordias rumpendas atque finiendas sanctamque pacem componendam, at (que) statuendam, cum ne (que) Oxoniensis Cantabrigiensem, nec Canta­brigiensis ferat Oxoniensem in controversia judicem, quòd pro sua cujus (que) affectione rem tractatam iri uterque indicet, ex libidine magis quàm ex vero celebratam aut obscu­ratam existimet, res suasit & commiseratio jussit, ut ego homo Londinensis, medio loco inter utrumque positus, & eodem animo in utrumque affectus, cui longa triginta annorum absentia à gymnasiis (nisi subinde invisendi gratia charitatis studio) omnem affectum juvenilem in Gymnasia sustulit, hanc controversiam ut inutilem, imo verò rem damnosam alioqui tanquam communis amicus definirem ac compo­nerem. Vide librum ejus de libris propriis.

My worthy friend Sir Simonds D' Ewers (in his Speech touching the Antiquity of Cambridge) saith, If I should lose time to reckon up the vain allegations pro­duced for the Antiquity of Oxford by Twyne, and of Cambridge by Caius, I should but repeat deliria senum.

At the present Cambridge consists of sixteen Colledges and Hals (for there is little difference there between them) erected and maintained with the Lands and Reve­nues of their several Founders. The Halls there are endowed with Lands and Fellowships as the Colleges are. No private Chappel in England beyond that of Kings Colledge in Cambridge. Collegium studiosorum propè dixerim Europae amplissimum Vos. Epist. Dedicat. ad artem Grammatic. Ex Collegiis hâc splendidissima sunt Trinitatis, Regio Palatio par aedificium & S. Joannis Sacellum hic est singularis & vix memorandi artificii. Jodoc. Sinc. Itin. Gall.

Kings Colledge Chappel being founded by Henry the sixth, is all of free-stone, a very curious structure, and from its form, called the University Cradle.

Trinity Colledge founded by King Henry the eighth, one of the compleatest Colledges in Europe.

A Colledge for stately greatnesse, for uniform building and beauty of rooms, scarce inferiour to any other in Christendom, saith Camden.

Next to it is S t Johns Colledge.

S t Peters Colledge or House, Founded 1280.

Hugh Basham Bishop of Ely began the foundation of this Colledge about Anno 1257.

He setled not the endowment till anno 1284.

Clarè-Hall, Founded 1280.

Richard Badew Chancellour of the University first founded this Hall by the name of the University-House or Hall. Afterwards the first foundation was resigned into the hands of Elizabeth Countesse of Clare widow, which Lady by the licence of King Edward the 3 d, established and finished the same, and changing the name thereof, willed that for ever after it should in memory of her family, from whence she was descended, be called Clarè-Hall.

D r Butler the famous Physician was sometimes Fellow and President of this House.

Pembroke Hall, Founded 1343.

Mary de S. Paul Countesse of Pembroke, daughter to Guido Chastillion Earl of S t Paul in France, procured Licence from King Edward the 3 d, to found this House by the name of the Colledge of Mary Valence, after called Pembroke Hall.

Richard Fox Bishop of Winchester, Edmond Grindall and John Whitgift Arch­bishops of Canterbury, William Fulk Doctor of Divinity, were all Masters of this House, and have by gifts of Lands, Money, Plate, Books, augmented the same, and Lancelot Andrews Doctor of Divinity, late Master and Bishop of Winchester hath given a thousand pounds, with three hundred seventy four folio Books well bound.

M r Bradford Martyr was Fellow of Pembroke Hall, and first lived in Katherine [Page 102] Hall, and the Masters of those Colledges strove which should have him, as himself relates in one of his Letters, not to boast of himself, but to shew Gods goodness towards him.

Acts and Mon. Edit. ult. part. 3 p. 508.Bishop Ridley was also of Pembroke Hall, and there in the Orchard learned without Book almost all Pauls Epistles, yea and all the Canonical Epistles, save only the Apocalypse. So he saith of himself.

Corpus Christi Colledge, Founded 1351.

Henry of Monmouth sirnamed Torto Collo ordained this Colledge. It hath been since much inlarged.

Matthew Parker Archbishop of Canterbury, and Sir Nicholas Bacon Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England, were of this House, and great Benefa­ctors to it.

Trinity Hall, Founded 1353.

William Bateman Bishop of Norwich founded this Hall.

Steven Gardiner Bishop of Winchester and Chancellour of this University, was of this House.

Gonvill and Caius Colledge, Founded 1353.

Edmond Gonvill Parson of Terrington in Norfolk, obtained License of King Edward the 3 d to erect this Colledge.

Afterwa [...]d John Caius Doctor of Physick Anno 1557. was made a Co­founder by Letters Patents, who caused it to be called Gonvill and Caius Colledge.

King James being in Caius Colledge presented with Caius his Antiquitates Cantabrigiensis Acad [...]miae, he said, What should I do with the Antiquities of Cam­bridge? Give me Caius That Book of his is commend­ed. de Canibus.

Kings Colledge, Founded 1441.

King Henry the sixth in the nineteenth year of his Reign, began this royal Foun­dation.

See Stows Chrònicle in the life of Henry the sixth.In which Colledge at this present is standing one of the fairest Chappels in the world, which only he finished, but intended to have made the Colledge conform­able thereunto.

D Goade was of this House.

Queens Colledge, Founded 1448.

Queen Margaret wife to Henry the sixth laid the Foundation of this Colledge, but leaving the same imperfect, Queen Elizabeth wife to King Edward the fourth, obtained Licence to finish the same, which she accomplished.

Bishop Davenant was Master of this Colledge.

Sir Thomas Smith principal Secretary to Queen Elizabeth, was Fellow of this Colledge.

Katherine Hall, Founded 1475.

Robert Woodlork Chancellour of Cambridge, founded this Hall, it hath been since inlarged by many other Benefactors.

D. Sibbes and Gouge were of this House.

Jesus Colledge, Founded 1496.

John Alcock Bishop of Ely and Lord Chancellour of England, procured Licence of King Henry the 7 th to found this Colledge.

Christs Colledge, Founded 1505.

It was first begun by King Henry the sixth, and after his decease brought to perfection by the Lady Margaret Countesse of Richmond, and mother of King Henry the 7 th.

[Page 97]This is called by D. Willet Collegium Theologorum, the Colledge of Divines, M. Perkins, M. Bains, and D. Ames were all Fellows of this Colledge.

S t Johns Colledge, Founded 1508.

The Lady Margaret Countesse of Richmond founded this Colledge, which hath been much inlarged since by other Benefactors.

D. Whitaker was Master of this Colledge.

There is a fair Library in it founded by Bishop Williams.

Magdalen Colledge, Founded 1519.

Edward Stafford Duke of Buckingham founded this Colledge; it is since much inlarged by divers Benefactors.

Trinity Hall, Founded 1546.

It was founded and erected by King Henry the eight, it is since much inlarged by divers Benefactors.

Emanuel Colledge, Founded 1584.

Sir Walter Mildmay Privy Councellor to Queen Elizabeth obtained Licence of the said Queen to found and erect this Colledge. It hath since been much augmen­ted by the liberality of divers Benefactors.

Doctor Preston was first Fellow of Queens Colledge, and the Master of Emanuel.

Sidney Sussex Colledge, Founded 1598.

Frances Sidney Countesse of Sussex (Aunt to the renowned Sir Philip Sidney) widow of Thomas Ratcliffe Earl of Sussex, founded this Colledge by the name of the Colledge of the L. Frances Sidney Sussex. It is much inlarged since by divers Benefactors.

Doctor Ward was Master there, and M. Gataker Fellow.

CHAP. XIV. Of the Vniversities of Scotland and Ireland.

THe learned men of Scotland have been these. A Carolo Magno, qui Galliam non minus literis quam armis illustrare cu­piebat, accersi­ti è Scotia, qui Philosophiam Luretiae Graecè & Latinè do­cerent. Apud Scotos enim adhuc multi erant Monachi vetere discipli­na nondum extincta, literis & pietate insignes. Quo è numero erat Joannes Cognomento Scotus, sive Albinus, quod idem valet, (Scoti enim Albinos sua lingua vocant) Caroli praeceptor, qui plurima ingenii sui monumenta reliquit è quibus nos Rhetorica praecepta vidimus, cum inscriptione Joannis Albini. Clementis quoque Scoti, qui eodem tempore Lutetiae literarum insignis professor erat, quaedam scripta adhuc supersunt. Commigrarunt etiam in Gallias complures Monachi Scoti, studio pietatis ducti, qui populis circa Rhenum Christianam doctrinam prae­dicabant, tanto successu ut plurimis in locis condiderint. Eorum memoriae id Germani dederunt, ut us (que) ad nostram aetatem semper Scotos eis praeficerent. Buchonani Rerum Scotic. Hist. l. 5.

  • 1. Marianus sirnamed Scotus.
  • 2. Hector Boetius both Historians.
  • 3. John Major a well known Schoolman.

Since the Reformation.

George Buchanan an excellent Poet.

King James his Scholar, and a good Poet also.

Napier the Laird of Marchiston.

Barclay the Father and the Sonne.

John Skeine the Antiquary of this Nation.

Doctor John Maxwell the learned Bishop of Rosse.

Rolloc, Baronius, Cameron, Melvin.

[...]
[...]

[Page 104]The Universities.

I. Aberdein.

Academia Aberdoniensis.King Alexander with his Sister Isabella adorned this with many priviledges about the year 1240.

Doctor John Forbes was Professor of Divinity here.

Glasco.

It is honoured with an Archbishops See, and an University founded here by Archbishop Turbal, An. 1454.

S t Andrews.

It is the chief Town of Fife, an Archiepiscopal See, and an University, erected in the year after our Saviours Incarnation, 1411.

The Vniversity of Ireland.

THe Christian Faith was first preached among the Irish by S t Patrick.

The Irish Scholars of Patrick profited so notably in Christianity, that in the Age next following, Ireland was termed Sanctorum Patria, that is, the native Countrey of Saints; and the Scottish Monks in Ireland and Britain highly excelled for their holinesse and learning.

Out of Ireland came Caelius Sedulius a Priest.

Richard Fitz-Ralf, commonly called Armachanus, is of famous memory, who turned the edge of his style about the year 1355. against the mendicant Friers, as detesting in Christians such voluntary begging.

Dublin, or Divelin.

Dublinium & Dublinia. The Irish call it Balacleigh, the Town upon Hurdles, when it was built, the foundation was laid upon Hur­dles, the place was so feuish and moorish. This is the chief City of Ireland, it is situated in a delightfull and wholsome place.There is a beautifull Colledge consecrated unto the name of the holy and indivi­sible Trinity, which for the exercising and polishing of wits with good Literature, Queen Elizabeth endowed with the Priviledges of an University; and it is furnish­ed with a good Library.

Bishop Vsher was born there, and was the first Scholar of that Colledge.

Thus much of Dublin (saith Camden in his Britaine) for the most part of which I acknowledge my self beholden unto the diligence and learning of James Vsher Chancellor of S t Patricks Church, whose variety of knowledge and judge­ment are far above his years.

The End of the second Book.

THE THIRD BOOK. Of such as were Famous for: ZEAL IN THE True RELIGION, or any Kinde of Learning.

CHAP. I.

A

ISaac Abarbinel a Jew of great note, both amongst the Quid Abra­baniel de quo tantopere glo­riantur. Con­stans. L'Empe­reur. Praefat. ad Benjamin. Itin. Some write his name Abraba­neel, or Abra­baniel, others Abravanel: Calvin, Bac­banel without the A. Circa annum â servatoris nostri nativitate, millesimum & quingentesimum floruit. Jews and Christians. He is the best Expositor of the Jews upon the Text.

His Hebrew Comment upon the Pentateuch and Pro­phets are much esteemed by those who are so well skilled in the Hebrew, that they are able to make use of them. He hath Commented (say some Intellexi nuper inte­grum Abarbinelem in Turcia duobus magnis voluminibus excasum, nactum esse amicum meum, Gualterum Keuche­nium. Quod si verum est, est quod sibi gratuletur. Nam liber est summè commendatus. B [...]xtorfii Biblioth. Rabbin.) upon all the Scripture.

Some Jews of malice study to pervert all Christian Do­ctrine, as this man Abrabbaneel or Barbanel a Rabbin of great pains and wit, but not of grace, and only to be followed, when he clearly is on our side. H. Broughtons Observat. upon the first ten Fathers.

[Page 106] Robert Abbot, a pious and Learned Bishop.

Tum aliis scriptis suis, tum libro de Antichristo, & altero, de Gratia Dei, & perseverantia Sanctorum, nominis sui memoriam posteritati sempiternam confecravit. Sculter. de Curric. Vitae.His excellent Writings are much esteemed. Some much commend his Book de Antichristo, others his Answer to Bishop, others his Treatise de gratia & perseve­rantia Sanctorum.

He wrote a most accurate Commentary (in Latine) upon the Epistle to the Romanes, with large Sermons upon every verse, in which he handled, as his Text gave him occasion, all the controverted points of Religion at this day. They who withhold this work from the publick view, as they wrong the Church in generall, so in speciall the City and Cathedrall Church of Worcester, Abel Redivivus. to which he bequeathed it as a kinde of legacy, as the Authours own words in his Dedicatory Epistle to B. Babington printed with his Sermons upon the 110 Psalm import.

Petrus Abelardus, vel ABAELARDVS, a person of great note in his time, contemporary with Bernard.

See Pasquiers Recherch. de la France, l. 6. c. 17.

Two of the verses of his Epitaph are these,

Ille sciens quicquid fuit ulliscibile, vicit
Artifices, artes, absque docente, docens.

Scripsit opera quam plurima in unum volumen edita opera & Studio Francisci Am­boesi equitis.

Cosmogra­phus, Ptolomae [...] ut putatur major & doctior à Postello ex oriente venetias allatus, qui ante annos 300, vixisse & princeps Assyriae, Syriae & Persidis fuisse traditur. Neand. Geog. parte 2 da. Abelfoedus a great Cosmographer.

Alphonsus Tostatus, Abulensis Episc. 1430.

Si alio quam suo seculo vivere conti­giste [...], neque Hipponi Augustinum, neque Scrido­ni Hierony­mum, neque quenquam ex illis pro­ceribus Ec­clesiae antiquis nunc invideremus. Episcopus Abulensis ac praeterea Hispaniarum regis Consiliarius, item major referendrius (quae triplex dignitas nec antè, nec postea, unum in hominem collara fuit) praetor vastos illos in Scripturas Commentarios, varia etiam opuscula edidit, interque ea descriptionem terrae Sanctae. Voss. de Historicis Latinis, l. 3. c. 7. Caesareum jus, in Graeca Hebraicaque lingua, in Mathematicis item atque Geo­graphia, sed & in historiis excelluerit: tot ac tanta duo deviginti annorum spatio scripsit, quot ne attentè qui­dear perlegere aliquis possit. Sacrarum literarum minutissima quaeque: Novum autem Testamentum admirandis Commentatiis explicuit. Possev. Apparat. Sac. Tom. 1.Had he lived in any other age save his own, we should not have needed now to envy either Hippo for Augustine, or Strido for Jerom, nor any other of those ancient noble Worthies of the Church.

Possevine in his Apparatus saith, that at the age of 22 years he attained the knowledge of almost all Arts and Sciences. For besides Philosophy and Divinity, the Canon and Civill Laws, History and the Mathematicks, he was well skilled in Greek and Hebrew.

Hic stupor est mundi, qui scibile discutit omne.

He wrote so many Books and they not ill ones, that the world computed a sheet for every day of his life: Dr. James hic Table of Devi­nity Books first approved, then censured by Pa­pists part. 4. Tom. 13. Vide Biblioth. Hisp. Tom. 2. Some conceive they meant after he came to the use of reason and the state of a man, others say, he wrote more sheets of paper then he lived daies.

It is related by a very credible Author Fr. Ximenes, Archbishop of Toledo, and Primate of all Spain, that reckoning the daies that he lived, from his first infancy untill his dying day, you shall finde three sheets of paper that he wrote for eve­ry day.

He is styled Voluminous Abulensis, or the Voluminous Writer.

Accursius Florentinus vir magni in­genii & singularis industriae. Primus enim in universum corpus legum, ipsasque singulas leges, Glossus conscripsit. Professus est Bononiae, ubi & sepultus est. Boxhorn. Monum. Illust. vir. & Elog. Tanta est Accursiii Authoritas, ut ex ejus sententia causa judicanda sit, quoties insignis aliquis Interpres ei adhaeret. D r Duck de Authorit. Jur. Civ. Rom. l. 1. c. 8.: He flourished in the year 1223, or as some say, 1230. He was the [Page 107] first that wrote a Gloss upon all the Civil Law, and as yet the last, saith Genebrard in his Chronology.

Jacobus Acontius, He hath written a book called Stratagemata Satana. Jacobi Acontit nomen è prae­claris ingenii monumentis jampridem orbi notum atque illustre est. Ram. Epist. Iac. Acont. Lectione stratagemum Satanae non solùm, recreatus sum vehementer; sed quibusdam apud nos melioris & notae & licoraturae theologis legen­dos proposui, qui modestian orationis & disputationis prudentiam mirificè comprobarunt. Id. ib. See D r Cheinels Triunity.

Adrian the Emperour Divus Adri­anus, cujus no­men non mo­dò latini quidam, sed Graeci quoque nonnulli cum afflatu notant, cum melius ac frequentius sine scribitur, si ab Adriae civitatis nomine deducatur. In antiquitatum elogiis utrunque comperi. Fuisse verò Adrianus ab usque adolescentia Graecarum literarum adeo studiosus traditur, ut vulgò Graeculus appellaretur, ut Aurelius Victor & Spartianus prodidere. Mox rerum summam & imperium adeptus, in Graecia est diutissimè versatus, ut multis in locis ostendit Pausanias. Fuit in pangendis versibus versatus, saepe (que) non modo cum Philosophis aliisque scriptoribus certavit, sed & carminibus faciendis cum poë is. Ad lacessendum pariter & respondendam, seriis, joco, maledictis acerrimus fuit, & protinus carmen carmini referre, ut prorsus meditatum dictum adversus omnia cre­deres. Lil. Gyrald. de Poet. Hist. Dial. 5. was a very Learned Prince and Facetious, a great Gre­cian, he was called by many Graeculus.

Pope Adrian the fourth, an Englishman, he was bred and born at S t Albons. Oft times in familiar talk with John of Salisbury his Countryman he used these senten­ces: To take the Papacy (saith he) is to succeed Romulus in murder, Nicolaus Breckspeare ad culmen Pontificium sub nomine Hadriani 4 ti evectus, qui in familiari cum Johanne Sarisburiensi Anglo, amico veteri, colloquio, amice insinuare solebat, Ambire Pontificatum est Romulo succedere in parricidiis, non Petro in pascendis ovibus. Hotting. Hist. Eccles. parte 3 tia. cap. 12. and not Peter in sheep-feeding. None is more wretched then the Romish Bishop, neither is any mans condition more miserable then his. Johan. Salisb. de nugis aulicorum, l. 8. His breath was stopt with a fly which entred into his throat.

Pope Adrian the sixth, a poor mans sonne of Vtrecht.

He was a Learned man and Schoolmaster to Charles the 5 th, who sent him to Rome to negotiate for him for the Popedom, thinking thereby to sway much if he could get both the Swords; but they chose Adrian, who would not change his name (as the custom is) when he was made Pope. Marcellus Cervinus being elected Pope also retained his name, shewing that his dignity had not changed him. See the Hist. of the Counell of Trent, l. 5. p. 389, 390.

He saith there, that the changing of the Popes names began, because Dutch men were made Popes, to whose names Roman ears were not accustomed, all that fol­lowed observed the same use, signifying thereby that they had changed their pri­vate affections into publick and divine cares. Platina saith Sergius the 2 d was first called Os P [...]rci, Swines mouth, and because of that filthy name he took the Name of Sergius when he was made Pope, and that that custom continued after, that those which were made Popes changed their names, although this was not observed by them all.

Adrians memorable speech was, Nihil sibi imperio infelicius in vita accidisse, That nothing befell him more unhappy in his life, then his Dominion.

He was severe and purposed to reform corruptions, and said he would begin with the Court, but was thereupon poysoned, as some think.

Vide Sleid. Comment. lib. 3.

Quod bonus & recti custos, quod pacis amator,
Correctorque Aulae luxuriantis eras,
Scilicet hac una ex causa vir sancte peristi,
Vixisses annos Nestoris improbior.

Laurent. Pignor. in Symbii Epistol. Epist. 33. ad Johan. Thuilium.

He wrote as the genius of that age was twelve Quodilibeticall Questions, and Questions on the fourth book of the Master of the Sentences. Is erat illius saecull apud Theologos genius, ut quae in controversiam vocarentur, graves in primis atque difficiles Quaestiones, quòd de re qualibet cuilibet disserere liceret, Qu [...]dibetica appel­larentur. Aub. Mir. Elog. Belg.

[Page 108] Ex illustri Columniensi­um familia satus. Aegidius Bituricensis fit Episcopus & Aquitaniae primas Anno 1295. Aquinatis discipulus, quam plurima scripsit, & Beatus Doctor cognominatus est. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 16. Aegidius Romanus Anno Christi 1280.

Aelian. His Books de animalibus and de varia historia are commended, though some prefer the first. Anno aerae Christi 138. Helv. Chron. Aelianus quamvis genere Romanus, non minus eleganter tamen Graecè quàm vel Mediterranei Atheni­enses locutus est. Philostratus in vita Aeliani. Ejus libri 14 variae historiae, libri item 16 historiae animalium varia doctrina exornati adhuc extant in publico, Graeco Latiné etiam aliquando editi opera & studio Conradi Gesneri Neand. Geog. parte 1 a. Liber Aeliam de varia Historia minus elegans est, quam librorum de animalibus. Sed planè mihi persuadeo, non esse extremam operi manum additam ab auctore, eò quòd fato praeveniretur. Voss. de Histor. Graec. l. 2. c. 11.

Magnum is sibi nomen paravit opere inclyto de re­bus gestis Francorum: cui annos XXX. impen­disse dicitur. Omnino scriptor est elegans, ac disertus. Voss. de Histor. Lat. l. 3. c. 12. Paulus Aemilius unicum eloquentiae Romanae nostro saeculo decus, cujus floribus quantum ad res Gallicas pertinet, Polydorus historiam adornavit suam. Lel. Comment. In Cygneam Cantionem. In Galliis & res quoque Gallicas scripsit, etsi non Gallus. Ludovicus XII. decus hoc Italiae abstulit & vindicavit sibi. Ille ut rom dicam, paene una [...]inte, novos, veram & veterem Historiae viam vidit, eamque summo pede calcavit. G [...]nus scribendi ejus doctum, nervo sum, pressum ad subtilitatem & argutias declinans, & relinquens aliquid in animo serii lectores: Rerum ipsarum sed usus scrutator, severus judex, nec legi nostro suo qui magis liber ab affectu. Lips. Not. ad 1. Lib. Polit. Cujus scripta varia, Historica Geographica, Orationes & Epistolae, & caetera ejus in [...]no Volumine conjuncta ha­bentur. Neand. Geog. parte 1 a. Paulus Aemylius of Verona.

He beginning with the first Kings of France, hath written a French History of above a thousand years, yet with laconicall brevity. He is reported to have spent thirty years about this famous work, and by it got himself a great Name.

Gerardus Vossius lib. 3. de Hist. Lat. cap. 12. cals him an elegant and eloquent Writer.

Aeneas Sylvius an Italian, after called Pope Pius the 2 d, he lived in the year 1464.

Being seven years old sporting with his playfellows of the same age, he was sa­luted Pope by them, all of them kissing his feet, as the Papists do the Popes.

Historians report the like of Ambrose, how he was made a Bishop being a boy by his companions.

He was very Learned, an excellent Orator, a great Poet, Philosopher and Cos­mographer, he could speak eloquently. Magna quidem in dicendo Pii laus fuit, quòd, cùm saepius iisdem de rebus loqueretur, diversa semper visus est dicere: tanta erat in homine elegantia & copia. Platina de vitis Pontificum Romanorum.

Scientia sane insignis, pari utinam & conscientia. Sed Papalis Cathedrae vis in eo statim enituit. Morn. Myst. Iniq.

He was at the Councell of Basill, wrote every thing, praising the Decrees that were there made exceedingly: But when he was advanced to this high degree of dignity, he changed his opinion, and would have the Counsell subject to the Popes. Sleid. Comment. l. 2. Whence that scoff of him, Quod Aeneas probavit, Pius damnavit.

He is said to be the Author of that famous Dystick,

Boxhorn. Hist. Univers.
Non audet Stygius Pluto tentare quod audet.
Effrenis Monachus, plenaque fraudis anus.

Primus ex Evangelicis Sacrosanctae Theologiae Doctor salutatur, Witebergae anno 1530. Boissardi Icones. Joannes Aepinus, a Learned Divine.

His severall Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

Aeschines the Orator, he was an Athenian, there was a great contest between him and Demosthenes, Lecte sunt Orationes Aeschinis: qua­rum tres nu­mero sunt, & Epistolae novem. Nam Deliaca non est Aeschinis. In orationibus suavis, purus, distinctus, & Enthymemarum perspicuitate excellens. Phetii Biblioth. p. 1463. Demosthenes caused him to be banished. Plenior Aeschines & magis fusus, & grandiori similis, quo minus strictus est: carnis tamen plus habet, lacertorum minus. Quintil. Instit. l. 10. c. 1.

[Page 109] Aeeschylus an Athenian. Cum calvus esset annos natus octo & quinquaginta, in agro sedens, accidit fortè ut aquila inde volans, testudinem in caput ejus demitteret, rata scilicet calvum Aeschyli caput sa [...]um esse, quo ales ipsa ejusmodi animalia solet conquassere: qua quidem testudinis ruina, ejus ita cerebrum & caput comminutum est & contri­tum, ut statim interierit, Historiam praeter alios Aelianus & Valerius Maximus per scribunt. Lil. Gyrald. de Hist. Dial. 6. Aeschylus sublimis, gravis, grandiloquus saepe usque ad vitium sed rudis in plerisque & incompositus. Quint. l. 10. Instit. Orat.

He first published Tragedies, saith Quintilian Institut. Orat. l. 10. c. 1.

When he heard that he should die with a stroak coming from above, he shunned houses and was wont to remain in the open air, but he was killed by a Tortoyse fal­ling from the mouth of an Eagle upon his baldhead. See Plin. l. 10. c. 3.

Agapetus Diaconus, a most Learned and holy man.

These are his Works,

De Officio Regis, Gr. &Lat.

Expositio Capitum Paraeneticorum ad Justinianum Caesarem Gr. & Lat.

Agobardus Bishop of Lions in France, Anno Christi 840. Patria Gallus, Judicio mag­no praeditus, & divina scientia instructissimus: Lugdunensis Episcopus Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. lib. 9.

Peracris ingenii & doctrinae, Possev. a man very acute and Learned.

CHAP. II.

ROdolphus Agricola. He was a very eminent Scholar, a Musician, a Painter, Illius scripta maximè om­nium qui aeta­te nostra vix­erint mihi quidem pro­bantur. Pet. Bemb. Epist. l. 6. Eras. Vir cum omnium liberalium artium egregiè eruditus, tum Oratoriae atque Poeticae peritissimus. Denique & Grae­cam linguam non minus quam Latinam calluit. Eras. Epist. l. 21. Vir in secularibus literis omnium suo tempore doctissimus, & divinarum non ignarus, Philosophus, Rhetor & poeta celeberrimus, trium linguarum principalium, Hebraicae, Graecae, Latinae peritus, ingenio subtilis, eloquio disertus. Trithemius de uiris Illustribus. In lumini­bus tenebrosi hujus saeculi jure censendus. Morn. Myst. Iniq. part. 2. Rodolphus Agricola primus omnium post beat [...] Graeciae Italiaeque tempora eximium illum logicae facultatis usum revocavit, ut juventus à poëtis & oratoribus disce­ret non solum pure loqui & ornate dicere, sed de propositis rebus acute cogitare prudenterque judicare. Rami Praefat. De conjungenda Eloquentia cum Philosophia. Vide Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgica. & vit. Profes. Gron. & Pant [...]l. de Vir. Illust. German. and very studious of other Arts and learned in them. Inter Graecos graecissi­mus, inter Latinos latinissimus: Amongst the Grecians a speciall Grecian; amongst the Latinists a pure Latinist. In verse you would have thought him another Virgill, in prose he resembled Angelus Politianus in wittiness, in ma­jesty he exceeded him. Swertii Athenae Belgicae.

Hermolaus Barbarus made these verses on Agricola,

Invida clauserunt hoc marmore fata Rudolphum
Agricolam, Frysii spem (que) decusque soli.
Scilicet hoc vivo meruit, Germania, laudis,
Quicquid habet Latium, Graecia quicquid habet.

Boissard in his Icones mentions his Works.

Thuanus Tomo primo Hist. l. 16. p. 459. much commends Georgius Agricola. He goes beyond all in those subjects, De re Mettallica, & Statica.

Henricus Cornelius Agrippa, a great Scholar, but too much given to Magick, as his Book De occulta Philosophia shews, which I wonder any will justifie.

Adhuc cum plausu à multis exceptum volumen de vanitate scientiarum, alium ad­didit librum de occulta Philosophia, curiosis admodum pestilentem, quod opus ex cen­sura Christiana, edicto vetatur, apud unos impios reperitur. Paul. Jov. Elog. Doct. Vir. homo cumprimis eruditus & Magicis superstitionibus infamis. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 4. lib. 89. Vanissimus ille vanitatum effictor. Tych. B [...]ah. lib. 1. de Nova Stella.

[Page 110] Ainsworth a Brownist, but a learned Hebrician, and good Commentator on the five Books of Moses, the Psalmes and Canticles. He hath published also other Works, all which are much liked by some of our Divines.

William Alablaster an excellent Poet, he wrote a Poem called Elisaeis, of the chief things in Q. Elizabeths Reign, but it was not perfected.

There is his Apparatus in revelat. Jesu Christi.

Albatenius in Aristotelem commentari­os aedidit, ac Galeni libros in Arabum vertit sermonem, scripsitque de simplicibus. Volat. Anthropol. l. 21. Albategni [...]s an Arabian, Anno 1070. a famous Mathematician and Physitian. He hath written De Numero Stellarum & Motibus.

Ob sapienti­am singularem cognomento magnus Bel­larm. de script. Eccles. Anno Christi 1259. Calvis. Chron. Albertus cog­nomento ma­gnus, vir in divinis Scri­pturis erudi­tissimus, & in seculari Philosophia nulli suo tempore secundus, ingenio subtilis, sermone Scholasticus, vita & con­versatione devotus & sanctissimus. Si quae miranda fecisse dicitur, non maleficio sed occultis naturae sibi tamen patentibus rebus id factum non dubito. Trithem. Catal. Illust. vir. Vir eruditionis admirandae, quem divinarum rerum pauca, humanarum fortasse nulla latuerunt, sublimibus ingenii ac memoriae viribus usque ad miraculum prae­stans, in divinis studiis longè eruditissimus, & Philosophorum omnium quos vel ante, vel post eum universa Ger­mania protulit princeps, ob eximiam scientiarum ejus multitudinem, magnitudinemque. Magni cognomen, quod nulli unquam eruditorum contigit, ante mortem adeptus. Sixt. Senens. Biblioth. Sanct. l. 4. Albertus Magnus, for his Learning and exact knowledge of all good Disciplines he was sirnamed Great. He left many Scholars and two principall ones among the rest, Thomas de Aquino, and Bonaventure.

He died when he was fourscore years old. He left many Books which are now Printed, and do much elucidate Philosophy and Divinity. Although he was as it were the chief of the Schoolmen, yet he hath some things not agreeable to the Doctrine of the Papists.

Illyr. Catal. I est. verit. l. 16.

His Works were many, the principall are reckoned up by Boissard in his Icones.

Leander Albertus, His Italia, and his Book De viris Illustribus ordinis Praedi­catorum, shew his great abilities.

Leo Bapt. Ingenio vir admirabili, ac uti ad omnes omnino disciplinas tam practicas quam theoricas nato: nam & Geometria perfectus & Optices, Astro­logiae, Musicae, Picturae, Torrentices, aliarumque id genus artium omnium gnarus fuit, opera quoque nonnulla reliquit [...]aud vulgaria, nominatim librum praeclarae eruditionis indicem de architectura. Leand. Alb. Descript­tor. Ital. Albertus, he was a Learned man of the same family.

Gabriel Albaspinaeus Bishop of Orleance.

He published a Book de Eucharistiae Mysterio, and two Books De veteribus Ec­clesiae ritibus cum notis in Concilium Eliberitanum, & aliquot Tertulliani libros.

M r Selden and M r Gillespie cite his observations on Tertullian, and speak of him as a great Antiquary.

This was his Epitaph,

Clauditur hoc tumulo spinâ cui nomen ab Albâ
Successor patriae fidei, successor honoris,
Regis deliciae, procerumque & plebis amores:
Dives opum bene partarum, sed ditior usu;
Munificus, facilisque aditu, studiisque politus
Ingenuis, rectique tenax, & simplice lingua
Egregium decus oris erat; maturius annis
Consilium, & cani juvenili in corpore mores.
Denique florebat summae spes proxima laudi;
Cùm brevis humanis semper virtutibus atas
Ter denos juvenem vetuit numerare Decembres.
Tot bona quam parvo rapuerunt tempore fata!

Edmundus Albertinus, a Learned French Protestant Divine of Paris.

There is a Learned Book of his de Sacramento Eucharistiae lately published, with a Preface of Blondels to it.

[Page 111] Andreas Alciatus was the first that wrote Learned notes on the Civil Law, Andreas Alci­atus mediola­nensis primus purioris litteraturae & antiquitatis cognitionem ad Juris scientiam attulit, Thuanus Hist. Tom. 1. l. 8. Vide plura ibid. Post eum statim affulserunt ex singulis nationibus Christianis jurisconsulti Clarissimi, ex Italis Decianus, Mo­nochius, Pancirollus; ex Hispanis Ant. Augustinus, Did. Covarruvias, Ant. Goveanus, Arius Penellus; ex Gal­lis Budaeus, Cujacius Duarenus, Tiraquellus, Contius, Hottomamus, Balduinus, Brissonius, Antonius & Pet. Faber; ex Germanis Zasius, Sichardus, Vigilius. D. Duck de Author. Jur. Civil. Roman. l. 1. c. 5. Vide Jani Nicii Erythraei pinaco cothecam secundam in Francisco Alciato. after him Budeus, and Cujacius, and many others.

Erasmus l. 23. Epist. Epist. 12. Lil. Gyrald. de Poet. Nost. Temp. Dial. 2. stiles him Vnicum hujus aetatis miraculum, ac studiorum delicium, the only miracle of this age, and the darling of the Muses: By Lilius Gyraldus he is intitled, Jurisperitorum eloquentissimus, eloquentium juris peritissimus, polyhistor, bonusque poeta.

His Emblems are much commended by Julius Scaliger. Alciati praeter emblemata nihil mihi videre contigit. Ea verò talia sunt ut cum quovis ingenio certare possint. Dulcia sunt, pura sunt, elegantia sunt: sed non sine nervis: sententiae verò tales, ut etiam ad usus civilis vitae conferant. Scalig. Hypercritic. cap. 3.

Arias Montanus made these verses of him,

Eloquio jus Romanum lucebat & arte,
Turba obscurarunt barbara legulei.
Andreas prisco reddit sua jura nitori,
Consultos (que) facit doctius inde loqui.

Our age (saith Learned Pasquier Recherch. de la France, l. 9. ch. 30) brought forth four great persons in the same time, Erasmus a Dutchman, Budeus a French­man, Alciate an Italian, Vives a Spaniard: and yet we have with us (saith he) Adrian Turnebus and Peter Ramus, which last hath made many Books full of learning and knowledge; and for Turnebus his Adversaria consisting in Huma­nity, it is a work unimitable in variety of knowledge. In his 29. ch. of that Book he speaks of the Lawyers in the year 1500 which joyned the study of the Law with humane learning, where he makes honourable mention of also Budeus, Alciate, Cu­jacius, and divers others.

Stephanus Paschasius likewise in his Icones, hath these verses of Erasmus, Budaus and Alciate.

Qui leget hos, leget ille sui tria lumina secli,
Lumina non ullo non colebranda die.
Hic Italus, Gallusque alius, Germanus & alter,
Quos triplex uno tempore fama tulit.

Flaccus Albinus or Alcuinus, vir illis temporibus longè eruditissimus, Albinus Flac­cus, cognomen­to Alcuinus, natione An­glicus, Beda Presbyteri Auditor, vir in omni scien­tiarum genere suo tempore celebratissi­mus, & Caroli magni Augusti praeceptor. Sixtus Senens. Biblioth. Sanct l. 4. Alcuinus Caroli magni magister & amicus fuit, qui & ipse nonnihil in poetica promovit: at in caeteris disciplinis abundè laudatur. Certè in Gallo­rum annalibus inter caetera, quod autor fuit ut Parisiensis Schola erigeretur: vobis eam ex iis referam. Delatos esse in Galliam ex Scotia aiunt Claudium, [...]oannem Rhabanum & Alcuinum omnes olim Bedae discipulos, qui se nihil quicquam aliud prae [...]er bonas artes & sapientiam è patria exportasse profiterentur, venalemque eam se habere. Res ad Carolum defertur, jussu ejus vocantur. Iidem profitentur liberè, gratis etiam se edocturos, si modo eis locus & vita praestetur. Intellexit res ingenuas eorum mentes animumque esse, eos apud se retinuit: arque ita (ut fertur) ex iis Parisiense gymnasium initium sumpsit. Lil. Gyrald. de Poet. Hist. Dial. 5. Temporibus Pipini, & filii ejus Ca­roli magni, Francorum regum, claruit Flaccus [...]lcuinus, cui cognomentum Albinus fuit. Natione hic erat Anglus, docuit Carolum magnum, ac eidem post ab cleemosynis & sanctioribus consiliis fuit, etiam consilio ejus Carolus instituit Academiam Parisinam. Latinè, Graecè, Hebraicè callebat: atque idem erat rhetor, Philosophus, Mathe­maticus, & theologus nobilis. Voss. de Histor. Lat. l. 2.630. a learned English man for those times, Schoolmaster of Charles the Great, one of the Foun­ders of the University of Paris. He lived 800 years after Christ, saith Helvicus in his Chronol.

Camden in his Britane in Yorkeshire, makes honourable mention of him: So doth Caius Histor. Cantabr. Academ. l. 1. p. 37.

That which many Writers observe, of his being Bedes Scholar, will not be made good.

[Page 112] Rondeletius, Gesnerus, & Aldrovandus, qui tres cons­tituunt trigam historicorum Physicorum absolutissimam. Alsted. Encyclop. Vlysses Aldrovandus, percelebris ille de animalibus scriptor, so he is styled by Gassendus in vita Peireskii. l. 1.

His Books de Animalibus printed at Bononia are commended.

Hieronymus Aleander Cardinall, was Learned in Latine, Greek and Hebrew, ad stuporem usque, whose labour Leo the Pope used against Luther.

He was of so great a memory, that though he greedily read over many Vo­lumes, yet he remembred all, and would rehearse it long after. Neand. Geog. parte 1 a.

Alexander the Great, He was tam Marti quam Mercurio, a great Scholar and Souldier both. Nam duo A­lexandri, unus Macedo alter Imperator Romanus, Hic Virgilii studiosissimus traditur fuisse, ille Homeri, ut nulla un­quam die ab eorum lectione vacaverunt. Volat. Comment. Urb. l. 33. Nam Alexandrum à primis annis disciplina erudiit Aristoteles, & ad eam tum animi, tum ingenii praestantiam, quae postea res illas, omnium opinione majo­res & aggressus est, & confecit, praeceptis Philosophiae pulcherrimis extulit. Phalangem verò, ejusque artem stru­endae ab uno primum Homeri poetae versu manasse, doctiss [...]i homines memoriae prodiderunt. Ergo vicissim & à litteri [...] adjuvantur arma, & ab armis literae sustinentur. Paul. Manut. Praefat. ad Epist.

He was bred and taught under Aristotle, who Dedicated divers Books of Philo­sophy unto him: He was attended with Calisthenes, and divers other learned per­sons that followed him in Camp, and were his perpetuall Associates in all his tra­vailes and conquests. He expostulates with Aristotle for publishing the mysteries of Phylosophy, and gave him to understand, That himself esteemd it more to excell others in Learning and Knowledge, then in Power and Empire.

Alexander de Hales: He was an English man, and Princeps Scholasticorum one of the chief Schoolmen. Is natione Anglicus, fons vitae primùm deinde Doctor irrefragabilis cognominatus claruit Parisiis 1240. & audi­tores habuit Aquinatem, Bonaventuram & alios qui post eum Pontificias traditiones variis modis propagarunt. Quaedam tamen scriptis Alexandri occur­runt, quae cum aliorum Scholasticorum dictis non omnino conveniunt. Discipuli enim & successores, dum magi­stris acutiores videri volunt, errores auxerunt. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 16. Vide Sixt. Senens. Bibl. Sanct. l. 4. He was first called Fons vitae, then Doctor irrifragabilis, the Master of Thomas Aquinas, and Bonaventure. He flourished in the year of Christ 1245.

He wrote by the Commandment of Pope Innocent the 4 th, an excellent and most copious summe of Divinity, which is generally known. Bellarm. de Script. Eccles. He wrote other things also, as Gesner shews in his Bibliotheca.

Camden in his Britain in Glocestershire mentions Hales a Monastery there, whence this our Country man came.

Alexander Alesius, a Scotchman of later times, magni inter suos nominis Theolo­gus. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2 do l. 36. Anno Dom. 1551.

Alexander ab Alexandro, a Neapolitane.

He hath written a book styled Genialium dierum, which it were good to reade with Tiraquellus his Annotations, because he shews what Authours he was behol­ding to for those things he hath.

Jurisconsultus Neapolitanus, reliquit Genialium dierum libros sex, verè promptu­arium antiquitatis veterisque historiae, etsi nec pauca in eo sint ad verborum proprie­tatem, aliaque studia pertinentia. Vnum autem hoc meritò in hisce praeclaris Com­mentariis improbari solet, quòd eorum unde profecisset, dissimularet autores. Sed huic vitio medicinam fecit doctissimus, Tiraquellus, qui digitum ad fontes intendens, unde quaeque hansta essent, judicavit. Voss. de Histor. Lat. l. 3. c. 8.

Alhazen. Tycho Brahe cals Vitellio ejus imitatorem. Inter Optices scriptores prae­cipui sunt Alhazen & Vitellio. Tych. Brah. De Nova Stella. c. 1.

Leo Allatius, Primùm quidem suspi­ciens variam, insignemque eruditionem, qua Leo Allatius vir pereruditus Romae degens, tot Graecos auctores hactenus invisos, aut in [...] ­mendatos profert, castigat, interpretatur felicitate mirabili, favere illius conatibus voluit, studioseque egit cum Typographi [...] Parisiensibus, ut lucubrationum ipsius editio [...]em aggrederentur. Gassend. de Vita Peireskil lib. 5. a Learned Scholer, a naturall Grecian.

He hath put out a Book entitled Apes Vrbanae, of all the famous men which were at Rome in the years 1630, 1631, 1632, and have published Books.

[Page 113] Muhamedes Alfraganus, a great Astronomer. He is translated out of Hebrew by Jacobus Christmannus, and put out in Arabick and Latine, by Golins.

There are his Chronol. & Astron. Elementa.

Alfred King of England.

He divided the day and night into three parts, Alfridus, qui & Ealfredus, & Aluredus debellavit Da­nos, & unicus sui saeculi Maecaenas fuit. Hujus viri nunquam satis laudati res gestas scripsit Asserius Menevensis, cujus ego historiam plurimi merito facio, quòd Alfrido regi praeceptor aliquando fuit & ejus actorum oculatus planè testis. Lelandi Comment. In cygn. Cant. Ita doctus evasit demum, ut Grammaticus, Philosophus, Rhetor, Historicus, Musicus, & Poeta non vulgaris haberetur: imo archirectus ac geometer perfectissimus. Balaeus de Script. Britan. Cent. 2. Dedit Aluredus jam viginti natus annos operam literis, atque ira doctus evasit brevi, ut divi Gregorii dialogos, opus Boetii de Consolatione Philosophiae & Psalmos Davidis, ex Latino in patrium sermonem verterit, quo à cunctis facile intelligeretur. Polyd. Verg. Anglia. Hist. lib. 5. if he were not let by Warres and other great business, eight hours he spent in Study and Learning, other eight hours he spent in Prayer and Almes-deeds, and other eight hours he spent in his naturall rest, sustenance of his body; and the affairs of his Kingdom.

He was not only very Learned himself, but also a worthy maintainer of the same through all his Dominions.

Thomas Allen, he hath put out Notes on Chrysostem, and Sir Henry Savill often styles him Doctissimum: he was skilled both in Greek and Divinity.

Peter de Alliaco, Bishop of Camray in France, Episcopus Cameracensis & Ecclesiae Romanae Cardinalis Patisiensis gymnasi [...] quondam Cancellarius, praeceptor Johannis de Gerson, vir in divinis scripturis eruditissimus, & insecularibus literis, maxime in Philosophia Aristotelica nobiliter doctus, ingenio excellens & Clarus eloquio, declamator quoque ser­monum egregius. Trithem. de Script. Eccles. and Cardinall of the Church of Rome, 1400.

He was a famous Mathematician and Divine, a Germane.

He observing many superstitions and errours in the Church, wrote a Book De Reformatione Ecclesiae, and in the year 1414, he left it with the Councell of Con­stance to judge of it.

Alphonsus King of Arragon. Alphonsus Rex in tabulas Astronomicas convocaris undique Ma­thematicis in­signibus qua­dringenia Co­ronatorum millia impen­dit. Alexandri erga Aristo­telem in ani­masium histo­riam liberali­tate pene ex­aequata. Rami Scholae Ma­them. l. 3. Alphonsus Arragonum & Siciliae Rex non tantum doctos in omni scientiarum genere viros amavit. Sed ipse etiam tam im­pense bonorum auctorum lectioni operam dedit, ut a gravissimis etiam morbis lectionis assiduitate se liberatum saepenumero pronunciavit. Hispanos etiam quingentis atque eo amplius annis à studiis usque adeo abhorrentes, ut qui litteris operam impenderent, ignominia propemodum notarentur, ad litterarum cultum sic revocavit, ut rudes propeque efferator homines, doctrina & eruditione reformaverit. Quotidie Poecas, Philosophos, Theologos, aut legentes aut disputantes, aut orantes magna attentione audire solebat. Boxhorn. Monum. Illust. vir. & Elog. Vide Gassend. Praefat. in Tych. Brah. vit. & Panormit. vit. Alphonsi regis Arragonis.

He much favoured the wits of his age, and therefore he honourably maintained at his Court Bartholomaeus Facius, Georgius Trapezuntius a Grecian, Laurentius Valla, Antonius Panormitanus, and other Learned men in great number. His vertues are most amply celebrated by Blondus, Sabellicus, Bernardinus Corius, Antonius Panormitanus, Simoneta, and other Learned Writers.

A most excellent Philosopher and Astronomer as any of his time, a great lover and advancer of Learning.

He was wont to say, Se malle privatim vivere, quam eruditione carere, he had rather live privately then want learning, and that an unlearned King was but a Crowned Asse.

When he was sick of a great disease, and his Physitians applied many medicines in vain, he began to reade the history of Curtius concerning Alexander, and was so much delighted with it, that being restored to health he is reported to have said, Valeant Avicenna, Hippocrates, medici caeteri: Vivat Curtius sospitator meus. Anton. Panorm. lib. de rebus gestis Alphonsi.

Petrus Alphonsus, a Jew, and first called Moses, he left Judaism and was con­verted to the Christian Faith, and was by Baptism ingraffed into Christ, in the year of our Lord 1106, on Peters day, when he was 44 years old, whence he had the name of Peter given him; and because Alfonsus the King of Spain was his [Page 114] Surety in Baptism, he was called Alfonsus. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 14.

John Henry Alsted an industrious Writer, but a great Collectour.

Roma in Bib­liotheca vati­cana inter Heidelbergen­sia cimelia, dicam an spo­lia, ostentat themata & exercitia styli Regis Bohe­miae, Altingii manu emen­data, eruditis peregrinato­ribus mini­méque superstitiosis visenda vitae Profes, Groningae.Henricus Alting.

He and Conradus Vorstius were Piscators Scholars; Piscator was wont to call Al­ting Theologum optimum, Vorstius Pessimum.

Spinola invading the Palatinate, and the place taken where he remained, a blou­dy fellow used these words to him with a Poleax in his hand, I have killed with these hands ten men to day to which D. Alting shall be speedily added, if I knew where he did lie hid, but who art thou? he answered, I was the Schoolmaster in the Colledge of Wisdom, and so escaped.

His works are these Scripta Theologica Heidebergensia tribus Tomis.

Exegesis Augustanae confessionis, unà cum Syllabo controversiaram Lutharanarum Methodus Theologiae Didacticae, & Catecheticae.

Henry Alting his sonne, who wrote Hebraeorum Respublica Scholastica.

Natione Hi­spanus, patria Granatensis. Fuit ingenio candidus, mo­ribus suavis. Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societ. Jesu a Philippo Alegambe edita. Insignis Theologus & in controversiis de Praede­stinatione ut plurimum Orthodoxus. Twiss. contra Corvinum. cap. 10. Sect. 2. Didatus Alvarez, a famous Spanish Divine, and for the most part orthodox in the controversies concerning Predestination, as likewise Dominicus Bannes, and the Dominicans generally are, who follow Thomas, as the Franciscaens do Scotus.

De nominum divinorum differentiis, & religione arque decretis Rabbinorum circa illa diligentissimè doctissiméque scripsit Cl. Vir D. Sixtinus Amano Ebraic. literarum professor, praeceptor meus & fautor maximopere honorandus, in differtatione sua de nomine Te­trigrammato not. Coch. Tit. Talmud. Sahend. c. 7. Sixtinus Amama, a Dutchman, both learned and modest.

His Antibarbarus Biblicus and Censura are usefull.

One that had a natural genius to enlighten the Text of Scripture, and to finde the notion of the sacred Language. Mr. Medes 3 d Letter to my Lord of Ar­magh. Episcopus Mediolanensis, in divinis scripturis at (que) in secularibus literis omnium facilè doctissi­mus, Graeco atque Latino sermone ad perfectum in­structus, cujus meritum totus orbis personat. Qui in expo­nendis decla­randisque di­vinis scripturis omnes docto­res vicit, cujus fidem nulla unquam pote­stas terrena infringere potuit, ita ut multis Episcopis pro fide religatis exilio, Ambrosium nullus unquam audere [...] attingere. Fuit enim velut malleus haereticorum, constantissimus impugnator, cujus linguae in fide Christi lo­quenti nulla potuit unquam authoritas hum [...]na [...]mponere silenium. Pro fide semper paratus quaelibet subire peri­cula, Domino protegente liber ubique & illaesus evasit. Trithem, de Scriptoribus Eccles. Vir. disertus & valde eru­ditus in Philosophia. Hunc falsò accusat Porphyrius quod ex Christiano Ethnicus suerit, cum con [...]at cum usque ad extremam vitam Christianum perseverasse. Hieron. de Script. Eccles.

Ambrose Bishop of Milane.

He hindred Theodosius the Emperour from entring into the Church, for a mur­ther committed at Thessalonica. To whom when the Emperour said, That David the King was also an adulterer and manslayer, Ambrose answered, Qui secutus es errantem, sequere poenitentem, Thou that hast followed him sinning, follow him repenting. Hence the Emperour underwent a publick penance imposed upon him by the Bishop. He stoutly defending the Catholick Faith and Ecclesiasti­cal Discipline, converted many Arians, and other hereticks to the truth of the Faith.

It is reported of him, that when he was an Infant, a swarm of Bees setled on his face, as he lay in his Cradle, and flew away without hurting of him, where­upon his Father said, If this childe live, he will be some great man.

He flourished anno Christi 361. Helv. Chron.

Cardinal Baronius at the commandment of Pope Sixtus, wrote S t Ambrose his life with all diligence. Before he was Bishop, he was a secular Judge, and no Di­vine: nay, no Christian at all; but his Christianity and Divinity began both toge­ther, after he was chosen Bishop of Milane. For, he was fain to be Christened, before he could be consecrated. Bish. Andrews Answ. to the 20 th Ch. of Cardinal Perrons Reply.

CHAP. III.

WIlliam Ames Doctor of Divinity, a judicious and solid English Divine, witnesse his Medulla Sacrae Theologiae, his five Books De Conscientia & ejus jure, vel casibus.

His Bellarminus Enervatus, his Corronis ad collationem Hagi­ensem, and his other works.

Amiraldus a learned French Divine. Est ejus inge­nium comptum & acre, nec in ejus oratione desiderator nitor, nec in disputando solertia, eruditio ejus non est vulgaris. Molinaeus praefat. ad de Amyrald. adversus Spanhem. judicium. He hath written divers learned Tracts both in Latine and French. De libero arbitrio, de gratia contra Spanhemium, de secessione ab Ecclesia Romana.

Gulielmus de Sancto Amore, a Master of Paris, and chief Ruler then of that University.

He was a worthy and valiant Champion of Christ, and adversary of Antichrist. He wrote against the Friers and their hypocrisie, but especially against the begging Friers.

In his dayes there was a most detestable and blasphemous book set forth by the Friers, which they called Evangelium aeternum, or, Evangelium Spiritus Sancti, The Everlasting Gospel, or, The Gospel of the holy Ghost; it said, The Gospel of Christ was not to be compared with that Gospel, no more then darknesse to light. That the Gospel of Christ should be preached but fifty years, and then this Everlasting Gospel should rule the Church. He mightily impugned this pestiferous Book. Foxes Act. and Monum. Tom. 1. p. 410. to 416.

Ammonius Alexandrinus, an eloquent man, and great Philosopher. Cognomento Saccus, quod ex bajulo eva­sisset Philosophus, ac tantus, ut parem vix acne vix quidem habuerit, inter Aristotelis nimirum servos. Heerboord. Ep. Dedicat. ad Select. ex Philos. Disputat.

Amphilochius, He flourished about the year 380. Vide Bellarm. de Script. Eccles. Iconii Epis­copus S. Gre­gorii aequalis. Non sacile judicari potest, quid in illis primum admirari debeas, eruditionem seculi an scientiam scripturarum. Hieron de Basilio, Gregorio Nazianzeno & Amphilochio.

Anacreon.

The learned and noble Poet Anacreon was born in Perche in France. His Poem concerning Gems and precious Stones, deserves the Laurelwreath.

Anastasius the Popes Library keeper, he hath written faithfully the lives of 109 Popes of Rome. Vir pro tem­porum condi­tione Graecis & Latinis li­teris eruditus. Sigon. de Rom. Histor. Scriptoribus.

Anastasius Synaita. In the year of our Lord 640.

He is by some B. Ush. Answ to the Jes Challenge, p. 128. called Nicenus, by others Sinaita, and Antiochenus.

Petrus Ancharanus (sive Ancoranus) Bononiensis. Florebat in Italia anno Christi Serva­toris 1410. Sigismundo Romanorum Imperatore. Bossardi Icones

He was of the illustrious Family of the Farnesii. He wrote in both the Laws. He wrote five Books upon the Decretals, one Book on six of the Decretals, one Book on the Clementines, one Book concerning the Rules of the Law, and others.

Bishop Vir quanta dicendi vi praeditus ac in concionibus praecipue sacris, loquatur Aula Regis, loquatur universa Anglia, quanta eruditione, loquetur sed non sine stomacho credo, ab illo tortus, Tortus ille Cardinalis. Godw. de Praesul. Angl. Comment. Acutissimi & acerrimi judicii ac styli Praesul. Spanhem. Andrews.

De cujus alta doctrina in omni genere disciplinarum, quicquid dixeto minus erit. Casaub. ad Front. Dus. Epist.

[Page 116]Some learned men much commend his Tortura Torti, Exactissimae fidei & diligen­tia scriptum. Casaub. ubi supra.

Vulgarem secutus sermonem vir longè doctissimus, qui pro Juramento Fidelitatis in Anglia Matthaeo Torto respondens, opus suum Torturam Torti inscripsit. Vossius De vitiis Sermonis, l. 3. c. 53.

Anselme.

There were two Anselmes, ours, Archbishop of Canterbury, and the other of Laon in France, Anselmus Landanensis, the Author of the interlineary glosse, who lived anno Christi 1110.

I shall speak of the first who was an Italian.

Gente Italus Cantuariensis Archiepisco­pus ex Regis Gulielmi se­cundi consen­su electus. Anni Christi 1093. Calvis. Chron. Lanfranci fuit discipulus in monasterio Beccensi, in quo Abbatis munus cir [...]a annum 1080. administravit juxta Sigebertum. Quarto post Lanfranci obitum anno in Cantuariensi Ecclesia à Rege accitus ipsi successit anno 1094. Illyr. Caral. Test. veritat l. 12.This Anselme though he was learned and continent all his life time, yet being obstinate in his opinion, he often swerved from the truth and doctrine of Christ, and rather loved the glory and vain fame of Christian praise, then truth it self.

He first in England forbad Priests marriage.

He flourished in the year of our Lord 1080.

For his witty inventions, forecastings, policies, disputations and other labori­ous affairs about the overthrow of princely Authority, and uprearing of Anti­christs tyranny, Pope Vrbanus appointed both him and them that should after­ward succeed in the Patriarchal seat of Canterbury to fit at his right foot in every general Councel, Bales English Volar [...]es. p. [...]4. and that he also ratified by a special decree. Thus it was pro­claimed when that place was given him, in the open Synod, Includamus hunc in orbo­nost [...]o tanquam alterius orbis Papam.

Marcus Anto­ninus, Pius cognomento, Philosophus. Fuit hic u [...]us inter Caesares omnes aequis­simus ac opti­mus Lyl. Gyrald. De Poet. Hist. Dial 5. Antoninus Philosophus Laudatissimus princep [...] Commodus Turpissimus, exemplum proverbii, Heroum filii noxae. Helv. Chronol. Pius Clemens, & pieras clementia, apud politos scriptores. Hinc Antoninus Pius appellatus, quod natura Clementissimus esset, inquit Spartianus. Herald. in Arnob. Marcus. Antoninus Emperor.

He was the greatest Philosopher of his time. When he was going to make warre upon the Germans. the Philosophers generally came with Questions to him to an­swer, least he dying in that expedition, they should be unresolved.

For his clemency and modest behaviour he had the name of Pius, and is for the same i [...] Histories commended.

Antoninus of Florence. Anno aerae Christianae 161.

He hath written three Tomes of Chronicles, and four Parts of Summes in great Volumes.

Marcus Antoninus de Dominis.

His Books De Republica are much commended.

Marcus Antonius Genuae, cui veterum doctrinarum arcana patent, quo nemo peritior Aristotelis interpres. Manut. Epist. l. 4. Epist. 5.

Alexandrum Aphrodisaeum; cujus de ani­ma libros abs te Latinos factos miseras mihi de mense Octobri, legi magna cum voluptate cum ejus Philosophi causa, tum tua. Nam neque ille converti à quoquam meo quidem judicio, aut elegantius potuisset, aut majori cum fide: neque tu parvam laudem in eo explicando mihi assequutus videbare. Bembus lib. 2. Epist. Hieronymo Donato. Alex. Aphrodisaeus. One of the first Interpreters of Aristotle.

Petrut Apianus a famous Mathematician. Mathematicus superioris aetatis celeber­rimus. Tych. Brah. Philippus A­pianus, veteris illius Petri Apiaul, de rebus Astronomicis impensè meriti filius, inque his Disciplinis excolendis, non degener Parenti [...] sectaror. Tych Brah. Lib. 1. De nova Stella c. 9.

Petrus Aponensis seu Aponius, a chief Physician in his time.

[Page 117]He wrote Commentaries upon Aristotles Problems.

Vir Philosophiae & Medicinae famâ tam clarus, ut ab discrepantes in [...]is disciplinis sententiat in consonam aptamque unius sensus concordiam revocatas vulgò Conciliator appelletur. Castellanus De vitis Medicorum.

Apollinaris the Father and Son, both Hereticks. Apollinuaris pa­ter & filius alter pro Ho­meri poemate Heroicis ver­sibus Moysis libros & vete­tes Hebraeo­rum res usque ad Santis reg­num compo­suit, & Tra­gaedias ad imitationem Euripids, & argumenta Comica ad Menandri exemplum tractavit, alter vero sacra Evangelia & Pauli Epistolas ad Platonis imitationem dialogis inclusit. Pezel. Mellific. Histor. parte 2 d2. p. 273.

Apollinaris the Syrian, was excellently skilled in the Greek Language. Sozomen saith, He wrote in Heroick verse the Antiquity of the Hebrews after the imitation of Homer, even to the times of King Saul after the number of the letters in 24 Volumes.

He translated also the Psalms in Heroick verse, which are yet extant.

He also imitating Menander, is said to have written Comedies, and Euripides, Tra­gedies, and Pindar, Lyricks. Lil. Gyrald. De Poet. Histor. Dial. 5.

This Apollinaris brought in a new Heresie, those which follow him are called Apollinarists, he held that Christ took the body but not the soul of a man, but when he was urged with reasons he somewhat changed his opinion, saith Ruffinus. He lived from Constantine to the time of the elder Theodosius. Lil. Gyrald. De Poet. Hist. Dial. 5.

Sidonius Apollinaris a Frenchman, anno Christi 557. About 450. saith Peter du Moulin in his Antibarbarian cap. 12. He was Bishop of Cleruant in Auver­nie, He married the daughter of the Emperour Avitus, by whom he had chil­dren. Moulin. ibid.

Apollonius being a Roman Apollonius Romanae ur­bis Senator, sub Commodo Principe, à servo Severo proditus, quod Christianus esset, impetrato, ut fidei suae rationem red­deret, insigne volumen composuit, quod in Senatu legit: nihilominus tamen sententia Sena [...]us, pro Christo, capite truncatus est. Veteri apud eos obtinente lege, absque negatione non dimitti Christianos, qui semel ad corum judicia pertracti essent. Hieron. De Eccles. Script. Senator wrote and recited in the Senate his Apology for the Christians, and was after crowned with Martyrdom.

Apollonius Pergaeus, a great Mathematician. Vir sune in Mathematicis excellens Ra­mi Schol. Mathem. l. 7.

Magnut Giometra, nulla ratione Archimede inferior, quam mira, quam abstrusa in suis conicis in lucem profert? Blancani Dissertat. De Natura Mathemat.

Apollonius Alexandriaus fuit, cum malè auditer, patriam fugi­ens Rhodum concessit, ubi diutius versa­satus, Rhodius quam Alexandrinus cognominari maluit. Cum esset adolescens, Argo [...]antica scripsisse dicitur, opus quidem varium, & multis vigiliis elucubratum, durum tamen, & alicubi ingratum, nisi qua parte Medeae amores describit. Lil. Gyrald. De Poet. Hist. Dial. 3. Rhodius.

He only of the Greek Poets after Pindar wrote Argonautica, of which subject there are four Books of his.

He was Callimachus his Scholar, although Alexandria was his Countrey, yet he was called Rhodius, after he came from Alexandria to Rhode, and lived there long in great honour.

Appianus Alexandrinus.

He is called deservedly by Jos. Scalig. animad. Euseb. p. 163. Alienorum laborum fuous, yet is a profitable writer, because many of those whom he exscribes, are lost.

He lived in the time of Adrian, and hath written De Bello Civilli Roma­norum.

Apuleius a Platonick Philosopher, anno Domini 161.

Scriptor eruditissimus. Casaub. de Satyr. poesi. a most learned writer. In asino plane rudit. In aliis sonat homi­nem, nisi quod florida sint ridicula, sed excusat ea inscriptio. Lud. Viv. de erad. discipl. l. 3. Apuleius non omnino malus auctor & antiquarum vocum usurpator. Turneb. Advers. l. 18. c. 14. Apuleius interdum non malus auctor, praesertim cum l [...]sciviae ingenii non indulget, neque ludum sibi permittit. Id. ib. l. 29. c. 13.

There are twelve Books of his De aureo asino, ex Graec [...] Afino Luciani descripta [Page 118] orationis genere tali, ut rudere verius quam loqui, ibi Apuleius viris eruditis videa­tur. Neand. Geog. parte 3.

Aquila a Translator of the Bible. He was converted from Judaism to the faith, afterward being again made a Proselyte, Floruerunt hisce tempori­bus (viz. anno Aerae Christi 142.) Aquila Interpres Bib­liorum, Sue­tonius Histo­ricus, Justinus Historicus, & Galenus Medicus. Calvis. Chron. he translated the Old Testament into Greek.

Aquila Ponticus ex Gentili Christianus, posteaque Judaeus factus, cum Hebraicè didicisset, sub Caesare Hadriano anno 129. veteris instrumenti libros. Graecè ita transtulit, ut verbum verbo redderet. Vossius De Arte Grammatica, l. 1. c. 3.

Tho. Aquinas born at Aquinus a Town in Abruzza in Italy.

Neapoli cum ad imaginem crucifixi vehe­mentius oraret (nunquam enim lectioni aut scriptioni absque praevia oratione ope­ram dedit) hanc vocem audivit, Bene scripfisti de me Thoma Angel. Roc. Biblioth. Vat. Circa annum Domini 1260 vixit, illum inprimis Pa­pistae ob suam quandam san­ctitatem & eruditionem, venerantur & praedicant. Illyr. Catal. Test. verit. l. 16. Theologorum fuit, ac Philo­sophorum omnium quos in hunc usque diem Scholasticorum Academia protulit, sire ulla controversia princeps: quippe qui primus omnium Latinorum Philosophorum non minus incredibili, quam felici ausu omnem Aristotelis Philosophiam Commentariis lucidinimis illustravit. Sixt. Seneus. Biblioth. lib. 4. Thomas iste natus illustri genere, totum se dedit literarum studiis, & Italia relicta, Coloniam primum, deinde. Lutetiam profectus, inter sui tem­poris viros doctos principem locum obtinuit, variis editis libellis quibus & Theologica tractat & philosophica, fuit ordinis Dominicani, discipulus Alberti Magni, mortuum Joannes XXII. pontifex retulit in numerum divorum, quinquagesimo circiter anno post, quam è vita decesserat. Sleid. Comment. De Statu. Relig. & Reipub. lib. 1. Vide plura ibid. Aquinum patria Thoma Aquinatis, scholasticorum doctorum Celebetrimi, qui & Thomi­starum familiam condidit, & in omni Philosophia ac Theologia innumeros libros scripsit, qui annis superioribus Romae Tomis seprendecim in folio feruntur excusi esse. Neand. Geog. parte 1 a. Quo scripto ( viz. Summa totius Theologiae) Aquinas videtur ingenium suum ad Romani pontificis praescrip [...]um, & mandatum accommodasse. Episc. Carlet. Consens. Eccles. Catholacontra Trid. De Gratia c. 8. Vide Gerhardi Patrologiam. p. 600. usque ad 606.He is the great Dictator of the Schools.

For his profound Learning and great piety, he is commonly called in the Popish School Divus Thomas, because he was canonized by Pope John the 22. Doctor Angelicus ob acumen ingenii.

He was a great maintainer of the Authority of the Bishops of Rome.

Upon whose Scholastical Works by Popish Divines, are published as many Commentaries, as upon the holy Scripture, and his Summes are more frequently read in their Schools and Academies, then the Bible it self; yet he when he was near his end, taking the Bible, is said to have uttered this speech, Credo quicquid in hoc libro scriptum est, I believe whatsoever is written in this book.

It is said, he got his knowledge rather by prayer then labour and industry, therefore he would still pray before he did write, reade or dispute.

He was so intent upon his studies, that supping at Court with Lewis the French King, whilst others were discoursing of pleasant matters, he was so deep in his Meditation, that forgetting himself, he strook the Table with his hand, saying, Jam conclusum est contra Manichaeos, Now it is concluded against the Ma­nichees.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones, hath these verses of Thomas Aquinas.

Cedite Pythagorae qui dogmata vana putatis;
Redditus in terris alter Aristoteles.

He was more then 1200 years after Christ, and was both overwhelmed with the corruption of his time, and wholly wedded to the See of Rome. B. Bils. Differ. betw. Christ. Subject. and unchrist. Rebel.

Aratus an ancient Poet, there is nothing of his but his Phoenomena which Tully translated into Latine.

Archimedes the Syracusan Mathematician. See of him Plin. Natural. Hist. l. 7. c. 37. and Plutark of Marcellus and himself.

God would have some singular, Idea, as it were, to be in all Arts, which all that are studious of that Art should propound to themselves to imitate, as De­mosthenes and Tully in eloquence, Hippocrates and Galen in Physick, Archimedes in the Mathematicks. He had an admirable Genius or wit for the Mathe­maticks, and by study he perfected it. He did so bend his thoughts that way, that he almost neglected other necessaries. If he were at any time led [Page 119] to the Bath by his servants, he would make figures in the ashes, and upon his anoin­ted body. Ram. Schol. Mathem. l. 1. Ob deprehen­sum in aurea regis corona, aurificis fur­tum nudus è balneo profi­liit, totaque urbe corporis immemor, animi memor exclamavit [...]. Describendis quarundam Machinarum figuris tam attentus erat inpulvere, ut tumultum captae urbis non senserit. Rami Orat. de sua professione. Sepulcro ipsius columella imposita fuit cum sphaerae figura & Cylindri, ut apud Ciceronem legere est l. 5. Tusculanarum. Quod inter opera ejus hic tractatus nobilissimus ac subtilissimus habitus esset, ideo monumento ejus insculpta sphae­rae ac Cylindri figura: ita Sophoclis tumulo veteres insculpendam curarunt Antigones vel Electrae statuam, quod in his tragediis componendis seipsum superasset ac primatum inter caeteros obtineret. Salmas. Plinian. exercitat.

He is said to have composed a Sphere of transparent glasse, representing unto the life the whole frame of the Heavens, wherein the Sun, Moon and Stars, with their true motions, periods, and limits were shewed to the sight, in such sort, as if it were natural.

Petrus Aretinus, He wrote so well on the Penitential Psalms, Circumfertur & liber de om­nibus veneris schematibus sub ejus nomi­ne: opus dig­num quod cre­metur cum autore. Boissar­di Bibliotheca. that he was called Divine Aretine, yet he hath written very lasciviously in Italian.

He was studiosissimus morum Explorator.

Leonardus Felici qua­dam & foecun­dissima ingenii vi atque bonitate, eloquentiaque pollebat. Primus Graecarum literarum decus à multis saeculis barbarorum immani tyrannide proculcatum erexit, atque restituit. Ut de eo in elogiis doctorum virorum Paulus Joviús refert. Boxhorn. Monum. Illust. Vir. & Elog. Vide Volaterani Anthropol. l. 21. Aretinus, a most learned Historian, Orator and Philosopher, his works are mentioned by Boissard.

Benedictus Aretius inter suos plerisque scriptis editis clarus Thuanus.

His three Works, viz. his Commentary upon the New Testament, his Problems or Common-places, and his Examen Theologicum made his name illustrious.

He was Professour of Divinity at Bern.

Architas Tarentinus.

He was esteemed the rarest Mathematician of his time.

Joannes Argyropylus, Byzantius Pe­ripateticorum sui temporis longe claris­simus. Polit. Miscel. Cent. 1. he was of Constantinople.

He was Politians Master in Philosophy, and a learned Scholar.

He translated some Books of Aristotles more elegantly then faithfully.

Joannes Vir sine dubio summus, omnium quoque esserri laudibus meruisset, nisi manifestae aemulationis reus, ubique-ad censenda veterum scripta nimiam reprehendendi libidinem attulisset. Castellanus De vit. Medic. Argenterius, a learned Physitian, but too forward in censuring Galen and other of the Ancients.

Aristophanes Perpetuus Euripidis ob­trectator, Comicus pure impurus. Herald. Ani­madvers. in Salmat. Observat. Ad Ius Attic. & Rom. lib. 6. cap. 10. a great Comedian.

He was the first that called himself Philologus, as Pythagorus was the first that called himself Philosophus.

Facetissimus quidem sed & obscaenissimus veteris Comaediae scriptor. Dilher. Disput. Acad.

Chrysostom laid him under his pillow.

Gregorius Ariminensis, 1386. Vir (teste Trithemis) tum eruditio­nis tum pieta­tis nomine percelebris, a­deò à Scholasticis dissensit, ut eos asseruerit esse Pelagianis deteriores. In doctrina de gratia Dei & de libero hominis arbitrio rectè nobiscum sentit adversus Sophistas & Pontificios Neopelagianos. Floruit Parisiis circa annum 1350▪ Illyr. Catal. Test. verit. l. 18. Quo nullus ferè est in schola subtilior. Dallans.

A learned and a famous man. He disputed about the Doctrine of Grace and Free-will, as we now, and dissented from the Sophisters and Papists, counting them new Pelagians.

CHAP. IV.

Natus est an­no Olympia. dis XCIX. Castellanus. Quem dubito scientiarerum, an scriptorum copia, an eloquendi suavitate, an inventionum acumine, an varietate operum, Clariorem putem. Quintil. Instit. orat. l. 10. c. 1. Sola regnum tenet passim Aristot­lis Philosophia, ab Alexandro Magno in Graecia, à Carol [...] Magno, in Germania, Gallia, Italia, Hispania, Belgio, authoritatem nacta. Hecreboord. Epist. Sel. ad Select. ex Philos. Disput. Ipsius Authoritas omnia Pulpita, omnes scientiarum aditus eo aevo (utinam non de nostro idem conqueri liceret) adeò occupaverat, ut nefas indicarent, ab ejus placitis latum unguem discedere. Tych. Brah. De Cometa anni 1577. l. 2. c. 6. Primus Aristoteles Philosophiam, à diversis per fragmenta sparsim mutilatimque traditam, in ordinem redegit, ac velut in corpus compegit, ut qui à Poetis ac Rhetoribus orsus, ad Logicen deducit. Eras. Epist. l 28. Epist. 13. Moro. Vide plura ibid. Hic vir singularis, & propè divino praeditus ingenio, Rhetorices libri felicis ingenii monumenta declarant, & plenè ejus laudibus velificantur. Et certè in Ethicis, politicis & oeconomicis, auream habet sapientiae opulentiam, manans ubique leniter sine salebris. Fuit inter aetatis suae philosophos Coryphaeus. Causin. Eloq. Sac. & human. Paralel. l. 1. c. 23. Vide Ludov. Viv. de caus. corrupt. Art. l. 1. & Cl. Gatakeri praeloquium ad Amoninum l. 1. ARistotle he was born at Stagira in Macedon. He was Plato's Scholar, and the chief of the Peripateticks.

Sectam condidit omnium longè nobilissimam, quam Peripateticam voca­runt, eo quòd inter ambulandam artes commentationesque suas discipulis tra­doret. Castellanus de vitis Medicorum.

He was not only the Master and Patriark of Philosophy, Logick and Rhetorick, but also especially learned in Poetry, both in respect of the Art, and the composing of verses. Lil. Gyrald. de Poet. Hist. Dial. 3.

He was Master to Alexander the great, of whom he was much esteemed, for his sake he repaired his Countrey Stagira, being much decayed.

He alone both invented and perfected the whole Art of Logick. Vide Crakanth. Log. l. 4. c. 4. & 16.

Crakanthorpe in his Treatise De Providentia, proves, that Aristotle did not deny Gods Providence, and that the Book De mundo is his.

He is called the Philosopher by an excellency.

Richard Fitzrauf, or Fitzraf Armachanus. 1350.

Episcopus & primas Hyber­niae juris ac Theologiae egregie peri­tus scripsit contra omnes mendicantes. Vixit fermè ante 200 annos. Praecipuè autem reprehendit, quod in mendicatione (quae in validis furti genus est) religionem col­locarent. Contentio ea us (que) ad mortem ejus perducta est, nec unquam vel antea vel postea aut ipse damnatus est, aut Monachi absoluti, Illyr. Catal. Test. verit.Among those famous Clerks that lived in the family of Richard Angervill Bi­shop of Durham in the dayes of Edward the third, Thomas Bradwardine, who was afterward Bishop of Canterbury, Richard Fitzrause afterward Archbishop of Armagh, and Robert Holcot the Dominican were of special note. Richard of Ar­magh my Countrey-men commonly call S. Richard of Dundalk, because he was there born and buried. B. Vsh. Answ. to the Jes. Challenge, of Merits.

He wrote against the Mendicant Friers, and should have been canonized, but for them.

A man for his life and learning so memorable, as the condition of those dayes then served; that the same dayes then as they had but few good, so had they none almost his better. He was first brought up in the University of Oxford in the stu­dy of all liberal knowledge, wherein he did exceedingly profit under John Baken­thorp his Tutor. There were thirty thousand Students in Oxford in his time. Foxes Act. and Monum. Vol. 1. p. 532. to 543.

He wrote seven Books De paupertate Salvatoris, wherein he proves that Christ was not a beggar.

Iacobus Arminius.

He was a learned man, and (as some say) of a strict life for a Dutchman.

He hath written Disputat. 24. de diversis Christianae Religionis capitibus.

Orationes & Controversiae Theologicae.

Examen libelli Guil. Perkinsii. De Praedestinatione & amplitudine gratiae divinae a­nalysis cap. 9. ad Romanos. De gemino sensu cap. 7. ad Romanos.

Amica cum Fr. Junio per literas habita collatio de Pradestinatione.

[Page 121] Arnobius lived in the year of our Lord 300.

He was the chiefest man of his time for Latine eloquence. Rhetorica professione clarus in Afri­ca fuit Arno­bius, circa an­num Christi trecentesium trigesimum, auctore Hiero­nymo. Illyr. Catal. Test. verit. l. 4. He was Lactantius his Master, both of them wrote seven very learned books against the Heathens, consisting of many of their own testimonies produced against them.

Arnoldus de Villa Nova, a Spaniard, a man famously learned, and a great wri­ter, anno 1250. whom the Pope with his spiritualty condemned among Hereticks for holding and writing against the corrupt errours of the Popish Church. Caius de antiqu. Cantab. Acad. l. 1. saith, He lived an. Dom. 1300. when Raimundus Lullius and Roger Bacon flourished in England.

Arianus Fuit Philoso­phus ex Nico­media oriun­dus, atque Adriano ac Antonio imperantibus Romae clarus novus Xenophon cognomento ind [...]atus. Whea. De Meth. leg. Hist. a Greek Historian, very faithfull, he writes the things done by Alex­ander the Great, as Q. Curtius doth in Latine in an elegant style. He imitates Xe­nophon, therefore he is called another and a lesser Xenophon. He wrote well also up­on Epictetus.

Arzahel a great Astronomer.

Asconius Pedianus, a famous Historian.

Roger Ascham In initio regni Philippi & Mariae in tribus solum diebus, 47. diversas Epi­stolas ad 47. diversos prin­cipes, quorum infimi erant. Cardinales, & excogitabat ornatè, & depingebat politissimè E.G. Oratio de vita & obitu Rogeri Aschami. Ad Henricum octavum Anglorum regem elaboratissimum opus ex variis authoribus in lingua Britannica conscripsit. De arte sagittandi Balens De Script. Britan. Cent. 9., Secretary for the Latine to Queen Elizabeth, the only Eng­lishman who hath written a Volume of Latine Epistles, they were published by Doctor Grant.

He was very intimate with Jo. Sturmio, as the Epistles written between them shew, though he never saw him.

Two only of his Books, Toxophylus and his Schoolmaster with a little Tract of his Travels in Germany are published in English.

He flourished in the year of our Lord, 1540.

Aspasia a great Philosopher, she was the Mistresse of Pericles, Rhetoricem exercuit. Non igitur jam Musas, non Sybillas, non Pythias objiciant ve­tusta nobis saecula. Non suas Pythagorei Philosophantes foeminas: non Diotimam Socratici: nec Aspasiam: sed nec poetriam illas Graeca jactent monimenta: Telesillam: Corvinam: Sappho: Amyten: Erinnam: Prax­illam: Cleobulinam: caeteras: credamusque facile Romanis jam Laelii, & Hortensii filias: & Corneliam Graccorum matrem fuisse matronas quantumlibet eloquentissimas scimus hoc profecto: scimus nec eum sexum fuisse à natura tarditatis aut hebetudinis damnatum. Polit. l. 3. Epist. Epist. 17. and at length his wife. Plut. in Pericles.

Angelus Politianus in an Epistle to Cassandra that learned Venetian maid, men­tions Aspasia and many other learned women, and saith, that Sex is not naturally slow or dull. So doth Thevet Vies des hommes illustres in Sappho.

Athanasius Bishop of Alexandria.

He was worthy in honour to be immortal in the Church according to his name. Anno Dom. 340.366 saith Helvicus in Chron. Moritur an. 877. Cum Episcopatum Alexandrinum pace belloque gessisset annis 46. post mul­tiplicia illa pro Ecclesia certamina, quorum similia Episcoporum aut doctorum Ecclesiae, neminem sustinuisse unquam legimus. Geneb. Chron. l. 3.

He was the wonder of all the world for his learning, piety and constancy, stand­ing like an unshaken Rock against the Sea of Arian Errors.

He was called Haereticorum Mallens, and was one of the chiefest in the Councel of Nice.

He foretold the destruction of Julian the Emperour, when by his Edict he was cast out of Alexandria, he said to his hearers bewailing his exile, Bono animo estote filioli nubecula est, brevi evanescet, Be of good courage my children, it is but a little Cloud, and will soon vanish away.

He lived (say some) six years in a Well without the light of the Sun, forsaken of friends, and every where hunted by enemies.

The Great Athanasius; he was Great, for his learning, for his vertue, for his [Page 122] labour, and for his sufferings, but above all Great for his Yet some Learned Di­vines say, it was not Athanasius his, in being not originally Greek, but turned out of Latine, it speaks of the procession of the holy Ghost from the Father and the Sonne. Vide R. Episc. Vsser. praefat. ad Symbola. Creed. B. And. Opusc. Posth. Speech in Star-Chamb against M. Trask.

Is scriptor caetera quidem praeclarus in­conjugium iniquior est. Dallaus de Pseudepig. Apost. l. 2. c. 2. Athenagoras, an Athenian Philosopher, who wrote an Apology for Chri­stians.

Anno Aerae Christ. 162. Calv. 161. Helv. Chron. 170. Bibl. Philos. Scriptor verè [...], undecunque doctissimus: & ut paucis multa complectamur, Grae­corum Varro aut Plinius. Casaub. praefat. ad Animadvers. in Athen. Athenaeus, He lived in the time of Marcus Antoninus the Emperour.

His Works are put out in Greek and Latine by Isaac Casaubone with learned Notes.

Se Aventinum à loco vocavit, quod ejus pa­tria olim A­ventinum dice­retur. Nun­quam sodalitio delectabatur, sed sibi & studiis vixit. In conversa­tione tamen valdè pius & affabilis, in familia ne puero onerosus erat, saepius dicebat: Homo bulla, & nascendo morimur. Pantal. De viris Illust. German. Joannes Aventinus. He was born anno 1466.

Beatus Rhenanus gratulates him to his Germany, and cals him Eruditissimum Aventinum, & variarum cognitione disciplinarum praestantem. Erasmus styles him, Hominem studio indefatigabili ac reconditae lectionis, his just Epitaph styles him, Re­rum antiquarum indagatorem sagacissimum, No man in his History can tell his Re­ligion.

He wrote ten Books of Germany illustrated; of which see the heads in Neander his Geog. parte 1 a, and the Titles in Gesners Bibliotheca.

Averroes Anno Aerae Christianae 1152. Helv. Chron. Philo­sophus insignis, qui & ob ingenii praestantiam Commentatoris est nomine hodiéque cohonestatus. Biblioth. Hisp. Tom. 2. Averroës Philosophorum inter Arabes princeps, magni Commentatoris nomine superbus (quem, si per Latinae linguae liceret genium, Commentorem aut Commentorem verius quis dixerit, tot nobis commenta reliquit) singula Aristotelis verba divina esse oracula, arbitratus est. Heerboord. Epist. Dedicat. ad Select in Philos. Disput. Inter Arabas praecipui medici sunt Avicena, Rhazes, Averrboës, Avenzoar, Mesue, Serapio, & Alsabaravina. Qui delectantur fusa & polydaedala varietate remediorum, Avicennam amplectantur: Cuncta enim hujus aevi remedia ex eo manant. At Razes utilis illis, qui efficacem & contractam medicinam amant, hic centum annos medicinam fecit. Hunc Vesalius paraphrasi eleganter decoravit. Heurn. Dissert. De studio medicinae. a Physician at Corduba in Spain, a Commentator upon Aristotle.

He flourished in that time when Gratian the Monk, Peter Lombard, and Peter Comestor flourished.

Avicenna De Religio­ne suspectus est, quod de rebus ad alte­ram vitam spectantibus philosophicè argutandi casque aliter ac sonant verba interpretandi audaciam sibi sumpserit. Ita, si bene memini, a docto apud illos quodam cui ejus istis de rebus sententiae mentionem injaci, responsum accepi. Pocock. Not. Miscel. ad Portam Mosis c. 7. è stirpe regia, he was also a famous Philosopher and Physician of Cor­duba, anno Christi 1002. Averroes and he were two famous Arabians.

Besides Physicks, he wrote a Metaphysick also, much esteemed of.

An. D. 4326. natus erat. Anno à Chri­sto 355 Caluis. Chronol. 393. Helu Chronol. Erasmus praef. ad Tom. 7. operum Au­gust. vocat. Augustinum incomparabilem Ecclesiae doctorem & invictum propugnatorem. Solidiffimi judicii vir, & in fidei dogmatibus disceptandis princeps. Montacut. Antidiat. Augustine Bishop of Hippo.

Bishop Andr. in his Opusc. Post. de Decimis cals him Decus Aphricae.

He was the most accomplished that ever writ since the dayes of the Apostles. Kellets Miscel. lib. 1. cap. 8. Dr. Field hath the like of him, De Eccles. lib. 3. cap. 32. p. 170. B. Vsher also ascribes as much to him. Magnum est ejus in Ecclesia nomen. Whitak. de sacr. Script. Controv. 16. Quest. 6. His name is great in the Church of God.

[Page 123]He is the most Doctrinal among the Ancient Fathers.

The Doctrine of S t Augustine was approved anciently by the Catholick Church, and till this new fangled age generally and commonly allowed and embraced both by the Romanists, and by the Protestants. B. Dav. Animadvers. upon Gods Love to Mankind, p. 103.

His Works are published in magno folio in ten Tomes, purged by Erasmus.

It is pity that so great a Pillar of the Church was no better skilled in the Origi­nals Nec Hebrai­ce scribit Au­gustinus & Graece minus quam medio­criter. Lod. Viv. in August. De Civit. Dei. l. 15. c. 13. Unus Aurelius Augustinus, vir tantus, retractationum libros reliquit, simpliciter ac bona fide, quem nullus est ad hoc tempus imitatus, viz. mansueto vir ingenio, & modicè de seipso [...]entiens. Lud. Viv. De caus. corrupt. Art. l. 1. Vide Polit. Miscel. Cent. 1. c. 1. of the sacred Tongue.

He was famous for two of his Works especially, his b Retractations, which are the Confessions of his errours, and his Confessions, which are the Retractations of his life.

In Ludovicus Vivet his time, there was none that. had imitated him in such a work of Retractations.

Bellarmine hath since wrote a Book of Recognitions, wherein he makes some things worse. Vide Casaub. Epist. ad Front. Duc. p 39.

He doth the most accurately of any handle the Controversie de Gratiâ against the Pelagians, yea and against the Papists.

He confutes the Brownists in his Book against the Donatists; and the Socinians, in that De Vtilitate Credendi.

He defended the truth against whatsoever errour prevailed in his age:

His Book de Doctrina Christiana is a good Body of Divinity.

His Books de Civitate Dei are full of humane learning.

Some most dislike, amongst Augustines interpretation of Scripture, his Exposi­tion on the Psalms, though it be full of excellent matter.

Nunquam infelicius in Scripturis sanctis versatus, quam in Psalmorum enarra­tione. Smeton. ad Hamile.

He died in the 76 year of his Age.

Antonius Augustinus very skilfull in all Ecclesiastical Antiquity, History, Vir ad mira­culum doctus, cui jus utrum­que Civile & Canonicum suam purita­tem & nitorem praesertim de­bet. D r Duck De Authorit. Jur. Civil. Roma­norum. l. 1. c. 7. Qui politioris literaturae ac antiquitatis rara cognitio­ne sibi in Ita­lia comparata, & juris Romani ac postremo Pontificii exquisita scientia meruit, ut Romae inter XII. viros litium judicandarum à Pontifice cooptaretur; inde Alifanius primum, dein Ilerdensis in Hispania Episcopus creatus, multa in Italia dum fuit, & postea in patria ad aeternam memoriam victura monumenta edidit, sive edenda Falnio Ursino commisit. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 4. l. 84. and in the ancient Law, a great light of Spain.

Tarraconensis Archiepiscopus, vir Romanaerum antiquitatum, & melioris littera­turae peritissimus. Merul. Cosmog. part. 2. l. 2.

The History of the Councell of Trent mentions him, l. 6. p. 494, 495. Antonius Augustinus Bishop of Lerida, an Antiquary, &c.

There are several Epistles of Manutius to him, Epist. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. wherein he much commends him.

Divers of his Works are published, mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue, and more fully in the Oration of Andreas Schottus in Funere Ant. Augusti.

His four Books Emendationum Juris he published when he was scarce twenty five years old. Qui libellus, si molem spectes, in speciem exiguus; sin rerum utilitatem, ponderumque momenta, sinuosii aliorum voluminibus anteponendus. And Scot. Orat. in fun. Ant. August.

Ioannes Auratus.

He was much respected by Charles the ninth King of France, the Regi­us Professour for Greek in Paris, and the chiefest Poet of his time. He was most skilfull in Latine and Greek, Ronsard Bayfius and Bellay were his Scho­lars.

Some of his Poems are published,

[Page 124]
Auratam nemo te dicat, magne Poeta,
Aurea namque tibi Musa lepósque fuit.
Papir. Masson.

Fuit patria Burdegalensis, quae Gallia­rum adhuc est [...]ivitas, Chri­stianus quidem fuit, ut ejus versibus facilè colligimus: sed petulantior ramen & lasci­vior, quā ut in­ter Christianos numerari dig­nus sit. Floruit imprimis Gratiano & Valentiniano Augustis imperantibus: quin & Gratiani ipsius magister fuit, à quo & consulatu & consulari dignitate ornatus est. Lil. Gyrald. De Poet. Histor. Dial. 10. Vide Jodoc. Sincer. Itin. Galliae Append. p. 447. Anno Christi 379. Calvis. Chron. Decius Ansonius, A French Poet of Burdeaux, as himself shews,

Burdegallia est mihi natale solum,
Vbi mitis est Coeli clementia.

He wrote this of himself,

Diligo Burdegalam, Roman colo, civis in hâc sum,
Consul in ambabus —

He was Master to Gratian the Emperour, by whom he was made Consul. He was very skilfull in Greek and Latine; he wrote many things in Prose and Verse.

His saying was Beatum esse non qui habet quae cupit, sed qui non cupit, quae non habet. He is blessed not which hath the things which he desires, but who doth not desire the things which he hath not. Therefore the Aquitanes did boast of him, Quemadmodum Ausonius neminem sibi proposuit imitandum: ita Ausonium nemo nunc potest imitari. As Ausonius propounded none to himself to imitate, so no man can now imitate him. Scis quam non vulgaris eruditio sit in pocmatis Ausonii. Jos. Scalig. N. M. in opusc.

Azo a Bononian, he brought a great light to the Laws: Odofredus and Accursius were his Scholars.

Azorius, a learned Jesuite. His Institutiones Morales are published in three Volumes. He hath gone over the ten Commandments in Case-Divinity.

Novarrus Canonistarum facilè princeps Papae poeni­tentiarius. Molin. Hyperas­pistes. Mart. ab Azpilzenta, who also is commonly called Doctor Navarrus, or Na­varrus.

The honour of Navarre, D r Halls Advertisement to the Reader at the end of the second E­dition of hic Practical Case of Conscience Resolut. Vir fuit non modò summa sanctimoniâ, ac pietate praeditus; sed etiam animi dotibus, & conscientiae candore mirificè exornatus. Thomas. Illust. Vir Elog. Vide plura ibid. Martinus ab Aspilcueta doctor Navarrus dictus, quod paternum & maternum genus ex Navarra duceret, qui Salman­ticae primum, d [...]n Conimbricae per multos annos jus Pontificum magna non solum eruditionis, sed pietatis ac sin­ceritatis fame professus est, innumeris & summae authoritatis in eo genere editis monumentis; vir praeter eas, quas laudavi in eo virtutes, constantia & fide praestans. Thuan. Hist. Tomo qu [...]rto lib. 84. Homo probus, & in casibus, quos vocant, conscientiae examinandis, de quibus & omnium peritissime scripsit, versatus. Id. ibid. Martinus ab Aspilcueta, & Didacus Covarruvim ambo Hispani & magni nominis Jurisconsulti. Thuan. Tom. 5. lib. 108. Martinus Azpilzenta at ninety years finished the fourth Edition of that his elaborate Manual of Cases of Conscience.

He was very dear to three of the Popes, Pius Quintus, Gregorius Decimus tertius, and Sixtus Quintus, so that they would not use any other Counsel­lour in iis dijudicandis, quibus conscientia constricti tenemur. Jani Nicii Eri­thraei Picanotheca. He had many famous Scholars, among which Didacus Covar­ruvias was one.

CHAP. V.

B

ROger Bacon was notable and famous in his time, Insignis ille Mathemati­cus, & vir, ul­tra, sane quam seculum suum tulerit, doctus, Rogerus Baco­nus Oxonien­sis & minorita Seld. de Diis Syris Syntag. 1. c. 2. Caput ex aere conflatum ab eruditissimo Rogero Bachone est in ore nostratis vulgi, sed non sine injuria in illius mathesin, quam sommam & à daemonum praestigiis puram monstrant satis illius opera quotquot nos legisse contigit. Id. ibid. Ro­gerii Bachonis in Magia, adhuc multa extant quae magna infamia Christiani nominis leguntur, & exercentur, deberent enim quam primum aboleri, ut quae nihil aliud contincan [...] quàm daemonum cultum. Omnibus equidem [...]aec dico communiter: Sed privatim Anglis nonnullis, à quibus scio asservari: Caetera taceo. Rob. Constant. Nomen Clat. Insig. Script. Primos adolescentiae annos Oxonii in rebus dialecticis ac Philosophicis exegit: unde ingenium per se foelix, quasi accepto à Cote novo acumme, foelicius reddidit. Accessit ei in Mathesi peritia in­credibilis, sed absque Necromantia: quamvis ea à multis infametur. Baleus Script. Britan. Cent. 4. Ita diligenter in omnis generis autoribus versatus fuit, ut sui seculi unicum plane miraculum diceretur. Tanta in Mathesiperitia quanta ne nostra quidem tempora quantumcunque aurea & felicia consecuta sunt. Johan. Lelandi Antiquarii Doctissimi Collectanea de viris Illust. MS. in Biblioth. Public. Oxoniens. and in all respects compa­rable then with the best. He was able to judge of the Latine, Greek and Hebrew Tongues, as appears by his Book De Idiomate Linguarum. B. Jewels Defence of his Apol. part. 4. c. 15. Divis.

He was a famous Mathematician, and most skilfull in other Sciences.

He was also very skilfull in the Hebrew and Greek, as the Greek and Hebrew Volumes yet extant long ago written with his own hand do abudantly witnesse. Twine Apol. Acad. Oxon. l. 3.

He hath a Manuscript, entituled Opus magnum, to shew, that all Sciences con­duce to the understanding of the Scripture.

Sir Francis Bacon. He is called by one, the Aristotle of our Nation. His History of Henry the 7 th is highly estee­med.

He cals Philosophy some where his darling, as I remember.

His learned writings shew his great parts.

Peireskins often lamented that he went not to him when he was at Paris. Gassend. de vita Peireskii. l. 6.

John Baconthorpe Averroista­rum princeps Baleus. Talis ille erat, in omni bo­narum artium genere, qua­lem nec antè nec post habebat Anglia, ex omni medicantium Monachorum cumulo. Baleus De Script. Brytan. Cent. 5. Praeter hos etiam duos Bacones, alius erat, Johannes, Rogeri frater, princeps ea aetate Theologorum, qui viginti se­ptem libris Testamentum Novum illustravit, quem eundem esse arbitror, cujus alia erudita opera Baconthorpié nomen adsciverunt. Wake Rex Platon. Trithemius and others call him Bacon.

Judocus Badius Ascensius, the most famous Philosopher, Rhetorician and Poet of his time.

Erasmus in his Cicerònian Dialogue compares him with Budaeus the ornament of France. He hath commented upon Tullies Offices and Epistles, and Boethius de Consolat. Philos.

Paul Bain a judicious Divine, as his Exposition on Eph. 1. and other works shew.

Rod. Anglus, Epis­copus Lichfel­densis & Co­ventrensis, vir melior an do­ctior non facilè dixerim He­braicas literas regio stipendio Lutetiae pub­licè docuit. Caius de Ant. Cantab. Aca­demiae l. 1. Bainus, a Learned Englishman Professour at Paris.

Jo. Bale Antiquitatum Britannicarum diligentimssimus perscrutator. Godwinus de Conversione Britanniae ad Christianam Religionem. Impotentis linguae & calami plerunque scriptor, sed in multis non rejectitius. Montacut. Appar. 1. Bishop of Ossory in Ireland in King Edward the sixths time, and one of the first English Preachers of Protestantism in time of King Henry.

Dr. Humfrie in his Prophesie of Rome hath these verses,

Plurima Luterus patefecit, Platina multa:
Quaedam Vergerius, cuncta Baleus habet.

He hath written fourteen Centuries of the Englishmen that were famous in Learning and vertue.

An Apology against a rank Papist, and a brief Exposition upon the 30 th Chapter of the Book of Numbers. Notes on Bonners Articles, and of Popish Votaries.

[Page 126] Franciscus Balduinus. He was a Lawyer at Genevah, but fell off from the Pro­testant Religion to Popery. Duarum ma­ximarum sci­entiarum ut erat memoria propè divina, summos apices complexus est, Juris Civilis & Historiae. Dicere enim solebat & scripto edito, ut posteritas exaudire posset, pro­fessus est, Historiam cum Juris­prudentia con­jungi oportere, hanc sine illa caecam videri. Auberti Miraei Elog. Belg. Adfuit morienti, quin etiam usus erat familiariter, Joannes Maldonatus Baeticus. Soc. Jesu Theologus praestantis­simus. Id. ibid. Vide Selv. Samarth. Elog. Gal. & vitam ejus in Melch. Ad. Calvin and Beza wrote against him, and he against them.

Balduinus nunquam gustavit de brodio juris nisi primoribus labris, unde meritò juris dolor non doctor habebatur. Quinimo multis vicibus appellatus est Doctor ne­cessitatis, hoc est sine legibus: quia necessitas non habet legem. Strigills Papirii Masson.

Paschasius hath this Epitaph of him,

Franciscus jacet ille Balduinus,
Mirum quàm varius, sub hoc sepulehro:
Nam quicquid tibi proferebat aetas,
Quicquid pagina sacra vel profana,
Pulchrè calluit: unus inter omneis
Consultissimus utriusque juris,
Anceps ut patria haesitarit illum
Baldum diceret, anne Balduinum.

He hath published divers books: One De Historiae cum jurisprudentia cognatione. Another De Legibus 12 Tab. Com. ad Leges de famosis libellis & de Calumniatori­bus, with others.

Baldus Perusinus, a famous Lawyer; he was the hearer and Scholer of Bartho­lus, Is generis splendori ad­jecit doctriná excellentem in Jurispru­dentiae studio; & aliis libe­ralibus disci­plinis: auditor enim fuit Bartholi de Saxoferrato: praeceptorique non cessit scientiarum cognitione. In Patria docuit summa cum laude & eruditoru [...] frequen [...]ia, qui andique Perusium confluebant ad illum audiendum. Pervenit ad annum aetatis septuagesimum sexrum. Sepeii [...]i voluit amictus habitu S. Francisci, ratus id plurimum ad animae salutem con­ducere. Quod etiam à R [...]dolpho Agricola factitatum tradunt, & ab aliis multis. Bo [...]ssardi Icones. & Boxhorn. Monum. Illust. Vir. & Elogia. Vide vitam Longohi. and Master to Gregory the 11 th before he was Pope.

His brother Angelus Perusinus almost equalled him both in Learning and Wri­tings in the same Faculty.

He flourished in the year of our Lord 1346.

He wrote Commentaries upon the whole body of the Civil Law, and after that he professing the Civil Law for 47 years got a great fame.

Bernardinus Baldus Vrbinas, a great Artist and Linguist.

Vir undecunque doctissimus: cujus utinam omnia lucem vidissent. Gerard. Joan. Vos. Ars Histor. c. 9. Vide Jani Nicii Erythraei Picanothecam.

John Ball a holy and learned Divine, who lived by faith, having but a small maintenance.

He was of Brasen-nose in Oxford.

His Books of Living by Faith, of the Covenant, and those against Cam, and others, shew his great Abilities.

Jo. Ludovicus Gayus Balzacus, celebris ille scilicer, cui nemo non Gallicè modò, sed Latinè etiam scribentium elegantiae palmam non facilè cedat. Gassend. de Vita Peireskii l. 6. Son stile s' accomode tellenient à la capacité de subjects si agreables, que ses maximes politiques peunent estre pour les femmes, & ses lettres d' amour pour les Philosophes. Apologie Pour M. De Balzak. Vir ingenio Compto & Gallicae eloquentiae laude clarus, Balzacus, sed in religione plus quam infans. Molin. praerat. ad Hyperaspist. Balsac, an eloquent Frenchman.

Theodorus Bal­samon 1180. juris consultus & Theologus, Antiochenus postmodum Patriarcha (sed nomine tenus, nam Latini adhuc Antiochia potiebantur) multa scripsit. Theodore Balsamon Patriarch of Antioch. He and Zonaras were the chief of the Greek Canonists.

Dominicus Alicubi ait se in extrema senectute Ebraeam linguam didicisse, ne amplius ab haereticis rideretur. Amama Paeranes. ad Protest. de excitendis linguarum studiis. Bannes, a famous Dominican.

[Page 127] Gulielmus Barelaius, William Barclay: He published these books,

De potestate Papae in Principes Christianos.

Contra Monarchomachos.

Com. in Tit. Pandectarum de rebus creditis & de jure jurando Oeglissemii. Judicium de examine cum Buchanano.

Joannes Barclaius, a Learned French man.

There is his Paraenesis ad Sectarios, and his Pietas.

His Argenis and Euphormie.

Franciscus Barbarus Venetus, Vtraque lingua eruditus: Patriarcha & Archiapi­scopus Aqui­leiensis, & Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalis. Boissard. Icon. scripsit de re uxoriae li­bellum: orationes quoque & Epistolas nonnullas. Volatter. Anthropol. l. 21.

Hermolaus Barbarus, Francisci ex fratre nepos, a Venetian by Nation; Hermolaus ille, omnium scientiarum alumnus idem ac parens. Jul. Scalig. ad [...]rnoldum Perronum Orat. Anno 1494, obie­runt tria li­terariae rei­publicae lumi­na, Hermolaus Barbarus Pa­triarcha Aqui­leiensis, Ange­lus Politianus vir eloquentissimus, Joan. Picus Mirandulae Comes, summus Philosophus Geneb. Chron. l. 4. Vir in divinis Scripturis studiosus & in secularibus literis eruditissimus Philosophus, rhetor, poeta, astronomus & geometer celeberrimus, Graeci ac Latini sermonis peritissimus ingenio subtilis, eloquio disertus, vita ac conversatione devotus atque praeclatus, talis ac tantus evasit ut secundum non reliquerit. Trithem. de Script. Eccles. Vide Polit. Epist. l. 12. Epist. 10. & Pier. Valer. de Litteratorum in felicitate l. 1. one of the great restorers of Learning. Gloria erat nobilitatis Venetae, & sui saeculi splen­dor Boissard. Barbariae suo tempore victor, solidam sibi apud erudito gloriam peperit, & victurum omni aevo nomen. Salmas. Praefat. ad Plinian. Exercitat.

Ardeo cupiditate juvandi recta studia. Nullus est tam magnus labor, nullum munus in literis tam sordidum quod defugiam. Polit. Epist. l. 1. Epist. Hermolaus Barbarus Angelo Politiano. Vide Miscel. Cent. 19. c. 10.

Etenim summo loco natus: amplis opibus innutritus: egregiis honoribus perfun­ctus: & fastigium disciplinarum prope omnium tenes, & professores ac studiosos ar­tium bonarum: quamvis humili fortuna plerun (que) sumus: ita complecteris & amas: ut aeque cunctis tuae quasi majestatis fasces ac vexilla submittas. Polit. Epist. l. 1. Epist. 12. Politianus Hermolao Barbaro. Homo (ut mihi quidem videtur) unus ex reliquiis aurei seculi, quamvis ipse longè doctior: & non illi sanctiores. Polit. Epist. l. 2. Epist. 8. Vide l. 9. Ep. 4. Vide l. 5. Epist. 1.

Petrus Angelus Bargaeus. Exquisitae doctrinae vir, poeta sum­mus, qui La­tinam & Graecam linguam Pisis publico munere maxima sua cum laude profitetur. Manut. Epist. lib. 7. Epist. 21.

There are these of his works published.

Syrias. Com. de obelisco Votinum Carmen in D. Catharinam.

Petrus Baro.

Martinius in his Preface to his Hebrew Grammer makes honourable mention of him. In primis verò haec excipiet Cantabrigiensis Academia, lumen Angliae, cum aliis nominibus mihi chara, tùm quòd Petrum Baronem habet Theologiae professorem, mihi jam inde ab adolescentiae conjunctissimum.

Hadrianus Solus Bar­landus, poli­tioris litera­turae armarium, multum decoris Zelandiae suae affert; qui quantum in bonis literis possit florentissima Lovani­ensium Academia tecum novit. Noviomagi Epistola de Zelandiae situ. Tersa Latinae linguae dictione histo­riae, praesertim patriae, scribendae cupidus, praeter Chronologiam ab orbe condito ad annum usque sui seculi XXXII. Brabantiae Ducum, Hollandiaeque Comitum, & ultra jectinensium Praesulum res gestas conscripsit. Sed & litteratos urbis Romae Imperatores, & Venetorum Duces, post Ans. Sabellica, cujus lectione impensius delectatus, aemulum se praebuit, literis consignavit. Auberti Miraei Elog. Belgica. Barlandus, a Learned Dutchman, who hath written severall Works.

Casparus Barlaeus.

Dubium poeta melior, an Philosophus. Vossius de Arte Grammat. l. 1. c. 3.

There are Poems published of his, Athenaeum, Dissertatio de bono Prin­cipe.

Caesar Baronius was born in Naples, he was the Popes Confessor. Misit in aevo­rum perennita­tem Annalium

He hath made a long and learned Collection of Ecclesiasticall story, and dige­sted [Page 128] it into a good method, and will be usefull for a distinct comprehension of Ec­clesiasticall story. Ecclesiastico­rum Tomos 12 spissum opus & opero­sum cui glo­riosè immor­tuus est, Tom. 12 à decessu ipsi­us edito. Nomencl. Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalium. Quis inter Pontificios celebrior author Baronio, & magis factus ad Papae natum. Molin Hyperaspist. Adeo Baronius imprimis quo Monarchiae Papeli consuleret, desudavit, ut in hac materia, septuaginta septem erroribus ac maculis Scripturam, Patres, Chronologiam turpissimè faedaret. Vedel. Epist. Dedicat. ad Comment. de Tempore utriusque Episcopatus S. Apost. Petri. Romanenses id agunt, ut pro omnibus Ecclesiasticarum rerum scriptoribus unum imperitis obtrudant Baronium. Casaub. Epist. 205. Cui in historia texenda, iste videtur unicus esse propositu scopus, ut quaecunque fabulae faciunt ad Papismi Commo­dum, eas suo nomine confirmet. Chamierus.

But he was no Grecian, and is not much to be trusted; for

1. He makes use sometimes of spurious authours, and gives them for faithfull witnesses.

2. He indeavours by all means to advance the Popes Supremacy.

He is the Papists great Champion for Ecclesiasticall history, as Bellarmine is for Controversies; they esteemed him the Father of Church-story.

Alsted cals Baronius his Annals the Tower of Babel, and Bellarmines books of Controversie Goliahs sword.

Illustrissimus Cardinalis Baronius cui intima totius vetustatis penetralia tam erant cognita & familiaria, quam est mihi domus mea. Montacut. Apparat. Vide ejus praefat. ad Apparat.

Annales suos amplius quadraginta annorum studio elucubravit. Rainold. Vide Whear. Meth. Leg. Hist. parte 2 da, Sect. 44.

Spondanus hath epitomized that Voluminous work, he follows Baronius too su­perfluously in asserting the Popes omnipotency, else it is well done.

Justus Baronius.

Calvins name is so odious to the Papists, that he ran from Mentz to Rome to change his native name of Calvinus into the adoptive of Baronius. B. Mort. Epist. Dedicat. to his Appeal.

Robertus Baronius, a Learned Scotchman, as his Works Philosophia Theologiae ancillans Dis­putatio Theo­logica de for­mali objecto fidei. Apo­logia pro dis­putatione de formali obje­cto fidei. Disputatio Theologica de peccata Mortali & Veniali cui Annexa est Appendix de possibilitate implendi le [...]m Metaphysicas. Generalis. shew.

Arthur Johnston hath these verses of William Forbes and Robert Baronius, Divines of Aberdene.

Nil, quod Forbesio, Christi dum pascit ovile
Nil, quod Baronio comparet orbis habet.
Eloquio sunt ambo pares, discrimen in uno est,
Quo lubet, hic mentes pellicit, ille rapit.

Gul. Sallustius Bartassius, an excellent French Poet. Ille Poetarum Gallicorum Coryphaeus Sallustius, Perillustre inter hujus saeculi Poetas nomen me­ruit, proxi­mumque à Ronsardo nostro locum tenere à mul­tis existima­tur. Stylum ejus tanquam nimis crebrò figuratum, tumidum & vasconciè am­pullatum, Critici quidam reprehendunt. Ego qui hominis Candorem novi, & familiariter cum eo saepius collo­cutus sum, possum testari nihil simile in ejus moribus deprehendisse. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. Vide Scaev. Samar. Gallorum doctrina illust. Elog. p. 109. Barthasii Dominus, Cains poëmata apud exteros etiam in lau­de sunt. Waseri Comment. ad Mithrid. Gesneri. He is translated into many lan­guages. He may be read in Latine, French, Italian, Dutch, English.

Pasquier Recherches de la France, l. 7. c. 11. shews that the French Poets imita­ting the Latine, have often equalled, and sometimes exceeded them. He instan­ceth in the description of the old Chaos by Ovid, and compares with it that of Du Bartas, and in some verses of Virgils and Rousards: Although (saith he) some would blame du Bartas his style as too swelling, yet his work hath been very well liked, not only for the worthy subject which he praiseth, but also for his learning, fine Discourses, pithy strains, and proper deductions which accom­pany it.

Antoine du Verdier in his Bibliotheque much commends him.

[Page 129] Gasp. Barthius, immortale Germaniae ornamentum, Dilh. Disput. Acad.

He hath written Commentationem de Lat. Linguae Scriptoribus, and Adversario­rum Com. l. 60.

Clarissimum illud Germaniae lumen Barthius incomparabili Adversariorum opere. Dilh. Disput. Acad. Tom. 2.

Bartolus de Saxoferrato was born in the year of our Lord 1303. some say 1309. Obiit celebris ille juriscon­sultus Bartho­lus de Saxo­ferrato, Ma­thematum & Hebraicarum quoque literarum peritus. Geneb. Chron. Pisis interdum & Perusii magna auditorum frequentia & laude docuit jus civile, ejus autoritas magna erat per toram Italiam propter soliditatem consiliorum quibus res principum adju­vabat. Boxhorn. Monum. Illust. Viror. & Elog.

Being but 21 years of age, he proceeded Doctor of the Civil Law with the ap­plause of all, saith Pasquier Recherch de la France, l 8. c. 14.

In jure primas, comparatus caeteris, Partes habebit Bartolus, Alciate.

He had a Coat of Armour given to him by the Emperour Carolus Quartus, Carolus quar­tus Leonem illi dedit ru­brum, duabus instructum caudis, in campo sive aequore aureo constitutum, quod quidem deinceps ad Bartoli posteros diffundebatur. Frausi. l. 2. De Armis. Vide plura ibid. of whose prime Councels he was, and is the first of Gown-men whom we shall readi­ly finde (as I beleeve) that had honour done unto him in that kinde, which was but in the year of our Lord God, 1347. The Elements of Armories c. 24.

Basilius Magnus, Anno Dom. 370 whose Greek Epistles, Praestantissi­mus est in li­bris omnibus. Pura enim dictione sig­nificante, propria, & omnino civili ac panegyrica, siquis alius uti novit: sensuque ordine ac puritate primus, & nemini secundus apparet. Photii Biblioth. p. 318. Divus Basilius vir optimo jure dictus Magnus, sed Maximi cognomine dignior. Simulac contigit audire Christianum Demosthenem imò caelestem oratorem sua lingua loquentem, sic animum meum totum percolit, inflammavit que verè flexamima divinitus afflati Praesulis eloquentia ut mihi nihil prius curandum duxerim quam ut inaestimabilis hic thesaurus in utilitatem typis evulgaretur. Eras. Epist. lib. 28. Epist. 7. Jacobo Sadoleto Vide totam Epistolam, & lib. 26. Epist. 33. and very many Greek books are published in one Volume.

Quem nulla unquam aut sententia aut verbo errasse communis Graecorum patrum consensus affirmat. Sixt. Senens. Biblioth. Sanct. l. 4.

He was brother to Gregory Nyssene, and a most familiar friend (saith Sixtus Senensis loco citato) to Gregory Nazianzene, and John Chrysostom.

But he was afore Chrysostom. He was called Basil the great for his admirable wit, as Gregory Nazianzene for his excellent knowledge in the Scriptures was term­ed the Divine.

His Hexameron is very much esteemed, followed so much by Ambrose. He was honoured by the Ancients with this Elogium [...].

He was the light of the Greek Church, whom the Hereticks could never shake; yea at whose vertue the hand of the Arian Emperour did shake, when he would have subscribed to his banishment, and that in such sort that he left off his purpose utterly.

Basilius Bishop of Sileucia.

He lived about the year 360, Hic potiùs Basilius, quam Magnus ille Caesareae Episcopus videtur. Beatissimi Chrysostomi amicus ille, & Contubernalis fuisse, ad quem etiam librum de Sacerdotio scriptum miserit. Photii Biblioth. p. 378. saith Pezel. Refutat. Catech. Jesuit. 361. Helv. Chron. 460. B. Vsh. Catal.

Dominicus Baudius, an elegant Poet.

Amicus noster dum viveret, & quando Dordrechtum diverteret hospes suavissimus, Dominicus Baudius, poeta item elegantissimus & disertissimus. Voss. De Analog. l. 1. c. 42.

Bernardus Bauhusius made a book in praise of the Virgin Mary, Protheum Par [...]heni, cum unius versus librum stellarum numero sive formis 1022. variatum. Swertii Athenae Belgicae. Valeri Andreae Bibliotheca Belgica. by changing one verse a thousand twenty two waies, according to the number of the Starres.

[Page 130] Vnius Libri versus, unius versus Liber is the title of it.

Tot tibi sunt dotes virgo quot sydera caelo.

Some much commend his Theologia Scholastica. Quem unum omnibus Epitomis & introductionibus praeferendum puto ab iis qui solida perspicua & mediocriter compendiosa quaerunt. Vo [...]t. Biblioth. Studios. Theol. l. 2. Martinus Becanus, a Learned Jesuite.

Christ. Libri de lingua Latina elegantissimi ac multiplici doctrina refertissimi. Casaub. Epist. ad eum. Excellentissimus vir, Christianus Book­mannus libro suo de Originibus Linguae Latinae eruditissimo. Crines. Discursus de Confus. Ling. c. 9. Beckmannus, a Learned Linguist.

CHAP. VI.

He flourished Anno Dom. 730. Beda Vene­rabilis ob vitae modestiam nuncupatus. Fuit in Gen­tilium libris tam plenè ex­ercitatus, ut eo seculo vix parem habue­rit. Si Au­gustini, Hie­ronymi aut Chrysostomi temporibus claruistet, non dubito quin potuisset de puritate cum ipsis contendere quòd inter tot superstitionum praestigias tam castos ediderit faetus. Balaeus descript. Brit. Cent. 2 da. Vir moderato sermone suae gentis res gestas conscribens cui sanè ob id plurimum debet posteritas, quod plurima scitu dignissima literarum monumentis tradiderit, quorum memoria (si non retu­lisset) oblivionis nube tegeretur. Brit. Antiquitates. BEda was an English man, born not farre from Dyrrham: He was the Learnedest man of his time, skillfull in Divine and Secular Learning.

Of his rare learning and knowledge his Writings yet extant are a clear and sufficient testimony. He was so great a follower of S t Augustine (the worthiest Pillar of the Church since the Apostles time, as some hold) that his Commentaries upon the Scripture, both of Old and New Testament, are almost word for word out of S t Augustine.

He was a continuall Preacher, as his Homilies do testifie.

He was usually called Venerable Bede, but why, the Monks usque ad ineptias cer­tant, as Lilius Gyraldus saith, De Poet. Hist. Dial. 5. Some of the reasons given for that title are ridiculous. One saith, Pietate & eruditione venerabilis cognomen adeptus est. He was called Venerable for his Piety and Learning. Others say he was called Venerable, because that was the title of Presbyter, and his Homilies were read in his life time, and they calling him then not Saint but Venerable, so called him after his death. Vide Trithem. de Script. Eccles.

Sedulius is likewise styled Venerabilis.

Beda's Works were printed in three Tomes at Paris, An. 1545. and in eight Tomes at Basil, Anno Domini 1563. in Folio, containing four great Vo­lumes.

In omni disciplinarum genere, Graecae etiam atque Latinae linguae gnarus excelluit: Poeta, licet mediocris, Rhetor, Historicus, Astronomus, Arithmeticus, Cosmogra­phus, Philosophus, Theologus, ita eo tempore mirabilis, ut in proverbium apud ejus seculi doctores abierît, Hominem in extremo orbis angulo natum, universum orbem suo ingenio perstrinxisse. Possev. Apparat. Sac. Tomo 1 o.

Coringius in his 3 d Dissertat. de Antiq. Acad. saith it is observable, Sexto septimo atque octavo seculo neminem fere per Italiam, Galliam, Britanniam, Hispaniam (uno verbo) in occidentalis Ecclesiae toto orbe, nomen aliquod scripto libro invenisse, qui non in Monasterio educatus sit atque institutus. Qui inter Britannicos Monachos eminet Beda, idem omnium illius tempestatis per occidentem universum fuit doctissimus. Nos ipsi Germani prima Christianae doctrinae exordia illis caenobitis debemus. Imo de­bemus illis initia omnis culturae melioris, atque eruditionis: sicut & Angli ipsi ac Scoti à Monachis Romanis eam antehac acceperant.

Vir singulari doctrina, Linguarum item Orienta­lium Callentissimus V. Cl. G. Bedwellus. Seld. de Dis Sy [...]is Syntag. 2. c. 4. William Bedwell: He was skilfull in the Orientall Tongues.

He hath put out the Catholick Epistle of John in Arabick with a Preface to it.

[Page 131] William Bedle, a very Learned Bishop of Ireland, but an English man, and Chaplain to Sir Henry Wotton at Venice. Gulielmus Bedellus. See a Commen­dation of him in Sir Henry Wottons Letters. William Biddulph hath written a book of his own Travels.

He hath put into Latine Tr. de Interdicto Pauli 5 ti Ital.

Rob. Bellarmine was born in Politian, Anno Dom. 1542. Natione Ita­lus, scripsit de Controversiis Christianae fidei adversus sui temporis Haereticos. Cardinalis Perronius plu­ris asserit à se illud fieri, quam ullum opus aliud quod vel ab annis mille sit editum pro Ecclesiae defensione. Cardinalis Baronius censet esse propugnaculum & Turrim David, ex qua mille Clypei pendent, & omnis armatura fortium. In Angliae Academiae Cantabrigiensi primùm mox etiam in Oxoniensi nova praelectio instituta est, ad Controversias Bellarmini, si possent, refellendas Bibliotheca Scriptorum Socie [...]at. Jesu à Philippo Alegambe edita Vir erat admirandae industriae, doctrinae, lectionis stupendae Bellarminis: quo ut primus, ita solus immanem illam molem & immensum chaos Controversiarum, stupenda ingenii dexteri faelicitate, artificio singulari excoluit, inordinem redegit confusum prius: accurata di­ligentia & multorum annorum studio eleganter expolivit: praeripuit ille palmam secuturis omnibus & sibi despon­sam vel destinatam cuicunque laudem abstulit. Nam ab illo qui tractant hodie Controversias, ut ab Homero Poetae, sua ferè omnia mutuantur. Montac. praefat. ad Apparatum.

He and Tolet, and of late Lugo only were made Cardinals of the Jesuites.

Mutius Vitelliscus perswading Bellarmine to write his own life (as Fuligat re­ports) at last prevailed with him: He hath this passage there, De virtutibus suis nihil dixit, quia nescit, an ullam verè habeat: De vitiis tacuit, quia non sunt digna quae scribantur, & utinam de libro Dei deleta inveniantur in die Judicii.

Possevine in his Biblioth. Select. tomo 1 o l. 7. c. 4. saith of his four Tomes of Con­troversies, Opus absolutissimum, quòd Controversiarum fermè omnium corpus dici queat.

Gretser in his Preface to his Defence of Bellarmines Controversies also highly magnifies him.

Cardinall D' Ossat in his fifth book of French Letters saith thus of him, Est celuy qui a faict [...]et oeuure incomparable des Controverses pour la Religion Catholique, contre toutes les heresies qui sont auiourd' huyr & qui ont estè au temps passè; & nostre sainct Pere le faisant Cardinal a voulu honorer tant la vertu, & doctrine, & labeur de ce personnage, que le College des Cardinaux. It is he which hath made this In­comparable work of Controversies for the Catholick Religion, against all the heresies of this day and of times past; and our holy Father in making him Cardi­nal, would herein honour, both the Vertue, Learning, and Labour of this Per­son, and the Colledge of Cardinals. Vide vitam Bellarmini à Fuligattio scriptam, l. 2. c. 6.

Robertus Bellarminus è sodali [...]io Jesuitico, opere de Religionis Controversiis cum­primis clarus, Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. l. 12.

Robertus Bellarminus Cardinalis summo vir in Controversiis discutiendis acumine praeditus, & tot polemicis scriptis editis Clarus Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. part. 2. l. 3. Vide Jani. Nicii Eryth. Pinacoth.

Fuligate in the 7 th book 3 d ch. speaking of his death, saith, Fuit in dictis suis, vel ab infantiâ, tam verax, ut non me­minerit sibi excidisse mendacium, aut excusationibus, & ineptiis unquam se veritati latebras obtendisse. Fuligattus in ejus vita. lib. 1. cap. 2. He was called Pater pauperum for his great liberality to the poor. He gave them the third part of his yearly revenew. Ante omnia illud affirmare sit, annui proventus ipsius partem ferè tertiam erogari solitam quotannis in pauperes, Fuligattus in ejus vita. l. 4. c. 3.

He saith thus in his Will, Primum igitur spiritum meum in manus Dei commen­datum toto corde exopto, cui ab adolescentiâ servire desideravi: & precor, ut me inter Sanctos & Electos suos non aestimator meriti, sed veniae largitor admittat.

The only Champion that ever Rome had for eluding evident authorities of Scri­pture. D r Jackson on the Creed, Vol. 1. l. 2. c. 14.

He sometimes sold some of his goods at home, that he might give almes. De­mum quadum die proprium atramentarium argenteolum, ut ditaret inopes, inter pig­nora obligavit. Fuligattus in ejus vita, l. 7. c. 1.

[Page 132] Bellaii tres Fratres omni virtute Cu­mulatissimi; Gulielmus natu maxi­mus, tam marti quam Mercurio, historiam de rebus Gallicis ab ipsa imperii origine ad sua usque tempora tum Latinè tum Gallicè gravissimo stylo persecutus est. Martianus frater junior. Joannes edidit Carminum tres libros, in quibus non ingenii solum & doctrinae, sed generosi etiam animi signa non obscura elucent. Scaev. Samarth. Gallorum doctrina illust. Elog. Joachim Bellay is commended by Antoine Du Verdiet for a famous Poet, and his French Works are mentioned by him in his Bibliotheque. William Bellaye. A man of much honour and vertue, and an especiall ornament of the French Nobility, by reason of his notable Learning, Eloquence, Experience, and singular Aptness in all affairs.

Qui cùm omnium optimarum artium doctrina, summaque ingenii laude praestaret, tamen in libello de Galliae & Franciae antiquitatibus, non Franco gallicae historiae, sed Amadisicarum fabularum instituisse tractationem videtur, Hotomani Franco Gallia c. 4.

Francois de Belleforest, a Learned French Historian.

His Works are mentioned by Antoine Du Verdier in his Bibliotheque.

Petrus Vir magnus & cui mul­tum studiosi omnes debent. Casaub. in Athen. Bellonius.

He hath published Observations, and other Works.

Peter Bembus, Vir sapientissimus, doctissimus, ac eloquentissimus, quod docent tùm Epistolae ejus, Metetanus and Strada have written the Belgick History, Chromerus the History of the Polonians, Petrus Bembus of the Venetians. Illustri dignitate & fama vir fuit: quam tamen Historia sua Veneta apud me non auxit. Jacet in narrationibus vel friget in verbis affectiunculas habet materie aut viro serio parum dignas. Nulla vox nisi ex Tulliano aut Juliano penu: & quae sic dici non possunt (quippe nova vel iis ignota) mito verborum ambitu comprehendit. Ipsa etiam tota scriptio & formulae sic compositae, quasi haec omnia Romae gesta, & republica illustrante. Sunt in quibus indigner, & cum tam curiosè à verbis sibi caverit, reperio alibi, quae non dicam Tulliana non sunt, sed vix Latina. Lips. not. ad 1. Lib. Posit. Stilus est quem reprehendo in Bembi historia, supinus, languidus, & affectata imitatsuncula fractus, Universa scriptio composita & formata ad aevum priscum, & omnia sic de re Veneta quasi de potenti illa re Romana. Lips. Epist. Cent. 2. Epist. 57. Jano Donsae. Emendata locutione cui de mortua quaedam & obso­leta vocabula revocasset & aliqua Italis auribus nova solerier effinxisset, scripsit. Nomenclat. Sanct. Rom. Eccles. Card. tùm caetera scripta erudita. Neand. Geog. parte prima.

Is Ciceronia­nae eloquentiae sedulus admi­rator, & imi­rator extitit, & Historicus suo tempore nulli secundus, anti­quis certè con­ferendus. Boissardi Icon.He hath written a book of Epistles, and twelve books of the Venetian Histories, a book de imitatione sermonis, and Poems.

Beza hath this Epigram upon his history of Venice:

Clara urbi Venetum debes natalia Bembe:
Vrbs eadem clara est munere, Bembe, tuo.
Tu patria foelix, foelix te patria Cive,
Bembe tamen debet patria plura tibi.
Nam mortale fuit patria quod nounus habebat:
At, quam das patriae, vita perennis erit.

He was a Venetian, and a Cardinall: his Life is written by Johannes Casa. His style is disliked by Lipsius and others.

It is no marvell if Lipsius disliked his style, it being nothing like his own, but he was a great Ciceronian, as also was Sadoletus the Cardinall his great friend, and above them both, he who was familiar with them both, Longolius.

Peter Bembus is reported to have said (witnesse George Fabricius and Alexander of Hales in his Commentary upon the 2 d of Tim.) Semel legi Biblia. Quod si ite­rum mihi essent legenda, perderem omnem Latinitatem.

He and Sadoletus were made Cardinals by Pope Paul the 3 d. Vide Bembi Epist. Fam. l. 6. Epist. 3.

Boxhorn Monum. Illust. vir. & Elog. in Sadoletus saith these four Cardinals Learned and good men, Pet. Bembus, Jacobus Sadoletus, Cuspar Contarenus, and Campegius properata morte feruntur occubuisse. are reported to had died an untime­ly death, many are ignorant of the cause, unlesse peradventure (saith he) they were thought to have some familiarity with those which differ from the Roman Religion. The same hath Boissard in his Bibliotheca or Icones.

[Page 133] Vide Sadolet. Epist. l. 2. Pet. Bembo. Petrus Bembus, quem orbis terrarum Can­tat: nec injuria: vixit enim, quantus ei vitae Cursus fuit, in virtute totus: is cum alias coluit Philosophiae partes, tum verò poeticam artem amavit more quodam arden­tissimo, ejusque studium à prima pueritia amplexus, nunquam ne in extrema quidem senectute dimisit. Scripsit autem versus in omni aetate multos, & scripsit omnium ele­gantissime, sic ut Apollo dictasse videatur. Manut. Praefat. ad Torquatum Bembum Petri Filium. In Virgilium.

R. Benjamin a famous Jewish Geographer. Benjamin Judaeus, He­braeus, Hispa­nus, itinerari­um suum Hebraicè de­scripsit, edi [...]um superioribus annis à Benedicto Aria Montano Hispalensi, in quo res memorabiles totum ferè terrarum orbem emensus notatis itineribus, quas vel ipse vidit, vel à fide dignis suae aetatis hominibus accepit, breviter atque di­lucide, ac sic descripsit, ut appareat neminem unquam ex Graecis aut Latinis Geographis extitisse, qui continuato labore & studio tantum itineris inierit & confecerit, totum fere orbem peregrinando emensus, p [...]aeter solas recens nunc repertas occiduas Oceani provincias, quas Americam sive novum orbem dicimus. Neand. Geog.

His Hebrew Itinerary is published cum versione & notis Constantini L'Empereur. Vide ejus Epist. Dedicat.

He was a Spaniard, and died in the year a nato Christo 1173, in that very year, wherein he returned from his voyage.

Antonius Benivenius. He is often quo­ted by Learned Physitians, with­out any exce­ption.

He hath written de morborum mirandis, &c. a book for the bignesse as full of choise observations, as any I have seen, D r Casaub. of Enthus. ch. 3.

Paulus Benius, homo Italus, & (quod nemo non miretur) in Gymnasio nostro eloquentiae Interpres, qui Patavii Patavinum (sc. Livium) aggressus est conviciis proscindere, silentibus omnino civibus nostris, & strenuè condonantibus actionem inju­riarum, quam illi intendere debuerant. Pign. Symbol. Epist. Ep. 44.

Berengarius a Frenchman. He was Deacon of Aniou, 1050. Tempore Leonis Noni, circa 1049. Be­rengarius vir pietate & eru­ditione Clarus Andegavensis Ecclesiae dia­conus, quum videret Ponti­ficios doctores quam plurimos ingenti fastu transubstantiationis fundamenta sternere, quòd mentem Augustini & aliorum veterum non intelligerent, sed Sacramentales & hyperbolicas nonnullas locutiones ad novum sensum inducendum detor­querent, veram sententiam ex orthodoxo consensu repetitam his corruptelis opposuit, & verbo Dei testimoniisque veterum Theologorum refellere conatus est, scriptis etiam & evulgatis libris, ut pii in vera doctrina confirmarentur Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 12. and the first that was counted an heretique for denying of Transubstantiation, and troubled for the same.

When he had professed the truth of the Sacrament, and had stood in the open confession thereof, according to the ancient verity of the Church before, he was so handled with certain malignant and superstitious Monks, that partly by evil in­treaty, and partly for fear of death (such is the weak frailty of man) he began to shrink, and afterward did indeed recant the truth. Foxes Act. and Monum. Tom. 2. p. 456, 457, 458. Vide Matth. Paris. Hist. Angl. p. 16, & 17.

Theuet vies des hommes Illustres, l. 3. saith thus: I'ay unfort long temps demeuré douteux, si en ce mien liure des Illustres personnages, ie deuoie faire mention d'vn certain Berengier, le nom, duquel (a mon grand regret.) nest que assez cogneu, pour la nou­velle opinion qu'il tascha de mettre sus contre la realitè du sacrement Eucharistique. D'vne part me retiroit la memoire odieuse d'vn tel homme, & d' antre costé sa publique confession, retractation, & louable penitence, effacans les playes chanerenses de son offence, quil a de cueur et de faict exhibees, me provoquent à u' espargner vn fuellet, pourlu faire place, et ce d' autant plus volontiers, qu' il pourra seruir de mirouer et exemple à plusie urs desuoyez.

Bernard was Abbot of Claravon in the year 1108. of whom sprang the Ber­nardine Monks. 1130. Utinam tales Papistas mul­tos, imo vel unum talem hodie habere­mus in toto regno Pontifi­cio, qualem Bernardum, fuisse constat. Ita sanc, ita solide disputat ille de summis fidei Capiti­bus, de Scri­pturis, de Ecclesia, de hominis miseria, de gratuita justificatione, de gratia, de nova obedientia, cum Catholica Ecclesia contra Tridentinas fabulas, ut nihil solidius quaeri possit. Num ergo Papista fuerat, qui contra Jesuitas, contra Tridentinos, in maximis fidei articulis Ecclesiam Catholicam & Patrum consensum sequitur? Dicam apertè quod res est. Bernardus Romani Pontificis jurisdictionem longe supra omnes superiores Patres extulit. Atque hinc est, quod Papista vocetur à Bellarmino. Nam Cyprianus, Augustinus, Ambrosius, aliique superiores Ro­mani Pontificis jurisdictionem cohibuerunt. Bernardus autem incidit in fatalia illa tempora, ultra annum mille­simum, Satana jam soluto. Itaque quod cohibere non potuit, tulit ut potuit. Nam post annum millesimum multi viri sancti Romani Pontificis jurisdictionem in spiritualibus, quum cohibere non possent, patienter tulerint. Episc. Carlet. Consens. Eccles. Cathol. contra Trident. l. 6.

He continued with the Papists, and tels the Pope his own.

Recentissimus est, vixitque post confirmatam Episcopi Romanui tyrannidem. Cham. de Oecumen. Pontif.

From erring Bernard that frequent Proverb of Writers erring drew its ori­ginall. Bernardus non vidit omnia. Neither is it a wonder, when he flourished in the darkest midnight as it were of Popery. Vir dignissimus meliori aevo, qui vel in [Page 134] tantis tenebris veritatis lucem salutarem aspexit, vicesque suas saepe deplorabat. Mor­toni causa Regia, c. 3. Sect. 7.

His book de gratia & libero arbitrio is much commended by Hist. Pelag. l. 1. c. 21. Vossius. Qui prae­conio nostro (saith he) non indiget, cum in deliciis esse omnibus soleat, qui Catholicam sententiam sequuntur.

Philippus Beroaldus. Philippus Bero­aldus junior longe melior poeta quam Philippus Bero­aldus senior, qui & ipse versus scribit, qui & passim leguntur, sed de hoc nihil sanè nisi miram hominis facilitatem pene ingenio & judi­cio destitutam afferre possum. At junior Beroaldus promptam ac paratam habet ubique facultatem: Sed Lyricis ille magis quam alio scribendi genere delectatur, ex quibus & laudem assequitur tametsi in his interdum & sibi nonnihil indulgere videatur. Lil. Gyrald. De Poet. Nost. Temp. Dial. 1. Vide Paul. Jov. Elog. Doctorum Virorum. He was a Bononian, most skilfull in Latine and Greek, the Prince of the Grammarians and all the Orators of his age.

He hath left many excellent Monuments of his Learning. Vide Bembi l. 4. Epist. Fam. Philippo Beroaldo minori. p. 132.

Two Beroaldi Philippi flourished in Italy, and both lived in the same age, both Learned and Bononians.

Matthaeus Beroaldus, an excellent Hebrician.

Vir doctus, & quod familiam ducit, pius. Jos. Scal. Epist. l. 3. Ep. 229. yet he saith he would not pollute his Library with his Chronology. Diu est, postquam illius Chronologiam legi, qua bibliothecam meam pollui nollem. Scal. Elench. Orat. Chronol. Parei.

Cujus utinam Chronologia tam proba esset, quam vita ejus fuit. Id. Elench. Orat. 1. Chronol. Parei.

Bertramus, so he is commonly called, or Ratrannus, Anno Dom. 876, Helv. Chron. 841. a Learned man of that time, Rathtamnus (qui vulgò Bertramus Do­ctor) Mona­chus Corbei­ensis, ut paret ex Flodoardo historiae Re­mensis. c. 15. Extat Bertra­mi presbyteri liber jussu Ca­roli Calvi scripta, anno 840. quo autor quaestionem tractat. An corpus Christi ore, an verò sacramentaliter comedatur. Ad quam respondet: Panem & vinum esse figuram corporis & sanguinis Christi, quae sit repraesentatio illius panis de quo Christus in Evangelio: Ego sum panis qui de caelo descendit. Et ubi etiam haec verba extant: Positis sanctarum scripturarum testimoniis, & san­ctorum Patrum dictis, evidentissime demonstratum est, quòd panis, qui corpus Christi & calix qui sanguis Christi appellatur, figura sit, quia mysterium. Pezel. Mellefic. Histor. parte 3 tia. Vide illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l 10. Vir in divinis scripturis eruditus, & inter doctores sui temporis famosissimus, ingenio praestans & clarus eloquio, declamator quo­que sermonum egregius. Triahem. Catal. Illust Vir. who lived in the Monastery of Corbey, whereof Paschasius Rabertus was Abbot.

He joyned with Rabanus in refuting the errour of the carnall presence, at the first bringing in thereof by Paschasius Rabertus. The book which he wrote de Cor­pore & Sanguine Christi to Carolus Calvus the Emperour, was forbidden to be read, by order from the Roman Inquisition, confirmed afterward by the Coun­cell of Trent. The Divines of Doway perceiving that the forbidding of that book did not keep men from reading it, but gave them rather occasion to seek more earnestly after it, thought it better policy that Bertram should be permitted to go abroad, but handled in such sort, as other ancient Writers that made against them were wont to be. B. Vsh. Answ. to the Jes. Challenge, p. 18, 19.

He speaks of him also in his Goteschalcus, c. 11. p. 175, 176. and mentions there another book of Bertrams, de Nativitate Christi, in which he defends the same doctrine which he delivered in his book de Corpore & Sanguine Domini.

Bish. Ridley Praefat. ad Coenam Domini hath a great commendation of this Bertram.

[Page 135] Bonaventure Cornelius Bertram, a famous Hebrician, and very skilfull in the Jewish Antiquities, as his Works shew. Limatissimus Scriptor. Dilher. Disput. Acad. Tom. 2. Grammatica Hebraica comparatio Grammaticae Hebraicae atque Aramicae, De Politia Judaica. Lucubrat. Franktallens. Bonaventura Bertramus, vir Judaicarum antiquitatum callentissimus. Rivetus. Solus hic Libellus authoris dotes satis superque exaggerat; uti & lucubra­tiones Franktall. L' Empereur praefat. ad Librum ejus De Republica Ebraeorum. He had the chiefest part in the French Version of the Bible. He put forth Pagnines Thesaurus of the Hebrew Tongue, with the Observations of Mercer, Rodolphus Cevallerius, and his own. His Works are,

Commentarius de Politia Judaica ex omnibus ejus operibus maximè commendatur. Thuanus Hist. Tom. 5. l. 109. Vide plura ibid.

CHAP. VII.

BEssarion, a Grecian and Monk of S t Basil made Cardinal for his Learning by Eugenius the fourth, his house was the shop of liberal Arts, Bessario natio­ne Graecus, patria Trape­zuntinus, Pa­triarch à Con­stantinopolita­nus. Primus omnium ex Graecis fuit, qui communi. bus patrum suffragiis, cum Isidoro, in Se­natum Cardi­nalitium ele­ctus est. Mortuus est Ravennae ex legatione Gal­lica rediens. Anno aetatis LXXVII. Anno Domini M.CCCC.LXXIII. Boissardi Icones & Boxhorn. Monum. Illust. vir. & Elog. Extat Venetiis publica Reipublicae Bibliotheca insignis, tam Graecis, quam Latinis libris instructissima, quam instituit Bessarion Nicaenus, vir apprimè eruditus & clarissimus, S.R.E. Cardinalis, & Patriarcha Constan­tinopolitanus. Hanc nobilem & copiosam Bibliothecam Bessarion eidem Reipublicae dono dedit, ut ipsemet re­statur in quadam Epistola Italice conscripta, quam videro est inter litteras, quae dicuntur Principum. Biblioth. Ang. Roc. Append. Vatic. whilst he lived, he especially honoured Plato, in defence of whom he put out Com­mentaries against Trapezuntius.

He and Chrysoloras, and Trapezuntius, and Argyropilus brought Greek and pure Latine into Europe.

He gave his Library to Venice, Venetiis Bibliothecam libris Graecis & Latinis in­structissimam erexit, quos ex Graecia in Italiam multis impensis emptos transportari curavit. Boiss Icon.

He wrote many learned Works, which are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

Bessarion Cardinalis Nicanus, ea fuit morum gravitate, & doctrinarum cultura, ut nemo eo Christiana probitate spectatior, Paulo Jovio teste, nemo fuerit doctrina admirabilior. Is Cornelium Tacitum in delitiis habuit, scriptorem civilis prudentiae magistrum, & quod non minima laus est, Livio nostro in hac etiam parte proximum. Pignor. Symb. Epistol. Epist. 21.

Xystus Betuleius a Learned Writer. Immensi la­boris, studii at (que) lectionis vir, de quo testari possunt Commentarii ejus eruditi & luculenti in Lactantii opera Neand. Geog. part. 1.

Theodore Beza, Anno mundi 5661.

His translation of the New Testament, and his accurate Notes upon it have made him famous. Beza edidit Psalterium suum jucundum opus & utile. Venerandus senex, Theodo­rus Beza, cum per longinqui­tatem aetaris factus sit ob­liviosus adeo, ut post fre­quentes de novo Rege Angliae ser­mones subinde me rogaret de Regina an verum esset quod fama jactaret illam satis concessisse: idem tamen in literis visus nobis esse quem ante annos xx. noveramus. Loquitur Latine, interdum & Graece, ut antea audivimus de Historia veteri differentem è re nata luculentissime: ut videretur recens esse à lectione Scaligeri, Plutarchi, & id genus autorum. Casaub Epist. 463. Vir admodùm celebris, & non solùm Genere, sed & Doctrina imprimis Nobilis, deque Literis tam Sacris, quam Philosophicis (si quis alius hoc aevo) praeclarè meritus. Tych. Brabe De nová Stella l. 1. pars secunda c. 3. Zanch. Epist. l. 2. Danaeus Zanchio.

His French Psaltery was so well liked, that it was well translated into the Ger­mane, Bohemian, English, Scottish, and many Languages, and all the Orthodox Churches use it, and much esteem it.

He lived 86 years, and towards his later end began to forget what he had spoken. He would (saith Thuanus) repeat whole Psalms in Hebrew, and what ever Cha­pter one could name out of Pauls Epistles, he would rehearse it all in Greek, for [Page 136] the things he had formerly learned his judgement failed him not, but he presently forgat what he had spoken.

His French Works are mentioned by Verdier in his Bibliotheque. His Latine are known.

Bibles divers.

There are Biblia Latina by Elegantiae plus satis cu­riosus, qui protervè in re seria Dei verbum Cice­ronianae dicti­onis flore ve­stire insolenti temeritate molitus est. Morus exercit. de Script. sac. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 34. p. 210. Magnam proculdubio ab eruditis omnibus & piis gratiam initurus, nisi sacrosanctam rerum divinarum majestatem visus esset aliquot in locis pro nimio Latinitatis & facundiae studio violasse. Scav. Samarth. Gallorum doctrina illust. Elog. Sebastian Castalio with his Annotations, an ethni­cal Some say his was Translatio Ethnica, and Munsters Judaica, because he followeth the Jewish Writers. Complutum celebre à Bibliis polyglottis ibi excusis anno 1515. biennio antequam Megalander Lutherus doctrinam Ecclesiae repurgare inciperet, unde & Complutensia etiam nunc dicuntur, sumptibus Francisci Simenii Archiepiscopi Toletani, qui fuisse scribuntur ducatorum sexaginta millia. Ac profuerunt illa Biblia initio rena­scentis doctrinae Megalandro Luthero plurimum. Neand Geog part. 1. Vide Biblioth. Hispan. Tom. 1. c. 2. Ximenes ducatorum sexcentiis millenis millibus impensis sex tomos emisit, ita ut in V.T. textum Hebraicum & paraphra­sin Chaldaicam, cum duabus versionibus Latinis, in Novo Textum Graecum cum versione Latina collocaret. Meritò numeratur hoc opus inter instrumenta & media, quibus Deus superiori seculo doctrinae coelestis puritatem in lucem revocare voluit. Alsted. Eucyclopaed. l. 32. c. 7. Translation, he using Lotio for baptismus, Respublica for Ecclesia. Beza often reproveth him in his Annotations upon the New Testament.

Biblia Hebraica printed at Venice by Bombergus in four Volumes, and by John Buxtorph in two Volumes with the emendation of the Chaldee Translation.

Biblia Hebraea Hutteri.

Biblia Hebraica, vulgò Complutensia in six Volumes, the Chaldee, Greek and Latine Interpretations being added, by Cardinal Ximenes Archbishop of Toledo, published in the year of Christ 1515, a little before Luther, an excellent work, which made way for the Gospel, since both the original languages of the Bible, before only in the hands of the Jews and Grecians, were now generally made known.

Biblia illa Augusta, quae edenda Rex Philippus, un­de Regia nun­cupantur, cum aeterna sua gloria procu­ravit. Meursi Athenae Batavae. l. 1. c. 13. Opus Hispanicum à Benedicto Ariá Montano, viro decem linguarum perito, sumptu Philippi Hispaniae Regis Antuerpiae est editum, ita ut cum Textu V.T. Hebraico Chaldaica para­phrasis, versio LXX. Interpretum & Latina cum Textu Graeco N.T. Syriaca & Latina versio sit conjuncta. Alsted. Encyclop l. 32. c. 7.The King of Spains Bible in eight Tomes with Apparatus Sacer, printed by Plantine.

The Old Testament in the four first Volumes, in Hebrew, Chaldee and Greek, with a threefold Latine Interpretation, the first of which is the vulgar, and is an­nexed to the Hebrew Text, the second and third answer to the Greek Text and Chaldee Paraphrase.

In the fifth Volume the New Testament is contained, in Greek and Syriack with a double Latine Interpretation, Benedicti Ariae Montani studio opera & la­bore indefesso prodierunt annis superio­ribus, ex offi­cina Plantini Antuerpiani typographi, celeberrimi & doctissimi Biblia poly­glotta in pa­pyro regali, quod vocant, typis pulcherrimis excusa, in Tomos octo distincta & initio centum taleris vendita. Neand. Orb. ter. part. Succinc. explicat. part. 1. in Hispania. Vide plura ibid. one of which is the vulgar, the other expresseth the propriety of the Syriack Text, being written by Guido Fabricius Boderianus, one very skilfull in the Syriack.

In the sixth, seventh and eight Tomes is the Apparatus Sacer. In the sixth the Old Testament in Hebrew with the Latine Interpretation of Pagnine and Arias Montanus, and the New in Greek with the vulgar Latine Interpretation, and the other of Arias Montanus.

In the seventh Tome the Grammatical precepts of the Languages, and the Dictionaries of them, Hebrew, Syriack, Chaldee, and Greek are con­tained.

In the eight and last Tome, there are singular Books of Arias Montanus his, and the Variae Lectiones gathered by the most learned with greatest study, with two Indexes.

Since that, came out Jay the Advocates Bible in France, who hath been at great charge in printing the Bible in Hebrew, and in other oriental Languages, wherein there are two Volumes supernumerary, which have the Samaritane Pentateuch, [Page 137] and a Translation of it, a Syriack Translation of the Old Testament, and an A­rabick Translation of the whole Bible, with Latine Translations to each of them, but it hath not the Interlineary, nor any Apparatus.

It is very corruptly printed.

Now there is here printing in England a Bible, which will exceed the French Bible, because it sets forth all uno conspectu, whereas that is in several Volumes, Versiones an­tiquae praeser­tim Orienta­les, tum ra­tione affinita­tis quam ha­bent cum lin­guis originali­bus, tum authoritatis & usus generalis in primaeva Ecclesia optima sunt media ad verum loci sensum in obscuris indagandum, veramque lectionem in dubiis vel depravatis restituendam. Introduct. ad lectionem Ling. Orat. and hath the best Editions of each, the vulgar Latine of Clement the 8 th, and the LXX of Sixtus Quintus their authentick Editions, and it hath the variety of read­ings of the Alexandrian Copy on the LXX in the Margent, the Chaldee Paraphrase of Buxtorfs Edition.

It hath also the Interlineary Translation of the Hebrew Bible, and the Ethiopick Translation of the New Testament. Some emendations of the Latine Translation, of the Samaritane Pentateuch, and in the Apparatus, the variety of readings of all the Texts.

There are Biblia Hebraica with the Targum, and divers Commentaries of the Rabbies.

There are Biblia Tigurina begun by Leo Judae, Anno 1543. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 35. p. 223. Quae Leo Judae vir Hebraicè doctissimus non sine alio­rum admini­culo adorna­vit. Nam & antequam converteret Apocryphos & Novum Testamentum ipse obiit. Hanc editionem Robertus Stephanus Lu­tetiae cum vulgata conjunxit in octavo, vel suis, vel Vatabli Annotationibus adjectis quae ideo Biblia Vatabli nomine veniunt, & fottè Stephani non immerito dicerentur. Vide Pellicanum de vitâ propriâ sub finem. Mori Exercitat. de Script. sac. and finished by other Reformed Divines, published by Robert Steven with Notes annexed.

There are Biblia Latina à Sixto Edita.

There is the Latine Bible translated by Immanuel Tremellius and Francis Junius, with their Notes.

There is the Latine Bible with the ordinary Glosse of Strabus Fuldensis the brother of Beda, the Postils of Nich. de Lyra, and the additions of Paulus Bur­gensis.

There is the French Bible reviewed by the Professours of Genevah. Biblia Italica doctissimi Diodati, missu ipsius accepi, quae praestare possum, omnium, quaecunque prodierunt, praestantissima esse, sive fidem in reddendo, sive verborum Hetruscorum delectum spectes. Scalig. Epist. l. 3. Epist. 25 2.

There is the Italian Bible by Diodate. Scaliger saith, he makes use of it stil at his study.

There is the Spanish Bible of Cypriano Valera, well approved of.

Theodorus Bibliander was a good Linguist. Vir multijugae eruditionis. Theodorus Bib­liander, natione Helvetius, co­lendissimus praeceptor meus, vir in­comparabilis doctrinae, eloquentiae, tribus in linguis praestantiae, sic pietate moribus & vita exemplar omnibus optimum. Gesu. Biblioth. Thu­anus.

Besides many other learned Works which he hath written, he hath also pub­lished a Commentary De Ratione Communi omnium Linguarum & Literarum.

Gab. Biel. Scholasti­corum rhapso­dus Gasp. Peuc. Hist. Carc. Vir in divinis Scripturis eruditus & in humanioribus literis doctissimus fuit. Pantal. De Vir. Illust. German. parte secunda. 1480.

Nicolaus Biesius a learned Dutchman. He published an Oration Pro Studiis Li­terarum, two Books De dicendi Arte, two Books De Vniversate, five Books De Natura, and four De Republica, a little Book De Opinionum varietate, Commen­taries in Galeni Artem, the Method and Theory of Physick.

Hieron. Bignonius. Who may be called the Varro of this Age.

Eberardus Bilichius Ob ingenii in enodandis sacrae doctri­nae perplexis quaestionibus subtilitatem magni nominis theologus. Thuan Hist. Tom. 1. l. 11.. He died at Trent coming thither to the Councel.

[Page 138] Jacobus Billius Primaeus a very learned man. He was famous for his exact knowledg in the Greek Tongue, which he specially exercised in illustrating the Greek Fathers.

He translated Nazianzene into Latine, and illustrated it with Scholia. There are also Sacrae Observationes, and Sacra Anthalogia of his, with divers French works mentioned by Antoine du Verdier in his Bibliotheque.

Thomas Bilney a learned and godly Martyr. I have spoken of him elswhere.

Thomas Bilnius Concionator vehemens, litterarum & virtutis existimatione celebris. Camp. Narrat. Divort. Henrici octavi.

Thomas Bilson. His rising was meerly by his Learning.

He hath written,

Survey of Christs Sufferings.

De perpetua Ecclesiae Christi Gubernatione.

Answer to the Apology.

Laelius Bisciola, an Italian.

His Horae subcesivae are commended by Alegamhe, containing excellent things in all kinde of Philology.

Bilibaldus Birkheimerus. He was born at Norimberg, Anno 1501.

A great Mathematician, and most familiar with Erasmus for his great learning. He wrote a Description of Germany, and divers other works mentioned by Boissard.

Peter Blesensis. 1160. a worthy learned man, he spared not at times sharply to reprehend the enormities of the Clergy. He lived in the 12 th Age. Divers of his Epistles are yet to be seen, wherein he rebuketh the arrogancy of Thomas Becket.

Archbishop first in England, then at Roane.

Blondelli dili­gentiam pri­dem admira­tus, quo plura ejus lego, eo admitor ma­gis. Grot. Epist. Claudio Saravio. Percurri cum voluptate D. Blondelli Dia­tribam de Suburcariis de ipsa re nunquam aliud quam ipse sensi. Non possum satis laudare viri summam diligen­tiam defaecatumque judicium. Id. alibi Claudio Saravio. David Blondell.

In antiquitate Ecclesiastica versatissimus. Rivetus Grot. discript. dialys. Sect. 10. He is very well versed in Ecclesiastical Antiquities.

Bochart speaking of Church-Government saith, Blondellus vir piissimus & supra fidem in hisce doctus. Bocharti Epist.

He hath published many learned Works in Latine and French. Pseudo. Isidorus & Turianus Vapulantes.

Modeste Delaration De La Sinceritè & Veritè Des Eglises Reformees de France.

An Answer to Cardinal Peroon, and other Works.

Eugenii quarti pluciumque Pontificum Romanorum Secretarius. Ad honorem ejus non pa­rum perti­net, quòd scri­pta illius in epitomen contrahere dignatus sit Pius secundus Pontifex Dictione est, non admodum culta: ut etiam Volaterianus agnoscit; sed de antiquitate tamen, utcunque interdum aliquid humani patiatur, sane pro aetate, qua vixit, optimè meretur. Boxhorni monum. Vir. Illust. & elog. Idem ferè habet. Vossius De Histor. Lat. l. 3. c. 1. Flavius Blondus a famous Historian and Secretary to many Popes, deserves well of Antiquity for the age in which he lived.

He died poor at Rome, Vt Philosophum decuit, as it became a Philosopher, saith Boxhornius.

He wrote three Decads, De gestis Romanorum, a Book of Epistles, and another of Orations, and divers others.

He died Anno salutis Christianae. 1363.

Homo Graecis Hebraeisque literis sic institutus, ut quandoque ad me scripserit Epistolas trilingues. Clen. Epist. l. 2. Ludovicus Blosius, Abbas Laetiensis.

Anno aerae Christ. 1346. Helv. Chron. Petraribus & ille, praeter ea quae multa soluta oratione uterque composuit, nonnulla quoque carmina latina scripsere, in quibus non multò praestat alter alteri. In his licet, quod temporum tamen vitio adscribendum putarim, judicii minus sit. & limae, multum tamen poetici spiritus habere videntur. At Deus bone, quae illi lingua patria & vernacula uterque scripsere, hic scilicet rhyrhmis Lyricis cantiones & epigrammata, ille soluto sermone, & cùm primis facetus & jocosus decem dierum narrationes (sic enim illum Graecè [...] librum inscripsit) qualis est utriusque lepos, quae gratia? Nihil fieri potest omnium bonorum judicio, candidius, suavius, elegantius. Lil. Gyrald. De Poet. Histor. Dial. 4. Magnam eruditionis & industriae laudem retulit genealogiâ suâ Deorum. Gloriam quoque meruit compendio historiae, Romanae, item lib. de illustribus viris, de claris mulieribus, de bellis imperatorum de Florentinorum bellis, de capta Constantinopoli, atque aliis. Obiit anno aetatis LXII. uno post Petrarcham anno. Voss. de Histor. Lat. l. 3. c. 1. Joannes Bocatius, a famous Poet of Hetruria, as Petrarch also, but too obscene.

[Page 139] Petrarch was his Master.

His Life is written by Papirius Massonus.

He put forth a Book De Genealogia Deorum, which contains fourteen Tomes, and many others mentioned by Boissard in his Icones. He died in the 62. year of his age.

Trajanus Non inele­gans neque invenustus vi [...]ae morum (que) magister Tra­janus Boccali­nus, vir acri ingenio, adjocandum cum aliquo maledicto facetus, omni elegantia doctrinae excultus. Jani Nicii. Erythraei Pinacotheca tertia. Vide plura ibid. Boccalinus.

Sir Isaac Wake called his Collections of Pernassus the first Satyre in prose, and Master Selden said, he would rather lose any humane Book in his study then that.

Samuel Bochart an able French Divine, Pastor of the Church of Cane, Doctissimus, linguarumque Orientalium peritissimus vir S. Bochartus in admirando opere. Geog. Sac. Ouzel. Animadvers. ad Minuc. Felic octav. Samuelis Bocharti laboriosum & vatia eruditione refertum opus de Geographia Sacra. Voct. Biblioth. Studios. Theol. l. 2. Append. 2. de Geograph Sac. who hath written a learned Treatise De Geographia Sacra.

M r Pocock in his learned Miscellaneous Notes in Portam Mosis c. 3. styles him Virum longè doctissimum, and quoting that Book saith, In illo diffusae eruditionis opere.

Peter du Moulin dedicates his Antibarbarian to him, and styles him his Nephew.

CHAP. VIII.

JOhn Bodin, a Papist M r Gatak. in his Vindicat. of his Annotat. on Jer. 10.2. Haeresim sapit apertè, quod Lutherus, Cal­vinus, Melan­cthon, & reli­qui ejus fari­nae homines honorificè in eo libro nominentur. Historici verò ii usurpentur ad faciendam Historiae fidem qui & haeretici fuere, & in Historia turpiter sunt lapsi. Possev. Biblioth. Sel. l. 16. c. 9 Opus magnum de Republica Gallicè publicavit, in quo ut omni scientiarum genere non tincti, sed imbuti ingenii fidem fecit, sic nonnullis, qui rectè judicant, non omnino ab ostentationis innato gentis vitio vacuum se probavit. Thuanus Hist. Tom. 5. l. 117. Vide plura ibid. Illud velim ex te scire, quare Pontisicii tam acerbe quotidie in Bodinum declament. Certè quod mancipium ambitionis fuerit, propterea odio illis esse eum non crediderim. Aliam subesse causam necesse est, quam ex te scire velim. Scalig. Epist. l. 4. Epist. 354. Vide Scaev. Samarth. Elog. Gall., but an ingenuous and judicious Writer, of great and good note, as well among Protestants as Papists.

Scriptis ad posteritaetem victuris satis clarus. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 63.

Possevine dislikes his Methodus Historica, because he makes such honourable mention of the Protest [...]s there.

Voetius in his Biblioth. l. 2. Sect. prior. c. 1. condemns Possevines Bibliotheca, as maimed, because out of his envy and pretended hatred against heresie, he passeth by many excellent Authors.

Joannes Bodinus homo multiplici eruditione notus. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 4. l. 94.

Olim Protestantium doctrinae addictus, nec ab ea multum unquam postea aelienus.

Some commend his Theatrum Naturae for a choice piece, a Book full of natural curiosities.

Tycho Brahe l. 1. De nova Stella. c. 10. chargeth him with grosse errours in mat­ters of History.

Sir Thomas Bodlie, a great Scholar and prudent Statist. Illa Bodlei in­dustria pius­quam huma­na; illa tot linguarum artiumque in­finita compre­hensio, doctos tantùm egit in stuporem: at illa incredibilis morum suavitas, ille in congressibus gestuque toto lepos & veluti. Articismus quidam doctos indo­ctosque juxta coepit. Orat. Funeb. Johan. Hales. in Colleg. Merton.

His Parents were rather good then great. What liberal Education they bestow­ed on him, he shews in his own Life written in English by himself, which is put in­to Latine by D r Hackwell, and is in Oxford Library. He living in the troublesome times of Queen Mary, his Parents took him beyond Sea.

At Genevah he heard Beroaldus for Greek, Cevallerius for Hebrew, in Divinity Calvin and Beza.

[Page 140]He was very skilfull in the Oriental Tongues. Linguarum Orientalium callentissi­mus vir Thomas Bodlaeus. Drus. Not. in Tetragram. He was the great Founder of our famous Oxford Library, which is therefore called Bibliotheca Bodleiana. He gave many Hebrew Books to the Library, and was imployed in many honourable Embassies to the Kings of France and Denmark, the Lantgrave of Hesse, the Duke of Brunswick, Quae libuit ludere in poesi divina planè sunt, nihil illis cultius, nihil gravius, neque densi­tas sententia­rum venerem, neque acumen abstulit can­dorem, equi­dem censeo paucos cum illo compari posse. Valla docet cum Latinè loqui: at val­lam Boetius bene sapere. Hyper. Scalig. l. 5. the States of Holland.

He gave for his Arms three Crowns, with this Inscription, Quarta perennis erit.

Boetius Severinus. Anno Dom. 520.

Thevet Vies des hommes Illustres l. 6. mentions the several names given to him, and the reasons of them. He was called Severinus, to shew his Cato like severity and integrity. He was very famous in his dayes, being Consul a long time at Rome, and a man of rare gifts and abilities. Some say, in prose he gave not place to Tully, and had none that exceeded him for Poetry; a great Philosopher, Musici­an, Mathematician.

He was put to death by King Theodoricus King of the Gothes.

He was a most excellent Peripatetick, after he was slain Peripatetick Philosophy decayed, and almost all Learning in Italy. Barbarism wholly invaded it, and expelled good Arts and Philosophy out of its borders, saith Heereboord Epist. Dedicat. ad Disputat. ex Philos. select.

Albertus Magnus and Aquinas have commented upon him.

Anicius Manlius Severinus Boetius, vir & dignitate & opulentia & virtute & eruditione longe maximus, Aristotelicam Philosophiam Romae docuit. Coring. de Antiq. Acad. Disser. 3.

Vide plura ibid. Fuit in omni disciplina e­gregiè doctus, quod liquido ex ejus monumentis constare potest: sed in pangendis versibus mira usus est facilitate. Lil. Gyrald. De Poet. Hist. Dial. 5. Anitius Manlius Severinus Boethius Patricius & Consul, vir eruditissimus, Philosophus & Theologus insignis, à Theodorico Gothorum Rege in exilium immerito pulsus, bonis omnibus fuit exutus, ac tandem Tyran­nice interemptus est. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 6. Quis Boetio, vel in dialecticis acutior, vel subtilior in Mathematicis, vel in Philosophiae locupletior, vel in Theologia sublimior. Polit. Miscel. Cent. 1. cap. 1.

There are also some observati­ons of his in manuscript upon some part of the New Testament John Bois, both a good Grecian and Divine.

He hath published some Notes upon Chrysostome, which are in the eighth Vo­lume upon Chrysostome, put out by Sir Henry Savill, who cals him, Ingeniosissimum & doctissimum Boisium, and styles his Notes, Doctissimas ejus Observationes.

He saith thus to Sir Henry Savill in his Notes, upon Chrysostoms Homilies upon Genesis, Emendationes enim omnes quas affero, meae sunt conjecturae, & fortasse mul­tis in locis parùm probabiles nec satis scitè confictae. Sed ut non omnes dignas existimo, quae eruditorum calculis approbentur: ita nonnullas, tametsi paucissima eae sunt, me­liore sidere natas credo, quas ne emunctissimae quidem naris Critici sint prorsus asper­naturi.

Daniel Fortè per id temporis Ve­netias profe­cturus erat amicissimus mihi Daniel Bombergus, vir sic de literis Hebraicis meritus ut nomen suum omnium seculorum memo­riae consecraverit sempiternae. Clen epist. l. 2. Bombergus a famous Printer, who alone almost hitherto hath printed at Venice great and large Volumes in Hebrew with invaluable expences.

Those Hebrew Books which he printed at Venice are conveyed into all the parts of the world where the Jews are, into Africk, Ethiopia, India, Aegypt, and other places.

He printed,

1. The Hebrew and Chaldee Bible with Commentaries of divers Rabbies upon all the Books of the Old Testament in royal paper.

2. The Talmud, an immense and stupendious work divided into some Vo­lumes.

3. The Volumes of Rabbi Moses which contain both his own Expositions, and also those of other Rabbins upon the Talmud, with other Hebrew Books.

[Page 141] Bonaventure first a Monk, and then a Cardinal. He was called Doctor Seraphi­cus, a Seraphical Doctor. Quo nemo in magistrum sententiarum, cum tamen ferè innumeri in illum sint Commentati, scripsit copio­sius, cum ejus Commenta­tiones in qua­tuor magnos tomos sint distinctae. Neand. Geog. parte 1 a. Floruerunt Bonaventura & Thomas circa annum mille­simum ducen­resimum sexa­gesimum. Scotus florebat anno Dom. milesimo trecentesimo. Durandus circa annum Domini millesimum trecen­tesimum vigesimum. Nicolaus Panormitanus florebat anno Domini millesimo quadringentesimo trigesimo nono. Forbes. Instruct. Histor. Theol. l. 9. c. 5. Natione Thuscus, vir magni ingenii & disciplinarum capacis, multa scripsit, quae extant, & infoelicitatem seculi sapiunt: ita tamen, ut nonnulla in eis occurrant, pontificiis tradi­tionibus recentioribus non convenientia. Illyr. Catal. Test. verit. l. 16.

His Works are in seven Tomes.

His Notes on Lombard are good, Gerson commends his Opuscula for devo­tion.

He joyned together so much sanctity of life, and integrity of manners with his great knowledge of Scholastical Divinity and Philosophy, that Alexander of Hales his master, was often accustomed to say of him, That Adam seem'd to him not to have sinned in Bonaventure. Sixt. Senens. Bibliothec. Sanct. l. 4.

Anno 1265. About this time flourished Thomas of Aquine, Reader at Paris among the Dominick Friers, and Bonaventure among the Franciscan Friers. Foxes Act. and Monum. Tom. 1. p. 433.

Thomas Aquinas coming to him to salute him, and finding him writing the life of S t Francis (as the Papists term him) he called him a Saint though living, saying, Sinamus Sanctum pro Sancto laborare, Let us suffer a Saint to labour for a Saint. Ang. Roch. Biblioth. Vatic.

He was canonized by Pope Sixtus the 4 th anno 1482. for a Saint in the Ka­lendar.

Franciscus Bonamicus. Bembus, Sado­letus, Bonami­cus, quorum Nomina per orbem terrarum celebrata sermonibus & scriptis. Manut. Epist. lib. 1. Epist. 3.

There are some of his Works published.

De alimento, De motu.

Lazarus Bonamicus.

A most famous Professour of Eloquence, and the Greek Tongue at Pa­dua.

He hath put out some learned Orations and Poems.

It is reported of him, that when he once asked the Devil in a possessed woman, Neand. Geog. what verse in Virgil he judged to be best? he answered, ‘Discite justitiam moniti, & non temnere divos.’

Cardin. Borromaeus. Nomenclat. Sanct. Rom. Eccles. Card. Illustrissimi Cardinalis Borromai lite­rae argumento sunt, non pror­sus humanita­tem ex rebus sublatam & superesse animas. Queis meliore luto finxit praecordia Titan. Jos. Scalig. l. 2. Epist. 140. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tomo tertio l. 80.

He was of Millain, he had Francis Alciate a most famous Lawyer his Master. Pope Paulus Quintus made him a Saint.

He escaped a great danger from some loose Friers, as Thuanus relates. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 38. p. 627.

He hath put out a Tract, De Concionatorum Pastorumque Instructione, oum aliis Opusculis.

There are also Epistolae cum ejus vita.

Franciscus Bosquetus a learned Lawyer.

He hath written a History of the Popes of Rome which were Frenchmen, thus entituled, Pontificum Romanorum, qui à Gallia oriundi sunt, historia.

Arnold Boot Doctor of Physick, a Dutchman, lately dead. Arnoldus Boetius Belga, cujus peritiae in linguis ori­entalibus, adeóque & Arabica testimonium perhibent doctissimae ejus aliquot in V. T. loca animadversiones. Hotting. Analect. Histor. Theol. Dissertat. 6.

He hath written a learned Book, entituled, Animadversiones Sacrae ad Textum Hebraicum Veteris-Testamenti.

[Page 142]He wrote also two Tracts against Ludovicus Capellus his Sacra Critica.

I received this passage from a learned Friend of mine (whom I informed of his death) in a Letter,

The losse of that man is great, for he was well furnished with that kinde of learning, and besides very judicious, very industrious, very zealous. He wrote as yet in a more general way, but so as he hath indeed cut the sinews of that Sacra Critica.

Henricus Bracton, a learned Lawyer.

Henry de Bracton, a Judge of the Court of Commonpleas in the Reign of K. H. 3. and a writer of the Laws.

John Bradford.

He was a zeal­ous profitable preacher, a man of a humble and melting spirit. See my Saints Incourage­ments.As holy a man as any lived in his time, and learned also, as M r Fox shews in his Book of Martyrs.

He wrote two Sermons, one of Repentance on Mat. 4.17. the 2. d of the L. Supper.

I finde also in the Oxford Catalogue, mentioned,

His holy Meditations upon the Lords-Prayer, Belief, and ten Command­ments.

A Dialogue of Predestination and Free-will.

Two Letters for men afflicted in Conscience.

William Bradshew.

He hath written well of Justification. M r Gataker cals it, Aureum quantivis pretii libellum.

There are also Meditations of his upon the Psalms.

Thomas Brad­wardinus An­glus. Floruit hic longe, doctissi­mus vir circi­ter 1330. Domini an­num, pugnavit acerrimè pro gratia Dei contra liberum arbitrium, & Pelagianos ejus patronos, nempè Scholasticos Theologos, idque nec sine approbatione multorum bonorum, nec sine multorum seductorum gravissima offensione suoque peri­culo: tamen exoratus à piis doctisque viris, quae de ea con [...]roversia in publicis disputationibus disseruerat, tribus li­bris justum volumen explentibus complexus est. Laudatur hic scriptor nomine eximae eruditionis etiam ab illustribus viris, Raphaele Velaterano, & Joanne Pico. Illyr. Catai. Test. Verit. Natus fertur Hatfeldiae in Comitatu Suffolciensi, Oxo­niae verò educatus, ubi cum bonarum literarum studiis aliquot annos incubuiller, Academicorum suffragiis procurato­rum [...]us cr [...]atur an. 1325. postea (que) Doctoris in Theologia gradu honestatur. Mathematicus fuit insignis, Philosophus egregius, in Theologiae verò studiis cousque versatus, ut apud doctos illorum temporum, Doctoris profundi appella­tione innotuerit; eamque non immerito de [...]atam ilii satebuntur credo, qui libros ab illo conscriptos persegerint. Verum in hoc homine nihil erat quod potius laudaver is, quam morum vitaeque sanctimoniam ob quam caeterasque virtutea, à Straffardo delectus est, ut Regi esset à confessionibus. In quo munere ita se gossit, ut optimi simul ac prudentissimi viri laudem retulerit. Regem siquidem à rect [...] deflectentem increpare consuevit audacter, ea tamen prudentia verborumque lenitate, ut animum Principis nunquam offenderit. Non desunt certe inter scriptores qui insignes illas Edwardi Victorias, hujus potius sanctitati ac virtutibus acceptas ferendas existiment, quam cujuspiam seu fortitudini, scu prudentiae. Godwini de Praesul. Angl. Comment. Vide Antiq. Eccles. Britan. p. 44. Tho. Bradwardine Archbishop of Canterbury King Edward the thirds Confessor.

A man reputed so pious in those dayes, that the Kings prosperous successe then was chiefly imputed unto his piety, who followed him in his warres in France, as Preacher in the Camp.

Above three hundred years ago he valiantly defended the truth against the Ar­minian Doctrine. Gratiae Dei strenuissimus assertor, D r Ward in Phil. 2.12.

Henricus Brandius, a learned and Pious Divine.

He hath written a Book entituled, Examen Consulationis Lessianae religionis ca­pessendae. And Analysis in Catechesin religionis Christianae, Quae in Ecclesiis & Scholis tum Belgii, tum Palatinatus traditur.

Florente aetate ad Caesarem accitus, honores ejus au [...]ae sibi oblatos constanter sprevit, speratos respuit, Mathematicarum studiis accensus, ob quae ab omnibus immortalitati nomen ejus meruit consecrari. Tomasin. Illust. Vir. Elog. Vide plura ibid. Tycho Brahe a Dane and a Knight, a great Astronomer.

Stellae describuntur à Ptolomaeo, Alphonso & Tychone Brahe, triumviris reipub. Astronomicae. Alsted. Eucyclop. l. 7. part. 1. c. 15.

There are divers of his Works published,

Astronomiae illustratae Progymnasnatum Liber 1.

Mechanica.

Oratio de Disciplinis Mathematicis.

[Page 143] De mundi Aetherei recentioribus. Phaenomenes liber secundus. Epistolae Astro­nomicae.

Edw. Brerewood. He was the first Astronomy Lecturer in Gresham Col­ledge.

He hath written Enquiries touching the Diversities of Languages and Religions through the chief parts of the world, an excellent piece.

De ponderibus & pret. vet. nummorum.

Elementa Logicae.

Treatises of the Sabbath.

John Brentius. He was born Anno 1499. A Divine of great name amongst the Protestants, saith Thuanus. Vir est gravis, & modestus & doctus: sed desiderari in eo non­nihil potest. Zanch. Epist. l. 2. ad Bezam.

His Works are printed in several Tomes in Folio.

Guido de Sanctus Dei Martyr. Bres.

He hath written against the Anabaptists in French.

Of the Authority of the Magistrate, and Immortality of the soul.

Henry Brigges, a famous Mathematician, and a pious man.

His Works are Arithmetica Logarithmica, & Triganometria Britannica.

Thomas Brightman, a learned and godly man.

Bishop Andrews in his Answer to Bellarmines Apol. ad cap. 9. is too sharp and bitter towards him.

I have heard that M r Thomas Cartwright counted him a bright Star in the Church of God.

He hath put out a Comment in Latine on the Canticles and Revelation. And Disputatio de Antichristo, & Refutatio de Bellarmini Antichristo.

Jo. Brinsley, A learned man.

He hath published,

Ludus Literarius, or, The Grammar-School.

The posing of the Accidens.

The true Watch and Rule of Life in four parts.

The Calender Reformation.

Barnabas Brissonius, the learned Chief Justice of France, whom B. Andrews. Doctissimus Barnabas Bris­sonius in erudi­tissimo Com­mentario de re­gio Persarum statu. Montac. Appar. 2. Equidem à Rege ipso au­divi cùm dice­ret nullum in orbe Christia­no principem esse qui haberet quem Brissonio suo in literarum gloria opponeret. Scripsit de verborum quae ad jus pertinent significatione ingens & eruditum opus, itemque de formulis & solennibus populi Romani verbis alterum, ac opus­cula plurima, quorum optimam partem edidit, partem indigna morte praeventus, imperfectam reliquit. Scaev. Samarth. Gallorum doctrina illust. Elog. one calleth Varro Galliae.

Jos. Scaliger. l. 1. Epist. Epist. 8. & 9. speaks somewhat against his book De Regno Persarum, and de formulis, &c. but that De formulis is an excellent work.

Stephanus Paschasius in the second Book of his Epigrams, hath these Verses to him.

Mirantur eunctis animum te intendere caussis,
Cùm tot pervoluas noctè dieque libros.
Queis ego sic Balbus; nihil est mirabile factu:
Plurima nam dicit, plurima qui didicit.

John Briton Bishop of Hereford of profound judgement in the Common-Law.

He composed a learned Work of the Law, and published it in 5. E. 1. by the commandment of Edward the first, our Justinian.

Erasmus Brockman, a learned Lutheran. He hath put out Theologiae universae Systema. vol. 3. De speculo veritatis Pontificiae. Controversiarum sacrarum quae in salutari Religionis negotio intercedunt orthodoxis cum schola Pontificia partes duae. Huic viro qui­cun (que) summae doctrinae, acer­rimique & in­genii & judicii laudem denegant, illi cettè aut planè indocti nulloquo indicio praediti aut impudenter sunt invidi. Eum enim sua scripta talem fuisse clamant, & quidem cum alia, tum ea quae in Euripidis tragaedias edidit. Steph. Praefat. ad Annotat in Eurip. Vide plura ibid.

Joan. Brodaeus, a man of stupendious and wonderfull reading, of incredible me­mory and industry. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 34.

[Page 144]He hath written divers Miscellanies, and learned Commentaries upon Euripides his Tragedies, and Xenophon.

Sir Robert Brook Chief-Justice of the Court of Commonpleas.

His Abridgement was first published in Anno 16. Reg. Eliz. long after his decase; a worthy and painfull work, an excellent Table for the year Books of the Law.

Hugh Broughton, well skilled in Hebrew and Greck, if he had been as judicious and humble. Greek and Hebrew were almost as fa­miliar unto him as Eng­lish.

He hath put forth several works, his Concentus Sacrae Scripturae is best liked.

He said, it was portended by his Arms that he should be a Grecian, for he gave the fowl That is, the Owl, Noctuas Athenis. of Athens for his Arms.

Christoph. Browerus a learned man. He hath written,

Fuldensium Antiquitatum. l. 4. and other works.

Apud Rosto­chienses medi­cinae Galenicae & Philosophiae Aristotelicae professor imprimis celebris, Mathematicarum etiam rerum, praesertim Geometricarum apprimè peritus. Tych. Brah. l. 1. Epist. Astron. Christ. Rothman. Henricus Brucaeus.

Fr. Lucas Brugensis, a famous Divine. He hath written Notationes in sacra Biblia, and Commentarios in quatuor Jesu Christi Evangelia, and other works.

Petrus Brunellus.

Nihil cultius aut Politius fingi potest. Manutius fatetur se rectam Latinè scribendi rationem à Brunello didicisse. Samarth. Elog. Gal. l. 1.There are Epistles of his published.

Guil. Bucanus. D r Prideaux was wont to say, sive Buchanus sive Buchananus, they being both ours.

These are his Works, Institutiones Theologicae.

In Orat. Dominicam.

Meditationes & Aphorismi de controversiis de Religione determinandis.

Georgius Buchananus, A most famous Poet and good Historian for the Scottish affairs.

Anno salutis Christianae 1506. Quem mihi liceat omnis liberalioris eruditionis ac praesertim poetices paren­tem appellare. Bez. Epist. ad Icon. Vir. Illust. Quo nemo di­ligentius anti­quitates patri­as est persecru. tatus. Episc. Vsser. de Brit. Eccl. primord. c. 16. Utile in qua­vis gente erit unum aliquem seligere, qui potissimas in ejus gentis historia obtinere videatur. Ut in Gothicis Jor­nandem, in Long obardicis Paulum Diaconum: in Slaevicis Helmoldum Francicis Paulum Aemilium: in Hispanicis Marianam: in Scoticis Buchananum: in Flandricis Meierum: in Burgundicis Heuterum: in Austriacis Lazium: in Saxonicis Crantzium: in Danicis Saxonum Grammaticum: in Boicis Aventinum: in Hungaricis Bonfinium: in Polonicis Cromerum: atque ita in aliis. Voss. De Ratione Studiorum. Vir qui nec Coelo, nec solo, nec seculo erudito, ut ille cecinit, natus, ad summum tamen Poeticae facultatis culmen tam foeliciter ascendit, ut Poetarum hujus seculi princeps meritò habeatur. Gambdenus in Annal. Eliz. an. 1582. Neminem existimo in Gallia paulo humaniorem, cui Georgius Buchananus non sit notus, non solùm eximius Poeta: verùm etiam vir omni liberali eru­ditione non leviter tinctus, sed penitus imbutus. Turuchi Adversaria l. 1. c. 2.
Namque ad supremum perducta Poetica culmen
In te stat, nec quo progrodiatur, habet.
Imperii fuerit Romani Scotia limes:
Romani eloquii Scotia finis erit.
Jos. Scalig. in Epitaphio Buchanani.

Vir ingenii felicitate & scribendi facultate, quod ejus scripta ad omnem aeternitatem victura vel fatente invidia testantur, nostra aetate incomparabilis. Thuanus Hist. Tom. 3. l. 76.

There he commends his History also. Ego Psalmorum tuorum lectione incredibi­liter delector, qui tales sunt quales à te uno proficisci potuerunt. Beza in Epist.

Carolus Vtenhovius saith thus of his Translation of the Psalms,

Tres Italos Galli senos vicere, sed unum
Vincer [...] Scotigenam non potuere virum.

The six Italians were Michael Hospitalis. Adrianus Turnebus, Joannes Auratus. The three French A. Sannazarins, H. Fracastorius, A. Flaminius, H. Vidas, A. Nau­gerius. P. Bembus.

[Page 145] Martin Bucer, born Anno 149. a great instrument of God as well as Martin Luther, both Germains and Monks formerly.

The two judicious Commentators D r Jacks first Volume of the Creed, l. 3. c. 2. Bucer and Martyr.

Quam multiplicem in Bucero jacturam fecerit Dei Ecclesia, quoties in mentem venit, cor meum propè lacerari sentio. Calvin in an Epistle to Viretus.

After the Assembly of Regenspurg [...], when John Gropper Embassadour to the Archbishop of Collen, was returned home, he commended Bucer exceedingly, and said, he was meetest of all others to take in hand the Reformation of Religi­on, for he was both well learned, a lover of peace, and of pure life. Sleid. Com­ment. l. 14. p. 187.

Abraham Bucoltzer.

Opere Chronologico magnam gloriam adeptus. Thuanus. Eum virum magnum esse & excellentem ingenio, do­ctrina varia, ac lectione multa, docent tum quae nu­per edidit scri­p a Chronolo­gica valde erudita, laboriosè & accuraté conscripta, tum & jam porrò melius docebunt, quae modò habet in manibus, & de quibus spem facit, superatutus sine omni dubio in illis omnium conatus, labores & studia qui h [...]ctenus in si [...]nils argumento voluerunt esse occupati. Neand. Geog. parte 1 •.

Ludovicus Buccaferrous, a learned Philosopher of Bononia.

Many famous Scholars came from his School, Francis Piccolominie, and others.

Julius Caesar Scaliger in his Epistle to the Reader prefixed before his Subtilties, names him his Master.

Osorius in his learned Book De Gloria, saith, he diligently heard him.

He published Commentaries upon Aristotles first Book of Physicks, and other Books of his.

Jo. Buckeridge, Bishop of Rochester. Joanuem Rof­fensem habe­mus quem Joanni Roffensi opponamus, Fishero Buckerigium, cujus argumentis (si quid ego video) ne à mille quidem Fisheris unquam re [...]pondebitur. Godw. de Praesul. Ang. Comment. Vide plura ibid.

Guil. Budaeus, William Budey born at Paris in France, Anno 1467. His style is but rude and unplea­sing to delicate ears, therefore Erasmus would not put him in the number of the Ciceronians. Gulielmus Bu­daeus utroque opere in pande­ctas & quinque libris de Asse plurimum opi­tulatus est rei Latinae elabo­rata illa scruta­tione rerum ac verborum Linguae utriusque Lud Viv de Trad. discip. l. 3. Vide plura ibid. Certissima Gallorum gloria, qui jamdudum Italis utriusque literaturae palmam magno eruditorum omnium consensu praeripuit: sic caeteros omnes vincens in Romani sermonis eloquentia, ut in Graeca dictione vincat seipsum. Eras. Epist. l. 1. Epist 5. Vide ibid. Epist. 10. & 12. & l. 2. Epist. 29. & l. 3. Epist. 62. & l. 4. Epist. 8. & l. 11. Epist. 7. & l. 17. Epist. 10. & l. 22. Epist. 27, 28. & l. 28. Epist. 8. & 21. Gulielmus Budaeus omnium qui hoc patrumque seculo vixere, sine controversia doctissimus. Defuit quidem tanto viro perspicuus ille venustioris eloquentiae nitor quem recentiores uni Ciceroni ad dicti majore studio & religione coluerunt. Latinitatis cognitionis in Pandectis recensendis & Romanorum jure illustrando lu­culentum & nobile specimen dedit. In Graecis autem quis non miretur eo usque progrestum, ut (quod nullidum extra Graeciam nato contigerat) ipsius Jani Lascaris Graecorum doctissimi judicio veterem Atticorum facundiam adaequasse diceretur. Scaev. Samarth. Gallorum doctrina illust. Elog.

He was Secretary of Francis the first, King of France, and Keeper of his Library, and after his Counsellor and Master of Requests. His Commentaries upon the Greek Tongue, his Epistles, Philology, his excellent work De Asse, his Commentaries upon the Pandects, and others shew his great knowledge in the Greek and Latine Tongue.

In those things which he wrote before the preaching of Luther, he doth rough­ly and largely accuse the Pope, Bishops and Priests, especially in his Book De Asse, which was published Anno 1513. Illyr. Catal. Test. verit. l. 19. Vide Montacu [...]. Analect. Exercit. 5. Sect. 4. Et Pauli Jov. Elog. Doctorum virorum. & meam Epist. Dedicat. ad Crit. Sac. Nov. Test.

He was a man of great learning, and worthy to be had in perpetual memory, for this cause only, that he and Cardinal Bellay Bishop of Paris, did counsel and perswade Francis the first, the French King, to do a most noble act, that is, to ap­point great stipends, for the Readers of Tongues and good Arts at Paris.

Buchanan hath this Distich of him,

Gallia quod Graeca est, quod Graecia barbara non est:
Vtraque Budaeo debet utrumque suo.
Buch. l. 2. Epig.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these verses of him,

[Page 146]Et Latiae nobis debent Graiaeque Camaenae:
Laudem utram quaeras, magnus utraque fui.

He died at Paris Anno 1539.

Vir piissimus & doctissimus quo inter Germanos Theologos nemo in Ita­lia judicatus fuit meo tem­pore doctior. Zanch. disceprat. cum Marbachio. Passim Ecclesias Saxonicas Brunsuigae Hamburgii, & tandem in regno Daniae reformavit. Pezel. Mellif. Histor. parte 3 tia. Jo. Bugenhagius Pomeranus nascitur Anno 1485.

Moderato ingenio & eruditione rara excultus. Thuanus Hist. 1. Tom. l. 21.

He died at Wittenberg in the 73 year of his age.

Lutherus ut in Schola suum Melancthonem, sic in Ecclesia suum sibi Bugenha­gium adjunctum habuit. Verheid. Prastant. aliq. Theol. qui Rom. Antich. praecip. oppugn. effig.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard.

Henry Bullenger Vide Thuan. Hist. tom. 3. lib. 61. Placet recitare, quod mihi olim Montallinus ille Monachus, qui tandem Combustus fuit Romae, propter Evan­gelium, de tuo libro, qui est de Origine Erroris, dixerit, cum ego nunquam cum legissem aut vidissem librum, hor­rabatur ille ut emerem: & si, inquiebat, non habes nummos, erue tibi oculum dextrum, illoque persolvas, & lege sinistro. Dei beneficio mox reperi librum, servatis tamen oculi [...], quia non peperci loculis. Nam emi Coronato, & mox succum totius expressi mea manu, quae ne ab Inquisitoribus quidem poterat legi. Deinde etiamsi legissent, non potuissent agnoscore, utrius essem sententiae. Nam redegeram to [...]um ad formam quaestionum scholasticarum, adjectis locis ex Conciliis, & Scholasticis, quid de iis rebus sentiret Romana Ecclesia. Haec volui recitare, ut intelligas quantam ceperam ego olim ex eo libro voluptatem & utilitatem, & quanti factus fuerit viris piis & doctis: Ignosce tamen meis ineptiis. Zanch. Epist. l. 2. Bulleng, born Anno 1504.

Some much commend his Book de Origine Erroris.

Henry Bunting Vir eruditus, ingeniosus, se­dulus & indu­strius. Neand. Geog. part. 2., Teacher of the Word of God in Saxony, in the Dukedom of Brunswicke.

Neander much commends his Chronicon Ecclesiasticum, and his Itinerarium Ec­clesiasticum.

Aegidius Burd [...]nus, a learned Lawyer and an excellent Grecian. Vid. Scaev. Sam. Gallorum Elog.

Francis Burg [...]rsdicius famous for his Logick, Ethicks and Metaphysicks.

Paulus Bu [...]gensis was by birth and institution a Jew, Paulus Burgen­sis ex Judaeo & Christianus & Episcopus in Flandria extirit. Geneb. Chron. lib. 4. Episcopus Burgensis. and excellently versed in all the learning of the Rabbines, but by faith and conversion a Christian and a Bishop.

When he was a Jew he was called Salomo Levita.

Walter Burlie, a great light of Europe, and ornament of Oxford. The Learned Master of King Edward the 3 d, and Scholar of Merton Colledge.

He hath written divers Works upon Aristotle.

Jo. Buridunus.

He hath written on the ten Books of Aristotles Ethicks.

Burgundius. Burgundio [...]ve Burgun­dius Jurispe­ritus Pisanus, qui floruit circa annum MCLX. Piguor. Symb. Epistol. Epist. 39.

He interpreted the Gospel of John.

This is part of his Epitaph,

Decessit senio propria Burgundius urbe,
Cui similis vivens vix fuit est vel erit.
Omne quod est natum terris sub sole locatum,
Hic plene scivit scibile quicquid erat,
Optimus Interpres Graecorum fonte refectus,
Plurima Romano contulit eloquio.
Commentor primus, Chrysostomus ille secundus,
Claruit, expositor, scripsit & innotuit.

[Page 147] Rob. Burhill.

He hath written contra Mart. Becani controversiam Anglicanam de Britann. and a manuscript in verse, De Britanniae rebus Scholasticis. Exclamat in­genti spiritus ardore in ago­ne suo.

Anna Burgius.

Anne du Burg, a most learned Lawyer and holy Senatour was burnt at Paris for the true Religion: not so much by the inclination of the Judges, 1559. Annas Burgae­us Hiero­martyr Chri­sti, ad specta­tores quidem Martyrii sui. Non ego hic sum ut latro aut homicida, sed tantum pro Evangelii causa. Ad Deum vero agonothetem suum: Deus mi, ne me derelinquus, ne ego te derclinquam. Gryn. Epist. l. 1. Epist. 6. Vide Calv. Epist. Car. Blaudero. Hoc sacro igne, quo absumtus Martyr Burgius, Lamberti Danaei in pectore pietatis vera flamma accensa est. Discipulus enim Annae Burgii Eruditionem, autoritatem, gravitatem morumque sanctitatem suspiciens, non remere vel levibus argumentis Religionem illam à tanto viro, quem toties universa Gallia docentem esset admirata, defendi posse statuebat. Verheid Praestan [...]. aliquot Theol. qui Rom. Antich. praecipuè oppugnarunt. Effigies & Elogia. as by the resolution of the Queen, provoked against him, because the Lutherans did divulge in many Writings and Libels spread abroad, that the King had been wounded in the eye by the providence of God, for a punishment for his words used against du Bourg, that he would see him burnt. But the death and constancy of a man so conspicuous, did make many curious to know what Religion that was, for which he had so couragiously indured punishment, and made the number increase. Hist. of the Counc. of Trent. l. 5. p. 418.

Augerius Busbequius, a great Embassadour and a Learned man, skilfull in the Civil Law and all Philosophy. In legationi­bus enituit, quarum impri­mis insignes fuere Constan­tino politana & Amasiana. Plurima cum Graeca tum Latina M. SS. volumina, media in Graecia collecta in Caesaream Viennae Austriae Bibliothecam intulit. Swertii Athenae Belg. Prandium mihi hodie apud heroëm (non enim virum dixerim) Busbequium, post prandium lon­giusculae etiam fabulae (sed de literis) ut apud illum soler. Lips. Epist. Cent. 1. Ep. 5. In Busbequii morte, & tali morte, in animo meo dolui servatum huic virum per tot discrimina apud exteros, apud barbaros ut in limine serè patriae lattonum manibus (ita audimus) periret. Lips. Epist. Cent. 2. Epist. 99. Abrah. Ortel. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 60. & Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgica. Dec. 9.

He hath written most elegant Latine Epistles and most pleasant to reade con­cerning the Turks.

Besides the Greek and Latine tongue, he was so exactly skilled in the Italian, Spa­nish, French, German and Illyrick tongue, that any of them might seem to him vernacula.

Joannes Busaeus, a most Learned Papist.

John Buxtorf, Buxtorfius in admirādo ope­re Syntactico, quod Cl. Lud. de Dieu sibi Clavem Scri­pturae Biblicae esse adfirmat, ac omnibus Theologiae studiosis com­mendat. Dilh. Disput. Acad. Tomo 2 do. Buxtorfie Lex­icon Chaldai­cum, Talmu­dicum & Rabbinicum, opus XXX annorum cui nihil tale sol unquam aspexit aut simile. So one, whose name I forgot to write. Buxtorsius in admirando Lexici Rabbinici & Talmudici opere. Dilh Disputat. Acad. Tom. 2. the Father and Sonne.

The Learned works of the Father discover his great abilities and skill in the He­brew Tongue, and give great light to many places of Scripture.

Epistolarum decas, cum notis.

Tiberias, sive Comment. Masorethicus.

Biblia Sac. Hebr. & Chald. cum Masora.

Lexicon Chaldaicum & Syriacam.

Synagoga Judaica.

Concordantiae Bibliorum Hebr.

De Abbreviaturis Hebraicis.

Thesaurus Grammaticus Linguae Sanctae: and other Learned Works of the same nature.

Daniel Tossanus Orat. de Vita & obitu Johannis Buxtorfii mentions Commentari­um Chaldaicum notas Criticas accuratissimas in paraphrasin Chaldaicam Bibliorum Hebraeorum continentem, which I hope his Learned Sonne will shortly publish, I having seen, or heard at least, something in a letter from him lately to that purpose.

Young Buxtorf is Paternae eruditionis ex asse haeres: as his Dissertations and An­swers to Capellus shew.

CHAP. IX.

C

Vir meo judi­cio quamvis Papista tamen candidus, plu­rimumque distans ab ea pertinacia quam in reli­quis deplorare cogimur. Cham. de Canone Tom. 1. l. 12. c. 1. THomas de Vio Cajetanus, an Italian and a Cardinall.

A man very well read in Divinity, having studied it even from a childe, who for the happiness of his wit, and for his laborious diligence, became the prime Divine of that and many more ages, unto whom there was no Prelate or person in the Councell who would not yield in Learning, or thought himself too good to learn of him.

This Cardinall, going Legate to Germany in the year 1523. studying exactly how those that erred might be reduced to the Church, and the Arch-heretiques convinced, found out the true remedy, which was, the literall meaning of the text of the Scripture in the Originall Tongue in which it was written, and all the residue of his life, which was 11 years, he gave himself to the study of the Scri­pture, expounding not the Latine Translation, but the Hebrew Roots of the Old, and the Greek of the New Testament. In which Tongues, having no knowledge himself, he imployed men of understanding, who made construction of the Text unto him word by word, as his Works upon the holy Texts do shew. That good Cardinall was wont to say, that to understand the Latine text, was not to under­stand the infallible Word of God, but the word of the Translator, subject and obnoxious unto errour. Hist. of the Counc. of Trent, l. 2. p. 155.

Vide Leand. Alberti Descr. tot. Ital. Cajetane is commended for an incomparable Divine by Sixtus Senensis Bibl. 4. Tit. Thomas, and for the most Learned man of his time by Pererus the Jesuite, Comment. in illa verba Gen. Creavit Deus, &c. Vide Leand. Albert. Descript. tot. Ital. & Gerh. l. 2. Cathol. Confess. Art. 1. c. 1.

P. Victor Cajetanus Palma.

He hath put out Paradigmata de quatuor Linguis Orientalibus Praecipuis.

Joannes Caius, a Learned Doctor of Physick of Cambridge.

He hath written a Book de Libris propriis, and besides Commentaries or Anno­tations upon divers Physick Books, and other Books Translated or Corrected by him: He mentions these,

De Medendi Mothodo. Two books.

De Ephemera Britannica. Three books.

De Antiquitate Cantabrig. Academiae. Two books.

De Historia Cantabrig. Academiae. Two books.

De Rariorum animalium atque stirpium Historia. One book.

De Symphonia vocum Britannicarum. One book.

De Thermis Britannicis. One book.

De Antiquis Britanniae urbibus. One book.

De Libris propriis. One book.

De Pronunciatione Graeca & Latinae Linguae cum scriptione nova. One book.

De Annalibus Collegii. One book.

De Annalibus Collegii Gonevilli & Caii. One book.

Compendium Erasm. lib. de vera Theologia. One book.

Xenophon and Caesar wrote their own acts so wisely, and without all suspicion of partiality, as none hath been so upright in writing the histories of others. Caesars Commentarios are to be read with all curiosity, wherein is seen the unspotted propriety of the Latine Tongue, even when it was at the highest pitch. Aschams Schoolmaster 2 d part. See more there. Vide Strad. prolus. l. 2, 3. Hist. part. 2. Julius Caesar, Scriptor est purus & ele­gans, inque verborum structura accuratus, omnino placidi instar fluminis procurrens: interea [...], ac gravis in sententiis: quo Xenophontem exsuperat: caeteroquin ei non dissimilis multum. Voss. de Histor. Lat. l. 1. c. 13. Vide plura ibid. Duae namque sunt Aquilae solae in natura rerum: altera bellicae laudis, altera literariae: Illa po­centiae, haec sapientiae. Caesar & Aristoteles. Unicus poeticae Sireno phoenix, Virgilius. Scalig. de Subtil. Ad Cardan. 194. Julius Caesar, a great Conquerer, and as great a Scholar.

He hath published his own Acts both truly and purely. His Commentaries shew his great Eloquence.

[Page 149]Gesta notasse opus est ingens, gessisse notanda.
Majus opus: princeps Caesar utrunquefacit.

Manutius in his Preface on Caesars Commentaries much commends Caesar and his Commentaries.

Huic ipsi Caesari, atque iterum Terentio, ob proprietatem ac nativam Romani sermonis elegantiam, proximum post Tullium damus locum, Voss. Institut. Orat. l. 4. c. 1. Sect. 9.

In procinctu, ac pene in acie quoque ipsa rerum suarum Commentarios ita diligenter conficiebat: ut nihil a quo quam tam putetur accurate prescriptum: quod non illorum purissima elegantia superetur. Polit. Epist. l. 10. Epist. 1.

Domitius Calderinus Veronensis.

He was a good Grammarian. He hath published three books of Observations, Vir sane non indoctus, flo­ruit ante annos 100. Non libenter audiebat mis­sas, ut scripto­res quidam (inter quos & Vives) testan­tur. Cumque aliquando ab amicis invitus ad eas pertraheretur, solitus erat dicere; Eamus sane ad communes errores. Sentiebat igitur, missam esse quendam errorem, in quo plerique homines vehementer errarent. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 19. Vide Volat. Anthropol. l. 21. a Comment on Martiall, and Notes on Ovids Epistles.

Vir fuit acris ingenii, multae (que) in literis industriae, Latinae linguae diligentissimus, Graecae non incuriosus: non prosam condere absurdus, non carmen. Nimium sus ta­men (quod opera ipsius testantur) admirator, ac pro sententia cui semel adhaeserat, etiam contra verum contumax, & refractarius. Polit. Miscel. Cent. 1. c. 9. Vide plura ibid. & Epist. l. 3. Epist. 19.

Ambr. Calepinus. Quidam libri ejusmodi sunt ut semel at (que) iterum aucti, locupletari tamen atque ornari deinde possint, quo ex genere bonum fatum Calepinus sortitus est, cui quotidie fere omnes homines de suo largiantur: Certe enim illius Dictionarium, quod nunc emittimus, non ram ipsius industria, quam aliorum labore studioque in tantam altitudinem excrevit. Manut. Praefat. in Calep. Nostrum in hoc opere proprium illud putamus, quòd cùm alii in addendo supra modum curiosi fuerint, ut liber excresceret: nos contrà, ne quid praeter rem adderemus, superstitiosi fuimus, nec minus in exsecando diligentes, Id. ibid.

There is his Dictionarium Latino Graecum cum addit. Pauli Manutii.

Dictionarium 10 Linguarum.

Georgius Calixtus, a most learned man.

Professor Theologus Helmstadiensis.

Theologorum Germaniae nostrae bodie princeps & sine pari, Georgius Calixtus, ami­cus, & olim Collega noster non è mult [...] Meibomii Maecenas c. 24.

He hath written an Harmony styled Concordia quatuor Evangelicorum Scripto­rum, and Tractatus de arte nova.

John Calvin.

One of the soundest Divines and of deepest judgement in matters of Religion, Illustris vir, nec unquam sine summi honoris prae­fatione nomi­nandus. Episc. And. de usuris Theol. Det. Ejus vita fuit singulare ho­nestaris & pietatis ex­emplum. Ho­mo zelo do­mus Dei ar­dens, & à vitiis non modò alienus, sed etiam eis infestus, vigiliis & labore morbum contraxit, & sub ocu [...]is amicorum, quos prolixè ad pietatem & tolerandam Christi crucem hortatus est, obdormivit in Domino, vix ha­bens in bonis unde possit Curari funus: Nam tota vita erga pauperes liberalis, erga seipsum parum fuerat. Cujus scripta spirant merum Dei timorem, & Zelum pro Dei Ecclesia. Nec quisquam adversariorum quos habuit innumeros, carpsit ejus mores praeter Hieronymum Bolsecum medicum perditissimum nebulonem qui instigatore Calvino pulsus Geneva ob scelera. vitam Calvini confarcinavit, in qua effudit in virum sanctum plau­stera Convitiorum & Mendaciorum. Molin. Hyperaspistes, l. 1. c. 12. Jo Calvinus acri vir ac vehementi ingenio & admirabili facundia praeditus, inter Protestantes magni nominis theologus. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 35. both of Doctrine and of Discipline that God gave to his Church this 1000 years. M r Travers.

Steven Pasquier a French Writer and a Papist doth much extoll his Piety, Wit and Learning, in his Recherches de la France, l. 8. ch. 55. Estoit-il homme bien escri­vant tant en Latin que Francois, & anquel nostre langue Francoise est grande ment redeuable pour l'avoir enrichie d' vne infinite des beaux traicts et à la mieme volanté que c'eust estè au meilleur subiet: An demeurant homme merueilleusement versé et nourry aux liures de la saincte escriture, et tel que s'il east tournè son esprit à la bonne voye, il pounoit estre mis an parangon de plus signalez Docteurs de l' Eglise.

[Page 150]He was a good Writer both in Latine and French, and one to whom our French Language is exceedingly obliged, for having enriched it with many good Treati­ses; and I would they had been upon a better subject. He was marvellously ver­sed and skilled, in the books of the holy Scripture, and such a one that if he had turned his spirit the good way, he might have been set for a Paragon of the most famous Doctors of the Church. This and more he hath there of him.

I willingly acknowledge him to have been an excellent instrument in the Church of God, and a man of a deep judgement, specially in the Exposition of holy Scri­pture (which I think none condemn more then those who have read him least) yet withall I freely confess he had his errours. D r Hackw. Apol. l. 5.

Suos naevos haebuit, quanquam in doctrina sua nihil penitus mutavit, quod rarum est in eo presertim qui tam multa scripserit. Mori Calvinus. Vide plura ibid.

His Works have been so profitable to the Church of God that they have been in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Transylvania, Polonia, England, Scotland. His Institutions and Commentaries upon almost all the Scripture, are generally well esteemed.

One writes thus of his Institutions,

Praeter Apostolicas post Christi tempora chartas
Huic peperere libro, secula nulla parem.

His French Works are mentioned by Antoine Du Verdier in his Bibliotheque.

None hath more solidly refuted the Libertines then he.

Vide Jos. Scal. Epist. l. 2. Epist. 115. & 117. & l. 3. Epist. 240. & l 4. Ep. 308. & 404. Sethus Calvisius nuperâ suae Chronologiae Editione, operosam adeo diligentiam adhibuit, ut nihil quicquam omiserat quo verum Historiae tempus exquisitè doceatur. Whear de methodo legendi histor. parte 1 a. Sect. 6. Unus tandem, qui instar omnium erit, acuratissimus & harum literarum peritissimus Sethus Calvisius Germanus nuper eruditissimum & consummatissimum Chronicon edidit, quod totum rationum nostrarum insistit munimentis. Est opus aeternitate dignum. Jos. Scaliger. Epist. l. 4 Epist. Posth. 439. Vide ejus opusc. Sethus Calvisius Cantor, a Learned Chronologer.

Giraldus Cambrensis.

There is Rerum Hibernicarum appendix cum Ric. Stanhurst.

Unicum illud & incompa­rabile opus quo Britanniae nostrae Anti­quitatē & suae Antiquitati Britanniam restituit, quo pulcherrimam terram (à toto orbe di­visam) toti terrarum orbi conspicuam & illustrem reddidit: hoc uno opere quid luculentius, quid limatius, quid accuratius, vel Pausanias, vel Strabo, vel quivis alius veteram Geographorum dare potuit. Whear Orat. Funeb. Munus à te accepi, vir ornatissime, per mihi gratum, Britaniam tuam: quam illustrasti ingenii & industriae clara face. Multum patria tibi debet multum exteri nos, qui per te pulcherrimam insulam videmus etiam cum non videmus. Perge in hoc & simili studiorum genere, quod abesse non potest quin tibi famam, posteris aerernum ferat fructum. Lips. Epist Cent. 1. Ep. 24. Annales Eliza­bethae perficit Cumdenus stylo tam plenè regio, tam undequaque & rei & sibi conscio, quasi virginalem rantae majestatis splendorem libro suo maritare statuisset, ut pari famae consortio semper audiant Elizabetha & Camdenus Orat. Townley in memoriam Camdeni. In quo opere perfectae Historiae numeros omnes reperiri haud credo quen­quam esse qui diffitebitur. Whear. Orat. Funeb. William Camden, our British Pausanias.

He that is studious of the British History, let him in the first place reade Cam­dens Britain, where (besides a most accurate description of the whole Island) he may learn the name of Britany, the manners of the Britains, and the History of the Romans in Britain, and many other things most worthy to be known, ga­thered summarily out of the incorrupt Monuments of ancient Antiquity.

His Annals also of the English and Irish affairs in the Reign of Q Elizabeth, are excellent.

He was Schoolmaster of Westminster School, and his Monument is in Wesimin­ster Abbie.

He lost a Scholars place in Oxford in Queen Maries daies, because of his Re­ligion.

Pope Vrbane the 8 th, who had the Pictures of divers Learned men in his Gal­lery, had only the Pictures of two English men, Sir Thomas Moore and Master Camden.

The first Learned man which Peireskius met with in England was William Cam­den, ille de sua Britannia bene meritus. Gassend. De Vita Peireskii, l. 2.

[Page 151] Joach. Camerarius. He was the great honour of Germany. Excellentissi­mus Graeca­nicae linguae inte [...]pres Beriramus in Matth. 19.24. Grati mihi semper Cama­rarii, ob unum illum virum quem Germa­nia vestra habuit sine pari, & tumerito inter eos. Lips. Epist. Cent. 1. Ep. 75. Joach. Camer Doctori medico. Eo provectus es eruditionis, ut com­muni doctorum omnium conse [...]su peritiorem linguae Graecae neminem, in Latina verò [...]lngua disertiores per pucos exactiorem autem nullum scriptorem habuerit Ge [...]mania, sicut plurima ipsius monumenta testantur. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tomo 3 • l. 59. Popeberga, patria de li [...]ecis optimè meriti Joachimi Camerarii. Quantus autem vit fuerit Joa [...]himus Camerar [...]us in omni doct [...]inarum eruditarum genere, docere possunt libri ejus multi eruditi & va [...]ii in pub [...]icu [...]n hactenu [...] editi, tum etiam edendi deinceps à filiis ejus doctrina omnigena, dignitate atque au­to [...]icate praestan [...]bu [...], vir [...] C [...]arissimis a [...]que Celeberrimis, Joachimo medicinae doctore ac Reipub. Notinbur­gensis Medi [...]o, & Philipp [...] u [...]riusque Juris Doctore, & ejusdem Reipub. Consilario dignissimo, & Ludovico Camerariis, Dominis atque amicis nostris Colen [...]issimis. Neand. Geog parte 1 a.

He was exquisitely skilled in the Greek Tongue, a godly and wise man.

Ad hane autem in omnibus bonis disciplinis eruditionem acc [...]sserat pietas singularis, prudentia longo rerum usu confirmata. Bez. Icon. Vir. Illust.

Joachimus plus habere videtur curae quam naturae. Eras. Epist. l. 26. Epist. 45.

I pray to God continually (saith Casaubon, Epist. Append. Ep. 88. Georgio Remo) ut excitet Camerarios in vestra Germania in nostra Gallia Scaligeros: that he would raise up Camerarii in your Germany, Scaligers in our France.

Vivet viri illius, & aetatem florebit laus intemerata, nec quisquam erit, qui hoc publicum ipsius Elogium. Optimum & Doctissimum Seculi sui fuisse, unquam queat eripere. Dilher. Disput. Acad. Dissertat. 18. de Censoribus.

Philippus Camerarius. Magni illius Jo [...]chimi filius Philippus Ca­merarius, vir pietate eximis, opere horarum succisivarum insignis. Scultetu [...] de Curticulo vitae. Philippus Camerarius Bono­niensis dictus, vir gravis & litteratus, ac proxima cognatione Katharinae Reginae conjunctus, Romae obii [...]. Thuan. Hist. Tom. [...] l. 6.

His Historicall meditations are larger in Latine then English, and of good use.

John Cameron, a Learned Scotchman, as his Praelectiones, Myrothecium Evan­gelicum, opuscula Miscellanea, and his Amica Collatio de Gratiae & voluntatis humanae concursu in vocatione de Gratia & Libero Arbitrio, and other Works shew.

Jo. Camers. Johannes di­ctus Camers, ordinis mino­rum monachus, non solum divinis verum etiam humanis litteris eruditissimus, uti ejus opera perhibent. Albert. Leand. Descript. Ital.

There is Tabula Cebetis of his.

Thomas Campanella.

He hath written De sensu rerum & magia lib. 4. Scripsit ab anno aetaris vigessimo, non quae ab aliis scripta erant, sed in hoc in­cumbens, ut nova in om­nibus ferè scientiis ex­cogita [...]e [...]. Ea à nonnullis in IX. Tom. dictingui intellexi Leonis Allatii Apes urbanae. Scripsit ingens opus, de reformatione scientiarum, decem in codices divisum, quorum singuli plurimas in partes distribuuntur, unde nihil acutissimo ingenio homini tam fuisse propositum apparet, quam relictis veteribus viis, ad omnium scientiarum no­titiam, novum a [...]que directum iter apetire. Jam. Nicii Erythrai Pinacotheca.

Apologia pro Galilaeo.

Prodromus Philosophiae restauranda.

Astrologicorum, lib. 7.

Philosophia sensibus demonstrata.

Quaest. Philologicae, Polit. morales.

Metaphisicarum, l. 18.

Thomas Campegius.

He hath written De Pastorum residentia.

De Rom. Pontifice eum aliis opusc.

De Auctoritate S. Conciliorum Varia opuscula, and other Treatises.

Laur. Campegius. Salisburgensis Episcopus & Cardinalis, suopte ingenio properus notescere annos tantum natus 19. Patavii Jus Caesareum incredibili auditorum admira­tione, una cum patre Joanne Campegio, cujus opera in precio sunt, publicè professus est. Nomencla [...]. Sanctae Roman. Eccles. Cardinal.

There is his Oratio ad ordines Imperii.

[Page 152] Grammatica Hebraica Psalmi juxta Hebraicam veritatem. Lat. Paraphrasis. Joannes Campensis.

His Hebrew Grammer and Learned Paraphrase upon the Psalms and Ecclesiastes according to the Hebrew are published.

Edm Campian, a good Orator.

Tanto Bellarmino inferior eruditione atque doctrina quanto superior cura verborum. Rainold. de lib. Apoc. Tomo primo praelect. 11.

Though the Papists Edmundus Camp [...]anus na­tione Anglus, patria Londi­nensis, omnium opinione Martyr Christi inclytus, & nostri saeculi Clarissimus. Rationes decem oblati certami­nis in causa sidei, redditae Academicis Anglis. In hoc exiguo libello vix credi pótest, quàm multa fidei dogmata paucissimis verbis prestringat; quanta esoquentia ingenii vi & perspicacia, quanto rerum coacervatarum numero ac pondere obruat adversarios. Biblioth. Scriptorum Societat. Jesu A Philippo Alegambe edita. brag much of him, yet our Learned Whitaker hath suffici­ently refuted him.

Vir Lingua­rum non so­lùm Graecae & Hebraicae, sed Syriacae & aliarum Orientalium rarâ & exquisitâ cognitione insignis. Thuan. Hist. Tomo 1 • l. 13. Angelus Caninius, a good Linguist, as his Works shew.

Grammaticorum eruditissimus, so he is styled by Downes in his Notes on Chry­sostome.

Henricus Petri societ. Jesu Theologi è fratre nepos. Henricus Canisius and Petrus Canisius, both Learned men.

Primus liber qui à Societa­te sesu prodiit. Raynaud. Erot. De malis ac bonis libris partit. Erot. 19. Valeri Andreae Biblioth. Belg. Ferdi­nando Caesari imprimis, Charus acceptusque, cujus etiam auctoritare ac jussu Catechismum verè aureum bono publico conscripsit: quem civis ejus ac propinquus Petrus Busaeus Soc. ejusdem Theologus citatis è SS. Patribus integrè locis, mirificè illustravit. Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgica. Petrus Canisius, his Catechism is much approved of by some.

CHAP. X.

GVliel. Canterus, he is preferred before his brother.

Natus est Anno Dom. 1542. Suffrid. Pet. De Script. Fris. Vide Thuan. Hist. tom. 3. l. 61. Bononiae Ca­rolo Sigonio usque adeo gratus fuit, ut Novas ei Lectiones inscribendas putarit. Aub. Mir. Elog. Belg. Extant ejus Novarum lectionum libri octo, in quibus cum plurimis ac diversissimis authoribus [...]egritatem suam restituat, quantus ipse librorum helluo fuerit, declaravit. Suffridus Petrus de Scriptoribus Frisiae.Besides his own Belgick Tongue, he was skilled in Latine, Greek, He­brew, the Germane, French and Italian.

Siquis absolutum specimen desideret hominis studiosi, & ejus qui literis promovendis totus se consecravit, in Gulielmo Cantero ad amussim expressum reperiat. Suffrid. Pet. de Script. Fris.

Besides his Novae lectiones the third time reviewed and inlarged, he wrote Notes upon Tullies Offices and Epistles, Scholia upon Propertius, and he turned the Works of divers out of Greek into Latine.

His Works are mentioned by Suffridus Petrus.

Studiorum cursus ubique pene par fuit. Suffridus Pe­trus de Scriptoribus Frisiae. Doctissimus adolescens Lambertus Canterus, patre Theodoro, patruoque Gulielmo dignissimus. Casaub. Animadvers. in lib. 1. Sucton. Theodorus Canterus the others brother.

He hath published a Book styled Variae Lectiones, and Arnobius with his own An­notations.

Melchioris Cani scriptum de locis The­ologicis multa eruditione refertum est. Voet Biblioth. l. 2. Sect. poster. c. 1. Summus Theologus & moderatissimus vir. Montacut. Antidiat. Ejus loci Communes è soecundo, erudito, & facundo ingenio prodierunt, en commendandi magis, quod ipse nostra aetate, primus ea brevitate, copia, dispositione, ac perspicuitate de iis perutiliter egerit. Possev. Apparat. Sac. Tomo 2 do. Melchior Canus, a Spaniard. Inferiour to none in the Church for Learning, and for a Papist a man of a singular ingenuity. D r Jacks. Comment. on the Creed, Vol. 1. l. 3. c. 13.

[Page 153]His Common places are most esteemed.

Whear in his Method of reading, Hist. parte 1 a, Sect. 33. saith, Melchior Canus magni nominis apud pontificios (nec immerito) Theologus.

He is commended by the Jesuite Pererius (tom. in Dan. l. 12. c. 6.) for the most famous Divine that was in the Councell of Trent, who explained the mysteries of the holy Scripture more fully then any since his time.

Hieronymus Capivacceus or Capinacca, a famous Professor of Physick in Padua.

Jacobus Cappellus, he was elder brother to Lodovicus Capellus. Jacobi Capelli (viri multae eruditionis, & harum litera­rum callentis­simi) Historiam Sacram & Exoticam accuratâ quidem diligentia ad temporum rationem concinnatam, merita sua laude neutiquam privandam censeo. Whear Method. legendi Histor. parte 2 da sect. 6.

His Historia sacra exotica ab Adamo usque ad Augustum is most approved.

He hath written de Mensuris Observationes in Epistolam ad Hebraeos.

Apologie pour les Eglises Reformees.

Ludovicus Capellus, a great Hebrician now living at Somers in France.

His Critica Sacr [...] are more commended by Grotius, In quo nescio magisne in­defessam se­dulitatem mirari debe­am: an uber­rimam eruditionem, an judicium limatissimum, quae tres laudes in hoc opere ita inter se cerrant, ut in ambiguo maneat cui de tribus prima palma debeatur. Grotius Epist. ad Gallos. Contentus esto magnis potius quam multis laudatoribus. [...]d ib. then by some of his own Countrymen, and other Learned and Orthodox Writers.

Vir summus mens olim praeceptor. Bocharti Gecgraph. Sac. parte prior. l. 2. c. 8.

His Spicilegium and Diatriba de Voto Jephtae are well liked.

Ludovicus Carbo. Vir in Rhe­torum lecti­one multum versatus, nec malè de arte ea meritus. Voss. de Analog. lib. 1. cap. 48.

Many of his Works are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue.

Hier. Cardanus, he was a great Scholar, Scripsit Hic­ronymus Car­danus doctis­simè Mathe­matica pluri­ma, medici­nam tamen profitetur Rami Schol. Mathem. l. 3. Mathematum insignis cultor & explicator, supra cae [...]eros, propter edita ingenii monumenta innumera toti terrarum Orbi probata, praeconiis efferendus. Tomas. Illust Vir. Elog. Romae magni nominis sive Mathematicus sive medicus Hieronymus Cardanus Mediolano natus hoc anno obiit. Varia ejus vita, ut mores, pluraque ipse de se inaudita in viro literas professo simplicitate seu libertate scripsit, quam Curiosus quisquam a me exigat. Romae eum diverso ab aliis cultu ince­dentem paucis ante obicum annis conspicati & adlocuti ac saepius admirati sumus, cum celeberrimi tot scriptis hominis recordatio subiret, neque tamen quidquam in eo quod tantae famae responderet, animadverteremus, eoque magis Julii Caesaris caligeri judicium suspeximus, quid ivinum ingeniùm suum in opere de subtilitate exagitando praecipuè exercuit, in aequalitate illius diligenter notata, qui in quibusdam interdum plus homine sapere, in pluri­bus minus pueris intelligere videatur. In arithmeticis multa Conatus est & invenit., judiciariae quam vocant, fidem apud multos struxit, dum certiora per eam, quam ex arte possint, plerunque promeret. Verum extremae amentiae fuit imo impiae audaciae astrorum Commentiis legibus verum astrorum Dominum velle subjicere, quod ille tamen exarata Servatoris nostri genitura feci [...] tandem cum tribus diebus minus septuagesimum quintum annum implevisset, eodem, quo prae dixerat anno & die, videlicet XI. Kal. octobr. desecit, ob id, ne falleret, mortem suam inedia accelerasse creditus. Thuan. Hist. tomo 3 tio l. 62. but some much dislike much his XII. geniturae exemplares, wherein he speaks strangely of his good and evil qualities, he cast also our Saviour Christs Nativity, shewd that he should be a Prophet, and die a vio­lent death Cardanus eo dementiae fuit progressus, ut horoscopum Christi ex astro­rum positu meditatus sit, & ex sinistris quibusdam aspectibus nato Christo natis fataele illi praedixerit crucis suspendium. Aisted. Encyclop. l. 32. c. 10.

His Books de Subtilitate and Varietate are most commended.

He wrote a Book de libris propriis. Imitatus sum (saith he) in hoc scribendi genere Galenum, & Erasmum, qui ambo catalogum librorum suorum scripserunt.

George Carleton, he was one of our Divines of Great Britain that was at the Synod of Dort.

His Consensus Ecclesiae Catholicae contra Tridentinos, and his Jurisdiction Regall, Episcopall and Papall are most commended, though he hath published other Works.

John Carion.

His Chronicle with the additions of Philip Melancthon and Gaspar Peucer is [Page 154] commended, and was highly esteemed by M r Bolton.

Illud verò in­eptius visum est, quod Ca­rolum mag­num (qui quam Mo­narchiam vo­cant primus occupavit) natione Gal­lum, in Gallia natum, lingua quoque mori­bus & institu­tis Gallorum una cum suis majoribus educatum, modo Germanum. modo Alemanum vocant. Tam etsi enim à Francis veterum Gallorum colonis originem plerique traxisse putent, non tamen negant quin Gallorum armis ac legionibus. Germaniam, Italiam & magnam Hispaniae partem cum imperio Gallorum conjuoxeri [...] ac primogenitis Galliam, velut Imperii sedem, alias aliis regiones ab hoc Imperio avulsas dederit, quousque Henricus Auceps natione Germanus, Regem se ferens, Germaniam hujus Imperii partem occupavit. Bodin. Method. Histor. Vide illum de Repub. l. 1. c. 7. Carolus Imperator magnus Natione Alemannus, vir virtute & conversatione Christianissimus & in sanctorum numerum non immerito relatus, in scripturis divinis studiosissimus, & in secularibus literis egregié doctus, ingenio subtilis, eloquio clarus & disertus, & multarum linguarum cognitione insignis, Graecae, Latinae & Hebraicae peritus, ne­quaquam a catalogo illustrium virorum Germaniae rejiciendus. Enimvero artes liberales studiosissimè coluit, ea­rumque doctores plurimum veneratus magnis afficiebat honoribus. Trithem. Catal. Vir. Illust. Vide plura ibid. Carolus M. Charles the Great, Anno Dem. 800.

Heros verè magnus, veritate, pietate, sapientia, eruditione & rerum gestarum celebritate nulli cedens. Helv. Chron.

He was Learned in the Greek and Latine Languages, Philosophy, the Mathema­ticks, and other Sciences he called his pastimes.

A Prince great in Warre and Peace, a great favourer of Justice and Learning, without question the greatest of all Emperours since Constantine the Great, the Phoenix of Germany, another Romulus, and Lycurgus. Joachimus Camerarius makes a rhetoricall comparison between Charles the Great and Augustus Caesar. Pezel Mellif. Histor. parte tertia.

Every Calling hath a promise from God, which Charles the Great exprest in this verse, ‘Nenti fila Deus mentem conjungit Olympo.’

Carolus quintus, King of France.

He reigned about the year of our Lord 1360. He was called Charles the Wise, for his great Wisdom and Piety, and especially because he caused the holy Scri­ptures to be translated into the Vulgar Language, that the common people might understand them. Illyr. Catal. Test Verit.

Exercitui raro praesse solebat; aut si praelium conserendum esset, periculo sese sub­ducebat; ac propterea Sapiens est appellatus. Bod. De Repub. l. 5. c. 4.

Carolus nonus, Charles the 9 th, King of France, Anno 1560.

Princeps prae­clara indole & magnis virtutibus praeditus, nisi quatenus eas prava educa­tione & ma­tris indulgen­tia corrupit, fuit in eo elatus & for­tunae par ani­mus, ingenium juxta sagax & acutum, mascula facundia, prudentia supra aetatem, quae plerumque in vafritiem degenerabat: acre in aliorum ingeniis dignoscendis judicium: magna in dispensandis beneficiis cura, & in pensitandis cujusque meritis morositas; ut ab aulicis virtutes ad inexhaustas capiditates suas metientibus minus ob id liberalis haberetur-Caetero qui ad iracundiam praeceps fuit, quae violenta & assidua equitatione ac vigiliis alebatur, & licet summus natura dissimulator esset, nonnunquam per intervalla in fu [...]orem erumpebat. Unicam puellam Aurelianensem adamasse toto vitae tempore compertus est, ex qua Carolum Arvernorum comitem suscepit. Modicus ut cibi sic & somni, quem etiam nocturni horrores post casum Sanbartholomaeum plerumque interrumpebant, & rursus adhibiti symphoniaci pueri expergefacto Conciliabant. Musica & Poetica summo peredelectabatur. Thuan. Hist. Tomo 3 •io Lib. 57.His Life is written by Papyrius Massonius.

He was a Prince that had excellent naturall gifts, but mingled with vices, where­with his Governours and Schoolmasters had corrupted his young minde, which at the first was more virtuously inclined, delighting in Musick and Poetry. But as he was a great Hunter, that lov'd to shed the blood of wilde beasts, so he suf­fered also (during his reign) the Protestants blood to be shed, and in revenge thereof of in his sickness before his death, great store of blood issued out by vomit­ing, and by other passages of his body in the two last weeks of his sickness, where­in he endured as much pain and torment, as the strength of youth could suffer in the last pangs of death.

Andrew Melvin hath these verses to Charles the 9 th, dying with an unusuall flux of blood,

Naribus, ore, oculis, atque auribus; undique, & ano,
Et pene erumpit qui tibi, Carle, cruor.
[Page 155]Non tuus iste cruor sanctorum at caede cruorem
Quem ferus hausisti, concoquere hand poteras.

Nath. Carpenter an able Scholar, as his Geography and Philosophia libera shew. Des Cartez, Nobilis Car­tesius, Philo­sopharum hoc aevo Cory­phaeus, omni laude dignus propter acumen & solertiam, & heroicos conatus in promovendo Philosophico studio. Mares. Theol. Elenchtic. Nova Synops. Tomo 2 do Controvers. 21. Heereboard in his Epistola Dedicat. to his select Disputat. ex Philos. hath a great commendation of him.

Dionysius Carthusiensis.

For his singular holiness of life he was called Doctor Extaticus.

He wrote divers Works, which are in twelve Volumes.

Thomas Cartwright, a Learned and Pious Divine, honourably mentioned by Protestants of other Countries. Thomas Cart­wrictus ob Commentati­ones in Pro­verbia Salo­monis, & in Harmoniam Evangelicam, in qua non solum acumen viri sed & vitae sanctitas mirè elucet, omnibus doctis amabilis. Laeti Compend. Hist. Universal.

His Evangelicall Harmony, Comment on Proverbs and Ecclesiastes, Confuta­tion of the Rhemists Translation, Glosses and Annotations, Reply to B. Whitgift, Commentaria practica in totam historicam Evangelicam, and other Works shew his great abilities.

Christopher Cartwright.

A Learned, Pious Divine of Peter-house in Cambridge, not only well skilled in the three Learned Languag [...]s, Hebrew, Greek and Latine, but also well versed in the Hebrew Rabbins, for which he is honourably mentioned by Voetius in the last Edition of his Bibliotheca, and his Annotations on Genesis and Exodus are well liked by the Learned generally. M r Pocok styles him Virum eruditssimum, in not. Miscel. c. 4.

Bartholomaeus Casa. Bartholomaeus Casa peculiari libro Castella­norum hor­rendas lanie­nas, & Indorum immanissimas interneciones descripfit. Carion. Chron. in Carolo 5 to. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. lib. 54. Chiappiae praesul à sacris Caroli V. Confessionibus, petiit ut occupato bellis Europae Caesare miserorum interea Indorum ratio haberetur, & diligenti ab ipso perquisitione facta constitit, in una insula Hispaniola multa millia hominum inaudita, novorum hospitum barbarie misere paucorum annorum spatio extincta esse. Addunt praeterea rem dictu soedam & horroris execrandi plenam, viros eo desparationis adactos, ut ex compacto deinceps a concubitu naturali cum uxoribus abstinuerint, ne liberos sub Hispanorum potestate futuros generarent, eoque factum esse ut tractu temporis tam frequens populo locus ad solitudinem sit redactus. Thuan. Hist. tomo 4 to lib. [...]4.

He hath explained this question, Vtrum Reges vel Principes jure aliquo, & salvâ conscientia cives a regia Corona alienare possint.

John de Casa Archbishop of Benevent.

He wrote a Book in Italian rime, wherein he praiseth and exalteth that horrible sinne of Sodomitry, and names it a Divine work, Joannes Casa Archiepisco­pus Beneven­tanus, Ponti­ficis apud Venetos le­gatus, hor­rendo scelere, plus quam detestanda impudentia, id celebrare est ausus; quod nefando quidem pu­dor ipse no­minari susti­net. Foxus contra Osor. lib. 3. pag. 253. Vide Sleid. Comment. lib. 21. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. lib. 16. and affirmeth he took great pleasure therein.

He hath written the life of Bembus and Gasp. Contarenus.

Then the question was (saith Thuanus) concerning Claudius Espencaeus a Di­vine of Paris, and John Case the Popes Secretary, about making them Cardinals: Nobleness of birth and learning, commended both of them, although different, for one of them being brought up in the study of Divinity, grew old in his profes­sion, the other in eloquence and in the skill of writing elegant Latine, was to be compared with the Ancients; but their manners were very different, Espencaeus excelled in holiness of life and chastity of manners, but Casa in licentiousness, and using the liberty of the place in which he lived, he led his life wantonly, therefore both of them were accused to the Pope by their Competitors; Espencaeus, that he had in a Sermon spoken disgracefully of the golden Legend, as they commonly call it, and that he said it was rather to be called an iron Legend, and afterward [Page 156] he was compelled publickly to recant, as Sleyden relates, the other because he was reported in his youth in verse to have praised that which is abominable, and so for severall causes, both of them lost that dignity.

Jo. Casus, a Learned Oxonian.

He hath put out Ethicks and Politicks and other Works.

Isaac Casaubone, Incompara­bilis vir & saeculi sui decus immor­tale, Isaacus Casaubonus, nunquam sine laude nomi­nandus, nun­quam satis laudatus. Salmas. Pra [...]at. ad Hist. August. Script. Vir longe longeque doctissimus, & mihi dum viveret, amicissimus, meritisque in rem literariam Clatissimus,, in historicis recensendis versatissimus. Salmas. not. in Aelii Spartiani Hadrianum. Casaubono statim à teneris unguiculis sincero vetae pietatis lacte imbuto supperebat rara Linguarum Orientalium cognitio in Graecia vix secundum, nedum parem habebat. Non deerat sacrae, non deerat historicae veritatis illustrandae studium. Jac. Capel. Praefat. ad Vindic. pro Isaaco Casaub. a great Linguist, but a singular Grecian, and an excellent Philologer.

He hath written in 12 Books of his Exercitat. Animadversions on those 12 Tomes of Baronius his Annals.

Scaliger in an Epistle to Casaubone, commends his Book de Satyra, and in ano­ther, his Theophrastus his Charecters. It were no difficult task out of Scaligers Epistles, to excerpe Elogies upon most of Casaubons Works.

Incomparabilis vir Isacius Casaubonus divinis in Augustam historiam Cemmenta­riis. Scalig. Animadvers. in Euseb.

Nihil vidi absolutius Commentario Casauboni in Suetonium. Scalig. Epist. l. 1. Epist. 29. Vide ejus Epist. l. 1, Ep. 35. & Epist. 40. & 50. & 92. & l. 2. Epist. 104, & 106, & 115, 117 l. 3. Ep. 272. l. 4. Ep. 384.

D r Merick Causabone is also the heir of his Fathers Learning, as his Works shew.

Georg. Cassander.

Anno Chri­sti nascitur M. D. XV. Graecè Lati­neque doctus, Grammaticus & rhetor in­signis, Histo­ricus eximius: sunt qui & inter Theo­logiae peritos ei locum dare velint, alii aliter de eo sentientes dicunt, quod dum haereticorum libros nimis incautè legit, corun­dem erroribus se & sua contaminasse, quodque haereseos notam vix effugerit. Swertii Athenae Belgicae. Cassander revera vir probus, & candidus modestusque, & unitatis studiosus, schisma fugitans, bono animo ac sedulo egit quicquid in negotio componendarum religionum operae contulit. Ex partibus adversariorum pontificius ipse veniens, & è Castris suis longius progressus▪ per multum itineris spatium nobis ultro obviam occurrit, amicè ad Concordiam invitavit. Cujus spem ut faceret fiduciamque proniorem, multa deformata & reformanda agnoscit: ita plurima excusat, ut etiam alia non pauca incuset. In summa, ab hoste non potuere meliora aut molliora sperari vel expectari. Salmas. in Posthum. Grotii. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 37. Vir doctus & moderatus. Thuanus. A man professing himself a Roman Catholick, though of wonderfull modesty, moderation and Learning. Mountag. Answ. to the Gagger of Protest. Sect. 36.

A man famous for his immoderate moderation in Controversall points of Reli­gion. Smect.

He was a man of such note and eminency in his time, that two Emperours, viz. Ferdinand the first, and Maximilian the second, made choice of him above all, as a man most meet to compose (if it might be) the difference betwixt Protestants and them of the Church of Rome, as D r Featly hath observed.

Cassandra Fidelis Veneta, Nata 1465. Puella doctissima.

Fidelium Fa­milia, à fide nomen ade­pra, primùm Mediolani ortum agno­vit. Tomas. Elog. Politian Epist. l. 3. Ep. 17. Certum est enim, non minus ad eam invisendam, quam ad Livium nostrum Patavinum olim, ab ultimis orbis partibus confluisse plurimos, qui sui seculi ornamentum, sexus miraculum, & ingenii monstrum depraedicabant. Tomasini Illust. Vir. Vitae. Vide plura ibid. writes a whole Epistle in her commendation.

He begins it thus,

O Decus Italiae virgo: quas dicere grates: quasve referre parem: quod etiam ho­nore me tuarum literarum non dedignaris: mira profecto fides: tales proficisci a foemina: quid autem a foemina dico: immo vero a puella, & virgine potuisse.

Again, At vero aetate nostra: qua pauci quoque virorum caput al [...]ius in literis ex­tulerunt: unicam te tamen existere puellam: quae pro lana librum: pro fuso calamum: stylum pro acu tractes.

Afterwards, Scribis Epistolas Cassandra subtiles: acutas: elegantes: latinas: & quanquam puellari quadam gratia: virginali quadam simplicitate dulcissimas: [Page 157] tamen etiam mire graves & Cordatas. Orationem quoque tuam legimus eruditam: locupletem: sonoram: illustrem: plenamque laetae indolis. Sed nec extemporalem tibi deesse facultatem accepimus: quae magnos etiam oratores aliquando destituit.

Mirari equidem ante hac Joannem Picum Mirandulam solebam: quo nec pulchrior alter mortalium nec in omnibus (arbitror) doctrinis excellentior. Ecce. nunc etiam te Cassandra: post illum protinus caepi: fortasse jam cum illo quoque venerari.

Jo. Cassianus, Anno Domini 430.

He was Chrysostoms Scholar.

Most of his Works are mentioned in Oxford and Sion-Colledge Catalogue.

M. Aurel Cassiodorus, he wrote about the year of our Lord 520, or 530.

His Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue. Edidit Rave [...] ­na Ioh [...]nne [...] 17 Pon [...]ficum Romanum [...]assiodorum Senatorem virum doctum, elegantem (que) scriptorem, qui postea monachus effectus, multa (que) literarum monumenta reliquit. Leand. Alb. Descript. tor. Ital. in Romanula.

Petrus Cassiodorus.

He hath written de tyrannide Pontificis Romani.

Petrus Castellanus.

Aureliarum Episcopus, Francisco rege & Errico, literis in Gallia nostra velut Apollo alter praefuit. Turneb. Advers. l. 24.

He hath written four Books de Esu Carnium.

Petrus Castellanus a Learned Physitian. Vir melioris lit [...]eraturae ac reconditi­oris erudi­tionis laude insignis. Ant. Sand. De Scriptoribus Flandtiae, lib. 3.

He hath written a Book entitled Vitae illustrium Medicorum veterum & recen­tiorum.

Alphonsus à Castro, one of the Doctors of the Councell of Trent. Hispanus na­tus Toleti.

He is commended by Vega for the most forcible Adversary against Luther. Vega l. 16. de Justif.

He hath written contra Haereses.

Ambrosius Cathurinus. His Works are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue. Contra Tri­dentini Con­ciliabali, cui ipsemet inter fuit, decretum, ad extremum usque spiritum intrepidè asse­ [...]uit, posse hominem in hac vita salu­tis suae certunt esse. Smeton. ad Hamilton. Apostat. Or­thodox. Resp.

Frier Dominicus Soto, who had a great part in the Synod of Trent, in framing the Decrees of Originall sinne, and Justification, having noted all the opinions and reasons used in those Discussions, thought to communicate them unto the world, and to draw the words of the Decree to his own meaning, printed a Book containing the whole together, and did intitle it De Natura & Gratia, and did Dedicate it with an Epistle to the Councell, to be (as he said in the Dedication) a Commentary of the two foresaid Decrees. Coming to the Article of the certain­ty of grace, he said in a long Discourse, that the Synod had declared, that a man cannot know he hath grace by so great Certainty, as is that of Faith, excluding all doubt. Catarinus newly made Bishop of Minori, having defended the con­trary, and still persevering, did print a little book, with an Epistle Dedicatory to the same Synod; the scope whereof was, to maintain that the Councels meaning was not to condemn the opinion of him that saith A just man may know he hath grace, as certainly as he knoweth the Articles of Faith to be true: yea that the Councell hath decided that he is bound to beleeve it, because in the 26 Canon it hath condemned him that faith, That the just man ought not to hope for and expect a reward, it being necessary, that he that ought to hope as a just man, should know he is so. In this contrariety of opinions, both writing affirmatively to the Councell; either of them did not only say that his opinion was the opinion of the Synod, but afterwards wrote also and Printed Apologies and Antipologies, making complaints to the Synod the one of the other, of attributing that to it, which it never said, bringing divers testimonies of the Fathers to prove their own opinion: who bare witness some for one, some for another. This seemed to put all men out of hope to understand the meaning of the Councell, seeing the prin­cipall men that were present in it did not agree. History of the Con [...]c. of Trent, l. 2. p. 229, 230.

[Page 158] Cato, he was called Cato Censorius to distinguish him from Cato Vticensis.

Vide elogium ejus apud Valer. Max. l. 8. c. 7. Quis illo gra­vior in lau­dando? acer­bior in vitu­perando? in sententiis argutior? in docendo disserendoque subtilior? Refertae sunt ejus orationes amplius centum & quin­quaginta, & verbis, & rebus illustribus. Caussin. eloquent. Sac. & Human. Parallel. l. 1. c. 42. Vide Liv. Hist. l. 39. c. 40. Pliny l. 7. c. 21. gives him a threefold Elogy, he saith he was Optimus Orator, optimus Imperator, optimus Senator, the best Orator, the best Commander, the best Senator.

M. Porcius Cato Censorius, historicus eximius, & aliis quoque nominibus lauda­tissimus. Voss. De Histor. Lat. l. 1. c. 5.

Plutarch wrote his life.

Catullus Tu modò, qui Catullum ex polieris, da opo [...]m, ut in Tibullo & Propertio, qui locum i [...]li proximum in elegantia verborum, atque in sententiarum con­cinnitate obtinent? quam simillimum tui te praebens: ita tres pulcherrimi poetae, & sine dubio inter Latinos in illo festivo genere principes, veterem suum splendorem, ereptum vetustare, atque hominum inscitia, tuo maxime studio recuperabunt. Manut. Epist. 14. Marco Antonio Mureto., Dulcissimus omnium poetarum & politissimus. Turneb. Advers. l. 12. c. 1.

Jacobus Cavacius. There is his Historia Caenobii D. Justinae Patavinae.

Nemo forte melius nostra hac aetate monstravit quid valeat vivida, & foelix ingenii ab ipsa natura vis, quam Jacobus Cavacius condiscipulus olim noster & amicus om­nium horarum. Historiarum libri sex brevissimo temporis intervallo absoluti, erudi­torum manibus teruntur, quos Phoenix Litteratorum Isaacus Casaubonus unicè mi­rabatur. Pignorii Miscella Elog. Ad clamat. &c.

Jacobus Sir­mondus and he were Confessors to Lewis the 13 th, King of France. Nicol. Caussinus, a very eloquent French Papist, and yet living.

There are these Works of his,

Eloquentiae Sacrae & humanae Paralela.

De Symbolica Aegyptiorum Sapientia.

Polyhistor Symbolicus.

La Cour Saincte.

Thesaurus Graecae Poescos.

Many of his Works are translated into English.

Aurelius Cornelius Celsus Latinus Hippocrates Medicis dici­tur Aurelius Cornelius Cel­sus, quod Hip­pocra [...]em fere torum in La­tinam linguam converterit, & medicinam omnium Latinorum princeps ita absolverit, ut aemulari potius multi quam assequi parem laudem possent. Ejusdem medicinae libri octo adhuc excusi habentur. Neand. Geog., a Learned Physitian. Vir in omni disciplina sum­mus, Augusti principatu, vel Tiberii floruit. Castellanus de vitis medicorum. Vide plura ibid. Hippocrates ille Romanus.

He imitates Hippocrates, as Marcellus doth Scribonius, Virgill Homer, and Ori­basius Galene, sed tam occulte, ut non facile deprehendas, nisi in Hippocrate multum sis versatus. Caius de libris propriis.

Conradus Celtes. Conradus Celtis erat Philoso­phus Orator, atque Mathe­maticus insignis. Inprimis autem artem Poeticam ex­coluit, atque in usum studio­sorum magna cum laude re­duxit. In ea facultate cum natura etiam excelleret, à Caesare Maximiliano Poeta laureatus creatus fuit, anno aetatis trigesimo quinto, atque salutis nostrae 1494. Pantal. de Vir. Illust. parte 2 da. Conradus Celtes homo doctissimus floruit Viennae ci [...]citer ante 100 annos. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 19. He was in esteem in the time of Frederick the Emperour, by whom, through the perswasion of the Duke of Saxony, he was adorned with a Poeticall Lawrell in the 32 year of his age, and was the first of the Germanes that was honoured with this title. Boxhorn. Monum. Illust. Vir. & Elog. Voss. de Histor. Lat. l. 3. c. 10.

He and Eobanus Hessus were two of the most famous Poets of Germany.

He hath put out severall Works:

Index eorum omnium quae in orationem venire possunt.

De situ & moribus Germaniae.

De Conscribendis Epistolis.

Vrbis Norembergae descriptio, Poemata: and other Works.

CHAP. XI.

CEnturiae Ecclesiasticae. 1555. Magde­burgenses mi­nistri, quorum antesignanus est Matthias Flaccus, Illyri­cus, Centurias divulgarunt errorum, men­daciorumque plenissimas. Geneb. Chron. l. 4. Opus, nisi apud iniquos alienarum vigillarum aestimatores, e [...]si haud planè inculpatum, laudabile tamen cum primis utiléque. Gotofred. Epist. Dedicat. ad Philost. Histos. Eccles.

Four Saxons gathered together in the City of Magdeburge, viz. Flaccus Illyricus, Ioannes Vigandus, Matthaeus Index, and Basilius Faber, in re­ligion rigid Lutheranes took upon them to write the whole Ecclesiastical History from Christ to their times by centuries or ages, allowing a hundred year to every age, whence they are called Centuriatores. Pars. threefold Convers. of Engl. part. 1. l. 2. c. 5.

Lucas Osiander hath epitomized the eight first Centuries of the Magdeburgenses, so that he hath scarce omitted any thing necessary to be known.

All godly learned men, Opus certè per quam laudabi­le, Ecclesiaeque nostris praeser­tim tempori­bus (quibus tor ac tantae circa fidem ac disciplinam moveantur controversiae) si cautè interdum & circumspectè legatur, apprimè utile. Whear. Method. leg. Hist. parte prima. Sect. 42. Magnam nominis famam Illyricus consequutus Catalogo suo Testium Veritatis, & Historia Ecclesiastica. Jac. Verheiden. Fuerunt quidem aliquot Zoili inter Pontificios laborem illum arrodentes: sed unicum Joannis Sturmii testimonium omnes malè feriatorum hominum calumnias & finistra judicia facilè refutare poteft. Sic autem Sturmius sua manu in primam Centuriam, rogarus hoc nomine à Secretario Reipub. Magdeburgensis Henrico Merckelio scripsit. Magdeburgensium labor in conficienda historia Ecclesiastica & necessarius; [...]uit, & nostrae aetati utilissimus. Quatuor in ea ego virtutes esse sentio, veritatem, diligentiam, ordinem, perspicuitatem; quas cum historicus assecutus, nihil video quid illi deesse possit, si accedat sermonis Latini puritas & conveniens historiae ratio. Melch. Ad. in vita Wigandi. and truly fearing God (saith Melchior Adam in vita Wigan­di) have with Sturmius approved that Ecclesiastical History, and to this day approve it, because they see an Idea as it were of the Church of Christ in its several Centu­ries contained in it, according to its propagation, persecution, tranquillity, do­ctrine, heresie, Ceremonies, Government, schismes, Synods, persons, miracles, Martyrdoms, the Religion out of the Church and Politick State of the Em­pire.

Jacobus Ceratinus. Horna genuit Jacobum Cera­timum, id est, Hornanum, Graeco vocabulo, non quod illum natalis soli puderet, quo nomine reprehenditur ab Hadriano Junio: sed quod inter illorum temporum eruditos consuetudo ita ferret. Utriusque linguae peritissimus fuit. Graecae-Pro­fe [...]lorem egit Lovanii. Beneficio ejus & incredibili industria primum Lexicon Graecum concinnarum est, magno studiorum bono. Boxhorn. Theat. Holland.

He died at Lovain in the flower of his Age, Anno 1530.

Ludovicus de la Cerda, Ludovicus d [...] la Cerda in Adversariis Sacris, multijugae lectionis opere. Vossius De vitiis Sermonis, lib. 3. cap. 30. a learned and industrious man.

He hath put out these Works,

Adversaria sacra.

Psalterii Salomonis, &c. Gr. MS. codice Latina versio.

De excellentia Coelestiun [...] Spirituum, imprimis de Angeli custodis Ministerio.

Annotationes in Tertullianum.

Com. in Lib. Virgilii, and other Works.

Antonius Rodolphus Cevallerius, a Norman, a great Hebrician. Hoc puer au­diveram ex Antonio Rodol­pho Cevallerio viro doctissi­mo, qui me in his literis eru­diebat. Drus. Respons. ad Minerv. Serar. l. 1. c. 9. Mercerus additamentis ad Thesaurum Pagnini, adsentiente Cevallerio. Cum Cevallerium nomino, intelligo non Petrum qui Genevensis erat: sed Antonium Rodolphum Natione Normannum, alterius praeceptorem. Drus. Tetragram. c. 16. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 54.

There are Rudimenta Hebraicae linguae recognita, & aucta ab eodem, cum Pet. Cevallerii Anno [...]. & Joh. Tremellii Epistola.

Petrus Cevallerius, a French man, and very expert in the Hebrew.

Vir linguae sanctae dum viveret, peritissimus, mibique ob singularem pietatem & morum probitatem charissimus. Cafaub. Animadvers an Athen. l. 3. c. 28.

[Page 160] G [...]ae [...]oe linguae post Argy [...]o. polum Flor [...]n­tiae p [...]ofessor fuit: sed Politiani ambitione inde ejectus mediolanum se contulit. Voss. De Arte Grammat. l. 1. c. 4. Cui Graecae literae aetate nostra ab interitu quodammodo vindicatae, quòd nunc vigeant, debere fateantur, quot aerumnarum eventibus oppressus miserabilem semper vitam egit. Pier. Valer. De Litteratorum infoelicitate, lib. 2. Vide plura ibid. Demetrius Chalcondylas, a diligent Grammarian, who being himself a Grecian by Nation, was Professour of the Greek in Italy.

Vir doctrinâ orthodoxia, scriptis cele­berrimus. Garissol De Imputatione primi peccati. c. 27. Daniel Chamierus a Frenchman, who in his Panstratiae Catholicae hath so learn­edly refuted the Papists, that none of them hath made any answer to it.

His Epistolae Jesuiticae, and Corpus Theologiae also shew his great abilities.

There is also a Work of his in French, entituled, La Confusion Des Disputes Papistes Par Daniel Chamier. And another in answer to some Questions of Coton the Jesuite, which I cannot purchase.

He was killed at Mountaban with a Canon-bullet (which had a C. on it) on the Lords-day. Being asked by one before, Whether he preached on that day? He said, it was his day of repose or rest, and so it proved, though he meant it in ano­ther sense.

Peter Charon a French Papist. Charon en sa Sagesse n'a estè que com­me le Secretai­r [...] de M [...]nsteur du Vair, & de M. de Montagne, soubz lequels il semble qu'il ait escit ce qu'ils luy dictoient, tant il a fait peu de scrupule de se seruit de leur inventions, & de leurs propres paroles. Apologie Pour M. De Balzac.

He hath written a fine Treatise De La Sagesse, if he be not beholding to others for it.

Vixit Anno Domini 140 [...]. Propter do­cendi gratiam & libertatem quasi alter Dantes aut Petrarcha quos ille etiam in linguam nostram tran­stulit, in qui­bus Romana Ecclesia tan­quam sedes Antichristi describitur, & ad vivum ex primitur. Humphr Praefat. ad lib. de Jesuitis no. Fuere & in Britannorum idiomate & eorum vernaculo sermone aliqui poetae ab eis summo pretio habi [...]i inter quos Galfredus Chaucerus vetustior qui multa scripsit, & Thomas Viatus, ambo insignes equites. Lil. Gyrald. De Poet. noit. Temp. Dial. 2. Galfridus Chaucerus, Jeffery Chaucer, he was born in Oxfordshire.

He first of all so illustrated the English Poetry, that he may be esteemed our English Homer. He is our best English Poet, and Spencer the next.

Praedicat Algerum meritò Florentia Dantem,
Italia & numeros tota Petrarcha tuos.
Anglia Chaucerum veneratur nostra Poeta
Cui Veneres debet patria lingua suas.
Lel. lib. Epig.

He seems in his Works to be a right Wiclevian, as that of the Pellican and Grif­fin shews.

He was an acute Logician, a sweet Rhetorician, a facetious Poet, a grave Philo­sopher, and a holy Divine.

His Monument is in Westminster-Abbey.

Chaucerus linguam patriam magna ingenii solertia ac cultura plurimùm ornavit, itemque alia, cum Joannis Mone poema de arte amandi Gallicè tantùm legeretur, An­glico illud metro feliciter reddidit. Voss. De Histor, Lat. l. 3. c. 2.

Antoine de Chandieu, a learned French Divine.

De la tresrare erudition, pie­tè entiere, diligence in­croyable & dexteritè ad­mirable. Beze Epistre au Roy deuant Son Traicte Des Marques De L' Eglise Catholique. Beza highly commends his Book of the Marks of the true Church.

There are other Works also of his,

De l' unique Sacrifice.

Contre les Traditions.

Comprehensus fuit Jo. Checus, ac à ministris regiis in ipsa via quae Antuerpia Bruxellas ducit equo deturbatus, & funibus ad plaustrum religatus donec ob vo­luto capite in navem conjectus est, & ad turrem, Londinensem (ignarus quo veheretur) abductus est. Ibi minis ac terroribus ad Palinodiam adactus est, cum à Pontificiis erroribus toto animo abhorreret. Cujus rei poenitentia ductus, maerore paulo post contabescens mortuus est. Godw. Rer. Anglis. Annal. l. 3.Sir John Cheek. He was Schoolmaster to King Edward the 6 th, and most skilfull in Greek and Latine.

[Page 161]He was Publique Oratour, and Greek Reader in Cambridge. In the discharge of the later he went over Sophocles twice, all Hom [...], all Euripides, and part of He­rodotus.

Roger Ascham in the first Book of his Epistles, speaking of him and Sir Thomas Smith, saith, Qui si adscribendum se dedissent, nec in Sadoleto Italia, nec in Longolio Gallia, justius, quam in istis duobus Anglia gloriata fuisset.

He was the first Regius Professour of the Greek Tongue in Cambridge, as Sir Thomas Smith was of Law. They were both Fellows of the same Colledge, both Professours in the same University, both Officers of State in the same Court, both wrote De pronunciatione linguae Graecae. They two especially by their advice and example brought the study of Tongues, and other politer Learning first into re­quest in Cambridge.

Under God Sir John Cheek was a special instrument of the propagation of the Gospel, D r L. in the life of Sir John Cheek. and that religion which we now professe in this Kingdom. For he not only sowed the seeds of that Doctrine in the heart of Prince Edward, which after­ward grew up into a general Reformation, when he came to be King, but by his means the same saving truth was gently instilled into the Lady Elizabeth, by those who by his procurement were admitted to be the Guides of her younger stud [...].

In Henry the eighths time his friends and familiars were most of those worthy men which proved Reformers in King Edwards dayes, and either Martyrs or ex­iles in Queen Maries. His forreign acquaintance were Sleidan, Melancthon, Sturmius, Bucer, Camerarius, Celius, Peter Martyr, and others, great Scholars, and good Protestants.

He went into Low-Germany, Vt uxorem educeret, saith Sleiden, to fetch his wife from thence. These words were corrupted into Vxorem duceret by Thuanus and others, for he was married before.

In his return from Bruxwels to Antwerp he was apprehended by a Provost-Mar­tial from King Philip, and so conveighed speedily away to the Tower of London. He was there by threatnings, and other wayes brought to a recantation, for which he was after much troubled, and so died.

Sir John Cheeks Works were,

Introductio Grammatices, l. 1.

De Ludi magistrorum officio, l. 1.

De Pronunciatione linguae Graecae.

Correctiones Herodoti, Thucididis, Platonis, Demosthenis, & Xenophontis, lib. plurimis.

Epitaphia. l. 1.

Panegyricus in nativitatem Edvardi Principis.

Elegia de aegrotatione & obitu Edvardi 6 ti.

In obitum Antonii Dennei. l. 1.

De obitu Buceri.

Commentarii in Psalmum 139. & alios.

An liceat nubere post Divortium, lib. 1.

De Fide justificante, lib. 1.

De aqua lustrali, cineribus & palmis, ad Wintoniensem, l. 1.

De Eucharistiae Sacramento, l. 1.

Collegit in Parliamento argumenta & rationes ex utraque parte super negotio Eu­charistiae.

Libellus de damno ex seditione.

He translated also other things out of Greek into Latine, and out of English in­to Latine.

Martinus Chemnitius. Natus est Anno 1522. Inter labores ejus primas facilè obtinet, ille, quem dogmatibus, decretis, & Canonibus Concilii. Tridentini examinandis & re­ [...]utandis impendit, utilem sanè omnibus veritatem amantibus. Ipse etiam inter primos ex [...]titit, qui Naturam artes & doctrinam Jesuitarum Germanis, quantum illis temporibus patuit deregate coepit. Melchior. Adam. in ejus vita. Vir eximius atque acerrimus Pontificiarum partium oppugnator. Gul. Rivet. Vind. Evang. part. 3. c. 6. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 4. l. 84. D.Chemnitiu [...] non postremus est in catalogo haetericorum: quia c [...]men Til­dentini Conciliabuli non leviter ipsis dolat. Hasennul. Historia Jesuit. on [...]. c. 7.

[Page 162]A most famous and learned Doctor of Divinity, in the Church of Bruns­wick.

His Harmony and other Theological writings are most profitable, especially that excellent Work, or rather most rich Theological Bibliothique, which contains both a Refutation of the Councel of Trent, and also an Explication of the whole Doctrine of the Church: to be read daily by all to whom the knowledge of the truth is welcome, saith Neander.

Andreas du Chesne, the King of France his Geographer. He hath put one di­vers French Books.

Renatus Summus nostrae aetatis jurisconsultus. Geneb. Chron. l. 4. Chopinus.

There are several Books of his.

Monasticon.

De Sacra Politia.

De Civil Paris moribus.

De domanio Franciae & Privilegiis Rusticorum.

Panegyricus Henrici quarti, and other Works.

Emanuel Chrysoloras of Constantinople. Emanuel Chry­soloras Byzan­tius, Graecas literas in Ita­liam quasi postliminio reduxit, quae per 700 annos ferè exulave­rant. Geneb. Chronol. l. [...]. Primus Graecas literas variis Barbarorum irruptionibus expulsas, post septingentos annos in Italiam reportavit. Paul: Job. Elog. Doctorum vitorum.

[...]e first brought back again the Greek Language after seven hundred years and Le [...]rning into Italy, writing a Grammar, and he stirred up the Europeans against B [...]jazet. Pezel. Mellif. Histor. part. 3.

See Antoine du Verdier his Preface to his Bibliotheque.

He came to Italy under Boniface the 9 th, and first taught at Venice, then at Flo­rence, afterward he went to the Councel of Constance, there he was put to death, and was praised at his Funeral by Poggius his Scholar.

Petrus Chrysologus Ita dictus quemadmo­dum Chryso­stomus ob au­ream dicendi vim atque eloquentiam. Possev. Apparat. Soc. Floruit Petrus Chrysologus Ravennae Archiepiscopus, vergente quinto saeculo, prope annum Domini 500. Forbes. Instruct. Histor. Theol. l. 13. c. 8., the golden spoken man.

He was Archbishop of Ravenna 450 years after Christ.

His Works are in one Volume.

John Chrysostome, Anno Dom. 400.398. saith Calvisius.

Disertissimus Patrum & in Scripturis enar­randis Graeco­rum princeps. Montacut. Appar. 2. Vide Caesaub. l. 2. Ep. 84. & 93. Basilii quem­admodum in literis, sic eti­am in profes­sione syncerio­ris vitae socius, atque ut ita loquar, Achates, quicquid ferè scripsit, ad popularem captum accommodavit, eôque fusior est ac simplicior, & in locis communibus spaciari maluit, quam in difficilimis versari quaestionibus. Hos triumviros Gregorium Nazian­zenum, Basilium, Chrysostomum una tulit aetas apud Graecos, pietate pares, nec dispares eruditione, sed dictionis charactere dissimiles: quos si cum nostris conferre velis, Chrysostomus non dissimilis est Augustino, Gregorius Am­brosio, qui si Graecè scripsisset, plutimum negotii fuisset exhibiturus interpreti. Quem Basilio conferam nondum invenio, nisi si quis scripturatum cognitionem quam habuit Hieronymus, cum Lactaentii foelici facilitate copulet. Eras. l. 26. Epist. Epist. 33. Ego studiosissimus illius Patris sum, tum quia nullus melior Novi Testamenti inter­pres, tum & propter miram dulcedinem, & amaenitatem dictionis, quam post illum nullus Ecclesiasticus scriptor consequipotuit. Jos. Scalig. Epist. l. 4. Epist. 389. Cum Aristophanis Comici Atheniensis Comoedias assiduè lege­ret, adeò ut etiam duo dexriginea ejus Comoedias Graecas sub pulvino abderet dormiturus, eloquentiam hinc & se­veritatem quibus est mirabilis didicisse existimatur. Nea [...]d. Geog. part. 1.A Greek and Ecclesiastical writer, a writer no lesse profitable then copious, no lesse copious then sweet, Quo nemo ex antiquis aut majore dexteritate scripturas tra­ctavit, aut populum docuit salubrius aut hareticos oppugnavit acrius, quo nemo aut ad virtutis studia inflammavit vehementius, aut vitia sui temporis insectatus est libe­rius. Bois in the Preface to his Notes upon Chrysostomes third Tome. Post sacra Bi­blia & Paulinas imprimis Epistolas nullum novi scriptum, in quo, qui concionatores sunt, & Graece non nesciunt, majore cum fructu versentur, quam in beata Chryso­stomi homiliis, quas ita numerosas reliquit, ut nemo plures, ita bonas ut nemo melio­res, ita disertas & dilucidas, ut nihil ne excogitari quidem possit disertum aut diluci­dum magis. Bois ibid.

The foundest Interpreter I think of all the Greek and Latine Fathers. D r Hackw. Apol. l. 5. The Christian Demosthenes.

[Page 163]Although he very well answeres his name, yet he sometimes redounds with words, and seems immoderate in digressions. Eras. Epist. l. 28. Epist. 7.

He doth excellently on the New Testament.

There is Opus imperfectum on Matthew in Latine, of which there is nothing to be found in the Greek books of Chrysostomes, Opus sine dubio ab aliquo ex Latinis Patribus confectum, nec minùs erudito, nec minus fortasse antiquo nostro Johanne. Sir Henry Savill in his Notes on Chrysost.

Quando Chrysostomi cognomen Johanni nostro tribui coeptum, non est facilè statuere.

See of this at the beginning of the Notes at the end of Chrysostomes eighth Tome put out by Sir Henry Savill.

David Chytraeus. He was a good Mathematician, De re Histori­ca optimè me­ritus. Whear. as his Master also Philip Melan­cthon was.

Petrus Ciaconius, a very learned man, and a great Restorer of ancient Writers.

His Opuscula and his Notes upon Caesar and Hirtius, and De Triclinio Rom. & De vita scriptisque ejus, are published.

CHAP. XII.

M. CIcero. Anno Mundi 3855. Helv. Chron. Cognomina­tus est Cicero quia quiddam in figuram Ci­ceris promi­nens habebat in naso suo. Whethamsted. De viris illustribus. Vide Eras Epist. Epist. 28. Vide etlam Ludov. Viv. de trad. discip. l. 3. Natura Ciceroni ad summum eloquentiae principatum initia rudia contulit, ars incrementa dedit, sed improbissimus ille perpetuae Commentationis & exercitationis labor infinita quadam accessione & naturae initia, & artis incrementa superavit. Rami Ciceronianus. Vide plura ibid. Hic ille est Marcus Tullius dono quodam providentiae genitus, in quo totas vires suas eloquentia experiretur, par Imperio Romano ingenium, os magnum, sapiens, beatum, nectare, & am­brosia difflueus, ex omnium feculorum ingeniorum virtutibus collecta in unum perfectio. Vir de quo dubites, an ipse totus ex eloquentia, an ex ipso tota eloquentia sit confecta. Certè nihil est facundius, tot sunt in eo virtut [...], quot genera eloquentiae, quot dicta tot purpurae, quot verba tot flores. Caussin. Eloq. Sac. & Human. Parallel. l. 1. c. 62. Boxhorn. Monum. Illust. vir. & Elog. habet eadem verba. Vide Casaub. Epist. 354.

He was born in Arpinum.

He propounded to himself Demosthenes for a patern to imitate, whence he was called the Roman Demosthenes.

Some think that he exceeds Demosthenes, and Virgil Homer.

Oratores verò vel praecipuè Latinam eloquentiam parem facere Graecae possunt. Nam Ciceronem cuicunque eorum fortiter opposuerim. Ille se profecisse sciat, cui Cicero valde placebit. Quintil. Institut. Orat. l. 10. c. 1.

He compares there Tully and Demosthenes, and concludes, Salibus certe & com­miseratione qui duo plurimum affectus valent vincimus. Quid quod & Cicero dissi­milimus Demosthenis: Nihil enim adjici alteri: Nihil alteri detrahi potest: vide­licet orationis ille succus alteri quidem penè deest: alteri vero quasi superfluit. Polit. l. 5. Epist. Ep. 1.

Terentius Varro and Julius Caesar chose him for an Umpire, when both wrote concerning the Latine Tongue, the first of Etymology, the other of Ana­logy. See Plin. l. 7. c. 30.

Romani maximus auctor eloquii. Aug. de civit. Dei, l. 14. c. 18. Vide Campianum de imitat. Rhetor. c. 2.

Non tantum perfectus Orator, sed etiam Philosophus fuit, siquidem solus extitit Platonis imitator. Lactant. Institut. l. 1. De falsa relig.

Some therefore preferre his Philosophical Works.

His Offices was the first book that was printed, and an excellent piece.

Liber non suo pretio habitus ideo quod omnium manibus teritur. Grotii Ep. ad Gallos.

His Epistles ad Atticum are an excellent History of those times. Anima elo­quenti [...] Ci­cer [...], qui in foro, senatu roftisque grandi loquae facultatis majestate sonuit. Dilh. Disput. Acad.

He set himself to imitate the Grecians, he expresseth the form of Demosthenes, [Page 164] the copiousnesse of Plato, the pleasantnesse of Isocrates, saith Quintilian in the place before-cited. Repetitio quaedam & geminatio verborum: idem signifi­cantium, Cice­roni familiaris est ac propè perpetua: Hanc uberta­tem & copiam laudo: com­mutatis ver­bis; variatis figuris, quo magis res im­primatur in animis, non­nunquam in eadem senten­tia commora­tur orator: majoris hujus impressionis commorationem probo: interdum alio loco dicta nulla nova ratione denuò reponit: id ne (que) laudo nequis probo. Rami Ciceronianus. Si quicquam in Cicerone Ciceroniano maxime cavendum [...]ugiendumque sit, ista sane jactantia est, quia maximè animos audientium laedit: maximeque illud quicquid dicendo petitur, amittit. Id. ibid. Vide Quintil. Instit. Orat. l. 10. c. 1.

His Repetitions without any Reason sometimes are disliked by Ramus, and his vain-glorious boasting.

O fortunatam natam me Consule Romam:
Cedant arma togae, concedat laurea linguae.

Yet Turnebus in his 7 th book of his Adversaria, c. 19. both defends Tully, and that former verse.

Versus ille Ciceronis, qui obtrectatorum ejus & invidorum virulentos morsus exci­tavit in ipsum. ‘O fortunatam natam me Consule Romam.’ hanc opinor sententiam centinet, foelicem illo Reipublicae statu Romam fuisse, quam constituerat confirmaratque in Consulatu, optimatum enim potestatem & Senatus au­ctoritatem stabilierat, & cum principibus conjunxerat equites. Neque verò est cur vel à Quintil. lib. 9. c. 4. vel Juven. Sat. 19. versus irrideatur ob iterationem earundem syllabarum, hoc enim veteres in deliciis habebant, ut Maro 3. Aeneid.

—tales casus Cassandra canebat.

Many which strive to imitate Tully, differ much from him, and among them­selves.

Aspice nunc eos homines: qui sibi elegerunt Marcum Tullium imitandum: quan­tum ab eo distent: quantum etiam inter se dissimiles sint. Profluentem quandam sine modestia ubertatem Linius arripuit: acumen Quintilianus: sonum Lactantius: leui­tatem Curtius: elegantiam Columella. Polit. Epist. l. 8. Epist. 17. Vide Campianum de Imit. Rhetor. c. 4, 5 & 6.

John Claimund President of Corpus Christi Colledge in Oxford.

He hath written learned Commentaries upon all Plinies Natural History.

Isidorus Clarius.

Patrià Brixia­nus, professio­ne Benedicti­mus, vir tribus linguis doctis­simus, qui ad doctrinam Christianam mores castissi­mos, vitam integerrimam, animum nihil praeter charitatem & Ecclesiae emendationem ac unionem spirantem attulit. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. lib. 16.He hath written,

In Evang. Lucae.

In Sermones Domini in Monte.

De modo divitiarum.

Orationes Extraordinariae.

Scholia in Novum Testamentum.

Claudia Britannici generis nobi­lissima mulier, nominis cla­ritudinem ex ingenti utri­usque linguae Latinae & Graecae notitia per Italiam & alias mundi nationes commeruit. Maritum habebat fortu­nis atque eruditione sibi non dissimilem (à quo cognomentum acoepit) Aulum videlicet Rufum, cognomine Pudentem, etrusca nobilitate equitem insignem, Poetam Bononiensem, ac Stoica sectae Philosophum eruditum. Balaus De Script. Brytan. Cent. 1. Rufina, Anno Dom. 80.

Martial the Poet commends her in his Epigrams for her beauty, fruitfulnesse, conjugal fidelity, learning, and her husband for his courtesie, friendship, liberality, piety, learning, study and Ciceronian-eloquence.

Anno Aerae Christi 379. Helv. Chron. Maximus Claudianus a famous Poet.

He flourished in the times of Theodosius, and his sonnes Arcadius and Honorius. Alexandria in Egypt was his Countrey. He was much esteemed, for the most lear­ned [Page 165] Emperours say, that in him alone was both Virgils minde, and Homers muse. Poeta Claudia­nus solo argu­mento ignobi­liore oppressus, addit de inge­nio quantum de est materiae. Foelix in eo calor, cultus non invisus, temperatum judicium, dictio candida, numeri non affectati, acutè dicta multa sine am­bitione. Scalig. Hypercritic. c. 5. Claudianus ingenii ac spiritus planè Poetici. Lud. Viv de Tradend. Discip. lib. 3. Poeta est, non qui fabularum obscuris ambagibus aures potius titillet quam animum instruat. Gravissimus & compositae ad politicam doctrinam nervositacis stylus materies, laudum principalium omne genus. Boxhora. Monum. illust. Vir. & Elog. Lil. Gyrald. De Poet. Histor. Dial. 4.

There are these Works of his,

Epistola Sidonio.

Carmina de Fontibus Apeni.

The Rape of Proserpine, englished by learned Digges.

Claudius the Emperour, though simple, was not illiterate. Claudius Im­perator, quan­tâ curâ, & poenè dixerim ambitione, tres novas litteras invexit, iisque Romanam linguam auxit? non aliâ, quam si totidem regnis imperii fines. Lips. De Recta Pronunciat. Latinae Linguae. cap. 3.

Christophorus Clavius, a Jesuite, Natione Ger­manus, scien­tias Mathe­maticas avi­dissimè ac stu­diosissime didicit, & magna cum laude diu professus est. Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societ. Jesu. A Philippo Alegambe edi­ta. Et certe non video quid Mathematica studia Clavio contulerint, qui his adeo infans est, ut mediocriter literis huma­nioribus tinctus haec melius intelligat, quam ille qui toto vitae suae tempore nihil praeter Mathematica tractavit. Scalig. Can. I [...]ag. l. 3. Ex omnibus ejus lucubrationibu [...] quibus in lucem prolaris, nominis sui memoriam, omnium saeculorum posteritati commendavit, Euclides, & sphaera. Jo de Sacro Bosco, commentariis illustrata, est talis, ut in arce pon [...] possit, quasi Minerva ill Phidiae, in qua nihil est nisi absolutum atque perfectum. Jani Nicii Erythraei Pinacotheca. Vide plura ibid. and famous Professour of the Mathematicks at Rome.

His several Works are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue.

Nic. de Clamangis.

He flourished about the year 1416. a pious and learned man, a follower of po­liter speech and learning. Illyr. Catal. Test. verit. l. 19.

His Works are together in one Volume.

Clemens Alexandrinus, so called, because he was Governour of the School at Alexandria after Pantanus his Master. He lived under Severus and Caracalla, Anno Aerae Christ [...]anae 161. Helv. Chron. Clementis A­lexandrini & antiquitas, & summa con­summataque eruditio. Erat acer vehemens­que & sensu sententiisque pollens. Mon­tacut. Antidiar. Clemens Alexandrinus, scriptor in primitiva olim Ecclesia admodum celebris, tum pietatis, tum eruditionis nomine, flo­ruit circiter 200 Domini annum. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. lib. 2. Feruntur ejus insignia volumina, plenaque eruditionis & eloquentiae, tam de Scripturis divinis, quam de saecularis literaturae instrumento. Hieron. de Script. Eccles as himself witnesseth, l. 1. Strom.

He was Origens Master, saith Bellarmine.

He lived about the year 200, viz. in the beginning of the third Age or Centu­ry. Calvis. in his Chronology saith, he flourished in the year of Christ 194.

He wrote a little after the death of Commodus. He abounded in all sacred and exotick knowledge to a miracle, and those many excellent Monuments of his wit which are published, he doth imbellish with much learning and many testimonies of Christians, Philosophers, and also Hereticks.

Eusebius l. 5 Hist. c. 10. saith, He was exercised in the Divine Scriptures. Casaub. Exercit. 1. ad Baron. apparat. p. 2. cals him inexhaustae Doctrinae virum.

Clemens Romanus Episcopus.

He is the first and most ancient of all writers since the Apostles. Sub Clementis Romani nomi­ne jam olim prodiit liber cujus titulus, Constitutiones Apostolorum. Nec defuerunt nostris temporibus ex Adversariis nonnulli viri alioquin eruditi, sed judicio hac in parte non utentes, qui Clementis genuinum opus esse pertinaciter contenderent. Albertinus De Sacramento Eucha­ristiae l. 2. c. 3. Vide plura ibid. De illis libris Constitutionum nihil habent Eusebius, nihil Hieronymus, nihil Ge [...]adi [...], Gerhardi Patrologia.

He is counted by some of the Papists to be the Author of the Apostolical Con­stitutions. He was contemporary to the Apostles, and is mentioned by S t Paul as his fellow-worker, Phil. 4.3.

[Page 166] Nicholaus Clenardus was of yBrabant.

Exoticarum linguarum pe­ritia vel exte­rorum homi­num testimo­nio, Belgarum poenè propria est. Argumen­to in eruditis linguis unus è millibus Clenardus sit, qui easdem ratione traditas, non Lovanii modò, sed apud exteros etiam, magna sui admiratione, propagavit. Testantur id Libri Epistolarum peregrinationis suae; quarum plerasque Jacobo Latomo Doctori suo, Joachimo Politae, Rutgero Rescio, aliisque amicis inscripsit. Auberti Miraei Elog. Belg. Praeter La­tinam, Graecam, & Hebraeam (quae in omnibus pene Academiis regnant) [...]rabicam quoque Grammaticam con­scripsit; extatque manuscripta in Hispania apud J. Pe [...]resium Valentinum hominem doctissimum. Id. ibid. Graecis Hebraicisque literis imbutus, eas Lovanii maxima cum laude docuit. Linguae Arabicae discendae studio in Africam trajecit. Swertii Athenae Belgicae. In Academia Fessana Satacenicae gentis, linguam Arabicum didicit. Neand. Geog. parte tertia.He was a good Linguist, most skilfull in the Hebrew, Greek and Latine Tongues, and taught them all with praise at Lovain, to which that he might adde the profes­sion of the Arabick, he travelled almost ten years.

It is said, that he was killed by his own slave which taught him Arabick, because he thought he would make use of his skill therein against the Alcoran.

There is his Grammatica Graeca, his Epistolae, Mediationes Graecanicae in Artem Graecam.

Cleobulina daughter to Cleobulus, one of the seven Wise men of Greece. She wrote certain Riddles in hexameter verses.

Joh. Climachus, in the year 580.

His Works are Greek and Latine.

There is his Vita & Opuscula, Scala Paradisi.

Joh. Cloppenburgus a learned Writer. There is his Book Contra Socinum, and others.

Linguarum septem, utpote Latinae, Graecae, Italicae, Galli­cae, Hispanicae, Lusitanicae & Belgicae, exa­ctam habuit peritiam. Historiarum vulgo incognitarum & scriptor & censor acutissimus, uti & Cosmographiae doctissimus. Melch. Ad. vit. Germ. medic. Et Boissardi Icones. Carolus Clusius, a great Linguist. Lipsius thus sported on him,

Omnia Naturae dum Clusi, arcana recludis,
Clusius haud ultra sis, sed Aperta mihi.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard.

Pet. Cluniacensis. Petrus abbas Cluniacensis floru [...] duo­decimo seculo. Is unus eorum est qui Romanam tyrannidem animadvertit & accusavit. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. In the year 1150.

He was called Venerabilis Petrus. His Works are in one Volume.

Philippus Clunerius. His Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Vir stupendae lectionis & curae. Dilher. Disput. Acad.

Princeps aetatis nostrae Geographus. Voss. de Histor. Graec.

Magnum Germaniae ornamentum doctissimus Cluuerius noster. Voss. Hist. Pelag.

John à Coch, or Cocceius.

Amama in an Epistle to Martinius before that book of his, entituled, Duo ti­tuli Thalmudici Sanhedrin & Maccoth, gives this Elogy of him, Excitatum eum di­vinitus esse statuo ad provehenda altius linguaram Orientalium studia, & reseranda nobis Judaeorum sacraria. Nullus equidem Christianorum tantum in thalmudicis pub­lice unquam praestitit, quantum ille eruditissimo hoc & de quo non nisi eruditissimi ju­dicabunt, scripto.

His Exposition of Job, the small Prophets, and his Book De foedere, are well esteemed.

Christ. Columbus an Italian, a most skilfull Cosmographer.

Novum or­bem in Atlan­tico mari Hi­spanis primus aperuit. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. lib. 1. Vide Uberti Folietae Elogia. Et Boissardi Iconce.He found out America, called the New world Anno 1492.

Columbus by his glorious discoveries more justly deserved a place for a Ship among the Southern constellations, then ever the Argonantes did for their so cele­brated Argo. M r George Sandys Commentary upon the 13 th Book of Ovids Meta­morphosis.

[Page 167]To him most truly agrees Plus ultrá.

Realdus Columbus Extant ejus de re Anato­mica libri 15. Ubi multis ostenditur quid ipse veterum & ante se recentiorum ju [...]enis hic addiderit. Neand. Geog. part. 1., Anatomicorum post Vesalium princeps. Neand.

Pet. Floret Anno Aerae Christi 1171. Petri Lombar­di frater no­thus. Calvis. Chron. Presbyter Ecclesiae Trecensis, Comestor cognominatus est, ut Trithemius autumat, quod Bibliorum Testimonia in suis scriptis & concionibus adeo frequenter citare solitus sit, ut Scripturarum sacrarum codicem velut comedisse diceretur. Illyr. Catal. Test. verit. l. 15. Comestor.

He and Peter Lombard and Gratian were brethren born in adultery, at some hold, but Bellarmine thinks that opinion is without ground, seeing they were of several Countreyes.

Philip de Commines Knight, was born at Commines a Town in Flanders. Fuit is ex il­lustri apud Flandros gente Comminaea, Au­tei velleris equestri orna­mento splen­descente, vir forma elegan­ti, & procera corporis digni­tate. Res gestas omnium gen­tium, ac prae­sertim Roma­norum Galli­cè redditus (neque enim Latinè sciebat) diligentissimè legerat, & memoria prope tenebat. Qua & in primis valuit, adeò ut Julii Caesaris exemplo, quatuor saepè scribis litteras de variis gravissimisque Reipub negotiis eodem tempore di­ctarer, tanta quidem facilitate, quasi unum tantum tractaret argumentum Auberti Mir [...]i Elogia Belgica. Vide Scaev. Samarth. Gallorum doctrina illust. Elog. En [...]e autres i [...] fau [...] auouer que Philippe de Commines, qui ne scavoit pas s'l y avoit vn Polybe & u'n Tacite aumonde, C. Car ces excellans Historiens combuttoient encor auec la poudre & les vers, dans les Bibliotheques des momes, ne laisse pas de s' accorderau ec eux, & d' estre de mesme aduis en la pluspart de les ingements. Apologie pour M de Bel [...]ac. Scripsit Historiam ante annos paulo minus Centum Phi­lippus Comminaus, ita laudabiliter, ut nihil verear componere eum cum quovis antiquorum. Incredibile est quam ille omnia videat. penetret, arcana consiliorum etat, & subinde instiuat nos salucaribus tarisque praeceptis piis, & id diffuse, Polybiano quodam exemplo. Dignum Alexandris omnibus hic Philippus. Lips. Not in 1. l. Politic. Vide plura ibid. Philippus Comminaeus Historicus, quinto decimo exeunte seculo, sed cum antiquis melioribus est com­parandus. Possev. Biblioth. Select. Tom. 2. l. 16. c. 39.

In his youth he served Charles Duke of Burgundy, and afterward Lewis the 11 th of that name King of France, who imployed him in his weightiest and secretest af­fairs. The French Tongue he spake perfectly and eloquently, the Italian, Dutch and Spanish reasonably well.

He hath written the History of France under Lewis the 11 th and Charles the 8 th his Sonne.

He was the Spectator and actor of his History.

Nothing more grieved him, then that in his youth he was not trained up in the Latine Tongue, which his misfortune he often bewailed. The Emperour Charles the fifth, and Francis the first King of France made so great account of this Histo­ry, that the Emperour carried it continually about with him, and the King was much displeased with the publishing thereof.

Philippus Cominius rerum gerendarum usu clarissimus senator. Bod. de Repub. lib. 3. cap. 7.

He in his History dived so farre into, and writ so plainly of the greatest affairs of State, that Queen Catharine de Medices used to say, that he had made as many hereticks in State-policy, as Luther had done in Religion.

Stephanus Paschasius hath this Epitaph of him,

Gallorum, & nostrae laus una & gloria gentis,
Hic Cominaee jaces, si modo fortè jaces:
Historiae vitam potuisti reddere vivus,
Extincto vitam reddidit Historia.

Hier Natione Gallus, sem literariam multum juvit, editis tum veterum Graecorum plurimis nunquam antea editis monumentis, tum Athanasio imprimis, & B. Jo Chry­sostomi magna operum parte. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. l. 119. Commelinus.

Anna [...] Comnenas. Empresse of the East, a learned woman. She hath written eight books, [...] De rebus à Patre gestis Gr.

CHAP. XIII.

Sex fuisse Ge­neralia legiti­ma Concilia nemini est du­bium. Ea sunt Nicenum ha­bitum contra Arium an. 325. Constantinopoli­tanum primum, contra Mace­donium anno 383. Ephesinum contra Nestorium an. 431. Chalcedonense contra Eutychetem, an 452. Constantinopolitanum secundum, sub Justiniano, & tempore Vigilii, contra trium capitulorum defensores, an. 553. Constantinopolitanum tertium sub Constantino Pogonato contra Monothelicas, an. 680. His sex duo addenda, Sardicense, an. 347. & Constantinopo­linatum sub Menua, an 536. quae utraque Generalia, utraque Legitima, sed id circo in numero Conciliorum non recen­sentur, quia in eorum neutro controvesia ulla nova de fide definita est; sed quae antea in aliis Conciliis fuerant de­finita, in his [...] & corroborata fuere. Crakanth Log. l. 5. c. 16. COncilia Councels.

There were six Oecumenical Councels, orthodox, and almost recei­ved by all.

Bishop Andrews in his Sermon on Numb. 10. v. 1, 2. reckons up seven. See that Sermon.

The first Nicene Councel called by the Emperour Constantine the Great against Arius, who denied the Deity of Christ. This was held in the year of our Lord 325. at Nice in Bithinia. It consisted of 318 Bishops. The Fathers of that Coun­cel did publish a Creed against the Arians.

The greatest of all Councels next to the Apostles Councel, the great Councel of Nice of 318 Bishops.

Urbs Nicaea clara à Synodo Nicaena, quo coacti à Magno Constantino primo Chri­stiano Imperatore convenerunt contra Arium Alexandrinum in Aegypto Diaconum 318 Episcopi, quorum plerique Constantia tempore persecutionis & dono miraculorum clari fuere, teste Eusebio probatissimo Graeco scriptore. Neand. Geog. parte 2 da. Vide Aug. Roch. Biblioth. Vatic. p. 58. to 75. of all these Councels.

The first Constantinopolitan Councel called by the Emperour Theodosius the elder against Macedonius, who denied the Deity of the holy Ghost, in the year of the Lord 383, or 384.

The first Ephesine Councel called by Theodosius the younger against Nestorius, who held, That there were two persons in Christ, in the year 430, or 434.

4. The Chalcedonian Councel called by the Emperour Martian against Euty­ches, which affirmed. That there was onely one Nature in Christ after the Incar­nation, in the year of the Lord 451, or as some 452, and others 454.

To these two other Councels are added, the fifth, the second Constantinopolitan, in the year 548, or as others reckon it 553. called by Justinian against the Arians, Nestorians, Eutychians.

The sixth is the third Constantinopolitan Councel against the Monethelites, in the year 681, called by Constantinus Pognatus or Barbarus.

For the Councel of Trent Extat refuta­tio Concilii Tridentini à Martino Chemnitio adornata nomine Examinis adversus Jacobum Payvam Andradium Lusitanum, anno 7 [...] edita: Nec non Job. alvini Antidoton, & Innocintii Gentiletti Examen, quo demonstrat in multis Articulis hoc Concili­um antiquis Conciliis & Canonibus, Regisque Galliae autoritati esse contrarium, ac proinde nullum, & Concilia­bulum Pharisaicum esse convincit. Pezel. Mellific. Histor. part. 3. Calvin wrote against it whilst it sate, and Chemnitius and Gentilettus since. Vide ejus Exam. Conc. Trid. l. 3. Sess. 12.

Because nothing was resolved by the Fathers at the Councel of Trent, but all in Rome, History of the Councel of Trent. l. 6. p. 147. The Tridentine Councel was ce­lebrated in the City of Trent in the year 1546. under Pope Paul the third. Between the first and last Session of the Coun­cel of Trent were eighteen years. All the Articles of the Popish Doctrine were confirmed in it. Historia Concilii Tridentini Petri Suavis, l. 6. Cujus Germanus author à quibusdam creditur esse Pater Paulus qui causam Venero­rum adversus Paulum V. Pont. acerrimè defendit, à quo primùm Italica lingua conscripta est, & postea auspiciis Marci Antonii de Dominis in Latinam linguam translata, qui eam aliquoties commendat. Gerh. Confes. Cathol l. 1. General. part. 1. c. 4. a blasphemous Proverb was generally used, That, The Synod of Trent was guided by the holy Ghost sent thither, from time to time in a Cl [...]-bag from Rome.

In this mock-Councel, the Pope which was the principal party accused of He­resie, [Page 169] was the onely Judge and disposer of all things passed therein against all good Examples, Laws, Equity and Reason.

Though the Councel of Trent hath been sufficiently answered by the Protestant Divines, yet that excellent History of the Councel of Trent was never answered by the Papists.

In the Councel of Constance Communion under both kindes, and Wickliffs opi­nions were condemned.

John Hus and Jerom of Prague were burned against faith given, and safe conduct granted by the Emperour. Then that wicked maxim was established, Haereticis fides non est seruanda, which is against Nature, Scripture, and the Law of Nations.

There is Summa Conciliorum & Pontificum à Petro usque ad Concilium Tridenti­num per Bartholomaeum Caranzam Ord. praedicat. 1600. Lugduni.

The National Synod of Dort began in the year 1618. To which were sent from England, France, Germany, and other Reformed Churches, many Learned and Orthodox Divines, to discusse and unfold those unhappy Arminian Controversies with which the Low-countreys was then molested.

Confessiones variae. Hîc tum cele­berr ima illa Doctrinae confessio, ab urbe in qua & scripta, & Ca­rolo V. Augusto exhibita, no­men est sorti­ta: quemad­modum olim Nicenum Symbolum, ab urbe Niceâ, in qua trecenti octo decim Episcopi contra Arium, a Constantino Magno Impe­ratore convocati; breviter fidei suae confessionem fuere complexi. Melch. Adam. in vita Brentii. Anno 1530. Omnium celebetrimus est exhibione Augustanae Confessionis, quam Philippus Melancthon adhibito subinde in Confilium Luthero Augustae conscripsit. Fertur Imperator lacrymis profusis, precibus, & votis ad hoc negotium se praeparasse, cum diceret: Quis ego sum, qui Evangelio repugnare possim? Orate pro me misero, ut in veritate constanter persistam. Pezel. Mellif. Histor. part. 3. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 28.

The Confessions of Faith of the Churches professing the Gospel, having been long ago exhibited to the several Princes of the Countreys, States and Kingdoms where these Churches are, are now of late very profitably published to the just conviction of all such as slander the Reformed Churches to be variably distracted and rent in sunder with infinite differences of Faith.

Beza hath put out the Harmony of Confessions with Notes upon it.

The most famous is the Augustane Confession.

The Elector of Saxony with the other Princes and Protestant Cities joyned with him, presented to the Emperour Charles the fifth, the Confession of their Faith, written in Latine and Dutch, which afterward from this place, where it was read was called Augustana. It contained two parts: in the first was expounded one and twenty Articles of their Creed. In the second were expounded the Doctrines which were different from the Church of Rome, and the abuses which the Confes­sionists reproved. The Cities which followed the Doctrine of Zuinglius, present­ed apart the Confession of their Faith, not differing from the former, but onely in the point of the Eucharist. History of the Councel of Trent, translated by Sir Nathan. Brent, l. 1. p. 54. See Sleid. Comment. lib. 7. and Melch. Ad. in vita Brentii.

Conformities. This holy Book of Conformities, and S t. Fran­cis life is in English, so B. Down. of Antichrist, and Crashaw in his Jesuites Gospel, though I cannot purchase it. Crashaw also speaks largely of it in his Sermon preached at Pauls Crosse 9 th wound.

There was printed at Bononia in Italy, Anno 1590. a book intituled, Liber Conformitatum Beati ac Seraphici Patris Francisci, written by one Bartholomeus Pisanus a Franciscan Frier, and published by one Hieronymus Buchius, of which book it is affirmed in the Title page, that it is Liber Aureus, a golden book.

There he paints a tree; at the top whereof is Christ, and at the root S t Francis: the tree hath twenty branches on the right, and twenty on the left side, and every branch hath four particular fruits; in all eighty: These are equally divided between Christ and S t Francis, fourty to the one, and fourty to the other, and each cou­ple or pair of these is one point of Conformity between Christ and S t Francis, consisting in all upon fourty particulars, wherein they begin at the birth, and the conception, nay at the very Prophecies and Promises made of Christ, and so pro­ceed to his life, his death, his resurrection and ascension: and in all, and every of these, and every thing else whatsoever may be said of Christ, the very same do they not shame to affirm of that man Francis.

[Page 170]This was not the superfluity of idle and superstitious Monks brains, but the pub­lick Act of their Church, and many Popes one after another allowed it, and by their Charters have confirmed the truth of this Story.

Constantine the Great was born in Britain, of Helena a Britain, as Baronius shews Tom. 3. Annal. Eccles. ad ann. 306. and B. Vsher De Primord. Eccles. Britan. cap. 8. M r Selden in his Notes on Eutychius.

Constantine the sonne of a Bretan Lady, Constantine the first Christi­an Emperour was born in Britain. Is Britannica matre genitus in Britannia natus, in Britannia Imperator creatus, haud dubie magnitudinis suae gloriae natale solum particeps effecit. Polyd. Verg. Angl. Hist l. 2. p. 43. Vide plura ibid. & Vossii Epist. ad Artem Grammat. Helena, rarely godly: but as women too often are, too zealous beyond knowledge Broughton of Consent upon Apocalyps.. See Balaeus his first Century of the Writers of Britain concerning Helene.

Vt fidei forma cunctis videretur, Evangelium Jesu Christi ante se semper ferri fecit, & Biblia sacra ad omnes provincias derinari: diademaque monarchicum primus Brittannis regibus dedit. Balaeus de Script. Britan. Cent. 1.

Robert Constantine. Robertus Con­stantinus vir singularis eru­ditionis & di­ligentiae. Gesn. Biblioth. He was Beza's great friend, he was (saith Thuanus) trium linguarum peritissimus, most skillfull in three Languages, especially in Greek and Latine.

He lived till he was a hundred and three years old, his senses of body and minde being perfect, and his memory strong.

These are his Works,

Lexicon Graeco-Latinum.

Nomenclator insignium Scriptorum.

Dictionarium abstrusorum vocabulorum.

Gasper Contarenus, a Cardinal, a learned and pious man, say some.

Contarenus erat patricius & se­nator Venetas, magni nomi­nis propter doctrinam, & praeter omnem expectationem dicitur, cùm nihil ambivis­set, ad hunc fuisse gradum evectus. Sleid. De Statu Relig. & Reipubl. comment, l. 11. Cardinalis Contarenus legatione sua non bonam gratiam iniit apud Pontificem atque Collegium, quasi non satis acriter se Lutheranis opposuisset, & quasi rempublicam Romanam propè in discrimen adduxisset mortuus est non sine Veneni suspicione. Qui familiariter illum noverunt, de justificatione hominis rectè sensisse dicunt. Fuit vir cum primis doctus, & extat ejus de magistratibus atque republica Venetorum liber. Id. ibid. l. 14. Vide Carlet. Cons. Eccles. Cathol. contra [...]rid. c. 6. De Fid. Justif. In ipso civilium hono­rum cursu, honestum decorumque sibi & patriae, de Republica Venetorum volumen edidit, ut institutae leges ex antiquo more civitatis in mandandis honoribus ad memoriam posteritati traderentur. Paul. Jov. Elog. Doct. Vir. Vide Sadoleti Epist. l. 9. Gasp. Contareno.The Doctrine of Justification is handled by him conformable to the Doctrine of Luther and Calvin, and directly against that which was concluded in the Councel of Trent; this he wrote in the year 1541. a little before that Councel.

His Works are in one Volume.

He hath written,

De Elementis corumque mixtionibus.

De Potestate Summi Pontificis.

Summa de Conciliis.

De Rep. Veneta, and other Works.

Ant: Contius a great Lawyer.

He hath written many Works about the Civil-Law.

Adam Contzen, a subtill Jesuite.

He hath written,

Politicorum. l. 10.

Coronis omnium Jubilorum anno saeculari Evangelico Scriptorum.

In quatucr Evangelia Comment.

Comment. in Epistolam ad Romanos.

Aulae speculum sive de Statu, & vita aulicorum.

Methodus doctrinae Civilis, and other things.

Sir Edward Cook, very expert in the municipal Laws of our Land, as his Reports, Commentary on Littletons Institutes, and other learned Works in the Law shew.

[Page 171] Robert Cook of Leeds in Yorkshire hath published a learned Book, styled Censura quorundam Scriptorum veterum.

Nicolaus Copernicus, a great Mathematician.

Tycho Brahe cals him, Alterum Ptolomaeum. Nay, he saith, Epist. Astronom l. 1. Chrystoph. Rothman. Hypothesium concinnitate, Ingens ille Copernicus Astronomo­rum decus, & succin [...]tis, & Latinitati tersiori con­gruis, in suo illo plusquam Atlantico Re­volutionum coelestium o­pere, usus est verbis. Tych. Brah. Praefat. ad Epist. Astron. De Arte A­stronomica, si quis alius op­timè meritus. Tych. Brah. De nova Stella l. 1. Incomparabilis ille superioris aetatis Astronomus. Tych. Brah. l. 1. De nova Stella. Diligentissimus motuum coelestium observator. Thuani Hist. Tom. 3. l. 76. Gratias ingentes habe­mus Copernico, qui constitutione anni fiderei magnam Chronologiae lucem intulit. Alsted. Encyclopaed. lib. 17. parte tertia cap. 6. & compendiosa Harmonia invenien­da, eum longè exuperabat, scientia & ingenio, si quis alius, eminebat, quaeque à Geometria Arithmeticaque ad hanc Artem constituendam requirebantur, perfectissimè callebat.

He held, That the Earth moved, and the Heavens stood still, by occasion of which Hypothesis, our Countreyman William Gilbert brought in his Magnetical Philosophy.

Hinc ergo videtur fuisse primùm facta Gulielmo Gilberto, occasio cudendae, atque invehendae Philosophiae magneticae, quatenus terram magnum magnetem, & magne­tem terellam seu parram terram habuit, ac à diurna terrae circa suum axem verticitate pendere eam, quae est in magnete, magneticisque corporibus, statuit. Gassend. in vita Copernici.

Nec tot inconvenientia à terrae motu proveniunt quot plerique arbitrantur, qui quoniam naturalis erit, insensibilis evadit. Tych. Brah. Epist. Astron. lib. 1. Christ. Rothman.

Maturinus Corderius.

His Latine Works are reckoned by Gesner in his Bibliotheca, and his French by Antoine du Verdier in his Bibliotheque.

Corinnas.

There were three learned women of that name.

The first a Thebane, which is reported to have overcome Pindar the Prince of the Lyricks five times, and to have put forth five Books of Epigrams.

Propertius in his second Book speaks of her.

Et sua cum antiquae committit scripta Corinnae.

The second was a Thespian, very much celebrated by the Ancients.

The third flourished in the times of Ovid, and was most dear to him.

Johannes Cornarius a most famous Physician. Janus Cornarius doctissimus ac celeberrimus Medicus, qui opera Basilii & Epiphanii duorum celeberrimorum Graecorum Theologorum Hip­pocratem & jam totum, & quosdam alios aliorum libros primus latinos fecit, Platonem etiam convertit, Ga­leni libros plurimos transtulit & perfecit, ut cuncta Galeni opera optimo ordine in aliquot Tomis Basileae ederentur. Neand. Geog. parte prima.

Cornelia the mother of the Gracchi, she hath left Epistles written most accurate­ly. From her the eloquence of her sons did proceed.

Nam Gracchorum Eloquentiae multum contulisse accepimus Corneliam matrem, cu­jus doctissimus sermo in posteros quoque est Epistolis traditus.

Corradus.

Vir doctissimus, eruditus Ciceronis interpres. Voss. de Histor. Lat. l. 1.

Jo. Arn. Corvinus, as subtill an Arminian as any, next Arminius him­self.

Joannes Arnoldi Corvinus, solus plura pro hac Remonstrantium causa scripsit quam omnes reliqui: & cujus adversus Tilenum responso Tileni. à nobis ad ip­sos defectionem acceptam ferunt. Walaei Epist. Dedicat. ad Respons. ad ejus cen­suram.

[Page 172] D r Halls De­cad. of Epist. Dec. 1. Ep. 5. Natione Bel­ga tam scripsit copiosè, tanto concionatus est hominum concursu, ut in praecipuis societatis scriptoribus concionatoribusque videatur numerandus. Biblioth. Script. Societ. Jesu. A Philippo Alegambe edita. Fr. Costerus.

Our Bishop Hall met with him in his travels, he saith thus of him, more teasty then subtil, and more able to wrangle then satisfie.

His Enchiridion Controversiarum is most commended.

Cujus [...], ineptias, inscitiam, im­pudentiam egregiè ac toti mundo figilla­tim detexere viri Cl. Theodorus Tronchinus ac Benedictus Turretinus Collegae nostri. Vedel. exercit. in Epist. ad Smytnenses. c. 2. Homo non protervus sed animi paulo mitioris, quam reliqui sunt in Loyolae schola nutriti: Jesuitici tamen moris tenacissimus. Cham. Praefat. ad Epist. Jesuit. Peter Cotton, an eloquent French Jesuite.

Cotonus Rhetoricus jactantior quam dialecticus acutior. Cham. Praefat. ad 2 dam par­tem Epist. Jesuit.

A more boasting Orator then acute Logician.

Some Posthume works of his are lately published.Sir Robert Cotton.

So renowned for his great care in collecting and preserving all Antiquity. For which he is often honourably mentioned by B. Vsher. and M r Selden.

Vir praestantissimus Robertus Cottonus, Condus ille ac promus vetustatis longè lo­cupletissimus. Seldeni Praefat. ad Marm. Arund.

John Covel.

A learned Scholar, as his Interpretation of words, and his Institutiones Iuris Anglicani shew.

Ex primis u­nus erat, qui renascente Anglorum Ec­clesia, cum Roberto Barnso, suae professio­nis d [...]ctore, Christum pure docuit. Se totum dedidit ad propagandam Evangelii regni Dei gloriam, ut patet in utriusque Testamenti laborio­sissi na versione. Exaravit etiam vir pius & doctus, in nativo sermone confutationem Joanni Standtcii ordinem rectum caenae Dom. Defensionem cujusdam Christiani. Novi Testamenti concordantias. Catechismum Christianum. Balcus De Script. Britan. cent. 9. Miles Coverdale sometimes Bishop of Excester, an exile a long time for the pro­fession of the Gospel.

There are these Works of his,

His Confutation of a Treatise which Jo. Standish made against the Protestation of D. Barus.

His Translation of the Bible, and others mentioned by And. Maunsell in his Ca­talogue of English Books.

Vir & eruditus & valde mode­stus, cui ad perfectam laudem, sola, meo judicio desit pietas. Cham. Epist. Jesuit. Ignat. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 64. Didacus a Covarruvias.

He was most skilfull in the Civil and Canon-Laws, and in all Learning.

Richard Crakanthorp Doctor of Divinity.

Archbishop Abbot said, His Defensio Ecclesiae Anglicanae contra M. Anton. de Dominis injurias was the most exact piece for controversie since the time of Re­formation.

His Defence of Constantine, and others of his Works of Logick and Physick are good.

Thomas Cranmer Archbishop of Canterbury, Martyr.

He died a Mar­tyr anno 1556 Cranmer a furtherer of learning and godlinesse.He was the first Archbishop of Canterbury that cast off Antichrist.

As Britain was most blessed under Edward the sixths Reign, so much by his means.

That he might settle the Doctrine of the Gospel in both the Univer­sities, he sent for the most famous Divines out of forraign Naions, and drew them into England, Peter Martyr, Bucer, Fagius, Lascus, Immanuel Tremellius, Ber­nardus Ochinus, All which with their wives and children were liberally maintained by him.

This way he spent his yearly revenew, so that nothing remained to himself.

[Page 173]He studied the Scriptures diligently and wrote against that grosse opinion of the Papists, affirming the carnal presence of Christ in the Sacrament, His English Books are men­tioned by An­drew Maunsel in his Catalogue of English books a Book filled with so much learning and plenty of arguments, that that controversie seems to be handled by none more accurately against the Papists.

Steven Gardiner Bishop of Winchester being prisoner in the Tower by stealth, and largely inveighed against this Book, in that Book which he named Marcus Constantius.

This Peter Martyr learnedly refuted Cranmer being dead.

After the death of King Edward, when Cranmer was advised by his friends to flie, If I were (saith he) accused of theft, treason, parricide, Hoc in Cran­mero admira­bile visum est, quod etsi mi­tissimus ac fa­cillimus in omnibus rebus judicaretur, tamen si divinam veritatem labefactari aut oppugnari à quocunque sentiret, nemo unquam in bellis Imperator majorem animi magnitudinem constantiamque declararet. Antiq. Eccles. Britan. p. 341. or any other wic­kednesse, I could be induced to flie much more easily then in this cause. For when the Question is not concerning my faith toward men, but toward God, and con­cerning my constancy in the truth of the holy Scripture against Popish errours, I would rather in this case lose my life then leave the Kingdom.

When King Henry purposed to imprison his Daughter Mary being stiffe for the Popish faction, only Cranmer interceded and mitigated the Kings anger, but the ill will that Queen Mary bore him for having a hand in her Mothers Divorce, that inveterate hatred (I say) toward him, blotted out all his friendly Offices to her.

Jo. Crato.

He was born at Vratislavia the chief City of Silesia, Doctissimus Joannes Crato trium Impera­torum Archia­ter foelicissimus. Meibom. in Jesuit. Hipp. c. 12. Peripatetici ordinis magnum illud lumen & columen. Gtyn. Epist. l. 1. Epist. 11. Omnis politioris literaturae Hierophantes, egregiè clarus ex scriptis suis, quibus & Galenum & Hippocratem illustravit. Boissardi. Icones. anno 1519. a great Phi­losopher and Physician, and excellent Poet.

He was Counsellour and chief Physician to the Emperours Ferdinand the first, Maximilian the second, Rodulphus the second for twenty six years.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

CHAP. XIV.

CHristophorus Crinesius, Anno Christi 1548. Professour of Divinity at Altdorph in Nor­imberg.

He was well skilled in the Hebrew, Chaldee, Syriack. He died of an Apoplexy.

These Works of his are published,

Gymnasium Siriacum.

Lexicon Syriacum.

Babel sive discursus De Confusione Linguarum.

Analysis Novi Testamenti tabulis 27. comprehensa Exercitat. Hebraic.

Pars prior Gymnasii Chaldaici.

Petrus Crinitus. Jucundo eru­ditoque inge­nio juvenis, cum à Crispa patris Coma Etrusco nomi­ne Riccius. vocaretur, idque nomen fastidiret, Crinitus appellari maluit. Is non iniquo judicio habitus est inter Politiani discipulos disertissimus. Extant enim praeter non illepida poemata, libri de honesta disciplina supraviginti, per­amoena & copiosa varietate delectabiles: ac item quinque de Poetis Latinis laboriosè eruditéque perscripti. Paul. Jov. Elog. Doct. vir.

He hath written five Books De Poetis Latinis, though he be held inferiour to Lilius Gregorius Gyraldus, who hath written also of that Argument. De honesta Disciplina peramaena ac copiosa varietate lib. 25. delectabiles posteris reliquit. Neand. Geog. part. 1.

[Page 174] Ludovicus Crocius, Doctor in Divinity, and Professor at Brema.

He hath written an excellent instruction De Ratione Studii Theologici.

His Syntagma Theologiae is very well approved.

He hath published divers other Works:

Commentarius in Titum, in Ephesios.

Apologeticus pro Augustana Confessione.

Assertio Augustanae Confessionis De perseverantia Sanctorum.

Paraeneticus de Theologia Cryptica.

Apodixis paeraenetica de Messia ad Judaeos per orbem dispersos.

Orator Ecclesiasticus. in Nahum Prophetam.

Jo. Croius. His book against Morinus not yet published is commend [...]d and quo [...]d by those that have per used it. He in his Ob­servat in N. [...]. c. 20. p. 163 quotes his own Tract de nominibus Messiae, which I cannot purchase. John Croy, a Learned French Divine.

He hath written a Treatise entitled Observationes Sacrae & Historioae in novum Testamentum, which title, though a Learned Writer of our own reprehends, and in the book he seems somewhat too sharp against Heinsius, yet that book, and his Specimen conject [...]raerum & observationum in quaedam loca Origenis, Irenaei, Tertul­lia [...]i & Epiphanii, &c. and his French book entitled, la veritè de la Religion Reform [...]e, declare him to be a good Linguist and an able Scholar generally.

Hannibal Vit raris ingen [...]i & do­ctrinae [...] mentis excultus, quod vel Achilles Tatuis ab eo Latinitate donatus ad posteritatem non ingratam testa­bi [...]ur. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 64. Cruceius.

Gasparus Craciger a Learned Divine. He was born Anno 1504. His Works are mentioned by Boissard.

He was very swift in writing, so that of him that of the Epigrammatist might be used,

Currant verba licet manus est velocior illis:
Nondum lingua suum, dextra peregit opus.

Therefore when in the year 1540. there was a conference at Wormes amongst those which differed in Religion, he was the Notary, and received Melancthons and Eccius his words with incredible swiftness, and often admonished Melancthon what he had not answered; of Eccius his subtilties, therefore Granvelbane Caesars Deputy at that Conference said, Lutherani scribam habent omnibus Pontificiis docti­orem. Melch. Adam. in ejus Vita.

Henry Cuffe, a Learned man, and of [...]xford.

He hath written a book of the differences of the ages of mans life.

Jurisconsulto­rum Phoenix, doctor meus multis nomi­nibus de me optimè meri­tus. Jos. Scalig. in Varr. De re Rustica. Nullus adhuc tam desertus in tota legum vastitate an­gulus fuerit, quem non ingenii doctrinaeque luce perlustrarit. Ram. Scol. Mathemat. l. 2. Quo doctiorem, acutiorem, aut ju­dicii sincerioris jurisconsultum nulla aetas vidit, nulla opinor videbit. Casaub. Not. in Ael. Lamprid. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. l. 99. Jacobus Cujacius, a great light of France.

His Life is written by Papyrius Massonus.

He is celebrated by Peter Faber (whose Master he was) and Casaubon, and others, as the greatest Lawyer of his time.

Pasquier Recherch. de la France saith, in many Universities of Germany, when those in the Chair alleadge Cujacius and Turnebus, they put their hands to their hats, for the respect and honour they bear them. He cals him the great Cujacius.

A Protestantium partibus non alienus.

He was thought to be somewhat inclinable to the Protestant Religion, but when any Theologicall question was asked him, he was wont to answer, Nihil hoc ad edictum Praetoris.

Vir Latinè Graecè, He­braicè scien­tissimus, arque idem elo­quentissimus & jurisconsultissimus. Voss. de Hist. Graec. l. 2. Petrus Cunaus.

There are his Animadversions in Nonni Dionysiaca.

Satyra Menippea in castrata.

D. Juliani Imperatoris Satyra.

[Page 175]His three Books De Repub. Hebraeorum are much valued.

Caelius Secundus Curio. Omnia tua scripta sunt ingeniosè in­venta, pruden­ter disposita, subti [...]iter & acurè tractora. Ubique Cla­rissima atque illustratissima tum sententiarum gravitate, tum verborum pondere, tum denique rebus personisque aptissima. Cael. Sec. Cur. Epist. l. 1. Beatus Comes Medicus ei. He was born Anno 1503. a very Learned Pro­testant.

Vir doctus literarum humaniorum apud Basilienses Professor. Zanch. Epist.

He hath put out Miscellanies, a Book De amplitudine regni Dei.

De utilitate legendae Historiae, and other Works. Vide Boissard. Icones.

His sonne also Caelius Aug. Curio hath published Hieroglyphicks and other Works.

Quintus Curtius Q. Curtius diligens, verus Candidus, & prorsus integerrimus scriptor si integrum haberemus. Sub Vespasiano floruisse Curtium & Historiam suam edidisse prolixa disputatione probabiliter ostendit doctissimus Vossius. Whear. Method. leg. Hist. parte 1, sect. 12. Probus est legitimusque historicus, si quisquam suit. Mira (ut rectè testatur Lipsius) in Sermone ejus facilitas, in narrationibus lepos: astrictus idem & profluens; subtilis & Clarus; sine cura ulla accuratus, verus in judiciis, argutus in sententiis, in orationibus mirificè facundus. Possev. Biblioth. Sel. Tomo 2 do, l. 10. c. 5. Lips. Not. ad 1. Lib. Polit. idem & plura habet. Latinorum historicorum, qui exstant, post Trogum (unum si Velleium Patercu um excipias, qui Tub Tiberio vixit) antiquissimus. Vossii Ars Histor. c. 21. writes pure Latine.

He flourished under the Emperour Vespasian.

Petrus Curtius. Petrus Cur­tius in omni literarum genere apprimè eruditus. Ringelbergius De Ratione Studii.

He hath published a Work, De Civitate Castellana Faliscorum.

Nic. de Cusae or Cusanus, a Germane by Nation, Doctor of Divinity and after­ward Cardinall. Vir apprimè eruditus, flo­ruit ante An­nos 120. Primùm re­prehendit quosdam errores & crimina Papae, postea factus Cardinalis eundem tueri caepit. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 19. In omni disciplinarum genere diligentissimè versatus scripsit praeclara opuscula saepius typis admota tribusque voluminibus distincta. Nomenclat. Sanctae Roman. Eccles. Cardinal.

He is commended by Trithemius for the most skilfull in the Scriptures of all the Divines of his time.

D. Cyprianus, Anno Dom. 250.244 saith Helvicus. 240 Illyricus. Inter Latinos ad Apostolici pectoris vi­gorem propius accedit ubique sentias loqui pastorem, ac Martyrio de­stinatum. Eras. Epist. lib. 1. Epist. [...]86. Vide etiam l. 28. Epist. 6. Origenis aequalis, nam & ipse quatuor post hunc extinctum annis Martyrio consummatus est. Dallaeus de Pseudep. Apostol. l. 2. c. 6. Versus scripsit Cecilius Cyprianus Afer Pontifex Carthaginiensis, qui Valeriano Imperatore pro Christo neci traditus est, Cujus opera soluta oratione omnibus no [...], nec commendatione indigent. At versus, quia parum cogniti vobis, tantum judicare volui. Sunt verò quos ego legi, sexaginta novem heroici, do sanctae Crucis ligno, quos si semel legaris, iterum & saepe legetis. Lil. Gyrald. De Poet. Hist. Dial. 5. Carthaginienses fuere Tertullianus & Cyprianus Ecclesiastici scrip [...]ores valde eruditi, quarum etiamnum extant scripta Theologica varia, singula in uno opere conjunctim edita. Neand. Geog. parte tertia. Vi [...]e Manut. Praefat. In Cyprianum.

He was Bishop of Carthage, and Crowned with Martyrdom.

He wrote a famous Treatise of Mortality to comfort men against death, in the time of a great plague.

His Book de Vnitate Ecclesiae is most cited and commended.

Eruditissimus Cyprianus tam vitae sanctitate quam facundia clarus. Pier. Valer. Herog. l. 22. c. 4.

His Deacon Pontianus wrote the story of his Life and Sufferings.

Cyrillus Alexandrinus. Cyrill Bishop of Alexandria, 430. Cyrillus Epi­scopu [...] Alexan­drinus, magis bonus Theo­logus, quam vir bonus, Johannis Chrysostomi viri innocentissimi disertissimique in vita & post mortem hostis infensissimus. Savil. Lectura 1 a in Euclidem. Cyrillus Alexandrinae Ecclesiae Episcopus, acumine ingenii, subtilitate judicii, eruditionis varietate, docendi facilitate, copiaque differendi celebris, & pietate syncera conspicuus. Sixt. Senens. Biblioth. Sanct. l. 4. Circa annum Christi 415. Cyrillus vir ingenii excellentissimi, & in omni doctrinarum genere praeclarè instituti, electus Episcopus, & per multos annos tum viva voce gregi suo, tum variis scriptis quorum nonnulla extant, Christi Ecclesiis eximiam operam navavit. Illyr. Catal. Test. Ver. l. 5.

He is styled Fortis Athleta by Photius, that valiant Champion of the Church: nay he is styled Beatus Cyrillus twice for condemning the Nestorian Heresie. Lives of the Primitive Fath.

[Page 176]He wrote ten Books against Julian the Apostate, which being joyned to his other works are full of Learning.

Cyrillus Hierosolymitanus, Cyrill Bishop of Jerusalem, Anno Dom. 370.

His Catechism is yet extant.

Cyrill Patriarch of Constantinople.

There is his Confessio Fidei.

CHAP. XV.

D

Joh. Dallaeus Ecclesiastes Parisiensis in erudito suo opere, cujus­modi sunt omnia illius de usu Patrum. Mares. Theol. Elencht. Nov. Syn. tom. 2. Controvers. 30 JOhn Daillè, a Learned French Divine.

My Lord Falkland and M r Chillingworth made very much use of him in all their Writings against the Romanists. The Lord Falkland was wont to say, it was worth a voyage to Paris to be acquainted with him; he cals him our Prote­stant Perron.

He hath written severall Books in French and Latine.

One, Of the Right use of the Fathers, translated into English, and highly esteemed.

Against Milletier.

A most accurate Commentary De Imaginibus.

An Apology for the French Churches.

A most accurate Demonstration of Faith out of the Scriptures.

De Satisfactionibus & Poenis.

De Pseudepigraphis.

De Jejuniis & Quadragesima, an elegant Piece.

Anno Aerae Christi 727. Calvis. Chron. 716. Helv. Vir ut appa­ret, sui saeculi eruditissimus, & in vete­rum moni­mentis versatissimus. Dalleus De Pseudepig. Apost. lib. 3. cap. 19. John Damascene, 740.

He was born in Damascus, See Act. 9.2.

One that laid the Foundation of School Divinity amongst the Greeks, as Peter Lombard afterward did among the Latines.

He was the first amongst the Greeks which hath handled Divinity in Philosophi­call terms, and who wrote for the adoration of Images, therefore they put him among their Saints.

Augusti Cae­saris amicus: qui & ab eo placentis, vel potius dactylis Nicolaorum nomen imposuit. Voss. ibid. Nicolaus Damascenus.

Vastissimae eruditionis vir, nec sine laude nominandus. Vossius de Rat. Stud.

Fuit Episco­pus Ostiensis, & floruit cir­ca annum 1050. Is multis in locis corruptelas Ecclesiae suorum temporum perstringit. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 12. Pet. Damianus. There are his Epistolae cum aliis opusculis. De Institut. Ecclesiast. and other Works.

Damasus the first Pope, a Spaniard: He had an elegant wit in composing verses, as Jerom and Suidas say. Vir in divinis Scripturis eru­ditissimus: & in saecularibus litteris egregiè doctus: rhe­tor & poeta celeberrimus: & in compo­nendis versibus peritissimus: ingenio subtilis: vita devotus atque sanctissimus, claruit sub Valentiano & Valente Anno Dom. CCCLXX. Bibl. Hispan. Tom. 2.

He appointed the Psalms to be sung alternis vicibus in the Church, and in the end of them these words were added, Gloria patri, filio, & spiritui sancto. Matth. Westm. & alii.

He first gave authority to Jeroms Writings, when before the Writings of the Septuagint were only esteemed. Platina.

[Page 177] Lambertus Danaeus, a French Divine of Orleance. Quin & Lam­bertus Danaem, vir sanè [...]pprimè eruditus, & de instruendis aliis optimè meritus, Physicam suam Theologicam, tam ex veteri quam novo Codice non inutili labore extruxit. Tych. Brah. Epist. Astron. l. 1. Christ. Rothman. Quaecunque [...] Doctissime Danaee, habere hactenus potui, ea cum magna animi voluptate legi, & non fine fructu. Quam vero in tuis scriptis observavi tum singularem pietatem, tum eruditionem non vulgarem: ea effecit ut re pridem observaverim atque coluerim, quanquam nihil unquam tibi significavi de meo erga te animo. Zanch. Epist. l. 2. ad Lambertum Danaeum. Libellus tuus de Antichristo accuratissimè conscriptus. Nihil adhuc legi in hoc genere brevius simul & luculentius. Id. ibid. In Patribus & Scholastica Theologia ita versatus fuit, ut non facile crediderim extitisse aliquem, qui in illo studiorum genere hunc antecelluerit. Meurs. Athen Bat. l. 2.

Petrus Danesius.

He was most skilfull in the Greek tongue, and Professor of it in the reign of Francis the first King of France. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 64.

He was at the Councell of Trent, and a Doctor of Divinity of Paris there making an Oration against the abuse of Benefices at Rome; another mocking said to his fellows, Gallus cantat, the Frenchman sings, or the Cock crows: to whom Petrus Danesius wittily replied, Vtinam Gallicinio Petrus ad resipiscentiam & fletum excitetur.

Olim Francisci 11. praeceptor, & ob id Vaurensi Episcopatu donatus, homo doctissi­mus, quanquam nullis editis scriptis, meruit, ut inter doctrina & literis politioribus praestantes hujus aevi viros numeretur. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 63. Vide Scaev. Samarth. Elog. Gall.

Dantes Aligherius. Poeta sui saeculi nulli secundus, Italus natione, Durantes ab initio vocatus, interciso de­inde, ut fit in pueris, vo­cabulo, Dantes. Natus anno 1265. libera libus artibus in Patria le­gitime crudi­tus, poetitae deditus ab ipsa pueriria fuit. Scripsit opusculum de Monarchia, ubi ejus fuit opinio quòd imperium ab Ecclesia minime dependerer. Cujus rei gratia tanquam haereticus post ejus exitum damnatus est, cum aliorum, tum Bartoli jurisperiti sententia super lege 1. c. praesules lib digestorum de inquirendis reis. Volatarrani Anthropol. l. 21. p. 771. Petrarcha & Dantis poe­mata illa Italica quae statum Ecclesiae subinde attingunt, prae aliis poetis potissimum leguntur à Theologis. Voet. Biblioth. l. 2. Sect. prior. c. 8. Dantes Algerius & Franciscus Petrarcha, primi Philosophiae, bonarum artium, & omnis eruditionis restauratores. Heereb. Epist. Dedicat. ad Disputat. ex Philos. select. Dantes Florentinus floruit ante annos 280. fuit vir pius & doctus, ut multi scriptores, & praesertim ipsius scripta testantur. Scripsit librum quem appellavit Monarchiam. In eo probavit Papam non esse supra Imperatorem nec habere aliquod Imperium. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 18. patria Floren­tinus. Boissard. Icon.

His Life is written by Paprius Massonus.

Dantes, the first Italian Poet of note, being a great and wealthy man in Florence. He lived in the time of Ludovicus the Emperour, about the year of our Lord 1300. and took part with Marsilius Patavinus against three sorts of men, which he said were enemies to the truth: that is, the Pope. Secondly, the order of Religious men. Thirdly, the Doctors and Decretals.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

Dantes quidam Alligherius quidam ut aiebat, à Dante Florentino poeta. Polit. Miscel. Cont. 1. c. 19. Vide Pier. Valer. De Literatorum infeliciate l. 1.

Claudius Dausqueius.

He hath put out these Works, Vir egregiae doctrinae, & industriae, ac de re li­teraria opti­mè moritus. Voss. De Vitiis Sermonis, lib. 1. cap. 20.

S. Pauli Apostoli sanctitudo in utero, extra, in solo, caelo.

Conciliabuli Dordraceni ascia.

Antiqui, novique Lat. Orthographica.

John Davenant Bishop of Salisbury, a Learned and Judicious Divine, as his Exposition of the Colossians, his Praelectiones de duobus in Theologia Controversis capitibus, de Judice Controversiorum, & de Justitia habituali & actuali, his Deter­minations and other Works, both in Latine and English shew.

Philippus Decius. Qui Concilio Pisano inter­fuit, inque eo causam Car­dinalium ad­versus.

The most famous Lawyer of Italy in his time. He died Anno salutis Christianae M.D.XXXV.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard, and many of them in the Oxford Ca­talogue.

Pontificem Julium secundum defendit. Gerh. Confess. Cath. l. 1. General. part. 2. c. 3.

[Page 178] Perspicaci in­genio praedi­tus, praecipu [...] (que) industria & subtilitate quae sunt Philoso­phica, tractat. Tych. Brah. De Nova Stella, l. 1. c. 9. John Dee, a Learned Englishman.

There are severall Works of his published.

De praestantioribus naturae viribus.

Monas Hieroglyphica.

Propaedeumata, Aphoristica.

Mathematicall Preface to Enclides Elements.

Parallaticae Commentationis praxeosque nucleus quidam.

Eruditus is tractatulus sanè, apprimé (que) ingeniosus, nec parùm ad Paralaxium differentias enucleandas at (que) ab invicem discernendas conducens. Tych. Brah. De nova Stella. c. 9.

His generall and rare Memorials.

Martinus Antonius Delrio is much commended by Philippus Alegambe in his Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis Jesu, Brugensis patriâ, His­panus origine, vir maximis hujus aevi He­roibus adnu­merandus, Poeta, Orator, Historicus, Jurisconsultus, Theologus, variorum item idiomatum scientissimus fuit Anton. Sand. de Brugensibus eruditione claris, l. 1. as a great Linguist and generall Scholar: but Joseph Scaliger in his Elench, Trihaeres. Serar. as much slights him.

He hath published divers Works, many of which are mentioned in Oxford Ca­talogue.

Demosthenes, his force in pleading is commended.

Sequitur Ora­torum ingens manus, cùm decem simul Athenis aeras una tulerit: quorum longè princeps De­mosthenes, ac penè lex orandi fuit, tanta vis in eo, tam densa omnia, ita quibusdam nervis intenta sunt, tam nihil ociosum; is dicendi modus, ut ne quod defit in eo, nec quod redundet invenias. Quintil. Institut. Orat. l. 10. c. 1. Vide Vossii Epist. ad Artem Grammaticam. Inclarescit An. Dom. 3587. Aute Christum natum 361. Calvis. Chron. 3614. Helv. Chron. In Demosthene absoluta est linguae illiu [...] vis ac gratia. Lud. Viv. de trad. Discip. l. 3. Legi omnes penè Orationes Demosthenis. Dicuntur illius germanae sexaginta quinque: quarum elegantiores quae ad populum, quam quae ad Senatum habitae, à pluribus judicantur. Phosii Bibliotheca, p. 1466.
Qui populum flectit, de mulcet, mitigat, urget,
Nominat hunc tellus Attica vim populi.
Paschasii Icones.

His Book de Corona is most esteemed.

He wrote out Thucidides eight times, that he might better imitate him in his Orations. See in Plutarks Lives a witty reply of his to the thief Chalcus.

Thomas Dempster He penned a work of 5000 illustrious Scots., a Learned Scotchman. Multisciae lectionis & eruditionis vir. Dilher. Disput. Acad.

Eruditus Scotus, beneque de literis meritus. Voss. de vitiis Sermonis, l. 1. c. 10.

He hath published,

Antiquitatum Rom. corpus absolutissimum.

Historia Ecclesiastica gentis Scotorum, Apparatus ad Historiam Scoticam, Scoto­rum Scriptorum nomenclatura.

De Juramento l. 3. and other Works.

John Deodate, an eminent Divine, as his Annotations on the Bible in Italian and French shew.

Videlius Rational. Theol. l. 2. c. 6. cals them Aureas Annotationes.

He was sent from Genevah to the Synod of Dort.

Vir Reverendus & jampridem optimè de Ecclesia merens D. Joannes Deodatus, do­ctissima versione Gallica & notis. Cocc. Praefat. ad Job.

Edward Dering, a solid Divine.

He defended Bishop Jewell against Harding.

And hath published some Sermons and Lectures on some of the first Chapters of the Hebrews.

Flander, Grammatico­rum Coryphae­us, & Flan­driae Priscia­nus ubique celeber & in scholis receptus, Swertii Athenae Belgicae. Ne suus Belgis deesset Priscianus, Ninive, quae Ninovia vulgò, Flandriae oppidum, Joannem Despauterium, Grammaticorum sui temporis Coryphaeum ex­tulit. Ut & in Synodo Machliniensi Patres Alexandro a villa Dei, & aliis explosis, unum illum inventuti in manus eradendum decreverint. Aub. Mir. Elog. Belg. Jo Despauterius, the Prince of the Grammarians of his age, so Vossius de Arte Grammatico, l. 1. c. 3.

He had but one eye.

[Page 179]
Hic jacet unoculus, visu praestantior Argo,
Nomen Ioannes, cui Ninivita fuit.

Joannes Ninivita, sine malis Despauterius, (Nec enim vir, bene adeò de litera­tura pro illo quidem tempore meritus, indignus est vulgatiore nomine chartis nostris signari etsi aliter Grande quià spirantibus videatur.) Nobilis ille Grammaticus. Vos­sius De vitiis Sermonis, l. 1. c. 6.

Antonius Densingius, a Learned Physitian.

Burgersdicius was his Master in Physick and Logick. Golius for the Mathema­ticks and Arabick. He was intimate with Constantine L' Empereur, Ludovicus de Dieu and Elichmannus, who were skilfull in many of the Orientall Languages.

His Works are mentioned Vit. Profes. Groningae. Fuit historicus & Poeta. Hic primum. A quileiae Di­aconus, mox ob egregios mores & doctrinam, Desiderio Longobardorum regi Charissimus, & apud cum ab Epistolis & secretis fuit. Lil. Gyraeld. De Poet. Hist. Dial. 5.

Paulus Diaconus.

These Works of his are published,

Hist. Miscellae auctae à Landulpho Sagaci, & illustratae ab Hen. Canisio.

Ab Ant. Augustino Epitome. De gestis Romanorum.

David Dickson, a good Scottish Expositour.

He hath written Notes on all Pauls Epistles in Latine, on the Psalms, Matthew and the Hebrews in English.

Didymus Caecus, Anno Dom. 360. Jeroms Master, he was much regarded by the ancient Fathers. Didymus Grammaticus ab assiduis la­boribus dictus [...], quasi aenea habens intesti­na. Dilh. Lau­dat. Funch. Gerh. Dydimus Alex­andrinus, cap­tus à parva aetate oculis, & ob id, ele­mentorum quoque ignarus, tantum miraculum sui omnibus praebuit, ut Dialecticam quoque & Geometriam, quae vel maximè visu indigent, usque ad perfectum didicerit. Hieron. De Illust. Eccles. Script. Didymus Alexandrinus, cùm quinquennis oculorum visum amisisset, diligentia eò eruditionis pervenit, ut omnes excellere videretur, ideoque ab Athanasio Scholae Alexandrinae praefectus fuerat. Hic Originem adeo admiratus est, ut omnia ejus dicta pro oraculis haberet, unde non exigua in Ecclesiam redundavit perturbatio. Calvis. Chronol.

He was an Ecclesiasticall Writer, and an excellent Mathematician. He much troubled the Arians, whilst he constantly defended the doctrine of the Councell of Nice. Antony that great Monk of Egypt coming to Alexandria, thus spake to him, Non grave tibi, nec molestum debet esse, Didyme, illis carere oculis, quorum lacertae, mures, & alia minuta abjectaque animalia participia sunt, sed beatum & jucundum potiùs, quod oculos habes similes Angelorum, quibus verè Deum contempla­ris. Sozom. l. 3. c. 14.

Aubertus Miraeus in the 7 th Decade of his Elogia Belgica, mentions Carolus Fernandus, Parsevaldas Belligenius, and Nicasius Vordanus, for Learned (though blinde) men.

Ludovicus de Dieu, a French Minister, well skil'd in the Orientall tongues, and who hath Commented well on the Evangelists and Acts, and also a pious man. Lud. de Dius Vir in linguâ Syriacà in­comparabilis. Dilb. Disput. Acad. Tom. 2. Quem, quotiescunque ipsius in scriptis meis mentionem facio, per conscientiam nequeo quin encomiis extollam, qui tanta pietate, theologiae verae, artium, & linguarum ferme omnium cognitione syderis instar ex alto corruscantis eminet. Constantini L' Empereur Epist. Dedicat. ad Itinerarium Benjaminis.

Ille Phoenix sacrae Philologiae. Dilh. Disput. Acad. Tom. 1.

He hath translated a Persian book written by Xaverius into Latine, and hath published it together with the Persian Originall, and Notes.

Sir James Dier, a Reverend Father of the Common-Law, and Chief Justice of the Common-pleas.

His Book entitled Vn Abridgement de tous les cases, was printed after his decease, in Anno 25. reg. Eliz.

Everard Digby.

He hath published these Works,

Admonitioni Fran. Mildappetti de unica Pet. Rami methodo retinenda responsio.

De duplici methodo, lib. 2.

Theor. Anal. De arte Natandi.

[Page 180]Sir Kenelm Digby is an ingenious Learned Gentleman, and an ornament of this Nation, as his Book of Bodies shews.

Leonard Digges.

There are these Works of his,

Prognostication everlasting, a Mathematicall Discourse of Geometricall Solids.

Generosi Stemmatis vir & eximius Mâthematicus Thomas Digge­seus Anglus. Tych. Brah. l. 1. De Nova Stella. c. 9. Thomas Digges his sonne.

There is a Book of his named Stratioticos.

Another styled Pantometria, lib. 3.

Nova Corpora Regularia.

And another styled Alae seu scalae Mathematicae. Of which Work Tycho Brahe l. 1. De Nova Stella, c. 9. gives this censure,

Etsi verò admodum eruditum & ingeniosum sit hoc scriptum, at (que) Mathematum excellentem peritiam prae se ferat: tamen si liceat, id quod res est, dicere, in recessu intimo, quod primo accessu, & tam magnifico specioso (que) titulo spondet, quàm mini­mum prastat. Nam ne Stellae quidem novae, cujus principaliter ratio habenda fuit, Phoenomena, prout decuit, commodè explicata: nedum ut Planetarum omnium itinera inaccessa novo modo expediat. Vide plura ibid.

John Michael Dilber, Gerhards Scholar, Publick Professor at Jena, a Learned Critick, as his Electa, Eclogae, his Disputationes Academicae shew.

Legimus Dio­dori Siculi Hi­storiarum li­bros quadra­ginta, qui universam quandam mundi conti­nent historiā. Stylo utitur perspicuo, nec affectato, sed qui historiam maximè deceat. Triginta annos, ut de se fatetur, huic scri­bendae historiae impendit, variis interim regionibus discendi gratia peragratis periculisque ut fit, obitis, ac superatis Photii Bibliothec. p. 103. Ex Aegypto sive Aegyptio Siciliae Civitate Siculus appellatus, quem Plinius inter Grae­cos ait des [...]isse nugari: Justinus Martyr celeberrimum Graecorum Historicorum. Eusebius autem Pamphili illu­strem virum appellarunt: totos triginta annos in condenda Bibliotheca se insumpsisse, & magnam Europae atque Asiae partem magnis cum aerumnis, atque periculis peragrasse testatur. Possev. Biblioth. Select. Tom. 2. l. 16. c. 14, Diodorus Siculus quadraginta libris bibliothecam sive historiam mille centum & triginta octo annorum condit, qui terminantur Caesaris expeditione contra Gallias. Geneb. Chronol. l. 2. Vide Voss. De Histor. Graec. l. 2. c. 2. Diodorus Siculus.

He searched out the Antiquities of Nations with greatest diligence. A most fa­mous Writer, and to whom for the knowledge of Antiquity, Greece hath scarce his equall.

He saith he bestowed thirty years about his History. Paulus Aemilius spent thirty yeares about his French History. Paulus Jovius thirty seven in his Hi­story.

4238. Dioge­nes Laertius videtur Philosophorum vitas & alia scripsisse. Geneb. Chron. lib. 3. Diogenes Laertius. He hath written well the Lives of the ancient Philosophers.

Dio Cassius, Anno aerae Christianae 218. Helv. Chron.

Scripsit Dion Historiarum libros octo­ginta, incho­ando ab Ae­neae in Italiam adventu, & Alba Urbe, ac Româ conditâ. Unde conti­nenter perge­bat, & in ejus qui Heliogaebalus est cognominatus, caede finivit. Sed primi triginta quatuor libri periere: sequentes viginti quinque extant; qui inde sequebantur, pariter interciderunt. Whear. Method. leg. Hist. part. 1. Sect. 20.An ancient grave Historian, a Consull himself.

Vir & doctrinâ, & prudentiâ & nobilitate insignis: Nam & viro Consulari natus, & ipse bis consulatum gessit; & Praetor Africae, Dalmatiae ac Pannoxiae prae­fectus est. Crakanth. de Providentia Dei.

It is one of the Laws of History to relate only things memorable, this Law he diligently observed.

Nusquam ad minutias dilabitur, vel si quid, quod levins videatur, minimè prae­terire volet, excusatione utitur: ut facilè liqueat, neutiquam imprudentiâ, vel in­scitia peccare. Ger. Joan. Vos. Ars Histor. c. 11.

Dion Chrysostomus.

He was sirnamed Chrysostom for his Eloquence, whose 80 Greek Orations were long since published at Venice.

Amongst other of his Orations, that Oration is of all most copious, de Ilio à Gracis nunquam Capto.

CHAP. XVI.

DJonysius Areopagita. Dionysius falsly called the Areopagite, Atheniensis Philosophus insignis, per beatum Pau­lum Aposto­lum conversus ad fidem, vir eximiae sancti­tatis & incom­parabilis do­ctrinae. Trithē, de Script. Eccles. Dionysius A­lexandrinus Origenis discipulus, Scholia in opera Dionisii Areopagitae, quae extant, scripsit. Genebr. Chron. l. 3. Hujus scri­ptoris fides parvi merito, in fidei dogmatis, aestimandus. Nec enim idem est Dionysius ille Areopagita, cujus Acta Apostolorum c. 17.34. meminerunt, sed multò recentior auctor & à puritate ac simplicitate Apostolica remotissi­mus: quemadmodum accurate & perspicuè è multis demonstratum est: & quatuor insignes rationes initio Bib­liothecae Photii referuntur. Gomari Anticosterus l. 2. c 5. whom nei­ther Eusebius, nor Hieronymus, nor Gennadius, gatherers of all Ecclesi­asticall Writers, before their time did know. Fulke Answ. to Sand. Cavils on the L. Supper.

One of that name was born at Athens the most famous City of all Greece, the mo­ther of all Arts and Sciences. He and his wife Damaris were converted by S t Paul to the true faith, Act. 17.34.

There are his Greek Works cum Scholiis Maximi & Paraphrasi Gregorii Pay­chymeri, and his Latine Works per Joach. Perionium cum Scholiis.

His Epistles and Greek Liturgy, and other things go under his name, but our Divines generally hold them to be supposititions, and so some of the Learned Papists hold.

Vtrum libri qui ejus nomine circumferuntur genuini sint, controvertitur. Nam quam vis illorum Author pro Dionysio Areopagita haberi velit, nihilominus ex Adver­sariis ipsis viri quidam Doctissimi id incertum esse aiunt, Rhodiginus, Rhenanus, Roffensis, Cajetanus: alii simpliciter nobiscum negant, Faventius, Gaza, Valla, Erasmus & apud Erasmum Grocinus, Cassander, & novissimè Hubertus, ac licet non ex professio satis, apertè tamen Sirmondus ac Launaeus, & denique Petavius, Re­liqui minus in Graecis versati vehementer affirmant, Baronius, Possevinus, Perroni­us, Bellarminus, qui tamen vacillat, Delrio, Alloix, & alii nonnulli. Albertinus de Sacramento Eucharistiae, l. 2. c. 1.

He proves further there in that Chapter, and Chap. 2. by severall Arguments that it is a Pseudonysius. Vide Gerhard. Patrologiam & Dilher. Disput. Acad. Tom. 2. De Areopago p. 310.

Dionysius Halycarnasseus, a famous Historian. Homo Grae­cus, de Roma­nis multo veriùs ac me­lius scripsit, quam Fabius, Salustius, aut Cato, qui in sua Republica opibus & honoribus floruerunt. Ejus major fides est in historia, quam Livii, Tranquilli, Taciti, Arriani: quippe de aliena non de sua Republica scripsit, & omnium Commentatios, ac Civitatis arcana, ex Actis publicis collegit, propter moderatum dicendi genus & Atticam puritatem, anti­quitates Romanorum ab ipsius origine urbis tanta diligentia conscripsit, ut Graecos omnes ac Latinos superasse videatur. Possev. Biblioth. Select. Tomo 2 do l. 16. c. 13. Vir quidem doctissimus & rhetor ac Criticus excellen­tissimus: sed profecto politicus interdum parum bonus, & censor alienorum scriptorum alicubi morosus, ne dicam putidus. Casaub. Coment. in Polyb. Vide Voss. De Histor. Graec. l. 2. c. 3. Dionysius Halicarnasseius scriptor diligentissimus, qui omnia quaecunque à scriptorum legibus & institutis Romanorum legibus con­stituta aut moribus recepta erant, studiorè observavit. Herald. Animadvers. In Salmas. Observat. Ad Jus. Attic. & Rom. l. 4. c. 4.

Scalig. de Emendat. Temp. l. 5. cals him a most sweet and diligent Writer. Sigonius Diligentem antiquitatum investigatorem. Gravis sanè anctor, & cui non minimum debet Historia Romana, Pignor. Symbol. Epistol. Ep. 44. Vide plura ibid.

Dioscorides, an ancient Herbalist. His Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Rembertus Nascitur anno Incar­nationis Dei M.D. XVIII. Nomen ejus nunquam moriturum, ob maximam medicae & Herbariae cognitionem. Duobus maximis Imperatoribus commendatus Maximiliano ejusque filio Rudolpho secundo. Swertii Athena Belgica. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 4. l. 82. Dodonaeus.

His Herball is commonly known. Editis in lucem plantarum historiis magnum sibi nomen comparavit. Castellani vitae Illust Med.

He hath written also other Physick Treatises.

[Page 182] Steven Dolet, a Learned Frenchman.

Esti enne Do­let d Orleans homme bien versè es bon­nes lettres, & ez langue Greque & Latine, a estè des premiers qui ont illustré nostre langue Francoise. Antoine Da Verdier.He hath written Commentaries of the Latine Tongue, as Budaeus hath of the Greek. In quibus utique ordo est aliquis & talis, qui arguat ingenium magnum in istis viris. Methodi tamen ordo non est. Bibliand. de Rat. Com. omnium Ling.

His French and Latine Works are mentioned by Antoine du Verdier in his Bib­liotheque.

Anno gratiae 3 [...]3. Donatus, Artis Gram­maticae scriptor & institutor Romae iliustris habetur. Matth. Westm. Aelius Donatus, a great Grammarian.

He hath Commented excellently on Terence.

Marcellus Donatus.

Vir caetera doctissimus & medicus exceliens. Meibomii Mecenas c. 23.

He hath published In Tacitum dilucidationes, in Livium, Suetonium, & alios, and severall Physicall Treatises.

Hieronymus Donatus.

Vir nescio u­trum gravior, an doctior, an etiam huma­nior, certe om­ni lepore af­fluens, omni vetustate, cujus tamen ob id vereor, ne levior cuiquam censura videatur, quoniam me pulcherrimo carmine: & Epistola una atque altera mirè laudavit. Polit. Miscel. Cent. 1. c. 90.He was a Poet, Orator, Philosopher, Divine, Mathematician, yet was so troubled about his houshold affairs, and his inferiours so disobedient to his com­mands, that unless he had eased his cares with study, he had been a most miserable man. Pier. Valet. de Litteratorum infelicitate.

Hugo Donellus, a great Lawyer.

Vera pietate atque eruditione Clarus. Zanch. Epist.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard.

He taught the Civil Law some years in Heidelberg the chief University of all Germany, and was Rector of that University.

Tanta sane laude Jus Civile explanavit, ut veterum Jurisconsultorum aliquis Paulus, Vlpianus, aut Papinianus revixisse, illorumque animam, ex Pythagorae sen­tentia, recepisse videretur. Lud. Jacob. Declar. Scrip. Cabclon. l. 1.

Janus Douza Multiplex erat in viro lectio: incre­dibilis penè memoria: Graecarum ac Latinarum literarum; historiae vete­ris ac novae nihil, de quo rogatus non ex tempore responderet. Unus Bataviae Varro, & Academiae commune oraculam. Melch. Ad. in ejus vita. Vide plura ibid., Anno Christi 1545.

He was famous for Warlick Valour and Learning both.

He was one of great reading, incredible memory, skil'd both in Greek and Latine, History Ancient and Modern. He would answer well to any questions ex tempore. He was employed in many Embassies for his Country, Nec ullius ore saepiùs locuta est Batavia, quam Donsico. Melch. Adam.

His Works are mentioned by Melchior Adam in his life.

His son Janus Douza was also an eminent Scholar, and died in his prime. Vide Woweri Epist. Cent. 1. Epist. 11. Hic acceptam à parente no­minis clarita­tem ingenii sui luce illustravit. Trium linguarum exquisita cognitio, Antiquitatis, legumque Romanarum in­telligentia, & Mathematicae totius, to [...]iusque Philosophiae notitia. Meurs Athen. Batav. Jannus Duza & lite­rarum & fortitudinis in Lugdunensi Obsidione olim probatae nomine clari filius, juvenis admirabili ingenio, excellenti doctrina cum rara morum suavitate conjuncta praeditus, cum ex peregrinatione longinqua rediisset, quasi in portu naufragium fecisser, anno aetatis XXIV. ereptus. Thuan. Hist. Tomo 5 to l. 117.

George Downeham,

A Learned and godly Bishop.

He hath written excellently upon Ramus his Logick, and de Antichristo; and many usefull English Treatises, of Justification, the Covenant, and other Subjects.

[Page 183] Andrew Downes, the Regius Professour of Greek in Cambridge. He hath pub­lished some notes on Chrysostome, Praecipua laus in hac, ut in caeteris Epistolis, Doctissimi Dounaei eruditissimis notis habetur. Savil. in Hom. Chrysost. In Epist. ad Galat. which are in the 8 th Volume put out by Sir Henry Savill. He hath also put out Praelectiones in Philippicam primam De­mosthenis.

Sir Francis Drake.

He first of all men sailed about the whole world. Martinus For­bisserius An­glus anno 1577.26 Maii ad quae. tendas novas terras in Septentrione incredibili & inaudito hactenus ausu, sumptibus Reginae suae navigationem instituit, atque supetatis multis immensis difficultatibus navigationis, reperit tandem in Septentrione mense Augusto auri tantam copiam, ut eo repleverit 200 dolia sine tonnas auri, quibus oneratis navibus in Angliam 17 Septembris incolumis reversus est. Neand. Geog. Oceani Iusulae.

Franciscus Dracus famosissineus, ut Hispani vocant pyrata, sive ut citra odium dicatur, celeberrimus universi orbis lustrator. Thuan. Hist. Tome quinto, parte prima, l. 114.

Hier. Drexelius, a Learned Jesuite. Natione Ger­manus, patria Augustanus totis XXII annis Serenissimi Bavariae Electoris Maximiliani Concionatorem egit. In scribendo eam adhibuit styli suavitatem cum modesta gravitate, religiosâque circumspectione conjunctam, ut passim ab Aca­tholicis ejus scripta legantur. & commendentur. Tanti cum Maximinianus Elector fecit, ut cum suo medico falutem ejus commendaret, diceret, Pluris interesse Reipublicae bono vivere Drexelium, quam Maximilianum. Biblioth. Scriptorum Societ. Jesu A Philippo Alegambe edita.

Joannes Driedo.

Aubertus Miraeus in his Elogia Belgica commends him for a Learned man.

His Works are published in 4 Tomes.

Jo. Drusius.

He was a great Hebrician and well versed in the Rabbins, Vivere desiit 1616. Natus Alde­nardae oppi [...]o Flandriae. In Anglīa linguam Hebraicam didicit, & quatuor anno [...] Oxoniae docuit. Lugdoni Batavorum annos septem. Hinc postea Franckeram Frisiorum ad Academiam tunc primum ibi nascentem, vocatus, eandem ibidem professus est. Swertii Athenae Belgicae. and hath given great light to a large part of the Scripture, by his notes upon a great part of it, and his Observations, Paralells, Miscellanies, Questions, Tract. De quaesitis per Episto­lam, De tribus sectis Judaeorum, and other Philologicall Treatises.

Fr. Duarenus, a Learned Lawyer. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. lib. 23.

His Works are in one Volume.

Fronto Natione Gal­lus, patria Burdegalensis, parentem ha­buit ea in urbe Senatorem. Vir fuit eruditione, & morum suavitate carus etiam iis, qui iniquiore animo in Societatem erant; ut vulgò passim à maledictis in nostrum ordinem vibratis exceptum eum esse vellent. Antiquitatis totius cognitione maxime nobilis fuit; quem non alii duntaxat Scriptores, verum etiam Cardinalis Baronius tomo 9. Annalium honorificè memorat, virum insignis doctrinae ac pietatis. Post eloquentiae & Sacrarum Literarum ex­plicationem, aggressus est Sanctorum Patrum opera recensere, notis illustrare, Graecè Latineque recudere. Biblio­thec. Scriptorum Societ. Jesu A Philippo Alegambe edita. Ducaeus, a Learned and candid Jesuite.

Vir doctissimus, & cui Chrysostomus noster plurimum debet. Savil. not. in Psalm. Chrysost.

Guil. Durandus, a most famous Bishop.

Pasquier Recherch. de la France, Anno aerae Christi 1273. Helv. Chron. Gulielmus Bu­raudis omnis divini huma­nique juris consultissimus, natione Vasco, Gallus Episco­pus Mimatea­sis floruit circa 1300 Domini annum. Scripsit Speculum Juris, unde speculator est dictus. Multa profecto utilia author monuit, & praecipuè de reformatione Papae & Cleri. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 16. l. 9. c. 35. saith there were these remarkable ex­cellencies in him; he was a great Poet, a great Divine, a great Lawyer.

He put out a Book entitled Speculum Juris, divided into three great Tomes. As Lombard among Divines is not quoted by his own name, but by that of Master of the Sentences, so among the Lawyers he is not quoted by the name of William Durand, but he is styled Speculator.

He delivered this sentence about the Sacrament: Verbum audimus, modum senti­mus, modum nescimus, praesentiam credimus.

[Page 184] Durandus Inter Do­ctores Schola­sticos non con­temnendus vixit circa annum 1320. post Thomae Aquinatis seculum Durandus de sancto Portiano Dominicanus & postea Episcopus Anicensis ut refert Trithemius, Scripta Thomae primum propugnavit quae postea oppugnavit acerrimè. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. lib. 16. à S. Portian [...], a Schoolman.

He hath written upon the Sentences. Of him those verses were written,

Durus Durandus jacet hic sub marmore duro,
An sit salvandus ego nescio nec ego curo.

He hath explain ed 1 Thess. 5.19. in three most eloquēt Sermōs. Samuel Durant, a holy man when he lived, and an eloquent Preacher at Paris. Tantae eloquentiae, ut cum Pericle, non tam loqui quam fulgurare & fulminare vide­retur. Vit. Profes. Grovingae. Sam. Mares.

Joannes Stephanus Celebris illa de ritibus Ec­clesiae lucubra­tio, quam ut Catholicis partibus apprimè utilem Sixtus ipse Pontifex Maximus tanta excepit cum admiratione, ut & eam Romae suis impensis excudi jusserit, & ejus auctorem Durantum incredibili favore benevolentiaque sit amplexus. Scaev. Samarth. Gallorum doctrina illustrium Elogia. Durantus, President Senatus Tholosani.

He hath written a learned Book de Ritibus Ecclesiae, of Ecclesiasticall Rites, his tumultuating Citizens killed him.

Quin nec magni illius. Viri Dureti, qui juri insti­taeque hic praesidet, nomen indictum relinquendum. Mirantur virum hunc, qui linguarum thesaurum deque earum origi­nibus scripta ab eo edita legerunt. Jodoc. Sincer. Itinerar. Gall. Claudius Duret, a great French Lawyer.

He hath written Thresor de l' histoire des langues, a Treasure of Languages and their Originals.

Ludovicus Duretus, a most Learned Physitian, and as Heurnius was wont often to say, In medicorum ordine tertius.

Caroli noni & Henrici tertii Gal­liarum & Po­loniae regum perpetuus cu­bicularius me­dicus fuit. Melch. Ad. vit. Germ. Medic. in vita Heurnius.
Prisca quod Hippocrati venerando debuit atas,
Dureto cur non debeat Hippocrates?
Ille suâ morbos immaneis arte fugavit
Hic à morte sui vendicat Hippocratem.
Stephanus Paschasius.

Heurnius heard him diligently three whole years, so that he would not miss a Lecture. And when Duretus saw him once coming in late, he let fall this passage more then once, Mi adolescens, doleo jam quadam dicta quorum nones particeps, a great token of his affection toward Heurnius.

CHAP. XVII.

E

S. P. Luctuo­sissima quidem nobis ad au­diendum fuit, & adhuc ad recordandum acerbissima est, regis mors, qui in tanta fuit expectatione Clementiae, prudentiae, doctrinae, religionis, ut non vester solùm, verum etiam noster & omnium rex hominum fore videretur. Joan. Sturm. Epist. Domino Pagetto. Pro serenissimo rege qui ad miraculum usque in pietatis, & literarum studiis proficit, preces vestras accumulate. Calv. Epist. & Respons. N. Calvino. Vide ibid. p. 315. & Vossii Epist. ad Artem Grammaticam. Eodem fere tempore, res in Anglia turbatae fuerunt, ob regis, Eduardi Sexti, mortem, adolescentis maximae expectationis, propter raram ad omne genus virtutis indolem, & natura inditam, & doctrina excultam. Bucharan. Rerum Scotic. Hist. l. 16.KIng Edward the 6 th, our English Josiah. Hayward hath written his Life well. He was admirable by reason of his rare towardness and hope both of Vertue and Learning, which in him appeared above the capacity of his years. Favour and love of Religion was in him from his childhood. Such an instrument given of God to the Church of England he was, as England never had better.

[Page 185] Cardan saith this of him: Being but fifteen years of age, he asked of me in Latine, (in which tongue he uttered his minde no lesse readily and eloquently then I could do my self) what my Books which I had Dedicated unto him De varietate Rerum did contain? Cardan made answer, and the King wittily replied severall times, as M r Fox in his 2 d Book of Acts and Monum. p. 65. relates.

He restored holy Scriptures to the mother Tongue, he abolished Masses; such as were in banishment for the danger of the truth, were again received to their Country.

During the time of the six years of this King there was much tranquility to the whole Church of England.

Egesippus a Writer of the Ecclesiasticall History from Christs Passion to his time, Hegesippus ille Vulgaris, quem B. Am­brosius Latinè vertisse diu creditus fuit, pro genuino quidem habetur à Trithemio: imò, quantum videre possum, etiam à Lodovico Vive, & aliis quibus­dam, sed omnino est scriptor alius ab illo nobili Hegesippo, Apostolorum temporibus proximo, Justino Martyri, & Athenagorae aequa [...]i. Voss. de Histor. Graec. l. 2. c. 14. Vide Neand. Geog. parte 2 da. Vir tum pietatis tum eru­ditionis nomine valde celebris, floruit circiter 160 annis post nativitatem Christi. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 2. Egesippus, seu, ut alii scribunt, Hegesippus, natione Judaeus, & ex Judaeo Christianus, omnes actus Ecclesiasticos à tempore Mortis Christi, usque ad Adriani Imp. aetatem, id est, usque ad annum Christi 120. descripsit. Alsted. Encyclop. l 32. c. 5. as witnesseth Hierom and Eusebius l. 4. c. 8. & 22.

He lived in the time next after the Apostles, and is the ancientest Writer of Ec­clesiasticall History next to Luke.

Eginhardus, Anno Dom. 80.

Elias Levita, a most Learned Grammarian of the Jews. Venetìis ali­quandiu vixit Elias Levita Judaeus doctis­simus, & in lingua He­braea facundis­simus, cujus extant in lin­gua Hebraea & Chaldaea multa utilia scripta, à Munstero & Fagio in linguam Latinam conversa & exposita. Ejus viri studio & laboribus multum debent omnes sanctae linguae candidati, quod in illa lingua praesertim ad Grammaticam pertinentia ipse primus non ita nora superiori tempore, à se multa lectione eruta communicârit & monstrârit. Neand. Geog. parte prima. Elias Levita natus in Civitate Nove Eysch haut procul à Noriberga, at invitis popularibus suis, Christianos Hebraeam docuit linguam, cùm viva voce, tùm variis editis libellis. Voss. de Arte Grammatica l. 1. c. 4. Elias Le­vita, Germanus, in Lexico, quod à numero vocabulorum difficiliorum, quae ibi explicantur [...] vocatur. Dilh. Disput. Acad. Tom. 2. Incomparabilis vir Elias Levita in aureolo suo libello, quem inscripsit Massoreth ham masso­reth, Traditionem traditionis, hoc est, traditionem vel doctrinam excellentissimam, cognoscendi scilicet infinita sacrae Scripturae mysteria abstrusa: quem libellum, annos ante paucos Latinè reditum à clarissimo & amicissimo Buxtorsio nostro, studiosis linguatum percommendatum esse velim. Waserus de Antiquis mensuris Hebraeorum, l. 2. c. 2. An. 1517. Elias Levita Judaeus Grammaticorum Hebraeorum summus & facillimus, suae linguae di­scendae, Christianis Romae, Venetiis, & alibi in Italia, in quam è Germania venerat, copiam facit: ob quam rem magnas à reliquis judaeis calumnias & odia sustinuit. Geneb. Chronol. l. 4. Unicus hujus aevi Criticus & Aristarchus Ebraismi. Scal Epist. l. 1. Epist. 62. Judaeus, in Germania natus, Hebraicae linguae Grammaticus doctissimus. Gesn. Biblioth.

He (or his son, as some say) gave his name to Christ before his death, bring­ing with him thirty other Jews to be baptized.

He excelled all the Rabbins in the explication and curious handling of all the Masoreth, in his Book entitled Masoreth hammasoreth, from which book Buxtorf received much light in his Tiberias, sive Commentarius Masorethicus.

Doctissimus Judaeus, Elias Levita, Germanus (cui gratiam non mediocrem debent Christiani, propter sincerum in linguae Sanctae cognitione ipsos adjuvandi studium) in Lexico suo Rabbinico, quod Thisbitem inscripsit. Ful. Miscel. l. 2. c. 3.

Sir Thomas Elyot. He hath written a book called, The Governour, his Castle of health.

For his Learning in all kinde of knowledge, he brought much honour to all the nobility of England. He told me he had a work in hand which he nameth De rebus memorabilibus Angliae, which I trust we shall see in Print shortly, and for the ac­complishment of that Book he had read and perused over many old Monuments of England, Aschams Toxophilus, p. 28.

Queen Ingenium sine muliebri mollitia, labor cum virili constantia, memoria, qua nihil vel eitiùs percipit, vel diutius retinet. Gallicè, Itali­cèque, aequè ac Anglicè loquitur, Latinè expeditè, propriè, confideratè. Graecè etiam mediocriter mecum frequenter liben­térque collocuta est. Siquid Graece latineve scribat, manu ejus nihil pulchrius. Musicae ut peritissima, sic ea non admodum delectata. Asch. Epist. l. 1. Sturmio ad fui ego quodam die, cum uno tempore tribus Orationibus, Im­peratorio, Gallico, Suetico, triplici lingua, Italicâ uni, Gallicâ alteri, Latinè tertio facilè non haesitanter, ex­peditè non perturbatè, ad varias res, tum illorum sermone, ut fit, jactatus, respondebat. Aschamus alia Epist. Sturmio. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. l. 119. Vide etiam Vossli Epist. Dedicat. ad Artem Grammat. Elisabetha Prin­ceps indole verè Regia, animosa, ingeniosa, erudita & eloquens: summa affabilitate, Clementia & Constantia (quae in patre potissimum desiderabantur) praedica, quibus proculdubio animi virtutibus toto celeberrima mundo est. Meteran. de Rebus Belg. lib. 1. Elizabeth, a Learned Queen, and our English Deborah.

She Translated out of Greek into Latine, Isocrates his Oration to Nicocles, his first Book de regno, his second Oration in one Book; She translated also the Meditations of the Queen of Navarr, out of French into English. Baleus.

[Page 186] Fuit ingenio docili, & scientiarum Cupido, Latine sciebat, & commode loqueba­tur, Germanice, quod vernacula lingua ab illa derivaretur, bene, Gallice saepius, sed absona voce, Italice per eleganter. Musica & poetica summopere delectabatur. Thuan. Hist. tom. 5. part. 2. l. 129. p. 1051, 1052, 1053. Vide plura ibid.

Vbbo Emmius, a very Learned man, Professor of History and Greek, at Groning.

Suffridus Petri vir benè doctus, sed qui in Frisiae rebus, atque omni literaturae laude longè cedat Emmio. Voss. de Histor. Lat. l. 2. c. 40. Vide vit. Profess. Groningae.

He is much commended by Janus Dousa Hollandiae Annal. in two Books, for a most faithfull Historian. Lib. 1. & 10.

Constant. l' Empereur, the famous Professor of Hebrew at Leyden in Holland.

Vir de literis Hebraeis praeclarè mereus. Vossius. de Philol. cap. 11. Vide Voss. in Maimon. de Idol. c. 6.

His Works, Talmudis Babylonici Codex. Middoth.

Notae in Benjaminem.

De legibus Ebraeorum forensibus, and Clavis Talmudica, shew his great Abilities.

Quintus Ennius pri­mum inter Latinos poe­tas Epicos lo­cum obtiner, quem & Vir­gilius sibi imi­tandum pro­posuit, & M. Varro disci­pulum Musa­rum, quemad­modum M. Tullius Cicero summum Epicorum Poetam vocat. Possev. Biblioth. Select. Tom. 2. l. 17. c. 22. Ante Christum natum 236. Calvis. Chron. Romani carminis primus autor, obiit septuagenario major. Boxhorn. Monum. Illust. Vir. Ennius.

He made these verses,

Nemo me lacrymis decoret, nec funera fletu
Faxit cur? volito vivus per ora virum.

Virgill is reported to have said, when he read Ennius, Se aurum in sterquilinio colligere, that he gathered gold in a dunghill.

Habent Enniani versus aliquid, quod prodesse & delectare possit, & orationem eti­am, quod minimè quis existimaret, ex colere. Turneb. Advers. l. 27. c. 11.

Ephraem or Ephraim Syrus, a Father that lived in S t Basils time.

Anno Aerae Christi 378 Calvis. Chron. 361. Helv. Chron.

Ephraem Antiochenus. 527.

Epictetus Docet Ro­mae Anno Ae­rae Christi 82. Calvis. Chron. the Philosopher.

He entitled his Book Euchiridion, because ad manum semper habere oportet.

Sermo in eo omnino efficax est, atque energiae plenus, & in quo mira sit ad permo­vendum vis Stylus autem qualem res postularet, concisus est, dilucidus, quique omnem respuat ornatum. Polit. in Epict. Enchirid.

Epiphanius Anno Aerae Christi 392. Calvis. Chron. 361. Helv. Chron. Multa cum delectu & judicio legenda apud Epiphanium. Cujus Panarium nos solemus vocare Christianae anti­quitatis scrinium, & sane praestantissimum est opus, & non omnium hominum. Scalig. Elench Trihaeres. Serat. c. 15. Cum delectu ille author tractandus, optime alioqui de literis divinis deque Ecclesia meritus. Id. ibid. c. 21. Fuit rixa inter Epiphanium & Chrysostomum: adeo ut ille huic diceret, spero quod non morieris Episcopus: Ad quod hic respondisse fertur: Spero te ad tuam patriam non redire. Utrumque impletum fuisse dicunt. Nam & Epi­phanium in via mortuum: & Chrysostomum, quia Eudoxiae Imperatrici & Clericis suis, quorum mores corrigere nitebatur, odiosus factus fuerit, in exilio obiisse tradunt. Wolphii Lect. Memorab. 390. Bishop of Salamina in Cyprus, who was famous all over the world in the doctrine of the Catholick faith, saith Austen.

He was famous for Learning and for his skill in five Tongues, called by Jerom [Page 187] [...], famous for his holiness and miracles, a most sharp enemy to Here­tiques, against whom also he published a famous Work. Sixt. Senens. Biblioth. Sanct. l. 4. Vide Augūstini praefat. ad lib. de Haeres.

Apud Graces inter magnos habitus, & à multis in Catholicae fidei sanitate lauda­tus. Aug. de Haeres. p. 230.

Epiphanius the Deacon. 787.

Epistles. They are Amicorum Colloquia absentium, saith Tully, 2. Phil.

The reading of Epistles (as also of Lives) is both pleasant and profi­table.

No other kinde of conveyance is better for knowledge or love.

Baronius in his Annals commends Historiam Epistolarem. Jerom is most elo­quent in his Epistles, especially in that to Heliodorus.

Isidore Pelusiota hath excellently handled the greatest part of the mysteries of our Faith, and the controversies agitated both against the Jews and Hereticks, and yet he entitleth his Book Epistles.

Saint Basil the Great, Gregory Nazianzene, Synesius Bishop of a City in Cyrene, Cyril of Alexandria, S t Cyprian, S t Austin, Gregory the Pope, S t Bernard, and other Fathers of the Eastern and Western Churches, do not speak more powerfully any where, then in their Epistles.

What treasure of moral knowledge are in Seneca's Letters to only one Lucilius? How much of the Story of the time is in Cicero's Letters, especially those ad At­ticum?

Ciceronis Epistolis ad Latinae Orationis elegantiam informamur, ex his primus elo­quentiae quasi succus, qui qualis initio fuerit, per magni interest, bibitur. Manut. Praefat. in Epist-Cicer. Fam.

Politian was a most polite Authour. See the first Epistle of his first Book of Epist.

Manutius his Epistles, Wowerus and Coelius Secundus Curios are good.

Erasmus and Lipsius his Epistles are elegant and usefull. Bembus and Sadoletus pure Latinists. Longolius is termed by Ludovicus Vives Homo Ciceronianissimus, there is elegant Latine (though little matter) in Baudius Epistolas Baudii si quis legerit propter egregium sty­lum operam non luserit. Alioquin vix ullae res lectu & scitu dignae ibi comparent. Voet. Biblioth. Studios. Theol. lib. 2. Some much commend Balzaks French Epistles for eloquence. his Epistles, Scaliger saith of him, Solus Baudius Latinè loquitur. For the Fathers, Jeroms excell for Latine, Austens for variety of Learning, Cyprians for the state of those times in the first three hundred years. For modern Writers, those of Calvin, Beza, Lu­ther, Melancthon, Oecolampadius, Peter Martyr and Zanchius, are very profita­ble, also Casaubones and Scaligers.

For English, our Hall is styled by some the English Seneca, and M r Bain is ex­cellent for pious admonitions and instructions.

There are Epistolae clarorum virorum.

Epistolae obscurorum virorum, a facetious Book, thought to be done by Erasmus.

Hebrew Epistles by Vo [...]umen [...] Epistolarum Judaicatum à te nuper publi­catum, cogit me, ut à te petam, quod jam occupavit facere Drustus noster, ut justum aliquod corpus ejusmodi Epistolarum à te collectarum edatur; una cum interpretatione & notis tuis. Scalig. Epist. l. 3. Epist. 243. Buxtorfie. Buxtorf, and Greek by Budaeus.

Epistolae Laconicae.

Epistolae Jesuiticae by learned Chamier.

Epistolae Astronomicae by that famous Astronomer Tyche Brahe.

Epistolae Medicinales by learned Langius.

Centuria Epistolarum Philologicarum edita à Goldasto, Laurentii Pignorii Symbola Epistolicae.

[Page 188] Desiderius Erasmus.

Nec ulla est regio, nec Hi­spania, nec Italia, nec Anglia, nec Scotia, quae me ad suam non invi­tat hospiti­um. Etsi non pro­ber ab omni­bus (quod nec studeo) certè primis pla­ceo. Romae nullus erat Cardina­lis, qui me non tanquam fra­trem acciperet, cùm ipse nihil tale ambirem. Atque hic honos non tribuebatur opibus quas etiam nunc non habeo, nec desidero, non ambitioni, à qua semper fui alienissimus; sed literis duntaxat, quas nostrates rident, Itali adorant. In Anglia nullus est Episco­pus, qui non gaudeat á me salutari, qui non-cupiat me convivam, qui nolit domesticum. Eras. Servatio. Spiritium & vitam Erasmo debent renascentes literae. Gratus & acceptus summis Pontificibus, Imperatoribus & Regibus, Propensior natura fuit ad jocos quam deceret, quam nonnunquam expediat, ut de se ipse fate [...]ur ad Barbirium. Multa vir tantus scripsit quae in IX Tomos distributa, hodie cum summo omnium stupore leguntur. Inter alia plura non postremum locum obtinent Epistolae: In iis enim tota elocet ejus vita, in iis ejufdem patet genius, in­genium, mores, eruditio, animique dotes. Swertii Athenae Belgicae. Neque ego video quae gratia ab ullo digna meritis ipsius haberi possit. Cujus diligentia, labore, assiduitate, & Constantia illius temporibus periculosa, perfectum est ut libros scriptorum Apostolicorum & Evangelicae historicae integros purosque habeamus. Neque mea quidem sententia, ullius operae quae corrigendo ultra Erasmicas notationes progrediatur, locus est relictus. Camerar. Praefat. ad Comment. in novum Foedus. Adagiorum opus ab Aldo imprestum an videris nescio: Est qui­dem profanum, sed ad omnem doctrinam utilissimum, mihi certè inaestimabilibus constitit vigiliis. Eras. servatio. Vide Neand. Geog. parte 1 a.He was born at Roterdam in Holland, in a little house at the Church-yard, Anno Christianae salutis 1467.

There is his Statue to be seen at Roterdam in brasse on the Market place with this Inscription, ‘ERASMVS Natus ROTERODAMI Octob. XXVIII. Anno 1467. Obiit Basileae XII. Julii. Anno 1536.’

The House where he was born is yet to be seen, in the front of which are these verses,

Aedibus his ortus mundum decoravit Erasmus
Artibus ingenuis, Religione, Fide.
Boxhorn. Theat. Holland.

By his learned writings which he published he obtained such a fame of his Learn­ing and vertue, that he was drawn by Kings and Princes into Germany, Italy, Eng­land, and other Regions of Europe, they giving him great rewards.

He was of indefatigable diligence, and a great Scholar. Being sent for into Brabant by Mary Queen of Hungary in the year 1536. there he died, being seventy years old.

As he himself acknowledgeth, that his Adagies cost him great pains, so there is variety of Learning in them, they are a most ample field of Philology, Omnia grata, elegantia, aut ipsae potius Gratiae, veneres, joci, facetiae, sales, dicteria, gemmae lu­mina. Verheiden. Optimus paraemiographus Erasmus. Alsted. Eucyc.

He used great pains and industry in collating the several copies of the Fathers, and his fidelity was great in publishing them according to the Manuscripts, his Pre­faces and Praeloquia to them are excellent, and his Notes upon them usefull, but there were two special things wanting for the perfecting of his learned Animadver­sions upon the Fathers Works, 1. That he did not set down the divers readings very exactly. 2. That he did not relate the number of the Manuscripts, which he used, and where they were to be seen.

From the Collation of Greek and ancient Copies, he corrected also all the New Testament.

Ingeniosus veterum Scriptorum Censor; So Ludovicus Vives.

Sed acumen Erasmianae censurae & certitudinem; quam in Latinis praestitit, in Graecis prorsus desidero. Hales in his Notes on Chrysost. Homis. on the He­brews.

Colloquia rur­sus efflagitan­tur, opus ut mihi vehemen­ter invidiosum, ita typographi [...] benè lucrosum Eras. Quirino. Cum diceretur Gerardus Gerardi (id vocabulum ut avidam, sic desiderabilem & amabilem indolem denotat) Desiderii Erasmi nomen sumpsit. Voss. de Orig. & Progress. Idol. lib. 3. cap. 84. Vide Mont [...]cut. Analect. Exercit. 5. Sect. 4.He opened the way before Luther, many were provoked by his learned Works to study the Greek and Latine tongues; who perceiving a more gentle and ready order of teaching then before, began to have in contempt the Monks barbarous and sophistical Doctrine, and especially such as were of a liberal and good dispo­sition.

[Page 189]He wrote to the Archbishop of Mentz a certain Epistle touching the cause of Luther. In which he saith, That many things were in the Books of Luther con­demned of Monks and Divines, for heretical, which in the Books of Bernard and Augustine are read for sound and godly. Foxes Acts and Monum. Vol. 2 d. pag. 61, 62.

He saith thus in an Epistle to Biblibaldus, Ego, qui nunquam faverim Luthero, nisi quomodo faver, qui hortatur ad meliora, utrique parti sum haereticus.

His Book of familiar Colloquies notatur in prima Classe librorum prohibi­torum.

Atque utinam id genus impia scripta, Moriam inquam, & Colloquia, pestes per­niciesque juventutis, flammis potiùs, quam luci tradidisset. De his enim Maenandri illud rectè usurpaveris.

Corrumpunt bonos mores Colloquia prava;

Et ò miseros, coecos, & amentes, quos bodiéqne moria illa sapere docet. Auberti Mi­raei Elog. Belg. in Martino Dorpio.

Si i [...]tra professionis litterariae terminos substitisset, séque totum hisce studiis, quibus in primis natus erat, dedidisset, haud dubiè cum primis illis Latins sermonis auctoribus paria facere potuisset. At verò postquam Theologum agere coepit, ingenio fisus nimium sibi sumpsit at tribuit; dumque in tractandis sacris litteris. veterumque Patrum scri­ptis, severum se nimis praebet Aristarchum, nominis sui auctoritatem vehementer labe­factavit. Aub. Mir. Elog in Erasm.

His Annotations upon the New Testament read and approved by Leo the 10 th, were forbidden to be read by the Councel of Trent. Hist. of the Councel of Trent l. 6. p. 473.

Stephanus Paschasius hath this Epitaph of him,

Quae Desiderio mors nos orbavit Erasmo,
Heu desiderium quam longuum liquit Erasmi.

Many of his Works were printed at Basil by Frobenius; there are nine Tomes of them, the Contents of each which are mentioned by Boissardus in his Icones.

There was another Erasmus a learned Bishop. Erasmus Epi­scopus Argen­tinensis vir pietate & eruditione praedicandus. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. lib. 41. pag. 433.

CHAP. XVIII.

THo. Erastus a learned Physician. Annum clausit more Thoma Erasti Badenis in Helvetiis nati, qui Philosophiae & Medicinae studiis hac aetate claruit, solidis, veris, atque adeo à veteribus proditis utriusque scientiae primordiis constanter in­sistens, itaque & Astrologiam, quae ex positu Astrorum de fortunis hominum decetnit, validis argumentis confu­tavit, & Paracelsiam medicinam, quae seu novitate seu vanitate sua in Germania ac alibi tot ingenia allexit, validis itidem argumentis confutatem acerrime insectatus est ad ultimum etiam humanas scientias egressus Theologica tra­ctavit, & quaestionem de disciplina ac censuris non omnino ex suorum sententia agiravit, unde graves in Helvetio­rum Ecclesiis exortae contentiones tandem sexagenatio major hoc anno Basilea, ubi sicuti Neidelbergae diu antes docuerat, qui naturam tot doctissimis scriptis illustraverat, naturae debitum persolvit. Thuan. Hist. Tomo tertio. lib. 79.

He wrote against the Excommunication of Church-officers, and is an-answered by Beza.

Many follow his judgement in these dayes, which some call Erastians.

His Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

[Page 190] Eratosthenes [...], & post homi­num memori­am variae eruditionis princeps omnium bonarum artium peritus, unde & priscis [...], quòd omni discipli­narum certamine contendere minimè detrectaret. Joan. Wovweri. De umbra c. 14. Natus est sub Ptolemaeo Phila­delpho anno primo Olympiadis 126. sed à successore illius Ptolomaeo Euergete arcessitus, Athenis venit in Aegyptum, atque ibi Alexandrinae Bibliothecae praefectus fuit. Voss. De Histor. Graec. l. 1. c. 17. Eratosthones.

He is called by some Plato minor, Plato the younger for his singular Learning.

Erinna a learned Poet.

She wrote in the Dorick Tongue an elegant Poeme, consisting of three hundred Verses, and also other Epigrams.

They report that her Verses ad Homericam accessisse Majestatem.

Politian mentions her in his Epistle to Cassandra, l. 3. Epist. 17.

Mores compo­siti erant & suaves, ut faci [...]è omnes in sui amorem pelli­ceret. Inge­nium faelix, non modò ad aliquid capien­dum; sed etiam reservandum: amicitiam Lon [...]ini iniit cum Gulielmo Bedello, viro longè doctissimo, atque orientalium linguarum peritissimo: qui Erpenium ad easdem excolendas plurimum hortabatur. In Helvetia nullius ei jucundior amicitia fuit, quam viri clariffimi Joannis Buxtorfii, quo Hebraicarum literarum intelligentiorem magisque in Rabbinicis & Talmudicis exercitatum Eu­ropa habet nominem Suada quaedam insidebat viri illius labris quae sic orationem temperabat, ut non solùm quae tetrica viderentur, perspicuè tractaret; sed auditorum etiam animos incredibili quadam perfunderet voluptate. Constantinus L'Emperour Sixtinus ab Amama & Jacobus Golius ejus erant discipuli. Voss. Orat. in obitum Erpenii. Ille vir viderur mihi divinicus nactus esse spartam ornandi lingtias exoticas, praefertim Arabicam; cujus eam cognitio­nem lab [...]re imprebo & magnis impensis est consecutus, ut ipsis Arabibus suerit miraculo jam ante unum aut al­terum annum Ego certè [...]upore defigor, quoties de illo portentoso ingenio cogito. Casaub. Epist. 116. Heinsio. Vide Epist. e [...]ium Erpenio. Thom. Erpenius.

He was excellently skilled in the Oriental Tongues, the Hebrew, Chaldee, Arabick, Syriack, Aethiopick, Persian and Turkish. The King of Morocco did so much esteem his Letters written in Arabick for their Elegancy, that he kept them amongst his Cymelia. He is celebrated through the whole Christian world, as the restorer of the Arabick Tongue. He was of incredible diligence and indu­stry, to which was added a rare facility of wit and sweetnesse of manners, for which he was much respected by Philip Mornie, Joseph Scaliger, Isaac Ca­saubone.

He died at Leyden in the flour of his Age Anno 1624.

These were his Works,

Grammatica Arabica cum Lockmanni fabulis & adag. Arabum.

Pertateuchus Arabicè.

Hist. Josephi Patriarchae. Arabicè cum triplici versione Lat. & Scholiis Tho. Erpenii.

Per XL. annos in Parisiensi Academia hu­manioribus, Philosophicis ac Theologicis studiis cum incredibili omni admitratione operam novasset, à Francisco Melodunum, ab Henrico 11. Bononiam, 1 Francisco 11. Aurelianum, à Carolo IX. Possitum inter primarios religionis hoc in regno antistites nunc legatus nunc disceptator sanctissime ac doctissime de Controversis rei Christianae capitibus cum delectis adversariae partis theologis summa aequitate ac moderatione egit, & voce, ac eruditissimis in complures Scripturae locos editis Commentariis religionis nego­tium promovit, sacri etiam olim galeri decus potius meritus quam adeptus, tandem ex gravissimis calculi doloribus, quod ferê praemium pro vigiliis à natura studiosis rependitur, extinctus est anno aetatis LX. magno sui relicto desi­derio, cum unus è paucorum numero esset, qui de idoneis pacis in Ecclesia constituendae rationibus serio semper cogitaverit, atque adeo de tollenda è domo Dei scissura, quam multi hodie, dum praepostero pietatis ardore strenui in ea causa videri volunt, firmant magis quam oppugnant, alienatis & obduratis adversariorum animis, quos po­tius emendationis facta spe & subtatis offendiculis conciliari & sensim ad [...] abduci oportuit. Thuan. Hist. Tomo secundo l. 48. p. 637. Claudiūs Espencaeus Theologus Parisiensis, [...] in Epitaphio adhuc Parisis in Templo Casmae & Damiani extante vocarut nobilissimus, piissimus, omniumque disciplinarum genere cumulatissimus Theologus, imò Theologorum sui seculi facilè Princeps, quemque Gilbertus 'Genebrardus & Scaevola Samarthanu [...] in Elogiis operi praefixis nominant admirabilem. Gerhar. Confess. Cathol. contra Pontif. lib. 2. Artic. 2. cap. 4. Claudius Espencaeus a French Bishop.

None of the Divines of Paris had a greater concourse of all sorts of Degrees, and was more admired for his frequent Sermons to the people then he. He was ve­ry eloquent.

There are many Questions concerning Religion discussed by him in Latine and French with great subtilty.

[Page 191]His Commentaries upon Timothy and Titus are well liked.

He hath published many other Works.

Petrus Espinacus Archbishop of Lions.

A witty and eloquent man, at first addicted to the Doctrine of the Protestants, Archiepisco­pus Lugdumen­sis, quia in adolescentia Protestantium doctrinam professus, postea mutaverat, & impotenti in eos odio ferebatur: verone an adfectato ad consequendam Cardinalis dignitatem, quam perditè ambiebat, incertum: de cetero doctus & vehementi facundia praeditus. Thuan. Hist. Tomo quarto l. 81. but he fell off afterward.

Gulielm Estius, a Hollander, a Doctor of Doway, a learned and modest Pa­pist. Scripsit Com­mentarium absolutissi­mum ac do­ctissimum in omnes B. Pauli Epistolas: Cujus Editioni intermortuus est. Valeri Andreae Bibliotheca Belgica.

His Exposition of all Pauls Epistles is generally liked.

Gulielmus Estius in adnotationibus aureis ad difficiliora Scripturae loca. Dilher. Disput. Acad. Tom. 2.

Georgius Macropedius was his Master at Vtrect.

This Epigram was added to his Picture,

Quicunque effigiem Gulielmi conspicis Esti,
Esti, qui una fuit gloria Theologôn:
Relligio, Virtus, Doctrina, modestia morum,
Haec uno obtutu conspicienda patent.

Evagrius Anno Aerae Christi 527. Helv. Chron. Scholasticus.

Nic. Plures certè haec Nicolaio­rum familia extulit. Ca­put & pa­rens Nic. Eve­rardus Middel­burgi in Vala­cria Zelandiae infula natus, varia eruditione & judicii acumine (quod vel Topica ejus Legalia comprobant) docto [...] inter sui aevi viros inclaruit. Auberti Mirai Elog. Belg. Everardus.

Several of his Works are published.

Ordo studendi Consil. in materia monetaria loca legalia, which last is much com­mended by Aubertus Miraeus.

Also Theses Juridicae ex ministeria de regalibus collectae, and other things.

He left four Sonnes Everardum Nicolaum, Nic. Grudin, Hadr. Marium, & Jo. Secundum, partim Juris Civilis, partim Poeticae tractatione clarus.

Euclide. He was of Megara. Inter opera ejus facilè pal­mam obtinent libri tredecim elementorum, magno reipub. literariae bono ad nostra us (que) tempora con­servati. Savil. Lect. 1. Eucl. Duo ferè an­norum millia existimatur toto terrarum orbe ab omni reprehensione liber & sacrosanctus suisse, & si quid post ho­mines natos solidae scientiae comprehensum & animadversum est, id Euclidi uni acceptum refertur. Rami Scholae Mathem. l. 3. Quem virum Mathematica singularum propositionum scientia tanquam singularem & propè divi­num suspicio equidem & admiror, in eoque mihi observandum religiose & Colendum propono: At Logica rectè & ex ordine docendi prudentia, parem efficere nequeo. Rami Praefat. Mathemat. 2. Megara civitas clara Theog­nide Poëta & Euclide, qui Mathematica principia, totiusque hujvs disciplinae artem immensa subtilitate descripsit. Ejus elementorum Geometricorum libri 15. cum Theonis Alexandrinis & Procli Diadochi eruditis Graecis Com­mentariis etramnum supersunt. Neand. Geog. part. 1. Vide Blancani Dissertat. De natura Mathemat.

He fitly answered to one asking many things of the gods, Caetera quidem nescio, illud scio, quod ode resos.

There hath not been any thing of any worth added to his Labours in Geometry by posterity, in so many Centuries of years since he flourished.

God hath raised up certain singular and heroical wits in all Sciences. Demosthenes and Tully excelled in eloquence, Aristotle in Philosophy, Euclide, Archimedes and Ptolomy in the Mathematicks. Therefore the Profession of the Mathematicks is is called Professio Euclidea, Archimedea, Ptolemaica. Alsted. Eucyclop. l. 4. c. 14.

Euclides Artis elementa continuo ordine & magna solertia ita tradidit, ut à quovis mediocris ingenii acumine praedito non difficulter percipi possent. Tych. Brahe Orat. De Discliplinis Mathematicis.

Euripides Anno Aerae Christi 4040. Calvis. Chron. 3486. Helv..

It is a great Question, Which was the better Poet, he or Sophocles, though they [Page 192] went a different way. Quintilian Institut. orat. l. 10. c. 1. determines it after a sort. There is all moral Philosophy in Verse, in him.

Eusebius Cae­sariensis, inter Graecos Theo­logos antesig­nanus. Biblian. De Rat. Com­muni omnium Linguarum. Anno Aerae Christi 306. Helv. Chron. Caesariensis Episcopus vir longe doctissimus & in omni historiarum genere exercitatissimus. Casaub. exercit. ad Apparat. Annal. exercit. 1. Eusebius sanctissimi martyris Pamphili familiaris cujus res gestas proprie opere executus est, quem sic amavit ac coluit, ut ab eo etiam cognomen nactus sit, ab hoc enim viro dictus est Eusebius Pamphili. Daliaeus de Pseudepig. l. 3. c. 23. Vide R. Vsser. Syntagma De Edit. LXX. Interp. p. 73. Eusebius Pamphili (quemadmodum propter amiciriam cum Pamphilo Martyre, reste [...]ieronymo vocabatur) Caesareae Palestinae (imperante Constantino) Epis­copus, sui seculi sine controversia vir eruditissimus fuisse perhibetur. Whear. Method. Leg. Hist. part. 1. Sect. 34. Quo nullus Ecclesiasticorum veterum plura ad historiam Christianismi contulit, nullus plura errata in scriptis suis reliquit nullius plures hallucinationes extant. Scalig. Elench. Trihaeref. Serar. c. 29. Vide Sixt. Seneus. Biblioth. l. 4. Et Neand. Geog. parte secunda. Eusebius, Anno Domini 330.

He was made Bishop of Caesarea in Palestina. He flourished under Constantine and his Son.

Eusebius Pamphili, not Pamphilus, as he is commonly called.

He had that name from Pamphilus the Martyr whom he dearly lo­ved.

He is taxed for an Arian, Gerhard in his Patrologia saith he was so, and alledgeth authority for it, yet he is justified by others, he is therefore to be read with the greater caution, as to that partcular, for he much favoured that opinion, though he subscribed the Nicene Councel.

It is the ancientest Ecclesiastical History now extant. See a commendation of him in Crakanth. Defence of Constantine, c. 6. p. 107. and several Elogies of him in Gerhards Patrologia.

Eusebius Emissenus, Anno Christi 330.

Episcopus elegantis & rhetorici in­genii. Hieron. de Script. Eccles. Eusebius Emis­senus, seu qui­cunque autor est earum homiliarum vir certè eruditus & antiquus. Cham. De Oecum. Pontif. l. 3. c. 2.There are Homilies abroad in the name of another Eusebius Emissenus (which is said to have flourished about the year 430.) upon the Gospels of the whole year, and also fifty most eloquent Homilies of divers subjects. Though some Question, Whether the man be the same Author of those short Homilies upon all the Gospels, who is of those fifty Homilies of divers arguments, seeing the style in both is very different.

Eustathius Antiochenus. 350. Thessaloni­censis suit Eustathius ejus urbis praesul, cujus extant duo amplissima volumina Commentariorum in Homerum, in quibus est maxima doctrinae eruditae & variae varietas. Neand. Orb. Ter. part. Succinct. Explicat. parte 1 a. In Dionysium etiam Poetam Afrum qui orbem terrarum descripsit habentur ejusdem eruditi Commentarii; qui cum textu Dionysii excusi ha­bentur. [...]d. ibid. Eustathius.

He lived under the Emperour Andronicus, in the year about 1180 from Christs birth.

He was Archbishop of Thessalonica. He hath written Commentaries upon Ho­mers Books, and on Dionysius his description of the world.

From Aristarchus old Didymus made his Commentary upon Homer, and Eusta­thius from both, and many more ancient. Brought. Exposition of the 21 th of the Revel.

Valde inclinata jam & magnas mutationes passa Graeca lingua erat aetate Eustathii. Steph. De Bene Instit. Ling. Graec. Stud.

Eustochium Paulae mulie­ris Romanae si­lia, Latinarum, Hebraicarum, Literarum studiis plurimum excelluit. Unde & suo tempore novum orbis prodigium vocata est: ingenium sacris literis devovit maximè, atque adeò, ut Psalmos Hebraicè legeret cursim & mirâ celeritate. Qua in re amorem beati Hieronymi multum sibi demeruit. Catal. Doctarum Virginum & Foeminarum. Annexus. Parthen. Elis. Joan. Weston. a learned woman, of whom Jerom makes honourable mention.

Euthymius Zigabenus. Anno 1080.

He wrote Commentaries on all the Psalms, and the four Gospels, and Panopli­am adversus omnes haereses.

[Page 193] Eutropius, He lived under Valentinian the elder. Anno Aerae Christi 408. Helv. Chron. Minus quidem elegans, sed cum ex Livio & Salustio res nobis ignotas decerpserit, & omnem historiam Romanam breviter ab urbe Condita usque ad Juliani Principis mortem lib. deceni persequatur, magni à nobis fieri debt. Sigon. de Rom. Hist. Script.

Aben Ezra Commenta­riis suis Astro­logiam, & quae inde pendent, Divinis haut satis pie misce­re solet. Seldenus De Dis Syris Syntag. 1. c. 3. Aben-Esra, sive Abraham Bon-Esra, Hispanus, qui circiter annum claruit 160. Hic praeter Commentarios, quos edidit in libros sacros, scripsit librum elegantiarum in Grammaticis, item librum bilancis linguae sanctae, quia regulas tradit, ad quas examinari oport [...] linguam Hebraicam. Voss. De Arte Grammatica. l. 1. c. 4., a most learned Grammarian. He lived about the year of Christ 1140.

The sharpest and best learned that ever ye bred. Broughtons Require of Consent.

Schickard in his Bechinath Happeruschin, shewing how the Jews magnifie Rabi Salomon Jarchi, addes, At si me arbitro res ista disceptaretur, palmam ego deferrem sequenti Aben Ezrae, quia non tantùm magis perspicuus est, methodicus & in stilo multùm elegantior; Scripturaeque idiotismorum tenax, sed etiam prudentior, cantior, & nugarum parcior: Cum vicissim ille à fabulis abstineat minus, obscurior sit & in Orthographiam alicubi impingat, ut cum Kimchaeo interdum non agat mitius, quam nostrates pueri cum Prisciano.

CHAP. XIX.

F

JAcobus Faber Stapulensis, skilled in all Learning, especially in Divinity.

Farel and Calvin were his Scholars. Floruit ante annos XC. aut paulò amplius Faber docente Luthero, graves persecutiones ob veritatem à Parisiensibus magistris sustinuit, ut Sleidanus in sua historia scribit. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 19. Celebertimus nostri seculi Philosophus, Belgicae, quinimo totius Galliae unum decus. Primus apud Gallos (ut Cicero apud Romanos) Philosophiam rudem adhuc & impolitam cum eloquentia junxit. Est in dicendo sublimis. In sententiis gravis. In attentione exquisitus. In compositione diligens ac curiosus. Trithem. de vir. Illustribus. Faber ingeniorum appellari volebat: quum in omni ferè doctrinae genere ad docendum aptissimus haberetur. De­fuit in eo, dum scriberet, illa Latini sermonis puritas, quae diu, aut neglecta apud externos, aut parùm accuratè quaesita, non magnoporè fervida ingenia delectabat. Scripsit Commentarios in Astronomicis, juventuti perutiles, & Scholia in moralem Philosophiam, perdiscentibus opportuna: aetate autem confectus, quum sacras literas attigisset, à Lutherano doctrina non procul abfuit, ita ut in ea suspicione senex moreretur. Paul. Jov. Elog. Vir. Doct.

He was very low, of a modest countenance, and a sweet disposition, his minde wholly estranged from all injustice. Many of his Works are mentioned in Ox­ford Catalogue.

Petrus Faber. Varro seculi nostri, vir un­decunque do­ctissimus. Casaub. Epist. 571. Vir & probitate & eruditione summus. Casaub in Capitolin. Cujus quadras Lipsius abi [...]gurivit. Montacut. Orig. Eccles.

Jacobus Cuiacius was his master.

His Agonisticon and Semestria are well esteemed.

Joan. Faber. He hath written several Works. Joannes Faber erat Maximilia­no Caesari cum primis Charus ob egregias dotes quibus praeditus est. Eruditio est recondita, ingenium promptum ac versatile, lingua felicissima, mores faciles candidique, animus uti mihi videtur integer. Gratus est multis Ger­maniae Principibus. Et tamen habet qui illi malè volunt: ut nunquam caret [...]mulis virtus eminens. Eras. Epist. l. 13. Epist. 2. Vide etiam Epist. 30. & 36. & 42.

[Page 194]
Quod studiis primus lucem intulit omnibus artes;
Et doctum cuncta [...] haec regit urna Fabrum.
Hen tenebrae tantum potuere extinguere lumen?
Si non in tenebris lux tamen ista micet.
Buchanan. Epig. l. 2.

Nic. Vellem ab­esse propius à praestantissimo viro D. Fabro, cujus judicio observationes meae aut starent aut caderent. Sanctè affirmo tibi plus solid ae eruditionis in unica illius Epistola, quam recitat primò annalium Cardinalis Baronius, invenire me quam in quovis 12 illorum Crassissimorum tomorum. Casaub. Epist. 29. Thuano. Faber, Master to Lewis the 13 th King of France.

Guido & Nicolaus Fabricii Boderiani fratres.

Bibliorum Veteris Testamenti Hebraicorum Latina interpretatio opera olim Santis Paguini nunc vero Benedicti Ariae Montani Hispalensis, Francisci Rafelengii, Guid. & Nicol, Fabriciorum fratrum collato studio ad Hebraicam dictionem expensa.

There is also

Dictionarium Syrochaldoicum Guidone Fabricio Boderiano collectore & au­ctore. He was a famous French Poet.

Divers Works of his in French are mentioned by Antoine du Verdier in his Bib­liotheque.

Qui rem lite­rariam non mediocriter & scriptis, & viva voce juvit & illustravit, & Poeticâ facultate, quam rebus sacris fere impendit, magnam laudem inter suos adeptus. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 48. Georgius Fabritius Chemnicensis.

M. Laurentius Fabricius.

Vide sis haec eadem in par­titionibus Bibliorum Hebraicorum M. Laurentii Fabricii praeceptoris olim mei ter venerandi. Crines. De Confus. Ling. c. 3.There is a Book of his called Partitiones Codicis Hebrai.

Steph. Fabricius.

He hath put out.

Conciones in Proph. Minores in Decalogum.

De rebus ge­stis Alfonfi pri­mi Neapolis regis libros, duodecim contra Laurentium Vallam de libertate animae librum anum, & de Claudian [...] bello unum edidit. Leand. Alb. Descript. Ital. in Liguria. Barth. Facius.

Alphonso, Aragonicae, Siciliae ac Neapolis regi ab Epistolis fait, vitam & res ge­stas Alphonsi conscripsit. Ubert. fol. Elog.

Vir inter Christianos Hebraicè do­ctissimus. Scalig. Elench. Trithaeres. Serar. cap. 14. Quo non solum superiori seculo, sed & multis retrò annis, nemo vixit nostratium lingua­rum peritior: id quod & in colloquiis familiaribus & in disputationibus cum Judaeis, & in explicatio­ne Targum seu Paraphraseos librorum Mosis Chaldaicae liquido demonstravit. Melchior. Adam. in vita Draconitae. Paulus Fagius, born Anno 1504. a great Hebrician.

As the Jews say of Moses Ben Maimon, à Mose usque ad Mosen non surrexit ficut Moses, viz. Maimonides, so the Germanes may say of Paulus Fagius à Paulo ad Paulum non surrexit sicut Paulus, viz. Fagius.

There is a Catalogue printed of all the Books published by him, many excel­lent ones.

His Annotations upon Onkelus his Targum on the Pentateuch (which he turned into Latine) are a special Work.

Anton. Faius a French Divine.

He hath written these Works,

In Epist. ad Romanos.

In priorem ad Timotheum.

In Ecclesiastem.

Euchiridion Theologicum.

De vita & obitu Theod. Bezae.

[Page 195] Emblemata & Epigrammata. Miscel.

Abraham Faius his Sonne hath put out Linguae Gallicae & Italicae hortulus amae­nissimus Horarum subcisivarum libri duo. Optimus ille Gallorum vir, Abrahamus de la Faye, Sabaudus. Crines. De Confus. Ling. cap. 10.

Gabriel Fallopius.

He hath published both Commentaries De rebus metallicis, Nobilissimus post Vesalium Anatomicus. Castellanus De vitis Medicorum. and also Anatomical Observations and Institutions, with other Works.

Guliel. Farel a learned and godly Minister of Genevah.

He hath written De Vray Vsage de la Croix, Of the true use of the Crosse, Fuit in hoc homine praeter pietatem, do­ctrinam, vitae innocentiam, eximiamque modestiam singularis quae­dam animi praesentia, ingenium acre sed vehementiae plenum, ur tonare potius quam loqui videretur, ardorque denique tantus in precando, ut audientes quasi in Coelos usque subveheret. Bez. Icon. Vir. Illust. and Summaire, ou brifue declaration d'aucuns lieux fort necessaires à vn Chacun Chrestien pour mettre sa confidence en Dieu & a ayderson prochain.

Salvus sit optimus senex & optimè meritus de Ecclesia. D. Farellus, primus ista­rum partium Apostolus. Calv. Epist. Bullingerus Calvino.

There is Beza's Epigram,

In tres eximios aetatis nostrae Ecclesiastas.

Gallia mirata est Calvinum Ecclesia nuper
Quo nemo docuit doctius:
Est quoque te nuper mirata, Farelle, tonantem:
Quo nemo tonuit fortius:
Et miratur adhuc fundentem mella Viretum:
Quo nemo fatur dulcius:
Scilicet aut tribus his servabere testibus olim,
Aut interibis, Gallia.

Fasciculus Temporum, A Book full of complaints against the Popes, Wornerus Rol­wingus Car­thusianus au­ctor istius li­bri. Ex Theologis secundum di­vinas literas, nemo meliu Origene, nem subtilius aut jucundius Chrysostome, nemo sanctius Basilio. Inter Latinos duo duntaxat insignes in hoc genere, Ambrosius mirus in allusionibus, & Hieronymus in arcanis literis exercitatissimus. Eras. De Ratione Studii. In Athanasio, suspicimus seriam ac sedulam docendi perspicuitatem. In Basilio, praeter sub­tilitatem, exosculamùr piam ac mitem suaviloquentiam. In hujus sodali Chrysostomo, spontè profluentem oratio­nis. Copiam amplectimur. In Cypriano spiritum veneramur, martyrem dignum. In Hilario grandi materiae parem grandiloquentiam, atque ut ita loquar Cothurnum admiramur. In Ambrosio dulces quesdam aculeos, & Episcopo debitam a namus verecundiam. In Hieronymo divitem Scripturarum penum optimo jure laudamus. Dilher. laudat. Funeb. Gerh. and grosse things in Popery.

The Fathers. They were eminent for Learning, holinesse of life and eloquence.

Antiquos Patres nos amplectimur, & ita accipimus, ut nec sine justa & evidenti ratione ab uno pluribusve, nec ad unanimi ipsorum consensu unquam in causis fidei dissentiamus. Crak. Log. l. 4. c. 26.

In the division of the Decalogve four precepts, (and one of those about not worshipping Images) are rehearsed in the first Table, by Philo, Josephus, Origen, Athanasius, Jerome, Gregory Nazianzen, Chrysostom; but six in the second. On­ly Austen (propter Trinitatis mysterium) puts three in the first Table, and seven in the second, dividing the last precept into two, and referring the second (which for­bids worshipping of Images) to the first.

D r Daniel Featly a learned Divine, and a most acute Disputant, as his Grand Sacriledge, several Conferences, and Answers to the Papists, and other Works shew.

Minutius Felix, an eloquent Father. Insignem fo­ri Romani Causidicum fuisse. Hieronymus auctor est. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit.

[Page 196] Joan. Jaec. Fris. Biblioth. Phi­los. Exstat hodie sub Fenestellae nomine liber de Magistrati­bus Romanis. Quem Germanum tanti viri saetum pucare, hoc vero desiperè sit. Nam meminit in eo auctor, non Plinii tantùm, sed & Gellii, qui Hadriani aevo fuit: Imo Episcoporum quoque & Archiepiscoporum mentionem facit, sed verus scriptor est Andreas Dominicus Floccus Florentinus, Secretarius Pontificis Romani, & Canonicus Florentinus, quem hoc de argumento scripsisse testatur Flaevius Blondus in Hetruria sua. Ac Lilius Gyraldus Hi­storiae de Poetts dialogo 4. ait, habere se codices manuscriptos, quorum istiusmodi inscriptio sit, Andreae Domi­nici Flacci Florentini ad Brandem, Cardinalem Placentinum, de Romanis Magistratibus Liber. Atque in iis erat praefa­tio, quae in lib [...]is praelo excusis desiderabatur. Voss. De Hist. Lat. l. 1. c. 19. Vide plura ibid. Lucius Fenestella, a famous Historian, of whom Plinie, Plutark, Gellius make mention.

He lived in the time of Tiberius Caesar.

Dominicus Floccus Florentinus was the Author of the little Book De Magistra­tibus & Sacerdotiis Romanorum, ascribed to him.

Dudlie Fenner a learned Divine.

Thomas Cartwright and Walter Travers were his Scholars.

There is his S. Theologia methodicè digesta, and several English Tracts.

His Commentary on the Canticles.

The order of Houshold Government.

An Interpretation of the Lords Prayer.

An Interpretation upon the Epistle to Philemon.

A short Table orderly disposing the principles of Religion out of the first Table of the Law.

A Treatise of the Sacrament.

A profitable Treatise of lawfull and unlawfull Recreations.

Art of Logick and Rhetorick plainly set forth, with examples for the practice of the same, &c.

Answer unto the Confutation of the Recantation of John Nicols, especially in the matters of Doctrine, of Purgatory, Images, &c.

Joannes Fernelius, a learned French Physician to Henry the second of France.

Cujus admira­bili Genio id contigit, quod à multis seculis nulli quamlibet erudito contigisse memini, ut ipso vivo atque vidente opera quae de universa medicina scripsit in Scholis publicè legerentur: ejusque autoritas veterum scriptorum instar apud optimum quemque rei medicae ma­gistrum gravissimum esset ponderis & momenti. Neque sane injuria: fuit enim in illo viro praeter summum elo­quentiae candorem non solum medicinae, sed & Mathematicarum artium universaeque naturae vis tantaque cognitio, ut prodigii cujusdam id fuerit simile. Scaev. Samarth. Elog. Gall. Medicinam universam doctissimis & politissimis scriptis complexus est. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 21.

Ei multum de­bet universa Gallia, quando is rerum Gallicarum historiam Pauli Aemylii libris attexendam à Caroli VIII. temporibus ad Hen­rici II. adventum eadem styli tum puritate tum velocitate persecutus est. Non minus amplam & uberem nacturus operis continuandi seget [...]m, si ad ea quae deinde vidimus turbulentissima Galliae tempora filum historiae suae per­duxisset, nec in medio cursu constitister. Eo tamen faciliori jactura, quòd summae vir auctoritatis atque doctrinae Jacobus Augustus Thuanus id quoque argumenti suscipere magno Gallici nominis incremento meditatur. Scaev. Samarth. Gall. Elog. Arnoldus Ferronus.

John Ferus.

Vir in divinis literis nobi­liter doctus, eloquentia singulari prae­ditus, cui pa­rem in officio Evangelicae praedicationis Catholicae Germanorum Ecclesiae hac nostra tempestate non habent. Sixt. Seneus. Bibliothec. Sanct. lib. 4.He is no suborned or counterfeit Author, but the famousest Preacher that was in Mentz, or in Germany in all his time: His Commentaries upon John were eight times at least printed in ten years. Crashaws Prolegom. to the English Papists before his Romish Forger▪ and Falsificat.

Jacobus Fevardentius.

De fide Ca­tholica optimè meritus. Eruditus, sed furi [...]sus Theologus. Montacut. Apparat. 1.That railing Franciscan answerable to his name.

[Page 197] Joannes Fichardus.

He was born at Francford ad Moenum Anno 1512.

Decus & ornamentum eorum quibus cumvixit, & patriae imò Germaniae totius & sa­culi sui. Boissardi Icones.

He hath written De vitis Jurisconsultorum recentiorum, and other Works men­tioned by Boissard.

Marsilius Qui totum Platoneus La­tinum fecir, & post hunc Ho­timum Platonicorum omnium doctissimum, in Latinum sermonem convertit, cujus divinae Philosophiae libri Phi­losophici 54. nuper Graeco Latini in amplo volumine Basileae excuduntur. Neand. Geog. Ficinus of Florence, a famous Philosopher, Physician and Divine.

He wrote many excellent Works.

Tu Platonem, quanquam & alios veteres, sed Platonem tamen ipsum maxime. Platonicosque omnes: & Latinè loqui doces, & uberrimis Commentariis locupletas. Polit. Epist. l. 9. Ep. 13, Polit Marsil. Fic. Eo saltem facto meritus; ut qui tot clarorum vi­torum memoriam in occulto latere passus non est, ipse quoque oblivioni minimè sit tra­dendus. Melch. Ad. in ejus vita.

Richard Field a learned Divine.

He hath written learnedly of the Church, and in defence of such parts of his Book, as have been excepted against.

Thomas Fienus, a very learned Physician, who hath published a very rational and scholastical Treatise, Concerning the Power of the Imagination.

Jo. Filesacus, a learned Writer, as his Books shew, Opera varia, De sacra Epis­coporum auctoritate, De Idololataria, De Politico & legitimo Principis cultu Com­ment.

John Fisher Joannes Fish­erius Rostensis Episcopus & Thomas Morus eques, Angli Chiduo pro tuenda religione, & quod nollent secundas nuptias Henrici octavi priore vivente, approbare, mortem obierunt An. 1539. Geneb. Chron. l. 4. Morus & Roffensis, postquam Joannem Fri­thum doctissimum Juvenem, ejusque Collegam ignibus dederunt, an non ipsi mox in Carcerem abrepti injustae suae saevitiae justas exoluerunt poenas. Foxus contra Osorium. l. 3. Vir singulari eruditione, omnifariam doctissimus. Sixt. Seneus. Bibliothec. l. 4. Vide plura ibid. Bishop of Rochester. Vir singulari pietate & eruditione. Eras. Epist. l. 290. Epist. 42.

Sir Anthony Fitzherbert. Sr Edw. Cooks Pref. to his tenth part of Reports.

His Abridgement was painfully and elaborately collected and published in the 11 th year of K. Henry 8. by him then Serjeant at Law: and he wrote also another Book called his Natura brevium, an exact Work exquisitely penned, and publish­in the 26. year of Henry 8. When he was Knight, one of the Judges of the Court of Common-pleas: about the same time he wrote his Treatise of Justices of the Peace.

L. Florus. Anno Aerae Christianae 193. Ea potissima est Flori nostri laus, quod scriptor est elegans & disertus, & si paucula exceperis quae frigidius dicta­ri videntur, verè floridus. Sed latae est culpae reus, quòd in temporum ratione usque adeò negligens sit; ita ut non possit non saepiùs hallucinari, qui hunc ducem sequi velit. Valde autem fallunrur, qui eum putant in hi­storia sua Epitomen nobis Livii dare voluisse. Siquidem crebro à Livio recedit. Voss. De Histor. Lat. 1. lib. 1. cap. 30.

He lived in the Raign of Trajane and Hadrian.

Vbertus Folieta. Ego tua scri­pta & legeram ante multos annos & ita probaram, ut ex iis qui tune excellere putabantur, tibi neminem anteferrem. Haec de tuis Liguribus illustris & diligens & ornata commemoratio ita mihi placuit, ut, qui conferri tecum hoc in genere possit, prorsus neminem esse judicaverim. Pauli Manut. Epist. l. 12. Epist. 12.

He hath published divers Works.

One, De Latinae Linguae usu & praestantia.

And Clarorum Ligurum Elogia.

[Page 198] Acuratissimè docuit beatae memoriae Pater Patricius Forbesius à Corse, Episcopus Aberdoniensis in illustrissimo in Apocalypsin Commentario & insignitractatu de vocatione ministrorum. Praesertim verò in egregio illo libro de notis Ecclesiae qui Eubulus in­scribitur. Joannis Forbos. Instruct. Histor. Theol. l. 14. c. 6. Patrick Forbes a learned Scotch Divine.

John Forbes his Son. He put out Instructiones Historicae Theologicae, a Book well esteemed of, and Ironicum.

Joannes de Vado John Ford or Foorth a learned English Divine.

He hath written several Works.

Synopsis Politica.

In Apocalypsin.

The Necessity and Antiquity of catechizing, and on Heb. 6.1.

The Covenant between God and man.

Literarum pe­ritia ac lingua­rum inclaruit Conimbricen­si in Academia apud Lusita­nos. Biblioth. Hispan. Tom. 2 Franciscus Forerius.

He said as much as possibly could be said in the Defence of the Vulgar Transla­tion, altering the Hebrew Vowels for this purpose at his pleasure, yet it seemeth the errours discovered by him in his Comment upon Esay hath hindered the setting forth of his other Commentaries upon the Prophets, which he had finished (as ap­pears by the later part of his Epistles to the Trent Fathers) so the Church would have approved them. D r Jackson on the Creed, Vol. 1. l. 2. c. 31.

He that wrote the Spanish Bibliotheque in the second Tome saith, He is said to have written besides that on Esay (which I have not seen) upon the other grea­ter Prophets, the twelve lesser, Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Can­ticles.

Sixtus Senensis saith, He wrote upon all the Prophets.

Petrus Forrestus Petrus Fo­restus è nobili apud Batavos Forestana stirpe oriundus, medicus fuit incomparabilis, ut scripta ejus testantur. Boxhorn. Theat. Holland., a learned Physician.

He read the first Lecture in Physick, and made the first Oration for its praise in the University of Leyden then restored.

He hath published many learned Works.

CHAP. XX.

Usuram lucis primùm Augu­stae vindelico­rum coepit Anno 1495. Boissard. Icon. Vir linguae Hebraicae scientiâ Clarus, quam & scriptis luculentis illustravit. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 17. Scripsit Dictionarium Hebraicum novum, non ex Rabbinorum commentis, sed ex ipsis Thesauris Bibliorum, & aecurata eorundem locorum collatione depromtum cum phrasibus Scripturae veteris & Novi Testamenti diligenter annotatis. Melch. Adam. in ejus vita. JOannes Forsterus.

He was Professour of the Hebrew Tongue at Wittenberg, and very much il­lustrated and amplified it with a Lexicon published at Basil in folio.

Sir John Fortescue, an excellent Antiquary, and of profound knowledge in the Common-Law.

He hath written a book De laudibus Legum Angliae.

This Book was written in the Raign of K. H. 6. in commendation of the Laws of England, containing with all much excellent matter worthy the reading.

John Talis ille semper erat, ut qui bonis arti­bus, seu doceret seu scriberet, elimatam eloquentiam terse adjunxerit: Latinè & eleganter multa scripsit. De Ecclesia & ejus pasto­ribus. De re Eucharistica. De lapsis recipiendus. Expostulationem Christi cum homine. Adversus deliri theologi calumnias. De censura Ecclesiastica. Commentarios rerum Ecclesiae. Persecutiones Ecclesiae à Luthero. Locorum Com­munium titulos. Ad Angliae proceres pro afflictis. Christum triumphantem, Comaed. Baleus De Scrip. Britan. Cent. 9. Fox, sometime exile for the profession of the Gospel, that Saint-like Historian M r Fox, D r Hall.

[Page 199]He studied the Arts, and three principal Languages first in Oxford in Magdalen Colledge.

He wrote elegantly in Latine, as appears by what he added to D r Haddon against Osorius, and one part of his Acts and Monuments. Medit. in Apoc.

De Christo Crucifixo Concio.

De Christo gratis Justificante.

Disputatio contra Jesuitas, contra inherentem justitiam.

His English Works.

His Acts and Monuments.

A Treatise of Gods Election.

Sermons.

Translation of Vrbanius Regius of Faith and Hope, and others mentioned by Maunsell.

Sebastian Vir doctrina, judicio, elo­quentia, suo tempore non incelebris. Whear. Meth. leg. Hist. parte 2 da. Sect. 2. Fuit & hic annus clarorum virorum morte funestus quorum princeps commemorandus venit Paulus Foxius Archiepiscopus Tolosanus, saepius à me ho­norificè, sicuti par fuit, appellatus, olim in Parisiensi curia Senator, postea Anglicana & Veneta, dein & aliis le­gationibus summa cum prudentiae laude felicissimè defunctus. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 80. Vide etiam Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. l. 109 p. 457 de Francisco Foxie. Fox a most elegant and learned Spanish Philosopher.

Thuanus in his History often makes honourable mention of Paul Fox, and once of Francis Fox.

Of which last, saith Scaevola Sammarthanus in his Elogies of learned French­men, Jure igitur tanto alumno superba laetatur Gallia hoc abundè per te consecunta, ut Italiae suos Mirandulas invidere jam desinat.

Hieronimus Fracastorius, a most famous Philosopher. Ad exactam Philosophiae & Mathemati­carum artium, ac praecipue Astronomiae, quam & do­ctissimis scri­ptis illustravit, cognitionem, summam judicium & admirabile ingenium attulit, quo multa ab antiquis aut igno­rata aut secus accepta adinvenit, & explicavit, & medicinam, ut honestissime ac citra lucrum, ita foelicissime fe­cit. Poeticam verò ita excoluit, ut ad Virgilianam majestatem proximè accessisse eum faterentur aemuli. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 12. He is called by many Divinus Fracastorius.

Vir consummatissimae doctrinae: Medicus enim, Poeta, Astrologus & Philosophus fuit sua aetate doctissimus. Ejus Poemata tanti fiunt apud omnes literatos, ut illa con­ferant cum Vergilianis. Boissardi Icones.

He died at Padua Anno Christianae salutis 1553.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard.

Franciscus Anno Aerae Christianae 1199. Helv. Chron. See of St Francis in Matthew Paris. Histor. Anglic. in Henrico tortio. Sanctorum & vitae. Monachus, an Italian Frier, an ignorant man for Learning, but witty, and the more, for that his wit was shrouded under the shadow of great sim­plicity: He was the Founder of the Franciscans. Bonaventure hath written his life.

Francis Franciscus Rex primus regias linguas atque artium liberalium pro­fessiones in­stituit. Rami Schol. Math. l. 1. Franciscus Rex Gulielmum Bu­daum ab um­bra & pulvere literario, in quibus delites­cebat ad hono­res & splendo­rem aulae evo­hebat, & hono­rifica ad Leo­nem X, qui & ipse summo amore doctos prosequebatur, legatione or­nabat. Ex hu­jus consilio postea profes­sores linguae sacrae, Graecae & Latinae, Philosophiae item, medicinae & mathematicarum disciplinarum instituit, qui attribu­tis pro tempore amplissimis stipendiis in ludo Cameracensi publicè praelegerent, horum ope discussis ignorantiae tenebris, lux literis, & per literas ueritati in Gallia, atque ad eo tota Europa, restituta est: ut cum alii principes ambitiosis, aliunde conquisitis titulis vanam gloriamau cupentur, ipse parens litterarum appellari meruerit, circa se doctos homines semper habuit, quos dum cibum caperet de rebus pulcerrimis disserentes avidissimè audiebat: praecipuéque naturalis historiae enarratione delectabatur, in qua tantum audiendo profecerat, ut quamvis à pueritia nullis literis imbutus, quicquid de animalibus, plantis, metallis, geminis ab antiquis & recentibus scriptoribus memoriae proditum est, & meminisset & apte ediffereret. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 11. Vide plura ibid. Franciscus Franciae, vel hoc uno bonarum artium ac literarum amore à Francis Magnus cognominatus, ut antea Cosmus à Florentinis. Rami Praefat. Mathem. 3. C'est ce Roy, qui institua les douze Lecteurs Royaux en son Université de Paris, & auquel principalement ce titre, par droict de precipur, luy est Escheu de Pere, nourissier & amateur des bonnes lettres, lesquelles il a conduit à telle perfection, qu' elles sont arrivees au feste de leur gloire, & jusques à Ce poinct, que le siecled Auguste fils adoptif de Jules Caesar n a point esté si copieux en hommes de grande litera­ture & pleins de diversitè de scauoir, que le temps qui nous à menè & mis au siege Royall ce Francois pere de Muses Thevet. Vies des Hommes Illustres l. 4. the first King of France, Anno 1515.

The several courses he took for the restoring of Learning in France, Antoine du Verdier mentions in his learned Preface to his Bibliotheque, and in his Book, he saith, He was deservedly called the father of Learning, because he planted in his Kingdom both Hebrew, Greek and Latine, and gave great salaries to the choice men of all Europe in all Learning, to reade publickly in the University of Paris. See more there.

To one that desired pardon for another that had used ill speeches of his Majesty, this King said, Let him for whom thou art a Sutor, learn to speak little, and I will learn to pardon much.

Thevet and Postellus travelled into the East to procure him rare Books for his Li­brary.

The death of King Francis chanced unfortunately for Students and learned men. For he loved all Liberal Sciences, no man b [...]tter, nor shewed more liberality to advance the same. Through long use and custom, he had gotten much knowledge. For dining and supping his talk was commonly of Learning, and that most earnest­ly [Page 200] using many years for the same purpose James Coline a learned man, and in the vulgar tongue most eloquent. And after him Peter Castellan. Of these two had he learned, whatsoever was written in the books of Poets, Historiographers and Cosmographers. Moreover he knew perfectly whatsoever Aristotle, Theophrastus, Pliny, and such other like, have written of the nature of Plants, Herbs, Beasts, Metals and precious Stones, and by daily use and hearing did remember them.

He was wont also to conferre much of the Mathematical Sciences, and to reason oft of the Scriptures. In his own Tongue he was alwayes accounted right eloquent and grave. Throughout Greece and Italy he had those that sought and copied out for him the Works of old Writers, and he made a great Library. The Keeper whereof was Castellane. Sleid. Comment. l. 19. p. 283. Evangelium in Gallia perumpit sub Francisco 2 0.

Kings might soon be learned, who might learn the holy Word of both Testa­ments in two moneths, and the Concent of Scripture in an hour: and might com­mand that every Sermon should either abridge the whole Bible, as S t Paul doth to the revolting Hebrews: or tell the afflictions of our Lords Family, as Daniel doth seven times over: or weaknesse of Salomons Kings: or how Aarons twelve stones tell the Tribes story: or the golden chain of Chronicle and Jubilees: or the Mysteries of Moses Ceremonies: or Collations of Prophecies with event: or like Revolutions to shew Gods facility in teaching Christ: or some whole book in one Sermon. Brought of the Revelat. in c. 12.

Jurisconsui [...]us altae eruditio­nis vir, Ger­maniae suae ocellus. Casaub. ad Theophr. Charact. Optimus & doctissimus Freherus Germaniae decus & juris & omnis eruditionis pericissimus. Principi Palatino a Consiliis. Casaub. Animadvers. in Sueton. Marquardus Freherus.

He was born Anno Christiano 1565. a great Antiquary.

His Works are mentioned by Melch. Ad. in his life.

Joh. Tho. Freigius, a very learned man, Anno Christi 1564.

He was famous for his knowledge in Philosophy, Philology, Law. Peter Ramus his Scholar, and diligent follower all his life time. He writ his Life, and this Epi­gram on him being dead.

Invictus, Rame es, nam bis duo pectore gestas:
Socratis, Euclidis, Tullii, Aristotelis.
Arte es Aristoteles: methodo Plato: Tullius ore:
Ingenio Euclides Rame, quid ulterius.

Melchior Adam mentions his works.

Nicolaus Frischlinus, a learned man.

John Praeter bo­narum litera­rum recondi­tam eruditionem, in utraque lingua Latina & Graeca, doctissimus evasit. Baleus De Script. Brit. Cent. 8. Frith, a learned Divine and Martyr.

[Page 201] Jo. Froissardus Anno Aerae Christianae 1378. Helv. Chron., a French Historian.

Libertus Amaenissimi ac politissimi vir ingenii, doctrinae, & lectionis omnifariae, atque in Mathesi r [...]rumque coelestium indagatione non infeliciter quoque vetsatus. Valeri Andreae Bibliotheca Belgica. Fromondus, He hath written well of Meteors.

Lucas Fruterius. Quae scripta, quanquam ad­fecta pocius, quàm confecta sunt (mors enim interve­nit, & limam omnem abrupit) tamen facilè adolescentis ingenium judiciumque indicant. Aubert, Mirai. Elog. Belg.

Lipsius mentions him among the prime wits of the Low-Countreyes.

There are published three Books of his, verisimilium.

There are also Epistolae Philologicae of his.

Leonardus Duabus ma­ximè rebut, in docendo neces­sariis, veram consequebàtur laudem, metho­do & sermonde perspicuitate. Melch. Ad. in vita Fuchsii. Fuchsius, Anno Salutis humanae 1501.

He rightly called his Book Compendium medicinae, but not Methodum medicinae, as Caius de libris propriis shews.

These Works of his are published.

Compendiara ac succincta admodum in medendi artem introductio.

Liber sextus Epidemiorum Hippocratis è Graeco in Latinum translatus, cum Com­mentariis Inculentissimis.

Paradoxorum medicinae libri tres, in quibus multa à nemine hactenus prodita, Arabum & aetatisque nostra medicorum errata confutantur.

And others mentioned by Melchior Adam.

B. Fulgentius Ruspensis Episcopus Fulgentissimum Ecclesiae sidus. Voss. Hist. Pelag. l. 1. c. 21. Vixit Anno Aerae Christi [...]00. Calvis. Chron. 491. Helv. Hic in exi­lium missus est in Sard [...]iam una cum centum aliis & viginti Episcopis Africae, à Trasymundo Uvandalorum rege duriusculus inprimis, & affectatiot stylo est, adeò ut in scriptis suis spinas, & verborum asperitates, si non aculeos potius pro verbis inseruisse videatur: Et inprimis in mythologico. Nam alia quidem piè, & Christianè scripta, non tam hor­rida sunt. Lil. Gyrald. De Poet. Histor. Dial. 4. Fulgentius Augustini sententiis adeò delectatus est, ut eas pluri­bus in locis non tam imitatus sit, quam expresserit. Gomarus De Provid. Dei. c. 12.

In the time of his sicknesse this was his familiar speech, Da Deus mi, hic patien­tiam, post indulgentiam. Here, ô God, give me patience, and then pardon and mercy.

Fulgentius Ferrandus, 530.

Baptista In Baptisto Fulgosio qui patrum no­strorum aetate principatum in patria obtinuit, tanta fuit, ac tam multiplex eruditio, tantáque vetustatis atque omnium aetatum cognitio, ut quem cum illo conferas, haud facile reperias: id quod manifeste docet opus laborio­sissimum, quo Valerium Maximum imitatus de factis & dictis memorabilibus conscripsit. In quo omnium natio­num, omniumque temporum exempla ita collegit, ut cunctorum saeculorum historiam brevi perstrictam ante oculos hominum posuisse videatur, quae res immensi operis atque infiniti pene laboris fuit. Vbert. Fol. Clar. Lig. Elog. Vide plura ibid. Fulgosius.

William Fulk Doctor of Divinity, and Master of Pembrook Hall in Cam­bridge. As for the Cen­turies I dare say, I never [...] five leaves of them toge­ther, or in parts. But I dare shew to any man that doubteth of my reading of the most ancient Writers, my Book of Notes written with mine own hand, more then fifteen years past. Doctor Fulkes Rejoynd. to Bristows Reply.

That profound, ready and resolute Doctor, the hammer of Hereticks, the Champion of Truth D. Hall first Decad. of Epist. Epist. 7.

His English Works are fully mentioned by Maunsel in his Catalogue of English printed Books.

His Latine are,

Our anomachia.

Resp. ad Ep. Stanislai Hosii de expresso Dei verbo.

De successione Ecclesiastica contra Stapletonum Praelectiones in Apocalypsi [...].

Nic. Fuller.

[Page 202]He is styled Doctissimus vir by Constantine L' Empereur notis in Benjaminem, and by Buxtorf Dissertat. de Nomin. Heb.

His Miscellanies, and his Exposition of Rabbi Mardochie Nathans Hebrew roots with Notes upon it (in a Manuscript kept in Archivis in Oxford Library) shew his excellent skill in the Hebrew, and in other Philologicall Learning. Per multa sunt difficilia & obscura in Opere illo utilissimo concordantiarum Hebraicarum à R. Mardochaeo Nathane constructo. Quae partim in ipsa versione nostra, partim in notis eidem insertis, pro virili parte expedivimus atque illustravimus. Fulleri Miscel. c. 4. l. 6. c. 19.

Inter harum literarum studiosos meritò primas tenet Nicolaus Fullerus. Pocock. Not. Miscel. In Portam Mosis.

He intended to put forth a Lexicon. Sicuti in Lexico nostro apertius oftendamus & sigillatim, modo vita supersit, ac studiis conatibusque nostris propitius adsit caelestis Pater & Deus noster in secula benedictus. Fulleri Miscel. l. 3. c. 10. and c. 20. of the same book he saith, Quemadmodum in Lexico nostro dilucidè docuimus. Vide Praefat. [...]jus ad l. 4. Miscel. & l. 4. c. 7.

The End of the third Book.

THE FOVRTH BOOK. Of such as were Famous for ZEAL IN THE True RELIGION, Or in any Kinde of Learning.

CHAP. I.

G

IO. Gagneius.

He hath written upon all the New Testament.

Rob. Gagwin.

He wrote the French History.

Erasmus his intimate friend cals him a most discreet Hi­storiographer. Robertus Gaguinus Annali [...] Galliae scri­ptor egre­gius, Ludo­vico XII. inprimis ca­rub vir cert [...] ­non in histo­ria modò, sed in Oratoria quoque ac poetica facultate, omnique politiori litteratura egregie versatus. [...] Mirai Elog. Belg.

He compares him to Salust and Livy, for purity of speech and composition of his History.

He was sent Embassadour by the King of France into Italy, England, and Germany.

He put out some Poems.

[Page 204] Petrus Scito illos libros esse compendium duorum ingentium voluminum, quibus titulum Pugionem fidei facit auctor Raimundus Sebon Monachus Domi­nicus eximius Philologus, Scalig. Epist. Casaub. Vide Scalig. l. 2. Epist. 44. & 93 & Observat. Jo [...]e [...]h de Vo [...]sin in Proaemium Raym. Mart. Pug. Fid. Galatinus nec à se, quae scripsit, habuit, nec etiam rem intellexit. Norum est, illum Raymundi Martini Pugionem compilasse, & ex eo quaecunque habuit, in solidum hausisse. Qua de re ego testari possum qui utrumque habeo. Joan. Buxtorf. Simco [...]i de Muis. Vide Cartw. Praetat. ad Annotac in Genes. Galatinus.

He takes all from Raimondus or Porche [...]ut.

Galeacius Caracciolus Genevam parte & con­juge ac liberis relictis con­cessit; cum aloquoties cum patre primum in Italia, & postea cum patre ac conjuge simul collocutus, nec illius reverentia, nec amore hujus, aut liberorum collo paterno haerentium blandiciis ac lacrymis adduci posset ut propo­situm mutaret. Postremo Genevam reversut, quasi uxor secum prima divortium fecisset, aliam duxit, primum con­sultis Pastoribus, sicuti scribunt, qui res eas prodidere. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 4. l. 85. Vide plura ibid., an Italian Marquesse. He renounced Popery, and be­came a good Protestant.

Beza hath written his Life.

Galen, a Learned Physitian of Pergamus, the chiefest Physitian next Hyp­pocrates. Anno Aerae Christi 143. Calvis. Chron. 138. Helv. Chron. Hic cunctis Philosophis & Philologis utilis, loquitur ubique, puro, eleganti, sim­plici, & nun­quam affecta­to sermone, non sine mag­na vocum & sententiarum supellectile: adeò, ut nulla satierate lectorem offendat: sed ubique progrediendi cupidum, rhetorico artificio demulceat, homo ad eloquentiam factus. In hoc praecepta quaedam philosophica rara & eximia, magisque illustria quàm apud ullum alium scriptorem, invenias. Nhil obtrudit lectori, quod non firmis rationibus de­monstret, ac ejus contrarium refutet, qui [...] [...]abet perpulchra, affectibus moderandis. Ambitionem & avaritiam praecipuè insectatur, & de quali [...]et [...]ctè & eleganter disserit. Nullis non ad ingenii Cultum ejus lectio utilis. Heura. Dissertat. De Studio Medic.

He coming to a shop and finding a Book under his name which he knew not of, nor never saw before, he wrote a Book de libris propriis.

The like hath Cardane and Caius of Cambridge done, that their genuine writings might be known, they having published many Works.

Some say he lived sevenscore years.

Galenus homo Graecus, & summi judicii ac doctrinae vir, ut si quis alius sui aut insequentis temporis. Caius de Pronunciat. Graec. & Lat. Ling.

His Philosophicall and Physicall Books were printed in Greek by Aldus Manu­tius at Venice, being distinguished into Temes, with the most copious Prefaces of Camerarius, Gemaseus and Fuchsius most famous men: They were Printed at Basil in a great Folio.

Petrus He wrote an Oration contra Academiam Rami, and ano­ther of the praises of Fran­cis the first. Gallandius. Turnebus in the 2 d Book of his Adversaria, c. 1. much commends him.

Inter primos liberales disciplinas in Gallia jacontes politioris doctrinae luce illustra­vit. Aub. Mir. Elog. Belg.

Many of the famous learned men of France were his Scholars, amongst which Adrian Turnebus was one, as he ingenously confesseth in his Adversaria.

Gulilaeus Sidereus Nuncius, mag­na, longéque admirabilia spectacula pandens, suspiciendaque proponens, maximè Philosophis, atque Astronomis, quae per­spicilli nuper à se reperti beneficio sunt observat [...] faciae Lunae, Leouis Alla [...]ii Apes Vrbana. Vide [...] Chronol. clarorum Mathematicorum. Florentiae nobili ac vetere prosapia, non tamen legitimo thro, natus. Jani Nicii Eryibraei Pinacotheca. Vide plura ibid. Galilaeus of Florence, a famous Philosopher [...] Mathematician.

He hath published many things in the Hetrurian and Latine Language.

Henricus Anno. [...] Christi [...]291. Helv, Chron. Henric [...] à Gandav [...] qui vulgo doctor sole [...]nis voca­tur, floruit ante 350 annos. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit l. 16. Nemo Belgarum Henrico Gandavensi in Theologicis ac Philosophicis studiis, aut acrior aut subtilior fuit, ut qui admirandis Commentationum Voluminibus, communi Gymnasiorum consensu, Doctoris Sole [...]nis cognomen assecutus sit. Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgica. Gandavensis.

He was born at Gaunt in the Low-Countries, and was a Doctor of Sorbonne and explained the Scriptures many years at Paris.

He wrote, besides Learned Commentaries upon Aristotles Physicks and Meta­physicks, a Theologicall summe, and a great Volume of Quodlibeticall Questions, as they called them.

[Page 205] Stephen Homo is & doctissimus & vaferrimus, Pontificiaeque factioni dedi­tissimus, it [...] tamen ut tem­poribus se accommodans vivente Henrico (qui in legationibus illius opera multum usus fuerat, & magnam au­thoritatem ipsi detulerat) iis quae semel legibus constituta essent, nunquam voluerit refragari. Godw. Rerum An­glic. Annal. l. 2. Edw. 6. Vir fuit procul dubio haud indoctus (quod opera ejus satis resfantur) & ingenio ultra quam expediret acri, eo [...]nisi rectius usus fuisset. Pro odio quo veram religionem prosecutus est capitali, non solum multos bonos viros flammis tradidit absumendos, verum & in hoc omnibus ingenii nervis incubuit, ut Eliz [...]be­tham nuper Reginam quoquo modo tolleret è medio; frustra dicens, folia decuti, ramusculos amputari; radicem hanc & haereticorum spem unicam excindendam ac stirpi [...]us eradicandam, alias nihil eos actutos. Godw. De Praesul. Ang. Comment. In lecto decumbentis Cadaver ita pu [...]ridum faetidumque ante Mortem suit, ut praesen­tibus qui eum curabant nihil molestius ipso odore esse potuit. In ipso mortis momento haec verba ejaculatus est. Erravi cum Petro, non flevi cum Petro. Antiq. Britan. p. 342. Gardiner Bishop of Winchester, a Scholar good enough, as his Works shew, but a great enemy to the Protestants in Q. Maries daies.

He died miserably, as M r Fox and others bear witness.

He hath written a Book De vera Obedientiae; and other Works in En­glish.

Petrus Gassendus, Petrus Gassen­dus Diniensis Ecclesiae [...]he­ologus, vir primatius, qui novo ingenii acumine, diserta orationis textura, & admirandorum monumentorum copia Europae innotuit. Leonis Allatii Apes Urbanae. Professor of the Mathematicks at Paris, the greatest Astro­nomer now living.

Thomas Gataker of the Gatakers of Gataker in Shropshire, a solid, judicious and pious Divine; as his divers learned Latine and English Treatises shew.

For the Hebrew he acknowledged himself much beholding to Lively in the 9 th Ch. of the 2 d Book of his Cinnus, and for the Greek to John Boyse, c. 9. of the first Book. See his Life.

He was my worthy Friend, and receiving a kinde Letter from him not long be­fore his death, he thus concluded it, Thus with hearty salutation of your self and yours, recommending your pious indeavours and indefatigable labours to the Lords gracious protection, I rest, Yours assured in him, T. G.

Lucas Gauricus.

He flourished at Venice Anno Christi 1550.

He was made Bishop for his Learning. He wrote many things. His Works are in two Tomes.

Pomponius Gauricus a Learned man also, was his brother.

He hath written De Sculptura.

Theodorus Gaza, Omnium sui temporis hominum doctissimus habitus est. Boiss. Icon. Anno Aerae Christi 1440. Helv. Chron. Historias Ari­stotelis de Animalibus, & Theophra­sti de plantis, im Latinas fecit, ut Romanae linguae facultatem, quum nova vocabula solerter effingerer, audaci, sed generosa iranflatione locupletavit. Paul Jov. Elog. Vir. Doct. Magn [...]m incomparahisemque jacturam jampridem fecimus Pontifex Maxime in Theodoro Gaza, qui vir Graecus Latinca omnes in hoc munare scribendi interpretan­dique superavit. Is si diutius vixiffet: hac quoque parte locupletasset. Quod & tecit in libris illis absoluti [...] de animalibus Aristotelis, & Theophrasti de stirpibus. Ab hujus scriptis adjutum me & fateor & [...] ego non magno [...]e [...]e in curiosius legi, quam M. Tullium, Plinium, Columellam, Varronem, Senec [...]m, [...], & [...] ­teros, quos in hoc genere Commentandi diligenter en [...]nere [...]eoeff [...]rium est. Polit. Epist. l. r [...]. Epist. 218. [...] Barb. ad Sixtum quartum Po [...]. Max. Vide Pier. Valer. De litteratorum infelicitare, l. 4.

He was born in Greece, and brought up in Italy. Vir graecus, & ut doctis etiam videtur eruditissimus. Polit. Miscel. Cent. 1.

He did so happily translate Tullies Book de Senectute into Greek, that he hath excellently there represented the Majesty of Tullies eloquence.

When he presented to Sixtus Quartus the Pope of Rome Aristotles Books de Animalibus, translated out of Greek, which could not be done but by one most learned in both Languages, and the Book was adorned with golden plates. The Pope asked what the adorning of it cost, his servant telling him fourty pieces of gold, he commanded so many to be given him, and no more. Alsted. Encyclop.

Many of his Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Ico [...]s.

[Page 206] Geber, a Learned Arabian, a great Chymist, and a most acute Writer, but ve­ry obscure. Arabs fuit Geber, quo nemo de rebus Chymicis scripsit erudi­tius, sublimi­us, doctius, melioti metho­do, subtilius & acutius, ita tamen tempe­rata tota illa sua scriptione & tractatione, ut lectores non doctiores sed ferè incertiores & magis dubios à se dimittat, cùm, si quis attendat, ultro deditaque opera & studio involuat, quae dicit & tradit omnia, ne quisquam unquam videlicet acquirat ex librorum ejus lectione. Centum annis post Ma­humetem vixit, quem natione Graecum aiunt fidem abjurasse. Neand. Geog. part. 2.

The Alchimists have on set purpose (saith Thenet Vies des hommes Illustres l. 2.) obscured their manner of teaching, not only thereby to make their Science more wonderfull, but also to hinder the most part of men from attaining it. He saith there that William Postell his good Friend and companion of his Travels in the East, Greece and Asia, had the Almagest of Geber, which is an excellent Work in the Arabick Tongue, containing the Explanation of the state of the years, and Ceremonies, according to the Feasts and Solemnities of the Israelites, Nestorians, Persians and Syrians, which he had got from a Jew.

There is in Sion Colledge Alchimia, De Metallorum Investígatìone & Per­fectione.

De Fornacibus construendis Explicatio librorum Gebri, & Raym. Lullii.

An. Dom. 496. Gelastus Cyri­cen, 476. Gelasius primus Papa.

Gelasius the first of that name Pope, published five Books of the two Natures of Christ, against Eutiches & Nestorius. Two Books against Arius.

Bohemus, vir diversis linguis & variarum rerum cognitione doctissimus. Gesneri Bibliotheca. Sigism. Gelenius.

He hath written Observat. & Emendat. in Tit. Livium.

Aulus Gellius. In the year of our Lord 98.

Ludovicus Vives censures him somewhat harshly Homo rhap­sodus plane, congestor po­tius quam di­gestor, & ostentator quam peritus, loquaculus sine eruditione: in verbis ac sententiis putidulus. Quae de significatu vocum disserit, sunt plerunque imperita ac falsa. Legendus est quidem, sed ita, ut te rem levem scias inspicere. Lud. Viv. de Tradend. Discip. l. 3. Aulus Gellius Romae Magistrarum aliquando gessit. Noctium Atticarum (philologiam eruditam & variam) libros 20 reliquit, qui in manibus eruditorum hactenus versantur. Neand. Geog. part. 1., but Stephanus defends him in his Notes upon him.

His Book more pleaseth with its variety then its order.

Agellius potius quàm Gellius, dictus videtur scriptor noctium Atticarum. Voss. De Anal. l. 1. c. 6.

Aulus Gellius huic, legiturque Agellius illi,
Nominibus priscis hen malè tuta fides.
Steph. Paschas. Icones.

Some dislike the title of his Book, because it shews the time when he wrote it, rather then the subject of the book.

Geminus.

Sir Henry Savill terms him Elegantissimum and acutissimum.

Georgius Gemistius Pletho, a Grecian, and great Scholar.

He put out a defence of Plato, he was Professour in Greece, and taught only those of his own Nation, amongst whom Bessario was one, many of whose Epistles to him are extant. Volat. Anthropol. l. 21.

Gemma à Pa­tria Frisius vulgo dictus, Lovanii Me­dicinam pub­licè professus, sed Mathema­ticarum scientiarum; quas domi docebat, rarâ scientiâ longè illustrior fuit. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l 16. Est autem Gemma apud Frisi [...]s nomen frequens & usitatum. Suffrid. Pet. De Script. Fris. Gemma Frisius, a great Mathematician.

Vt gemma quaedam rarior, inter aevi sui Mathematicos illuxit. Quo nomine Ca­rolo V. Caesari, harum artium non ignaro in primis gratus, saepe Bruxellam est evo­catus, & vicissim ab aulicis Lovanii salutatus. Castell. Vita Illust. Med. Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgica.

He hath left many Writings in the Mathematicks.

De Orbis Divisione.

De locorum describendorum ratione de (que) eorum distantiis inveniendis.

Vsus annali Astronomici.

[Page 207] De usu Globi Astronomici.

De Radio Astronomico & Geometrico.

Also Cosmographia cum aliis Libellis.

De Astrolabio Catholico.

Qui liber ultimus erat eorum quos conscripserat, ad [...]ò ut fatis praereptus, non ipse­met, sed post ipsum filius Cornelius Gemma eum absolverit, ideóque verisimile est, eum postremas suas hac de re cogitationes & sensus, qui plaerunque solent melioret veriorés (que) esse, patefecisse. Tych. Brah. l. 2. De Cometa Anni 1577. c. 7.

Cornelius Gemma Poem, Rhe­tor, Philoso­phus, & Me­dicus egregius acceptem à patre famam, praeclaria in­genii su [...]o­nument [...] sic auxit, ut uter alteri plus debeat, merito ambigas. In libris certè, quos De Arte Cyclognomica, deque naturae divinis Characterismis edidit dum altissima Philosophiae mysteria recludit, se ipsum quodammodo superavit. Castellani Vit. Illust. Med. Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgica., a famous Physitian and Philosopher of Lovain.

Illustris parentis Gemmae Frisii non obscurus filius. Tych. Brah. De Cometa, Anni 1377. l. 2. c. 6.

Eruditionis paternae haeres praesertim quoad Artes Mathematicus, quibus ille si quis alius excelluit, Id. ibid. l. 2. c. 10.

Reliquit & Cornelius filium Philippum Doctorem medicum, rarè certè exemplo, filium, patrem, avum, & eruditos, & iisd [...]m deditos studiis, ut in Italia nostro aevo Manutios flornisse. Aubertus Miraeus Elog. Belg.

Gilb. Genebrard, a Divine of Paris, and the Kings Professor of Hebrew: A good Hebrician, but a most petulant Writer. Eruditum sed petulan­tissimum pro cacitatis ani­mal. Montacui. Praefat. ad Apparat. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tomo 5 t• lib. 119.

By whom (saith B. And.) it is verified that much Learning and railing may be accidents in one subject.

Gennadius Scholaris. 1450. Gennadiu [...] Massiliensis floruit in fine quinti seculi fub annum Domini 490. Forbes. Instruct. Histor. Theol. l. 13. c. 8.

Innocentius Gentiletus.

He hath put out Examen Concilii Tridentini.

An Apology for the French Christians of the Reformed Religion, both in French and Latine.

Apologie pour les Chrestiens de France de la Religion Evangelique on Reformee foundee sur la Saincte Escrituro & approveè par la raison, Apologia pro Christianis Gellis religio­nis reformatae. & par les anciens Canons.

Albericus Gentilis, an eloquent Italian, the Regius Professor of Civil Law in Oxford.

His Works are most of them mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue and the Ap­pendix.

John Gerhard, Doctor of Divinity, and Professor in the University of Jena. Doctor Ger­har [...]us, quem unum pro om­nibus afferam; quia quicquid Chemnitius, Hunnlus, & alii habent, accurate collegit. Albertinus De Sacramento Eucharistiae l. 1. c. 13. Libellus cedro dignus meditationum quin­quaginta sacrarum: quo fato fuerit exceptus, tot versiones, Germanicae, Gallic [...], Anglic [...], Italicae; tot editiones, litteris exscriptae certissime vel me tacente, proclamant. Non magnus quidem est, verum aureolus & ad verbum ediscendus. Mich. Dilher. Laudat. Funch. Venerem illam Evangelicam à magno Chemnitio pingi caeptam, à disertissimo Lysero continuatam, quis, praeter Gerhardum, attigit? Hic erat alter ille Apelles, qui absolvere [...] Id. ibid.

A laborious and Learned Lutheran, as his Supplement of Chemnitius his Har­mony, and his Common places of Divinity, Commentaries on the Hebr. and Pe­ter, Meditationes sacra shew.

At the end of Gerhardi Patrologia, there are Funerall Orations had in divers Universities at Gerhards death, where he is deservedly magnified.

CHAP. II.

JOhn Gerson, Anno Salutis 1410.1363. saith Thenet.

Johannes de Gerson natione Gallus, Can­cellarius Pa­risiensis, Petri de Aliaco Cardinalis Cameracensis [...]lim discipu­lus, vir in divini [...] scri­pturis erudi­tissimus, & seculatis Phi­losophiae non ignarus, inge­nio subtilis, sermone Scho­lasticus, sen­tentia certus & stabilis consilio cautus & dubiorum clarissimus interpres, vita & conversa­tione insignis, Theologorum sui temporis longè prin­ceps. Trithem. de Script. Eccles. Johannes Ger­son Cancellarius Parisiensis quòd in Consilio Constantiensi emendationem Ecclesiae Romanae plurimis rationi­bus proposuerat, dissoluto Concilio, domo, patria, dignitatibus, &c. spoliarus, & à Pontifice pulsus Lugduni consenuit, ibique mortuus est. Anno Aera Christi 1429. Calvis. Chronol. Vir doctus & pius. Bellarm. de Scripti Eccles. Joannes Gerson Cancellarius Parisiensis & [...]amosissimus sua aetate Theologus. Is Caroli septimi tem­poribus regius ad Constantiense Consilium Orator auctoritate sua & doctrinae opinione pernicerat, ut multa in eo salutaria & memorabilia insererentur, indeque re bene ad Dei gloriam & decus regni gesta reversus, doctoris Christianissimi non solum apud nos, sed inter exteras nationes summo consensu nomen meruerat. Thuan. Hist. Tomo quinto parte secunda, l. 137. Le plus grand theologien que nous cusmes iamais en France, fut maistre Jean Gerson qui florit sous le regne de Charles sixiesme. Pasquier de Recherch. de la France, lib. 3. pag. 44. Vide Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 15.A Divine of Paris right famous, he was present at the Councell of Constance, and in books written he commendeth highly the Decree whereby it is agreed that the Bishop of Rome should be subject to the Counsell. And saith the thing is worthy to be written in all Churches and publick places, for a perpetuall me­mory. For he saith they are pestilent flatterers which bring this Tyranny into the Church, as though the Bishop of Rome ought neither to obey the Counsell, nor be judged by the same, as though the Counsell should take all its force and authority from him, as though it could not be called but at his pleasure, as though he were bound to the observation of no Laws, nor no accompt might be taken of his doings. These monstrous sayings must be utterly rejected, which are against all Laws equity and reason. For all the authority of the Church dependeth on the generall Counsell, and it is lawfull to appeal from the Pope unto it: and those which inquire whether the Bishop of Rome or the Church be greater, make as wise a question as if they should ask whether the part be more, or the whole, for it appertaineth to the Counsell, to constitute, to judge, and to depose the Bishop of Rome, as lately it was declared at Constance. Sleid. Comment. l. 1.

The greatest Learned man of his time, and the only Doctor and leader of the Councell of Constance. B. Jewels Pref. to his Defence of his Apol.

He was counted a subtill Disputer and profound School-Doctor, and for his Wisdom and Learning was thought worthy to be the Director of all the Bishops in the Councell of Constance, that is, all the Bishops of the world. Jewels Def. of his Apol. part. 4. c. 15.

The Learned and devout Chancellor of Paris. B. Bedell Waddesw. lett. p. 107.

He wrote a Book de auferibilitate Papa ab Ecclesia, intimating that it is in the power of a Generall Councell to cast the Pope out of his place, and to choose another.

He was singularly acquainted with temptations, and wrote a Book De variis Diaboli tentationibus. He was sirnamed Doctor Christianissimus.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these verses of him,

Quid potuit Sorbona; doces meritissimè Gerso;
Magni Gerso luxque, decusque chori?

His Works are Printed in four Volumes, his French Works are mentioned by Antoine du Verdier in his Bibliotheque.

Conradus Gesnerus. He was born at Zurick the chief Town of the Helvetians, Anno Christi 1516. Tigurinorum decus immor­tale. Casaub. in Athen. l. 7. c. 18. Germaniae nostrae Plinius Conradus Gesuerus. Alsted. Encyclopaed. l. 32. c. 5. Vir longissima vitâ dignissimus, & quam exegiste videbitur iis, qui aetatem ejus ex librorum, quos plutimos ac utilissimos confecit, industriâ suâ illustravit & editit, non ex annorum, quos vixit, numero metientur. His accessit praeter do­ctrinam, quae in co [...]timia fuit, incredibile juvandae reipublicae litterariae studium, quo usque ad ultimum vitae spiritum flagravit. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 36.

He was scarce 49 years old when he died. He died Anno Christi 1565.

[Page 209] Neander in the first part of his Geography highly commends him, especially for those three Works, his Historia Annimalium, and Stirpium, and Bibliotheca.

Verè sanctissimus, doctissimus, omnibusque numeris absolutissimus, & totius Eu­ropae ornamentum. Zanch. Epist. l. 2. Bulling.

Nobilis ejus fama, quam praeclaris scriptis suis sibi peperit, jampridem in omnes Orbis provincias emanarit. Waseri ad Mithridatem Gesneri Commentarius.

Caius in his Book de Libris propriis, commends him highly, and much bewails his death.

He practised Physick in Zurick and taught Philosophy for a publick stipend 25 years.

Vir pius & omni genere virtutum ornatissimus, omnia naturae arcana perscrutatus, in omni literarum genere, praesertim verò in medicina & Philosophia naturali atque Philologia clarissimas lucubrationes edidit, lumen Germaniae & decus Helvetiae. Boissardi Icones. He mentions his Works.

William Gibieuf Doctor of Sorbonne.

He hath written two Books Cujus liber Lutetiae pro­diit ante trien­nium Pontifici Romano di­catus, & no­vem variorum autorum & ordinum ap­probationibus munitus. Beve­rov. De Vitae Termino. p. 220. Gilbertus no­ster artis tam Magneticae quam Medicae scientissimus. Full. Miscel. Sac. l. 4. c. 19. Consulendi sunt qui de Magnete scripserunt, praesertim Gulielmus Gil­bertus Gloce­strensis Philo­sophus & me­dicus Londinensis, qui ante triennium tres amplissimos Commentarios de ea re edidit, quibus magis mihi proba­vit doctrinam suam quam Magnetis naturam Nam incertior sum, quam dudum. Jos. Scalig. Epist. l. 2. Epist. 200. Quidam Anglus ante triennium libro de Magnete edito, nihil dignum expectatione ea, quam excitarat, protulit. Scalig. Epist. Casaub. De libertate Dei & Creaturae, which are often cited by Bishop Davenant and others.

Obertus Gifanius.

Vir eruditissimus, mihique obraras excellentissimi ingenii dotes carissimus. Jos. Scal. Com. in Copam.

He hath published

Observationes in Linguam Latinam.

Gulielmus Gilbertus, an English man.

He hath written a painfull and an experimentall Work, touching the Loadstone. Bac. Advancem. of Learning, l. 2. c. 13.

That admirable searcher of the nature of the Loadstone, D r Gilbert, by means of whom, and of D r Harvey, our Nation may claim, even in this later age, as deserved a Crown for solid Philosophical Learning, as for many ages together it hath done formerly, for acute and subtill speculations in Divinity. Sir Ken. Digb. Treat. of Bodies, c. 20.

Learned Peireskius was wont to lament, that when he was in England, he was not acquainted with this William Gilbert the Author of the Book de Magnete, nor Thomas Lydiat the famous Mathematician. Gassend. de Vita Peiresk. l. 2.

Gassendus l. 4. de vita Peiresk. makes honourable mention of his Book de Mag­nete p. 378.

We had not any certain or satisfactory knowledge of Magneticall properties, untill such time as it pleased God to raise up one of our Countrymen, D r Gilbert, who to his evelasting praise hath troden out a new path to Philosophy, and on the Loadstone erected a large Trophy to commend him to posterity. Carpent. Geog. first Book, chap. 3. See more there.

Pet. Gillius, a most Learned man, Aquitanus.

Duo magna hujus saeculi lumina, Petrus Gillius & Gulielmus Philander. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 4. l. 82. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 16.

Sylvester Giraldus, a man elegantly Learned for those times.

Sylvester Giraldus Cambrensis, a Britain by birth, Sylvester Gi­raldus, vir suo seculo inter literatos non parvi precii; scri­psit topogra­phiam totius Hiberniae. Lel. Comment. In cygneam Cantionem. though by descent rather an Englishman or a Norman, as he makes himself, but a very Learned man for those times.

There is published of his Itinerarium Cambriae cum Annotat. Descriptio ejusdem, & De rebus Hybernicis.

Victor Giselinus.

Besides divers Poems, he wrote Learned Notes upon Prudentius the Christian [Page 210] Poet, Notes and a Chronology upon the Works of Sulpitius Severus.

Vir Nobi­lissimi gene­ris, & in utroque jure eruditus. Balem De Script. Britan. Cent. 3. Ranulphus Glanvile de Glanvilla, Chief Justice in the reign of King Henry the 2 d, wrote Learnedly and profoundly of part of the Laws of England.

He wrote a Book De Legibus & consuetudinibus Regni Anglia.

Henricus Glareanus, an excellent Mathematician.

He hath written well of Musick, upon Livy, Salust, and divers other Works.

Salomon Glassius, a Learned Lutheran, and the great ornament of Germany for sacred Philology. Theologus longè meri­tissimus, & Interpres Scripturae felicissimus. Dilher. Disput. Acad. Tom. 2.

His Christologia Mosaica. Philologia Sacra, and other Works are very Usefull.

Rodolphus Ut [...]iusque literaturae pe­ritissimus, stilo cum pri­mis felici, sive ipsam orationem tractet, sinc metri legibus astrictam, Philosophicae rei non vulgariter doctus, moribus incorruptis, spectataeque integritatis. Erasm. Epist. l. 12. Epist. 30. Vide etiam l. 17. Epist. 7. & 12. ejus elogium. Goclenius.

He hath written Learnedly of divers subjects in Humanity. Many of his Works are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue.

Conradus Goclenius.

He was first Professor of the Latine tongue at Lovain.

Annos ipsos XX. quibus publicè professus est, auditoribus suis adeo gratus fuit, ut eos nec assiduitate, satiarit unquam, nec diuturnitate lassarit. Aub. Mir. Elog. Belg.

Fr. Godwin, Bishop of Landaff.

His Rerum Anglicarum Annales: and his Tract De Praesulibus Angliae shew his Learning.

Thomas Godwin. His Roman and Jewish Antiquities are very usefull.

Damianus A Goes Lusitanus.

Lusitanus, non Belga fuit, ut ait Cornelius Cal­lidius Batavus Biblioth. Hispan. secunda Classis Lusitanorum, Tom. 3.It happened to him as to Homer heretofore for the excellency of his wit, seve­rall Cities strove for his birth, as those of Paris would have Christophorus Longo­lius to be theirs, the Romans challenged him for theirs, those of the Low-Countries for theirs, because of his great Eloquence.

Clarissimus vir Dominus Golius Arabicae linguae & Ma­thematum Professor in Academia Leydensi ex­cellentissimus. Specimen Arab. Johann. Fabric. Jacobus Golius, well skilled in the Orientall Tongues.

Admirabilis ille Arabizantium Phoenix. Hotting. Analect. Histor. Theol.

Cl. V. Jacobus Golius in praestantissimo illo linguae Arab. Thesauro. Pocock. Not. Miscel. in Portam Mosis c. 7.

Vir summus in linguis orientalibus & Mathesi Jacobus Golius Salmas. de Annie Climactericis.

Whom the States of Holland for his excellent skill in the Arabick and Mathema­ticks, have substituted to two famous Professors of the University, Thomas Erpe­nius, and Willebrord Snellius.

He travelled into the East, and observed the condition and state of the Eastern people, and got thereby knowledge of the Orientall Languages and affairs, and brought divers Orientall Books thence, which are now at Leyden.

He hath put out lately an excellent Arabick Lexicon.

Cui antiqui­tas Graeca at Romana se­cundum O. Panvinum, Antonium Augustinum, Fulvium Ursinum debet plurimum, & qui arte caelandi ac scriptis propriis ad utramque multum contulit. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3 ••o l. 79. Hubertus Golthzius, a great Antiquary. Dilher cals his Book De re Antiquaria libellum Aureolum.

Franciscus Gomarus, a Learned and Judicious Divine.

[Page 211]All his Works Exegeticall and Polemicall are published together in one Volume in Folio.

Christopher Goodman Non vulgare solatium est, quod Knoxus te adjutorem fidissimum & apprime idoneum nactus est. Calvinus Christophoro Goodmanno., a Learned Scotch Divine, and according to his name good and holy.

Abraham Vir fuit ret antiquariae, ac praesertim nummariae, quâ prisci Romani Grae­cique Usi, in­primis amans & gnarus; ejusque domus cimelioriorum generis omnis, omnisque adeò antiquitatis fuit quoddam velut receptaculum. Valerii Andrea Bibliotheca Belgica. Gorlay.

He had more then four thousand exquisite Medals of Gold, more then ten thou­sand of Silver, and more then fifteen thousand of Brasse, all choice ones, Jos. Scal. Lettre au Sieur De Bagar.

There is a Book of his styled Dactyliotheca published.

Jo. Goropius Becanus.

A Physitian, Philosopher and Historian. He obtained an exact knowledge of the Hebrew, Greek and Latine. Divino planè vir ingenio, qualem vix singulae aetates ferant, seu Philosophiam, seu Philologiam (in utraque enim ad miraculum­usque excelluit) tractaret; ut seculi sui Varro nominari meritò potuerit. Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgica. Castellani Vitae Medic. Illust.

Dionysius Gothofredus, an excellent Lawyer. Secull hujus Papinianus Dionysius Go­thofredus. Cujus erudi­tissimè Do­cti viri notas in Jus Civile universum, amaenitatibus Philologicis perspersas, tota suspicit Respublica littera­ria. Dilh. Disputat. Acad. Tom. 2.

He hath written short Notes upon all the Civil Law, and all Tullies Works.

He hath written also upon Seneca, and Notes ad Varronem Festum & Non­nium.

Jacobus Gothofredus his sonne.

He wrote first de Ecclesiis Suburbicariis.

He set out some Orations of Libanius with Notes, and his Oration de Juliano.

William Gouge Doctor of Divinity, a Learned and Pious Divine.

He was counted (whilst he lived) the Father of the London Ministers. A good Text-man, as his Whole Armour, Exposition of the Hebr. Exposition of the Lords Prayer, and other Learned Works shew him to be; and he is often Honourably mentioned by Voetius, Streso, and other outlandish Divines.

He was eminent for three graces, his Humility, Patience and Faith.

He would begin his prayer very audibly and distinctly, which was the more commendable, because of his great Congregation at Blackefriers.

Sim. Goulartius, a Learned and godly French Minister.

There is his Morum Philosophia Historica, Annos LXXXV. vixit. LX. totos [...] ministerio sacro functus est fidelissimè & constantissimè. Laboris erat indefessi, candoris incomparabilis, sanctissimae in acerbissimis, qua publicis, qua primatis dolocibus ferendis patientiae exemplum. Walaei Epist. Walaeo Turretinus. and Histoires admirables de nostre temps, and other Tracts, mentioned in the Appendix of Oxford Catalogue.

Joannes Goverus, sive Gouerus Ita ille in doctis studiis florentes ado­lescentiae suae annos exegit, ut inter no­biles Anglos, literatos quidem illos, suae aetatis facilè antesignanus fuerit. Ante ejus aetatem, Anglica lingua inculta & ferè tota rudis jacebat. Nec erat qui opus aliquod vernaculo idiomate elegante lectore dignum, scriberer. Patrio multa scripsit sermone, non solùm rhythmis, verùm etiam soluta oratione, quae vel hoc nostro florentissimo tempore à doctis studiose leguatur. Balaus De Script. Britan. Cent. 7., a Learned English Knight, and Poet Laureate.

Hic nomen suum extulit partim iis quae & Gallicè & eleganter Anglicè elaboravit. Sane is & Gualterus Chaucerus primi Anglicam linguam expolire caeperunt. Vossius de Histor. Lat. l. 3. c. 3.

[Page 212] Jo. Grammaticus.

Insignis Ora­tor, qui ut Leonardus A­retius dicti­tabat, primus in Italia studium eloquentiae caepit reparare, jam tum unà cum Imperii Romani majestate pror­sus fere deperditum. Albert. Descript. Ital. in Romanula.He hath written upon divers books of Aristotle, and de Differentiis Linguarum; and other Works.

Saxo Grammaticus.

Historiam scripsit libris XVI. in qua non pauea sunt fabulosa. Tanta ejus dictionis elegantia, ut aetatis illius captum planè excedat: imò cum antiquorum, & nostri seculi plu­rimis certer. Vossius De Histor. Lat. l. 2. c. 54.He was called Grammaticus for his elegancy in the Latine Tongue.

He hath written the History of the Danes in very elegant Latine for those times.

Lud. Granatensis.

His Works are in three Tomes.

He hath written

De ratione Concionandi.

De frequenti Communione.

Sylva locorum Communium.

Dux peccatorum.

De Officio Pastorali.

Catechismus, sive Introductionis ad Symbolum Fidei libri quatuor: and other Works.

D r Edward Grant.

He was one of the Learned Schoolmasters of Westminster.

Camden was his Usher.

He hath put out a Greek Grammer, styled Gracae Linguae spicilegium, which Camden hath contracted.

He hath also published Aschams Epistles and Poems, with his Life and Death.

Conradus Graserus.

He went some miles to the Jews to understand some Hebrew words. Vide ejus ultima verba, p. 31. in Praef.

Exquisitissimus ille ac divinitus aetate nostra excitatus antichristo-mastix juxta & doctrinae Christianae propugnator Conradus Graserus Francus. Iud. Croc. in Ficin. De Relig. Christ. c. 27.

Aurei Commentarii eruditissimi Graseri in Apocalypsin & Danielem. Id. ibid.

Franc. Gratianus. 1170.

Gratianus De­creta. Pontifi­cum Romano­rum in unum volumen pri­mus congesle­rat circa an­num Domini 1040. Mirum quod Decretorum opus ad usum forensem, ac quaestiones & lites illo saeculo vexatas praesertim ac commodatum, cau­sam & argumentum praebuit, ut Pontifices Romani deinceps quaedam alia decreta conderent, quae & ipsa posteà à Gregorio nono Pontifice Romano circa annum Domini 1230. in unum quoque corpus ac volumen pluribus libris distinctum sunt Collecta & Decretalia nominata. Pezel. Mellif. Hist. Circa. annum MCLVII. sub Eugenio tertio Gratianus Monachus Bononiensis, Juris Valde peritus, composuit librum Decreti praesertim ex Canonibus Conciliorū, Scriptis Patrum Latinorum Graecorum (que) & Constitutionibus Pontificum, quas vel soli vel cum consilio Cardinaliū edebant, quibus & aliquas Leges Caesareas adjiciebat; & praeter haec ipse Rubricas addidit, multa (que) dicta sua interseruit, Horum omnium Authoritas adhuc Controversa est, cum Gratianus saepe errare deprehendatur, in reci­tandis canonibus Conciliorum, dictis Patrum, & Pontificum Constitutionibus, aliterque se habere plurima reperi­untur in ipsis fontibus è quibus Gratianus haec desumpsit; de Rubricarum verò fide & dictorum Grariati omnes derogant, quod Gratianus homo privarus Logis fetendae potestatem habere non potuit. D r Duck De Author. Jur. Civ. Roman. l. 1. c. 7. Vide Illyr. Catul. Tom. Verit. l. 15. A Monk of Bononia, he compiled the book called The Popes Decrees, or The Canon Law.

Also his brother Peter Lombard Bishop of Paris, which is called The Master of the Sentences, compiled his 4 Books of the Sentences. These two brethren were the greatest doers in finding out and establishing the blinde opinion of the Sacrament, that the only similitude of Bread and Wine remained, but not the substance of them, and this they call the Spirituall understanding of the Mystery.

[Page 213] Guilhelmus Gratarolus, an excellent Philosopher and Physitian.

Et verè pius, & bene doctus peritusque medicus. In Patria ea & sua honoratus erat & dives, solá pietas illum reddidit pauperem. Zanch. Epist. lib. 2. Justo Vulteio.

There are severall of his Works published, mentioned by Boissard.

One de Conservanda Valetudine Literatorum.

Gratius the Faliscian. Gratius poeta Augusti aevo floruit, deque venatione scri­psit. Voss. l. 1. de Analog. c. 34.

An antient Latine Poet, contemporary with Virgill and Ovid, who bore an high esteem in that pure age, when the greatest Wits flourished, and Poetry underwent the severest Judges.

His style is every where concise, chast, and florid.

His Book De Venatione is now Englished by M r Wase.

Ovid speaks of him, ‘Aptaque venanti Gratius arma daret.’

Johannes Gravius, a Learned Oxonian.

Elementa Linguae Persicae.

Anonymus Persa de Siglis. Arabum & Persarum Astronomicis.

Epochae Arabum Celebriores, and his other Works shew his Abilities.

The Lady Jane Gray.

She was both Learned and Religious.

Ascham in his Epist. and Schoolmaster, and divers others commend her for her Learning.

He saith when he came to her once, whilst others were hunting and following their pleasures, he found her reading Platos Phaedon, and that she understood it so, Sic loquitur & scribit Grae­cè, ut vera referenti vix sides adhiberi possit. Asch. Ep. l. 1. Sturmio, that he admired her.

No marvell if she were well skilled in the Greek.

Miraris Janam Graio sermone valere?
Quo primum natae est tempore, Graia suit.
Ingenium, Graiis dedit ere rotundo
Musa loqui.— Horat.

Richard Greenham, an eminent and experienced Divine. See Perkins.

His Works are in one Volume.

CHAP. III.

GRegorius M. Gregory sirnamed the Great, the first Bishop of Rome of that name, Anno Dom. 1600. Gregorius Pa­pa primus ob doctrin [...]m magnus cog­nominatus, cujus opera Theologica varia in magno folio excusa habentur Neand. Geog. part. 1. Erat natione Romanus, ex patre Gordiane, genus à pro avis non solum nobile, sed & religiosum ducens. Librum Jobi, quomodo juxta literant intelligendus, qualiter ad Christi & Ecclesiae Sacramenta referendus, quo sensu unionique fidelium sit aptandus, per trigi [...]quinque libr [...] expositionis miranda ratione perdocuit. Beda Hist. Eccles. Gentis Angl. ab A. Whelm [...]dita l. 2. c. 1. Antiquidem Pontifices construendis ornandisque vel auro vel argento Ecclesiis operam debant, hic autem retus erga animarum lucra vacabat. Id. ibid. Gregorius Papa vir in divinis Scripturis eruditisimus heologorum princeps, splendor Philosophorum & rhetorum lumen, vita & conversatione integer atque sanctissimus. Irklem. de Script. Eccles. Is non sibi ipsi, sed utilitati hominum, ac honori divino consulens, quem certe ob religionem & pietatem rabus omnibus semper ante tulerat, spretis opibus, post habitis voluptatibus atque omni ambitione & patentis, guberna­cula reipublicae Christianae suscipiens, ite vixit, ut usque ad tempora nostra neminem [...] successoribus patem ha­buerit, nedum superiorem vel sanctitate vitae, vel diligentia in rebus agendis, vel doctrin [...] & scriptis Platina de vitis Pontificum Romanorum.

He was an humble, devout, and holy Bishop, and had many pious Mar­tyrs his Predecessors as Popes or Fathers in that See of Rome: he deserved the title of Gregory the Great for abhorring the name of Universall Bishop.

[Page 214] Bede cals him Apostolum nostrum our Apostle, and he gives this reason for it, quod nostram, id est, Anglorum gentem de potestate Satanae ad fidem Christi sua in­dustria convertit, because he converted our Nation by his own industry from the power of Satan to the faith of Christ. He sent Austen the Monk and other Legates hither. See Pet. du Moulins Antibarbarian, ch. 13.

He first wrote Servus Servorum Dei, putting the Roman Bishops in remem­brance thereby, both of their humblenesse, and also of their duty in the Church of Christ.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these verses of Gregory the first, Leo the first, and Nicholas the first.

Pontifices quot Roma tulit celeberrima sanctos;
Majores nullos Nicolao, Gregorioque;
Sive Leone habuit: re sunt ut nomine primi.

Floruit circa annum 233. Gerhardi Pa­trologia. Episcopus suit Neocae­sariensis, & a magnitudine miraculorum patratorum Thaumaturgus appellatus. Bellarm. de Script. Eccles. Quod miraculis Clareret. Originis discipulus. Eras. Epist. l. 28. Epist. 6. Gregory Thaumaturgus, Episcopus fuit Neocaesariensis.

He was called Thaumaturgus from the greatnesse of his miracles: Basil saith, he was called by the enemies of the truth another Moses. Jerom styles him Virum Apostolicorum signorum & virtutum.

When he was Bishop of Neocesarea in Pontus, he blessed God that when he came first to his charge, he found not above seventeen Christians, and when he departed from them, he left not in all his Diocesse so many unbaptized, or un­believers.

He was present at the Synod of Antioch, celebrated against Samosatenus, Anno 266.

He wrote a Metaphrase upon Ecclesiastes.

An Exposition of Faith.

M r Gregory of Oxford.

His two Books shew him to be a good Linguist.

Antiquissimus & fidelissimus Francorum scriptor. Chiflet. Anast. Child. Reg. c. 10. Gregorias Turonensis.

He hath put out these Works,

Hist. Francorum.

De gloria Martyrum.

De gloria Confessorum.

De vitis quorundam Patrum.

Jac. Gretzerus, Jacobus Gret­zerus magnae vir doctrinae, sed saepe nimis affectui indul­gens, Vossius de vitiis Serm. l. 3. c. 11. Hic Doctissi­mus Gretze­rus praeter mo­rem satis mo­deste: qui quavis occasione non sine sannis arietat in Junium, & alios, itidem candidissimi pectoris, & praeclarae doctrinae Utinam foedus iste scribendi modus, qui sic nostris temporibus in famam hominum grassatur, sublatus esset de terris, scriptoribus salvis. Vossius De vitiis Sermonis l. 2. c. 2. a Learned Jesuite, a good Grecian.

He hath commandment from Claudius de Aqua viva Generall Governour of the society of the Jesuites, to second Bellarmine in all B. Hows. 2 d Serm. to prove that Peter had no Monar­chicall power over the rest of the Apost. Vide Praefat. ejus ad tom. 1. Defens. Bellarm. his attempts, and obser­veth in his own Writings, these two qualities, temere dicere & astute reticere.

He is unreasonably bitter against those which are both Learned and Modest.

The defender of Bellarmine, the most scurrile Writer that this or the former age hath seen. D r Crakanth. in a Serm. on 2 Chron. 9.5, 6, 7, 8, 9.

He was chosen for the Papists Champion, in the famous Disputation holden at Regensperg, 1600; whom Possevine the Jesuite cals the very hammer of the Heretiks.

Grindall, a Learned Divine.

Johannes Groperus of Collen was offered the Cardinalship by Paul the 4 th, Johannes Grop­perus Germa­nus Dignita­tem Cardinalis ultro oblatam, quam caeteri morrales plerunque ardentissimis votis ambiunt, rara hoc aevo modestia & animi magnitudine repudiavit. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 16. but he was then old, and thinking to honour his memory much more by refusing a [Page 215] Dignity, desired even by great Princes, then by keeping it a few daies, he sent the Pope many thanks, together with his excuse, and refusing the Ornaments, would neither have the Name nor Title. Hist. of the Counc. of Trent, lib. 5. p. 396, 397.

This was after a sort commendable, but his forsaking the Gospel mentioned by Sleidan in his 15 Book of Commentaries, was most wicked.

Hugo Grotius. He was born at Delph in the Low-Countries, Non divina­rum minus quam huma­narum rerum scientissimus. Hugo Grotius Voss. Praefat. ad defens. l. de Satisfact. Christi. Quae pio & erudito opere de Christi sa­tisfactione scripsit divina­rum humanarumque literarum scientissimus. Voss. in Maimon. de Idolol. c. 6 Summus virorum Hugo Grotius, lumen illud ac columen literarum: de quo nihil tam magnificum dici aut scribi potest, quin virtus & eruditio id superarit sua. Meibomii Maecenas c. 4. in the year of our Lord 1583.

He hath written upon all the Old and New Testament. His Books De Veritate Religionis Christianae, and De Satisfactione Christi are well esteemed.

Piscator sent these verses to him when he published Martianus Capella.

Magnus es ingenio, doctrina magnus es idem,
Nomini, & magni. Magna cupido tibi est,
Non temere ergo tibi, sed cum ratione, locuta
Cognomen Grotî Belgica lingua dedit.

He was a very Learned Lawyer, but fell off much from soundness and Orthodoxy in the true Religion in his later daies.

Voetius in his 2 d part of Select. Theolog. Disputat. De Conversione Judaeorum reck­ons him among the men dubiae aut variate Religionis.

Some Learned and Orthodox French Divines, as Rivet, Maresius, and others also have written solidly against him.

Therefore his diligent Translatour might perhaps have been better imployed, then in turning into English his Vow for the Churches Peace, a book so empty and Heterodox, and so well refuted by the Learned Rivet in his Apoligeticus pro vera Pace Ecclesiae.

Janus Gruterus, a famous Critick. Autuerpiae nascitur anno Christianae salutis 1560. J.C. Histori­cus Criticus utriusque linguae & omnis Antiquitatis petitus. Swertii Athenae Belgicae. Vir eruditissimus & de bonis literis optime me­ritus. Scalig. Animadvers. in Euseb. Casaub. not. in Aelium Lampridium illum ut eruditissimum & clarissimum virum celebrat. Vide Jos. Scalig. Epist. l. 3. Epist. 216. Patritius Gandavensis, vir multae eruditionis ac Poeta suavis: varios versus scripsit, Justo Lipsio ab ingenii amaenitate ac doctrina charissimus Sanderus de Gandav-Erudit. Claris. l. 2.

He wrote Thesaurus Criticus, and Criticall Notes on Seneca's Tragedies, Sta­tius his Poems, on Martiall, Titus Livius, Tacitus, Velleius Paterculus, and others, a great and large Volume of the Inscriptions of the ancient Romans, and divers other Works.

Simon Grynaeus, born Anno 1493.

Incomparabilis vir Simon Grynaeus, Homo Lati­nè Graecéque ad unguem doctus, in Philosophia & mathema­ticis discipli­nis diligenter versatus, nullo supercilio, pudore penè immodico. Eras. Epist. l. 26. Epist. 39. in quo pietatem Christianam & virtutes omnes, & musas atque charites habuisse domicilium existimo. Bibliander de Ratione Communi omnium Linguarum.

He hath written De utilitate legendae Historiae.

A Dissertation De Cometis, and other Works.

Jo. Jac. Jacobum Grynaeum Si­monis illius magni genti­lem, aliquoties. Sleidani hi­storias publicè praelegentem audivit, ad quas ille multa singularia & citu digna, quae Sloidanum fugerant, ex familiari, quam in aulis principum Germaniae habuerat, notitia hausta addebat, & elegantissime explicabat. Thuan. De vita sua Comment. l. 4. Grynaeus.

He hath expounded severall parts of Scripture, and published two Books of select Epistles, with other Works. Epistolae selectae plenae gravissimarum rerum le­ctuque dignissimae. Melch. Ad. in ejus vita.

He said Erasmus did more hurt the Pope of Rome, jocando, quam Lutherus sto­machando.

[Page 216]He answered thus to Chytraeus, Si non amplius in his terris te visurus sum: ibi tamen conveniemus, ubi Luthero cum Zuinglio optimè jam convenit. Melch. Ad. in ejus Vita.

Rudolphus Hic annus ultimus fuit Ludovico La­vatero & Ro­dolpho Gualtero ambobus [...]igurinis & illius Ecclesiae Pastoribus, & ille quidem Henrici Bullingeri gener multis editis scriptis etiam extra religionis controversias claruit; hic Josiae Simleri socer, Homiliastes inter suos celeberimus. Thuan. Hist. Tom 4 to l. 85. Gualtherus, a Poet and Divine. He was born at Zurick the chief City of the Helvetians, Anno 1518.

His son also of the same name was a Learned Divine.

There are extant his verses in imagines Doctorum nostri seculi virorum.

Rodolph. Gualterus the sonne hath written Homilies upon the lesser Prophets, and other Learned Works.

Baptista Ejus opera Alphonius se­cundus Ferrari Dux usus est in scribendis Epistolis, in quo munere rantum valuit, ut etiam de eo elegantissimum librum, qui Secretarius inscribitur, edidit. Nulla fuit in Iralia Paulo illustrior Academia, quae non summa ambitione ab eo expetierit, ut nomen suum ad ipsius Academiacotum numerum adscriberet. Jani Nicii Erythraei Pinacotheca. Vide plura ibid. Guarinus.

Stephanus Guichardus, Estienne Guichard a Learned French Linguist.

He hath written a French book entitled L' Harmonie Etymologique des Langues, an Etymologicall Harmony of Languages, in which he compares at least twelve Languages with the Hebrew, and excellently shews their originall and signification out of the Hebrew Language.

Franciscus Acris judicii vir, uti, & usus in publi­cis rebus ad­ministrandis. Possev Biblioth. Sel. tomo 2 d• l. 16. c. 41. Prudens peri­tusque scri­ptor, & qui tales, lectores suos facit, liber est & verax, ab affectibus immunis, si tamen ab odio, quod retegere mihi non semel videtur in Ducem Urbinatem. Sententias bonas utilesque inserit, sed parum astrictas. Vitia. duo propria hujus aevi non effugit, quod & justo longior est, & quod minutissima quaeque narret, parum ex lege aut dignitate Historiae. Sed nec orationes ejus satis vegetae mihi, aut castigatae, languent saepe, aut solute vagantur. Denique uno verbo, inter no­stros, summus est Historicus: inter veteres, mediocris. Lips. not. ad 1. lib. Polit. Vide Thuan. Hist. tom. 4. l. 96. Guicciardinus.

He seems to be inferiour to none of the Ancients, for he excels in faith, dili­gence, prudence, and other vertues, and in the relation of things done, in dis­covering of Counsels, in noting the manners of men, in describing of persons, and in recounting Orations, he hath many things which are wanting in others who have written the History of those times.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these verses of him,

A Tito nullus, si quis mihi credat, in orbe
Clarior hoc uno floruit Historiâ.

Melchior Guilandinus. Qui plura vo­ler, consulat Guilandinum de Papyro, qui amplo commentario Plinium illustravit. Museum Wormianum, l. 4. c. 12. Vide Thuan. Hist. tom. 4. l. 96.

Vir fuit sine dubio literatissimus, qui instar Gorgiae de qualibet re proposita, copi­osè, atque disertè poterat disputare. Castellanus de vitis Medicorum.

Johannes Qui de Me­dicina veteri & nova tum cognoscenda, tum facienda, volumina duo varia & erudita scripsit, [...]ubi Theophrastaea medicina accuratis­sime excutitur & examinatur. Neand. Geog. parte 1 a. Guinterius Andernacus, a Learned Physitian.

His Works are mentioned by Castellanus De vitis Medicorum.

Gyldas Antiquissi­mus inter eos qui side digni sunt, Britranicarum rerum scriptor. Antiq. Eccles. Britan. Gildas Cambrius, poeta Britannus, eo tempore natus erat, quo maximè per universum mundum eloquentia Romana floruit. Coaetaneus erat Martiali, Flacco, Silio, Statio, Stellae, Juvenali, & id genus aliis: sed nec ipsis inferior judicatus. Vide Lil. Gyrald. in Poet. Histor. dial. 5. Balaeus de Script. Britan. Cent. 1.. He wrote the Annals of the British Nation.

[Page 217] Lylius Gregorius Gyraldus.

Petrus Crinitus and he have both written of the Poets, but he farre better. Vir solide de­ctus & in scri­bendo accura­tus. Casaub. Not. ad Diog. Laert. l. 8. Utriusque lin­guae & omnis politioris lite­raturae & an­tiquitatis, quam vatiis scriptis illustravit, longe peritissimus. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 11. Vir omnis eruditae anti­quitatis ac literatae doctrinae callentissimus, qui plerasque manuscriptas Bibliothecae Graecas in Italia excussit, è quorum lectione conscripsit libros illos suos eruditos, & varios de diis gentium; opus admirandum, historiam veterum & recentiorum Poetarum, & [...]aetera plurima exquisita singula. Neand. Geog.

Longe hoc (viz. Crinito) doctior & diligentior. Voss. De Histor. Lat. lib. 3. part. 4. c. 1.

Cujus extat Historia dialogis decum perscripta de Poetis antiquis; opus sicut magni ingenii, & judicii, sic ingentis doctrinae, atque industriae: ita ut exspectandum non sit, ne quis deinceps hanc denuo provinciam suscipiat. Vossius De Poetis Latinis, cap. 7.

CHAP. IV.

H

GEorge Hackwell Doctor of Divinity. A very Learned and Pious man.

There are these Works of his published:

An Apology of the Power of God in the Government of the world.

King Davids Vow for Reformation.

His Answer to Carrier.

And some Sermons.

Theodoricus Hackspanius, Professor of the Hebrew at Altdorph.

He hath put out

Quadriga Disputationum, and other Tracts.

Gualterus Haddonus, Walter Haddon, an Eloquent and Learned Doctor of the Civil Law. Civilis Do­ctor, orator dulcis & fa­cundus. Hum­phred. in vita Juelli.

There are published his

Lucubrationes.

Poemata.

Oratio in Funere Mart. Buceri.

Responsio contra Hier. Osorium. Continuata per Jo. Foxum, l. 3

Hadrianus the Cardinall.

A man of profound Learning, as appeareth by what he hath written of the Fundamentals of Christian Religion.

There is a Book also of his published, De Sermone Latino & modis Latinè loquendi.

Thaddaeus Hagecius, ab Hayck Bohemus, Aulae Caesareae medicus, most skillfull in Physick, Philosophy and Astronomy. Cujus in Ma­thematicis ex­cellens cogni­tio, & judici­um profun­dum, tum ex aliis ejus scriptis, tum inprimis è Dialexi de Nova Stella omnibus in propatulo est. Tych. Brah. L. 2. De Cometia Anni 1577. c. 10. membrum secundum.

Sunt sanè hi quatuor viri (D. Thaddaeus Hagecius ab Hayck, M. Bartholomaeus Scultetus Gorliciensis, D. Andreas Nolthius. Embecksensis, D. Nicolaus Winkle­rus, Halae Suevorum Physicus) tum in aliis Doctrinarum generibus, tum praesertim in Mathematicis scientiis excellenter periti, quorum duo priores mihi ex facie noti sunt, & Amicitia diuturna conjunctissimi, Tych. Brah. De Cometa Anni 1577. l. 2. c. 10. membrum secundum.

John Hales, a great Grecian, one who when he was young wrote Notes on Chrysostom, and is often honourably mentioned by Andrew Downes the Greek Pro­fessor of Cambridge.

He hath printed a Sermon concerning the abuse of obscure and difficult places of Scripture.

[Page 218] Joseph Hall Bishop of Exceter, a Learned and pious man.

He hath written

Three Volumes of Contemplations on the Old and New Testament.

An Explication of all the hard Texts of Scripture.

And divers other Treatises.

Natus anno 1492. Primus suasor & persuasor fuit, Evangelicae doctrinae in patria suâ amplectendae, in quo negotio Hulricum Zwinglium simul collegam habuit. Boissardi Icones. Bertholdus Hallerus, a Learned Helvetian Divine.

Dionysius Halycarnasseus, a grave Historian.

Omnium Confessione, Scriptor, Gra­vissimus, & in Romanis Antiquitati­bus pervesti­gandis, de scribendisque accuratissimus perhibetur. Whear. Method. leg. Hist. parte 1 a Sect. 16. Vide plura ibid.He lived under Augustus Caesar.

He hath written

De Rom. Antiq. Gr.

Praecepta Rhetorica.

Opuscula varia.

De Thycididis historia Judicium.

D r Henry Hammod, a Learned Divine, of Magdalene Colledge in Oxford.

He hath published severall Works.

Large Annotations on all the New Testament.

A practicall Catechism.

And divers other Works in English.

And a Latine Tract against Blondell, of Church-Government.

Thomas Harding.

A Doctor of Lovane, an English man, the Target of Popery in England, as he is styled by Peter du In his Ami­barbarian, ch. 3. Moulin.

He wrote a Confutation of the Apology, and Replied severall times to Bishop Jewell.

John Lord Harrington.

He was both Learned and pious, M r Stock the Divine hath written his Life.

William Harvey Doctor of Physick.

Gassendus makes honourable mention of his book De Circulatione Sanguinis. De vita Peireskii, l. 4. p. 323.

And other outlandish men mention him with great respect.

The Anatomicall part of Physick seems to be rising toward the Zenith of per­fection, especially since our never sufficiently honoured Countryman D r Harvey discovered the wonderfull secret of the blouds circular motion. Webst. Exam. Acad. c. 6.

Scientiam humani Corporis, Physicae partem utilissimam, in libris suis de motu Sanguinis, & de Generatione Animalium, mirabili sagacitate detexit & demonstravit. Gulielmus Harvaeus R. R. Jacobi Caroli (que) medicus primarius; solus (quod sciam) qui doctrinam novam superata invidiâ vivens stabilivit. Hob. Praefat. ad Elem. Philos. Sect. 1. De Corpore.

He hath put out

Exercitatio Anatomica, de motu Cordis & Sanguinis, in animalibus.

814. Helv. Chron. Vir in divinis Scripturis eruditissimus & in secu­laribus literis nulli suo tempore secundus, ingenio acutus, sermone disertus, vita & conversatione devotus, in declamandis ad populum Omeliis celeberrimae industriae fuit. Trithem. Catal. Illust. Vir. D. Haymo, a Monk of Fulda, Anno Dom. 840. One of the learnedest of his time.

He hath written upon all the Scriptures, De varietate Librorum, and other things besides.

Casparus Hedio.

He was a most faithfull and diligent Pastor of the Church of Argentine for 23 years, and a good Historian.

[Page 219]His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

Alexander Hegius. Primus Grae­cas in Belgio litteras exci­tavit, exem­plo Rod. A­gricolae, prae­ceptoris sui, qui Germaniae easdem restiturrat. Valeri Andreae Bibliotheca Belgica. Erasmus XIV. annorum adolescens, sub Hegio praeceptore, studia literarum Daventriae colebat. Cum autem Rudolphus Agricola in Hegii Scholam venisset, & Hegius ei aliquot adolescentum scripta monstrasset: his consideratis, cum Erasmicum caeteris anteferret videre adolescentem voluit. Accersitus é sua classe Erasmus adolescens ad Hegium accedit. Ibi Rodol­phus arreptum Capillo in vertice tacitus intuetur, & quasi considerata indole ex lineamentis, adiecit hanc vocem, Tu cris magnus. Chytraeus Orat. de Westphalia. Vit. Profos. Gron. in Rodolph. Agric.

Erasmus was his Scholar.

He first brought the Greek learning into the Low-Countries, as Rudolphus Agri­cola did restore it to Germany.

Daniel Heinsius. Gandavi na­scitur anno M.D.LXXXII, Incredibiie quanto amore illum prosecu­tus fuerit Josephus Scaliger, Janus Dousa, aliique viri doctissimi. Naturâ ipsa instructus ad Poeticam facultatem, patrio etiam rythmo excellit, ut paucis agam. Quaecunque ab eo profecta sunt limam sapiunt politiorem: Phrasis tersa & elaborata: Conceptus sublimes: ita ut cum illis prisci sermonis scriptoribus certare velle videatur. Swertii Athenae Belg. Cum versus Graecos tuos lego, Homerum non Heinsium puto me legere: Cum Latinos Ovidium, aut Propertium. Casaub. Epist. 52. Tam severiorum quam amaeniorum litterarum [...]ol. Seld. Praefat. ad lib. De Dis Syris.

Publick Professor of History at Leyden, Secretary and Bibliothecary of the same University; appointed to be Notary in the Synod of Dort.

He hath published Exercitations upon the New Testament, and many Philolo­gicall Works.

Heliodorus, a most eloquent and sweet Greek Writer, Magna semper infamia flagravit He­liodorus Epi­scopus, qui praeelegit Episcopatu abire, quam libros suos amatorios perdere, ut scribit Nicephorus l. 12. c. 34. Raynaudi Erotem. de malis ac bonis Libris, partit. 1. Erotem 7. whose ten Books of the Ethiopick History in Greek being snatcht out of the fire of the Library of Buda (Buda being burnt by Soliman) were Printed at Basill.

Christ. Helvicus.

His Chronology of the last edition is much commended, as most compleat and very usefull for any sacred or prophane Story.

There are also other Works of his,

De Chaldaicis Bibliorum Paraphrasibus.

Lexicon. Heb. didacticum.

Vindicatio locorum V. Testamenti à corruptelis Pontificiorum.

Tr. Historicus & Theologicus.

De Chaldaicis Bibliorum phrasibus.

De Carminibus atque Dialectis Graecorum.

Hieronymus Henninges, a godly and Learned Divine.

He hath put out Theatrum Genealogicum in 4 Volumes. Vir praestaus pietate, do­ctrin [...], cog­nitione rerum sacrarum & historiarum, aetatum, temporum atque gentium omnium. Neand. Geog. parte 1 a.

Which Work Neander styles Opus rarum, egregium, spissum atque stupendum, and shews the heads of every Tome.

Henry the first of that Name for his knowledge and science in the seven liberall Arts, was sirnamed Clerk or Beau Clerk. After the Con­quest King Henry the first the Conquerors sonne, a man excellently Learned, because he abolished such customs of Normandy as his father added to our Common Laws, is said to have restored the ancient Laws of England. Sir Edw. Cooks Prof. to his 3 d Rep.

Henry the He wrote some thing [...] with his [...] hand on Austen [...]e Civit. Dei. In tanto nu­mero adver­sariorum Lu­theri, Britan­niae Rex, Henricus octa­vus, illum etiam oppug­nat, & primò quidem judi­cium illius de indulgentiis convellit & pontificatum defendit: post omnem illam dispu­tationem de Sacramentis Ecclesiae reprehendit, sumpto scribendi argumento ex libro de captivitate Babylonica. Lutherus, ubi cognovit, acerrimè respondet, in ejusque causae, defensione, nullius hominis dignitatem aut splendorem quicquam apud se valere, demonstrat. Leo Pontifex honorificum regi cognomen idcirco tribuit, defensorem appellans Ecclesiae. Sleid. De Statu Relig. & Reipub. Comment. l. 3. Vide Vossii Epist. ad Artem Grammat. Prodiit libellus ille, ad eo provectioris aetatis, & exercitato aliquo Theologo dignior quam adolescente Rege (cui quanquam maximè voluerit, non licuerit tamen in literarum studio aetatem terere) ut alii Thomae Mori, alii Fisheri Rostensis, plurimi verò alterius alicujus summi viri opus id fuifle haud sine causa suspicatentur. Ut ut fuerit, edito libello sic respondit Lutherus, ut multi sanè, qui sanctum hominis Zelum laudarent, modestiam tamen Spiritu sancto dignam, in eo haud immerito desiderarent, regiaeque dignitatis magis reverentem Scultet. Annal. Dec. 1. Henricus octavus princeps omnibus naturae donis cumulatissimus, & in quo, si in voluptates solutior non fuisset, nihil merito desi­derare posses: nam post divortium, nisi quod Pontificiam autoritatem execratus, se caput Ecclesiae constituit, nihil in Religione mutauit, & Episcopos ferè bonos & doctos toris illis XIII. annis, quibus ab R. E. se separavit in regno ordinavit, doctorum & literatorum fautor eximius, ingravescente demum aetate multi succi ab domine adeo gravis & iners evaserat, sanguine in pinguedinem verso, ut vix posset per ostia ingredi, ac neque scalas posset conscendere, sed in Cathedra positus machinis in superiora aedium subveheretur, tandem vehementi febre correptus propter inflammationem virulenti in crure herpetis, cum LVII aetatis annum ageret, & 37 annos, LX menses, VI dies regnasset, è vita de migravit. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 3. 8 th.

He set forth a book entitled, A necessary Doctrine and erudition for any Chri­stian man.

See a commendation of his Learning and Severity, Eras. Epist. l. 6. Epist. 1 [...]. [...]o him. Of his Learning also in Epistola Thomae Mori ad Academ. Oxon.

[Page 220]Amongst the most famous Contradictors, which the Doctrine of Luther found, was Henry the 8 th King of England, who not being born the Kings eldest son, had been destinate by his Father to be Archbishop of Canterbury, and therefore in his youth was made to study: But the eldest being dead, and after him the father also, he succeeded in the Kingdom. Esteeming it a great honour to imploy himself in so famous a Controversie of Learning, he wrote a Book of the seven Sacraments, defending also the Popedom, and oppugning the Doctrine of Luther: a thing so gratefull to the Pope, that having received the Kings book, he honoured him with the title of Defender of the Faith.

But Martin suffered not himself to be scared with that most illustrious glittering name of a King, but answered his Majesty with as much acrimony, vehemency, and as small respect, as he had answered the petty Doctors. The Hist. of the Coun­cell of Trent, l. 1. p. 16.

He drew many Learned men into England.

Desiderius Heraldus, a Learned Frenchman.

He hath written a Comment on Martiall.

Animadvers. in Salmas.

Observat. ad Jus Atticum & Romanum, and other Learned Works.

Herbert Lord of Cherbury.

He hath published a Book De Veritate & Causis Errorum, and hath written the Life of K. Henry the 8 th in English.

Hermes Trismegistus, the most ancient Doctor of the Egyptians.

Suidas Trisme­gistum, sic ap­pellatum tra­dit, quia de Trinitate quodam divini spiritus instinctu, locutus sit. Dickinsoni Delphi Phaeniciz.He hath written

De Lapidis Philosophici secreto, and other Miscellanies.

Conradus Herebachius Dispeream si quiquam adhuc vidi illo juvene absolutius, sive spectes utriu [...]que lin­guae periti [...]m, sive f [...]elle [...]en­tem ingenii, sive morum comitatem integritati parem. Eras. Epist. l. 28. Epist. 18. In Germania proxima Conradus Heresbachius vir dig­nitate & doctrina praestans in majorum suorum Heresbachiano Castro in Clivensiditione natus, hoc anno in suo Lo [...]i [...]sul [...]no p [...]idie id. Octobr. ad Deum migravit, cum LXVII. annum exegisset. Commentarium in Psalmos eruditissimum [...]didit, & de re rustica in illo otio post alios scripsit, non minus morum suavitate de suis quam eru­ditione de republica bene [...]itus. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. l. 62., Anno 1508. a Learned Papist.

He was a compleat Scholar, skilfull in many Languages, the Latine, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, French, Dutch. His friends were the Learned men of that time, Erasmus, Sturmius, and others.

He hath written a most Learned Commentary on the Psalmes, de re Rustica.

He put out two Books De institutione principis deque Republica Christiana admi­nistranda: Lexicon Graeco Latinum locupletavit.

[Page 221] Hermannus Contractus, a Germane, Anno 1032.1058 say some.

He was descended of a Noble Count of Swedland, and was crooked and lame from his infancy, which gave him the surname of Contractus. He spake Latine, Cum is om­nibus mem­bris contractus esset, ut hinc inde tantum de portaretur (unde etiam suum cogno­men acquisi­vit) parentes eum in monasterio S. Galli collocarunt. Erat trium linguarum Graecae, Arabicae & Latinae peritissimus praeterea Theosogus, Philosophus, Astronomus, Rhetor & Poeta nulli suo tempore secundus, scri­psit itaque carmine & prosa multa praeclara volumina. Pantaleon de Vir. Illust. Germ. Greek and Hebrew as his naturall Language.

He published all his Works with his contracted and paralytick hands. Membris planè erat contractis, unde & Contracti nom [...]n accepit, & fortasse ea propter monachus factus fuit. Voss. de Histor. Lat. l. 2. c. 44.

He was the inventer of the Astrolabe.

Hermogenes. He was of Tarsus in Asia minor. Being scarce 18 years old he wrote the Art of Rhetorick in six books, but when he was old he forgat Learning. Thence they spake of him jestingly, that he was old in his childhood, and a childe in his old age.

Heredian, an eloquent and faithfull (yet free) Historian. Nam mihil vere persuadeo, Graecum vi­rum Herodia­num: qu [...]m ipse nuper Civitate Ro­mana donasti: si in mille volumina diligenter impressus: transcriptusque ad manus literatissimorum hominum semel referatis carcerious pervenerit: de eo singulorum judicio expectationique satisfacturum: ut in eo libello nihil nisi candidum, nisi sublime, nisi luculentum: atque omni ex parte perfectissimum contineri omnes ingenue fateantur. Polit. Epist. l. 6. Epist. 6. Vide l. 8. Epist. Epist. 1.

He wrote 8 books of Histories.

Stylus Photio teste, est elegans, perspicuus, ac talis planè; ut vix historicorum ulli ulla virtute cedat. Veritati etiam studuit nisi quod fides ejus mutat in Alexandro & Maximino. Voss. de Histor. Graec. l. 2. c. 15.

Herodotus. Herodotus Graecus, ne quid omisisse videretur, om­nia sine dele­ctu congessit, quorumque pleraque non ab antiquis scriptis, sed à vulgi fabulis accepit. Qui quanquam oratione concinnus sit atque elegans, eorum tamen qui sanè & incorruptè judicant avertit ab illa tam coacervata & referta narrationum multitudine fidem. Et quanquam à quibusdam quod videtur affectasse historiae pater dicatur, ab aliis tamen fabulatum pater meritò dictus est. Praefat. ad Anti­quit. Eccles. Historiam multi scripsere praeclarè, sed nemo dubitar duos longe caeteris praeferendos, quorum diversa virtus laudem pene est parem consecuta. Densus & brevis & semper instans sibi Thucidides: dulcis & can­didus, & fusus Herodotus: ille concitatis, hic remissis affectibus melior: ille concionibus, hic sermonibus, ille vi, hic voluptate. Quintil. Instit. Orat. l. 10. c. 1. Displiceant huic rosae, & balsama, cui non placet Herodotus, Hortus est ejus historia variis arboribus consitus, innumerisque florum distinctus areolis, ex quo aeterni spirant odores. S [...]il [...] certe is est, qui non nisi ab impetitis aut malevolis reprehendi possit. Totus est dulcis, candidus, fusus, sine illis salebris quasi sedatus: amnis fluens. Caussen. Eloq. Sac. & Human. Paralel. l. 1. c. 14.

Although he relates stories that may seem fabulous, yet the whole body of his History is composed with singular fidelity and a diligent desire of truth, but he often prefaceth concerning other narrations, that he rehearseth them not be­cause he thinks them to be true, but as he hath received them from others.

Hic pater historiae mendacia plurima finxit,
Quippe suam Musis dedicat historiam.
Steph. Paschas. Icon.

Hesiod 37 annis Hesiodus artis sua specimina publicè edidit ante Homerum, Sel­dem. Marm. Arund. Floruit ante Christum 944. Homerum ante Chri­stum 907. Seldeni Marm. Arundel. Vide plura ibid.

It is an ancient and famous question of the age of Homer and Hesiod, and whe­ther was ancienter. Accius the Poet, and Ephorus the Historian, make Hesiod the first. Vide Agellium l. 3. c. 11.

John Professor Lovaniensis, quem Rex Hispan. Phi­lippus misit ad Concli­um Tridentinum. Gerh. Confess. Cathol. l. [...]. c. 5. Art. 2. Hessuls, he hath put out severall Works mentioned in the Oxford Ca­talogue.

William Landgrave of Hessen was the first Protestant Prince in Germany.

He died of a burning Fever 1637.

Many of the Landgraves of Hessen were Learned men.

[Page 222] Vide Eras. Ep. l. 30. Epist. 6. Non injuria sui saeculi Poetarum princeps & Rex nuncupatus fuit. Is multis praeclaris ingenii sui elaboratis monumentis in quibus veluti gemma preciosissima eminet opus illud Psalmorum Davidicorum vere sacto sanctum, quo vel uno opere singularem sibi spem & fiduciam divinae gratiae atque benevolentiae comparavit, posteris verò admirationem sui & caritatem reliquit fragrantem. Boissardi Icones. Helius Ebanus Hessus. He was born in the year 1488.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

Hesychius Grammaticus, Anno Dom. 400.

The most Learned Glossogra­phorum longè princeps. Ca­saub. in Athen. Grammatico­rum Alpha Montac. Orig. Eccles. Tom. 1. parte posteriore. Omnium veterum criticorum, quos habemus hodiè, longe si quid judico doctissimus, & serio Graecantibus apprime utilis. Casaub. Epist. 49. Ex nuda indicis percursione structorem vocabularii illius (rem nondum omnibus creditam) patebit Christianum fuisse. Quis enim (ut novi Foederis tot [...] mittam) Evan­gelistas, Apostolos, Prophetas, Prophetarum expositores, à vera fide alienus suo operi inseruisset. Pricaeus praefat. ad Ind. Alphab. Scriptorum qui in Hesych. Graec. vocab. laudantur. Gregorii Nazianzeni auditor & discipulus H [...]sychius, vir in divinis Scripturis multum versatus, & Hierosolymitanae Ecclesiae Presbyter. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. lib. 5. Vide Suidam. Glossary but corruptly printed.

He was a Christian (though some seem to question it) as Casaubone on Athenae­us, Henry Stevens and D r Price shew.

Learned D r Langbane in his Notes on Longinus, styles Eustathius, Hesychius, and Pollux, Literaturae Graecae Triumviri.

Joannes Heurnius.

Primus in Academia Leydensi pro­priâ manu anatomiam administra­vit, efflagitan­tibus id studiosis cum insolens hoc exercitium patriae eo tempore esset. Melch. Adam in vita Heurnii.He was intimately familiar with the most famous men of that age, Janus Donsa, Franciscus Junius, Lucas Trelcatius, Hugo Donellus, Everard Brohorst, Joseph Scaliger, Justus Lipsius, Francis Raphelengius, and others.

His Works either published by himself or his son, are mentioned by Melchior Adam in his Life.

CHAP. V.

HJeronymus, Anno Aerae Christi 375. Helv. Chron. 390. say others.

He was born at Sriden in Hungary. Latinos, Graecos, He­braeos, Chal­daeos, scri­ptores plures evolvit, ac­curatius ex­cussit, quam eorum qui post eum quis­quam, nempe homo summa industria prae­ditus, indefa­tigabili studio & longa vita usus. Lud. V. v. de Caus. Corrupt. art. l. 2. Quem unum habet Ecclesiasticus orbis utraque doctri­na sacra & gentili ut vocant juxta absolutum. Eras. Epist. l. 9. Epist. 15. Quamvis non defuerit temporibus nostris presbyter Hieronymus homo doctissimus, & omnium trium linguarum peritus, qui non ex Graeco, sed ex Hebraeo in Latinum eloquium easdem scripturas converterit. August. de Civit. Dei l. 18. c. 43. Flagrat jam olim mihi incredibili ardore animus Hieronymianas Epistolas Commentariis illustrandi. Et nescio quis Deus mihi pectus accendit agit (que) ut rem tantam, & à nullo hactenus tentaram, audeam animo concipere. Movet me viri caelestis & omnium Christianorum sine controversia longè tum doctissimi tum facundissimi pietas: cujus scripta cum digna sint quae ab omnibus passim legantur & ediscantur, vix pauci legunt, pauciores mirantur, paucissimi intelligunt. Eras. Epist. l. 5. Epist. 19.He matched any of his time in Learning in the Tongues, skill of hu­manity, and knowledge in holy Scripture, yet was that time so plenti­full of Learned men, as almost no time since.

Linguarum, Historiarum, & locorum situs peritissimus vir. Ful. Miscel. l. 2. c. 8. Vide c. 11. & 15.

He was mainly taken with Origen, so that he called him by way of praising him, Suum, his own.

His Epistles are approved of in Italy, France, Spain, all Germany and Africk: he was honoured and sought to farre and near by Bishops, by Noble Matrons, by great Rulers, many great personages came farre, having seen his Works, to see the Author. He had excellent skill in the Hebrew, which he got of a Jew Bar­hanin ah, as Erasmus relates in his Life.

Vir perfecto omnium doctrinarum genere praeditus, Hebraeam prae terea linguam, Syram, Chaldaicam, Graecam, & Latinam callens. Ang. Roch. Bibl. Vatic.

[Page 223]He was over-sharp and vehement in his Epistles with Austen and with others in his Controversall Writings.

Vt ubique vehemens, ita in Eristico contradicendi genere parum interdum atten­dendus. Montac. Appar. 9.

Omnium Traditionum Curiosissimus explorator. Id.

Hilarius Pictaviensis Antistes, Bishop of Poictou in France.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these verses of him, Anno Aerae Christi 351. Calv. Chron. Hilarius La­tinorum pri­mus eloquen­tiae suae gladium strinxit in Arianos ea quoque res illi plurimum famae conciliarit, praecipuè quòd res esset cum hoste nobili. Nam non dubito, quin apud Graecos; praeter Athanasium plures idem fe [...]erint. Eras. Epist. l. 28. Epist. 8. Vide plura ibid.

Et nos exhilaras, Hilari sanctissime Praesul,
Et monitis victa est Arria secta tuîs.

Hilarius Arelatensis Episcopus.

He lived in the time of Pope Leo about the year 458.

Hildefonsus Vir in divi­nis Scripturis eruditissimus, & saecularis quoque litteraturae non ignarus metro excellens & prosa; ingenio subtilis, sermone disertus, & super omnes sui temporis facundus, eloquens. Trithem. Toletanae sedis Episcopus.

There are Opuscula varia of his.

Arthur Hildersam, a Learned and Judicious Divine; who quotes Scripture Texts pertinently.

His Comment on the 51 Psalm, and his Lectures on the 4 th of John, and other Works are excellent Treatises.

Hincmarus, Anno Dom. 850.

There are his Opuscula & Epistolae. Fuit Archie­piscopus Re­mensis, vir doctus & pie­tatis studiosus sub Carolo secundo Ludovici pii filio circa 870. Domini annum: rametsi & magni Caroli tem­pora adolescens atrigerit. Is dum corrigere vitia morbosque Clericorum conatus est, multum molestiarum à perditae vitae Clero, eorumque ad Papam apellationibus, imò & à Papis: ipsis sustinuit. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. lib. 9.

Admonitio de potestate Regia & Pontificia.

Hipparchus, a great Astronomer. Ptolomaeus Hipparchi men­tionem ferè nullam facit, sine aliquo novo laudis titulo. Rami Schol. Mathem. lib. 1. Qui occasionem è nova quadam suo aevo conspecta Stella (referente Plinio) nactus, omnium aliorum loca, quae visui discretè occurrerent, studio quam maximo designavit. Tych. Brah. De Nova Stella. l 1. Qui omnium Siderum octavae Sphaerae loca, usque ad minimas sextae magnitudinis, imò & nebulosas, in normam expandere sustinuit, ut de eo loquitur Plinius. Tych. Brah. ibid. Hyparchus Bythinus, Plinio nunquam satis Laudatus, qui annumerare posteris stellas est ansus ac sydera ad normam expangere, organis excogitatis, per quae singularum loca atque magnitudines signaret. Plin. lib. 2, cap. 26. R. Episc. Usser. Annal. pars posterior.

He lived about 125 years before Christ was born.

Pliny much commends him in the 2 d Book of his Naturall History, c. 26.

There are his Enarrationes Gr. Lat. Ad Arati & Eudoxi Phaenomena.

Hippocrates. Verus meden­di dictator habitus sem­per, hujus scri­pta tanquam oracula, & non humanae lin­guae verba, tota amplectitur antiquitas tanquam ducem & auctorem omnium disciplinarum. In hoc, verborum pressa proprietas, sententiarum concisa subtilitas, sermonis veneranda antiquitas, artificii commendabilis dignitas: in cujus scriptis nihil superfluum, ociosum nihil; sed arguta brevitate rotunda omnia, & significantia, ita ut ubertas & amplitudo rerum verborum numerum longe vincat. Heurn. Dissertat. de Stud. Medicinae.

He was the first that wrote Methodically the Art of Physick, all Greece admi­ring him because of his knowledge.

His Works are in Greek and Latine in two Volumes.

His Aphorisms are much esteemed and quoted by Physitians.

Hippolytus. Episcopus Portuensis & Martyr, Clementis Alexandrini discipulus, sub Alexandro Severo Martyrio coronatus. Gerhardi Patrologia.

[Page 224]He hath written some Homilies, and De Consummatione mundi, de Antichristo, & secundo adventu Christi.

Quantum & hoc praesens, & futura sae­cula, tot bonis auctoribus, quos edidisti, demerearis, scriberem tibi, nisi scirem te hoc non facturum, nisi intelligeres, quantum eo ipso literas juves, quae per negligentiam quotidie pereunt. Jos. Scalig. Epist. l. 4. Epist. 389. Vide Epist. 383. David Hoeschelius, a very Learned man, to whom we owe many good books.

Vixit is mo­nachus docti­ssimus ante annos trecen­tos. Vossius de Vitiis Sermo­nis, l. 4. c. 16. Rob. Holcot, an English man, a Learned Dominican Monk.

He hath written

On the Proverbs.

Questions and Speeches upon the Sentences.

De imputabilitate peccati quomodo longa.

Determinations of other Questions.

Jacobus Medicus om­nibus numeris absolutus, sive perfectam artis cogniti­onem spectes, sive in morbis curandis usum & solertiam. Scav. Samarth. Gallorum doctrina illust. Elog. Hollerius.

Magni illius Hollerii dignissimus filius. Jacobi Augusti Thuani De vita sua. l. 1.

He hath written

De morbis internis, Observat. ad Consilia curandi.

Hamburgen­sis, erudito­rum ocellus. Gassend. de Vita Peireskii. lib. 4. Lucas Holstenius, a Learned Papist.

Anno 1590. Franciscus Qui litteris egregiè instru­ctus, cum juri civili operam Aureliani dedisset, ob religionis causam patriâ profugus, Lausanae primum docuit. Juventuti in jure dicendo assiduam operam longo tempore navavit, post quem patriam omnino deseruit. Thuan. Hist. tomo 5 to l. 99. Erat omnino ille vir habili & faecundo ingenio, variaque eruditione, ac potissimum eximia quadam in Romanorum jure illustrando facundia conspicuus. Scaev. Samarth. Gallorum doctrina illustrium Elogia. Hottomannus, a Learned Lawyer, well skilled in History and all An­tiquity, and a Protestant.

Divers of his Works published Concerning the Law, and other things, for the illustration of Antiquity and politer Learning, are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

Inscripsit li­bros de rebus ad Ilium ge­stis Iliades. Voss. de Annal. l 2. c. 28. Clarissimum deinde Homeri illuxit inge­nium, sine exemplo maximum: qui magnitu­dine operum & fulgore carminum solus appellari Poeta meruit, in quo hoc maximum est, quod neque ante illum quem ille imitaretur, neque post illum qui eum imitari posser, inventus est: neque quenquam alium, cujus operis primus auctor fuerit, in eo perfectissimum, praeter Homerum, & Archilocum reperiemus. Paterc. Hist. l. 1. Homerus putatur vixisse annis circiter centum & quinquaginta post bellum Trojanem. Incidit ejus aetas in tempora Esaiae Prophetae. Hesiodus existimatur vixisse centum annis post Homerum. Pezel. Mellif. Histor. parte 2 da c. 1. p. 97. Vide Seldeni Marmora Arund. Hunc nemo in magnis sub­limitate, in parvis proprietate superaverit. Idem laetus ac pressus, jucundis & gravis, tum copia, tum brevitate mirabilis: nec poetica modo, sed oratoris virtute eminentissimus, Quintil. Institut. Orat. l. 10. c. 1. Ortus pleni­oris eloquentiae siquis rectè repetat, est ab Homero. Nempe hic orator & planè orator à Marco Tullio, ab Hermo­gene Rhetorum praestantissimus, à caereris uno omnium consensu magister eloquentiae agnoscitur. Caus. Eloq. Sac. & Humani Parallel. l. 1. c. 10. Primus omnium pater elegantiarum Homerus. Casaub. in Athen. l. 9 c. 8. Qui omnis eruditionis fons & norma semper est habitus. Casaub. De Rom. Sat. l. 2. Homer. Seven Cities contended about his birth.

Leo Allatius hath written a book de Patria Homeri.

Homers Poetry is twofold, his Iliades and Odysses. In the Iliades he represents the strength of his body, in his Odysses that of his minde, both is described in an Heroick verse, the most absolute of all Meeters.

Amongst all Homers verses his Iliades and Odysses are especially celebrated, in which the light of all Philosophy, Oratory and Poetry is seen. Lil. Gyrald. De Poet. Hist. l. 2.

Est perfecto regium quid Homeri poesis, & praesertim Ilias, & paraemia quidem ait malorum Ilias, haec vero omnis boni Ilias. Possev. Biblioth. Select. Tomo 2 do, l. 17 c. 10.

Homer and Virgill, the two Poets that have been the admiration of all ages, which have afforded men of judgement.

Philosophers and others ascribed little less then Divine authority to Homer.

[Page 225] Alexander the Great put Homers Iliades in a curious Casket which he took from Darius, and laid it still under his pillow when he slept.

Homero vati haec est propria, peculiarisque tribuenda lans, quod neque, ipse de patria sua quicquam prodidit, & pleraeque illum nobilissimae civitates suum quaeque fuisse alumnum contendunt. Polit Orat. in Exposit. Hom. Vide plura ibid.

Alcibiades the Athenian coming into a School, commanded them to bring him Homers book, when they answered they had him not, he struck the Master and went away, counting it an unworthy thing for a Schoolmaster to be without Homer.

Festus Hommius.

He was in the Synod of Dort, and opposed the Arminians. Defuncto Arminio, cum Pastores ali­quot, ejus discipuli, no­vos quosdam Articulos Illust. Hollandiae & Westfrisiae ordinibus, insciis Ecclesiis, per Remonstrantiam uti vo­can [...] (unde Remonstrantes deinceps sunt vocati) obtulissent simulque allaborarent, ut iisdem Ecclesiis publica autoritate obtruderentur, Festus Hommius huic istarum conatui se cum aliis Ecclesiarum Deputatis cordatè oppo­suit. Meursi Athen. Batav. l. 2.

There is his Specimen controversiarum Belgicarum.

And his Disputationes Theologicae.

Petrus Cornelius In praeclaro, nec intermori­ [...]uro, Annalium Belgicorum opere: in quo ambigas, magisne ames veri amorem, an eximiam mirere prudentiam, an purissimam lectissimi sermonis patrii castimoniam. Vossius de Vitiis Sermonis l. 3. c. 34. Hoofduis, a Learned Dutch Knight.

Richard Hooker.

For his solid Writings he was sirnamed the Judicious, and entitled Theologorum Oxonium.

He hath published a Learned Book Of the Laws of Ecclesiasticall Polity, written in Defence of the Government then established, against the new desired Discipline.

John Hooper, the Learned and godly Bishop of Glocester and Worcester, and Martyr.

These are his Works,

His Answer to my L. of Winchesters book, entituled, A Detection of the devils Sophistry wherewith he robbeth the unlearned people of the true Belief in the Sacrament of the Altar.

Confession of the Christian Faith.

Declaration of the 10 Commandments.

Sermons on Jonas.

And other Tracts mentioned by Maunsell in his Catalogue.

Joachimus Hopperus.

He hath written divers Works. Natus est Anno 1523. Suffridus Pet. De Script. Fris. and Au­bertus Miraeus in his Elogia Belgica much extoll him. Hopperorum familia, tum in Angl. tum in Schot. propagata in hunc usque diem durat: ex qua memoria nostra fuit ille Vigorniensis & Glo­cestrensis Episcopus Joannes Hopperus, de quo multa Scriptores Anglici. Suffrid. Pet. De Scriptoribus Frisiae. Ejusdem familiae vestigia reperiuntur in Germania superiore unde & Marcus Hopperus Basilcensis originem duxisse videtur. Id. ibid.

Paraphrasis in Psalmos.

De usu Psalmorum.

De vera Jurisprudentia

Isagoge in Iurisprudentiam.

De Juris Arte.

Dispositio Lib. Pandectarum.

More of his Works are mentioned by Suffridus Petrus De Scriptoribus Frisiae.

Horatius Flaccus, Horatius est omnium Lati­norum Graecorumque poetarum elaboratissimus. Scalig. Hypercrit. c. 1. Lyricorum Horatius ferè solus legi dignus. Nam & insurgit aliquando, & plenus est jucunditatis & gratiae, & variis figuris & verbis felicissimè audax. Quintil. Institut. Orat. l. 10. c. 1. Quis enim, qui de poetis modò judicare aliquid possit, uni inter Latinos omner Horatio, vel acumine ingenii, vel sententiarum gravitate, palmam non tribuit? Manut, Epist. l. 6. Epist. 7. an ingenious Poet.

[Page 226] Qui unus plura Criticorum judiciò, quam caeteri omnes innovavit. Dilher. Dispu­tat. Acad. Tom. 1.

Robert Robertus Hornus An­glus, compo­suit Anglico sermone Apo­logiam Chri­stianam l. 1. De missae abominatione l. 1. Transtulit in linguam vernaculam quasdam homilias Calvini. Gesu. Biblioth. Horne, sometime Bishop of Winchester.

Et bene sonantem Hornum. D r Humph.

There is his Answer to Fecknam.

Conradus Hornaeus Lutheranus. Vedelius terms him Virum doctissimum, and com­mends his book De processu disputandi.

Aubertus Mi­raeus mentions him honourably in his Elogia Belgica. Lambertus Hortensius.

Divers of his Works are published.

De Anabaptistis, De Bello Germanico, Explanationes in Lucanum, in Virgilii Aeneida, Dissertatio de Trajecto & Epistolis, Rerum Vltrajectinarum.

Stanislaus Hosius.

Polonus Car­dinalis, inge­nii sua eximia monumenta reliquit, bis & trigesies ipso vivente, variis locis excusa, & ex Latina in Gallicam, Germanicam, Polonam, Scoticam, Anglicam, Armenicamque linguam translata. Nomenclat. Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalium. Stanislaus Osius Episcopus Varmiensis Cardinalis, vir doctissimus & ut in Deum sic in patriam praecipua pietate insignis. Thuan. Hist. [...]om. 3. lib. 57. Vide etiam lib. 68.He was imployed by three Emperours successively, Charles the 5 th, his Brother Ferdinand, and Maximilian the sonne of Ferdinand. He was President in the Councell of Trent.

All his Works are in one Volume.

Rod. Hospinianus.

He hath written

De Festis Judaeorum & Ethnicorum.

De Templis.

De Monachis.

Michael Hospitalius.

Cùm ipsum Galliae Can­cellarium via rum amplissi­mum Michaelem Hospitali­um hoc tan­tùm nomine, quòd hujusmodi conciliis nefariis adversaretur, ex aula removerint, atque uti captivum habuerint Historiola de Laniena Gallica. Vide Thuan. tom. 3. l. 56. Vnicum aevi nostri decus. Grot. Praefat. ad Poem. Chancellour of France un­der Charles the 9 th, but removed from the Court and made a prisoner as it were, only because he opposed those wicked counsels against the Protestants in the Mas­sacre at Paris.

Beza mentions him in his Icones Virorum illustrium.

There are these of his Works published,

Six Books of Epistles in Latine verse.

De Caleto expugnato.

Epistola & carmen, cum. aliis.

In the Preface to his Epistle one saith, it appeared by a most ancient Coin, that he much resembled Aristotle. Summum illum omnium Philosophorum principem Aristotelem sic ore toto retulit, ut alterius ex altero imago expressa videri posset.

Jo. Howson, Bishop of Oxford, a Learned man. He hath written De Divortiis, and Sermons.

Hic mihi non placet Rogerius Hovedenus, vir alioqui laudandus, qui scrinia Simeonis, suppresso ejus nomine strenuè compilavit, & aliena pro suis gloriae avi­dulus, supposuit. Lelandi Comment. In Cygn. Cant. Rogerius de Hoveden, a famous Historian, who flourished about the year 1190.

He wrote two Books of Annals.

Robert Hues.

He hath written well of the Celestiall and Terrestiall Globes and their use.

Hermannus Natione Belga patria Bruxellensis, vivido ingenio, Canendi & scribendi arte ac laude praestans Humanioribus litteris eximiam adjunxit Philosophiae ac Theologiae peritiam, Flandricâ, Italicâ, Hispanicâ, Germanicâ, Gallicâ, lingua velut materna utebatur. Alegambe. Hugo.

He hath written a good Book de Origine scribendi & rei literariae antiquitate.

[Page 227] Hugo Hugo Cardi­nalis Anno Aerae Christi­anae 1212. Helv. Chron. Vir omni probitate ornatus, ac doctissimus, qui universam Scripturam sacram quaddru­plici sensu explanavit, & in Psalmos luculentissimum edidit Commentarium, Bibliorumque judicem, quem Con­cordantias vocant, laboriosissimum sane, & immensi taedii, ac temporis opus, sacrarumque litterarum studiosis magnopere necessarium, primus excogitasse, excogitatumque promulgasse perhibetur. Ang. Roc. Bib­lioth. Vat. Cardinal, a Dominican.

He hath written learnedly on all the Scripture.

Antonius Hulsius, a learned man.

He hath put out

Theologia Judaica, and Notes on the Psalms in Latine.

Humbertus Cardinalis Episcopus Syl­vae candidae; à Icone nono Legatus Con­stantinopolin missus, vir sui saeculi longe doctissimus. Vixit anno Domini 1054. ante annos sexcentos. Dallaeus De Pseu­depig. Apost. lib. 1. cap. 1. Episcopus.

Whom Leo the 9 th made Cardinal for the rare Learning and vertue which was in him, and sent him to Constantinople to suppresse the andaciousnesse of another Leo Bishop of the Bulgarians.

Laurentius Humphredus.

Laurence Humfrey Doctor of Divinity and President of Magdalen Colledge in Oxford, a learned and pious man. Patria Buchin­gamius, ad meliores lite­ras, & praeci­puarum lin­guarum cogni­tionem vir na­tus, parentum industria ad Oxonium translatus fuit, hoc nomine ne ejus ingenii foelicitas inculta torpesceret. E Graeco in Latinum transtulit, Originem de recta fide, contra Marcionistas: sunt enim tres Dialogi. Baleus de Script. Brit. Cent. 9.

He hath written Bishop Juels life in Latine, and Jesuitismus.

De Interpretatione Linguarum.

He hath written in English

Of Civil and Christian Nobility, shewing the Original, Nature, Duties, Right and Christian Institution thereof.

Also a Treatise by Philo a Jew, of the same Argument, translated.

Seven Sermons.

John Hus a Bohemian born in a Town named Hassenitz. Bohemus, vir eruditione & sanctitate vitae praeclarus fide publica Casaris data & accepta ad Synodum Constantien­sem venerat. Sed capiebatur mox à Pontificiis, & in tetros inclusus Carceres, ad revocandam suam doctrinam multum & improbè urgebatur: tandem verò cùm omnino revocare nollet, crudeliter vivus comburebatur anno 1415. Pezel. Mellific. Histor. part. 3.

He died as a Martyr of Christ at Constance Anno 1415. His Works are mentio­ned by Boissard in his Icones.

He and Jerom of Prague were condemned in the Councel of Constance against the publick faith given them. Hus in the year 1415. but Jerom in the year follow­ing, which Bodin (though a Papist) disliked De Repub. l. 5. c. 5.

The people which were present at the execution of Hus, so admired his constan­cy and pious death, that they said, What that man taught or did before we know not: certainly those things are great evidences of true piety, for he prayed most fervently to God a little before his death.

Hulrichus Huttenus a Knight and Poet laureate, born Anno 1488.

He was Luthers good friend, and encouraged him to constancy. Multa auda­cter & libere in Romanenses dixit & scripsit, Musarumque & Gratiarum Hierophantes incomparabilis. Boissardi Icones. A nullo magis flagi­tio semper abhorruit, quàm mendacio: neque detestabilius quicquam duxit quàm non simpliciter optima fide & loqui & facere omnia: & à puero usque studuit: ut sincere versaretur & candidé. Melch. Ad. in ejus vita.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard.

In Vallam de donat constant.

Huttenus captivus, Huttenus illustris Satyra nemo.

De Schismate extinguendo.

[Page 228] Exhortatio in Concil. Basil. contra decimas.

De lande Germanorum.

De morbo Gallico.

Arminius, Dialogus.

His Poetical Works are in one Volume.

There was this Epitaph made of him.

Hic eques auratus jacet oratorque disertus,
Huttenus vates carmine & ense potens.

C. Julius Pro quo cor­ruptè vulgo Higynus vel Hi [...]inus scribitur. Hodiè nihil Hygini habemus praeter Poeticon astronomicon ad M. Fabium, & fabularem librum. Voss. De Histor. Lat. lib. 1. cap. 20. Hyginus.

Haec tantos in literis fecit progressus, ut omnes Philo­sophos sui temporis longè superaret. Quinetiam propter gravem animi fidentiam, quam ex doctrinae fontibus hauserat, in conspectum principum, summa cum modestia venire non dubitavit. Socrat. Hist. Eccles. l. 7. c. 15. Buntingi Chronologia. Hypatia or Hypathia, a most learned woman, daughter to Theon the Geome­trician, she taught publickly at Alexandria, many flocking thither to hear her.

Andreas Gerhardus Hyperius a most learned and diligent Divine. Anno 1511.

Quicquid boni habent ejus­dem De forman­dis sacris Cencionibus libri duo, Deque rectè formando studio Theologico libri iv. id in suos similis argumenti libros tran­stulit Laurentius à Villavincentio, ex Ord. Augustiniano Doctor Theol. Lovaniensis. Valeri Andreae Bibliotheca Bel­gica. Praeter raram pietatem & eruditionem, quae in ejus scriptis relucet, aiunt hominem esse mansueto ingenio, magna synceritate praeditum. Calv. Epist. Christophoro Thretio.His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

CHAP. VI.

I

Dr THomas Jackson a learned Divine, as his Commentaries upon the Apo­stles Creed, and other Works shew.

Mr. Arthur Jackson, a Reverend Divine, and good Expositor of Scripture.

He hath commented on the Pentateuch, on the Historicall Part, and five Poeti­cal Books.

Jacobus Rex. Vide Vossii Epist. ad artem Grammati­cam. Quis doctus (& quotidiè ad eum confluunt) non stupuit tanti ingenii miraculum Rerum incredibilis varietas, mirabilis antiquitatis peritia, selecta oratio, & nihil ab iis abhorrens qui perpetua aetate deduxerunt studium velut ad robustam maturitatem. Cryptai Britannia Triumphans.King James a learned and wise Prince.

His several Works shew his great Learning. I finde in the Appendix of the Oxford Catalogue these words, Opera Regis Lat. manu propria inscripta & Acade­miae suae Oxoniensi dono data, in perpetuam Regiae munificentiae memoriam, in Archivis reposita.

In the Catalogue it self his Poeticall Exercises, and other particular Works are enumerated.

He died in March.

Non miror regem si Martius abstulit Anglis;
Pacificis semper Mars inimicus erat.
Arth. Jonstoni Epig.

[Page 229] Jacobus De Sic dictus quod esset qua­si vorago Bibliorum, propter Crebras allegorias. Alsted. Encycloped. lib. 32. cap. 7. Voraigne. He wrote the golden Legend.

Richard James.

M r Selden speaks of him and Patrick Young, as his Assistants in his Work of Marmora Arundelliana.

Sed ut expeditiùs res absolveretur, rogo ut in operae societatem adsciscerentur amici communes, eruditissimus Patricius Junius, & multi jugae doctrinae studiique indefati­gabilis vir Richardus Jamesius.

For this Richard James, there is this censure of him, that he preached three Sermons, one without a Text, another against his Text, and a third be­sides it.

D r Thomas James. He was a laborious man. As

His Corruption of Scriptures, Councels and Fathers.

The Downfall of Jesuites.

Bellum Papale, and other Works shew.

Jamblychus Magnae vir apud Graecos authoritatis. Pier. Valer. Hier. l. 33. c. 41. a famous Philosopher, and Porphyrius his Scholar.

He hath written a Book of the mysteries of the Egyptians, Chaldeans and Assy­rians, and three Books of the Sect of Pythagoras, with Commentaries of Simplicius the Philosopher.

Jo De Gandavensis, vir longè eru­ditissimus, circiter ante 270 annos primatum Papae oppugnavit. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. lib. 8. Janduno.

Cornelius Jansenius. He was born at Hilstane in Flanders.

One of the Papists learnedest and best Expositors of the Gospel. Vigilantissi­mus sacrarum literarum In­terpres. Montac. Apparat. Cornelius Jausenius in omnibus, quae scripsit, praesertim in Concordiam Evangelicam, & in Proverbia, ut etiam Psalmos, se magno valentem judicio, uti & eruditum ostendit. Possev. Biblioth. Select. Tomo 10. l. 2. c. 49. Theologus Egregius, cui exacta trium linguarum cognitio. Swertii Athen. Belg.

He was sent by King Philip the second King of Spain to the Councel of Trent.

Fuit in hoc viro praestans ingenium, exacta linguarum trium Latinae, Graecae & Hebraicae cognitio, singularis prudentia, eximius rerum usus, inprimis verò summum religionis ac pietatis studium. Quantus Theologus fuerit, clamant doctissimi in Con­cordiam suam Evangelicam orbis judicio probatam Commentarii; qui & aequales aliquot, in his Salmeronem & Beauxamamum in eadem arena desudantes, à suis tunc edendis deterruerunt. Auberti Miraei Elog. Belg.

He was uncle to the other Jansenius Bishop of Iper, Hoc ipso tem­pore plurimi Sorbonistae Jesuitarum dogmati pa­lam adversan­tur excitati ad id opere quidem posthumo, egregio tamen Cornelii Jansenii Yprensis Episcopi, quod Augustinum inscripsit. Vi­deatur Apologia pro Jausenio à Doctissimo Sorbonista anonymo, D. Arneldum esse putant, conscripta. Mares. Exeg. Confess. Belg. Art. 16. who wrote Sanctus Augu­stinus. This Jansenius wrote another Book also against the French, and styles it Patricius Armachanus, whence Petavius cals the Jansenians Armachani, or be­cause Jansenius was so much beholding to the Archbishop of Armaghs Goteschalci Historia for his Book.

Rabbi Salomon Jarchi a learned French Jew, Rabbi Salomon Jarchi, quasi lunaris dictus. Is à nostris Judaeis Salom [...] [...] vocatur. Natione Gallus erat & patria Trecensis; contrivit tamen aliquam aeratis partem in Germa­niâ, commoratus aliquandiu Wormatiae ad Rhenum, cujus Synagogae Judaei etiamnum ipsius praesentiae mon­strant vestigia. Authoritas porrò hujus Jarchai tanta est apud Rabinos, ut quamvis Interpretum numero abun­dent, hunc tamen unum caeteris longè praeferant cunctis, non tantum quod tempore antiquior sit & clarorum inter medios ferè primus, sed quia in utroque Bibliis & Talmud laboraverit, & illa subinde cum hoc conferat. Schickard. Bechinath Happeruschim. Potius Jerarchi. Obiit anno Servatoris nostri 1105. Quia scripturam & plera­que Talmudis explicavit, ideoque magnae inter Judaeos est authoritatis. Constant. L'Emperour. Not. in Benjaminem.who hath commented on the whole Bible, and to whom Lyra is much beholding for what he hath of the Hebrew.

[Page 230] Jason Patricius me­diolanensis, eques auratae militae & Senator Ducalis. Vir corporis habitu eleganti, moribus facilis, in colloquiis familiaribus facetus & hi­laris, in rebus magnis gravis, acutus, & perspicacissimi ingenii: prudens in consiliis, cujus autoritas maxima fuit apud Fridericum & Maximilianum Imperatores Romanorum: ad quos missus est legatus à Ludovico sfortia duce Medio­lanensium excellens Philosophus, in juris prudentia nulli suo tempore cessit. Mortuus est Papiae 84. aetatis anno, Christi verò 1519. Boxhorn. Monum. Illust. Vir. & Elog. Maynus.

His Works are in six Volumes.

Jesuitae. The Iesuites.

1521. Ignatius Loyola Hispa­nus societatis Jesu fratribus initium dedit. Decem alios sibi adjunxit, quibus comitatus Luteria Romam obtinuit an. 1540. ut suae religionis institutum à Pontifice confitmaretur. Ge­neb. Chronol. lib. 4. Ordo Societatis Jesu à Paulo tertio P.P. primum approbatur an. 1540 & ab eodem con­firmatur 1543. Post eum Julius tertius, Paulus quartus, [...]ius quartus & Tridentinum Concilium Sest. 9. cap. 15. Eum ordinem iterum confirmarunt.In the fifth year of Pope Vrbane the fifth began first the Order of the Je­suites.

Men of famous industry and excellent reach in all subtill and profound Arts, but ignorant and besotted in matters of faith and mysteries of salvation. D r Jacks. on the Creed, Vol. 1. l. 2. c. 1.

Thuanus and Pasquier (though Papists) speak against the titles of Jesuites, as proud and blasphemous. Novo atque ut plerisque visum est superbo nomine appelati sunt. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 15.

See Thuan. Hist. tom. 2. l. 36. at the beginning, and Pasquiers Recherches de la France, l. 3. c. 42, 43. against them.

A Book called the Jesuites Rule, discovers what they are.

See also Monarchia Jesuitica, Arcana Societatis Jesu, Mysteria Patrum Jesuita­rum. De studiis Jesuitarum abstrusioribus, and the Jesuites Catechism.

The best Expositors amongst the Papists, are Pererius, Ribera, Tolet, Maldo­nate, Estius, all which (except Estius) were Jesuites.

The ablest for controversies, are Bellarmine, Stapleton, Gregory De Valentia, two of which were also Jesuites.

The best Philologers, are Sirmondus, Andraeas Schottus, Fronto Ducaeus, Serarius, all Jesuites.

Some of the Papists are very bitter and malicious, as Genebrard, Gretzer, Scioppius.

Others more candid and ingenuous, Schottos, Frontones, Acostas, Petavios, Rosweydos, & aliquos alios viros eruditos & modestos excipio. Montac. Appar. 7.

Patriarcha Antiochenus, vir, quod in orientis parti­bus perrarum est, singu ari eruditione. Scalig. Canon. Isag. l. 3. Solus Ignatius est intra primum Christi saeculum, & quidem sub sinem. Est enim occisus anno secundo Trajani, qui incidit in annum Christi centesimum secundum circiter. Irenaeus vixit circa annum centesimum sexagesimum, Tertullianus circa ducentessimum. Cham. De Oecum. Pont. l 2. c. 12. Antiochenae Ec­clesiae Episcopus praesuit Ignatius vir magni spiritus, fidei, & zeli, de quo testari possunt ejus Epistolae Graecae ple­nae fidei ac parrhesiae Concionantes de pectore pro Christo cuncta impendere parato. Neand. Geog. part. 2. Vide De ejus Epistolis. Albertinum De Sacramento Eucharistiae. l. 2. c. 1. Ignatius, Anno Dom. 102.96. Helv. Chron.

He was the Scholar of S t John the Evangelist, Bishop of the Church of Antioch, a man of great Sanctity, and a most ardent lover of our Lord Jesus Christ, he was was wont to say of him, My love was crucified.

Bishop Vsher and Vedelius shew which of his Epistles were genuine.

Matthias Flac­ous Illyricus, haeresi infamis, alioqui de Ecclesia non malè meritus, edito Catalogo restium veritatis, & adornatis sua ipsius, Johannis Wigandi, & Matthaei Judicis opera Centuriis Ecclesiasticis Magdeburgensibus. Pezel. Mell. sic. Histor. part. 3. Testes veritatis à Christo ad nostram usque aetatem: id est, qui puram religionem amplexi fuerint, prolixè & accuratè de­scripsit Matthias Flaccius Illyricus in Catalogo Testium veritatis, quam Simon Goulartius recensuit & auxit. Alsted. Eu­cyclopaed. l. 32. c. 7. Quanquam verò cum aliis, tum imprimis paradoxo illo de peccati substantia, non exiguas in Eccle­sia Christi turbas dedit: tamen sua etiam laude defraudandus non est, ob egregia scripta quibus aut Antichristi re­gnum oppugnatum, aut Theologiae studia studiososue ivit adjutum Commendantur enim ex illis primùm Clavis sacrae Scripturae, deinde Centuriae Ecclesiasticae historia congesta Flacii potissimum consilio, opera autem Wigandi & alio­rum. Tertium locum obtinet Catalogus Testium veritatis. Melch. Ad. in vita Flacii. Homo vehemens, & quocun (que) lo­co pedem sigeret acerrimus turbarum incentor. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 38. Vide ejus Tom. 3. l. 61. Matth. Fl. Illyricus was somewhat heretical, but yet was usefull to the Church in [Page 231] some of his Works, his Clavis, the Centuries, in which he had a great share, and Catalogus testium veritatis.

D r Jackson indeed in Christs everlasting Priesthood, l. 10. c. 12. seems to justifie Illyricus his definition of original sinne, and chap. 13. labours to shew, that Cal­vin and Peter Martyr consent with him in the description of original sinne. Yet I have elsewhere refuted his opinion, of original sins being the essence and substance of a man, and it is generally disliked by the Orthodox.

Denegarunt ei coenam ministri propter doctrinam de peccata originali, ita sine via­tico, quia aberrarat è via, abiit ex hac vita: utinam pius & bonus. Zanch. Epist. l. 2. Lavater.

Joannes De Indagine. Vir politioris literaturae, & S Theologiae studiosissimus, edidit suis im­pensis Librum introductionum Apotelesmaticarum in Chiromantiam, Physiognomiam, Astrologiam naturalem, cum Periaxiomatibus de faciebus signorum, & Canonibus de aegritudinibus, nusquam fere simili compendio tractata. Liber Argentorati est impressus in folio anno 1522. Cum viva authoris effigie in titulo praeformata Boissardi Icones.

He flourished Anno 1522.

He was a great Astrologer.

Indices Expurgatorii. Peritos scillos Chirurgos imitantes, qui expurgationi­onibus suis sanguinem e­mitrunt saepius saniorem. Prorisum imprimir, ut prohibitae lectionis librorum usus omnino interdiceretur, ita­que Lovaniensibus Theologis id negotii datum, ut librorum censura dignotum loca notarent, eorumque diligentia & Benedicti Ariae Montani inprimis qui tunc in Belgium ex Hispania Philippi mandatu venerat, ut Bibliorum re­giorum editioni praeesset, index expurgatorius est Concinnatus, ac sequenti anno regia auctoritate publicatus. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 45.

There are two Expurgatory Indices, one new, the other old, one set out by Cardinal Quiringa in the year 1584. the other by the Cardinal of Squidoval and Roxas in the year 1612. B. Vsh. Answ. to the Jesuit. Challenge.

There be some Authors so purged, as Georg. Venetus, Erasmus Roterodamus, and Carolus Molinaeus Works, that their depravations being diligently noted, would amount unto whole Volumes. D. James his Remedy against all manner of Popish Corrupt. Part. 5 th.

They have put as much out of Cajetane as would make a pretty Book.

The purpose of these Indices is to corrupt the writings, and raze the records of the world, to make all Authors to become the Popes Proctors, and such as (having spake for the truth) now (being dead) must plead for the Pope. Their practise is so soon as an Author is purged, to burn all the old ones as farre as they can. Cra­shaws Preface to his Romish Forgeries and Falsificat.

Arias Montanus was sometime a chief Inquisitor in the Low-Countreys, and had more then a finger in printing of the Antwerp Index, long since, and often re­printed by Junius: yet now his own Works (as his learned Commentaries) upon Isay, the lesser Prophets, the four Evangelists and Acts of the Apostles, upon the Epistles and Apocalypse, and other writings of his, are purged and purged again in the Roman Index. D. James his Mysteries of the Indices Expurgatory.

Jo. Philippus Ingrassias, a learned Physician. Pestem in Si­cili [...] longè la­téquè grass [...]n­tem extinxit, unde Siculus Hippocrates vulgo appellabatur. Et, quod de Livio legimus, illi, etiam accidit; ut ex ultimis terrarum fi­nibus ad eum visendum cujuscunque ordinis venirent. Castellan. Vit. Illust. Med.

His house was called eruditionis emporiam, the mart of Learning.

These of his Works are celebrated.

De moribus praeter naturam. Tomus 1.

Quastio de purgatione per medicamentum, & de sanguinis missione.

Jatrologia.

Synopsis Commentariorum de peste.

Commentaria [...]n Galeni librum de ossibus.

Comment. in Artem medic. Galeni.

Ingulphus a Learned English Abbot.

[Page 232]He lived Anno 1050. as he witnesseth in the end of his History.

He wrote a History of the Monasteries of England. See more of him, lib. 2. cap. 13. pag. 93.

Innocentius tertius Papa, Anno Dom. 1200.

Unus ille om­nium teterri­mus Evange­licae veritatis hostis, qui 1215. in Sy­nodo Latera­nensi omnium fe [...]è turbarum, quibus hodiè orbis concutitur Christianus, seminaria in Ecclesiam profudit. Quum primum non ante auditam transubstantia­tionem invexit, confessionem auricularem à Christianis extorsit: criminum remissionem non aliter quam à sacer­dote accipiendam mandavit: Laicis alteram sacrae Communionis partem eripuit: Exurendi tartaream hanc con­suetudinem eos maximè qui hiscere adversus Romanam sedem auderent, induxit. Cui potissimum Pontifici acce­ptum debetur, quicquid hodiè vel clad a vel dissidii inter Protestantes, & Pontificios in Ecclesia deflagret. Foxus contra Osorium l. 3. p. 23.A learned man but a great persecutour of the Church.

When he had great store of money, he said to Thomas Aquinas, Dost thou not see Thomas, that the Church cannot now say as in times past when it first began, Aurum & argentum non habeo, I have not gold and silver, Thomas presently an­swered, Holy Father, this is true, but the Church cannot now say, as the Primitive Church did by the same man, Arise, walk, be whole.

His Works are contained in two Tomes.

Vir in divinis ac saecularibus disciplinis nulii suo tem­pore secundus per annos multos. Sorbonae Parisiensi praefuit, ubi scientiarum omnium cognitione Clarissimus Universalis cog­nomen est adeptus. Anton. Sanderus De Script. Fland. l. 1. Alanus Insulensis, vel de Insulis.

There is his

Ante-Claudiani, & de Anti-Ruffino.

Abbas Joachimus.

Calaber, homo eruditionis & etiam sanctita­tis vitae nomi­ne cum primis celębris, qui floruit anno 123. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 17. Magister sententiarum in libro primo dixit. Quaedam summa res est, Pater, Filius & Spiritus Sanctus, & illa non est generans, nec genita, nec pro­cedens. Haec magister, ex quibus verbis, Abbas Joachim hujusmodi doctrinam haud recte percipieas, quaternita­tem colligebat: & quartam in divinis rem adstruebat, hujusque generis errorem & notam magistro impingebat. Ang. Roc [...]ha Biblioth. Vatic. Concil. 2. Lateran.He was an heretick, he held a distinction of the Deity from the Persons, and so a quaternity, mistaking a passage in Peter Lombard.

Arthur Ihonston a Scotch Doctor of Physick before he was full twenty three years of age, he was laureated Poet at Paris, his Paraphrastick Translation of the Psalms is commended.

Jernandes, he was called Jordanus, he flourished Anno Domini DXXX, under the Emperour Justinian.

He being a Monk was made Bishop of the Gothes.

Hieronymus Graecum Livi­um appellat, propter ingenii excellentiam [...] Senatu & [...] ­pul [...] Rom [...] promeruit, u [...] eo viven [...]e libri ejus publicae Bibliothecae trad [...]rentur, ipsi vero post mortem aenea statua poneretur. Amicus fuit Christiano­rum, quanquam Judaeus esset: & Dominum nostrum Jesum Christum in 18. Antiquitatum libro insigni elogio celebravit, qua de causa D. Hieronymus eum in Catalogo Ecclesiasticorum scriptorum digna cum laude recenset. Sixt. Seneus. Biblioth. Sanct. l. 4. Is in omni Latinorum & Graecorum Scriptorum genere versatus, omnem Genti­lium historiam & Chronologiam excussit & perdidicit, ideoque ab istorum Hebraeorum ineptiis remotissimus fuit. Possev. Biblioth. Select. Tomo 10. l. 2. c. 63. Vide [...]. Ceisuram Dub, Evang. & parte 2 da Dub. 2. & Ne [...]nd. Geog. parte 2 da. Decepti sunt Judaei post Josippum Josephi nomine. Item quòd uterque esset sacerdos, doctu [...]; no­bilis, &c. quod uterque idem de Antiquitatibus Judaicis & de bello argumentum tractarit, unus tamen Hebraicè, alter Graecè. Geneb Chronol. l. 2. c. 4. Vide Bodin. Method. Hist. Flavius Josephus autor omni laude dignus, & cui post sacrorum voluminum scriptores prima esse debet fides. Etsi gravitate supra cunctos Judaeos eminet, tamen haud ubique à deliramentis abhorret popularium suorum. Cuneus de Repub. Heb. l. 3. c. 1. Vide Voss. De Histor. Graec. l. 2. c. 8. Josephus Judaicus Clarissimus Judaeorum Historieus. Ful. Miscel. l. 2. c. 3. most learned in the Greek and Hebrew.

He is a diligent Historian, yet since he wrote the Antiquities of his own Nation, with an intention to communicate them to others, he described them as stately as he could, and when he thought the simplicity of the Scripture did not suffice to the commendation of things done amongst the Hebrews, he invented and added many [Page 233] things himself, therefore in those things he is to be prudently read, left he deceive the unwary Reader. This fault Luther on Gen. 34. and Rivet on Exod. 2. and Chamier and others tax him with. Vide Cornel. à Lap. in Gen. 29. & in Numb. c. 11. v. 34.

There was a Jew in latter times who out of the true Josephus translated into La­tine by Ruffinus (he himself understanding no Greek) and Hegesyppus (or rather Ambrose) his Latine History of the destruction of Jerusalem, set out an H [...]brew History under the false name of Joseph Ben-Gorion, whom he thought to be the same with Josephus the Historian, for whom he would be taken. The Epitome of this Hebrew History is entitled, [...] Josiphon, whence the name of Josippus was taken up.

Paulus Jovius. Vir mult [...]e e­loquentiae, in­gentique acer­rum, medici­nam primo ex [...]rcuit, non sine foelici suc­ceslu. Scripsit historiam sui temporis, de rebus quae quinquaginta annis gestae erant in Italia, Hungaria, Asia, Af [...]ica, aliisque regionibus. Licet ejus Historiae libri sex primae decadis magna reipublicae literariae jactura per [...]erunt, dum Roma capta [...] Hispanis duce Carolo Borbonio. Boissardi Bibliotheca, & Boxhorn Monum. Illust. Vir. & Elog. Paulus Jovi [...] mu [...]tum judicia, magis acerba, quam libera experitur. Acriter valde in virum eunt. Ego de eo sic cen­s [...]o. [...]tylo bonum gravemque esse, & plane ad Historiam: judicio ac fide, ambiguum. Ubi affectus non detra­h [...]t, rectum; ubi illi adsunt, obnoxiom. Ad gratiam sudat & aurum. Laudationum nec caussam saepe habet nec [...] Ora [...]ionibus quoque aut frigidus interdum, aut ineptus. Laudandus tamen legendusque ab multi­plicem & [...] cu [...]um seriem quas redegit composite & dilucide in unum Historiae corpus. Lips. Not. ad 1. Lib. Polit. Vide Vherii Folietae Elog in Bendinelo Saulid. Card.

Some commend him, and others much dislike him.

I have heard wise and learned men say, That his whole study and purpose is spent on these points, to deface the Emperor, to flatter France, to spite England, to help Ger­many, to praise the Turk, to keep up the Pope, to pull down Christ and Christs Reli­gion, as much as lieth in him. Aschams Discourse of the State of Germany, p. 15.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these verses of him.

[...]aenal [...] cui penna fuit, cui gloria flocci,
Vix quid ut ille fide scripserit historicâ.

Thuanus cals him Luculentum historiarum Scriptorem Hist. Tom. 1. l. 11. Neand. in the third part of his Geography, saith Paulus Jovius in opere ejus doctissimo & elo­quentissimo historiarum nostri temporis.

Hic situs est Iovius Romanae gloria linguae:
Par cui non scripto non Patavinus erat.

CHAP. VII.

IRenaeus, Anno Dom. 180.161. Helv. Chron.

Bishop of Lions, the Disciple of Polycarpus who was a hearer of John, Magnus ille Ecclesiae pro­pug [...]ator ac pro sui nomi­nis augurio pacis Ecclesia­sticae, vindex. Spirant illius scripta priscum illum Evangelii vigorem; ac phrasis arguit pectus martyrio paratum. Habent enim martyres suam quandam dictionem seriam, forrem ac masculum. Fuit vicinus Apostolorum temporibut, quum adhuc martyrum triumphis floreret Ecclesia. Nam puer audivit Polycarpuris in Asia, Polycarpus antem Joannis Evangelistae fuit di­scipulus, à quo & Episcopus Smyrnae is datus. Eras. Epist. l. 28. Epist. 5. Vide plura ibid. most famous among the Fathers.

His nature well agreed with his name, for he ever loved peace, and sought to set agreement when any controversie rose in the Church.

He was martyred with a great multitude of others more, for the Confession and Doctrine of Christ, about the fourth or fifth year of Severus.

Jo. Isaacus. He was a Jew, but turned Christian.

He hath put out an Hebrew Grammer.

[Page 234] Isidorus Hispalensis, Anno Dom. 632.

Archiepisco­pus. Hispalen­sis quem ad alterius diffe­rentiam Juniorem nuncupant. Fuit hic omnium litterarum cognitione tinctus. Hispan. Biblioth. Tom. 2.He was called the younger to distinguish him from the senior Bishop of Corduba, or from another Bishop of Siville his Predecessor.

He was the Archbishop of Sivill, the President of the Councel of Sivill in Spain, one of the most learned Writers which have been in the Church within this thou­sand years. B. Down. Defence of his Serm. l. 3. c. 4.

He hath learnedly interpreted almost all the Old and New Testament. He hath written twenty Books of Etymologies, wherein he hath not only shewed himself a Grammarian, but a compleat Artist.

Isidorus Theodosio juniore impe­ratore regnan­te claruit mo­nachorum Pelusiaci montis in Aegypto abbas, Chrysostomi Discipulus, & Cyrilli familiaris. Illyr. Catal. Ver. l. 5. Pelusiota, floruit anno 482. Bell. de Script. Eccles.

For his famous sanctity he was called by a peculiar name [...], that is, carrying God in him.

Nitidus & Comptus, & Palaestrae quam pugnae magis accomodatus, in inventione facilis, honesti studiosus: in compositione adeò diligens, ut cura ejus reprehendatur. Quintil. Instit. l. 18. c. 1. Omnium oratorum ela­boratissimus. Scalig. orat. 1. cont. Eras. Quo simplicius aut purius cogitari nihil potest. Lud. Viv. de trad. disc. l. 3. Isocrates.

He was very bashfull, and never spake in publick but once.

Tully cals him the father of eloquence, Dilher that Attick Syren.

Isocrates quidem suavitatem habuit, vim Demosthenes.

Notae Dounaei in 36. Hom. Chrysost. in Epist. prim. ad Corinth.

Henricus Isselburgius Professor and Pastor of Brema, Doctor in Divinity.

There is a Book of his published, styled

Digeries praecipuarum quarundam Controversiarum Theol.

John Juel Bishop of Salisbury, exile in Queen Maries time for the Profession of the Gospel. [...]ewellus An­glice sonat Gemmam, vel potius monile gemmis con­sertum: Et certe qui in illo viro in­signes animi dotes quibus tanquam im­mensi pretii Gemmis orna­tus est, spe­ctarit; fatea­tur necesse est, rarò cuiquam nominis signi­ficata aptiùs convenisse. Godw. De Praesul. Ang. Comment. Apologia ejus ab exteris piis summopere in pretio habita est, & in varias linguas, Germanicam, Hispanicam, Italicam, Gallicam transfusa. Humphred. in vita Juelli. Si spectetur ordo, nihil distributius: si perspicuitas, nihil lucidius: si stylus, nihil tersius: si verba, nihil splendidius: si r [...]s, nihil nervosius. Id. ibid. Apologia tua Ecclesiae Anglicanae non tantum mihi, cui omnia tua probantur & mirificè placent, omnibus modis & numeris satisfecit, verùm & jam Bullingero, ejusque filiis & generis, nec non Gualthero, & Wolphio, tam sapiens, mirabilis & eloquens visa est, ut ejus laudandae [...]ullum modum faciant, nec arbitrantur hoc tempore quicquam perfectius editum fuisse. & Mart. Juello.

He was born in Devonshire. John comes from the grace of God. Juel is the same in our Language with Gemma in Latine, as lately a learned Writer was called Gemma Frisius.

The Jewel of Bishops, the worthiest Divine that Christendom hath bred for some hundreds of years, saith incomparable Hooker. Doctor Hackwell. Apol. lib. 5.

Hardly is there any Controversie of importance handled at this day, of which in his Works is not to be found some learned and probable resolution.

His Apology was esteemed not only by the Tigurin [...]s, but by all Protestants. It was translated into the Germane, French, Italian, Spanish Tongue, and into the English by the Lady Anne Bacon, wif [...] to the Lord Chancellour Bacon.

The first part of it is an illustration of the true Doctrine, and a certain para­phrastical Exposition of the twelve Articles of our Christian faith. The second a succinct and solid Refutation of Objections.

He had at hand a great paper-book, as it were a rich treasury of Sciences, in which he wrote his divine and humane collections out of Poets, Philosophers and Divines. We call it a Common-place book.

Doctor Rainolds in his Letter to his friend concerning his advice for the study of Divinity, saith thus,

[Page 235]To [...]ching [...]ing, you k [...]ow, I do not like the common custom of Common-place Books. The best in my judgement is to note in the Margent, or in some pa­per-book for that purpose the Summe and Method of that which you reade.

In other little Books which he carried about with him (an Ephe [...]erides or Diary) he diligently wrote all the Apophthegmes and witty speeches, or jests which he heard from others, or observed any way, by which means he much increased his knowledge yearly.

He was very affable and courteous, amiable in his whole life, in speech witty and plea [...]ant, in his writings he is solid and yet f [...]cetious. He fled in Q. Maries dayes, and returned when Q. Elizabeth ruled.

Julian the Emperour, a Learned Prince, but an Apostate.

Quo tetrius magisque Deo s [...]mul & h [...]minibus exosum animal orbis vix vidit. Crak. Et genere no­bilissimo, & forma liberali, & ingenio ad litetas & ad arma accom­modato cele­bris statim à pu [...]ri [...]ia fuit. Christianos non tam vio­lentis persecu­tionibus quam dolis & per­suasionibus à veri [...]ate fidei abducere conatus est. Pezel Mellific Histor. part. 2. p. 273. Vide plura ibid. Cum oblata essent ei aliquando scri­pra Christianorum, quibu [...]efendebatur doct [...]ina Evangelii, deridens eam, sub [...]cripsi [...] haec verba [...], legi, intellexi, damnavi; sed respondi [...], nomine aliorum Episcoporum Basilius, [...]. Legisti, sed non intellexisti, s [...]eni [...] int [...]l [...]existes non damnesses. Pezel. ibid. Vide Crinitum De honesta Disciplina. l. 5. c. 10. E▪ Crakanth De Provid. Dei. De Provid. Dei.

He was given to Eusebius Bishop of Nicomedia to be instructed, of whom also he learned the Doctrine of the Church and was made a Reader in the Church of Nicomedia. But he was a hearer secretly of Libanius the Rhetorician, and was fa­miliarly acquainted with the most famous Philosophers of that time. He was drawn back by these by degrees to the Heathenish Religion.

He wrote Books against the Christians, and reproved their Doctrine, especially the prohibitions of revenge delivered, which, though they properly belong to private revenge, yet he wrested them for publick revenge, and he said by these, Magistrates, punishments, lawfull warres were taken away, and all the sinews of retaining humane Societies.

Ammianus Marcellinus commends his Temperance in meat and drink, and his continual watching, and the partition of the night into private, publick and di­vine offices.

He took away the great Gifts and holy Vessels which Constantine the Grea [...] had given to the Churches use, and Ministers maintena [...], with this scoff, See in what goodly vessels this Nazarite is served.

It was one of his scoffs when he robbed the Churches and the Christians, He did it that the Galileans (so he contumeliously called the Christians) might go more rea­dily to heaven.

He not onely killed the Christians, but scoffed at Christ himself and the Scri­ptures.

He had scarce raigned two years, when warring against the Persians, he was struck and mortally wounded with a Spear in that warre, as Nazianzen [...], Theodo­ [...], So [...]rai [...]s, Sozomen, and ot [...]ers [...]n [...]ore d [...]cent, and filling his hand with bloud, c [...]sting it into the air, he cried out, Vicesti Galilaee, Ita simul & victori [...]m confessus est, & blasphemiam evomit, saith Theodoret.

Franciscus Junius. Translatio illa Veteris Testamenti edita saeplus, & qu [...] hodie utuntur multi, magnum ipsi nomen pep [...]it. Verbeiden.

The glory of Leyden, the oracle of Textual and School Divinity, rich in Lan­guages, subtil in distinguishing, and in Argument invincible. D r Halls Dec. of Epist. Epist. 7.

He saith in his own Life written by himself, that he being once in the times of trouble very hungry, came by accident into the house of a Countreyman, and de­siring some food, he entertained him most courteously. Hic (ô sapientiam D [...]i ad­mirabilem) saith he, optimam scholam Christianitatis Dominus mens mihi paraverat. [...] discoursing together about the troubles for Religion. Sic effecit D [...]us admirabiliter (saith Junius) ut bonus rusticus sanctissim [...]m Zelum quem, habebat, operante Domino, mihi quasi insti [...], ego verò [...] Christianus, siq [...]idem Christianus, ei [...]cientia praelucerem. Vna & eadem hora suam gratiam in utroque [...]xplicavit & ostendit Deus: à me scientiam rustico, ab illo Zeli semina quaedam mihi [Page 236] ingenerans. And so being each of us some way bettered by the other we departed, saith Junius.

He is censured by Doctor Twisse Nihil ferè Junio magis familiare quam obscuri­ta [...]. Twissus A­nimad vers. in collat. cum Jun. as too obscure, but by Thuanus over­harshly, Vir desult [...]rio ingenio, qui multa conatus, an adsecutus sit quod molie­batur, doctorum erit judicium. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 79. from whom he is vindicated by Vossius.

His Works are in two Volumes in Folio.

Migravit ad Christum anno 1602.

His Son Francis Junius (whom I know well) hath written a learned Book D [...] Pictura veterum. Omnifariâ doctrina & generis splen­dore ornatissimus, Franciscus Junius Francisci filius affinis m [...]u [...]. Voss. De Orig. & Progressu Idol. l. 3. c. 5.7.

Hadrianus Junius a Physician.

Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l 61. Vir in quo omnia excel­lerent, Medi­cinae, Histo­riae, Antiqui­tatis peritia, ingenium ad Poeticem factum. Linguas praeter vernaculam septem tenuit, Graecam, Latinam, Italicam, Gallicam, Hispa­nicam, Germanicam, Anglicam. Meurs [...]i Athenae Batavae. Horrenda lectione sua, eruditione, & tot elegantis­simis scriptis, quibus Latinas Graecasqu [...] litteras illustravt, meritus est Hollandiae & litterarum post Erasmu [...] Phoenix appellari. Obiit anno M.D.LXXV. Middelburgi. Boxhorn. Theat. Holland.One of the great Lights of Holland, a [...] Erasmus also was.

Vir eruditissimus variaque lectionis. Ful. Miscel. l. 4. c. 5.

Fuit Medicus, Criticus, Poeta, Historicus exactissima antiquitatis cognitione egregiè claerus; linguarum plurium peritus. Melch. Ad. vit. Germ. med.

Many Monuments of his wit full of Learning witnesse his great ability.

His Nomenclator, six Books of Animadversions, Copia Cornu, and other Works.

Ptricius Junius, Patrick Young a Scotchman, a great Grecian.

Patritim Ju­nius homo ad literaturae omnis, dun­taxat Graecae beneficium natus. Pric. Not. in Apol. Apulaei.There is his

Caetena P [...]t. Graec. in Job Gr. Lat.

Clementis ad Corinthi [...]s Epistola, cum ejus not [...]s.

Fr. Juretus. L [...]mati judi­cii multae que lectionis vir Franciscus Juretus. Blondel. De [...]rmul. Reg [...] Christi. In vet. [...], [...]s [...].

He hath put out Notes on S [...]eca.

Christ. Justellus a learned Protestant.

He hath published these two excellent Works.

Codex Canonum Ecclesiae Affricanae.

Codex Canonum Ecclesiae Vniversae.

Justinianus Imperator m [...]gnus, vir magni & ex­cellentis inge­nii, locum in­ter Ecclesiasticos scriptores meritò acquisivit. Omnes Constitutiones principum quae in multis voluminibus ha­bebantur ad 12. libros redigens codicem appellavit. Quatuor etiam institutionum libros composuit, in quibus nucleus legum comprehenditur & [...]xponitur. Trithem. De Script. Eccles. Imperium adeptus anno Christi 527. Imperavit annis 38, sicut de illo scripserunt Evagr [...] l. 4. c. ult. & Marianus Scotus, ac Sigebertus Gemblacensis ad annum 527. Hic est ille Justinianus Imperator, cujus jussu collectae sunt leges, & volumina illa edita sunt Insti­tutionum, & Pandectorum, & Codicis, & Novellarum. Hic Italiam à Gothicis, & Africans à Vandalis recup [...] ­ravit. Z [...]orbes. Instruct. Hist. Theol. l. 3. c. 1. Vide Geneb. Biblioth. Pezel. Mellif. Hist. part. 2. & ult. Justinian the Emperour.

He was born at Prisdena in Sertia. He was most Orthodox in Religion, a most constant Defender of the true Doctrine against the Arians, Nestorians Eu [...]ychians and Manichees.

He wrote four Books of Institutions, in which the Summe of all the Romane Laws is briefly comprehended.

Of these Melancthons Distich is memorable.

[Page 237]
Continet hic tennis legum praecepta libellus.
Primaque Romani semina juris habet.

Augustinus Justinianus Episcopus Nebiae. Justiniaenus Genuensis sine dublo Roma­nensium om­nium doctissi­mus est. Vedel. Epist. Dedicat. ad Comment, de tempore utriu [...]que Episcopatus S. Apostoli Petri. Episcopus Nebi­ensis, qui Pialterium octaplum anno Christi 1516 in magno folio exc [...]sum Genuae edidit, ut inter praecipuas lin­guas ibi essent Hebraea, Chaldaea, Arabica, & Graeca Fuerat autem in totidem linguis daturus aliquando tota Biblia, nisi calamitosa morte ante tempus fuisset praereptus. Neand. Geog. part. 1.

Paulus Jovius saith, when he passed from Genua into the Corsick Island, he was thought to be drowned, or to be intercepted by Pyrates.

Sodalitatis praedicatorum eximius Theologus, Grae [...]is, Hebraeis, Arabis, Chaldais­que literis ornaetus, qui ex Graecis Hebraicisque Latinitati plurima donavit. Ingensque volumen histor [...]rum Genuensium lingua vernacula, cum insulae Corsica descriptione cona [...]dit. Leand. Albert Descript. tot. Ital. in Liguria.

Laurentius Justinian the Patriark of Venice was also of the same house.

Leonardus Justinianus. Fuit vir maxi­mi confilii pa­risque facun­diae. Juvenis ad huc versus lingua verna­cula p [...]urimos arte magna panxit: aetate vero confirmata dein eloquentissimus as litteratissimus evasit: neque so­lum [...]ratione soluta, verum etiam recitatione carminis sermone vernaculo mirifice delectatur, usque adeò ut inter aetatis suae doctissimos homines sit habitus, praeterquam quod eximius reipublicae consiliarius erat. Albert. Leand. Descript. Ital. in Venet.

His Family had the same felicity that the Curios had, that there were three fa­movs Orators of it, two Leonards, the Grandfather and the Grandchilde, and Bernard the Grandchildes sonne. Volat. Anthropol. l. 21.

Justin Martyr. Est vir ille ad Philosophiae tum nostrae, tum potissi­mum profanae summum e [...]e­ctus fastigi­um, multipli­cisque erudi­tionis, & hi­storiarum Copia circum­fluens. Photi [...] Bibliotheca. p. 309. Apologiam scripsit, cam­que Imperato­ri Pio obtulit, anno Christi centesimo quinquagesimo. Et in ea genus & nomen suum, religionemque Christia­nam prositetur, Justinum se esse dicens, Prisci Batti silium, Flaviae (quae nova civitas est Syriae Palestinae) ortum. Antequam verò Christianus fieret, sectator fuerat disciplinae Platonis, ut ipse de se testatur, in altera Apologia ad Senatum Romanum. Ubi etiam qua occasione adductus fuerit, ut de Christianis benignius sentire inciperet, tan­demque iis [...]e adjungeret, commemorat his verbis. Nam & ego ipse (inquit) Plato [...]is Disciplinae sectator, cum calumnicsè deterri Christianos audirem, intrepidè autem ad mortem, & alia quae terribilia esse censentur, [...]nis adire conspicerem, statui ipse mecum, fieri haud quaquam posse, ut illi in vitiorum pravitate & voluptate amore vi­verent. Forbes. Instruct. Hist. Theol. l. 1. c. 3. Vide R. Episc. Vsser. De editione LXX. Interp. p. 30.

A famous Philosopher, and a great Defender of Christian Religion, who first exhibited unto the Emperour Antoninus Pius, and to the Senate, an Apology in the Defence of the Christians, and afterward himself also died a Martyr.

He flourished in the Church after Christ about the year 150, so Zanchy. Others say 163.

He is the ancientest of the Fathers (whose writings remain) except Clement.

He lived in the very next Age to the Apostles, and Tertullian lived the next Age to him.

He was first allured to the Faith by the cruelty of Tyrants, and by the constancy and patience of Gods Saints.

In the year of Christ 163. he suffered Martyrdom for the faith under Mareus Aurelius Antoninus the Philosopher, and Lucius Verus Emperours.

His Works were printed in Greek and Latine by Commelinus Anno 1593.

Justin the Historian. Anno A [...]rae Christianae 138. Helv. Chron.

He lived under the Emperour Antoninus.

Junius Juvenal. Anno Ae [...] Christianae 96. Helv. Chron. Candidus, ac Satyrorum facile princeps. Nam ejus versus longe meliores quam Horatiani: sententi [...] acriores phrasis apertiot. Scalig. Hypercrit. c. 6. In taxandis moribus, nostrorum patrum memoria, primum locum habere putabatur adeo, ut is tunc d [...]ctior existimaretur, qui plures ejus versus memorites re [...]i [...]res. Lil. Gyrald. D [...] Poet. Histor. Dial. 4.

He is commended by learned men for the best Satyrist. That Censor morum liberrimus. He is a rare Poet, is testified by his Verse, flow­ing [Page 238] like a River, when the winde breaths gently, smooth besides the banks, strong in the current.

He was a true Philosopher, who with inimitable sweetnesse of Language, and majesty of Sentences, sets before our eyes the lovelinesse of virtue, and the defor­mity of vice. So the learned Sir Robert Stapleton in his Preface to his exact Transla­tion of Juvenals Satyrs.

Vit nobilis­atque doctissi­mus: Philo­sophus, Poeta, Rhetor & Theologus in­signis, & non minus conversatione, quam scientia Scripturarum Ecclesiae venerabilis. Biblioth. Hispan. Tom. 2. Sacerdos Hispanicus nobili genere natus, Constantiui magni temporibus. Scripsit quatuor Evangelia hexametris versibus, penè, ut ait Hieronymus, ad verbum transferens. Lil. Gyrald. De Poet Histor. Dial. 5. Juvencus Presbyter a Spaniard.

He flourished in Constantines raign, Anno Dom. 330.

He wrote four Books of Verses, in which he hath comprized the Evangelicall History.

CHAP. VIII.

K

BArth. Keckermannus.

Vir caetero quin eruditus, sed novello­rum scriptorum, quam antiquitatis studiosior. Voss. De Hist. Graec. lib. 2. cap. 13.He hath written almost on all Arts

All his Works are in two Volumes in Folio.

Thomas de Kempis, or Kempensis.

Nasnitur cir­ca annum M. CCC. LXXX. De Imitatione Christi. l. 4. verè aurei, non Latine solum sed Ger­manice, Belgicè, Hispanicè, Gallicè & Graecè saepius excusi. Nullus post sacros codices tam crebro fuit excusus libellus, nullus tam cupidè ab omnibus expetitus & lectitatus, a summis, mediis, & infimis. Swertii A­thenae Belgica. Valeri And. Biblioth. Belg.His Book De Imitatione Christi is translated into sundry Languages.

He is translated into the Turkish Language. A Merchant going to Algiers in Mauritania to redeem some Captives from their miserable slavery, found this Au­thour translated, and by the King wonderfully enriched with pearls, and kept (as he saith) in a more glorious Cabinet then ever Alexander kept his Homer in.

Liber quotidianarum paginarum erat ei Thomae à Kempis divinum opusculum de Imitatione Christi, de quo in libro de Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis, Ego, inquit, ab adolescentiâ mea, & usque ad senectam hoc Opusculum saepissimè volvi & revol­vi usum per mihi novum apparuit, & nunc etiam mirificè cordi meo sapit. Fuli­gattus in vita Bellarmini.

Aureus ille De Christi imitatione libellus, & non modò de manibus nunquam depo­nendus, fed & ad verbum ediscendus, tanquam pietatis myrothecium, ut jure omnium gentium linguis bodiè legatur. Aubert. Miraei Elog. Belg. Vide plura ibid.

Joh. K [...]plerus a famous Mathematician.

He hath put out many Works that way.

Vir ingenio, industria, & (quod omnium instar) foelicitate inventorum, Admira­bilis, saith D r Ward of him in his Preface to the Reader before his Inquisitio in Bul­liald. Astronomiae Philolaicae Fundamenta.

Jacobus Kimedoncius, he was Professour at Heidelberg in the Palatinate.

He wrote De verbo Dei.

De Redemptione generis humani.

De Divina Praedestinatione.

Oratio lugubris in obitum Jo. Casmiri.

[Page 239] R. David Kimchi, a most learned Rabbin, and deadly enemy to Christians.

The King of Grammarians. Broughton of the ten first Fathers. Vir talis, qui, quod litteram, quod Histori­am, quod de­ri [...]ur idioma­ [...] [...]cum a [...] ­tinc [...] pluri­mum [...] an militatis [...] adferat. Nonne ex solo ipsius libro Radicum sole clarius ipsius Ebraica eruditio solidissima refulget? Ce [...] suo Michlol omnem laudem est supergressus. Dilbor. Disput. Acad. Tom 1. David Kimchius, author, [...] doctus, ita (nisi ubi nimio in Christianos zelo praeceps rapitur) sobrius & gravis. Pocock. Not. Miscel in Porta [...] Mosis cap. 4. Nomen est fa­miliae quae tres viros insignes habeit, Josephum, viz. Patrem & Davidem Mosemque si [...]ius: quo [...]um ute [...]que gram­maticam edidit, sed ille plenissimè scripsit de hac arte, quem Christiani doctores plurimum sequantur. Drus. Not. in Tetrag.

He hath styled his Grammatical Work Michlol.

Liber Radicum, that Book of his roots or Hebrew Lexicon is Hebraica litera [...] locupletissimus thesaurus.

Comment in Psalmos 10. priores.

There is he and other Rabbins upon the lesser Prophets.

Adversus Christianos.

R. Moses Kimchi.

There is his Introductio aed sapientiam cum Exposit. D. Eliae & annot. Const. L'Em­pereur Hebraicè & Lat. 80.

Athanasius Kircherus, a learned Germane Jesuite now living at Rome. Athanasius Kir­cheus Germa­nus vir è Soci­etate Jesu eru­ditionis oppido magnae. Is per­hibetur exi­miè callere Hieroglyphi­corum myste­ria. Gassend. De vita Pei­reskii. l. 4.

He hath written these Works,

Lingua Aegyptiaca restituta.

Prodromus coptus sive Aegyptiacus.

Consule eruditissimum de magnete opus Athanasii Kircheri. Musaeum Wormianum l. 1. Sect. 2. c. 9.

Conradus Kircherus.

His Greek Concordance of the Old Testament is much esteemed, entitled

Concordantiae Veteris Testamenti Graecae Hebraeis vocibus respondentes.

Petrus Kirstenius a great Arabist of Germany.

He hath published divers things about the Arabick Tongue.

John Knewstub a Learned Divine.

There are his Lectures on Exod. 20.7. first 17. vers. on 1 Cor. 13. v. 4, 5, 6, 7. on Gal. 3. v. 10. on 3 Joh. v. 16. on Mat. 6. v. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13.

Answer unto certain Assertions.

Confutation of monstrous and horrible heresies taught by H.N. and embraced of a number, who call themselves of the Family of Love.

John Knox a learned Scotch Divine.

Johannes Major a famous Scotchman also was his Master. The King of Scotland said, He was a good man, and that he was more afraid of his prayer then of a great Army.

Beza and Calvin write several Epistles to him; Calvin three, and Beza two. Calvin cals Knox and Goodman his Brethren, and excellent men.

He had a Prophetick Spirit, by which he fore-told many things that came to passe afterwards, as De Eccles. qu. 5. c. 13. Whitaker observes.

He was the Restorer of the Gospel among the Scots.

His Sermons and other English Works are mentioned by Maunsell in his Ca­talogue.

Albertus Krantzius, or Crantzius.

A man, as of an excellent Spirit, Decessit eo­dem anno quo Lutherus nun­dinationem indulgentia­rum reprehen­dere coepit. Melch. Ad. In ejus vita. so of farre greater Place and Authority in Germany then Luther was, and one that from as earnest detestation of the Romish Churches pride and insolencies, notified as great a desire of Reformation, as Lu­ther, yet thought he should have but lost his labour in oppugning the greatnesse whereto it was grown. The same Bishop a little before his death being made ac­quainted with Luthers purpose; after approbation of his good intents to reform the abuse of Indulgenees, burst into these despairing speeches of his good successe, Frater, frater, abi in cellam, & dic, miserere mei Deus. D r Jacks. on the Creed first Vol. l. 1. c. 30.

There are his Works in two Volumes mentioned by Melch. Ad.

CHAP. IX.

L

LActantius Firmianus, Anno Dom. 300.

He was Tutor to Constantines Sonne Crispus, but that was (as Hierom saith) in extrema senectute.

He was so poor, that many times he wanted even necessaries. Geneb. out of Euseb. Chron.

Hic est Cicero Christianorum quemadmodum Cyprianus eorundem Caesar. Alsted. Encyclop. l. 32. c. 7.

Institutionum divinarum opus, sub Diocletiano aggressus est, ut ipse testatur libro quinto, capite quarto, & tempore Constantini magni edidit, ad ipsum Constantinum sermone converso. Forbes. Instruct. histor. Theol. l. 7. c. 8.

Quem obsecro ad pictatem accendit Lactantius? atque nihil eo nitidius. Dicas Chri­stianum Ciceronem loqui, quanquam ille non tractat Scripturas, sed cum Ethnicis digladi tur. Eras. Epist. l. 27. Epist. 38. Inter omnes Patres audit Ciceronianus. Ames. Bell. Enerv.

He was called Firmianus from his Countrey Firmi or Firmii a Town of the Pi­cenes in Italy, Lactantius à lacteo eloquentiae flumine, solidiorique orationis genere. Wolfii Lect. mem. Cent. 5.

Arnobii discipulus, & quidem similis fortunae. Nam utramque ex Oratoriae artis professione religionis Christianae doctorem evasisse, ex Hieronymo constat. Voss. Hist. Pelag. l. 3. part. 1. Thes. 1.

Edidit pri­mus omnium Evangelicorum Commentarios in Apocalypsin. Pezel. Mellif. Histor. Franciscus Lambertus. There is his Commentary on the Revelation.

Dionysius Lambinus.

A learned man and a Protestant, say some, though Thuanus Hist. Tom. 3. l. 52. V [...]de [...]caev Samarth. Elog. Gal. make him a Papist.

He hath commented well on Lucretius, Horace, Plautus, Turnebus often ho­nourably mentions him in his Adversaeria.

Dionysius Lambinus vir omnibus literis egregiè doctus & Graecè & Latinè impri­mis eruditus, & nunc linguae Graecae professione Parisiense gymnasium ornans. Turneb. Advers. l. 11. c. 26.

Quem Belga­rum op [...]imum, doctissimumque initio operis de constantia Justus Lipsius appellar. Vossius De vitiis sermonis, l. 4. c. 33. Carolus Langius.

Joannes Langius, a learned Physician of Germany,

He was born Anno 14 [...]5. Reliquit mo­numenta in­genii sui egre­gia, referta eruditione, & rerum scitu dignissimarum explicatione varia & rara inter quae principem. locum tenet Epistolarum medicinalium opus miscellaneum, in senecta ab ipso scri­ptum: cujus lectio non solùm medicinae; sed omnis etiam naturalis historiae studiosis plurimum emolumenti sit allatura. Melch. Ad. in ejus vita, & Boissardi Icones. Illustrissimi Principis Pulatini Rheni Medicus, cujus extant Epistolarum medici­nalium Tomi duo ab Oporino nostro Basileae impressi, opus stupendum, eruditum, vari­um, Medicum, Physicum, Phylologicum, planéque tale ut ob rerum in illo opere pul­cherrimarum, variarum ac scitu dignissimarum copiam, non solum medicinae candidatis, sed etiam omnibus eruditae ac Philologicae doctrinae studiosis, plurimum sit emolumenti allaturum. Extat etiam ejusdem medicum de Repub. symposium, ejusdem planè argu­menti cum Epistolis medicinalibus. Neand. Geog. part. 1.

Steph. Anglus Pari­siensis Doctor, ejusdemque Gymnasii Cancellarius, in Philosophia Aristotelica nulli suo tempore secundus habitus est. Scholasti­cam (que) Theologiam subtilissimè docuit, demum Cardinalis & Archiepiscopus Cantuariensis effectus, non inferiori studio divinis impalluit. Plura quam quisquam alius volumina publicavit, quae in aerates perstabunt. Nomenclat. Sanctae Romanae Eccles. Cardinalium. Langton, a learned Englishman.

[Page 241] Hubertus Languetus.

Non minus doctrina, quam diuturna totius Europae peragratione clarus. Bod. Meth. Hist. c. 4. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 74.

Thomas Lansius.

His Consultatio de principatu inter provincias Europae is a learned Work.

Cornel. à Lapide, a Jesuite of Flanders. He publickly taught the Hebrew, Exstant ejus Commentarii in Pentateu­chum, Pro­phetas majo­res & mino­res, Proverbia, Ecclesiasten, Cantica; totum N.T. Sed quid in iis desideremus breviter dicemus. 1. Interpretationes Pontisiciotum suorum, & Patrum non semper omnes refert. 2. Nostrorum rara refert, aut non ex professo: aut sicubi hoc faciat, tantum occasionem quaerit calumniae. 3. In plurimis locis difficillimis & illustri ac prolixo Commentario illustrandis, saepe jejunus est, imo mutus magis quam piscis. 4. In philologicis sacris hospes est, & consequenter admodum parcus, inprimis etiam in Hebraea, caeterisque Orientalibus, & consequenter in illarum linguarum idiotismis, elegantiis, antiquitatibus. 5. In moralibus & practicis, postillisticas quisquilia [...], & carbones pro thesauris, ex Discipulo de tempore, legendis, vitis patrum, & similibus sabularum promis condis, plerumque obtrudit. Voet. Biblioth. Studios. Theol. l. 2. c. 4. and expounded the Scriptures at Lovaine more then twenty years.

He hath Commented almost on all the Scripture.

He was of very low stature, as I have heard from one that (I think) saw him, and so I finde him described in Valeri Andreae Bibliotheca Belgica, Pusillus quidem corpore, at ingenio magnus fuit.

Johannes Graecorum ferè omnium, qui Othomannicis armis patria pulsi in Italiam confugerunt, nobilissimus atque doctissimus fuit. Paul. Jov. Elog. Doct. Vir. Lascares.

Lud. Juellus in libro in Pro­verbia multi­plicem & va­riam lectio­nem, & do­ctrinam re­conditam ag­novit, ita ut nihil in eo genere putavit extare cum eo conferendum, ingenuè confessus so multa illius sapientissimi Regis proverbia tum demùm intellexisse, quae antea ignorabat. Lavaterus.

A Learned and diligent Preacher of the Church at Zurick.

His Book de Spectris, hath been often published in Latine, High Dutch, Low Dutch, French, Italian.

He first got himself a name by this Book.

Perlegi Lavateri Doctissime: non sine voluptate & fructu, eruditissimum libellum tuum de Spectris. Placet argumentum, sententia tua, methodus, perspicuitas. Zanch. Epist. l. 2. Lavatero.

He hath Commented upon Ezekiel, Ecclesiastes and Esther, Ruth, Nehemiah

Jo. Baptista Laurus. He hath written two Centuries of Epistles.

Theatri Rom. orchestra, de viris illustribus.

Jacobus Laurentius, a Learned Minister of Holland.

In his singular Tractate intituled Reverentia Ecclesiae Romana erga S. Patres veteres subdola D r Featlies Stricturae ad Lyndomastigem.

He hath Commented upon the Epistle of James, both the Epistles of Peter, hath written in loca difficiliora Epist. Pauli.

Gaspar Vir pietatis & doctrinae haut vulgaris. Lectius De vi­ta Sadeelis. Laurentius.

These Works of his are published,

Observatio de publicis disput. de Religione.

De natura in Sacramentis, cum Christi Jesu Conjunctione.

Jacobus Elegiaco carmine tres Psalmorum Libros inte­gros, cum Threnis & Canticis felici carmine reddidit; ut patruo suo illo Jacobo Latomo Theologo (cujus & scripta omnia una volu­mine edenda Lovanii typis Barth. Gravii curavit) non indignus cognatus fuerit, & heres. Aub. Mir. Elog. Belg. Latomus, Pater sive Senior, an eloquent and learned man, most skil­full in three Languages.

He wrote two Dialogues de trium Linguarum & studii. Theologici ratione.

And divers other Works.

Jacobus Latomus, filius sive Junior.

He turned some of the Psalms into verse.

[Page 242] Hugh Latimer, sometimes Bishop of Worcester, Martyr.

Honestissi­mus simul & doctissimus Vir Gulielmus Latymerus. Paceus lib. de fructu qui ex doctrina percipitur.There is his Conference with Ridley, and his Sermons.

Johannes Latius, or de Laet.

De hujusmodi rebus solus ferme recte judicare po­test, pro lin­guarum cog­nitione qua valet, & in­signi ac sin­gulari Histo­riarum & Graeciae peritia, qua caeteris praecellit. Constant. L' Empereur Praefat. ad Itin. Benjam. Olaus Wormius in his Museum Wormianum often honourably mentions him.

He hath put out the work of the severall Commonwealths.

Americae, seu novi orbis descriptio cum Tabulis.

Hispania, sive de Regis Hispaniae regnis, & oppibus Comment.

A learned Tractate de Gemmis & Lapidibus.

De Imperio magni Mogolis. Novus Orbis, seu descriptionis Indiae Occidentalis, l. 18.

Persia, seu Regni Persici status.

Pierre De Launey, a French Gentleman.

He hath written upon all Pauls Epistles in two Volumes in French, in quarto.

The same man (by another name) hath written on Daniel and the Reve­lation.

Wolfgangus Fuit nostra­tium medi­corum decus egregium, philologus, historicus, Romanarum & Ge [...]mana [...]ū rerum scri­ptor celebris, antiqui [...]atis indagator fidelis: professor in Academia patriâ, primùm attium liberalium: deinde medicinae per a [...]nos novemdecim continuos. Melch. Adam Vit. Germ. Medic. Lazius.

He hath published

Com. Reipub. Rom.

De gentium aliquot migrat.

De Bello Turcico.

De rebus Graecis.

Rerum Viennensium lib. 4. with other Tracts.

Jac. Natione Hispanus vir suit ingenii & doctrinae magnitudine. Nobilissimus. Biblioth. Script. Societ. Jes. A Philippe Alegambe edita. Ledesma.

He hath written a book De divinis Scripturis in quavis lingua non legendis.

Legenda.

Vulgò dicitur Legenda seu historia Lon­gobardica. Neand. De Legendae auteae (au­thore Jacobi de Voragine) in ipsa Hispania à Ludovico Vive. de Caus. corrupt. art. l. 2. & Melchiore Cano de loc. Theol. l. 11. c. 6. jamdudum lata est sen [...]entia, ferrei oris eum virum fuisse, atque plumbei cordis. Episc. Usser. De Britannic. Eccles. Primord. c. 1.It was called Aurea Legenda, the golden Legend, by the Papists, for the ex­cellency that it seemed to have above all other stories.

It contains a report of the Lives and Miracles of the Saints, a book written by a man of a leaden heart for the basenesse of the errours that are without wit or rea­son, and of a brasen forehead, for his impudent boldnesse in reporting things so fabulous and incredible.

Lelandus ge­nere Britan­nus in suae gentis anti­quioribus monumentis proferendis homo apprimè diligens. Buchan. Rerum Scotic. Hist. l. 2. Ego quidem in­gentem numerum scriptorum tractantium res Britannicas diligenter excussi. Lel. Comment. In Cign. Cant. Jo. Lelandus, a famous Antiquary.

He wrote four books de viris illustribus, sive de scriptoribus Britannicis: It is pity it is not printed. That Manuscript is in Oxford Library.

Hoc opus magna diligentia, cura, & labore congessimus, atque adeò jam in tomos quatuor digessimus, ne Britanniae nostrae, fama tot eruditorum, & elegantium scri­ptorum deperiret. Quotus enim quisque est hac nostra aetate, vel inter eruditos, qui rectè norit quos literarum flores Britanniae hortus protulerit. Certè ut ingratitudinis notam multi in hac parte [...]luant, nunquam profectò desidiae maculam abstergent. Le­landi Comment. In Cygneam Cantionem.

[Page 243] Civis Londinensis sum, nec me patriae paenitet meae. Speroque aliquando futurum, ut nec illam sui qualiscunque poeniteat alumni.

Nulli nota magis domus est sua, quàm mihi certè
Omnia Londini sunt monumenta mei. Id. ibid.

There are some of his Works published,

Assertio inclytissimi Arturi Regis Britanniae.

Genethliacon Edw. 6 ti.

Cignaea Cantio, with a Comment, which is his best book printed. He himself in his Peroration saith thus of it, Jam praestiti quod sum pollicitus, & Commentarii qualeseunque mei in Cygneam cantionem prodeunt, opusculum ex penetralibus recon­ditae, & sacrosanctae antiquitatis religiosè erutum, & diligentia, cura, fide quanta potui planè maxima in lucidum ordinem redactum.

Lavinus Lemnius Excellenti Medicus in­genio, forma (que) egregia, ut vel aspectu suo & elo­quentia aegros recrearet. Scripsit ele­ganti stilo varia omnium artium Candidatis apprimè utilia. Melch. Adam. in ejus vita., a Learned Physitian.

He wrote,

Explanationem similutudinum, quae ex fructibus herbisque in sacris bibliis de­sumuntur.

De habitu & constitutione corporis.

De occultis naturae miraculis, ac variis rerum documentis libros quatuor, multipliei eruditione refertos, with others.

Leo Hebraeus. There was also Leo Judae, Ebraicae lin­guae peritissimus. Pezel. Mellif. Histor. Vide Biblia.

Fortasse Mutiensis qui scripsit de ritibus Hebraeis.

Leo the first Pope. Leo Papa pri­mus fuit Ec­clesiasticae dictionis Tul­lius, sacrae Theologiae Homerus, rationum fidei Aristoteles, authoritatis Apostolicae Pe [...]rus, & in Christiano pulpito Paulus. Trithem, de Scriptor. Eccles.

A Learned man but proud enough Leo M. primus Episcopus fuit Romanus, & quidem ambitiosissimus. Cham. de Oecumen. Pontif. l. 3. c. 4.

His Works are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue.

Leo decimus, Leo Decimus Angeli Poli­tiani discipu­lus, eleganti­um litterarum amantissimus, ipse quoque eleganter do­ctus. Sub hoc Pontisice Ci­ceroniana va­luit eloquen­tia: nam illi priores non­dum eo condescenderant. Camp. de Imit. Rhetor. c. 31. Joannes Medices Cardinalis, qui postea Leo Papa An­gelum Politianum à prima aetate institutorem habuit, Picoque Mirandulano, Marsilio Ficino familiariter usus est, unde tantus ei literatu [...]ae politioris amor, non solum enim elegantissimas Epistolas, quae ad manum sunt, con­scripsit, sed & poetica laude clarus habitus est, cum referente Jobo nullo negotio, versus ex tempore funderet: nec minus ei literae quam Nicolao 5 to debent. Nomenclat. Sanctae Rom. Eccles. Card. Bembum, Sadoletum, Li­lium Gregorium Gyraldum in famu [...]is habuit. Joannem Lastarem in Graeciam misit, ut omnibus ibi Bibliothecis excussis Vaticanam repleret, cui Philippum Beroaldum juniorem donec majores illi pararet honores praefecit. Id ib. Vide Platinam de vitis P [...]ntificum Romano [...]um, & Pier. Valcrian. De Litteratorum in [...]aelicitate. l. 1. Leo the tenth, Anno Dom. 450.

As one whose birth and education was noble, he adorned the Papacy with many good parts which he brought into it, amongst which were his singular Learning in humanity, goodnesse, and a marvellous sweet manner in treating of affairs, together with a pleasing behaviour, more then humane, joyned with incompa­rable liberality, and a great inclination to favour those that were Learned, and endowed with any extraordinary quality; which vertues were not found in that Sea of a long time before, neither equall nor near unto his. And he would have been a Pope absolutely compleat, if with these he had joyned some knowledge in things that concern Religion, and some more propension unto piety, of both which he seemed carelesse. Hist. of the Counc. of Trent, l. 1. parag. 12.

He was son unto Laurence Medices, and had to his great grandfather Cosmus, that was the great honour of that House. Leo was made Cardinall when he was but thirteen years old: his successor was Adrian the 6 th a Hollander. Sleid. Comment. l. 3. p. 34.

[Page 244]He died at Rome in the year of his age 47, of his Popedome the 8 th.

He departed not without the suspicion of poysoning.

Paulus Jovius hath written four Books de vita Leonis decimi. See his 3 d and 4 th books especially.

There is a medall, where there is Leo the tenth of one side of it, and Roma aeterna on the other, and this a little before the rise of Luther.

Leo Imperator. His Works are in Greek and Latine.

There are his Tactica, sive de re militari, cum notis Jomeursii. Canticum compun­ctionis, and other Works.

Joannes Leo of Africa.

A man for his fidelity, amongst the Learned in the Eastern Languages and Hi­stories of very good esteem.

There is his Geographicall description of Africa.

Nicolaus Leonicenus, a Learned Physitian.

He taught above 60 years at Ferraria, and lived till 96. He said, Se viridi vegetaque uti senecta, quiae castam juventutem virili aetati tradidisset.

There is his

Quaestio de tribus doctrinis ordinariis.

De falsa quarundam herbarum inscriptione à Plinio.

De morbo Gallico, and other Works.

Cujus etiam­num extant Dialogi de­cem Academicorum more Confecti, de varia praeteres historia libri tres in multa capita divisi jucundissimi lectu, & ad utriusque linguae historiarum multiplicem cognitionem apprimè conducibiles. Neand. Geog. parte 1. Nicolaus Leonicus Thomaeus, a Learned Venecian.

Leonardus Natione Belga, in Bra­bantia tenui loco natus. Lessius, Anno salutis 1554.

He hath written De Justitia Hoc opus omnibus nu­meris absolu­tum implevit orbem terrarum fama & fructu. Biblioth. Scriptorum. Soc. Jesu. A Philippo Alegambe edita. In Jure utroque, Mathematicis disciplinis, medicâ, Historica, ac Graecanicae in primis linguae peritiâ, nullo ufus magisto. Valeri Andreae. Biblioth. Belg. & Jure, and other subjects.

He hath written a book entituled Consultatio quae fides & Religio sit Capessenda, which was translated into English.

It is answered by Meisuer, but better by Henricus Brandius in his Examon Consultationis Lessianae.

R. Levi Ben Gerson.

He hath written a Commentary on the Proverbs of Solomon.

Industrius ac fidelis harum rerum scri­ptor. Thuan. hist. Tom. 1. l. 12. Leoncla [...]ius in erudito opere, quod Pandecten Historiae Turcicae inscripsit. Voss. De vitiis Sermonis l. 2. c. 10. Jo. Lewenclaius, a Learned and famous man, who hath translated many of Gregory Nazianzens Works into Latine, and added Greek expositions, translated also by him.

He hath written severall Treatises,

Juris Graeco-Rom. tam Canonici quam Civ. To. 2.

Historiae Musulmanae Turcarum cum aliis Tractat. and many other Treatises.

Libaniu [...] the Sophister was born at Damascus. A very eloquent man.

Many of his Greek Orations were printed at Rome in one Volume, among which also there is one, which contains the Elogy and Encomium of Julian the Apostate his Scholar.

There be many Epistles of his to Basill, and his answers again to him.

Library.

Chrysologus saith, a good Library is the only Paradise in the world.

Some Bibliothecae Alexandrinae instructissimae in qua studio ac sumptibus Prolomaei Philadelphi laudatissimi principis deposita fuerunt, in omni doctrinarum ac linguarum eruditarum genere voluminum septingenta millia manuscripta, Biblia etiam Graeca ac Hebraea, a septuaginta duobus interpretibus Judaeis Graece conversa & aureis literis descripta, meminêrę, tùm multi alii Graeci & Latini scriptores, tum etiam inter caeteros Gellius, Livius, Seneca, Galenus, Josephus & Epiphaniu [...]. Neand. Geog. part. 3. Vide Rev. Episc. Usser. Annal. 4437. much commend that famous Library of Ptolomeus Philadelphus at [Page 245] Alexandria: Rama Ergo floren­tissima biblio­theca illa à Cosmo insti­tuta, à Laurentio non solum tabulis & signis excellentium artificum, sed tot tantisque Latinorum Graecorumque virorum vigiliis & monimentis ornata, publicis studiosorum desideriis, tam grandibus impensis dicata, omnes orbis bibliothecas longissime superavit. Rami Mathemat. praefat. 3 tia. highly extols that of Cosmo de Medicis at Florence: Some magnifie the Popes Vaticane at Angel. Rocc. Biblioth. Apost. Vatic. Rome. Others, and justly, that of ours in James. praefat. ad Catal. & Wake Rex Platon. Ox­ford.

Paulus Gualdus in the Life of Pinellus much commends his Library. Bibliotheca ejusdem, quae inter omnes penè Italicas, ac fere dixerim Europaeas, una eminebat. Quinquaginta annorum opus fuit, magni ex eo sal [...]em aestimandum, quod accuratissi­mus vir in illud unum contulerit curas suas omnes & cogitationes: Librorum nume­rum mihi incompertum, ex eo investigare quis poterit, quod Neapolim post ejus obitum capsae librariae plus minus centenae tricenae delatae sunt.

Lipsius hath written a book De Bibliothecis.

And Angelus Roccha at the end of his Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana hath an Appendix, De Bibliothecarum Inventione & Incremento.

Duncanus Liddelius, a Scottish Doctor of Physick.

He hath put out these Works,

Ars Medica.

De Febribus.

De Diaeta.

He was an eminent Professour of the Mathematicks, Scholar to Tycho Brahe.

Fridericus Lidembruchius. Vir eruditis­simus, & propter sin­gularem mo­rum probitatem mihi Charissimus. Casaub. in Capitolin.

He hath written Observations upon Ammianus Marcellinus, and also Observa­tions upon Jornandes, Isidore and Paulus Diaconus.

John Lightfoot.

A Learned Doctor of Divinity, A Stafford­shire man. well skilled in the Hebrew Text and the Rab­bines, as his divers Learned Works shew.

Harmony on the Old Testament.

Harmony of the New Testament.

On the Acts.

Temple Service.

Miscellanies, and Sermons.

Gulielmus Lilius. Summo vir ingenio & doctrina, cum suae novae Scholae, quam Londini erexerat, primum praeceptorem elegerit, in qua annos quindecim docendo se exercuit, scripsit compendium Grammaticae per utile. Lil. Gyrald. de Poet. nostri temporis Dial. 2.

One of the prime Poets of those times.

Insignem ex optimis literis laudem tulit Gulielmus Lilius, qui primus cives suos Latinè, atque disertè loqui feliciter docuit. Pauli Jovii Britannia.

Thomas Linacer vel Linacrus, an Englishman. He was the Physitian of Henry the 8 th, and Master to Prince Arthur. Homo prae­cellentis judi­cii, qui inter multa praecla­ra opera collegium medicorum Londini, anno 1525. instituit. Caius de lib. prop. In arte Grammatica Thomas Linacer, à quo multa sunt Latinae linguae mysteria ostensa, ac fine impietate prodita. Lud. Viv. de Tradend. Discip. lib. 3. Quem Jo. Claymundus Comment. in librum C. Plinii. 7. c. 51. Anglorum praecipuum lumen ac singulare decus vocat. Middendorpius pro Cantabrigiensi habendum censuit, quem Collegii omnium animarum Socium fuisse Oxoniae Archiva testantur. Twine Antiq. Acad. Oxon. Apol. l. 3. Linacro ingresso Vaticanam Bibliothecam Ro­mae, & Graecos, codices evoluenti, supervenit Hermolaus Barbarus, ad pluteumque humaniter accedens, non tu her­cle, inquit, studiose ho [...]pe, uti ego planè sum, Barbarus esse potes, quòd lectissimum Platonis librum (is erat Phaedrus,) diligenter evoluas. Ad id Linacru [...] laeto ore respondit, Nec tu sacrate heros, alius esse jam potes, quàm illi fama notus Patriarcha Italiorum Latinissimus. Ab hac amicitia (uti casu evenit, feliciter conflata) egregiis demum voluminibus ditatus, in Britanniam rediit: datusque est praeceptor Arcturo Regis filio cui dicatam Procti [...]phaeram legimus. Paul. Jov. Elog. Doctorum Virorum.

A great Physitian and Grammarian, excellency skilled in Greek and Latine. [Page 246] He eloquently turned many of Galens Works into Latine, Galeni nitidissimus in­terpres. He put forth an excellent Work a little before his death, de emendata structura Latini Sermonis.

Linacer Grammaticorum doctissimus. Beza in Act. 10. v. 15.

Gulielmus Lindanus. Gulielmus Lindanus ex illustri, apud Dordrechten­ses Lindano­rum familia ortus, plurima scripsit, quorum bene longum Catalogum videre est apud Andream Valerium & Franciscum Swertium in Athenis Beligicis. Boxhorn. Theat. Holland.

He was born at Dort in Holland. He was commended by Gregory the 13 th in the Conclave of Cardinals.

Petrus Poeta lau­reatus & clarus, in suo rerum me­morabilium Commentario. Olai Wormii literatura Danica cap. 6. Lindebergius.

He hath put out

Hist. rerum in Europa gestarum. Poemata.

Aloysius Lippomanus.

Erat alicu­jus certe eruditionis, magnae vir industriae & laboris, sed judicii nullius vel prudentiae. Montacut. Antidiat. ad c. 6, 7. Vide plura ibid.He hath published

Catena in Gen.

In Psalmos 10 Priores.

De Sanctorum Historiis.

Justus Lipsius. He was born at Bruxels.

Antiquas Le­ctiones con­scripsit, quae in Plauto potissimùm emendando versantur. Cor­nelium deinde Tacitum, hi­storicum om­nium pruden­tissimum, in manus sumsit, notisque pri­mùm Colo­niae illustravit: quem scripto­rem neque notum satis antea, neque luce aut me­dicina digna donatum, bono publico ipse produxit, Plenum postea Commentarium Lugdun. Batavis adjecit. Placuit is labor universae Europae: & multi deinde, quasi muscae, ad odorem bonae famae convolarunt, atque in eodem mustaceo, quod dicitur, lau­ream quaesiverant. In his M. Antonius Muretius, Josias Mercerus, Ludovious Aurelius, Galli; Curtius Pichena, Julius Salinerius, Annibas Scotus, Itali; Emanuel Sarmientus Mendoza, Hispanus; Janus Gruterus, Belga; Savillus, Britan­nus, alii. Aubert. Miraei Elogium Justi Lipsit. Enim verò quid tesellato Politicorum opere sublimius, quid illo De una Religione Commentario divinius? Id. ibid. Vide plura ibid. Justus Lipsius brevem, sed auream, ut de aliis ferè omnibus solet, Epistolicam institutionem suis dictavit Adolescentibus. Possev. Biblioth. Select. Tom. 2. l. 18. c. 1. Cui homini sane plurimum debet Tacitus, solertissimo ingenio, diligentia, judicio, ab eo correctus, illustratus. Quod necesse est agnoscant & fateantur etiam inviti, qui tanti viri singulari eruditioni invide & maligne detrahunt. Merceri Not. in Tac. Criticorum phosphorus nitidissimus J. Lipsius. Dilh. Disput. Acad. Tom. 1. Critico­rum superioris seculo princeps. Meibom. Maecen. c. 3.

He put out Variarum lectionum libri when he was scarce 19 years old, he cals it ingenii sui tyrocinium.

Some much commend his Politicks, others think he is much beholding to others for it. Cest Juste Lipse, qui n'a rien mis du sien dans ses Politiques que des adverbes & des conjonctions. Apologïe Pour M. De Balzak.

Thompson in his Vindex veritatis adversus Justum Lipsium, saith thus of his Diva virgo Aspricollis. Hic tuus truncus non magis est Diva, non magis est Virgo, quam tu Justus, etsi illi Divae & Virginis nomen dedisti, tibi Justi arrogasti. Habeat ergo uterque suum: sit illa truncus tu Jodocus.

What pity is it, that so high a wit should in the last act be subject to dotage. All the masculine brood of that brain we cherished, and (if need were) admired: but these his silly. Virgins, the feeble issue of distempered age, who can abide? D r Hals Dec. Epist. 5.

When he lay a dying he prayed thus: ô mater Dei adsis famulo tuo cum tota aeter­nitate decertanti, nec me deseras in ista hora, à qua pendet aeternae animae meae salus. Miraeus. Drexellius. Melch. Ad. and he cried out, Domine Jesu, da mihi patientiam Christianam.

Henry Stevens hath written a Book De Lipsii Latinitate.

Steph. De Lipsii Latinitate Palaestra 1 a p. 144, 145, 146.He reckons up there tres seculi nostri Ciceromastiges Angelus Politianus, Deside­rius Erasmus and Lipsius. To Lipsius that is objected (saith he) Quod Cicero­nis stylum non satis aptum. Scribendis Epistolis dixerit. Praeterea laudantur ab ipso Epistolae Politiani, qui primus inter Ciceromastiges collocatur. His accedit, quòd [Page 247] Ciceronianistas (qui vulgo Ciceroniani vocantur) ac nominatim Petrum Bembum, alicubi insectatur. Sibi gloriam famamque quaesivit, ac mu [...]torum in se studia di­ctionis novitate, convertit: illud enim Latine scribendi genus induxit, quod proprium est suum, nec aliorum: & quemadmodum Ciceronis studiosi, Ciceroniani vocantur, ita etiam qui ad [...]ipsii stylum se exercent, Lipsiani ap­pellantur. Genus orationis est breve, concisum, verbis inops, creb ò incidens, nunquam fere circuitum, & quasi orbem verborum, apta atque eleganti compositione conficiens. Jani Nicii Erythraei Pinacotheca. 3. Vide plura ibid.

Some entitle his Book de Constantia liber plane aureas, yet others say he was very inconstant himself.

Literae variae, Letters or Epistles. See Epistles. Literae Cardi­nalium Pet­roni & D'Oslat gallice: quas quia ad historiam Ec­clesiasticam & politicam non parum conferunt, longe satiùs est linguae Gallicae causa legi à Theologo, quam Epistolas Troncheti aut Balsaci, aut similes. Voet. Biblioth. Studios. Theol. l. 2.

Vna quidem Epistola est, quae literarum nomine signatur sed ea verè multis constat literis. Voss. De Anal. l. 1. c. 38.

There are certain most godly, fruitfull and comfortable Letters, of such true Saints and holy Martyrs of God, as in this Realm gave their lives for the defence of Christs holy Gospell, written in the time of their affliction and cruell impri­sonment.

Thomas Littleton, a grave and Learned Judge of the Court of Common-pleas, sometimes of the Inner Temple.

His Tenures is a Book of sound and exquisite Learning, S r Edw. Cookes I reface to the 10 th part of his Reports. comprehending much of the Marrow of the Common Law.

I affirm and will maintain it against all opposites whatsoever; that Littletons Tenures, is a Work of as absolute perfection in his kinde, and as free from errour, as any Book that I have known to be written of any humane Learning.

Edw. Lively, the Professour of Hebrew in Cambridge, and very skilfull in that Language. Cui in erat in summa doctri­na summa modestia. Mon­tacut. Antidiat. ad Exercit. 3. Vide Gatakeri Cinnum. c. 9.

He hath written an Exposition on five of the small Prophets, and a little book of Chronology in English.

But there is a large Latine Chronology also of his, which Lectori in­dicabo Eduar­duus Liveleum in opere Chronologico suo nondum edito, &c. In toto hoc argumento Chronologico Josephum Sca­ligerum virum maximum maxime admirans, non rarò tamen ab eo dissentit: verùm ita; ut modestiam priùs laudes an doctrinam non scias. Casaub. Exercit. 16. ad Annal. Baron. Num. 34. An. 34. Casaubone com­mends, as worthy to be published. This Book B. Vsher hath, and he quotes it in his Book De Macedonum & Asianorum Anno Solari, c. 3. in Chronologiâ nondum editâ, vir doctissimus Edovardus Liveleius.

Titus Livius.

Petrus Crinitus l. 7. De Honesta Disciplina c. 12. saith his History was divided by him into Books not Decades. Latinae histo­riae princeps. Eras. Ep. l. 28. Epist. 15. Veteribus re­rum Roma­narum scriptis ab origine re­petitis, re­ctoque & ac­curato judicio perpensis at (que) comparatis, edidit. histo­riam Dominio ac Imperio Romano dignam. Praesat. ad Antiq. Eccles. Britan. Vide Boxhorn Monum. Clar. Vir. Magnitu­dine quidem & majestate operis ante omnes. Diffusus ille & placidus, in Concionibus maximè disertus. Patavi­nitas ei objecta ab Asinis, id est, nisi fallor, sermonis quaedam peregrinitas, nec tam in verbis quam stylo toto. Lips. Not. ad 1. lib. Polit. Vide Pignor. Symb. Epist Ep. 44. Ante alios Livius qui praeter quam quod pure adeô & perspicuè scribat, quodque exempla ac praecepta adfert, quae Dei providentiam doceant, at prudentiam augeant moralem ac civilem; etiam orationes habet in vario admodum argumento multum profuturas eloquentiae studioso, Vossius De Studiorum Ratione.

Neque partitiones decadum ab ipso Livio sunt, quod professorem Humanitatis ig­norare non decebat, antiqui enim Grammatici non Decades, sed libros agnoscunt. Pignor. Symb. Epist. Ep. 44.

Benius criminatur Livianam phrasin, facere operae precium, quod neque Cicero­nia sit, neque Terentiana: at num ideo minus Latina? affirmet cui cornea fibra est. Ego utique non affirmabo qui sciam, linguam Latinam debere uni Livio magnam co­piam genuinae elocutionis quam apud Ciceronem & Terentium frustra quaerimus. Vt jure vocaverit novitius Livii editor omnis latinitatis refertissimum. Id. ibid. Vide plura ibid.

CHAP. X.

A Loysius Italicae erudi­tionis, & Episcopalis apicis (dum viveret) cla­rissimum de­cus. Pign. Symb. Epistol. Ep. 50. Lollinus, Episcopus Bellunensis.

There are his Episcopalium curarum characteres.

Peter Is enim cum in fascem seu congeriem quandam lo­cos antiquo­rum Theolo­gorum quam▪ plurimos pro suo arbitrio delectos ad subtilitatem magis quam ad utilitatem aedificationemque pertinentes, colle­gisset▪ sententiarumque appellatione deornasset, evenit ut ejusmodi ita consarcinatum opus plurimorum illius saeculi hominibus Sophistices avidissimis arriserit pacueritque. Hinc autem factum est, ut ipsum opus Magistri Senten­tiarum, & ipsum authorem Principis Theologorum, titulis insigniverunt. Postea autem qui huic subtili Theologiae (quam Scholasticam Speculativamque nominarunt) operam dabant, incubuere omnes certatim ad illud opus Sen­tentiarum Commentariis illustrandum, seu veriùs Conspurcandum. Gentilet. Apol. pro Christianis Gallis Relig. Evangel. c. 18. Parisiensis Episcopus, quem omnes Theologorum Scholae singulari quadam venerationis excellen­tia Magistrum [...]ententiarum appellant, & in cujus Theologiae compendium innumerabilia disputationum volumina eruditissimi Clarissimarum to [...]o Christiano orbe Academiarum [...]heologi elaborarunt. Sixt. Seuens. Biblioth. Sanct. l. 4. Quamvis Lombardus Magister appellatur, tamen discipuli ejus non omnia probant, quae ipse docuit, notantur enim ad calc [...]m libri à Parisiensibus 26 articuli, in quibus velut erroneus rejicitur. Gerb. Confest. Cathol l. 1. General. part. 2. c. 15. Lombard, Anno Dom. 1140. the Father of the Schoolmen.

He was sirnamed Master of the Sentences, because of the four books of Sentences composed by him, and collected out of the Fathers. He died in the year 1164. The Commentary which Thomas Aquinas made on Lombards Book of the Sentences was so well liked, that he was after Commented upon by fourscore Divines whose names and list are to be found within the laborious Book of Gesners Bib­liotheca.

Quamvis in eo opere Papatum confirmet pro virili multa tamen exciderunt, quae Pontificio errores oppugnant. Illyr. Catal. Test. Ver. l. 15.

Lombardus inter omnes Papistas optimum & doctissimus. Apol. Rog. Aschani pro Caena Domini.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these verses of him,

Quid non Lombardo Parasina Academia debet;
Qui sanctae reserat limina prima Scholae?

Dionysius Longinus, a very great Master of Rhetorick.

Cum notis viri Cl. Guil. L.He hath written a small Book [...], de grandi sive sublimi genere ora­tio [...]is.

Christ Longomontanus, a great Mathematician.

He hath put out these Works,

Astronomia Danica.

Ego enim Macliniae sum narus, Macliniae edu­ca [...]us, Germa­nicae linguae & Caesarum ditionis oppido, cum aliis laudibus multis illustri, tum verò Philippi & Caroli Hispaniae regum incunabulis percelebri. Longol. Orat. Vide ejus vitam. Dijudicari vix potest, Germaniae Maclinia sit an Galliae: Facit lingua, imperium, vulgi opinio ut Germaniae adscribenda videatur. Rursus hominum ingenia, mores, victus, vestitus, ac ille gentium omnium celebratus monumentis Galliae ac Germaniae limes Rhenus eam Galliae adjudicat. Quae quidem mihi causa est, ut utrisque honestissimè cupiam. Longol. Epist. l. 3. Baptegnati. Juvenis cum ad omnes bonas disciplinas, [...]um ad eloquentiam factus. Eras. Epist. l. 11. Epist. 5. Ille satis magnam laudem tulit, periit Ciceronianus. Id. l. 20. Epist. Epist. 9. Vir in literis magnus, futurus maximus, si fata didis­sent longius aevum. Id. l. 27. Epist. 11. Vide etiam Epist. 38. Nimia cura imitationis bonam naturam Corrupit. Verba habet Ciceroniana, mira religionis ac superstitionis observatione; sensus est ineptior propterea quod dicta grandia rebus exiguis aptabat. Ludov. Viv. in opusc. de conscrib. Epist. Gesneri Biblioth. Si M. Tullio Ciceroni eloquentiae primas damus; meritò Transalpinorum omnium eloquentissimus audit Longolius, qui peritè admodum verba illius singula rebus ap [...]ando sublegit. Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgica. Conditus est Patavii in D. Francisci, habitu ejusdem ordinis, ut Picus antea Mirandulanus, & è nostri Rudolphus Agricola. Id. ibid. Cibi & potus erat parcissimus, mero nunquam, dilutissimo semper utebatur, maximè vero frigidae potu delectabatur: quo etiam saepius usus fuisset, nisi medici, quòd maxime inimicum stomacho dicerent, eum magnopere detetruissent. Somno parum indulgebat, cum plurimum, non amplius sex horas dormiebat. Reliqua genera voluptatum summus ille ardor in studia literarum ita restinxit, ut nulla prorsus in eo aliarum rerum cupiditas appareret. Longolii vita. Vide plura ibid. Cyclometria verè & absolutè in ipsa natura Circuli cum rectilineo inventa.

Christopher Longoly, born at Machlinia a famous Town in Germany, buried at Padua, a man excellently Learned, and a great Ciceronian, omnium Cicero­nianissimus. [Page 249] Lud. Viv. de Caus. Corrupt. art. l 4. Longolius l. 4. Epist. Nic. Draconi commends Tully much.

He hath written three Orations, four Books of Epistles.

He died when he was scarce 34 years old.

Exilis est in sententiis, non luculentus in verbis, ut tamen de eo. si vitae contigis­set usura diuturnior, bene censeam sperandum fuisset. Sed ut nunc est, mea quidem sententia nullus est, quid enim affert exquisitum? quid singulare, quid non vulgatum, non ex quotidiana consuetudine, usuque sumptum. Paul Manut. Epist. l. 1. Epist. 4. Vide plura ibid.

Eum ut in sententiis exilem & in verbis minimè luculentum aspernantur Itali ho­mines, qui parem in hoc laudis genere nullum ferre possunt. Scaev. Samarth. Gallorum doctrina illust. Elog. Vide Boxhorn. Theat. Holland. p. 299.

Petrus Lorichius Abbas. He hath put out Poems. Anno 1544. abjecto Pa­pismo Evangelium pure praedicavit ipse, & quos antecessores in pigros monachos contulerunt sumptus, ipse in edu­cationem puerorum ingenuorum liberalem impendi [...], inter quos etiam fuit nepos ipsius ex fratre Petrus Lor [...]chius, qui se secundum, quod patruo cognominis esset, dixit: Cui multum debet poesis elegantior. Scultet. de Curriculo vitae.

Jo. Lorinus, a French man. He was Professor of Divinity at Paris, Millain, Rome.

He hath written upon a great part of the Scripture.

Lucanus. Uxor Lucani Polla Argen­taria post ex­cessum ma [...]iti Pharsaliam ejus emenda­vit: imò & viventem in carmin [...] dici­tur adjuvasse. Vossius de Poetis Latinis c. 3. Vide ejus l. 1. De Historicis Latinis. c. 26. Lucani carmen plurimum habet vi­rium, ut etiam bellicis sint propè pares, nec praelia videatur canere sed c [...]mmi [...]tere, & [...]ona [...] C [...]stii [...]um eod [...]mque ar [...]ore arma scribere quo Caesar tractavit, ita ut illum quorundam au [...]es ta [...]quam [...] ac immodi [...]un non ferant. Lud. Viv. de tradend. Discip. l. 3. Fuit Cordubensis ex Annae familia, u [...] scitis, in qua ple­rioue insignes doctrina viri nati. ut Gallio, Seneca, Mela, alii. Lil. Gyrald. De Poet. Hist. Dial. 14. Vide Stradae prolus. Acad. l. 2.

His life was written by Suetonius.

Lucanus ardens & concitatus, & sententiis clarissimus, & ut dicam quod sentio, magis oratoribus quam poetis annumerandus. Quintill. Instit. Orat. l. 10. c. 1.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these verses of him,

Carmina melliflui non ambio docta Maronis;
Sunt sua Lucano, sunt sua Virgilio.

Lucian the Atheist, he doth promiscuously scoff at all Religion, he reproacheth Christ and Moses. Anno Aerae Christianae 98. Helv. 104. Calvis. Luciani verba sunt tersa & phrasis di [...]u­cida. Lud. Viv. de trad. discip. l. 3. Lucianus ille blasphemus, fuit concionator primum Antiochiae, postea defecit ad gentiles, & tandem à Canibus dilaceratus est. Suidas. En coryphaeum ipsum & magistrum nostrorum omnium Atheorum, ve [...]ò u [...]nti [...]am & cloacam vitiorum, Scurram dico & Apostatam Sam [...]satensem Lucianum; qui primis eis hanc Scholam circa Trajani t [...]mpora aperuit; quique tam eff [...]aeni insolentia Deum ac divina omnia subsannavit, ut in Atheorum cognomen, i [...]lius nomen [...]am ab [...]e [...]it, & ab eo Luciani, aut Lucianistae, merito nuncupentur. Pro nugis iste ac annum fabulis habebat sacra eloquia: Prophetas, & Apostolos, praestigiatores, & impostores, Christum ipsum de palo suspen [...]um sophistam, rabido ore & blasphemâ voce spureissimus nebulo nominabat. Crakanth. De prov. Dei.

There are many of his Books and Dialogues extant, which were printed in Greek and Latine at Basill in Octavo, with learned Annotations.

He was torn to death by dogges.

Lucianus festivissimus & politissimus scriptor, Turneb. Advers. l. 18. c. 8.

Cai [...] Lucilius Satyra qui­dem to [...]a no­stra est, in qua primus [...]nli [...]nem lau­dem adeptus est Lucilius, qui qúosdam i [...] deditos sibi adhuc hab [...] amato [...]es, ut eum non ejusdem modo operis autoribus, sed omnibus poetis praeferre non dubitent. Quintil. Instit. Orat. Vide Crinit. De Poet. Lat. l. 1. c. 9. l 10. c. 1. Acerrimi poeta ingenii, miraeque eruditionis, at (que) urbanitatis Lucilius ex Aru [...]ca u [...]be. Polit. Praelect. In Persium. Vide plura ibid

Versus Lucilli [...] ipsa ra [...]itate & paucitate suavitatem consequuntur, etsi enim versi­bus aliorum poetarum comparandi non sunt: tamen quadam illecebra & invitatione nos capiunt & deliniunt. Turneb. Advers. l. 27. c. 9.

[Page 250] Lucius Lucius Rex Britannicus, Omnium ut opinor prin­cipum p [...]imu [...], qui Christianam fidem amplexus palam, subditis etiam publicè amplectendam proposuit. Godwinus de Conversione Britanniae ad Relig. Christ. Vide Antiq. Eccles. Britan. p. 4, & 5.

The first Christian King of this Land.

He founded S t Peters Church in Cornwall, the ancientest Church in London.

Titus Lucretius the Poet.

Vide Pet. Crinit de Poe­tis Latinis. l. 2. c. 19. Nemini dubium esse potest, Lucretium inter eos, qui carmine de rebus naturalibus scripsere, subtilem, argutum, e [...]ucleatum, limatum, elegantissimum esse, licet antiquorum obtineat in verbis, quibus ma [...]na ex pa [...]e ex [...]leris, alia deinceps mitiora successer [...]unt. Possev Biblioth. Sel. tomo 2 do l 17. Lucretius Poeta Epicu [...]ae tum amatorio poculo [...]n sur [...]rem versuo, cum aliquot libros, per insaniae intervalla conscripsille [...], quos Cicero emendavit, se sua tandem manu consecit, ae [...]atis quadragesimo quarto. Geneb. Chron. l. 2. Lucretius optimus Latinitatis actor. Voss. de Anal. l. 2. c. 24.

Celebris seculi sui Juriscon­suitus, qui Concilio Basileensi interfuit & diem suum in eo obiit, sepultus Basileae. Gerh. Confess. Cathol. Ludovicus Romanus.

Hunc ego inquirendo comperio, apud Anglos te quidem vera praestisse, quod suis libris pol [...]ur. Et in arc [...] Londini jussu regis pro­batiss [...]mum au [...] confecisse, mihique genus nummi ostensum e [...] [...] adhuc appellant nobile Raymundi auri, viz. puri, & obrizi, summ [...]e (que) judicaturae. R. Constantin. Nomen [...]lat. [...]nsig. Script. Raym. Lullus, a very Learned man. He lived about the year 1290.

Martin Luther.

Vide Polyd. V [...]rg. De In­vent. Rerum, l. 8. c. 4. Anno Aerae Christi 1483. nascitur. Calvis. Chron. Homo [...]udus omni p [...]aesi­dio, non clam & per cuni­culos insidi [...]? [...] (ut fraterculi so­lent vitae Im­peratorum & Principum) sed aperro marte Monarchiam aggressus est Pontificiam, exercitatissimos belli duces, Cajetanum, Sylvestrum, Eckium, alios instructissim [...]s ab omni app [...]ratu [...] genere [...] & in enti animo heroicoque ausu, tutrim aggressus Babylonicam, pene jam, quod [...]oe [...]x in po [...]te [...]um [...]au [...]tumque sit, demolitus est. Montacut. An [...]id [...]at. 9. Vide plura ibid. Melancthon seeing his picture i [...] said to have uttered this verse immediatly,

Fulmina cra [...]t linguae singula verba tuae.
Natus es Isl [...]bii Divine Propheta Luthere;
Relligio sulget te Duc [...], Papa Iacit.
Johannes Stolsius.
Lutherus Decimum confregit strage Leonem;
De clava noli quaerere, penna fuit.
Maior.

Both his skill in Divinity was profound, and his tongue was eloquent to utter it. No marvell if the Lord suffered him some way to take a blow of Satan, and in some respect to be foiled, that he might humble him, and teach us to trust in God and not in men. Travers his Answ. to a Popish Treatise written to the LL. of the Councell.

He wrote in his house, Res & verba Philippus, Res sine verbis Lutherus, verba sine r [...] Erasmus.

He hath some lofty expressions, as I have noted Saints Incou­ragements. elsewhere.

Domini sumus (saith he) ron tan [...]um in casu Genitivo se [...] Nominativo, not only of [...]he Lord, but Lords.

His Book against Henry the 8 th and contra Swirmeros is too bitter.

Agant quicquid possunt Henrici, Episcopi, atque a [...]eò Turca, & ipse Satan. Nos regni filii sumus, qui illum conspu [...]um & occisum denuò ab istis Henricis Salvatorem colimus & expectamus. Calv Epist. & responsa, p. 28. Vide plura ibid.

He wrote many things in Latine and high Germane.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones according to the order of time when he wrote them.

[Page 251] Beza in his Epitaphs hath these verses upon Luther, Paulus Luthe­rus a Physitian, brother to Martin Lu­ther. There is Orat. de Vita & Morte ejus per Matth. Dresterum. And his life is written by Melch. Ad. among his Germane Physitians, as I remember.

Roma urbem domuit, Romam sibi Papa subegit,
Viribus ille suis, standibus iste suis.
Quantò isto major Lutherus, major & illa,
Illum illamque uno qui domnit calomo?
I nunc, Alcidem memorato Graecia mendax,
Lutheri ad calamum ferrea clava nihil.

Lycaphron Chalcidensis. Unus è septem Poetis, quibus Pleiades no­men à numero tribuitur. Gesu. Biblioth.

An ancient and very obscure Poet.

Poetarum, siquis alius, imo ultra quam alius quis, dictionis extraneae atque inso­lentis, quis legentibus crucem figat. Gatak. De Novi Instrumenti Styli Dissertat. cap. 41.

Thomas Lydiat, a Learned Mathematician.

There are divers Works of his published.

Solis & Lunae periodus.

De variis annorum formis.

De natura caeli, & conditione Elementorum.

Praelecti [...] Astronomica.

Di origine sentium.

De quisitio Philologica.

Defens [...]o tractatus de variis annorum formis, contra Jos. Scaligerum.

Emendatio temporum. Vide Neand. Geog. Ocean. Ins.

Nic. Lyranus Bibliorum apud Pontifi­cios interpre­tes primarius. Gomari Anti­costerus. Anno Aerae Christi 1322. Calvis. Chron. Nicolaus Lyra­nus Judaeus genere, post factus mona­chus Francis­canus Biblia Sacra Scholiis illustrate in­cipit. Calvis. Chronol. Nicolaeus de Lyra, Natione Anglicus, ordinis fratrum minorum, vir in Scripturis sanctis studiosissimus, & longa exercitatione peri [...]us, Hebraica lingua ad perfectum instructus, ingenio promptus sermone Scholasticus, nec minus conversatione quam scientia venerandus. Trithem. de Script. Eccles. Natione Anglus, vel ut quidam scribunt, ex Lyra Brabantiae oppido, genere Judaeus, & Hebraicis literis à prima pueritia imbutus, Scholasticae Theologiae professor, tanta queque divinarum Scripturarum vera, pura, ac germana intelligentia praeditus, ut in eis exponendis, nullum eruditissimorum Theologorum sui temporis habuerit parem. Sixt. Senens. Biblioth. Sanct. l. 4. Nicol. Ly­ranus ex Judaeo linguae Hebraicae & rerum Judaicarum peritissimo ad Christianismum conversus (ut refert Anto­ninus, tit. 24. c. 8. Sect. 2.) quamvis superstitionibus sui temporis, utpote circa annum 1420. Franciscanorum cu­culla suscepta imbutus: tamen literae Hebraicae & historiae veteris Testamenti doctissimus erat. Carol. Moli [...]. Annot. in Evangel.. Anno Dom. 1320.1334. saith Helvicus. Lyrator, or de Lyra.

Learned in Hebrew, Greek and Latine, and famous for his Notes upon the whole Scripture, according to the litterall sense.

He was a jew born, but after turned Christian, that he might more fitly attend the reading of the Scriptures, which he endeavoured to explain by Annotations, he became a Franciscan Monk, as the opinion of those times swaied.

About the year 1322, he began to illustrate the Bible with Scholia, which work within seven years after he finished and published. He distinguisheth and separates the Apocryphall books (viz. Wisdom, Ecclesiasticus, Judith, Tobi­as, the books of the Macchabees) from the Canonicall. In that Work many things occurre, which do not agree with the Popish superstitions, and do demon­strate that Lyra could have exprest many things more fitly, if he had been born in a better age. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit.

The Papists have this saying of him,

Nisi Lyra lyrasset
Nemo nostrum saltasset.

CHAP. XI.

M

Historicus & secretarius Florentinus, floruit ante annos 80. Is sua historia impressa Ita­licè saepè clarè ostendit, ex ambitione & crudelitate Pontificum, pleraque mala ac bella Christianis provenisse. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 19. NIcolaus Machiavellus, a great Historian. He lived in the age of Philip Strozius, and Clement the 8 th Pope.

Although his Politicks be full of poyson, yet since his history hath much hidden wisdom in it, some think the judicious and wary may reade it with profit.

Joh. Maccovius, a Learned Divine.

There is his Theologia Polemica, and another Work.

Macrobius. Some commend his Saturnals.

Qui dapibus partim emendicatis, partim suffuratis suas caena [...] instr [...]xit. Polit. Miscel. Cent. 1. c. 22.

Georgius Rarae soeli­citatis Poeta, plurima cùm sacra tum profana argumenta Comico stylo exornavit: exactae insuper diligentiae Grammaticus, utriusque linguae Rudimenta, & Dialectica non memoria modo, sed & litterarum monumentis complexus est. Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgica. Macropedius, a learned Poet.

Caius Cilnius Maecenas.

Horatim Ode. 1. Maecenatem vocat suum: — praesidium & dulce decus. In pace nem­pe decus, prae­sidium, colu­men & tute­lam in bello. Meibomii Mae­cenas, c. 17. Fuit is & ipse elegantissimè doctus, & doctorum hominum patronus munificentissimus, ut & nomen ejus, jam à tot seculis posteritati transcriptum, jerit in proverbium, ac Maecenates dicantur, qui litterarum aut litteras amantium tutelam ac patro­cinium in se recipiant. Meibomii vita Macenatis. c. 1.He was Councellour to Augustus the Emperour, and so great a favourer and countenancer of Learned men, that he hath conveyed his name to all the Patrons of Learning.

He favoured Poets above others, and advanced them. He exceedingly loved and favoured Virgill the Prince of Poets, & absque ipso fuisset, nos hodi [...] & hujus & plurium aliorum monumentis careremus.

He also favoured Horace.

Otia dat nobis, sed qualia fecerat olim
Maecenac Flacco Virgiloque suo.
Mart. l. 1. Epigr. 108. ad Lucium Julium.

Propertius also was his friend, and other Poets mentioned by Meibomius, c. 18. and there he addes this sentence, Ex tam propenso vero in literatos amore ac favore id praemii inter caetera retulit Maecenas, ut celebriores doctissimorum hominum lucubra­tiones ipsius virtuti consecrarentur.

Joannes Petrus Maffeius, a very eloquent Italian.

Hujus aevi Latinae linguae lumen, he in prose honoured his Country at the same time that Torquatus Tassus did it in verse, being his Countries Tully, as the other was its Virgill.

There are Epistola Selectae published of his cum vita Ignatii Loiolae.

Raphael Vir fuit ha­bitu corporis venusto, fa­cundia elegante, & morum gravitate vitaeque sanctimonia clarus, Boissardi Bibliotheca. Maffeus, a most learned man, as his writings sufficiently testifie. His Works are mentioned by Boissard.

Ferdinandus Ferdinandus quidam Ma­gellanus, Nati­one Lusitanus, cui fretum Magellanicum una navigatione simul & immortalem gloriam, & mortem attulit. Bon­hornii Historia Universalis. Magellanus.

He found out the straight of Magellane.

[Page 253] R. M. Maiemon, or Rabbi Ben Maimon, Anno à Nativitate Christi 1131.

One famous among Jews, Christians, and Mahometans. De hoc apud Hebraeos cele­bratissimum fertur elogi­um, quod A Mose usque ad Mosem non sur­rexit alter Moses, sicut iste, hoc est à Mose legisla­tore usque ad Mosem Aegy­ptium, non fuerit ullus huic Mosi eruditione conferendus. Hunc Judaei Rambam, hoc est, Rabbi Mosem, Ben Maimonis vocant, nomen ipsius ac dignitatis ipsius, & patris ipsius unico vocabulo, ex quatuor capitalibus earundem appellationum literis composito, perstringentes, quod & in plerisque aliis Rabbinorum titulis facere solent. Sixt. Senens. Biblioth. Sanct. l. 4. Rabbi Moses Maimonides omnium Judaeorum doctissimus & acutissimus. Scalig. Canon. Isagog. l. 3. Vide Buxtorf. Praefat. ad More Nevochim. Fuit autor iste candidus minimeque superstitiosus. Plus certè veritati addictus erat, quam naeniis importunis Neotericorum Judaeorum. Drus. in Tetragram. notae. Moses Maimonides Cord. ubae, na­tus, circa quadringentos octoginta ab hinc annos in Hispania floruit, ubi Judaeorum suorum juris, etiam quod ibi in usu erat scientissimus. Seldenus De Syned. Vet. Ebr. l. 3. c. 3.

He dwelt in Egypt, therefore Aegyptius dicitur.

He hath written a Book styled More Nevochim, Doctor Perplexorum, which because it seems too much to favour the Christians, the Jews generally conspired together, and thought to burn it, but it was so much dispersed through the whole world that they could not accomplish what they had intended. Drus. in Tetrag. Not.

M r Selden in his 2 d part de Syned. saith he hath five severall Editions of Mai­monides, besides a Manuscript, and every edition hath somewhat that the other hath not.

The Aquinas of the Rabbins.

Inter Hebraeos celebratissimus, Merc. praefat. in lib. Job. Celeberrimus inter Ju­daeos Maimonides. Constant. L' Empereur praefat. ad Itin. Benjam.

Diligentissimus Rabinorum Mosche ben Maymon Schickardi Jus Regium He­braeorum. c. 1.

Jo. Major Scotus.

Johannes Major qui in studio Theologiae, magnum nomen, me puero habuit. Buchan. Rer. Scot. Hist. l. 7.

He hath written Historiam Majoris Britanniae, and on four Books of the Sentences.

Cum scateat nugis solo cognomine Major,
Nec sit in immenso pagina sana libro:
Non mirum titulis quod se veracibus ornat:
Nec semper mendax fingere Creta solet.
Buchan. Epig. lib. 1.

This was much in Buchanan, Major being his Master.

M. Ant. Majoragius.

He hath written upon Aristotles Rhetorick, upon some of Tullies Works, and Orations of his own. Eruditissima Commentaria in quatuor Evangelistas meliora & in­tegriora mul­torum judicio futura, si su­perstite autore edita fuissent: quibas tamen si pari diligen­tia elaboratae in Acta Apo­stolorum & Apostolicas Epistolas interpretationes, quas scripsisse illum constat, olim accedant, habebunt profecto omnes docti & pii opus paucis in hoc genere comparandum, & quod unum multorum instar esse possit. Lansius Orat. pro Hispania. Vide Casaub. ad Front. Duc. Epist. p. 41. Vir judicii exasciati & veritatis Historicae Hyperaspistes, si quis alius, Jacobus Thuanus (Hist. tom. 3. l. 79) alium nobis vita & moribus Maldonatum depingit, quam se nobis ille exhibuit in Commentariis. Montacut. Orig. Eccles. Vide ejus Apparat. & Orig. Eccles. Tom. prior. part. poster. p. 26. & Anti­diat. ad c. 23. Scripsit succinctos & literales Commentarios in Jeremiam, Ezechalem, Dominion. Prae omnibus verò laudantur ipsius Commentaria in quatuor Evangelistas paulo fusius & nervosius conscripta. Sixt. Senens. Bibli [...]h. Sanct. l. 4.

Maldonate, a Spaniard and a Jesuite.

Whose skill in expounding Scriptures (save only where doting love unto their Church hath made him blinde) none of theirs, few of our Church hath surpassed. D r Jackson upon the Apost. Creed, first Vol. l. 3. c. 13. The most judicious Expo­sitor among the Jesuites. Id. ibid. c. 15.

Some think him very arrogant and bitter, Vide Scalig. Elench. Trihaeres. Serar. cap. 11.

Others say that he read Lectures in Paris by way of preface (before his Expo­sition of the Evangelists,) of the Scriptures, and said that there was more Divi­nity in one Chapter of S t Pauls Epistles, then in all Aquinas his Summes. Many Protestants frequented his Lectures, and he was suspected to be too favourable to them.

[Page 254] Ne ipsi quidem Calvinistae & Calvinistarum ministri ipsius praelectionibus absti­nerent. Alegambe Biblioth. Script. Soc. Jes. Vide plura ibid.

Inter quos cum & narra­tionis fide, & judicii maturirate principem locum teneat Gulielmus Malmesburiensis, homo, ut erant illa tempora, literate doctus, qui septingenterum plus minus annorum res tanta fide & diligentia pertexuit, ut è nostris propè solus historici munus explesse videatur. Savil. praefat. ad rerum anglicarum scriptores. Vir erat suo saeculo in omni genere bonatum literatum plane eruditissimus, & in eruendis antiquitatibus ingenio, diligentia & industria singularis. Balaus De Script. Brytan. Cent. 2. Gulielmus Malmesburiensis, a famous Historiographer of our own. Anno Dom. 1130.

Vir▪ Graecè & Latinè do­ctissimus rem medicam & naturae arcana iisdem vestigiis prosequitur, cujus rei specimen dare possunt Epistolae quas proximo edidit. Eras. Epist. l. 20. Epist. 54. Jo. Manaraus, a famous Physitian, who wrote 20 Books Epistolarum Medi­cinalium.

M. Manilius, sive Manlius.

Historiae ac Literaturae omnis inda­gator, floruit temporibus Marii & Syllae. Voss. De Histor. Lat. l. 1. c. 9.He was a Poet at Rome in the time of Augustus the Emperour, to whom he de­dicated his five Books of Astronomy, made in Hexameter verses.

Florebat Anno Christi 1494. Boiss. Icon. Laudo insti­tutum pi­umque pro­possium▪ ve­rum ex [...]em­ [...], magis quam poeta [...] Ex­ta [...] illiu [...] [...] penè in­numerabiles, ex quibus apua vulgus & ba [...]ba [...]os qui idom Inu­dem tan [...]am est adeptus, ut unus p [...]opè poeta, & alter penè Maro habatetur, at bone Deurquam dispar ingenium. Nam ut ubique Maro perfectus, ita hic immodica & penè teme­ratia ubique usus est licentia, quam & magis atque magis indies auxit. Lil. Gyrald. De Poet. Nostr. Temp. Dial. 1. Anno Dom. 1516. Obut Baptista Mantuanus, omnium qui unquam fuerunt, fraterculorum doctissimus, anno aetatis suae 72 vitae severitate, morumque sanctitate clarus, ac disciplinarum omnium scientissimus. Nemo aut pulchriu [...] aut culcius poema scripsiste legitur. Wolf. Lect. Memorab. Fuerunt ejus scripta tanto in precio & aesti­matione, ut Baptistae Hispaniolae (sic enim cognominabatur, licet Mantuae natus) opera cum Vergilanis con­ferrentur. Boissardi Icones. Baptista Faustus Mantuanus, a Monk born at Mantua, as Virgill also was.

Poeta fuit doctus & pius. Bellarm. de Script. Eccles. He was a Learned and pious Poet.

Of that same that he was made equall by some to the more ancient Poets even under Augustus: Amongst other verses of his wisely written also those are wont often to be used and rehearsed,

Ambitiosus honos, & opes, & foeda voluptas,
Haec tria pro trino numine mundus habet.

Stephanus Pasch [...]sius in his Icones hath these verses of him,

Mantua foeli [...]em genuit foecunda Maronem;
Haec eadem faustis me tulit as spiciis.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

He often grievously accuseth the Church of Rome.

Th [...]uet Vies d [...]s hommes Illustres. l. 6. confesseth he was Satyricall and discovered the abuses of Rome, and then saith he was a bastard, and gives many examples of famous men that were bastards.

Aldus Manutius Senior.

Typographus Venetus, ce­leberrimus, laboriosissi­mus, & do­ctissimus, & qui primus è Bibliothecis manuscriptis plerosque Graecos autores in omni doctrinarum genere pulcherrimis typis excusos in publicum edidit. Neand. Geog. parte 1 a. Vide Jani Nic. Eryth. Pinacoth.He collected and published two famous Volumes, one which Henry Stevens lately reprinted at Genevah. Another which in 2 Tomes gives 700 Epistles, 40 Volumes of Greek Authours, rare and yet full of Learning, Wisdom and Elo­quence.

He first also published a Volume of Greek Grammers.

[Page 255] Paulus Hic annus nobis eripuit duo magna Italiae & Germaniae lumina, Paulum Manutium ct Joachimum Camerarium. In Paulo quidem praeter exactam puritatis Latinae & Anti­quitatis Romanae cognitionem, quam ad Ciceronem suum illustrandum attulit, plerisque scriptis dum vixit publi­catis, & post mortem a filio Aldo virtutum paternarum haerede editis, &c. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 59. Manutius his sonne, homo & diligentissimus & doctissimus. Turneb. Advers. l. 8. c. 24.

Besides many other Learned Writings (as his Epistles) he also published ten Books of the Roman Antiquities.

Aldus Manutius minor, Vir quidem eruditus, & in Antiquorum monument is in­dagandis accuratissimus. Ang. Roccha.

Angelus Roccha in his Appendix Bibl. Vatican, De Bibliothecis, quae adhuc ex­tant, mentions three Manutii, Aldus, and his sonne Paulus, and Pauls sonne Aldus.

Aldus senior publicae consuluit utilitati, dum impressoriam artem miro exercuit studio, ut Latinam linguam, & Graecam, quas optime callebat, in pristinum splen­dorem, Joanne Baptista Alberto, Nicolao Peroto Episcopo Sipontino, Francisco Phi­lelpho, Jo. Jucundo, Theodoro Gaza, Trapezumtio, Lascare, Chrysolora, Musuro, Vrbano, & Bessarione ad eandem rem praestandam inscribendo ad laborantibus, typis perpulchris restituere.

Paulus autem Aldi filius Paulus Aldi filius▪ alter Cicero in Latine scribendo, Ro­manam linguam collabentem in pristinum nitorem studuit revocare, dum Latinorum monumenta diligenter scrutatus est.

Aldus denique junior Aldi nepos, & Pauli filius, dum Avum, & Patrem, & typis, ac scriptis imitatur, utriusque linguae non ignarus, Avum & Patrem imita­tione repraesentat.

Gualt. Mapes. Vir literatissi­mus Gualterus Mapes, Henrici secundi An­glorum Regis Clericus fa­miliaris fuit. Romam visitavit, & Pontificis vidit fastum execrandum. Vidit Cardinalium & Praelatorum superbiam, luxum, libidines, avaritiam, nec potuit, domum reversus, perditorum istorum nebulonum oblivisci, sed illos quam diu vixit, Satyris aculeatissimis ad sanam mentem revocare, conatus est. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 14.

Archdeacon of Oxford, a man of an excellent wit, who in his verses points forth in lively colours the life of the Popes, and he describes also the exactions, rapines of the Court of Rome, the riot and pride of the Prelates, in a book of his entitled, Diversa Poemata, de corrupto Ecclesiae statu.

Samuel Maresius, a Learned French Divine, Professor of Groning.

His books are mentioned Vit. Profes. Groningae. Principum virtutes ac vitia, ut opti­mus quisque scriptor sum­ma fide no­tavit. Bod. Method. Hist. cap. 4. Fidei & judi­cii satis clarus est, modo styli. Lips. Not. ad 1. Lib. Polit. Vide plura ibid. Floruit sub Gratiano ac Valentiniano, ac libros scripsit 31. ex quibus tredecim primi deperierunt. Est verò hic scriptor gravis planè, ac serius, & dignus qui ab omnibus, ac Germanis praecipuè ametur. Mirificè enim illustrat veteris Germaniae situm, eóque majorem hac parte fidem meretur, quia in hoc stipendia ipse meruerit adversos Germanos. Dictio horridior est. Sed virtutes hujus scriptoris sunt tantae, ut hoc in rationem venire non debeat. Et quid mirum, si duri militis phrasis quoque duriuscula sit, homóque Graecus Graecas sapiat loquendi formas. Vossius De Histor. Lat. lib 2. cap. 9.

Ammianus Marcellinas. In the year of our Lord 361.

He writes a military and rough style, as himself confesseth.

He wrote 30 Books, beginning from the rule and dominion of Nerva, even to the death of Valens, in whose Court he flourished, but 13 of these are lost.

Scriptor suae aetatis fide & judicio probatissimus. Rivii Justin. Defens. adversus Alemannum.

Jo. Mariana, a Learned Jesuite.

He hath written Scholia upon the Old and New Testament.

Maximus Margunus, Cytherorum Episcopus. De vitis San­ctorum Gr. per Sim. Me­taphrasten.

Sir Henry Savill in his notes on Chrysostoms Psalmes cals him Graecorum Neote­ricorum longè doctissimum, and publisheth there an Epistle of his sent to David Haeschelius.

[Page 256] Psalterium B. Mariae, Psalterium B. Mariae, ex impresso Pa­risiensi codice descriptum, Martinus Cheminitius inscruit tertiae parti examinis Concilii Tridenti [...]i, in quo sunt centeni quinquagima Psalmi, quibus Davidicae preces & laudes, quas ille Domino obtulit, transferuntur in B. Virgi­n [...]m Mariam, ho [...]rendo planè sacrilegio. Hoc opus Bonaventurae Doctori Seraphico & Cardinali tribuunt. Bellarminus lib. de script. Eccles. & Possevinus in Apparatu sacro. Forbes. Iustruct. Historico. Theol. l. 7. c. 7. our Ladies Psalter.

Bonaventure the authour thereof, to shew himself a devout servant to his Lady, hath taken every Psalm of Davids Psalter (which he peculiarly made and referred to Almighty God) and hath in divers of the said Psalms and verses put out the Name of the Lord, and placed in the name of our Lady: This being done through the whole Psalms, and every one of them, it is now called our Ladies Psalter, used to be sung and said in the praise and service of our Lady.

Alsted in his Encyclopaed. l. 35. saith this book is falsly ascribed to Bonaventure, for he on Lombard saith, Cavendum est, ne dum matris excellentia ampliatur, filii gloria minuatur.

Marianus Scotus.

Anno Aerae Christianae 1056. Helv. Chron. Fuldensis Monachus Theologus & insignis historiographus, praeter alia annales ab orbe condito duxit: optimo ordine usque ad annum Domini 1082. qui erat aetatis suae 56. Geneb. Chronol. l. 4.He hath put out Chronicorum lib. 3.

Augustine Marlorat, one of the Ministers of the Reformed Church at Roan in France.

He was hang [...]d upon a gibic [...] before our La­dies Church in Roan.A man excellently Learned, and of an unblameable life, who had the testimony even of the Papists themselves, that in his Sermons he never uttered ought that tended to sedition or rebellion.

He ha [...]h written upon Genesis, Esay, and the Psalmes, and an Ecclesiasti­call Exposition upon the New Testament, which last is generally well esteemed of, and D r Willet somewhere wisheth, that the like had been done by some on all the Old Testament. Enchiridio [...] locorum Communium.

Natus est Bruxellis no­men ejus per Europam to­tam Clarissi­mum; & in viro genus, in­genium, eru­ditio, eloquen­tia, virtus at (que) industria cer­tabant. Melch. Ad. & Meursi Athenae Batavae. Philippus Marnixius, Anno Christi 1538. a Learned and famous Writer.

His Works are mentioned by Melchior Adam in his life. His Editum hoc scriptum anno septuagesimo primo, quo tempore crudelissimè in viscera Belgicae saeviebat Albanus, estque varietate historiarum, & acumine sententiarum refertissimum jocis faceriisque, in Papistarum theatrales nugas & fabulas mirè conditum: adeò ut lectoribus istorum temporum praecipuè, singularem attulerit voluptatem: & occasionem multis praebu [...], de religione Christiana seriò cogitandi. Et hic liber ut populari applausu exceptus, sic non sine fructu plurimorum lectus, plus rei Belgicae illa tempestate in religionis negotio profuit; quàm eruditi aliquot commentarii. E [...]idit & tabulam, qua differentiam exponit Christianae & Pontificiae Religionis. In hac multa ex alveario hausta: mu [...]ta nervosis argumentis serio tractata: à Belgis Gallisque summo studio desiderata & lecta. Melchior. Ad. in eju. Vira. Alvearium Ro­manum, Romish Beehive (it is translated into English) and Table of the diffe­rences of Religion are very well liked.

Gruterus wrote these verses of him being dead,

Orbis d [...]lities amorque Marnix,
Quo digno poteris tegi sepulcro?
Defunctis aliis satis sepulcro est
Pars terrae brevis: orbis ipse dignum
Vix totus fuerit tibi sepulcrum
Orbis delities, amorque Marnix.

Clem. Marot, a French Poet.

Equidem vere­or ut absurdum videatur inter literatos illum collocare, cui defuerunt literae. Quae si adfuissent, vix ullus erat futurus poeta melior. Hoc certè Galliae praestitisti, quòd cum illius temporis scriptores sermone uterentur tam impuro, ut nec intelligi possent, pri­mus in meliorem aptè & dilucidè loquendi viam ingressus es. Scaev. Samarth. Gal. Elog. Is propter ingenii facili­tatem ad P [...]ësim naturali inclinatione ferebatur: adeoque promptus, ut qui ejus scripta legunt, nihil in iis requi­runt, praeter exactiorem Graecae, Latinaeque linguae cognitionem, in quibus non satis instructus erat. Quamvis Metamorphosis Ovidii ab eo versa, & Psalmi Davidis satis indicant, non vulgari doctrina fuisse praeditum. Boissardi Bibliotheca. Poëte de Princes & Prince de Poëtes de son aage. Antoin Verd. Biblioth.

[Page 257]In the Vulgar tongue he surmounted far all Poets that either were before his daies, or that lived also in his time. He turned 50 of Davids Psalms into French Meeter, which are read with admiration of his excellent wit. He set them forth at Genevah, for he might not safely longer abide in France for suspition of Luthe­ranism. See Pasquiers Recherches de la France, l. 7. c. 5.

Marguerite Queen of Navarre, Sister to Francis the first. Princesse qui a esté sonne: rainement parfaicta en poësie, docte en philosophie, a escrit en sa langue autant doctement (selonque portoit le temps auquel elle vivoit) que les Grecs ou les Latins out faict en la beur Bibliotheque La D' Antoine Du Verdier.

There are her Memoires. In the Epistle to the Reader are these words, Que Rome vante tant qu' il luy plaira les Commentaires de son premier Empereur, La France a maintenant les memoires d' une grande Roine qui ne leur cedent en rien.

Her Poeticall Works are joyned together.

Marsilius de Sancta Sophia. Celebratur à Plinio Secun­do pro re ma­ximè mitabili, quòd in una familia Cu­rionum, tres continuata serie oratores extiterin. At quanto majori celebritate digna res est, quòd Sancta Sophia nobilis familia Paravii habuer it continuata serie sep [...]em philosophos, simulque illustres medicos, ut quasi prodigii loco haberi possit gentis hujus cognomen: quando sicut Sophiae nomine decoratur, sic etiam reipsa in ea tam diu perfusus Sophiae splendor illuxerit. Bernardinus Scardeonius De Clar. Medic. & Philosoph. Patav.

He was the sonne of Nicolas Sancta Sophia.

He wrote many things most worthy to be known, of healing sicknesses.

His Opera varia are in Oxford Catalogue.

M. Valerius Martialit, a witty Poet but too obscene.

Scriverius hath many Elogies of him in his Comment. Floruit à Christi natali anno ferrè centesimo. Biblioth. Hispan. Juvenalis, Martialis, Sta [...]ius Poetae, item Quintilianus, Josephus, Phi­lo &c. sub Domiciano scripserunt. Calvis. Chronol. Multa sunt ejus epigrammata divina: in quibus & sermonis castitas & argumenti species luculenta est, versus verè candidi, numerosi, pleni; denique optimi. Alia foeda ne legerim quidem, tantum abest ut ad censuram vocem Scalig. Hypercrit. c. 6. Vir fuit, ut Plinii verbis utar, in­geniosus, acu [...]us, acer, & qui plurimum in soribendo & salis haberet & fellis, nec candoris minus. Cui quantum accedendum censeam, haud facilè dixerim, non certe ejus omnia epigrammata, nec plurima quidem video doctis placere: Romae diu versatus est, Domitiani, Nervae, & Trajani temporibus, id quod ex ipsius versibus, facile colligitur. Lil. Greg. Gyrald. De Poet. Histor. Dial. 10.

Matthias Martinius, Professor of Divinity and Rector of Brema.

Some much prize Theologos Bremenses & Salmurienses. Alma illa op­timorum in­geniorum nu­trix, Germa­nia, & in ea illustre vestrum Gymnasium, multos pietate, ingenio & eruditione insignes juvenes ad nos transmisit S. Amam. Matthiae Martinio.

His Lexicon Philologicum is very well esteemed of.

Petrus Martinius.

He hath put out an Hebrew and Chaldee Grammer, which is englished by John Vdall with Observations upon it.

Peter Martyr, a Learned Italian. Anno à parta salute 1500. Tanto fuit ingenio, tam excellenti do­ctrina, ea praeterea pietate, modestia, morumque facilitate, ut non modo iis quibuscum vixit, gratus, charus, reverendus fuerit, sed ab hostibus quoque & adversariis inter summos numeratus sit, & admirationi illis fuerit. Orat. de vita & obitu Pet. Mat. Natione Italus, Italiam ob Evangelii professionem relinquere coactus multum valet eloquen­tia, & in tribus linguis eruditionis est Clarissimae. Gesn. Biblioth.

He was born at Florence the most flourishing City not onely of Hetruria, but of all Italy.

Of whom I cannot speak without great reverence, B. Jewels Def. of his Apol.

At Padua he first obtained a full knowledge of the Greek tongue, and of Phi­losophy, afterward at Bononia he diligently studied the Hebrew tongue and Di­vinity. He was at first a Monk, and was counted the chief of his order; but when he more seriously punished their loose lives, he got thereby much envy.

[Page 258]He hath written Common-places, a large Opus longè accuratissi­mum, in quo quicquid de Eucharistia in sacris lite­ris, Patrum, Conciliorum­que monumentis proditum est, accuraté & Copiosè tractatur. Verheiden. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 3. Book in defence of Bishop Cranmer against Gardiner of the Eucharist: and excellently expounded divers books of Scripture, Genesis, Judges, Kings, Samuell, the Epistle to the Romans, the first Epistle to the Corinthians, and hath published other Treatises.

He was Canon of Christ-Church in Oxford, as is said in his life, and as he himself affirms in his Epistles.

Andreas Masius, a great Linguist.

Vir fuit [...]: nam praeter Italicam, Gal­licam, Hispa­nicam, cete­rásque Euro­pae linguas, & jam Latinae, Graecae, He­braicae atque Syriacae cognitione non vulgari claruit. Valeri Andreae Bibliotheca Belgica. Bruxellensis omnium seculorum memoria vir dignissimum. Swertii Athenae Belgicae. Doctissimus [...]osuae interpres. Geneb. Chronol. l. 1. Vir Syncero, Candido, & aperto Ingenio; ad haec rarâ & reconditâ doctrinâ praeditus, & qui ad Hebraicae, Chaldaicae, ac caeterarum Orientalium linguarum cognitionem, summam animi pietatem & exactum rerum sa­crarum studium artulerat, variaque in eo genere Commentatus fuerat: plura etiam daturus, si viro bono per vale­tudinem ferè semper adversam licuisset. Specimen eorum praebent doctissimi & accuratâ diligentrâ scripti in Jo­suam Commentarii, ante biennium ab ipso auctore publicati. Thuan. Hist, Tom. 3. l. 56. Praeter eximiam La­tinae, Graecae, Hebraicae, & linguarum exoticarum cognitionem, cum Romae ageret, tantam linguae Syriacae noticiam, Mose Mardeno, Patriarchae Antiocheni ad Gregorium XIII. Pónt. Max. Legato, docente, brevi ad­secutus est, ut aliquanto post Nestoriani populi patriarcha pariter Romam veniente. Nemo illo aptior repertus sit, qui quas hic a suis popularibus attulerat Syriacas litteras, interpretaretur. Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgica.He hath written Learnedly on Joshua, and assisted Arias Montanus in the edi­tion of the King of Spains Bible, and first of all illustrated the Syriack Idiome with Grammaticall Precepts and a Lexicon. There was a great familiarity between him and Laevinus Torrentius and Augerius Busbequius, and at Rome he was inti­mate with Antonius Augustinus, and other Learned men.

He saith in his Preface to his Grammer of the Syriack tongue, that Moses Mardenus was his Master, Ipsum Romae privatim interdum audiebam doctorem.

Masorites. Masoreth est sepes legis.

They observed not only how many words, but also how many syllables all the Books of Scripture contained.

Christianus Massaeus.

He hath written Chronicorum l. 20. In quo mirum adeò illud fuit, virum occupatissimum atque assiduis ludi curis implicatum, tantum otii decidere potuisse, ut praeter Grammaticas Pra­ceptiones, Chronicorum Libro: XX. ab orbe condito ad annum usque sui seculi decimi quinti quadragesimum, Ka­lendariis Aegyptio, Hebraico, Macedonico & Romano praemissis, commentaretur. Quae de Psalmorum Titulis à Joan. Trithemio (quo cum de studiis per litteras saepe communicabat) eximie laudata conscripsit, an lucem aliquando viderint, ignoro. Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgica.

Papyrius Massonius.

Non tam undiquaque Pontificius, quin verò Pontificum vitia libere fareatur. Mortoni Causa Regia, c. 3. Sect. 19.Such a Writer of the French Chronicle as Camden of the English.

Papyrii Massoni Annalium libri quatuor. Quibus res gestae Francorum ex­plicantur.

Antonius Matthaeus, a Learned Lawyer.

His father was Conradus Matthaeus Professor at the University of Marpurg. He had three brothers famous for Learning, and four sonnes Professors in four Uni­versities.

Vide vitas Profes. Grouingae, There his Works are mentioned.

Petrus Matthaeus Praestantis­fimus hujus aetatis Histo­ [...]iographus. Meric. Casaub. [...]ietas., a famous Historian.

Pierre Matthieu in French.

He hath written opus Historicum politicum, and divers historicall things in French.

Petrus Andreas Matthiolus, a great Herbalist.

He hath written Learned Commentaries on Dioscorides his six Books de medica materia.

[Page 259] Maximilian the Emperour was learned himself, he imitating the example of Julius Caesar, did write in Latine his own Acts and Feats done, and that very ex­actly. He was also a singular Patron and advancer of Learned Students, as may well appear by the erecting and setting up of the University of Wirtenberg.

Barthol. Mayerus, a very Learned man, as his Philologia Sacra shews.

CHAP. XII.

JOseph Mede, a Learned Divine of our own.

There is his

Clavis Apocalyptica, and many English Works.

De Medicis.

The House de Medicis in Florence hath been and still is a great favourer of Learning and Learned men. Mediceorum nomen, etsi pluribus de causis fuit ce­lebre, hac ta­men potissi­mum re cele­brius evasit, quòd Musas è Graecia exu­lantes hospi­tio exceperint, & libris prae­sertim Graecis maximo sumptu tota Graecia, & Asia conquisitis non solum Bibliothecam instituerunt & ornarunt, sed bonarum ardium studia in Italia, non sine magnis impensis foverunt. Cosmus enim senior insignem construxit Bibliothecam, quam Petrus ejus filius, nec non Julianus, & Laurentius Cosmi Nepotes, & Petri filii auxerunt, viri sane clarissimi, & bonarum artium, nominisque Platomei, ejusque doctrinae cultores. Ang. Roccha Append. Biblioth. Vatic. De Biblioth. Medicorum domus publicum omni doctrinae liberali hospirium Florentiae fuit, & Cosmus Medicus magnus propterea cognominatus est. Hic enim Chrysolo [...]as primus Graecas literas tota Europa La­tina multis jam seculis inter mortuas excitavit, unde Luteriam à Tifernate Chrysoloiae discipulo protinus indeque in omnes Europae regiones delarae sunt. Hic Argyropylus Graece Aristotelis Philosophiam docuit, & è Graece in Latinum conversam, Cosmo nuncupavit. Rami Praefat. 3 da Mathematicae. Vide plura ibid. & Pet. Crinit. De Honesta Disciplina l. 15. c. 9. & Paul. Jov. de vita Leonis decimi l. 1. & Pauli Manut. Praefat. ad Epist. See Les. Vies Des Hommes Illustres du nom de Medicis by Le Brillant.

They give three Pills still for their Arms.

Cosmi de Medicis, was a lover and preferren of Learned men, for he brought unto Florence Argyropylus a Grecian born, and in that time of singular Learning, that the youth of Florence might be by him instructed in the Greek tongue, and other good Learning. He intertained in his house Marsilius Ficinus, a second Father of the Philosophy of Plato, and entirely loved him. Machiav. Hist. of Florence. l. 7.

His Sepulchre in the Church of Laurence in Florence, is of Marble, with this inscription,

Decreto Publico Pater Patriae.
Vide Leand. Alb. Descript. Ital. in Thuscia.

Laurentius de Medicis his grandchilde was a lover of Learning. Papyrius Masso­nies hath written his life well. He greatly esteemed men that excelled in any Art. He marvellously delighted in Musick, Architecture and Poetry, as many of his own verses and Commentaries yet extant do testifie. He erected an University in Pisae, whither he brought the most excellent men of all Italy.

Laurentius Medicis maxima hac tempestate studiorum patronus: qui missis per uni­versum terrarum orbem nunciis in omni disciplinarum genere libros summa ope conqui­rit. Polit. Epist. l. 2. Epist. 6. Vide etiam l. 3. Epist. 6. & l. 4. Ep. 2. & l. 8. Epist. 1. & l. 11. Epist. 25.

Pope Leo the tenth was his Great Grandchild.

Petrus Medices.

Non minus jam sua: quam familiae gloria: scilicet in quo patris ingenium: patrui virtus: patrui magni humanitas: avi probitas: proavi prudentia: Polit. Epist. l. 12. Epist. 7. Avus tuus, magnanime Laurenti, mag­nus Cosmus, Petrus deinde pius genitor me à teneris annis, quo philosophari possem, suis opibus aluerunt. Ficini proaem. ad Laurent. Med. de Religione Christiana. pietas abavi reviviscit: omnium vero majorum suorum liberalitas: omniumque animus.

Petrus Medices Laurentii filius, vir & Graecis & Latinis litteris, optimè, quod omnes fateamini, peritus. Nam hoc & scripta ejus indicant, & quaedam ex Plutarcho, de Amore conjugali, quae vidimus, traducta ab eo locupletissimè testantur. Pier. Valer. De Litteratorum infelicitate l. 2. Vide plura ibid.

[Page 260] Jo. de Medina.

There were three famous Medina's: John, Michael, Bartholomew. Tres illustres Medinae cog­nomento scri­ptores fuisse competi. Joannem quidem Theologum Complutensem, Michaelem verò familiae Divi Francisci, Bartholomaeum autem pro­fessorem Salmanticae vidimus. Biblioth. Hispan.

Jo. de Medina hath written

De Paenitentia, restitutione, & contractibus.

Michael Medina.

He hath written

De Sacrorum hominum continentia.

De recta in Deum fide.

Barth. à Medina hath written

In primam Secundae. In tertiam D. Thomae usque ad quaestionem sextam.

Joannes Henricus Meibomius.

He hath published

Commentarium in Jus jurandum Hippocratis.

Maecenatis vitam.

Marcus Meibomius.

Antiquae Mu­sicae Auctores Sep [...]em Graece & Latine.He hath put out Greek Authours of the Ancient Musick in two Volumes with Notes.

Balthasar Meisuerus Acutus quidem Phi­losophus, sed superbus & magnorum virorum insignis contemptor. Baron. Philos. Theol. ancillans de ori­gine animae Art. 8. Exercit. 2., Learned but haughty.

Adolphus Mekerckus, vulgò Meetkercke, a Learned searcher of Antiquities.

He wrote

De veteri & recta pronunciatione linguae Graecae.

Pomponius Mela Anno Aerae Christianae 41. H [...]lv. Chron., a Learned ancient Geographer.

Philip Theologiae Corcu [...]m [...]e forma [...]ae. Montac. Praefat. ad Apparatum. Natione Ger­manus, & totius Germa­niae summum decus, unus ex primis & praecipuis re­nascentis lite­rariae rei pub­licae, omnisque sapientiae re­virescentis parentibus ac restauratoribus, aeterna posterorum memoria dignissimus. Multum ei debet Ecclesis, multum quicunque bonas artes & studia amplectuntur. Gesu. Biblioth. Vide Thuan. Hist. tom. 1. l. 26. Philippus Melancthon libe [...]a [...]ium artium ac Philosophiae magister, anno aetatis suae 22. Wirebergam vocatus est, ut in tanta corona doctissimorum virorum Graecam linguam doceret. Urbem paulò pòst ingressus est 25 die Augusti, eodem hoc anno Domini 1518. Bunt [...]gi Chronologia. Theologus & Philosophus aetatis suae post Lutherum, facile princeps▪ & omnium fe [...]è in Germania eruditorum communis praeceptor. Melch. Ad. in vita Wigandi. Hoc tan­tum dicam, Locos tuos illes p [...]iotes, fuisse mihi primum ad perfectam Christi cognitionem paedagogum, quantum aurem quisque debeat suis primis praeceptoribus, illis praesertim qui nos in vera Christi cognitione catechila [...]unt: tuo optimè nosti. Te igitur observari à me, & fieri quam maximi, potes ex hoc uno colligere. Zanch. Epist. l. 2. Melanchr. M [...]lancthon. He was a great Mathematician.

Fuit Philippus ver certè magnus (ut totus novit orbis Christianus) singulari pis­tate, summa eruditione. non vulgari judicio. Cui omnes Scholae & Ecclesiae, om­nesque literati debent plurimum. Zanch. Epist. l. 2. Pezelio.

He was excellently learned, not only in Divinity, but also in the Tongues and Sciences, and generally in all good Learning. For what Art or Science was not polished with his Learned hand? He fyled the Tongue with his Precepts of Rheto­rick. He made reason more reasonable by his skilfull rules of Logick. He lift up our heads to behold the starres, and taught us to look back into the times that are past. Travers Answ. to a Popish Treatise.

David Chytraeus Adhortat. Ad Orat. Melancth. saith, Plus Rerum & doctrinae ac sapientiae salutaris, in una Philippi orationum pagina inesse, quàm in Ciceronianis aut Demosthenicis aliquot, utcunque verborum splendore, copia & collocatione con­cinna praestent.

There is a Book (they say, but I cannot meet with it) styled Crisis Melancto­niana, or Judicium de legendis Authoribus, his judgement of Authors collected out of his Works.

Melancthon thus wrote down before his death, the motives of his willingnesse to leave this world,

A Sinistris.
  • [Page 261]Discedes à Peccatis:
  • Liberaberis ab aerumnis & à Rabie Theo­logorum.
A Dextris.
  • Venias in Lucem:
  • Videbis Deum:
  • Intuebiris filium Dei:
  • Disces illa mira arcana quae in hac vitae intelligere non potuisti:
  • Cur sic simus conditi:
  • Qualis sit copulatio duarum naturarum in Christo.

Fearfulnesse was a stain in all his excellencies.

Dominus eum fortiore spiritu instruat, ne gravem ex ejus timiditate jacturam sen­tiat posteritas. Calvinus Joanni Sleidano.

Philippus timidus est, ita ut saepenumero agat, quae non probet. Zanch. Epist. l. 2. Bullingers.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these Verses of Melancthon,

Doctrina volito clarus super aesthera quamvis
Cognomen dederit terra nigella mihi.

Andrew Melvin.

A learned Scotchman, an excellent Poet.

Some of his Poems are printed,

He was committed for writing Verses against the Altar in White-Hall, and the Lady Arabella was committed for being contracted to the Earl of Hartford, there­by having a greater Title to the Crown, and so in likelihood of causing Com­motions.

He made these Verses of the Lady Arabella,

Causa mihi tecum communis Carceris ara
Bella tibi causa est Carceris, ara mihi.

Dr. Barlow Bishop of Lincoln made these Verses of him,

Cor tibi felle nigrum est & aceto lingua redundat,
Ex melle & vino quam male nomen habes.

Menander an ancient Poet. Inter omnes novae Come­diae Poetas facile princepa. Lil. Greg. Gyrald. De Poet. Histor. Dial. 7.

Menasseh Judaeus sin­gulari mode­stia, & lauda­bili S. Scriptu­ras Vet. Test. explicandi studio praeditus; de quo spes non infirma, fore, ut arbori, ex qua excidit, inseratur. Dilher. Di­sputat. Acad. Tom. 1.17. Dissertat. Ben Israel, a learned Jew living at Amsterdam.

He hath put out a Book in Latine, entitled Conciliator, in which he endeavours to reconcile out of the Writings of the Rabbins Loca Pentateuchi [...].

Jacobus Menochius. A learned Lawyer of great fame.

His Works are in nine Volumes in Oxford.

Stephanus Menochius.

He hath written a brief and literal Explication of all the Scripture, collected out of the best Authors, and also a learned Treatise De Republica Hebraeorum.

Paulus Anno Christi 1539. Milissus Schedius a learned Poet.

He hath put out

Schediasmata Poetica.

Epigrammata in urbes Italiae.

Gerard Mercator, a most famous Mathematician and Cosmographer, Temporum emendatissi­mus scriptor. [...]ed. De Repub. l. 4. c. 2. Mathematicorum sui temporis princeps. Fuit home sedatissimo ingenio, singulari animi c [...]ndore, pacis & tranquillitatis tum publicae tum pri [...]atae autentissimus. Swertli Athenae Belgicae. Vide Thuan. hist. tom. 5. l. 109. Pinacographus acutissimus, idem (que) Mathematicus peritissimus. Ful Miscel. Sac. l. 2. c. 5. and the Ptolomy of our age, he was born at Rapelmonda in Flanders.

[Page 262] Quatuor lin­guarum peri­tissimus, ad in­credibilem di­ligentiam acer­rimum judici­um attulit, ac­cedente rursus ad eximiam doctrinam candore, modestiâ & summâ morum innocentiâ, adeo ut ex ipsius poene unius Scholâ, quicunque in Gallia hodiè paullò melius Chaldaicam & Hebraicam linguam callent. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 56. Corpore fuit gracili & à studiorum laboribus macilento, sed voce robusta & virili quae auditorium probè impleret, temperantia autem, pudore, modestia & caeteris animi bonis supra variae doctrinae laudem nulli se­cundus. Scaev. [...]amarth. Elog. Gall. Jo. Mercerus, a learned Protestant. A man singularly versed in the Hebrew Tongue, and Hebrew Writers.

He succeeded Vatablus in the profession of the Hebrew Tongue at Paris.

He escaped (as I have heard) at the great Massacre at Paris, being thrown into the River, and lived after, and put forth his learned Commentary on Genesis.

Joannes Mercerus, vir totius humanioris literaturae intelligentissimus, Regius Hebraeae linguae Professor, eruditione solertia, diligentiáque praestantissimus. Prane Jun. Orat. Funeb. in obitum Lucae Trelcatii. Vide Ludovic. Elsevir Praefat. ad L [...]cto [...]em ante Comment. Mercer. in lib Job.

Josias Mercer Vir eruditis­simus, magni illius Johannis filius tali pa­rente dignissi­mus. Casaub. in in Spartian. not. Galliarum lumen tanto patre dignissimus filius. Montacut. Antidiat. Vide [...] Prolego [...]d Solinum. Et Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 56. Fa­mae alicujus radius tibi quoque illucet à magno [...] virtus c [...]ara apud omnes. Et tu succe­des, imo praecedes: si pergis modo in hoc [...] studio [...] recto & foelici pede. Nam notae tuae ad Cornelium nostrum quas mittis (verè non blande dicam) vix tuae aetatis. Lips. Epist. Cent. 1. Epist. 32. Jofiae Merecro., a Frenchman, and Sonne to John Mercer, as Thuanus and others say.

He hath written learnedly upon Tacitus.

Josias Mercorus praestantissimi ingenii vir, nec doctrina tantùm & eruditione, sed & singulari rerum agendarum solertia [...], Salmas [...]i socer, notis suis ad Novium Grammaticum. Herald. Animadvers [...]. Observat. Ad Jus Att. & Rom. lib. 4. cap. 1.

Hier. Mercurialus, a learned Physician of Padua.

Vir doctis­simus. Casaub. Not. ad Diog. Laert. Medicus celebris sed homo [...]. Scalig. Animadvers. in Euseb.His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

Ethnicorum Pontificum princeps Her­mes: quem tanto in hono­re Aegyptii ha­buerunt, ut in Deorum nu­merum referre­tur. Crakanth. De Provi. Dei. Mercurius Trismegistus.

A noble and excellent Mathematician, called by the Aegyptians Trismegistus, be­cause he was a most excellent Philosopher, a soveraign Priest, and a most vertuous King.

His Works are in one Volume.

Marinus Mersennus.

Leo Allatius in his Apes Vrbanae speaks honourably of him, and M r Solden often mentions him with respect.

His Life is lately written in French by a French man, where his several Works are mentioned.

Quaestiones celeberrimae in Genesin cum accurata textus explicatione.

La veritè des sciences.

L' Harmonie vniverselle, contenant la Theorie & la Pratique de lae Musique, with many others.

Fuit quidem Merlinus vir in rerum natura­lium cognitio­ne, & praecipuè in Mathesi vel ad miraculum usque eruditus: quo nomine Princibus ejus aetatis meritó gratissimus erat. Lelandi Assertio Arturii. Merlinus.

He is commonly called Merlin the Prophet, though some question whether there were such a one.

There is in Oxford Catalogue under him.

Expositio de arcano lapidis, and in the Appendix Ses propheties & histoires.

Peter Merlin a godly and learned French Divine, who was Bezas Scholar, and miraculously preserved, when there was a great Massacre of the Protestants at Paris on Bartholomew-day.

[Page 263]He hath put out an Exposition upon Job and Esther.

Georgius Merula.

There are in Politians sixth Book of Epistles, the second, and the third, and the eighth against him, and in his eleventh Book of Epistles, Epist. first and second against him, to which Merula answers Epist. 5 th and 7 th, and Politian replies Ep. 6 th and 10 th.

Paulus Merula.

After many voyages he was made Professour of History in his own Countrey in Holland.

He hath three Books of General Cosmography, and four Books of particular Geography. Juris, historiae, antiquitatum, variarum lin­guarum Callentissimus, & in istis omnibus cum paucis comparabilis. Boxborn. Theat. Holland.

D. Methodius a Christian Poet, and Martyr. Methodius Graecus (nam plures fuerunt) Tyri Episcopus, florult circa 255. Domini annum. Illyr. Catal. Test Verit. l. 2. Christianus Poeta & Martyr sub Decio & Valeriano Martyrii coronam adeptus sub est. Lil. Gyrald. De Poet Hist. Dial. 5.

Jo. Meursius, a most learned man, Quo vix alius literis minori tractabat ambitio­ne. Vossius De vitiis Sermonis l. 2 c. 2. Ad Graecae linguae studi­um natura pronior, vix tredecim annorum carmen scribebat. Remotissimam Graeciae historiam & sepultas poene cum ipso tempore Anti­quitates, eruit. Meursi Athenae Batavae, & Swertii Athenae Belgicae. Anno aetatis decimo sexto in Lycophronem obscurissimum totius Graeciae Poetam: Commentari insticait. Meursi Athen. Bat. l. 2.

Vir meritorum in Remp. litterariam clarissimorum. Dilh. Disputat. Acad.

Minutius Foelix Octavius, Anno Dom 230.

He was a famous pleader of Causes at Rome, contemporary to Tertullian. Romae insignis Causidicus scripsit dialo­gum Christiani & Ethnici disputantium, qui Octavius inscribitur Jac. Fris. Biblioth. Philos. Nihil certi fortassis de ipsius aetate definire potero, quantum ramen colligere licet, incidisse in tempora Severi Imperatoris non omnino à vero abludere videtur. Adnumeratur enim ab antiquis iis scriptoribus, qui ejus imperio illustres enituerunt. Ju­niorem quid [...]m, sed ferè aequaevum Tertulliano crediderim. Joan. à Wower. ad Minut. Foel. Octav. Not. Aequalem Tertulliano Minutium fuisse semper mihi persuasi & quae in utroque scriptore totidem verbis perscripta extant, uter ab altero mutuatus sit dubito. Sub Heliogabalo ambos scripsisse verisimile est. Jos. Scalig. in Epist. ad Johan Wower.

Jo. Picus Mirandula.

He was skilled in the Greek, Latine, Hebrew, Chaldee and Arabick Tongues. Obiit anno Salutis 1449. vixit annos XXXII. Propter gene­ris nobilitatem & raram sin­gularemque formosissimi corporis & animi pulchritudinem, venustatem, Phoenix cognominatus, vir ingenii pene prodigiosi; & in omnium artium scientiarum & linguarum varietate usque ad miraculum exculti. Sixt. Senens. Biblioth. l. 4. Inter Nongentas Theses, quas Romae publicè dispuravit, hae leguntur, utrum Corpus Christi in Coelo localiter, in Altari sacra­mentaliter. Non potest per Dei potentiam idem Corpus esse simul in diversis locis, nempe quod induceretur impli­catio contradictionis, quod ex Thoma Aquinate tuetur. Morn. myst. Iniq. Phoenix seculi sui, illustris vir Picus Mi­randula, delitiae musarum, atque alumnus Philosophiae. calig. Comment. in l. 3. Manil. Mirandulae Comes vir ingenio & doctrina pro aetate maximus. Bellarm. De Script. Eccles.

Johannes Picus Earl of Mirandula. That Phoenix of Learning (as appears in the entrance of his Apology) proposed openly at Rome nine hundred Questions in all kinde of faculties to be disputed, inviting all strangers thither, from any part of the known world, and offering himself to bear the charge of the travel, both coming and going, and during their abode there.

His Epitaph composed by Tibaldeus runs thus,

Iohannes jacet hic Mirandula, caetera norunt
Et Tagus, & Ganges, forsan & Antipodes.

D r Hackw. Apol. l. 3. c. 6. Sect. 2.

Vir sane prae omnibus quae sint: quique fuerint admirandus. Polit. Epist. lib. 7. Epist. 5. Baccius Ugolinus Roberto Salviato.

Qui tam multis unus bonis abundat, ut unus omnium laudes exhauriat. Polit. Ugo­lino Ep. 6. ibid.

[Page 264] Gratulatus sum huic saeculo virum tanta doctrina: ut nihil feré: tanta cura: ut nihil omnino scire videatur. Video te poetam egregium: oratorem eminentissimum. Animadverto te Philosophum prius Aristotelicum: nunc etiam Platonicum esse fa­ctum. Videris literas Graecas quae in te solae desiderari poterant: & sine quibus nihil eras futurus non didicisse modo: sed haufisse. Polit. Epist. lib. 9. Ep. 3. Manil.

De isto prae cunctis admirando: non Pico jam sed (ut ipse appellare soleo) phoenice potius: qui nunc in tua lauru indificat. Polit. Praefat. ad Miscel. Ad Laur. med. Vide etiam Miscel. Cent. 1. ad finem.

Johan. Franc. Picus Mirandula his Nephew was also most learned in Greek and Latine.

Extant ejus sacra po [...]mata suis quoque Commentariis illustrata, ne legentibus mi­nus clara viderentur: & libri de veritate fidei Christianae, in quibus disciplinarum omnium aceruus eminet. Paul. Jov. Elog. Doctorum virorum. Both their Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

Rerum Belgi­carum ac totius Historiae Ecclesiasticae eximiè peritus. Gassend. De vit. Peiresk. l. 2. Bruxellensis nascitur anno Domini 1573. Vir historiae Ecclesiae cognitione inprimis excellens. Swertii Athenae Belgicae. Aubertus Miraeus, very skilfull in Ecclesiastical History.

CHAP. XIII.

Imprimis & jam memoran­dus M. S. tra­ctatus Italicas R. Iuda de Mo­deus etiam hodie archisy­nagogi apud Veneros, De Doctrina, moribus, & Ceremoniis Judaeorum. Post primam hujus Disp. editionem anno 1637, Videor mihi inaudivisse, tractatum illum R. Juda Modena typis descriptum nunc prostare. Voet. Select. Disput. Theol. par [...] secunda. De Judaismo. LEo Modena a Learned Jew now living.

He hath many things (in his Italian History, of the Rites, Customes and manner of Life, of the present Jews, throughout the world) of the Jewish matters, which are not in others.

It is translated into English by M r Chilmead of Christ-Church in Oxford, but I have heard that Master Selden had a Manuscript of Modenas, which had much more in it then there is in that in English.

Michoel Moestlinus.

Academiae Tubingensis Professor ma­thematum, cu­jus solida, in rebus Astrono­micis cogni­tio, & veritatis in his inquirendae, illustrandaeque studium eximium, inprimis commendabile mihi censetur. Tych. Brah. Lib. 2. De Cometa anni 1577.These of his Works are published,

Alterum examen Gregoriani Calendarii.

De dimensionibus orbium juxta Tabulas Prutenicas, ex sent. Nic. Copernici.

Epitome Astronomiae.

Lovaniensis, & Theologiae in celebri illa Academia pro­fessor historiae Ecclesiasticae, quam compluribus scriptis illustravit, admodum gnarus. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 4. l. 82. Joannes Molanus.

He hath written divers Works mentioned by Anton. Sanderus. De Scriptoribus Flandriae. l. 2.

Tam eruditio­ne ac judicio quam probitate conspicuus. Thuan. Hist. Tom 10. l. 6. Vide plura ibid. & Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 37. & Scav. Samarth. Gallorum doctrina illust. Elog. Carolus Molinaeus, a Learned Lawyer, and a Protestant.

His Life is written by Papirius Massonus.

Praeceptor quondam me­us in Philoso­phia peripatetica, à quo & unum me summa liberalium artium laurea in hac Academia decoratum fuisse non sine grati animi memoria recordor. Gerard. Voss. Orat. in obitum Erpen. Petrus Molinaeus.

Peter du Moulin, a Learned and pious French Divine, yet living.

[Page 265]I do admire him upon the Eucharist, and on Purgatory, he hath my heart when I reade his Consolations to his Brethren of the Church of France, as also in treat­ing of the love of God. I would willingly learn French to understand him only, and have a long time desired, and still do to get any thing that he hath written. D. Twisse.

Dominicus Molinus. Vir egregie de me, ac pluri­mis hominibus eruditis, & me­ritus & me­rens: quem verè Palladium musarum ac praesidium, & tutelam omnis doctrinae dixeris. Voss. De Histor. Lat.

Cujus benevolentia erga probos omnes & doctos viros (quotquot Sol aspicit & Solum sustinet) Patrio non clauditur Agro, sed latè conspicua pervagatur. Pignor. Symbol. Epist. Ep. 43.

Henricus Mollerus.

He hath written well on Esay, on the Psalms, Hosea and Malachy.

Richard Montague, a very expert Grecian, and a great Antiquary, Richardus Mon­tacutus erudi­tissimus vir, qui eruditionis suae specimen in editione ali­quot opusculo­rum Graeco­rum Nazian­zeni luculen, tum edidit. Scultet De curric. vitae. but an Ar­minian.

There are his

Analecta Ecclesiasticarum exercitationum.

Antidiatribae ad priorem partem diatribarum Jul. Caes. Bulengeri, adversus exercita­tiones If. Casaub.

Apparatus ad Origines Ecclesiast.

Diatribe upon the first part of Mr. Seldens History of Tithes, and other Works.

Arias Benedictus Arias Monta­nus linguae sanctae appri­mè peritus ac summè pius, Bibliis Complutensibus elegantiore formâ recudendis à Philippo destinatus, egregiam admodum operam in suorum editione cum Fabritiis Boderianis fratribus Falezianis Antuerpiae navavit, unde sibi aemulos tanto odio accendit, & in iis Leonem Castrensem, qui de LXX interpretibus Commentarium scripsit, ut ad Caussam dicendam citatus Ro­mam, vix Veniâ impetratâ protantorum laborum praemio seceslum in Baetica sua, in quo se bona conscientia fretus sacrorum librorum lectione ac lucubratione solaretur, acceperit. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. l. 120. Montanus, a great Linguist.

He was skilled in ten Languages.

De me, ac de meo labore & industria (quantalacunque ea est) nihil profiteor. Hoc tamen unum recensebo: me scilicet, continuo immortales Deo gratias agere, quòd de­ceus idiomatùm cognitionem mihi pro sua clementia & benignitate imperitus sit. Arias Mont. Praef. in Sac. Bib. Quadril. Reg. Edit.

A man that for his sincere dealing about the Kings Bible procured unto himself much hatred and ill will. Insomuch, that he was constrained to write an Apology of set-purpose, for to prove his integrity, wherein is contained a full satisfaction to all his Adversaries Objections, and the whole History of his troubles, the be­ginning, successe and progresse of that costly Work, written in the Spanish Tongue, never yet printed. The Copy was found at the surprize of Cales. D. Jam. his Def. of Bellum Papale.

Vir toto orbe celeberrimus qui Bibliis Regiis Antwerpiae praefuit. Gomarus.

Michael Montanus Michel De Montaign.

His elegant Books of Miscellanies written in French, and modestly styled Essayes, full of various Learning, and in which he freely discovers his own spirit, shew his love to the Muses.

He hath by that Book gotten a great opinion of his Learning and wisdom, and Rome hath chosen and adopted him for one of her Citizens. Vide Scaev. Samarth. Gallorum Elog. & Bibliotheque D' Antoine Du Verdier.

Ant. Montecatinus, an exquisite Aristotelian.

He hath written on Aristotles Politicks, and on some part of his Physicks.

On Plato's Book De Rep. & Legibus.

Olympia Fulvia Morata, a learned and pious woman. Morum san­ctimonia, in­genio & eru­ditione cum quavis prisci aevi com paranda foemina. Graecè & Latinè scribere eleganter, & versus utraque lingua pangere didicit. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 16.

Andivimus eam in aula ita latinè declamantem, Graecè loquentem, Ciceronis para­doxa explicantem, ad quaestiones respondentem, ut cum veterum puellorum quavis, [Page 266] quae quidem ingenii laude excelluerit, conferri posse videatur. Est literis & discipli­nis tum Graecis, tum Latinis, suprà quam quis credere possit, exculta, & sci­entia Religionis illustrata. Caelii S. Cur. Epist. l. 1. Xysto Betulcio. Vide plura ibid.

There are Orations, Dialogues, Epistles, Verses both Greek and Latine of hers, with the Testimonies of the Learned concerning her, and their Elogies.

There is an Epistle in the second book of her Epistles written by her husband Andreas Grunthler Doctor of Physick of her pious Death to Caelius Secundus Curio.

Sir Thomas More, sometimes L. Chancellor of England.

He was esteemed a man both witty and learned, but he was a bitter persecutor of good men, Thomas Morus aequalis fuit Joannes Fische­ri eique ami­cissimus & no­bilis Cohega martyrii: Fuit autem vir do­ctrina varia excultu, & in­genii amaenis­simi, quippe Theologus, Philosophus O [...]ator, Poera, Historicus, linguae G [...]aecae & La [...]i [...]ae peri [...]us. Bellarm. De Script. Eccles. Cujus opera & alia plurima opu [...]cula tam Latina quam vernacula lingua conscripta not [...]o [...]em re [...]dicerunt eruditionem ejus, quam ut à me opus sir praedicari. De moribus etiam qui lever [...]ssimè jud [...]cavi [...], dic [...]ci [...]atem solum reprehendant, tanquam ad sales & facetias (ne dicam scommaca) promptiorem, quam tanti [...] gravitatem deceret, quibus ne in [...]psa qui­dem calamitate, & mortis articulo vix aut ne vix abstinui [...]: Siquidem carceris custodi summum corporis indumen­tum tanquam ex consuetudine sibi debitum deposcen [...]i, pileum tradidit: Tonsori pro opere navato jam damnatus nihil à se deberi contendit, Regis il [...]ud esse caput dicens quod raferat: ut sui juris esse probaverit, amplissimam mercedem relatutum. Pegina sine locum supplicii conscensurus, manum praecedenti cuiquam porrexit, & ascendentem (inquit) a [...]juves quae [...]o, ad de [...]censum quod attinet non sum sollicitus Corvicem ve [...]o jamjam caedendam postquam su­pra stip [...]em objectam p [...]tenderer, barbam (quam prolixam alebat) manu amovit, capiti [...] non item barbae amputan [...]ae potestatem carnifici fact [...]m [...]enidenti vultu professus. Godw Rer. Angl. Annal. l. 1. Anglicus ille Socrates. Jul. Scalig Ep. and a wretched enemy against the truth of the Gospel, as by his Book may appear, wherein he writeth most slanderously and contumeliously against Lu­ther, Zuinglius, Tindal, Frith, Barns, Bayfield, Bainham. He stood wilfully in the Popes quarrel against his own Prince, though the Papists reckon him and Fisher among the number of their Martyrs. Foxes Act. and Monum. vol. 2. p. 353. And my L. Herbert of Henry the 8 th out of Fox.

He was so given to jesting and scoffing, that he continued it unto his death.

One of the Officers at the Tower demanding his upper garment for his Fee, meaning his Gown, he answered, that he should have it, and gave him his Cap, saying, it was the uppermost garment he had.

Qui tum alia eruditè scri­psit, tum etiam ad imitatio­nem Reipubli­cae Platonicae composuit de optimo Rei­publicae statu, deque nova in­sula Eutopia librum verè aureum nec minus saluta­rem quam fe­stivum. Neand. Geog.Coming to the Tower-gate, a poor woman called unto him, and besought him to declare, that he had certain evidences of hers, in the time that he was in Office (which after he was apprehended he could not come by) and that he would intreat that she might have them again, or else she was undone. He answered, Good woman have patience a little while, for the King is so good to me, that even with­in this half hour he will discharge me of all businesses, and help thee himself.

Also when he went up the stair of the Scaffold▪ he desired one of the Sheriffs Officers to give him his hand to help him up, he said, When I come down again, let me shift for my self so well as I can. Also the hang-man kneeled down to him, asking him forgivenesse of his death, as the manner is. To whom he answered, I forgive thee; but I promise thee that thou shalt never have honour of the striking off my head, my neck is so short. Also, even when he should lay down his neck on the block, he having a great gray-beard, stroaked out his beard, and said to the hang-man, I pray you let me lay my beard over the block, least you should cut it; others relate it thus, that he said, it never committed treason; thus with a mock he ended his life.

His English Works are mentioned by Maunsel in his Catalogue.

Joh Morinus, a Learned Papist.

There are his

Exercitationes Biblicae de Hebraeo Graecoque Textu. Exercit. Ecclesiasticae.

Phil Mornay, Lord of Plessis.

Philippus Mor­naeus P [...]esseus, vir inf [...]eni fa­cundia, & in explicancis negotiis soler­tia praeditus. Thuan. Hist. Tomo 4 to. l. 95.His Work concerning the truth of Christian Religion, was written in French against Atheists, Epicures, Paynims, Jews, Mahumetists, and other Infidels, be­gan to be translated by Sir Phil. Sidney, and at his request finished by Arthur Golding.

His other Works translated into English are mentioned by Maunsel.

[Page 267] Thom. Morton, Smithae a Chalced men­sis Ep [...]scupus nuncapativu [...], Theologus sane eruditus, cur in me vehementius excandesceret, rationem hanc reddidit, quod Pontificio [...] ex Ponti­ficiorum testimoniis impugnandi rationem, ut ait, primus injerim. Morton. Braefat. ad Refutat. Confut. C. [...] &c. Bishop.

He hath written learnedly against the Papists, confuting them from their own Au­thors. There is his Apologia Catholica, Causa Regia, Catholick Appeal, & other Works.

Thomas Morton. Tho Mortonus noster, acutus sa [...] accu [...]t­tusque Scri­ptu [...]ae sacrae interpres. Gatakeri Cinnus cap. 6.

He hath written a learned Commentary in Latine upon the first Epistle of Paul to the Corinthians.

And some English Tracts.

Simeon Muis, an excellent Hebrician. Quem ob [...]x­ce [...]atem r [...] rum Hebra [...] ­rum peri [...]i [...]u [...], egregia (que) in originalem divini foedetis literaturam merita praecipuo semper, ut par erat, loco ac numero habui. Dall [...]s.

He hath written well on all the Psalms, and also learnedly asserted the Hebrew truth against Morinus.

Sebastian Munster a Germane, a learned Hebrician and Mathematician. Natione Germanu [...], vit cum in veins lin­guis, tum Hebraica praecipuè doctus: & variis scientiis, maxime vero mathematicis praeclare imbutus: ingeri [...]sis ac piis lucubrationibus Germanice, Latine & Hebraice conscriptis, de bonis literis omnibus, linguis, philosophia, & theologia, optimè meritus est. Gesu Bibliothec. D [...]ctus sane vit fuit Munsterus, cui muitum debent literae He­braicae. Scalig. Elench. Trihares. Serar. c. 4. Duo sunt opera quae inter reliqua Munsterum clarum reddiderunt, He­braica scilicet Biblia cum planè nova ejus translatione, vetustissimis & probatissimis ejus linguae collaris undique scriptoribus, adjectis item adnotatioribus ex Rabinorum desumtis Commentariis: Alterum Cosmographi [...] [...] Carolo V consecrata, quae variis postea gentium linguis edita, mundo se suo passim exhibuit, spectandumque dedit. Verbeid. Praestant. aliquot. Theol. qui Rom. Antichrist. praecipuè oppugnarunt Effigies & Elogia. He was born Anno 1489.

Marcus Antonius Muretus, a very eloquent and diligent Writer. Magnum non fo [...]um Galilae nostrae, sed ip­sius Romae su­men. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 80. Vide etiam ejus Tomum 4 tum. l. 82. Suo ipsius in­gento & abs­que ulla p [...]aece­ptoris opera eruditus tantas in literis fecit progressus, ut praeter exactam Graecae linguae scientiam, ipsis etiam Italis peculiarem illam Latini sermonis laudem unus eriperet. Neque vero id Muretus in oratione soluta solùm, sed in versibus etiam affecutus est, in quibus tam erat Catullo similis quàm ipse Catullus sibi. Accedebat ad excellens & divinum illum ingenium incredibilis morum Candor & Urbanitas quae mirifica sua aetate hominum animos afficiebat atque attra­hebat. Scaev. Samarth. Gallorum doctrina illust. Elog. Vir, in quo non eruditio solùm varia, sed comitas etiam & lepos multus. Lipsius De Recta pronunciat. Lat. Ling. c. 1.

What Latine Author hath he passed by, either Historian, Oratour or Poet, which he hath not explained, amended and restored to his purity, either with his Commentaries Scholia, or Notes? Terence, Petronius, Tibullus, Catullus, Proper­tius, Tully, Seneca, Salust, Tacitus; and how learned he was, his book of divers readings sheweth.

His excellent Orations shew his great eloquence. Quis humiliae subtilius, ampla sublimius, mediocria temperatius, potuit dicere? quibus virtutibus, perfecti oratoris laus continetur. Jani Nicii Erythraei Pinacotheca. Vide plura ibid.

Gesner, mentions his Latine works, and Antoine Du Verdier his French.

Musaeus. Musaeus Orphaei filius, vel aemulus, & Linus circa Trojana tempora floruerunt. Geneb. Chronol. lib. 2.

He wrote the loves of Leander and Herûs, he lived (saith Vossius, De Poetis Gra­cis c. 9.) sub Augustis, & quidem post quartum seculum.

Wolfangus Musculus, a judicious and solid Divine Anno 1497. Magni inter suos nominis Theologus, qui Monasticam olim, dein abjecto Cucullo Protestantium doctrinam professus, vitam aliquando opere manuario texttinam exercens toleravit; postea seriò animum ad litteras jam aetate provectior appulit, in quibus improbo la­bore tantum profecit, ut famam concionibus quaesitam etiam laboriosissimis editis in S. Scripturam Commentariis auxerit. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 34. Mi Pater Muscule, ego omnes viros doctos & pios observo & colo: sed mihi credas, te, Bullingerum, & Martyrem meum, singulari & pecullari non dicam tantum observantia, sed amore quo­dam tenero complector, ut majori etiam fiducia mihi videar posse vobiscum quàm cum aliis uti: In caussa est v [...]str [...] singularis non doctrina tantùm & pietas, sed etiam humanitas, spiritus lenitas, & morum suavitas. Zanch. epist. ad Musc.

He hath written Commentaries

[Page 268] In Genes.

In Psalmos. Fol.

In Isaiam. Fol.

In Matthaeum. Fol.

In Iohannem. Fol.

In Ep. ad Rom. & Corinth.

In Epist. ad Gal. & Ephes.

In Ep. ad Phil. Colos. Thess. & ad Tim.

And Loci Communes Theologi.

Joachimus Mynsingerus, Anno Christ. 1514.

His Commentary upon Justinians Institutions is well liked.

He hath written other Works mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue.

The End of the fourth Book.

THE FIFTH BOOK. Of such as were Famous for ZEAL IN THE True RELIGION, Or in any Kinde of Learning.

CHAP. I.

N

CN. Naevius, A famous ancient Poet. Laus est Nae­vii, quòd pri­mus carmine signarit bellum Romanum & luculentè qui­dem. Voss. De Histor. Lat. l. 1. c. 2. Comicus illu­stris est habi­tus, Campanus fuit, ut à Gellio traditur in Atticis noctibus. Scripsit praeter Punicum bellum Comaedi­as ac Tragaedias stilo inprimis erudito & gravi, ut veteres testantur. Boxhorn. Monum. illust. virorum & Elog.

Naevius in manibus non est: & mentibus haeret
Poene recens: adeo sanctum est vetus omne Poema.
Horat. l. 2. Ep. 1.

Petrus Nannius a general Scholar, thought worthy to suc­ceed Conradus Goclenius in Collegio trilingui at Lovain.

He died there Anno 1557. he hath written much.

His Works are mentioned by Melchior Adam in his Life.

[Page 270] Franciscus Nansius. Vossius in his Book De Constructione c. 62. cals him Doctissi­mum praeceptorem suum, and quotes his Notes on Nonnus.

John Napier a Scot. L. of Marcheston younger.

He was the inventer of the Logarithmes.

He hath written well upon the Revelation.

Scripsit my­thologiae, sive explicationum fabularum li­bros 10. In quibus omnia propè naturalis Philosophiae dogmata sub antiquorum fabulis contenta fuisse demonstratur Venet. 1568. Gosner. Biblioth. Natalis Comes, Venetus, a most learned Writer.

He composed thirty Books of History in a learned and grave style, and wrote ten Books of Mythology, a learned and laborious Work, in which he demonstrates, that almost all the opinions of Natural Philosophy was contained under the fables of the Ancients.

R. Mardochai Scripsit li­brum hoc ti­tulo Illuminans semitam, id est, Concordantias Hebraicas, in quibus juxta scriem alphabeti singulorum vocabulorum radices, & significationes posuit, & his exempla omnia, quae in Bibliis reperiuntur, subjecit. Alsted Encyclop. l. 32. c. 10. Nathan.

Inscriptis Talmudicis versatissimus L' Empereur Talmud. Babyl. Cod. mid. cap. 4. Sect. 1.

There is

His Hebrew Concordance of the Bible.

Gabriel Nau­daeus Parisius, nominis inter literatos ma­gni. Gassend. De vita Peireskii. lib. 4. Gabriel Naudaeus, a learned Frenchman.

He wrote Advis pour dresser une Bibliotheque: De Studio Liberali Syn­tagma.

Joannes Nauclerus, nobilis Suevus, fuit filius Joannis Vergae, vulgo Verganhaus, quod nantam notat; unde Nauclerus Graeca appellatione Quomodo Joannes Reuch­linus ab Her­molao Barba­ro Graeco no­mine dictus Capnio, & Philippus, cujus familia à nigro solo vocatur, Graecum Melanchthonis nomen à Reuchline accepit, & retinuit. Voss. ibid. vocatus. Voss. De Hist. Lat. l. 3. p. 581.

Joannes Reuclinus was his Scholar.

Andreas Navagerius. Navagerius tantam in La­tina lingua puritatem ac­quisivit, ut in­ter primos sui saeculi Oratores jure numerari possit, maximo in honore in Senatu Veneto semper habitus. Boissardi Bibliotheca.

A most compleat Poet, Orator and Historian.

He hath written a History De rebus Venetis.

Two most elaborate Orations, and divers Poems.

Annotations upon all Ovids works.

Gregorii Na­zianzeni pietas propemodum ex aequo certat cum facundia. Sed amat signi­ficantes argu­tia [...], quas eò difficilius est Latine redde­re, quòd pleraeque sint in verbis fitae. Tota verò phrasis nonnihil accedit ad structuram Isocraticam. Adde quòd de rebus divinis, quae vix ullis verbis humanis explicari possunt. libenter ac frequenter philosophatur. Eras. Epist. l. 26. Epist. 33. Vide l. 28. Ep. 7. Sanctus Gregorius, Episcopus Nazianzenus, cognomento Theologus, S. Basilii aequalis, & studiorum comes, floruit sub Valente, & anno 11. Theodosii obiit, teste Sancto Hieronymo de Scriptoribus Eccle­siasticis Multa scripsit, in quibus sapientiam cum eloquentia mirificè copulavit. Bellarm. De Script. Eccles. Ab om­nibus Graecis ob singularem autoritatis suae excellentiam primus post Divi Joannis Evangelistam Theologi ac magni cognomentis illustratus, vir fuit tam Philosophiae quam Theologiae opibus affluens, & omnium sui temporis soluta ac pedestri oratione eloquentissimus. Hic Basilio magno arctissima fuit necessitudine conjunctus, & divum Hiero­nymum in divinarum Scripturarum studiis auditorem ac discipulum habuit. Obtinuit etiam in Ecclesia Graeca tan­tum autoritatis pondus, ut quicunque testimonio ejus refragari auderet, statim vel haereticus haberetur, vel haere­seos suspicione notaretur. Sixt. Senens. Biblioth. l. 4. Gregory Nazianzene, Anno Dom. 370.361. Helv. Chron.

He was famous for his piety and learning, zeal and patience.

He was Jeroms Master.

It is generally received that he was Bishop of Nazianzum, by Jerome himself in Catal. Bellarm. De Script. Eccles. Camerarius. Yet by Gregorius who wrote Nazi­anzens Life, and indeed by Nazianzen himself in his Epistles, it appears that he was there an assistant to his Father being old and weak, and thereupon it is com­monly thought that he himself enjoyed the place.

[Page 271]That Gregory which bears the name of the place where his Father was Bishop, though he never enjoyed the Bishoprick it self. M r Gatak 2 d Answ. to Lilie.

Constantinopolitanam sedem ab Arianis Episcopis purgavit. Geneb. Chronol. lib. 3.

Aelius Antonius Nebrissensis. Angelus Poli­tianus & His­panus noster, qui pro varia, ac latè patenti eruditione, quum esset diligenter in omni scriptorum genere versatas, potuisset quodcunque nomen usurpare, non solum cum magna professorum ejusce artis venia, sed cum magna etiam laetitia, quod non parum gloriae professioni suae accesturum ex hujusmodi nominis splendore & celebritate existimassent, nihil tamen dici & haberi maluit quam Grammaticus. Lud. Viv. De Caus. corrupt. Art. l. 2. Hic ille est, qui bonas literas primus in Hispania excitarit. Idem ex Grammatico, & Rhetore regio, factus est Historiographus regius. Variae omnino eruditionis vir erat; eoque illum nomine etiam Erasmus laudat in Ciceroniano suo. Moriens opera sua castiganda te­stamento reliquit Ario Barbose, Lusitano, Politiani discipulo, qui primus literas Graecas in Hispaniam intulit, ac bonas literas viginti annis Salamanticae publicè docuit. Voss. De Histor. Lat. l. 3 p 590.

There is a Dictionary of his.

Nicander.

A Physician and most excellent Poet.

There are his

Theriaca.

Alexipharmaca.

Poemata Gr. & Lat.

Nicephorus Callistres. Anno Aerae Christianae 1298. Helv. Chron. Floruit circa annum Domini 1400. Illyr. Catal.

He hath written an Ecclesiastical History in two Tomes, consisting of eighteen Books.

Nicephorus Gregoras, Anno Dom. 1340. 1385. Hi­storiam suam Ecclesiasticam à Christi na­tivitate ad annum 625. decurrentem confocit. Geneb. Chronol. lib. 4.

There are these Works of his,

Hist. Gr. & Lat.

Hist. Byzantinae.

Nicetes Choniates, Anno Dom. 1210.

There are these Works of his, Purum re­ctumque in­genium, si ali­ud illo aevo. Stilus ejus o­perosus, Poetas & Pomerum saepe resipiens; at res & narratio ipsa distincta, composita, sine vanitate, sine ineptiis, brevis quod satis sit, & fida. Crebra apud eum & opportuna monita: judicia non libera solum sed sana. Laps. Notae ad 1. lib. Polit.

De ordine qui observatur cum quis à Saracenismo ad Christianam fidem venit.

Thesauri orthodoxae fidei.

Contra Judaeos cum notis.

Nicolaus quintus, Papa. Nicolaus aevi sui decus. In Vaticana Bib­liotheca missis undique viris doctissimis qui optimos quosque libros perquirerent, tria millia librorum condidit. Nicolao Peroto, Guareto Veronensi, Theodoro Gazae, Pogio & Vallae ut plurimos Graecorum libros latinirate donarent author suit. Quinque ducatorum millia Matthaei Evangelium hebrai­ca lingua conscriptum proferenti pollicitus est. Reique literariae intermortuae & extremas horas ducenti in tempore suppetias tulit. Nomenclat. Sanctae Romanae Eccles. Cardinalium. Laudatur quidem ejus liberalitas, qua in omnes usus est, maxime erga litteratos, quos & pecunia, & officiis curialibus, & beneficiis mirifice juvit. Eos enim prae­miis nunc ad lectiones publicas, nunc ad componendum de integro aliquid, nunc ad vertendos Graecos auctores in Latinom ita pepulit, ut litterae Graecae & Latinae, quae sexcentis jam antea annis in situ at tenebris jacuerant, tum demum splendorem aliquem adeptae sint. Misit & litteratos per omnem Europam, quorum industria libri conquire­rentur, qui majorum negligentia & barbarorum rapinis jam perierant. Platina De vitis Pontificum Roma­norum.

He was a great favourer and Patrone of Learning and learned men, therefore many great Scholars flocked to him, as Georgius Trapezuntius, Georgius Valla, Demetrius Graecus, Nicolaus Perottus, and others, by whose help many Authours were brought out of darknesse and illustrated, and turned out of Greek into Latine.

[Page 272]He incouraged learned men also by rewards to the study of Learning, they easi­ly obtaining the chiefest places of honour: Of whom that might well be ve­rified, ‘Sint Maecenates, non decrunt Flacce Marones.’

When it was told him that there was some at Rome, which would make good Verses, he denied that they were good. Cum enim (inquit) ad me non veniunt, qui Poetis etiam malis pateo. Molestè tulit homo sapiens in urbe sua esse qui literas scirent & nescirentur. Polit. Epist. l. 12. Epist. 119.

His holinesse is reported to be such, that he never sold to any one the Magistrates place for money.

Singulos Homeri libros ducentis aureis, latinis versibus reddendos curavit. Waynfleti [...].

Jo. Nider.

He hath written Consolatorium Conscientia timoratae, A Consolation of an affright­ted Conscience.

Doctor Hall and Doctor Twisse mention this Book sometimes, at least the later.

He acknowledgeth there, that every childe of God hath the direction of the Spirit to lead him into all truth necessary to salvation.

He hath also written,

De Reformat. Religiosorum.

Decalogi Explicatio.

And other Works.

Qui tribus Pa­pis amanuen­sis & à Secre­tis fuit. Molin. Hyperaspistes. l. 1. c. 33. Aliquot Papa­run [...] intim [...] scriba, vixit ante annos 150. vir bonus & mediocriter doctus. Descripsit bona fide historiam schis­m [...]is inter Papas, quod ante Constantiense Concilium per annos 39. duravit. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 19. Scripsit De Schismate quod in Ecclesia Romana inter Vrbanum Papam, & Clementem antipapam, corumque successores per 39. annos, ab anno Christi 379. usque ad Concilium Constantiense duravit, in tres libros diviso, quibus non solum Pontisi [...], verum etiam Regum, Principum, ac totius Imperii res gestae ejus temporis magna ex parte conti­nentur. Toto a [...]em eo tempore hujus operis author semper alterius partis Pontificibus familiaris atque à literis fuit. Gesn. Biblioth. Theod. à Niem.

He was Secretary to three Popes, He lived at Rome under Vrban the sixth, Bo­niface the ninth, Innocent the seventh, Gregory the twelfth.

Vixit in aula quinque Paparum, intimus eorum Scriba & tandem Episcopus Verden­sis factus. Gerh. Confess. Cathol. l. 2. Spec. Artic. 3. c. 4.

He hath written,

De Schismate in Ecclesia.

De potestate Imperiali & Papali.

P. Placidus Nigidius. P. Nigidius ho­mo in omnium bonarum arti­um disciplinis egregius. Con­stantini Suppli­mentum Lin­guae Latinae.

He hath put out,

Mariale, seu de devotione erga Virginem Dominam 4. opuscula.

In Cantica Canticorum Expositio duplex.

Jo. Nirembergius, an eloquent Author.

De arte voluntantis 8 o.

De origine Sarae Scripturae. Fol.

Stromata Sacra. Fol.

Spiritualium Institutionum Pandectae. Fol.

Marius Ciceronis illa simia Meibomii Macenas. Nizolius.

He hath put out Thesaurus Ciceronianus.

Flaminius Nobilius.

Nobilis nobi­lius. He hath put out several Works,

De hominis foelicitate.

De vera & falsa voluptate.

De honore.

Quaestiones Logicae variae.

[Page 273] Andreas Nolthius, A great Mathematician. D. Andreas Nolthius se ma­thematum apprimè gnarum esse in Scripturis suis, partim Latinè partim vernacula lingua editis, satis evidenter de­claravit. Tych. Brah. l. 2. De Cometa Anni 1517. c. 10.

Nonnus Pampolit. There are his

Dionysiaca Lat. & Gr. Nonnus Pana­politanus, qui & Johannis Evangelistae Evangelium erudita Paraphrasi Graeca carmine heroico exposuit, & Dionisiacon libros 48. qui orbem fabularum Poeticarum continent, Poema varium & eruditum, eodem carminis genere conscripsit, annis superioribus prola­tos & editos è Bibliotheca clarissimi viri Johannis Sambuci, cui tùm illos libros, à se de ruderibus Bibliotheca­rum Graecarum erutos, tùm aliquot alios Graecos utiles & eruditos scriptores debemus. Neand. Geog. parte tertia.

Metaphrasis Evang. Johannis Graecè.

Alexander Nowel Dean of Pauls.

A learned and pious Divine, and Uncle to the famous Whitaker.

There is his reproof of a Book entitled, A Proof of certain Articles in Religion, de­nied by Mr Jewel, set forth by Thomas Dorman Bachelour of Divinity.

Reproof of Mr Dormans proof continued, with a Defence of the chief Authority of Princes, as well in Causes Ecclesiastical as Civil, within their Dominions, by Dor­man maliciously impugned.

Confutation as well of Mr Dormans last Book, entitled, A Disproof, &c. as also of D r Sanders Causes of Transubstantiation.

His larger and lesser Catechism written by him in Latine.

Gregory Nyssene, he flourished Anno Dom. 380. in the raign of Gratian, Gregorius Epi­scopus Nysse­nus, quem Graeci honoris causa Patrem patrum appellant, divi Basilii magni frater, Academicis ac Peripateticis disciplinis excultus, vir eloquentiae ner­vosae ac pressae. Sixt. Senens. Bibliotheca Sancta. Valen­tinian and Theodosius.

Basil was his brother, he was contemporary to Epiphanius and I [...]om.

CHAP. II.

O

BErnhardinus Ochinus.

Of Sene, being had in great estimation among the Italians for his eloquence and vertue, forsaking the monastical kinde of life, gave himself to the Do­ctrine of the Gospel. And coming first to Geneva, and after to Auspurge, set forth certain Sermons in print. Sleid. Comment. l. 19. p. 298. Infelicis me­moriae vir. Bez. Epist. 4.

He was a Socinian. Vide Boxhorn. Hist. univers. p. 74, 75.

An Heretick, See Beza's Epist. 1.

Ch. Oclandus, a famous English Poet.

He hath written Anglorum praelia.

Guliel. de Ockam. A learned Englishman. Gulielmus Oc­kam natione Anglus, Johannis Scoti quondam discipulus, vir in Scripturis divinis eruditus, & in Philosophia Aristotelica notabiliter doctus, ingenio subtilis & clarus eloquio. Hic contra Johannem vicesimum secundum haeresim fratricellorum damnan­tem, una cum Petro Piceno quem Ludovicus Imperator in Idolum erexerat, & Nicolaum quintum appellari fecerat agens & scribens, cumque haereticum esse pronuntians, ab eo excommunicatus est. Qui ad Ludovicum Imperatorem aequè excommunicatum fugiens dixit ei: O Imperator defende me gladio, & ego defendam te verbo. Mansit ita (que) excommunicatus cum excommunicato usque ad finem vitae, & in morte tandem absolutus fuit. Trithem. De Scrip. Eccl. Gulielmus Oc­chamus Lutetiam bonis avibus profectus est: Ubi Joanne Duns homine Schotto Philosopho illius aetatis juxta ac Theologo doctissimo praeceptore usus est, à quo tam multa didicit, tam multa praeterea suapte industria, dum om­nis generis autores legeret, perquisivit, ut tandem Schottum ipsum si non superaverit doctrina tamen aequavetic. Johan. Leland. Collectan. de viris Illust.

[Page 274]The Scholar of John Scotus, a famous Divine.

Once a worthy Fellow of Merton Colledge in Oxford. He was sirnamed Doctor invincibilis in argumento qui excessit modum ingenii humani. Scalig.

He flourished in the time of the Emperour Lewis the fourth, about the year of our Lord 1320.

Odo Abbot of Clun is commended for his knowledge in divine and humane lear­ning. Odo Clunia censis.

Jo. Oecolampadius.

Anno Epochae Christianae 1482.He made good the splendor of his own name, when dying of the plague, he could lay his hand upon his brest, and say, Hic abunde lucis est.

Primus Refor­mator & verus Pastor Eccle­siae Basiliensis. Zuinglius & ille eruditione, studiis, a utoritate, loco, aetate pares erant: inter quos tanta animorum Conjunctio, ut amicitia san­ctior certiorque, quam vera conciliarit pietas, vix inter ullos unquam fuerit. Verheiden. Sub finem Novembris Oe­colampadius è vita decessit: ex interitu Zuinglii maximum animo perceperat dolorem, eaque res morbum etiam aux­isse putatur: erant enim conjunctissimi. Natus fuit annos quadraginta novem. Extant ejus in Prophetas aliquot, lucubrationes, quae valde probantur doctis. Sleid. De statu Relig. & Reipub. l. 8. Ob trilinguem eruditionem & ob sanae doctrinae scientiam & usum, denique ob antiquitatis Ecclesiasticae exactam cognitionem Oecolampadius sua aetate mihi palmam obtinuisse videtur: & exstant [...] judicia D. Capitonis & D. Buceri. Grynaei Epist. l. 1. Ep. 3. Oecolampadium extinctum, utinam possem dolere jure. Sic enim literae & doctrina hominis postulabant, nisi exti­tisset ille in alio genere perniciosus. Sadolet. Epist. l. 4. Erasmo. Vide ejus Epist. ibid. Bonifacio Amerbachio.There was a great league of friendship between him and Zuinglius, so that the tidings of Zuinglius his death (as Sleidan and Thuanus report) was a means to ha­sten his.

Graecus autor, valde doctus, in explicandis divinis Scri­pturis brevis, apertus, & ele­gans, atque in veterum Commentariis evoluendis assiduè versatus. Sixc. Senens. Biblioth. Sanct. l. 4. Oecumenius.

He hath collected short and perspicuous Expositions out of divers Commenta­ries of the Fathers, upon the Acts of the Apostles, the seven Canonical Epistles, all Pauls Epistles.

Ogilvy a Scotch Poet.

His Translation of Virgil, and of the Fables of Aesop in very excellent English verses, is commended.

Caspar Olevian.

Legeram antea quae in Epistolam ad Galatas scripseras, & nunc quaedam quae ad Romanos, placet brevitas, analysis, perspicuitas, fidelis explicatio, atque etiam aculei: Credo laborem istum tuum, non futurum Ecclesiae inutilem. Zanch. l. 2. Epist. Casp. Oleviano.

Onkelos Sive paullò ante Christum natum, atque eo in terris agente, vixerit; ut plurium opinio est: sive, ut alii arbitrantur, sit idem ac Aquila Ponticus, qui se­culo, & amplius, junior fuit. Voss. De Arte Gram. l. 1. c. 31..

He made the Chaldee Metaphrase of the Pentatench.

Onuphrius Panvinius; Romae instaurator, & pater Historiarum. Scriv. Animad. vers. in l. 8. Mart. Vir doctissi­mus, & in om­ni historia ad miraculum us­que versatus. Montac. Apparat. 3. Augustinus Onuphrius Pontificis Romani cubicularius, omnia Vaticanae Bibliothecae acta diligenter evoluit. Bod. De Repub. l. 1. c. 10. Pater Romanae Historiae, vir longe pertissimus in Commentar. ad secundum librum Fastorum à quo sua omnia transcripsit Livius plagiarius Onuphrione quidem nominato. Montac. Appar. 11. Onufrius Panvinus Veronensis Eremita Augustinianus, vir ad omnes & Romanas, & Ecclesiasticas antiquitates è tenebria eruendas natus, quod praeclara ejus & ad omnem aeternita [...]em victura monumenta testantur. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. lib. 41.

A great Humanist, who wrote the lives of the Popes. Boxhornius (in his gene­ral History from Christs time) cals him Diligentissimum Onuphrium, Manutius hel­luonem antiquitatis, Scaliger patrem historiae, Lipsius principalis Historiae & Fasto­rum rerum patrem.

[Page 275] Joannes Oporinus, Professour of the Greek and Latine Tongue, Vir doctus operosus & elegans, libris innumeris partim à se scriptis, par­tim aliorum à se publicatis, celeberrimus. Boissardi Icones. and Printer at Basill.

He was born Anno 1508.

A religious and sincere man, very liberal to all Scholars, and very respective to his Father.

His Works are mentioned by Melch. Ad. in his Life.

Oppian a famous Greek Poet. Anno Dom. 210. Exulans cum patre suo Agesilao viro opulento, in exilio clarissima poemata scripsit: Et Severo Imperatore (qui patrem in exili­um egerat) defuncto. Romam est profectus: suaque carmina Antonino filio exhibuit: unde & regressum patris ab exilio impetravit, & pro quolibet carmine aureum numisma suscepit. Habet stilum floridum & planum cum facundia & maturitate, & in sententiis ac parabolis praecipuè excellit. Jac. Fris. Biblioth. Philos.

He received for every verse a piece of gold of the Emperour Antoninus.

Optatus, Optatus Mileui­tanus. in the year of our Lord 370.

That learned Bishop of Milleuita.

There are his Works together, among which one is De Schismate Donati­starum.

Origen. He was Scholar to Clemens Alexandrinus. Vide Matth. Westmon. p. 62. Origenes Ada­mantius, vir singularis do­ctrinae; & in cognitione linguarum nulli doctorum Ecclesiae ce­dens. Guid. Fabrit. in N. T. Syr. Lat. Interpret. Praefat. Origenis prae­ceptores, Cle­mens Alexan­drinus & Am­monius. Geneb. Chron. l. 3. Secundus Ecclesiae magister post Apostolos. Hieron. Origenes tantum in Scripturis divinis habuit studii, ut etiam Hebraeam linguam, contra aetatis gentisque suae naturam edisceret. Dialecticam, & Geometriam, & Astrono­miam, & Arithmeticam, Musicam, Grammaticam, & Rhetoricam, omniumque Philosophorum sectas ita didi­cit, ut studiosos quoque saecularium litterarum sectatores haberet, & interpretaretur eis quotidie, concursusque ad cum miri fierent, quos ille propterea recipiebat, ut sub occasione saecularis litteraturae, in fide Christi eos institueret, Hieron. De Script. Eccles. Sena millia librorum scripsit. Epiphan. haeres. 4. Hexaplorum Conditor Origenes qui cum duabus posuisset & columellis sacrum contextum, semel Hebraeis, at (que) iterum Graecis literis, duabus his addidit colu­mellas quatuor, versionem LXX. Aquilae, Symmachi, & Theodotionis: unde & Hexapla dicebantur. Voss. de Art. Gram. l. 1.

His errours were so great and hainous, that thence the Sect of Origenists is called.

If any man desire to see a Catalogue of Origens errours, he may have recourse to the learned Epistle of S t Jerom, Ad Avitum.

Vincentius Lyrinensis adversus Haereses. c. 23. writes, Errorem Origenis propter ejus tum doctrinam tum zelum magnam in Dei Ecclesia fuisse tentationem. Vide August. de Haeres. p. 199, 200. & Bezae Praefat. ad Annot. in N. T.

He lived in the year of our Lord 230.193. saith Helvicus. 203. Cal­visius.

He was almost wholly of the third Age. Hic amore castitatis se castravit: Ne­vum & vetus Testamentum memoriter novit: Jam senex Hebraicam didicit linguam. Wolfii Lect. memor. Centen. 3.

He wrote exceeding much, yet there remaineth now little in comparison of that he wrote, and that so corrupted, that it nothing answereth the famous report of Learning which he had in the Church in his time. All his Works now extant revi­sed by Erasmus, were printed at Basil by Frobenius, 1536.

He was in his Age a mirrour of gravity, integrity, constancy, zeal, piety, learning of all sorts, both divine and humane, of so happy a memory that he had the Bible without book, of such admirable eloquence, that not words but honey seemed to drop from his lips; of so indefatigable industry, that he was called A­damantius, and was said by some to have written six thousand books. Dr. Crakanth. Vigilius Dormitans.

Est certè hic scriptor adeò omnibus modis impurus, sive ita ipse scripsit, sive depra­vata postea fuerunt ejus scripta, ut nullam in Ecclesia authoritatem in rebus controver­sis mereatur. Bezae Epist. 29. He often reproves him also in his Annotat. on the New Testament.

Orontius Fineus, Professour of the Mathematicks at Paris under Francis the first.

He was born at Brianson a Town in Dauphinè, the year of our Lord 1494.

He composed five Books,

[Page 276] De Arithmetica practica.

Two Books, De Geometria practica.

Five Books, De mundi Sphaera.

Commentaries upon the six first Books of the Elements of Geometry by Euclide.

Natione Hi­spanus: Cla­ruit vita & do­ctrina illustri, cum sancto Augustino Anno 420. Vir in divinis Scripturis eruditus: & in secularibus litteris peritissimus. Vita & conversatione clarissimus fuit. Biblioth. Hisp. Tom. 2. Anno gratiae 416. Orosius presbyter & historiographus claret. Mat. Westm. p. 77.And divers other Works mentioned by Thevet Vies Des hommes illustres. l. 6.

Paulus Orosius.

He was Austeus Scholar. Nobilissimus ille rerum Christianarum Historicus. Montac. Exercit. 11.

Orpheus, a very ancient Poet, long before Homer. There is little of his extant.

Geographus fuit Regius, ac seculi nostri Ptolomaeus. Orbem enim terrarum uni­versum manu ornavit; mente contempsit, quod & symboli loco usurpare solebat, orbis seu globi terrestris picturam amplexus manu. Valeri Andreae Biblioth. Belg. Thesaurum abs te mi Orteli, vidi & in parte legi: verè Thesaurum. Con­dita in eo habes quicquid Graecia aut Latium habuit, in ea quidem argumenti parte placet materies, ordo, indu­stria: illa utilissi [...]a, iste facillimus, haec summa. Lips. Epist. Cent. 2. Epist. 39. Abrahamo Ortelio. Edidit Thea­trum orbis terrarum, hoc est, Geographicas tabulas praecipuarum regionum totius orbis, elegantissimè sculptas & in unum volumen conjunctas, in folio magno seu regali, addita cujusque regionis brevi descriptione, & commemo­ratione auctorum qui illam descripsere. Antwerpiae 1570. Gesn. Biblioth. Abraham Ortelius. He was born in Antwerp that famous Mart of the world.

He was given to Geography from his youth, and spared no cost or pains to per­fect his knowledge therein, travelling far and often for that purpose. Cosmographus ad miraculum usque politissimus & laboriosissimus. Chyt. Scol. in Paraph. Ps. Buchanani.

His Thesaurus Geographicus is an excellent Work, instar omnium, and his Theatrum.

Lipsius, Gesner, and others much magnifie it, Edito pulcherrimo orbis terrarum Theatro, & renovatâ antiquorum locorum per tabulas propriâ industria eleganter de­pictas memoriâ. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. l. 120.

Quo in opere (saith Melchior Adam in his Life) ita omnibus suam probavit indu­striam: ut à Philippo II. illo Principe Principum, Geographi Regii insignibus sit or­ornatus. Scripsit & Thesaurum Geographicum, in quo omnium totius terrae regio­num, montium, promontoriorum, collium, silvarum, insularum, portuum, populo­rum, urbium, oppidorum, pagorum, item Oceani marium, fretorum, fluviorum, & ejusmodi nomina & appellationes veteres, additis magna ex parte etiam recentioribus opus eruditum lectuque jucundum.

Osiandri fana­ticum delirium de essentiali justitia non multò magis opinor, tè vel sane quen­quam men is hominem ex­ercuerit. Bezae Epist. 1. Vide Calv. Epist. contra Osiandrum p. 415, 416. & Melch. Ad. in ejus vita. Quod se Osi­ander nobis subduxit, imo non sine violento impetu se proripuit, non mirum, nec tantopere dolendum. Tu enim expertus pridem es, ex eo esse ferarum genere, quae nunquam cicurantur: Et ego semper inter nostra dedecora eum numeravi. Quo certe die mihi primum visus est, profanum hominis ingenium, & foedos mores sum detesturus. Calv. Epist. Melancthoni. Andreas Osiander, Anno Christi 1498. the Epitomizer of the Centuriators, skilfull in the Hebrew, Greek and Latine.

Beza Epist. 59. cals him, Phanaticum & impurissimum Ecclesiarum turbatorem.

He held that the righteousnesse of Christ, by which we are justified, was his es­sential righteousnesse, as God. But, 1. That is incommunicable to us. 2. If that had been required to our Justification, Christ needed not to have been incarnate. Paul saith Rom. 5.19. We are made righteous by the obedience of one man.

Singulis im­morari excuti­endis haud necesse arbitror, praesertim quum vel tria solum verba tribus ejus totis dissolvendis libris, quantumlibet verbosis suffecerint. Quum nihil ferè in scriptore, hoc, totoque ejus opere conspicias, quin aut mendacium sit, aut maledictum aut error: quid amplius quisquam hic ad justam responsionem requirat, quam tria haec solum verba, quae ubi expressero, satis mihi videbor brevissimo, sed verissimo compendio omnia expressisse, quaecunque vasta hujus nu­gacissimi declamatoris contineat loquacitas [...], 1. Mentiris, 2. Maledicis, 3. Falleris. Joan. [...]oxi Continuata Respons. ad Osor. l. 2. p. 72. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 71. Consule ipsius literas & libros, tum has maxi­me Philippicas contra Lutherum & Haddonum clucubratas. An quisquam per omnem vitam, tot unquam mendacia mendaciis cumulavit? tot blasphemias & maledicta congessit? tot errores prodidit? tot contumelias, insanias, fumos, praestigias vanitates, glorias, ineptias, & jactationes thrasonicas, tantam denique effraenatae mentis rablem tot scurriles tixas, sannas, morsusque; Cynicas, vel factis, vel oratione unquam effinxit, expressit, evomuit, at (que) iste in hoc uno libello ostendit? In quo Lutheri nunquam nomen reperies, nisi adjuncto ad contumeliam, furiosi, aut amentis, aut in sani ali­quo Epitheto. Joan. Foxi Continuata Respons. ad Osor. l. 2. p. 103, 104. Hier. Osorius.

[Page 277]An eloquent man, and too precise a follower of Tully. In his Book against Luther and Doctor Haddon he dares not name the words of Justification or Pre­destination. And I wonder (saith Mr. Fox) that he dares insert the name of Christ in his Books, since it is not found in Tully. Nec Justificationis aut praedestinationis vocabula ipsa vel nominare audes. Ac miror equidem, quod Christi nomen, quod apud Ciceronem nunquam legitur, non dubites libellis tuis inspergere.

His Book De gloria is most esteemed.

Arnald Ossat a French Cardinal. Cardinalis Ossatus vir eru­ditione, pru­dentia, integri­tate, suavitate morum eximiè conspicuus. Gassend. De vita Peireskii l. 1. Arnaldus Ossatus diaecesis Auxitanae Gallus, judicii per omnia perpen­si Cardinalis, patriae suae negotia pro solatiis accipiens iisdem Romae foeliciter insenescere voluit: Scripsit exposi­tionem in d [...]sputationem Jacobi Carpentarii de methodo, additionem ad candem expositionem, Epistolas aliquot ad­versus Carpentarium. Nomenclat. Sanctae Romanae Eccles. Cardinalium. Ossatus Augusta Ausciorum in tenui re natus cum ad probos mores & summum animi candorem taram Philosophiae, Mathematicarum artium, & juris­prudentiae cognitionem adjecisset, initio in Schola Ramaea educatus, ubi acerrimas contra Jacobum Carpentarium contentiones exercuit, &c. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 4. l. 92.

His and Cardinal Perrons French Letters are esteemed usefull, both for the un­derstanding of Ecclesiastical, and State-affairs.

He was Scholar to Petrus Ramus.

Otto the second Sonne to Otto the first.

He being overcome at a Sea fight by the Grecians, and carried away by Pyrates, being unknown by reason of his skill in the Greek tongue, he escaped safe into Si­cilie, and afterward he punished them.

William Oughtred, a very learned Mathematician.

He hath published,

Clavis Mathematica.

He hath put out these Works in English,

The Circle of Proportion.

The Horrizontal Instrument.

The Artificial gauging Line or Rod.

Ovid. Jam ad eum pervenimus locum in quo & ingenii ma­gnitudo & acumen judi­cii exercenda funt: Quis enim de Ovidio satia digne di­cere possit ne­dum ut eum audeat reprehendere. Scalig. Hyper Critic. c. 1. Ex ordine equestri fuit. Ingenio fuit, ut mihi quidem videtur, parato facilique; sed qui nimium sibi aliquando indulgeret Suepte naturae instituto puer ad Poeticam fere­batur, verum parentis monitionibus oratoriae facultati operam dare compulsus est, in qua, si Seneca credimus, egregie profecit, nonnullae ejus Epistolae tanta arte & elegantia conscriptae sunt, ut in eo gener [...] absolutius qui dam nihil fieri posse existiment. Lil. Gyrald. De Poet. Hist. Dial. 4. Ut secundus à Marone, ita primus caeterorum: ne (que) minus tamen, prope ultimus bonorum. Boxhorn. Monum. Illust. Vir. & Elog. Vide plura ibid. Anno Divinae Incarnationis 18. Ovidius Poeta eximius in exilio periit. Fuerat enim proscriptus ab Augusto Caesare, & in Pon­tum insulam missus, propter uxorem ejas, de qua habebatur suspectus. Dictum est autem, quod de ea libros metri­ce composuerat, & ideo ab eodem est in exilium relegatus. Matth. Westm. Florea Hist. p. 45.

He had a natural genius to Poetry.

Quicquid conabar dicere versus erat.

Nascitur Poeta, sit Orator.

Lactantius cals his Metamorphosis Opus praeclarissimum.

As Tibullus and he were born in one day, so he and Livie died on another, that his birth and death might be nobly accompanied. Sands in the Life of Ovid.

CHAP. III.

P

RIchard Pacio Dean of Pauls. Richardus Pa­caeus vir prae­claris animi dotibus praedi­tus, multiplici doctrina ex­cultus. Ha­bebat ingeni­um acre, judi­cium matu­rum. Con­stans, solidum, memoriam foelicem, lin­guam promptam & expeditam. In peritia linguarum Latinae, Graecae & Hebraicae, cum doctissimis sui saeculi viris de palma merito contendere potuit. Pitsaeus Relat. Histor. de rebus Angliae. Scripsit librum de fructu & utilitate artium ac scientiarum, diversas ad Erasmum Roterod. Epistolas, ac orationes varias ad principes Gesn. Biblioth.

He was Secretary for the Latine Tongue to King Henry the eighth. He was of great ripenesse of wit, learning and eloquence, also expert in for­raign Languages. He was sent in the Kings affairs Embassadour to Venice, which function there he so discharged, that it is hard to say, whether he procured more commendation or admiration among the Venetians, for his dexterity of wit, and specially for the singular promptnesse in the Italian Tongue. For opinion and fame of Learning, he was accepted, not onely here in England with Linacre, Gro­cinus, Mere, and others, but also known and reported abroad in such sort, that in all the great heap of Erasmus his Epistles, he wrote almost to none so many, as to him. Foxes Acts and Monum. Vol. 2. p. 247. c. 1.

He was after distracted, but he prettily well came to his wits, and began to study the Hebrew Tongue with Wakefield.

He hath written upon Ecclesiastes.

He begins his Book De fructu qui ex doctrina percipitur, thus, Ric. Pac. Ad Sci­ent. Profes. Epist.

Librum doctissimi viri, non adeo brevem, unius spatio mensis scriptum mira­bimini.

He saith further, that it was composed Constantiae in publico hypocansto.

Fabius Logicae pri­mùm, mox Philosophiae o­peram dedit, in qua à summis illius aetatis professoribus Pendasia, Franc. Piccolomineo, & Jacobo Zabarellā, quicquid notitiâ dignum desiderati potuit, fervore ingenii, affiduitate studii, & vigiliis hausit: Tomas. Illust. Vir vitae. Vide plura ibid. Pacius.

His several Works are mentioned by Tomasinus in his Elogia virorum Literis & Sapientia Illustrium.

Julius Pacius his younger brother.

His several Works are men­tioned by To­masinus in his Elogia. An M.D.L. in lucem editus, ingenium politiorum literarum studiis pari cum fratre contentione excoluit: esque profectu. Vt juvenis nondum exacto tertio decimo aetatis anno Arithmetica libellum magnâ facilitate conscripserit. Thomas. Elog.

He was an excellent Grecian, he illustrated Aristotles Organ with most copious Notes, and published many learned Commentaries upon many of his books of Philosophy, and elucidated many books of the Civil-Law with Commentaries or Notes.

Besides his knowledge of the Civil and Canon-Law, he was skilled with know­ledge of all Learning, the Mathematicks, History, Poetry, much given to the reading of the ancient Fathers, and Ecclesiastical History, skilfull in the Latine, Greek and Hebrew Languages.

Marcus Pacuvius, Marcus Pacu­vius Tragoe­diis nobilis. Nepos fuit Quinti Enni, quod Eusebius ac Plinius referunt. Romae vixit in summa claritate nominis. Com­mendatur maxime illius ingenium, & nativa quaedam facilitas in capiendis liberalibus disciplinis. Cicero hunc ex caeteris omnibus in Tragoedia facile praefert, carmenque ejus maximopere commendat. Boxhorn. Monum. Vir. Illust. & Elog. Vide Pet. Cri [...]it. De Poetis Latinis. l. 1. c. 5. a famous Tragaedian.

There are some fragments of his remaining.

[Page 279] John Paget, Johannes Pa­getius Theo­logus doctis­simus & Ecclesiae Anglicanae apud Amftelredamenses Pastor. Sanfordus de Descensu Christi ad Inferos. l. 2. p. 40 a learned Divine, as his Arrow against the Separation of the Brownists shews.

Santes Pagninus, an Italian, and a Dominican Frier, a man excellently learned in the Hebrew Tongue. Nostra memoria Lucam ortu­nobilitavit Sanctes Pagui­nus, ex ordine Praedicatorum summus The­ologus, & La­tinè, Graecè, Hebraicè, Chaldaicè, Arabicéque, ut instrumenti utriusque versio ex Hebraeo Graecóque in Lati­um, item Isagoge ad mysticos Scripturae sensus; Grammatica Hebraica Graecaque, ac alia multa litterarum mo­numenta quae reliquit, abundè testantur. Fato concessit anno à Christo nato M.D.XXXVI. aetatis suae LXX. Lugduni in Gallia. Leand. Descript. tot. Ital. in Tuscia. Santes Pagninus vir ex D. Dominici familia ob insignem pietatem, sacrae Theologiae cognitionem & summam denique linguarum peritiam maximè conspicuus. Cujus viri Latina ex Hebraica veritate sacrorum librorum interpretatio non parum candidis Theologis ad sacrae Scripturae ar­cana intelligenda adjumentum attulit. Ariae Montani Praefat. ad Bibl. Heb. Interlin. Santes Paguinus Dominicus Le­xicon Hebraicum edidit, tanta eruditione refertum ut etiam Rabbinos in eo argumenti genere vicerit, & reliquos à praestantiore conficiendo deterruerit. Geneb. Chron. l. 4. Thesaurus linguaesanctae sive Lexicon Hebraicum: ex quo non solum vocularum significata, sed & abstrusiores quoque sacrae Scripturae sensus, è variis Rabinorum Com­mentariis selectos haurire, licet. Gesn. Biblioth.

There is his

Thesaurus Linguae Sanctae cum recognit Merceri. Fol.

Epitome Thesauri Linguae Sanctae.

And other Works.

Petrus de Palude, vel Paludanus, Anno Dom. 1320.

He hath written upon the Gospels, on the third and fourth Book of the Sen­nces.

De Causa immediata Eccles. potestatis.

De audientia Confessorum.

Jacobus Pamelius. Vir & sacrae antiquitatis peritissimus, & cùm mul­tis scriptis, quibus eam illustravit, tum una & altera Tertulliani & B. Cypriani Editione magnam gratiam à doctis & piis omnibus consecutus. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 4. lib. 88.

He was born at Bridges in Flanders, Anno 1536.

He was excellently versed in both prophane and sacred History.

He hath not only made Cyprian and Tertullian better, but also illustrated them with learned Commentaries.

Guido Pancirolus.

He hath published,

Com. in notitiam utramque dignitatum tam Orientis quam Occidentis.

Thesaurus variarum lectionum utriusque juris.

And other Works.

Franciscus Panicarola.

Three at that time in concionibus dicendi laude florebant, Panicarola, Tolet & Lu­pus. There being three things required of an Orator, Vt doceat, ut delectet, ut moveat, it was commonly said then, Lupus movet, Toletus docet, Panicarola delectat.

Anton Panormita Privy-Councelour to Alphonsus King of Spain and Naples. Siculus, publi­cè octingentis aureis annuis docuit studia literarum. Po­stea, ut quoque est apud Volatteranum, Alphonso Regi Epistolarum magister fuit deque ejus dictis ac factis edidit libros quatuor. Eos verò Aeneas Sylvius, qui iisdem temporibus vixit; Commentariis illustravit. Voss. De hist. lar. l. 3. c. 7.

He hath published his memorable sayings and deeds in four Books.

A most famous Poet and Oratour.

Abbas Panormitanus, Anno Dom. 1440. The most learned of the Canonists. Panormitanus Juris Canoni­ci sacrarumque literarum Callentissimus, ac inter Canonicos legistas cum primis celebris, non pauca rectè contra Papam Papistarumque errores dicit. De elect. cap. significasti, inquit. Uni fideli privato, si meliorem Scripturae authoritatem aut rationem habeat, plus credendum est, quam toti Concilio, vel Papae. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 19.

[Page 280]He hath put out

In Libros Decretalium tomos 4.

Consilia & Quaest.

Repertorium Juris.

Henricus Pantaleon, Anno Christi 1522.

Basiliensis medicinae do­ctor, Poeta laureatus, hi­storicus & comes Palatinus. Gesn. Biblioth.He wrote Prosopographiae illustrium virorum Germaniae, & Diarium Historicum.

And divers other Works mentioned by Melchior Adam in his Life.

Paphnutius. Anno gratiae 352. floruit Paphnutius Episcopus, virtutibus clarus. Matth. Westm. Flor. Hist. p. 73. Famous in Ecclesiastical History.

Vide Docto­rem Duck De Authoritate Juris Civilis Romanorum. lib. 1. cap. 3. Papinianus. A famous Lawyer, he lived under Septimius Severus.

Christianae Religionis nostrae capita ferè omnia di­sputando de­fendit, eorum (que) veritatem contra adversarios tam Pontificios quam Calvinianos publicè asseruit. Melch. Ad. in ejus vita. Joannes Pappus, a learned Lutherane. He was born in the year of Christ, 1549.

He published many Works mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue.

He died in the year which he expressed in this Verse, familiar to him in his In­scriptions, ‘Ad fine M sI qVis se parat ILLe sapit.’

Natus anno Christi 1493. Ex famil [...]a no­bili Paracelso­rum. Pa [...].is auxilio pri­mùm, deinde pr [...]pria industria doctissi­mos viros in Germaniâ, Italia, Galliâ, Hi [...]paniá, aliis­qu [...] Europae regionibus, nactus est prae­ceptores: quo­rum liberali doctrina, & potissimùm propria inquisitione, ut qui esset ingenio acutissimo ac ferè divino, tantum profecit: ut multi testati sint; in universa Philosophia, tam arcana & abdita eruiste mortalium neminem. Quin etiam alter velut Euclides aut Plato, ad ipsos usque Aegyptios atque Arabes transiit; ac discendi cupiditate aliquot annos apud illos permansit. Melchior Adam in ejus vita. Docuit autem praeter Academiarum morem, vernacula lingua: vel saltem mixtim, Latinis partim, partim Germanicis verbis: ut nimirum ab omnibus intelligeretur. Memoria adeò ruit felici: ut integra Galeni loca memoriter & expeditè recitarit. Id. ibid. Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Paracelsus. Bombast. ab Hohenheim, a learned Physician. He had divers names.

He held there were three principles of things, Sulphure, Salt and Mercury. He said Physick was supported by four pillars, the first of which is Philosophy or Phy­sick, which is a knowledge of earth and water, and all things thence begotten, the second Astronomy, which is a knowledge of the other two Elements, and all hea­venly bodies. Thirdly, Alchimy, which demonstrates the Compositions and dis­solutions of all Bodies. The last is Vertue, which requires that a Physician should be pious toward God, just, constant and faithfull toward men, and a lover of all good.

He often censures and reproves the Ancients, Hippocrates, Galen, and Aristotle not excepted.

Daniel Pareus.

He hath written

Vniversalis Historiae Profanae Medulla.

Mellificum Atticum.

David Erat Theo­logus inter Reformatos magni nominis, Commentariis in S. Scripturam solide elaboratis, & disputationibus adversus Robertum Bellarminum, clarissimus. Laeti Compend. Hist. Universal. Vir inter nostros magni suô meritô nominis sacrarum litterarum in Heidelbergen­si quondam Academia Professor celeberrimus. Dallaes Respons. Apologet. Pareus his Son, a learned Divine of Germany.

He hath written Commentaries, and Adversaria upon all the Books of the Scripture.

[Page 281] Jo. Philip Pareus his Sonne.

He hath written

Thesaurus linguae Latinae.

Electa Plantina, & Lexicon Plantinum.

Musae fugitivae.

Theatrum Philosophiae Christianae.

Narratio historica de vita & obitu D. Parei patris ejus.

A Commentary upon Philemon and Jude.

And other Works.

Matthaeus Paris sive Parisius, Anno Dom. 1250. Parisiorum cognomen olim apud Anglos erat, quemadmo­dum & nunc celebre: nisi quis sentiat illum à vulgò Parisiensem nominatum, quod aliquando Lutetiae studuerit. Johan. Lel. Collectanea dè viris illustribus M.S. Matthaeus Parisiensis Anglicus historicus, floruit ante annos 350. & redegit in Compendium Historias Angliae, seu praecipuos flores inde decerpsit. In eo opere valde multa narrat de gravissima Papae tyran­nide qui miris artibus omnia Ecclesiarum jura, electiones, investituras, seu confirmationes ad se rapuerit imò & quam miris ac multiplicibus artibus Angliam penitus sit depraedatus, expulaverit, & exuxerit. Narrat idem multa & de certaminibus Scholae Parisiensis cum Monachis. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. lib. 16. Vide Wolfii Lect. Memorab. Tom. 10. pag. 694.

A Benedictine Monk of the Monastery of S t Albane here in England, a very faithfull and diligent Authour.

He wrote Historiam Anglicanam the English History, from the year of the Lord 1066, even unto the year 1201.

Vir omnium citimae aetatis historicorum Anglorum (nisi cui placeat Willielmum Malmesburiensem excipere) eruditissimus. Casaub. ad Front. Ducaeum Epist.

Gul. Episcopus. Hic vir erudi­tionis ac pieta­tis nomine percelebris floruit circa 1230. Domini annum. Sensit tum de Articulo Justificationis, tum & de mul­tis aliis religionis partibus, longè melius caeteris ejus temporis doctoribus, quemadmodum testantur ejusdem scripta Parisiis uno volumine edita anno 1516. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 16. Parisiensis.

His Works are in two Volumes.

Robert Parker a Reverend Divine.

There are these Works of his,

De Descensu Christi.

De Politia Ecclesiastica Christo & Hierarchiae opposita.

A Scholastical Discourse about the Sign of the Provoco ad Apologeticum illum verè ga­leatum, qui cae­remoniarum syngraphum in Ecclesias no­stras scriptum, affixit nuper cruce. Amos. Praefat. ad Pu­rif. Crosse.

John Parkins an Utter-barister of the Inner-Temple.

He put forth a little Treatise in the Reign of King Edward the sixth, of certain Titles of the Common-Laws, wittily and learnedly composed.

Rob. Parsons an English Jesuite.

He was most skilfull in railing and reviling, able to put Shimei, Rabshakeh and Thersites himself to school. See Charles Paget his Book against him, and Watsons Quodlibets fourth Answ. to second Artic. and Quodlibet 3 d Answ. to the sixth Artic.

There is a A Christian Directory gui­ding men to their salva­tion. Book commonly called Quo nihil vidit Lingua Anglicana ad excitandam pietatem aptius, aut quoad stylum ornatius. Biblioth. Scriptorum So [...]ietat. Jes. A Philippo Alegambe edita. Resolutions, which goes under his name, which the Papists much magnifie, as also his Treatise of the three Conversions of England. But Doctor James somewhere denies the first to be his.

Protestants have published some Books of Papists (as Parsons Resolutions, Granadoes Meditations, with some altering of the Sentences, though if these Books had never come out, the scandal had been lesse. Doctor James his myst. of the Ind. Expurgat.

Carolus Paschalius a learned man.

He hath written,

Legatus.

[Page 282] Ceusura animi ingrati.

De optimo genere elocutionis.

CHAP. IV.

STeven Latinè Ste­phanus Paschasius Philoso­phus sanè mo­ra [...]is insignis, humanioribus lite [...]is, elo­quentia lin­guarum, Graecarum, Latinarumve & liberalium artium cognitione instructissimus. Ludov. Jacob. De Clar. Script. Cabilon. Pasquier. a learned Frenchman.

He flourished Anno à Christi Nativitate 1546.

He hath written an excellent Treatise in French, styled La Recherche de la France.

He hath published also Icones, Epigrammes, and Epitaphs, and several other Works.

John Passeratius Joannes Passe­ratius Latinae linguae profes­sor dignissi­mus, qui feli­citate versus pangendi, etiam Gallicos, & soluta oratione scribendi ac bonos scriptores interpretandi diu magnam laudem in Parisiensi Academia meruit; homo emunctae naris, & cui aliena vix placerent. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. part. 2. l. 127. Accepi Passeratii libellum de cognatione literarum, magis utilem nobis, quam auctori gloriosum. Rari erunt, qui eo sciant uti. Nos quanti fit, ex eo aestimare possumus, quod paucorum hominum est, & plures habebit, qui non capiant, quam qui eo ca­piantur. Jos. Scalig. Labbaeo inter opusc., a learned Frenchman, the Kings Professour of Eloquence in Paris, an excellent Orator and Poet.

He hath put ou [...] Orations and Prefaces, a Commentary on Catullus, Tibullus and Propertius, [...] Opuscula.

His French Works are mentioned by Antoine du Verdier in his Biblio­theque.

George Passor, Professor of Divinity and Hebrew at Herborn, of Greek at Frankere.

He hath put out a Lexicon Greek and Latine upon the New Testament.

Manuale Graecarum vocum N.T.

Syllabas vocum N. T.

Oratio funebris in obitum Jo. Piscatoris.

Paedagogus Christianus.

Matthias Pasor.

Son to George Pasor, a learned Professor at Groning.

There is his

Oratio pro linguae Arabicae professione.

Marsilius Patavinus. Vixit anno 1324. edidit insigne opus quod inscripsit Defensor pacis. Cujus (sc. Marsilii) libri extant, non quidem verborum, sed rerum apparatu prorsus admirandi. Papir. Masson.

Non hujus modo sed lon­go superioris aevi Italorum fere omnium multo doctissi­mus in omni praeclarissima­rum artium genere. Jani Nicii Erythraei Pinacotheca. Franciscus Patricius, Venetus.

He taught Philosophy at Rome and Padua.

His learned Works are

Paraleli militares.

Liber male quidem amplus ac magnus, sed rerum, quae in ea continentur, aestimatione ac pondere longe maximus atque gravissimus. Jan. Nic. Eryth. Pinac.

Nova, de Vniversis Philosophiae.

Nova Geometria, novaeque Rhetorica.

De scribenda historia tres Dialogi.

De Arte Poetica tres decades.

And other Works.

[Page 283] C. Velleius Paterculus Describitres Romanas Castissimo stilo per Epitomen ab urbe condita ad suam usque aetatem, hoc est tempora Tiberit Caesaris: & memini [...] quorun­dam, quae nusquam asibi hodie literis invenias prodita. Dolendum verò est, quod non integrum ipsum, sed se­milacerum, mendísque corruptum habeamus. Gesn. Biblioth. Murilus est libellus hic, sed in quo distincta anti­quae Latinitatis lumina cernuntur, ac stylus pressus, fluens, idemque dilucidus, quamvis non desit, cui videatur esse tenuis alioqui verbis, & ordine non satis accuratus, vitio certe adulationis laborans; dum Augusti & Tiberii Caesaris gesta commemorat. Possev. Biblioth. Select. tom. 2. l 16. c. 14. Ejus dicendi genere nihil purius, ac suavius fluere potest. Antiquitates Romanorum ab ultimo principio, tanta brevitate ac perspicuita [...]e (siquidem integer extaret) comprehendit, ut nemini secundus esse videatur. Whear. Method. leg. Hist. parte 1 a Sect 20. Librorum Velleii bona pars deperiit. Dictio ejus planè Romana atque elegans. Quaedam etiam habet quae haud alibi invenias. Sed in sui aevi rebus nimis domini Augustae, & Seiano adulator. Voss. de Histor. Lat. l. 1. c. 24., an elegant Historian, but he was a great flatterer of Tiberius.

Patrick the first, or second Archbishop of Ireland.

Anno gratiae 491. Sanctus Patricius secundus Hyberniae Archiepiscopus, anno aetatis suae 122. in domino quievit. Matth. Westm. Flor. Hist. 93.

Vide Rivii Regim. Anglic. in Hibern. defens. adversus Analecten. l. 2. p. 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53.

Pope Paul the 3 d. Fuit hic Pon­tis [...]x multis insi [...]nibus virturibus cla­rus, humani­ta [...]e, afiabili­ta [...]e, cl [...]mentia, comitate, praecipuè verò prudentia singulari, per sexaginta ferè annos, quibus publica munera obivit, feliciter collecta. Hisce vic [...]u [...]ibus adjunctam habui [...] bona [...]um artium litterarumque egregiam scientiam, Mathematicis non nihil operam dedit. [...]ruphrius Panuiuius de vi [...]is Pontificum. Interea Pontisex depravatis clericorum moribus co [...]igendi [...] novem gra [...]issi [...]os viros dele [...]i [...], Gasparem Contarenum, Jo. Petrum Caraffam Tearinum, Jacobum Sadol [...]um, Regin [...]l [...]um Polum. Cardinales: Fridericum Fregosium Salernitanum, Hieronymum Alexandrum Brundusinum, Archiepiscopos: Jo. Matthaeum Gilb [...]rtum Veronensem Episcopum, Gregorium Cortesium abba­tem S. Georgii Majoris Venetiatum, F. Thomam Badiam Magistrum sacri palatii, qui libello edito, quo reforma­ [...]ionis praecipua capita comprehenderunt, illum Pontifici obtulerunt. Id. ibid.

He was learned himself, and a lover of learned men. He chose certain Cardinals and other Prelates to reform the Church.

A Prelate endowed with good qualities, and among all his vertues, made more esteem of none then of dissimulation. History of the Counc. of Trent, l. 1. p. 71.

Petrus Bembus l 6. Epist. Fam. writes to him, congratulating his Papall Dig­nity, and commending his Learning: He addes, Egi (que) Deo optimo maximo gratias, quod & mihi caeteris (que) qui easdem bonas artes & praeclara colunt studia, eum princi­pem ac rerum dominum dederit; à quo sit magna nobilissimarum disciplinarum seges & proventus expectandus, & Christianae reip. procellis temporum turbulentissi­morum jactatae gubernaculo ejusmodi magistrum adhibuerit: quo regente non modo naufragium non expavescat: sed ne ullam quidem aberrationem à recto cursu aut omnino declinatiorem timeat. Vide plura ibid. & Sadoleti Epist. l. 9. Epist. 1, 2, & 3. Paulo III. Pontif. Max.

D. Paulinus Ambrosii discipulus fuit Paulinus No­lanus Episco­pus Natione Gallus, ingenio excellenti, ac purè dicendi facultate praeditus. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 5. Vir non pietate minus quàm doctrina excellens. Aug. Aquitanicus.

He being a Senatour sold his goods, his Wife perswading him, and went to Nola, that there he might embrace the Christian Religion.

Julius Paulinus, a learned Lawyer of Padua.

He wrote divers Works, which are mentioned by Bernardinus Scardeonius. Inter omnes p [...]aecipuos jurisconsultos, videtur me­ritò principatum tenere Julius Paulus Patavinus, antiquus & illustris legumlator, & inter veteres juris conditores omnium celeberrimus: qui disciplina juris, & in legibus Rom. noscendis atque interpretandis scientia, usu, aucto­ritatéq [...]e apud vetustissimos jurisconsultos eminentissimus semper habitus est: & inter Papiniani illius praestan­tissimi viri discipulos primus. Pari actoritate, doctrina, officio, honoréque Ulpiano illi magno par fuit: numero autem [...]criptorum etiam superior. Scribit Aelius Lampriduis in vita Alexandri Severi, Julium Paulum, & Domitium Vlpianum apud illum magno in precio & honore semper habitos & ambos assessores Papiniani fuisse, & condendó juri praefectos. Bernardinus Scordeonius De Clar. Jurecons. Pat. De Claris Jureconsultis Patavinis.

Father Paul of Venice, a wise and learned man.

[Page 284]There is his History of the quarrell of Pope Paul the fifth, with the state of Ve­nice, and an Answer to his Bull.

A Defence of Gerson.

The History of the Councell of Trent written by him first in Italian.

Cognovi in Italia hominem sanè multa eruditione, magno judicio, & integritate, rectissimoque animo. Licèt hand liberter illos audiret, qui Romanam Ecclesiam nimis deprimunt, nihilominùs ab illis etiam abhorrebat, qui ejus abusus tanquam sancta in­stituta defendunt. Et erat caeteroquî veritatis amicus singularis, & assecla constan­tissimus. Bedel. Epist. Dedicat. ad Interdict. Venet. Hist.

Ante Chri­stum natum 469. fame periit Neand. Geog. part. 2. Pausanias Sub Marco Antonino flo­ruit Pausanias, Caesatiensis Sophista, Aristidis aequalis, ac Philstostrato etiam in vitis memoratus. Voss De Are Grammatica. l. 1. c. 4..

He hath excellently described ancient and flourishing Greece in ten Books.

Exstat hujus scriptoris minùs quidem facundum, sed eruditum opus de Graecia, libris decem constans: iis & fitum urbium ac locorum, & antiquitates Graecanicas, & quicquid penè memorabile Graecia habuit, magno philologiae & historiae studiosorum bono, complexus fuit. Voss. De Histor. Graec. l. 2. c. 14.

Jo. Pechamus, John Pecham Archbishop of Canterbury, Anno Dom. 1283.

He was very chast, and so strict that he made the Canons neer Canterbury for­feit their places for non-residence.

There are his

Sententiae Biblicae ad unum caput collectae.

Duo sunt ob quae commen­datus sum­mopere est, alterum eru­ditio magna, ac omnigena cum ardore sciendi inexplebili: alterum cura indefessa promovendi artes ingenuas, cum regia planè erga omnes literatos munificentia. Gassend. Epist. Dedicat. ad vitam Peireskii. Nam & quamvis superior aeras foelicitate seculi oppido perrara, produxerit triumviros illos, Pinellum, Velserum, Molinum, singulari studio in omne literatorum nomen propensos: Peireskius tamen supervenit, qui singulorum virtutes ita est complexus, ut omnium laudes quasi infra se positas, praegravasse videatur. Gassend. de vita Peireskii l. 6. Peireskius, Claudius Fabritius de Peiresc. one most exact and skilfull in matters of Antiquity, and a generall Scholler.

His life is excellently written by Gassendus, and is worthy to be read by every Scholar, yet some do not much approve of Gassendus his Latine.

Pelagius a Britain by birth, and a Monk at Rome 382 years after Christ.

To prove that he was a Britain, Beda in his History quotes that verse out of Prosper Aquitanicus,

Pestifero vomuit coluber sermone Britannus.

Illud est, quo nomine inter Catholicos nullo in numero esse meritus est, quod arro­ganter nimis vitiatam extulerit naturam, humani arbitrii decomtor, divinae gratiae contemtor. Voss. Hist. Pelag. l. 1. c. 4.

Quis enim unquam ante prophanum illum Pelagium tantam virtutem liberi prae­sumpsit arbitrii, ut ad hoc in bonis rebus per actus singulos adjuvandum, necessariam Dei gratiam non putaret? Vincent. Lirin. Advers. Haeres. c. 34.

Tria fuerunt capita erroris Pelagiani. Ne­gabant origi­nale peccatum, gratiae necessi­tatem, & ho­minis imper­fectionem in hac vita. Voss. Hist. Pelag. l. 5. part. 1. Vide August. de Haeres. p. 256, 257, 258. Matth. Westm. p. 77. Pelagius homo Britannus, persuasum habuit hominem per se salutem consequi, suáque sponte ad justitiam contendere, ac sine originali peccato nasci, & propterea nihil effe, quod baptizaretur. Polyd. Verg. Angl. Mist. l. 3. p. 56.At the first Pelagius only praised Free-will, after indeed to decline envy, he began to use the term of Grace, but he understood only by it, that God had made us of Free-will, and preserves us in it.

Against him wrote Austen, Hierom, Cyrillus, Or [...]sius, Innocentius, Gennadius, and at the last Thomas Bradwardine a Doctor here in England.

The Pelagians were so called from him, and also Caelestiani from Caelestius one of Pelagius his Scholers. These taught that death was not the wages of sin, but that Adam should have died, though he had not sinned. That Adams sinne was hurtfull only to himself, and not to his posterity: That concupiscence was no sinne: That Infants did not draw Originall sinne from their Parents: [Page 285] That man after the Fall had free will to do good.

John Pell, a learned Mathematician of our own Country.

He hath written against Longomantanus de vera circuli mensura.

His learned sister Mistress Makins deserves also an honourable mention for her skill in the Latine and Greek.

Conradus Pellicanus, a learned Germane Divine, very skilfull in the Hebrew, Germanus Hebraicarum praesertim li­terarum, sicuti praeclara ejus in universum sacrarum lite­rarum corpus, scripta testan­tur, usque adeo peritus, ut ex ipsis quoque Judae­orum Rabinis pauci cum eo conferri posse videantur. Bezae Icon. vir Illust. Conradus Pellicanus Sacrarum litera­rum peritissimus interpres, & Hebraicae linguae primus ferè apud Christianos professor. Humfredus in vita Juelli. Diu Hebraicas litteras Tiguri magnâ cum laude professus, qui innumera ferè Rabbinorum Commentaria non solum in sacram Scripturam, sed etiam de arcanis Judaicae doctrinae ritibus scripta ex Hebraicis Latina [...]ecit. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 16. Vide Melch. Ad. in ejus vita. Chaldean and Arabick tongues.

He hath Commented on all the Bible.

The City Zurich hath had many eminent Sholers, as he, Theodore Bibliander, Conradus Gesner, that most excellent Historian, and many others.

Ludovicus Lavater writes that he had often heard from Pellican being old, that no Greek Testament could be found in Germany (the first copy was brought thi­ther out of Italy,) although one would lay out a great deal of money for one copy. Now such is the felicity of the times, that every Scholler hath one. Melch. Ad. in vita Pellicani.

William Pemble, a learned and pious Divine, a good Artist and Linguist both: a great ornament of Magdalen Hall in Oxford.

He wrote a Treatise of Justification, He died of a burning fever. and his minde running much on that sub­ject, he said when he was upon his death bed that he would die in it, viz. his per­swasion of Justification by the righteousness of Christ.

Joannes Pena, Mathematick Professor to the King of France in Paris. Rarâ Mathe­maticarum artium cogni­tione insignis. Thuanus Hist. Tom. 1. l. 21.

A great Mathematician, he was taken away with a violent fever in the very flow­er of his age, when he was but thirty years old.

He hath written a learned Tract de natura & usu optices. He was Peter Ramus his Scholer.

Gabriel Pennotus.

There are these Works of his,

Generalis totius ordinis elericorum Canonicorum historia tripartita.

Propugnaculum humanae libertatis, seu Controversiarum pro humani arbitrii li­bertate.

Benedictus Pererius, a learned Jesuite. Magni nomi­nis & erudi­tionis Jesuita. Montac. Appar. Vir sacris li­teris nobiliter imbutus. Id. ib. Vir & Graecè benè doctus, quod apparet, & in omni literatura versatus cumprimis, B. Pererius è Societate Theo­logus, in Commentariis & doctis & laboriosis ad Genesin. Montac. Exercit. 10. Sect. 1.

His Works are

Commentarii ac disput. in Genesin, In Exod. In Danielem. In Ep. Pauli ad Rom.

Opuscula Theologica, and other Works.

William Perkins, 1602. Perkinsus in Anglia pra­cticae & my­sticae theolo­giae vexillum extulit, ex cujus scriptis & concioni­bus ceu fonte perenni tot eximia scripta practica, & tot efficaces conciones practicae in Anglia, atque passim in Belgio nostro atque alibi natae atque irri­ga [...]ae. Voet. Bib [...]ioth. l. 2. Vilhelmus Perkinsu [...] sanctissimus & exercitatissimus Theologus, scriptis inptimis, quae Christianam praxim sapiunt, Clarissimus. Laeti Compend. Hist. Universal. a learned and godly Divine.

Famous amongst forraign Nations for his skill in Practicall Divinity, mentioned by Voetius and others

That worthy pair of our late Divines, Greenham and Perkins: whereof the one excelled in experimentall Divinity, and knew well how to stay a weak conscience, how to raise a fallen, how to strike a remorslesse: The other in a distinct judge­ment, and a rare dexterity in clearing the obscure subtilties of the School, and easie explication of the most perplexed Discourses. D r Hals first Dec. of Epist. Epist. 7.

[Page 286] David Cardinall Du Perron. Jacobus Davius Perronius Car­dinalis, cujus nomine nul­lum fere est apud adver­sarios illustri­us. Dallaeus de Pseudepigraphis Apostolicis l. 1. c. 1. Cardinalis ad stuporem doctus, velut scribendi ambiguus pauca emisit ser­mone patrio, sed prorsus ad amussim, quae nativi idiomatis interstrato nitore & singulari expositione verborum delectu ubique adhibito multopere commendentur. Nomenclat. Sanctae Romanae Eccles. Cardinal.

There are four great Volumes of his Works in Folio, in French.

Replique A La Response Du Serenissime Roy De La Grand Bretagne.

Les Diverses Oevres, &c.

Du Sainct Sacrement De L' Eucharistie.

Les Ambassades & Negotiations.

My Lord Faulkland cals him the great eloquent and judicious Cardinall Perron, and prefers him before Bellarmine and Baronius; and saith of his Book against K. James, that he was the Architect of the most glorious building, which ever in his opinion was erected to the honour of the Church of Rome.

Peter du Moulin in his Preface to his Answer to Cardinal Perron, or his Nou­neantè Du Papisme saith of Perrons Answer to K. James, le ne troune point entre les adversaires d' ouurage tant claborè, I finde not so elaborate a work amongst our enemies, Mais son peu de sçavoir en la langue Grecqué & és lettres humaines le fait sonnent broncher. But his little knowledge in the Greek tongue and in humane Learning makes him often stumble.

His book is well answered by Rivet, Peter du Moulin, and Blondell.

Nicolaus Perottus.

Sipontinus praesul, vertit Polybii histo­riam jussu Ni­colai quinti: aedidit & praecepta grammaticae quibus utuntur pueri, ac cornucopiae, diligentissimus vocabulorum perscrutator: si qu [...]d undecunque incognitum audifler, neque dormitare, neque terum aliquid gerere solebat, pri­usquam id investigasset. Volat. Anthropol. l. 21. Cornucopia.

Correctio Plinii Epist. ad Titum.

Aulus Persius Flaccus.

Anno gratiae 56. Persius po­eta moritur. Matth. Westm. Flor. Hist. p. 53. Malcum & verae gloriae, quamvis uno libro, Persius meruit. Quintil. Institut. Orat. l. 10. Qui liber etsi obscuritate & reconditis sensibus est plerunque refertus, nihilominus bonis est connumerandus autho [...]ibus. Lil. Gyrald. De Poet. Hist. Dial. 4. Perfii stilus Morosus: & ille ineptus qui cum legi vellet quae scripsislet, intelligi noluit quae legerentur. Scalig. Hypercrit. cap. 6. Jerom cals him the most eloquent of Satyrists.

Barten Holyday consulted with above a dozen Expositors, yet in the Preface to his translation of Persius hath these words, I may without ambition say, it is a new thing Persius understood. To have committed no faults in my Translation (saith he according to his elegant way of writing) had been to Translate my self, and put off man.

CHAP. V.

DJonysius Petavius, Dionysius Pe­tavius è Socie­tate Jesu Tem­porum Rati­onarium dedit, in quo, ae [...]atum omnium, Sacra profanaque Historia Chronologicis probationibus munita, summatim traditur, ab O [...]be condito ad Annum Christi 1632. Whear. De Methodo legendi historias parte 1 a. Sect. 6. Quo viro, nescio an habeat erudita Jesu societas doctiorem. Gassend. de vita [...]eireskii l. 3. Natione Galius, patria Aurelianensis vir, ut ejus ostendunt opera, ingenio max [...]mo, judicio acerrimo, excellenti memoria, omnium ferè rerum scientia excultus. Biblioth. Script. Societ. Jesu A Philippo Alegambe edita. Quo nemo hodie vivit in ea, quam falso vocant, Jesu societate, eruditionis ac doctrinae nomini­bus clarior. Dallaeus de Pseudepigraphis Apost. l. 1. c. 1. a learned Jesuite.

He wrote against Scaliger and Salmasius.

That Scaligero-mastix. Greg. de Aeris & Epochis.

Qui ad omnia, non solum falsa aut inania, verùm etiam vera, certa & omnium consensu approbata, vellicanda & carpenda natus esse videtur. Croii Observat. in N.T. c. 9.

[Page 287] Samuel Petitus, a very learned man.

There are these Works of his,

Miscellaneorum, lib. 9.

Variarum lectionum, lib. quatuor.

Eclogae Chronologicae.

Com. in leges Leges Atti­cas edidit, à se, quo volu­erat, modo collectas, & concinuatas, ad quas commentarium addiderat. Erat vir probus, & doctus, sediis prae­sidiis, quae ad opus hujus argumen [...]i elaborandum necessaria erant, destitutus. Herald. Animadvers. In Salmas. Observat. Ad Jus Attic. & Rom. l. 2. c. 12. Atticas.

Francis Petrarke, an Italian, a witty and sententious Orator, and Poet. Franciscus Petrarcha Phi­losophus, Rhetor & Poeta celeber­timus, qui humanitatis artes post lon­ga silentia in­ter mortuas ab inferis revo. cavit. An. Aerae Christi 1304. Calvis. Chronol. Franciscus Pe­trarcha vir apprimè doctus, floruit ante annos 200, dicere solitus est, nullum cujusquam majus malum optari posse, quam ut fiat Papa. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 18. Florentinus Parmensis archidiaconus, saeculi sui lumen, Apud Pontifices, si adblandiri voluisser, nihil non consecuturus. Extra contentionis aestum positus, plaeraque scri­pserit contra Curiam Romanam in suis poematis quam graphicè depingit, quamque Babylonicam meretricem, erroris Scholam, imposturae officinam, haereseos Templum passim vocitat. Morn. Myst. Iniq. Natione He­truscus, vir undecunque doctissimus, Latinae linguae multis jam saeculi [...] extinctae primus instaurator, Hetruscae poeseos parens: & absque ulla Controversia princeps, ob egregiam Latini carminis laudem in Capitolio Romano, lauream Coronam publico totius Italiae favore consecutus. Sixt. Senens. Biblioth. Sanct. l. 4. Vide Lud. Viv. de trad. discip. l. 3.

One of the great restorers of Learning.

Vir omnium saeculorum memoria dignissimus, Pignor. Symbol. Epist. Ep. 14.

He was born in the year 1304. and died in the year 1374. having lived 70 years wanting but a day.

There is in his Latine Works a neat expression, a spirit sinewy and sententious, a style short and concise. He was another Seneca.

He calleth Rome the Whore of Babylon, the School and mother of errour, the Temple of heresie, the nest of treachery, and seemeth plainly to affirm, that the Pope was Antichrist, declaring that no greater evil could happen to any man, then to be made Pope.

His life is written by Papirius Massonus. There was great flocking after him, from France and all Italy.

Sacras literas, ut humiles & incomptas, & humanioribus impares nimio illarum amore, & contemptu harum, & opinione de se falsa, atque impotenti inventa, diù tumidus adolescens, fugit. Verùm liber confessionum divi Augustini, aditus ei postre­mò fuit, ad omnes sacras literas, sibique librum illum praedicat autorem fuisse, ut ado­lescentiae vitia dimitteret. Papir. Masson. ib.

He wrote De vita solitariae.

De remediis utriusque fortunae.

De Communi mundi contemptu.

De vita sapientis.

Bucolica, Eclogae: & alia venustissima Poemata quae scripsit lingua Hetrusca: and other Works mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

His Ancestors were Florentines, and lived in exile, but he returned home and died in his own Country of an Apoplexy. He was buried at Arquato Montanere, a village belonging unto Padua, where in honour of him a Sepulchre of Marble was built, and an Epitaph of his own making inscribed, part whereof is as fol­loweth,

Frigida Francisci lapis hic regit ossa
Fessus (que) in terris, caeli requiescit in arce.

Petronius Arbiter, an obscene Writer, yet his Latine is pure and elegant.

Elmenhorstius in the life of John Wower cals Petronius Impurissimum scriptorem purissimae latinitatis. Multae erudi­tionis homi­nem Petronium fuisse facilè cognoscimus, nam in taxandis moribus cum acrem, tum festivum maximè, & jocis seria, miscentem videmus. Scripsit lascivè admodum & impudicè, ut ex ipsis fragmentis facilè cognoscimus. Lil. Gyrald. De Poet. Histor. Dial. 4.

[Page 288] Suffridus Suffridus Petreius ori­gines, colonias, nobilitatem, libertatem, jura gentis suae illustranda suscepit, in quibus altiùs reperendis dum admistis fabularum figmentis nimiùm stylo indulget, multorum reprehensiones incurrit, ut Uboni Emmio, qui eandem provinciam summâ fide ac admirandâ simplicitate postea executus est, potius lampada tradidisse, quàm ei inscribenda historia patria praeluxisle videatur. Thuan. Hist. tom. 5. l. 119. Petrus. He was a Frisian, and wrote the history of Frisia, and of the Writers of Frisia.

Gasper Peucer, a learned Physitian, well skilled in Philosophy and the Mathe­maticks. Magnae vir eruditionis & minimè vanus. Bodin. Meth. Hist. c. 4. Gasp. Peucerus Medicus, Philippi Melancthonis gener, vir libro, quem de Divinationibus scripsit, sed de­cennali, quem ob Constantem veritatis de persona Christi & Caena Domini professionem sustinuit, carcere, longe celebrior. Scultet. de Curriculo vitae. Vide Thuan. Hist. tom. 5. l. 127. Palmam inter ejus scripta obtinere videtur Commentarius, de'praecipuis divinationum generibus: in quo à prophetis, auctoritate divina traditis, & à phisicis con­jecturis discernuntur artes & imposturae diabolicae, at (que) observationes natae ex superstitioene & cum hac conjunctae: & monstrantur fontes & causae physicarum praedictionum: diabolicae verò ac superstitiosae confutatae damnantur. Melch. Ad. in ejus vita.

He hath written a singular book of his own imprisonment and freedom.

Christ. Pezelius, a learned Writer.

Many of his Works are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue.

He died Anno Dom. 1606.

Demetrius Fuit hic Theophrasti auditor, ac Athenarum per docennium praefectus, à quibus tot statuis fuit ornatus; quot dies annus habere credebatur, hoc est trecentis & sexaginta. Vide Strabonem l. 9. ac Plinium l. 34. c. 6. Voss. De Histor. Graec. l. 1. c. 12. Phalereus. He hath written

De Elocutione. De Interpretatione Praecepta Rhetorica.

Philo Hebrae­us, vir omni­um consensu doctissimus, floruit sub Caio Impera­tore, ad quem etiam legatio­ne functus est pro gente sua. Bellarm. de Script. Eccles. Anno Aerae Christi 40. Calvis. 37. Helv. Chron. De hoc vulgo apud Graecos dicitur, aut Plato Philonem sequitur, aut Platonem Philo, tanta est similitudo sensuum & eloquii. Hieron. de Script. Eccles. Scripta ejus pigmentis Platonicis condita & multis luminibus Hellesmi illi ita esse nemo negaverit. Scalig. Elench. Trihaeres. Serar. c. 25. Philo Judaeus. He lived in Christs time, and was born at Alexandria, a famous Town in Aegypt.

Though he was a Jew, yet he was altogether unskilfull in the Hebrew, as the Jews of Alexandria, and almost all the Hellenists were.

Homo Graecè tantum loquens, Hebraismi autem adeo imperitus, ut dubitem an eti­am legere sciret Hebraicè. Scalig. Elench. Trihaeres. Serar. c. 18.

The Greek tongue was so common at Alexandria, that the Bishops, as Atha­nasius, Cyrill, Theophilus, &c. there preached to the people in Greek. The Apo­stle therefore writing to the Hebrews alleadgeth to them the Scripture according to their translation. Pet. du Moulins Antibarb. c. 10.

Il fut tellement versè en toute bonne literature, que non senlement envers ceux de sa secte, mais anssi envers les Chrestiens & Philosophes prophanes, il estoit en grand credit & estinne. Theuet. Vies des hommes Illustres l. 2.

Philo natione & sapientia Judaeus, Graecanicae verò facundiae leniter fluens amnis, aut in alueo scripturarum potius dulcè canens cygnus. Ovid. Fabrit. In N.T. Syr. Lat. Interpret. praefat.

The book of Wisdom was written by him, living after Christs passion, resurre­ction, and ascention, yet he never beleeved in Christ. Doctor Twisse against Ford.

He was Judaorum disertissimus. Jerom.

A great imitator of Plato, so that it was said of him, [...]. He wrote among other things of the life of Moses.

His allegorizing so much is disliked.

Jo. Philoponus. Anno Dom. 602.

He wrote 7 books on the first Chapter of Genesis concerning the creation of the world.

[Page 289] John Philpot.

He and Bishop Ridly were the most learned of our English Martyrs in Q. Maries dayes.

Fl. Philostratus. Lemne fuere duo Philostrati Graeci valde eruditi scriptores. Senioris extant eti [...]mnum lib. 8. de vita Apolonii Tynaei, qui discendi causa totum terrarum orbem peragravit, quae ibi copiosè commemorantur. Heroicae item Icones, & vitae Sophistarum in duos libros distinctae. Junioris autem nihil habetur praeter Icones, quae sunt accuratae, elegantissimae, & tanquam de­pictae variarum rerum florido stylo descriptiones. Neand. Geog.

Franciscus Philelphus. Ad omne ge­nus scripti sese accomodavit, ac ut de Vinicio dicit Augustus, ingenium in numerato habebat: Graeca, Latina, Lyrica, He­roica, prosam orationem ex tempore dictitabat. Idcirco Francisco Sfortiae gratissimus Mediolani profitebatur. Volaiterani Anthropol. l. 21.

Gul. Philander, a very learned man.

There is his

Epitome in omnes Georgii Agricolae, de mensuris ac ponderibus libros.

Photinus Anno gratiae 368. haeresis Photini ag­noscitur. Fuit Siranae urbis Episcopus, qui astruxit, Christum à Maria per Joseph, nuptiali coitu, conceptum. Matth. West. Flor. Hist. p. 78. Erat & ingenii viribus valens, & doctrinae opibus excellens, & eloquio praepotens: quippe qui utroque sermone copiosè & gravi­ter disputa [...]et & scriberet: quod monumentis librorum suorum manifestatur, quos idem patrim Graeco, partim Latino sermone composuit. Vincent. Lirin. Advers Haeres. c. 16. Dicit Deum singulum esse & solitarium, & more Judaico confitendum: Trinitatis plenitudinem negat, neque ullam Dei verbi, aut ullam Spiritus sancti putat esse personam: Christum verò hominem tantummodò solitarium adserit, cui principium adscribit ex Maria. Et hoc omnibus modis dogmatizat, solam nos personam Dei patris, & solum Christum hominem colere debere Id. ibid.. He was learned, but a great Heretique.

He denied the Deity of the Sonne and Holy Ghost. Whence the Photinians.

There are two main parts of the Socinian Religion. The first concerning the Person of Christ, Photinianism. The other the Grace of Christ, Pelagianism.

Photius Patriark of Constantinople, he flourished in the 9 th age, Anno Dom. 860. the learnedst man of his time. Vir omnium Graecorum sui saeculi longe eruditissimus, floruit autem Anno 879. vivere desiit Anno 889. Dallaeus de Pseudep. Apost. l. 1. c. 2. Graeco-Latinae editioni Bibliothecae Photii praemittuntur eruditorum aliquot judicia de Photio. Hic primus secessionem apertam fecit à Latina Ecclesia. Gen. Chron. l. 4.

Casaubone in his Epistles much commends his Bibliotheca.

Acerrimo vir ingenio perspicacissimó (que) & in omni genere doctrinarum praestantis­simus Scriptor, Photius, Patriarcha Constantinopolitanus. Fulleri Miscel. lib. 2. cap. 3.

Alexander Piccolominy Archbishop of Sienna, a good Linguist and Artist.

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Francis Piccolominy.

Many of his Works are also mentioned in Oxfhrd Catalogue.

Pet. Picherellus, a learned Frenchman. Homo trium linguarum pe­ritissimus & acutissimi ju­dicii, qui Jo. Vatablo olim cum Jo Salig­na [...]o & Jo. Mercero ope­ram navaverat. Finem elaboratis in B. Paullum Commentariis imposuit, absoluta ad Philemonem Epistola, jamque omnia descripta habuit, praelis cum commoditas se offerret, committenda, quod ut contingeret pro votorum summo exoptavit. Huic Thuanus post elaboratus in B. Matthaeum & Lucam Commentaries auctor fuerat, ut in Paullum scriberet, & ille eo auctore munus injunctum alacriter susceperat; quod in eo interpretandi genere paucos admodum digne se exercuisse arbitraretur, nam extra caussam religionis diligentiam Th. Bezae laudabat, sed post ejus messem mag­num sibi & aliis spicilegium relictum dicebat. Sed mala sorte accidit, ut haut multo post placidissima ejus morte secuta­res omnis ad haeredes devenerit, homines litigiosos, qui dum se Cadmea victoria utrinque conficiunt, pretiosam illam avunculi supellectilem dissipari & in manus alienas transire passi sunt, à quibus vix spes est ut redimi & ad publicam utilitatem prodire possint. Thuan. Comment. de vita sua l. 4.

We may judge of his great abilities, by those little Tracts de Coena Dominica, de Missae sacrificio, de Igne purgatorio, de Imaginum usu, and some other things that way, and likewise of his little difference from us in the weightiest points of our Religion, the more pity is it, that his excellent Notes on a great part of the New Testament should so unhappily perish after his death, as Thuanus re­lates.

[Page 290] Jo. Pierius Valerianus.

He hath written an admirable Discourse of the Egyptian [...], sive ut v [...]x sonat, sacrae scripturae, ni­hil aliud erant, quam animalium mutarumque rerum figurae, ab Aegyptiis loco literarum in sacris usurpatae, ne à vulgo intellige­rentur. Haec ante papyri usum saxis insculpebant. Voss. de Arte Grammatica l. 1. c. 41. Hieroglyphicks.

Elegans opusculum Joannis Pierii Valeriani, quo agit de litteratorum infelicitate. Vossius de Histor. Lat.

Albertu [...] [...]ighius.

Dicunt Pon­tificii Pighium, alioqui Catho­licum Docto­rem, seductum ex lectione librorum Cal­vini. At Pighi­us ipse testatur, sententiam suam se è le­ctione scripturarum hausiffe: O Calvinum vel adversariorum testimonio beatum, cujus scripta tantum cum sacris scripturis consensum retinent, ut quod Pontificius Doctor celeberrimus fatetur se ex Sacrae Scripturae lectione ha­buisse, id alii Pontificii lectioni librorum Calvini tribuant. Profecto nisi Scholasticorum sententia cum manifestis scriptaris pugnasset, nunquam illam deseruisset Pighius. Episc. Carlet. Consens. Eccles. Cathol. contra Trident. De Gratia c. 3. Libros tuos de Hierarchiae Ecclesiasticae principatu cum legerem, plurimáque in illis invenirem, quae tua cura & diligentia in lucem è tenebris quasi vetustatis prolata sunt: scatereque ibidem omnia optimis & senten­tiis & autoritatibus cernerem: equidem ingenium, & doctrinam, & notitiam tuam rerum antiquarum sum admi­ratus. Sadoles. Epist. l. 16. Alberto Pighio Campensi. In libro de Hierarchia quo veluti acutissimo gladio Lutheri cau­sam jugulavit, ferè nemini concessam pietatis & doctrinae laudem adeptus est. Paul. Jov. Elog. Doct. Vir.The greatest learned man of your side: B. Jewell often stiles him so in his Reply to D r Cole.

Pontificiorum Archilles adversus Lutherum, qui totus noster est in causa Justifica­tionis. Episc. Mortoni Antidotum contra merita. cap. 7. sect. 1.

Albertus Pighius felici ac versatili vir ingenio, qui cùm Theologiae atque Astro­nomiae cognitione naturalem quoque prudentiam, rerumque publicarum usum & intel­ligentiam conjunxit, eximia Latinae dictionis elegantia, quae scriberet ageretve comi­tante. Auberti Miraei Elog. Belg. Vide plura ibid.

Stephanus Pighius.

Vir de universâ antiquitate Romanâ praeclarè meritus. Voss. de Construct. c. 25.

Laurentius Pignorius, the great ornament of Italy, born Anno 1571.

Si Literato­rum omnium calculum at­tente [...]pectas, sapientia, eru­ditione, latina facundia, mo­ribus suavissi­mis summus. Illius laudes, aliorum de eo judiciis, & testimoniis, non minori facundia nobis Jacobus Thomasinus libello de ejus vita edito adumbravit. Leonis Allatii Apes Vrbanae. Commendavit illum in primis uberras scri­bendi mira, cui nullum ferè par alibi hac aetate. Quanti amicos ille suos fecerit, ejusdem docent Epistolicarum Symbolicarum libri: quibus cosdem immortalitate donare nisus est. Tomas. Elog. Vir. Illust. Vossius styles him Clarissimum, & diffusae reconditae (que) eruditionis virum.

He hath written Symbolae Epistolicae Epistolicall Symbols. The title of that Book is, Symbolarum Epistolicarum Liber primus, In quo nonnulla ex Antiquitatis, Iu­riscivilis, & Historiae penu depromuntur & illustrantur, multaque Auctorum loca emendantur & explicantur.

There are also these Works of his,

Characteres Aegyptii, hoc est Sacrorum quibus Aegyptii utuntur Simulacrorum accurata delineatio.

De servis, & eorum apud veteres Ministeriis, Commentarius.

With other Latine and Italian books of his printed, mentioned there before his Epistles.

As he was well acquainted with Joannes Vincentius Pinellus, Marcus Velserus, Paulus Aicardus, Janus Gruterus, Hieronymus Aleander, and many other learned men, so he had Imagines virorum Clarissimorum in his study, many of those before mentioned, and also Bellarmine, Baronius, Francis Petrake, Pancirolus, Torqua­tus Tassus, Tully, Onufrius Panvinius.

Pindar one of the chief Greek Lyrick Poets.

Nemo tam ineptus impe­ritusque magi stellus est, qui non Pindarum legat, interpretetur: & quotusquisque est Graeculorum nostrorum, qui Pindarum intelligat? Heraldi Adversaria l. 2. c. 8. Fuisse novem Lyricos Poetas Graecos habitos celebres, quorum Pindar [...] tulerit palmam, nemo peritus literarum Graecarum ignorat; certè quadam spiritus (ut ita dicam) magnificen­tia, sententiis, figuris, rerumque ac verborum copia sic ille polluit, ut Horatius inimitabilem dixerit. Possev. Bib­lioth. Select. tom. 2. l. 17. c. 18.To whom it is peculiar suddenly to strike as it were, with a Divine Scepter, the [Page 291] mindes of men, by rare short sentences. S r Francis Bacons Advancem. of Learn. l. 8. c. 1.

Pineda, he hath written a large Commentary on Joh in two Volumes.

Joannes Vincentius Pinellus, a learned Italian. Nascitur Anno M.D.XXXV. Vide Thuan. Hist. tom. 5. l. 126. & Pign. Symb. Epist. Ep. 22. Vir maximi quidem nominis, sed majoris tamen ingenii, & doctrinae. Voss. De Histor. Lat. l. 3. c. 8. Aetas no­stra librorum tum veterum tum recentiorum oppidò ferax, paucos vidit in eo genere litterarum quas humaniores vocamus, quibus non inscriptum alicubi esset Pinelli nomen: & sanè decebat honorificè appellari eum, in cujus bibliotheca viri docti maxima studiorum suor [...] praesidio collocata intelligebant. Vita Joannis Vincentii Pinelli, Auctore Paulo Gualdo. Morum integritatem adeo adamavit, ut cum adolescens Patavii domum conduxisset è regione aedium clarissimae tunc temporis faeminae Constantiae Fulgosae, ad quas animi causa horis subcesivis venti­tabant, quotquot Patavii runc ingenii laude florebant, nunquam tamen eo diverterit Pinellus, pudori suo labeculam quampiam adspergi posse ratus, si de instituto genere vitae aliquantulum remisisser. Quod sibi propositum ne exci­deret unquam, vitreas fenestras, per quas in lectissimae matronae ejúsque pulcherrimarum comicum cubicula in­trospectaret, pessulo obfirmatas perpetuò voluit, quod (ut aiebat) existimarer, nolle illas spectari se, molestéque tempestivè earum acta parùm exploraret. Id ibid.

He was skilled in Hebrew, Greek, Latine, Spanish, French.

He adorned the most inward rooms of his house with greater Geographicall Tables or Mapes, and with the Icones of illustrious men.

He had Books sent him out of all Europe. He is much commended by Gassendus in vita Peireskii p. 30, 31.

John Piscator.

He was an excellent Scripture-Divine, but no School-Divine, and therefore no marvell if he want the accuratenesse of Scholasticall expressions. D r Twisse a­gainst Hoord, l. 2.

He hath written upon all the Scripture, and other Works.

Jo. Pistorius.

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Jo. Pitsaeus.

He hath written a Book de Scriptoribus Illustribus Britanniae.

He seems to slight Balaeus, and saith he took many thing out of Leland, whereas he never saw Leland, but took all out of Balaeus.

CHAP. VI.

FRanciscus Pithaeus, brother to Peter Pithaeus.

He hath put out Collectanea on Petronius. Nobile par fratrum. Petrus cog­nomento non tam Pithaeus quam Pithius. Ego enim à Graeca voce Deae Pithus nomen illi esse suspicor. [...]ap. Masson. Vide Turneb. Advers. l. 21. c. 28. Petrus Pithaeus J.C. clarissimus fugientes Gallia musas moratur cum paucis Casaub. Animadvers. in lib. 1. Sueton. Tristissimus de morte optimi, doctissimi, sapientissimi & amicissimi Petri Pithaei nuncius. Casaub. Epist 247. Thuano. Immortale illud Galliae decus quo viro digniorem omni laude alium ne historiae quidem continent. Casaub. not in Capitolinum. Vir summa probitate & eruditione. Scalig. de emendat. Temp. l. 6. Petrus Pithaeut J. C. ra [...]ae cujusdam eruditionis vir, natus ad eruenda vetustatis monumenta. Gesn. Biblioth. Thuanum nuntius oppressit mortis P. Pithaei viri & consiliorum & studiorum consensione sibi conjun­ctissimi, qui scribendae historiae auctor ipsi fuerat, quo perculsus parum abfuit, quin ea quae jam secerat, concerpe­ret, tanto adjutore destitutus, & opus omnino relinqueret ad aliquot certe dies publico abstinuit, & multum de pristina hilaritate remisit, cum ducem studiorum undique circomspiciens frustra requireter, nec reperiter. Nam ad hoc quod instituerat, praecipue ejus opera utebatur; urpote qui magnam rerum nostrarum notitiam habebat, & subactum maximè judicium ad cas adhibebat, verique ac recti incorruptum amorem rara prudentia & aequirate temperabat, res Henrico II. gestae eo superstite scriptae & ab eo in parte recognitae & emendatae, & cum vivere desiit, earum exemplum penes se habebat, aliis amicis philologis ad alia utebatur. Thuan. Comment. De vita sua l. 6. Vide plura ibid. & ejus Hist. Tom. 5. l. 117. parte prima.

Pet. Pithaeus.

Casaubone never saw him (as Thuanus in the 6 th book of his Commenta­ries concerning his own life saith) yet how doth he extoll him?

He had rare and exact knowledge in all Antiquity, Ecclesiasticall history and other wayes.

His disposition was sweet, and he farre from all ambition and deceit, he was very prudent and skilfull in mannaging affairs.

[Page 292] Thuanus in the first part of the fifth Tome of his Hist. l. 117. much commends him, and at last concludes thus of him, that in the Civill Law of the Romans, he came to that height, that it might be justly said of him, and his most famous Ma­ster Cuiacius, Hunc discipulo praeripuisse, ne primus Jurisconsultus esset, illum prae­ceptori, ne solus.

All the great men of this age (saith Papirius Massonus in his Elogia) make honourable mention of him in their books, and some of these dedicate their Wri­tings to him and his brother Francis, as the lights of France.

Many of his Books are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Bartholomaeus Illud verò mirandum, quod homo Theologus, in Mathematum studiis nullo nisi se magi­stro, eo usque progressus est: ut editis scriptis, disciplinae illius gloriam magnis Matheseos professoribus praeripu­erit. Melchior Adam in ejus vita. Pitiscus.

Anno Dom. 1561.A Divine of profound Learning, of an acute wit, very methodicall and perspi­cuous in teaching and writing.

He was a very great Mathematician, and hath written severall Treatises of Triangles.

He saith in the Preface to one of his Books, Alii schacchia ludunt & talis: ego regula & circino, si quando ludere datur.

Plantavitzius.

He hath written a great Dictionary for the Hebrew, and other Works. Qui summo conamine libros Ebraicos sibi affatim comparavit, adjuvante praeceptore suo Ludovico Mathniensi. Seldenus de Syned. l. 3. c. 13.

Christopher Plantine.

A learned Printer, who hath been very usefull to the Commonwealth of Learning by Printing the King of Spains Bible, and many other excellent Works.

Christophori Plantini viri de Typographica arte, qua caeterae omnes illustrantur & vivunt, optime meriti, summam ingenii dexteritatem, admirabilem prudentiam, sedulam operam, infinitos labores, ac denique omnibus in rebus insignem diligentiam. nemo satis admirari, ac dignis laudibus extollere potest. Ariae Montani praefat. In Sac, Bib. Quadriling. Reg. edit.

Bartholomaeus Platina, Bartholomaeus Platina rather saith Vossius, and he gives reasons for it. Valde pronus ad notandas Pontificum maculas. Geneb Chronol. l. 4. Etsi turpiter & impudenter Papis adulatus sit: tamen nimia ipsorum turpitudine ac malitia Coactus aliquando, etiam subindicat Babyloniae meretricis ne­fanda scelera. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 19. Inter caeteros qui pontificum res gestas memoriae tradiderunt, facilè princeps est, B. Platina, non solum ob eruditionem reconditam & longam rerum Ecclesiasticarum usum, sed etiam ob amplitudinem & plenitudinem ipsius operis quod edidit. Quem proinde doctissimus prudentissimusque vir Onuprius Panuinius dignissimum judicavit, quem non modo eruditissimis annotationibus suis illustrarer, sed & appendice quoque adjecta ad Pium usque quintum porrò expleret. Epist. Dedicat. ad Historiam Platinae De vitis Pontificum Romanorum. Vir fuit alioqui gravis & procul à mendacio, eóque praesertim admiratione dignior, quod jam provecta aetate, ac tirocinio posito, quod totum militiae prius tradiderat, literas didicit. Volat. Anthropol. l. 21. a most learned man. Some call him Baptista Platina, so Jac. Bergomus in suppl. Ch. and Albertus Leander in his description of Lombardy; others call him Bartholomaeus Platina, so Ang. Roccha and Volaterane, his Epistle to Jacobus Picolominaeus is so, Barth. Platina. Ja. Cardinali Papiensi.

He was especially famous for his Work de vitis Pontificum usque ad Paulum II. by whom he was cast into prison and detained four whole moneths, when he un­dertook to defend the cause of Pomponius Laetus, and other learned men, which were said to have conspired against him.

He was great with Pope Sixtus the 4 th, and by him made keeper of the Vaticane Library.

Anno Christi 1536. Felix Platerus, a learned and pious Physitian.

Joannes Posthius thus played on his name,

Cùm felix animo, felix sis divite censu,
Felicis nomen convenienter habes.

His Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

[Page 293] Plato, he was an Athenian Philosopher; he was called [...], that is, Divine, for his rare wisdom. Ratio dicendi facunda, dul­cis, amoena, veneribus de­pluens, flumen lacteum di­ceres, labi sine murmure, & in tuas aures, in ora, in intima pectora suaviter inundare. Hunc Marcus, Plutarchus, Galenus, Proclus, Longinus, Demetrius. & omnes quotquot sunt ethnicorum auctorum principes, plena laudant manu. Divi ipsi, Augustinus, Hieronymus, Justinus, Basilius, Gregorius, Clemens, Theodoretus, honorificè appellant. Caussin. Eloq. Sac. & Human. Paralel. l. 2. c. 22. Philosophorum, quis dubitet Platonem esse praecipuum, sive acumine dis [...]erendi, sive eloquendi facultate divina quadam & Homerica? Multum enim supra prosam orationem, & quam pedestrem Graeci vocant, surgit: ut mihi non hominis ingenio, sed quodam Delphico videatur oraculo instructus. Quintil. Institut. Orat. l. 10 c. 1. Anno M. 3525. Philosophorum Deus nascitur: Cum parvulus aliquando dormi [...]et, apes facundiae omen in labellis ejus consederunt. Calvis. Chron.

When Tully commended any of the Philosophers, he still added, Semper ex­cipio Platonem: Pliny cals him Sapientiae Antistitem. Plato ille sublimis apex phi­losophorum & columen. Arnob. Adversus Gentes l. 1.

He had his name Plato from his broad shoulders.

His Works are in one Volume.

Plautus. He is called Musarum decima & linguae Latinae decus, Varro dicit Musas Aelii Stolonis sen­tentia Plautino sermone locu­turas fuisse, si Latinè loqui vellent. Quintil. Instit Orat. l. 10. Plautum ut Comicum, Terentium ut loquutorem admirabor. Scalig. Hypercrit. c. 2. Vide Stradae prolus. l. 3. praelect. 2, & 3. musarum ille & Gratiarum hortus.

He was born at Sarsina an ancient City at the fo [...]t of the Appenine in Lombardy.

Taubman before his excellent Commentary, hath many Elogia of Plautus.

C. Plinius. Anno Aerae Christianae 68. Plinius junior 79. Helv. Chron. Maxima pri­scorum negli­gentia. Dum rerum naturas profitentur, elenchis no­minum tan­tum coacervatis, nobis plus inquirendum, quam si nihil prodidissent, reliquerunt. Inter quos princeps Plinius, dum studet nihil intactum relinquere, importuna festinatione praeceps, pro epulis apponit titulos convivis. Scalig. De Subtil. Advers. Cardanum exercit. 207. Tantus vir, ut non mirum sit si vulgus illum improbet, cum minime au­ctor vulgaris sit. Jos. Scal. Francisco Vertuniano suo inter opusc. Hoc tene, Plinium eruditissimum suae aetatis hominem, Latinae elegantiae observantissimum non mirum aliquando in vertendis Graecis hallucinari. Hoc non solum illi sed & Ennio, Attio, Ciceroni accidit. At quibus viris qui sunt columina priscae Latinitatis. Jos. Scal. Francisco Vertuniano inter. opusc. Plinius Veronensis, naturalis historiae scriptor. Neronis aevo clarescere caepit: imprimis autem Vespasiani & Filii temporibus floruit. Praeter eximium ac nunquam satis laudatum opus Historiae naturalis, multa scripsit alia, quae tempora nobis inviderunt. Voss de Histor. Lat. l. 1. c. 29.

He wrote 37 Books of the History of the world, and was Uncle to him who wrote the Epistles, as the Epistle 16. l. 6. ad Cornelium Tacitum shews. The whole Epistle is about the death of the elder Pliny, and begins thus, Petis ut tibi avunculi mei exitum scribam, &c.

He sometimes labours more to write much, then exactly.

Plinius ille diligens totius antiquitatis pervestigator, qui nullam bibliothecam prae­termisse videtur, quam non excusserit & perlustrarit. Onid. Fab. In N.T. Syr. Lat. Interpret. Praefat.

Passeratius hath these verses,

In Plinii naturalem Historiam.
Cuncta suo amplexu magnus si continet orbis,
Plinius & to tum solus complectitur orbem:
Quisquis erit magni complexus scripta Secundi,
Ipso major eris, rerum qui maximus orbe.

C. Plinius Caecilius. He wrote six books of Epistles, Vide Baud. Orat. In Plin. Pan. Aschams Schoolmaster, 2 d part. Plinius secun­dus biblio­theca integra ac plane justa, tantis rerum ac verborum divitlis. Quis se illo praeterito Philologum audebit profi­teri. Ludovic. Viv. de tradend. discip. l. 3. and a Panegyrick to Tra­jane the Emperour.

Plinius secundus the purest Writer in mine opinion of all his age, I except not Suetonius, his two Schoolmasters, Quintilian and Tacitus, nor his most excellent learned Uncle.

[Page 294] Stephanus Paschasius hath these verses of him in his Icones,

Me lege; nec Plinium credas legisse secundum.
Nulli ego dum vixi quippe secundus eram.
Rursus & auctorem tu ne legisse putato:
En tibi sum larga Bibliotheca penu.

Edm Ployden, a grave man and singularly well learned in the Law.

Sir Edw. Cook pref to his 3 d part of his Reports cals them exquisite and elabo­rate Commen­taries. Sir Edw. Cookes Pref. to his 11 th Rep.His Commentaries, consisting of two parts, both of them learnedly and curi­ously polished, and published by himself, the one in Anno 13. Reg. Eliz. and the other in the 21 year of the same Queen, Works (as they well deserve) with all the professors of the Law of high account. The author was an ancient Apprentice of the Law, of the middle Temple, of great gravity, knowledge, and integrity.

Plutarke was born in the City of Chaeronea, Ammonius was his School­master. Fuit natione Boeotus, patriâ Chaeronensis, Sacerdos Py­thii Apollinis. Voss. de Hist. Graec. l. 2. c. 10. Anno Aerae Christianae 96 Helv. Chron. Vir & nobili prosapia na­tus, & Tra [...]a­no apprimè charus, à quo & Consul factus est; & nulli (ut ego opinor) in Historiis secundus. Crakanth. De Provid. Dei. Non Historiam propriè sed particulas historiae scripsit & ablegit, illustrium virorum vitas. Sed dignus tamen, si quis alius, Principe scriptor, qui judicium mirifice format, & diffusa ac plana quadam scribendi via ad virtutem ubique & Prudentiam ducit, sed ad illam magis: & nisi fallor, melior omnino quam acutior doctor. Lips. not. in 1. lib. Polit. Est quod in eo miremur liberum de re quaque judicium, ut non tam historicus quam principum cen­sor esse videatur: sic tamen existimo, si quis idoneus est earum rerum arbiter; aut Plutarchum esse aut neminem, quid enim tantam sapientiam latere potuit. Bodin. Meth. Hist. c. 4. Consulari à Trajano dig [...]ltate ornatum fu­ist [...], auctor est Suidas. Fuit Plutarchus vir undecunque doctissimus, idem philologus, philosophus, & historicus summus. Magnam enim horum trium scientiam undique ejus scripta spirant. Quin habitus etiam fuit orator bo­nus. Tamen dissimulare non possum, dictionem ejus gravem quidem esse, sed duriusculum videri. Verùm leviculum hunc defectum multijugâ adeò scientiâ abunde summus vir compensat. Voss. De Histor. Graec. lib. 2. cap. 10.

He was a grave and very learned Authour.

He lived under Domitian and Nerva, but flourished especially under Trajane. He was his Schoolmaster, and dedicated the Collection of his Apothegmes to him.

It was said of him, if all Authours were lost he alone might supply. Ita judico caeterorum scriptorum jacturam vel unius Plutarchi operibus resarciri posse. Frischlinus in defensione Aristophanis.

His Lives and Morals were his best Works. His Lives make an abridgement of all the best things contained in the Greek and Latine Histories.

He was a follower of Plato, but an enemy to the Epicures and Stoicks.

Plutarchus totius antiquitatis rimator, & indaegator tam curiosus, libro aureo de sera numinis vindicta. Herald. Animadvers. In Salmas. Observat. Ad Jus Att. & Rom. l. 4. c. 4.

Historiam hic alii mores sophiamque colamus;
Nullus erit geminum qui tibi praestet opus.
Hoc Cherronensis studium conjuxit utrunque
Historiae mores, moribus Historiam.
Steph. Paschas. Icon.

Theodorus Gaza a Grecian born, of singular learning, being once asked by his familiar friends, which saw him so greatly affectioned to his study, what Authour he would choose amongst many, if he could keep but one alone, he answered Plutarke, because there is none so profitable and delightfull also to reade as he.

Eximius vir, non sine ho­norificâ mo­destiae, cando­ris ac literatu­rae omnis ge­neris praefati­one nominan­dus. Dickinsoui Delphi Phoenicizantes, c. 10. De quo merito dubites utram majorem doctrinâ an à modestia laudem mereatur. Id. ibid. Edward Pocock, the worthy Professor of the Hebrew and Arabick Tongues in Oxford.

He is honourably mentioned by Gerhard on Peter, and other outlandish men.

His learned notes in Specimen hist. Arabum, and Miscellaneous Notes in Portam Mosis give good evidence of his abilities, and I hope as he in the book last quoted [Page 295] very learnedly and profitably handleth the places of Scripture which he treateth of, so he will improve his knowledge in the Orientall Tongues for the illustrating of divers passages in Scripture.

Joannes Franciscus Poggius Florentinus, a Lawyer and Doctor of Divinity, na­turally eloquent, especially in accusations and invectives. Vir quidem facetus & dicteriis cla­rus, pauloque amarior quam par erat. Boiss. Icones. Boxhor. Elog. Laurent. Vallae. Liber ejus fa­cetiarum non inficetissimus modo sed etiam impurissimus, & planè flammis dignus est. Boxhorn. Monum. Illust. Vir. & Elog. Voss. De Histor. Lat. l. 3. Scripsit facetias spurcitiarum opus turpissimum, & aquis incendioque dignum. Gesn. Biblioth.

He was facetious but too bitter, he wrote two books sharply against Laurentius Valla, to whom Valla replied as sharply.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

He wrote some obscene things, worthy to be burnt rather then read.

He was at the Councell of Constance, where he is said to have found Quintilian and Asconius Pedianus.

Amandus Polanus, the ornament of the University of Basill.

His Syntagma Theologiae Christianae, Commentary upon Daniel, Malachy, Obiit anno Dom. 1610. Illustres in hoc fuerunt vera pietas & solida eruditio. Valuit enim ingenio juxta & judicio: scientia linguarum principum & Ecclesiasticae an­tiquitatis. Amicitiam coluit cum viris & Theologis insignibus Theodoro Beza, Daniele Tossano, Georg. Sohnio, Guli­elmot Stuckio, Pareo, Pitisco, & aliis. Melchior Adam in ejus vita. and other learned Works shew his abilities.

Angelus Politianus, Ex monte Po­litiano Hetru­riae oppido, natus est An­no Domini 1454. Boiss. Icon. Politianus ela­boratus, verba ejus bona & usui communi apta, officiosis duntaxat, nam gravitatis mi­nus habet quam vellem: & dum selectas quasdem vel voculas, vel dicendi formulas quasi genuinas avet ostentare, longius circumducit lectorem, pluribus tum verbis tum sensu orationem onerans quam erat opus. Lud. Viv. de tra­dend. discip. l. 3. Politiani musae plurimum suavitatis habent, multo sale, argutiis veneribus conditae, sed ex ejus epigrammatis extirpanda sunt foeda illa gentili nedum Christiano indigna. Lud. Viv. ibid. Habuit nostra haec aetas bonarum literarum proceres duos, Hermolaum Barbarum, atque Angelum Polioianum, Deum immortalem, quam foelici ingenio, quam acri judicio, quantâ facundiâ, quantâ linguarum, quan [...]â disciplinarum omniú scientia praeditos. Eras. Epist. l. 4. Epist. 8. Vide plura ibid. Inter ea ingenia quae restaurandis literis cum favente fato praefuerunt, vel cum primis nescio etiam an ullo pare, semper ego aestimavi Angelum Politianum, tanta in eo viro dexteritas quocun (que) literarum se verteret, fuit ut nec nunc satis admirari dotes incomparabiles possit, licet nonnunquam tanto Heroi ini­quior posteritas. Melancth. tom. 3. declamationum. Angelum nostrum non nisi semel sacrum codicem legisse, adeo (que) dix­isse nullum tempus se unquam pejus collocasse, commemorat, ut & Ludovicus Vives, & ex eo Philippus Mornaeus c. 26. divini libri de verit. Relig. Christ. nec ullo idoneo teste, quod dicunt confirmant, & eo ipso satis siquidem confu­tantur, quod ipsem et Politianus de se scribit, sese quadragesimali tempore publicè populo sacras litteras enarrasse l. 4. Epist. 10. Boxhorn. Monum. Illust. Vir. & Elog. Vide Vossium de Poetis Latinis c. 7. so called à Monte Politiano, a Town in Hetruria.

He had not his fellow among all those that flourished in his age, as we may see by his Works.

He was most skilfull in the Greek and Latine tongue, a famous Grammarian, Oratour and Poet.

Huic me puero à multis primae deferebantur. Mira ejus omnino eruditio, vehe­mens & paratum ingenium, jugis & frequens lectio, sed calore potius quam arte ver­sus scripsisse videtur, judicii utique parum cùm in seligendo, tum in castigando ha­buisse visus est. Lil. Gyrald. De Poet. nost. Temp. Dial. 1.

In his youth he did first make the Greek Poet Homer to speak in the Latine Tongue.

Politian in the preface to his Miscel. saith thus, Ac non id quaesivimus: ut ali­quam doctis hominibus veluti labeculam aspergeremus: sed id cavimus potius: ne sub illorum auctoritate studiosorum fides periclitaretur.

See a commendation of his Miscellanies l. 3. Epist. 18. & 19. & l. 6. Epist. 4 & l. 7. Epist. 4.

His severall Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

Julius Pollux. Anno Aerae Christianae 180. Helv. Chron. Varietatem & copiam verborum suggerer, lectore tamen indiget doctissimo, nam innuit magis peritis, quam docet imperitos. Lud. Viv. de tradend. Discip. l. 3.

He lived in the time of Commodus the Emperour.

There is his Onomasticon Gr. Lat.

[Page 296] Reginaldus Polus Cardinalis.

Vir suit Polus egregiè doctus, modestus, mansuetus, & moribus suapte natura placi­dissimis, pru­dens etiam & in rebus gerendis magnae dexteritatis; ut nihil in eo desiderares, si Pontificia doctrina depravatus, ad crudelitatem in verae religionis professores exercendam, quasi in vita minerva & genio exclamante non deflexisset. Godwinus De Praesulibus Angl. Comment. Hunc Henricus octavus Rex maximè adolescentem amavit, non modò quia pa­terni maternique sanguinis cognatione atque necessi [...]udine conjunctus ei fuit, verum etiam quod literis & doctrina Regiam quondam illustrare stirpem, & Regni administrationi summo fibi adjumento esse posse sperabat. Antiq. Britan. p. 344, 345. Polus noster, homo haud paulo plus omnibus bonis artibus clarus, quam nobilitate, qua est a Britanniae regibus. Bemb. l. 3. Epist. Sadoleto. Homo & laude virtutis & nobilitate praestans Reginaldus Polus. Sadol. l. 2. Epist. Petro Bembo.He was of a very Noble extraction, being near of kinne to King Henry the 8 th, both by the Father and Mothers side, and a good Scholer.

In quo sanguinis nobilitas (nam proxima cognatione Regem contigebat) & morum gravitas cum eximia doctrina conjuncta extitit. Godw. Rerum Anglic. Annal. l. 2. p. 95. Vide etiam l. 3. p. 133.

In Calvins Epistles and Answers Bullinger writes to Calvin, that England had returned to the Pope and Popery, and that the devil to recover it had used two speciall instruments, the Bishop of Winchester within the Kingdom, and Cardinall Poole without it, who then was made Archbishop of Canterbury. And he shews there that Cardinall Poole was received with great solemnity at Pauls Crosse in London; and that the Bishop of Winchester in that Assembly revoked the Oration which he had before published under Henry the 8 th, de Obedientia, and that Car­dinall Poole when he spake to Queen Mary, blasphemously used the words of the Angell, Ave Maria gratia plena, Dominus tecum.

He died the same day that Queen Mary died.

CHAP. VII.

POlyander à Kerckoven, Doctor of Divinity in Leyden.

He hath put out Concertatio Anti-Sociniana.

Polybius. Multa & prae­ciara, libris XL. Compo­suit: sed pars pleraque aut tora periit, aut mutilata ad nos venit cum fraude generis humani. Recta & salutaria ubique ejus mo­nita: & quem ego hoc magis Principibus commendatum velim: quod anxia in eum inquisitione non opus sed sensus suos aperit & revelat ipse. Lips. not. ad 1. lib. Polit. Polybius omnium, qui nobis supersunt historiae Ro­manae scriptorum vetustissimus. Possev. Biblioth. Select tomo 2 do l. 16. c. 12. Vide Whear. Meth. leg. Hist. Sect. 13. Polybius non modo aequalis ubique ac sui similis: sed etiam intelligens, gravis, in laudibus parcus, in reprehensi­onibus acerbus, ac veluti prudens legislator & bonus imperator, multa de militari urbanaque disciplina, multa de historici officio disputat: scripsit autem historias omnium ferè populorum, qui suis temporibus floruerunt ab orbe condito ter millesimo sexcentesimo octogesimo, usque ad annum ter millesimum septuagesimum sextum, sed ex libris XL. quos scripsit XXXIV. interciderunt Bodin. Method. Hist. l. 4. Vide Voss. de Histor. Graec. l. 1. c. 19.

A learned Historian.

Polycarpus, a Tree that bare much fruit according to his name.

Quo viro post Apostolos, quorum fami­liaris tuit, vix ullus apud Christianos unquam fuit sanctior aut divinior. Dallaeus de Pseudepig. Apost. l. 2. Episcopus & Martyr, unam scripsit Epistolam egregiam ad Philippenses, quae cum Epistolis sancti Ignatii circumfertur. Bellarm. De Script. Eccles. Discipulus Joannis Evangelistae, & eruditionis & sanctitatis nomine per celebris, floruit circa 140. annum Domini, aut paulò post. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 2.He lived in the time of Ignatius, and drew the doctrine of the Gospel from the mouth of the Apostles, as a most pure fountain. Irenaeus saith of him, Hic docuit semper quae ab Apostolis didicerat: & Ecclesiae tradidit, quae sola sunt vera.

Arnoldus Pontacus.

Vossius terms him doctissimum & diligentissimum, and l. 2. De vitiis Sermonis, c. 3. Arnoldus Pontacus in iis, quae ad B. Hieronymi Chronicon magnâ industriâ, nec do­ctrina minore, annotavit.

[Page 297] Jo. Isaacius Pontanus, the King of Denmarks Historiographer, He hath written Rerum Dani­carum histo­riae l. 10. and divers other works. Recordari enim debes paucorum annorum spatio quot & quales viros amiserimus, Picun [...], Po­litianum, Pontanum, Pamponium, Hermolaum; qui quidem omnes uno tempore floruerunt. Bomb. Epist. Fam. l. 4. Philippo Beroaldo Minori. a learned Hi­storian.

Vossius honourably mentions him, lib. De constructione c. 63.

Johannes Jovianus Vir Cla­rissimus, Al­phonsi Mino­ris Neapoli­tani regis prae­ceptor, cujus opera erudita & varia tribus tomis etiamnum excusa reperiuntur. Neand. Geog. Parte 1 a. Pontanus.

Nulli sui saeculi Poetae, aut Oratori, scribendo vel docendo cessit. Boissardi Bib­liotheca.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard.

Lud. de Ponte Romanus.

Ludovicus Pontanus commonly sirnamed Romanus, because among all the Do­ctors of the Law, he chose his dwelling within Rome. He had so happy a memory, that he never alleadged the Law (and he alleaged it often) but he presently rehear­sed its text all along without book.

Ansonius Est profecto exempli per­quam rari, & proinde cedro digni, in una eademque familia, quatuor Germanos fratres pariter ad tantum eruditionis culmen pervenisse, ut intet coryphcos eruditorum merito censeri pòssint. Suffridus Pet. De Script. Fris. Popma.

Suffridus Petrus mentions three of his brethren as learned, Cyprianus a Popma, Sixtus a Popma, and Titus a Popma.

His book De differentiis verborum is of good use.

Porchetus Galatinus ejus compilator fuit. Wakfeild. Syntag. de He­braeorum codicum incorruptione.

Some say Galatinus took all out of him, Porchetus and he both out of Martinus Raymundus his Pugio.

There is his Victoria adversus Hebraeos, a book well esteemed of.

Porphyrius. He was Plotinus his Scholer, and Jamblichus his Master: he wrote fourteen books against the Christians, which he deadly hated. Anno Aerae Christianae 269. Helv. Chron. 280. Jac. Fris. Bibl. Phil. Ejus Isagoge in Aristot. organum, sive de quinque vocibus ubique Aristotelis organo praeponi solet. Gesn. Biblioth. Magnum hujus inter philosophos, ac sophistas, nomen fuit. Sed inter historicos quoque jure optimo referri, nemo inficias iverit, qui sciat [...] [...]hilosophorum vitas scripsisse. Voss. De Histor. Graec. l. 2. c. 16. He was a wicked and ungodly Jew of the kindred and sect of the Sadduces, an enemy of Christ, a ha­ter of God and his Word.

He wrote many books in Philosophy, Rhetorick, Grammer, and commented upon some of Aristotles books. Ejus adeo exosum & execrabile nomen, ut in edictis Imperatorum profligatissimi quique haeretici, Porphyriani dicerentur. Crakanth. De providentia Dei.

Gilbertus Porretanus. Anno Dom. 114.

There are his

6 Principia.

In quatuer Lib. Boethii de Trinitate.

Jo. Baptista Porta.

He discovers many rare and exquisite things.

He hath published severall Works,

De miraculis naturae.

De Furtivis literarum notis.

Magia naturalis.

De hum. Physiognomia.

De Distillationibus, and other Works.

[Page 298] Joan. Vincentius Porta. Ausim dicere, Vi [...]tentio Porta paucos me vidisse doctiores, homo est incredibilis eruditionis. Wower. Epist. Cent. 2. Epist. 6. Jano Gru [...]ero.

Joannes Posselius, a pious and learned man.

Hesiodus Analyticus.

Syntaxis Graecae linguae.

Colloquia.

Apophthegmata Graecae linguae.

Calligrophia Oratoria lingua Graecae, a book most profitable to get the propriety, elegancy and plenty of the Greek language. Liber hic certe magno labore & studio ex variis auctoribus Graecis est collectus, continetque tum phrases ac formas loquendi elegantiores, tum vocabula simplicia & synonima, item particularum usum, additis ubique tabulis, & probatorum auctorum illustribus exemplis: dignus qui ab omnibus serio Graecari, & Graece ac Latine scribendi exercitium conjungere volentibus, nocturna diurnaque manu versetur. Melch. Ad. in ejus vita.

Ant. Possevinus, Possevini Bib­liotheca se­lecta, quamvis admodum manca & mutila (ex livore scil. & praetenso odio haerese [...]; quo fit ut innumeros praestantissimos autores praetereat) lectu tamen utilissima. Voet. Biblioth. l. 2. Sect. prior. c. 1. an Italian of Mantua.

Some dislike him, he hath put all Campians reasons into his book, D r Raynolds therefore styles him Campiani haeres ex asse, and was wont to say of him, that he had need of a broom.

He was born in the Palatinate Anno 1537. Joannes Posthius, a learned Physitian and Poet.

He wrote excellent Poems intitled Parerga poetica. Some Anotomicall Observa­tions, and other things belonging to Physick.

Gul. Postellus, Gulielmus Po­stellus, non sine honore mihi nomi­nandus, quippe qui nobis Arabicae linguae praeceptiones tradiderit. Bibliander De Ratione Communi omnium Linguarum, c. 2. Qui Phi­losophiae & Mathematicarum artium studia primum professus, & inde longinquis peregrinationibus linguarum ex­terarum ac maximè Orientalium cognitionem adeptus, innumera exotici gustus scripta passim in Italia, Germania, & apud nos edidit. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 74. Vide plura ibid. a good Linguist, but he was mad, he held that Adams soul was in him, and other gross opinions.

He was the first of Christians which published the rudiments of the Arabick Grammer.

There are these Works of his,

De Linguaram 12 differentium Alphab.

Clavis absconditorum aeternae veritatis.

De Phaenicum Lit.

De Orbis Terrae concordia.

De Etruriae Origine.

Gabriel Powel.

There is his

Disput. de Antichristo.

De adiaphoris.

His resolved Christian.

His Positions of Usury in two Volumes in 8 0, and other Works.

Godeschalcus Praetorius.

Vir omni li­terarum, lin­guarum & doctrinarum genere praestantissimus. Neand. Geog. parte 1 a.A noble Poet made this Verse upon him, ‘Bis septem linguas, sophiam omnem calluit unus.’

Regnerus Praedinius the learned Rector of the School at Groning. Praedinius vo­carit voluit, quod nari & in praediis esset natus. Procedebant ex ejus Schola adolescentes ita fideli [...]er instituti, ac tam solidè docti, ut cum ad Academias se conferrent, omnibus essent admirationi. Vit. Profes. Gron.

His Works are published in one Volume.

[Page 299] Hieronymus Pragensis, a Bohemish Divine, who was truly worthy of a holy name, a Martyr also of Christ, as John Hus was, Praecipuis Galliae & Germaniae Academiis singularis ingenii doctrinaeque laude cognitus fuit. Ornatus erat miranda & plane divina eloquentia, nec non animi fortitudine & constantia singulari. Unde amplius 340. diebus immanissimi carceris fordibus & injurtis fuerat detentus causâ religionis. Boissardi Icones. and was burned at Constance Anno 1416.

D r John Preston, a learned and profound Divine.

His Treatise of the Divine Essence and Attributes, and his Sermons upon the Sacraments, with other Works are of great use.

John Prideaux, Doctor of Divinity and Bishop of Worcester, the Learned Pro­fessor of Divinity heretofore in Oxford.

His Lectures and Orations in Latine, and other Works have made him fa­mous both here and beyond sea.

Sylvester de Prierio.

He hath written Case-Divinity, called Summa Sylvestriana, and severall books against Luther for which the Pope sent him a golden Rose.

Gilbert Primerose.

A learned Scotchman who was a French Preacher at Bourdeaux, and after one of the Preachers in the French Church at London.

He hath put out severall French books,

La Trompette de Syon.

Le Voeu de Jacob opposè aux voeux des Moynes.

La defense de la Religion reformee par passages de l' Escripture.

Many of his Works are translated into English.

David D r Prideaux when he an­swered in the Divinity Schools for Ba­chelor in Di­vinity, said thus to him, Accepimus responsionem tuam mi fili, tanquam adventantis veris gratissimam primam Rosam. Primerose his son was Preacher at Roane in France.

He put out These [...] Theologicae.

De Peccato in genere & specie.

De Necessitate satisfactionis pro peccato per Christum.

De Divina praedestinatione, & annexis articulis.

A Treatise against the morality of the Sabbath.

Priscianus Erom Priscus, or Praesciae, because he was well skilled in the liberall Arts. Floruit anno aerae Christi 526. Calvis. Chronol. 527. Helv., a famous Grammarian.

Priscus & nomine & fide Grammaticus. Voss. l. 1. De Analog. c. 19.

We call incongruous Latine, the breaking of Priscians head, as if to speak and write well by a speciall right belonged to him.

Proclus. Casanbone saith he had the best memory of any that he ever saw or read of. Is cùm esset Olympiodori auditor, ho­minis facundi & cujus dicen­tis oratio non fluebat, sed torrentis instar ferebatur, ut pauci dicta ejus afsequerentur, solitus à recitatione omnia quae dixisset Olympiodorus totidem atque iisdem verbis reddere. Casaub. in Spart. not. Licet logica seviter instructus, attamen eximius Mathematicus fuit. Certè libris & monimentis ejus recensendis libro fuerit opus, ita multiplices unius ingenii [...]oe [...]s memorantur, Geometricarum verò in Euclidem expositionum libri quatuor diligentiam magnam testantur. Atque utinam, ut in primum Euclidis librum industrius esse voluit fic in reliquos parem industriam continuasset: sed videtur aliis viam laboris indicare voluisse, laboris ipsius parte co [...]entus fuisse. Tantus igitur Mathematicus Proclus fuisse. Rami Scholae Mathematicae. Sunt quidem Procli libri tres Graecè scripti; quos ille in primum Euclidis librum edidit; valde, ut audio, probati. Bembi Epist. Fam. l. 6.

He was a great Mathematician, and famous Platonick Philosopher.

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Procopius Gazeus, Anno Dom. 530. a most grave Historian of the Romans, 527. Helv. Chron. who lived in the times of the Gothes and Vandals, and was well skilled in the Origi­nall and Manners of both Nations.

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

[Page 300] Propertius. Propertius faci­lis, candious, verè elegiacus, tersior tamen quam existi­matus est à criticis, nam & amat quae­dam quae mi­nimè sunt vulgaria. Scalig. Hypercrit. c. 1. Malè audiunt amorum treviri, Catullus, Tibullus, Propertius, quòd pudoris nullam habuerint ra [...]ionem, & tot infamibus chartis sese posteriati traduxerint. Dilber. Disput. Academ. Tomo 1 0 p. 252. Tanta versuum Propertii jucunditas & amaenitas est, ut eos dictantibus Gratiis à poeta exceptos censeas. Tantùm optarem ad aliam potiùs quam amatoriam materiam beatam illam & candidam ingenii venam contulisset: ut ju­vent [...]ti tutius legi posser. Tu [...]neb. Advers. l. 11. c. 15.

He was excellent and singular (saith Pliny) in Elegies.

Propertium qui non amat, eum profecto Musae non amant. Lipsius l. 2. antiq. lect. cap. 10.

Vmbria parva tibi tantum debere fatetur,
Quantum Callimacho Graecia magna suo.
Steph. Pasch. Icones.

Lepidissimus & nitidissimus Poeta Propertius. Turneb. Advers. l. 8. c. 2.

Prosper of Aquitane, Aquitanus sive Aquitanicus vocatur à pa­tria, non ab Episcopatus loco. Voss. Hist. Pelag. l. 1. c. 18. Librum scripsit de ingratis quo nomine semper Pelagianos ille de­signat, ex haeresiarchae Pelagii cineribus exortos. Episc. Vsser. De Britan. Eccles. Primord. c. 8. Hilarii aequalis. Multa praeclara scripsit pro gratia Christi contra Pelagianos, seque S. Augustini discipulum & defensorem acerri­mum demonstravit. Bellarm. De Script. Eccles. from his Country, not the place of his Bishoprick, as Baronius.

He wrote about the year of our Lord 450.

Proverbs. They shew the genius and wit of a Nation.

Argutae hae brevesque lo­quendi formu­lae quamvis è trivio petitae, & plebi frequentatae, suas habent veneres, & genium cujusque gentis penes quam celebrantur, atque acumen osten­dant. Salmasius Levino Warnero.There are the Proverbs of the Grecians collected ex Zenobio Diogeniano & Suidae collectaneis, by Andreas Schottus.

Erasmus his Latine Adagies are full of Learning.

Amongst the Europaeans, the Spaniards, Italians, French, English, Dutch, ex­cell in them. Gruter hath put out Proverbia Italica, Gallica, Belgica, Germanica, Britannica.

Vide Scalig. Epist. l. 1. Epist. 65.For the Eastern people Erpenius hath put out two Centuries of Arabick Pro­verbs, with his own and Scaligers interpretation: and Levinus Warnerus a Century of Persian Proverbs with Notes.

Andreas Schottus hath put out, Adagialia sacra N. Testamenti Gr. Lat. selecta atque exposita. Joach. Zehnerus hath published also Adagia Sacra.

The Hebrews have two speciall wise Sentences, as De Dieu in the entrance to Xaverius his Persian History of Christ, observes,

Nullum foramen acus augustum est duobus amicis: Nec satis latus est universus mundus duobus inimicis. No hole of a needle is narrow to two friends, nor is the whole world broad enough to two enemies.

Quemnam hominum diliges maximè? Responsio, Eum cujus multa sunt beneficia erga me, quod si talis non detur; contra quem sunt multa delicta mea. Whom wilt thou love best? The answer, Him who hath bestowed many benefits on me, but if there be none such, him whom I have much offended.

Poeta Chri­stianus, floru­it sub Theo­dosio seniore & filiis ejus scripsit egre­gia carmina. Bellarm. De script. Eccles. Fuit homo multae quidem eruditionis ac variae, verum in eloquentia ac linguae castitate vel parum valuit, vel potius neglexit, desiderio viz. pietatis ac fidei: quod ipse innuit cum alibi, tum in hymno octo decim martyrum. Lil. Gyrald. De Poet. Histor. Dial. 5. Historiam Christianam inpuit iis quae, inter alia, de variorum Martyrum pasionibus scripsit, carmine quidem; sed ex quo tamen petere rei gestae veritatem soleant, qui hanc materiem prosa prosequuntur. Voss. De Histor. Lat. l. 2. c. 10. Aurelius Prudentius, Anno Dom. 380.393. Helvic.

A learned Spaniard, one cals him the Christian Pindar.

He hath left many Poems witnesses of his piety and zeal to Christian Religion, among which are those which he hath written against Symmachus.

[Page 301] Claudius Ptolomaeus. Ptolomaeus om­nium primus hanc discipli­nam ad certi­orem ratio­nem redegit, commentus dimensionem latitudinis, universi orbis à polo ad po­lum, longitu­dinis ab exor­tu ad occasum, adhibitâ col­latione terrae habitabilis ad caelum, ut jam non facilè quis toto (quemadmodum aiunt) caelo possit aberrare. Eras. Epist. l. 28 Epist. 19. Hipparchus primus omnium ex collatione suarum, & Timochatis observationum depre­hendit stellas fixas locum mutare: hoc tamen vix receptum sero tandem Ptolomaeus in usum revocavit, & solidis rationibus illustravit. Jos. Scal. Epist. 2. inter Opusc. Post.

A learned Aegyptian, of a deep and long reach in the knowledge of Astronomy, and other Mathematicall sciences.

He flourished under Marcus Antoninus Emperour of Rome.

There are three esteemed miracles of nature amongst the Learned, Plato, Ari­stotle, Ptolomy, which the Ancients, especially the Platonicks adorn with three divers Elogies. Plato is styled [...], Aristotle [...], quasi supra sortem huma­nam, Ptolomy [...] admirandus, to be admired, to whom this is singular and plainly wonderfull, that he alone, or certainly alone after Aristotle, hath pub­lished books in four divers faculties, every one of which in its kinde may be esteem­ed the chief with posterity.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

Ptolomaeus Philadelphus. Ita dictus quod sororem Arsinoen dux­erit, celebris munificentia erga literas, extructa Bib­liotheca Alexandrina. Qua occasione etiam Biblia in Graecum sermonem conversa. Helv. Chron. Magna libe­ralitate Ptolomaeus Philadelphus studia literarum fovit, unde factum est, ut ex omni Graecia eruditi, Alexandriam confluxerint, inter quos enituere Aratus, Apollonius, Theocritus, Licophron, Nicander Philicus, Homerus junior, omnes Poetae, qui cum numero septem essent, Pleiades dicti sunt. Deinde Aristarchus Grammaticus, Conon & Hippar­chus Mathematici, quorum opera liberalia studia Alexandriae excitata sunt. Ante Christum natum 283. Calvis. Chronol. Alexandriâ conditâ, quia Aegyptus in Macedonum esset potestare, charrae per Graeciam vulgaris esse usus caepit: usque dum ex aemulatione inter Ptolomaeos & Pergamenos Reges (de bibliothecae nobilitare certabant) Rex Aegyptius vetuit chartam Aegypti efferri. Tum Pergamenus Rex ne ab studio priori remitteretur, curavit, ut membranarum longe major esset copia. Atque exinde passim in Graecia membranis caepit abundari. Quae Perga­menae dictae, quia optimae Pergamo adserrentur. Voss. De Arte Grammat. l. 1. c. 38. Vide Crocium in Ficin. De Relig. Christ. c. 26. & Camerar. Medit. Hist. Cent. 3. c. 3.

He was a great favourer of Learning, and is famous for his magnificent Library at Alexandria of seven hundred thousand Volumes; of which Antoine Du Verdier in his Preface to his Bibliotheque, B. Vsher in the first part of his Annals, and Naudaeus Aduis pour dresser une Bibliotheque c. 3. make honourable mention.

Eryc. Inter praeci­pua Galliae ornamenta, dum viveret, merito suo semper habitus. Casaub. Praefat. ad Histor. August. Christophorus Puteanus praestantissimo patre dignissiatus filius. Desid. Herald. Animadvers. Ad Arnab. l. 1. Puteanus.

Claudius Claudius Pu­teanus à puero sub optimis magistris Jo­anne Stracelio, Hadriano Tur­nebo, Joanne Aurato, & po­stea Dionysio Lambino litte­ris operam de­dit. Inde jus civile sub principe juris­peritorum Jacobo Cujacio didicit, & variis in peregrinationibus doctissimorum toto orbe virorum familiaritate usus, Vrsini, Victorii, Manutii, Sigonii, ipsorum testimonio meruit, ut primas inter litteratos teneret, honorificè ubique in eorum scriptis appellatus. Nam in his scripsit, judicioque peracri, quo in censendis aliorum scriptis plurimùm va­lebat, potius alienae gloriae quam propriae servivit. Thuan. Hist. Tomo 5 to l. 109. Puteanus the son of Clement, a very learned man, though he wrote nothing. Juvenis per quàm eruditus. Lambine.

Claudius Puteanus Clementis filius juvenis bonarum artium ac litterarum, studio inprimis deditus, valdeque ingeniosus atque eruditus, & quae virtutes rarò in tali aetate reperiuntur, egregiè cordatus, continens, temperans ac modestus. Lamb. Com­ment. In Aemil. Prob. vit. p. 122.

Jos. Scalig. writes to two choice young men Christopher and Austen Putean, sonnes to Erycius, and begins his Epistle thus, Patrem vestrum, charissimi ado­lescentes, me non amisisse jam sentio, quem video in vobis vivere. Virtutes patrum tam rarum natis est exprimere, quam patribus virtutum suarum ac morum exempla suis relinquere posse.

Samuel Purchas, Labotiosissi­mus vir Samuel Purchasfius Anglus. Olai Wormii literatura Danica, c. 7. Samuel Purchas, Anglus, Linguarum & Artium divinarum atque humanarum egregie peritus, Philosophus, Historicus, & Theologus maximas, patriae Ecclesiae Antistes fi­delis: multis egregiis scriptis, & in primis Orientalis, occidentalisque Indiae historia vastis voluminibus patria lingua conscripta celeberrimus. Bibliotheca Jacob. Boissardi. a learned English Divine; our English Ptolomy.

[Page 302]There is Hackluitus posthumus, or Purchas his Pilgrimes, containing an history of the World in Sea-Voyages and Land-Travels by Englishmen and others, and his Pilgrimage inlarged with additions,

Gaudeat irriguus Ptolomaei nomine Nilus,
Ast Anglis primus sum Ptolomaeus ego.

Pythagoras the Philosopher. Pythagoras Ita­licae Philoso­phiae decus ob secretum de triangulari forma inven­tum immolavit hecatomben, & tantequam se daret studiis antelucanos hymnos Deo cecinit. Beverovicius de vitae Termino p. 164.

He was born in the Isle of Samos, and was one of the chiefest persons of Greece. His Life is written by Jamblichus.

He was the inventer, or at least a principall illustrator of the Mathematicks.

The Pythagoreans so honoured their Master, that they were wont to alleadge him still in these two words [...], as much to say, we ought to beleeve it since he (viz. Pythagoras) said it.

There are his Symboles and golden words, and golden verses Greek and Latine, and Poems Greek and Latine.

CHAP. VIII.

Q

JOhannes Quinquarboreus.

He was Professour of Hebrew and Chaldee to the French King in Paris.

There is his Chaldee Paraphrase with Scholia, upon Ruth, Lamentations, Hosea, Joel, Amos.

Anno Aerae Christianae 79. Helv. Chron. 88. Matth. Westm. Magnus ille Magister elo­quentiae Fa­bius Casaub. ad Pers Sat. 1. Comment. Quamvis in eo sit civilis ad agendas caussas facultatis commonstrata quaedam prudentia, quamvis ex­empla quaedam utiliter collecta, attamen elocutionis quae summa laus ejus esse possit, infinita est à Cicerone diffe­rentis. Nec enim in singulis verbis eadem est puritas, vel proprietas, vel elegantia. In conjunctis tanta est diffe­rentia, ut Cicero aureo quidem seculo, Quintilianus autem ferreo locutus esse videatur. Sed tamen ut temporibus illis diserti homines fuerunt, ita sane numer [...]tur in disertis, qualis tamen fortasse nec esse possim, si velim, imò verò ne v [...]lim quidem si possim. Rami praefat. Grammat. 5 a. Quanto melius Ludovicus Vives de tradendis discip. l. 5. Ciceroni Quintilianum adjunxit Laurentius Valla, tanquam comitem, aut verius socium, paremque, non omnino in­juriâ, cum vetborum munditie, tum translationum, & totius dictionis acumine Hispanus fuerit Quintilianus, cujus libri doctissimi duodecim de Oratoria institutione etiam supersunt reperti Pogio Florentino in Monasterio quodam in Synodo Constantiensi, quo tempore etiam repertos fuisse ferunt Silii Italici libros 18. de bellis Punicis. Neand. Geog. parte 1 a. Quintilianus.

Martial hath a whole Epigram of him, it begins thus,

Quintiliane vaga moderator summe juventae
Gloria Romanae, Quintiliane, Togae.
Mart. 2. Epig. 90.

Juvenall and Pliny the younger were his Scholers, as Politian shews in his Pre­face to Quintilian.

CHAP. IX.

R

RAbanus Maurus, that famous Archbishop of Mentz, 814. Helv. Chron. Vir omnium disciplinarum cognitione ab solutissimus, Rhetor, Poeta, Astronomus, Philosophus, & Theologus, cui nullum parem eo saeculo Germania habuit. Sixt. Senens. Biblioth. Sanct. l. 4. In omni eruditione tam secularium quam divinarum scripturarum longe doctissimus evasit. Philosophus clarus, poeta insignis, rhetor facundus, astronomus, & computista celeberrimus, Graecae, Latinae, & Hebraicae peritus, cui simi­lem suo tempore non habuit Ecclesia. Trithem. Catal. Illust. Vir. Anno Dom. 840. and Scholer sometime to Alcuinus in Paris an English man, he wrote a learned Commentary on all the Books of the Old and New Testament.

He was an excellent Philosopher, Oratour, Astronomer, Poet, Rheto­rician and Divine. Italy nor Germany scarce ever brought forth the like in Learning.

Franciscus Qui literis Graecis lati­nisque instru­ctissimus, & medicinae, quam profite­batur, peritis­simus, postremo omni studio serio omisso se totus vitae solutae, ac gulae mancipavit, & ridendi artem hominis sicut ipse aiebat, propriam amplexus, democritica libertate & scurrili interdum dicacitate scriptum ingeniosissimum fecit, quo vitae regnique cunctos ordines quasi in scenam sub fictis nominibus produxit & populo deridendos propinavit. Thuan. Comment. de vita sua. l. 6. Pessimè apud omnes bones semper audivit Franciscus Rabellefius, scriptor vel Calvini judicio planè Atheus. Voet. Biblioth. Rabelaesus.

A witty but Atheisticall French Writer, and Doctor of Physick.

Matthias Raderus, a learned and diligent Writer.

He hath Commented on Martial, and put out Viridarium Sanctorum, and other Works.

Jacobus Raeuardus, a great Lawyer.

Jacobum Raeuardum audeam cum I. Lipsio V. Cl. Belgii nostri Papinianum no­minare: ut qui cum priscis illis Iureconsultis ingenii doctrinae (que) praestantia comparan­dus esse videatur. Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgica.

Georgius Ragusius.

A man of exquisite Learning, and a curious sifter of the truth in doubtfull points, and a man of that integrity, that having got great credit in the world for his skill (among other things) in Judiciall Astrology, being convinced in his conscience, as himself relateth, that it was but meer couzenage and imposture, Non Angliae tantum, sed se­culi sui decus. Amesii Praefat. ad Schol. Di­scept. De Cir­culo Pontif. Obiit Anno Dom. 1607. Raynoldus in eruditissimo opere praelecti­onum ad li­bros apocry­phos, quod citationibus omnis generis autorum tessellatum est. Voet. praefat. ad Theses. Johannes Reinoldus Academiam in suo pectore gestasse ferebatur. Sane scripta ejus omnigenam eruditionem, an [...]iquitatis summam notitiam, imprimis colloquium cum Haerto Jesuita arguunt. Laeti Compend. Hist. univers. Vide Jos. Scalig. Epist. l. 4. Epist. 446. he made no scruple to make open recantation, and wrote against it very learnedly. D r Casaub. on Enthus. c. 2.

He hath written Peripateticall Disputations, and two books of Mathematicall Epistles or of Divination.

John Rainolds, a learned and pious Doctor of Oxford. Famous beyond sea as well as here. He alone was a well furnisht Library, full of all faculties, of all studies, of all learning: the memory, the reading of that man was near to a miracle. D r Hals Dec. of Epist. Epist 7.

Some much commend his Lectures upon the Apocrypha.

Others his Conference with Hart.

Sir Walter Raleigh. Gualterus Rau­laeus, nostras, eques auratus, vir clari nominis, universalem historiam ab initio mundi usque Macedonici Imperii sive tertiae Monarchiae occa­sum ex probatissimis auctoribus, coagmentavit, nostrae quidem gentis idiomate vernaculo, sed accurato admodum judicio, methodo perspicua, Stylo elegante ac virili. Whear. De Methodo legendi Hist. part. 1. Sect. 6.

His History of the world is well esteemed.

[Page 304] Rodolphus Ful­densis. Ralphe a Monk of Fulda.

All the hard questions were sent to him from divers parts of the world.

He was born Anno Domini 1515. Regius in cele­berrima Pari­siorum acade­mia Professor, plurimum ela­boravit, ut ar­tes ad rectam methodum & usum expedi­tum revocaret, ideóque multa ab eo conscripta, publicataque sunt de singulis Philosophiae partibus. Gesn. Biblioth. Ut virtus egregia nunquam caret invidia, aemulos & suae diligentiae calumniatores acertimos expertus est. Petrum Galandium, Antonium Go­veanum, Joachimum Perionium & Jacobum Carpentarium. Sed ante omnes infestissimos sensit Sorbonae Doctores, qui communi omnium sententiâ in Ramum insurgentes, illum haereseos in Philosophia accusarunt, quod in Aristote­lem Philosophorum Principem ausus fuisset scribere. Effecerunt sua autoritate ut Ramo sit interdictum in posterum docere vel scribere in ullam Philosophiae partem. Boissardi Icones. Ex eo commendatione dignissimus, quod ingenio, diligentia, assiduitate, & opibus etiam suis, quantum in ipso fuit, rem literariam juvit ac promovit; instituta mathe­matices professione, cui annuum vectigal 500 librarum è facultatibus suis attribuit. Lanfii orat. contra Galliam. Etsi in nonnullis quae ad nostras literas pertinent valde à te dissentio, amo tamen eruditionem tuam, amo facundiam, & multas egregias virtutes, quibus tuum hoc ingenium Dominus exornavit, nec optatim quicquam potius quam & tibi gratificari & huic Scholae simul prodesse. Beza Epist. 36. Pet Ramo. Petrus Ramus, the Kings Professour in Eloquence and Philosophy at Paris in the 36 year of his age.

Genebrad (after his way) harshly censures him.

Petrus Ramus turbulentiae, & sui in Linguas, artes, Theologiam denique ipsam furoris supplicium dedit. Geneb. Chron. l. 4.

Pasquier l. 9. De Recherches de la France, c. 19. and elsewhere writes more respectively of him, c. 20. of that book he shews his dislike of Carpenters revenge­full act in causing Ramus to be slain in the Massacre at Paris on S t Bartholo­mews day.

Idolae gymnasiii Praelei amoveri & recondi jussit ne conspicerentur. Rami vita A Theophilo Bannosio descripta.

Jacobus Pascharius hath these Verses of him,

Fertilier quaevis cum sit sacer arbore Ramus;
Arboris hic dignus nomine Ramus erat.

In the 21 year of his age he published a Logick with Animadversions upon Aristotle.

He was murthered at the great Massacre in Paris, and his body reproachfully dragged up and down the streets, and many of his Works not yet finished there perished.

Ranulphus Ranulphus noster ea dili­gentia, eruditione, fide Author est, ut a multis praeclaris viris, etiam Polydoro Virgilio vestro, egregius Historicus habeatur, nec Sigoniis aut Sabellicis vestris cedit. Episc. And. Tort. Tort..

Francis Raphelengius Christophori Plantini gener, qui in Typo­graphicam cum egregiam sub socero operam diu navasset, relictâ Antuerpiâ, Lugdunum Batavorum concessit, & linguarum Ori­entalium vel teste Scaligero valdè peritus. etiam Arabicam publicè magnà cum laude professus est, de qua Lexicon postumum ab eò dum viveret, fummâ curâ & labore compositum prodiit. Thuan. Hist. tomo 5 to l. 119. Lutetiae Parisiorum Graecam atque Hebraicam linguam didicit, atque illam Cantabrigiae in Anglia juvenis docuit, An­tuerpiae 1565. ducta Margareta Christophori Plantini filia in partem Typographiae venit. Vir fuit in Hebraeis, Chaldaeis, Arabicis juxtà, ac Graecis Latinisque exercitatus, maturo judico, sagaci ingenio, forma ipsa faciei aliquid etiam [...] prae se ferens. Sanderus De Script. Fland. l. 1., a learned Linguist, Professor of the Arabick at Leyden.

He with others is much commended by Arias Montanus, Praefat. In Sac. Bib. Quadriling. Reg. edit.

Cunctorum ante scripto­rum commentarios ingenti volumine coegit, quod medici continentem vocant, quod cuncta contineant. Volat. Comment. urb. l. 21. Vulgò advocatur Almansoris nomini quod liber ejus jussu Regis Mansoris editus sit. Hic enim Rex inter Arabes primus Gymnasia & Bibliothecas aperuisse memoratur; quod etiam causae fuit, cur ejus aevo tot illustrium ingeniorum monumenta in lucem prodierunt. Castelianus de vitis Medicorum. Rasis or Rhasis, an Arabian, a great Physitian.

William Rastall, a reverend Judge of the Court of Common-pleas, and of great industry.

He put out a Collection of the Statutes now in force in the reign of Queen Mary.

[Page 305]He was the Author also of the book called the Terms of the Law. He put out Sir Thomas Mores Works also in one Volume, who was his Uncle.

Franciscus Ranchinus. Qui ad periti­am Physices, medicesque eximiam, pulchré adjungebat notitiam, cultumque rerum antiquarum. Gassend. De vita Peireskii l 1.

Joannes Ravennas. Volatrerani Comment. urb. l. 21.

Venetiis praecepit, primus omnium qui ea tempestate post longa tempora ludum in Italia aperiret: unde tanquam ex equo Trojano viri praestantes plurimi prodierunt qui postea scholis ac literis omnia referserunt.

Pet. Ravennas. Petrus Ferret­tus Ravennas Milensis Episcopus, & Graecarum litterarum, & juris civilis Pontificiique doctissimus qui Vicarium Archiepiscopi Ravennatis diu egit. Leand. Alb. Descript. Ital. in Romanula.

Hermannus Ravenspergerus, a learned Professor of Divinity at Groning.

There is his judicium de Grotii libro de satisfactione Christi.

Florilegium Theologicum.

Joannes Mullerus Regiomontanus, Joannes Mulle­rus à cogno­mine in Fran­conia oppido Regiomontanus dictus secun­dum Ptolomae­um omnium qui nobilissi­mas has artes tractarunt doctissimus. Romae deces­sit cum vix quadragesi­mum aetatis annum egres­sus esset. A Beffarione Cardinali, qui sub id tempus legatus ad Fridericum Caesarem fuerat, invitatus cum eo in Italiam, pri­mum contendit, & bibliothecis Romae, & aliis locis perlustratis magnam scriptorum Graecorum copiam compara­vit. Joannem Blanchinum etiam Ferrariae audivit, & postea Venetiis opus de triangulis conscripsit, inde Viennam cum rediisset, à Matthia Pannoniae rege evocatus egregiam ipsi non solum in his artibus, sed etiam fidam in vale­tudine ejus conservanda operam navavit; nam cum gravi morbo rex premeretur, medicis incognito, quippe qui nullam ejus in humoribus depravatis caussam deprehenderent, tantum mirificum cordis languorum in aegroto, ex qua caussa incertum, animadverreret, Regiomontanus propter eclipsis, quae vitae Regis perniciem interminabatur, hanc vitalis facultatis imbecillitatem contingere affirmavit, frustraque in humoribus morbi caussam quaeri, tantum cordis vires rebus suavibus fovendas, nec multo post Rex haud aliis remediis curatus, convaluit, & Johannem honorario CC. ducatorum annuo muneravit. Thuan. hist. Tomo 4 to l. 90. Vide plura ibid. Vide etiam Tomum tertium l 76. & Tych. Brah. Praes. ad Epist. Astron. one of the famousest Mathematicians of Ger­many, Anno Dom. 1436.

Mathematicorum Germanorum unus Regiomontanus longissimè excelluit. Moni­menta ingenii orbi terrarum nota sunt. Vienna professore Regiomontano gloriosae est. Rami Schol. Mathem. l 2.

He found out the tenth sphere the chiefest of all the heavenly Globe, and in its diurnall motion carrying about with it the other spheres, in this he excelled Tha­les, Eudoxus, Ptolomy, and Alphraganus, as Jovius witnesseth; with his great Learning and other virtues he joyned piety towards God. Whence he wrote out the whole New Testament in Greek handsomly with his own hand, and by reading made it familiar to himself. Pantal. de Vir. Illust. German. parte 2 da.

Ipse certe characteres ut citissime, ita elegantissime ad pingebat: ac super fuit diu novum Testamentum, quod ab usque initio descriptum nitidissimè, solitus erat circum­gestare. Gassend. in ejus vita.

Jacobus Olim Jesui­ta, postea veri­taris confessor & professor in laqueis Pontificiorum contritis. Idem in Apologia pro laqueis contritis, quam Ara­neorum operas indigetat, & Anno 623. in lucem emisit. Gerb. Confess. Cathol. l. 1. General. Part. 2. c 4. Reihingius.

Erasmus Reinholdus, a Doctor of Physick, a famous Astronomer. Fuit quidem Erasmus Rein­holdus Astronomus eximius & de arte hac, siquis alius nostro aevo, egregiè meritus. Tych. Brah. l. 1. de nova Stella c. 9. D. Nicolaus Wincklerus Mathematicas scientias olim se à Praeceptore suo, excellente illo Artifice Reinheldo Vitebergae didicisse gloriatur. Utinam verò tam benè, vel in minimis sui Praeceptoris industriam & diligentiam imitatus fuisset, atque egregium nactus erat. Tych. Brah. De Cometa Anni 1577. l. 2. c. 10.

Remigius Vir in divi­nis Scripturis studiosissimus & valde eruditus, at (que) in secularibus literis nobiliter doctus, genio subtilis, elequio disertus, vita & conversatione devotus, tantae scientiae & eruditionis fuit, ut ex omni Germania & Gallia discipulos Clarissimos suo magisterio instituendos subdiderit. Trithem. Catal. Illust. Vir. Monachus Antissiodorensis, Episcopus tandem ejus­dem ecclesiae factus esse fertur, elaruit circa annum 880. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 10..

[Page 306]He was Bishop of Rhemes, a man of most holy conversation, and excellently learned, as by the Commentaries which he wrote upon the Old and New Testa­ment it evidently appeareth.

Georgius Remus, a man of great Learning.

He hath put out

Spicileg. in Salom. Prov.

In Ecclesiasten Sal.

Karoli 5. Leges Capitales cum Paraphrasi & Scholiis ejusdem.

Poemata.

Postquam fundamenta linguae S. à Judaeo quodam Abdiâ (cui pro singulis horis singulos aureos pende­bat) Romae in legatione didi­cisset, primus Ebraeas literas in Academiis Germanicis docuit, editis etiam Grammatica & Dictionario. Amamae Paraen. de excitandis SS. Linguarum Stu­diis. A Joanne Lapidano Theologo Parisiensi rudimenta linguae Hebraicae Ruclinus Capnion didicit. Reliqua à Ju­daeo Abdia ben Jacobo Spuono, dum legatione fungeretur, apud sequentem Pontificem Alexandrum. Vir mag­nus, nisi linguae Hebraicae mysteria Cabalicis nugamentis maculaster. Geneb. Chronol. l. 4. Johannes Capnion aliàs Reuclin omnis antiquissimae philosophiae & litera [...]urae indagator solertissimus, trium principalium linguarum Hebraicae simul & Chaldaicae, Graecae pariter & Latinae interpres peritissimus, Gallieanae etiam atque politioris nostrae vernaculae inprimis clarus, & tam in divinis scrip [...]uris quam in saecularibus literis omnifariam doctissimus, quippe qui Graecorum Hebraeorumque secreta mysteria multis jam annis enixissime penetravit. Trithem. Catal Illust. Vir. John Reuchlin, or Capnio, which name (from the Germane being made Greek) Hermolaus Barbarus gave him, when he was sent by Maximilian the Emperour to Rome. His chief praise is, that he stirred up the study of the Hebrew tongue in Germany. He first of all wrote an Hebrew Grammer with great perspicuity in Latine. He invited many to learn and study the Hebrew tongue, and they received the seeds of that doctrine from him.

He was skilfull in the Law, a great Linguist, and generall Scholer.

He was born in Stutgard in the Dukedom of Wirtemberg.

Extat ejus liber de verbo mirifico, & de Cabalae scientiae placitis, eloquentia illustri ad Leonem decimum perscriptus. Paulus Jovius Elog. Vir. Doct.

Jovius saith he was the Authour of that witty book styled, Obscurorum virorum Epistolae, admirabili facetiarum lepore conditae, quibus ad excitandum risum, cucullato­rum Theologorum ineptissime, atque ideo ridiculè Latina lingua scribentium stylus exprimitur.

He was almost equally skilfull in those three Languages, Hebrew, Greek and Latine. Germany therefore in regard of his skill in Languages and in all kinde of Learning, deservedly honoured and respected him as a Phoenix, and their only ornament. Eras Epist. l. 2. Epist. 1. Vide etiam ib. Epist. 4.

He bred many excellent Scholers. Hic ille est ex cujus auditorio nominatim prae­ter innumeros alios minus celebres, Oecolampadius, Pelicanus, Munsterus prodierunt. Bez. Icon. Vir. Illust.

Nicolaus Lucubrati­onibus prope­modum infi­nitis, in omni scientiarum genere editis clarissimus. Boissardi Bibliotheca. Reusnerus, Professor Jenensis.

His Works are mentioned by Melchior Adam in his Life.

Anno Dom. 1485. Beatus nomi­ne, beatissimus re. Eras. Epist. l. 7. Epist. 1. Vide ejus l. 2. Epist. Epist. 31. Rhenano Multum illi sedulo & pererudito antiquitatis Observatori, omnes bonarum literarum studiosi debent, ut qui, etsi non omnia sit assequutus, plurima tamen acutè ac diligenter animadverterit, & aditum ad alia cognoscenda multis ante tenebris obsitum, aperuerit: quod & illi de Germanicis rebus libri, & isti tum Tertulliani, tum etiam Taciti, Plinii, Livii, Senecae, Paterculi recogniti abunde demonstranti. Beza Icon. Vir. Illust. Beatus vel Bildius Rhenanus, a man of great Learning and singular judgement, famous for his innocency, humanity and chastity.

John Sturmius hath written his Life largely and elegantly.

He first put forth Tertullian, Pliny, and many Historians, as Livy, Paterculus and Tacitus, and corrected them and illustrated them with Notes.

Stephanuus Paschasius in his Icones hath these verses of him,

Qui docuit quicquid Rheni concluditur orbe,
An non Rhenanum dicere jure potes?

[Page 307] Johannes Rhodius, a most learned man.

There is his

Trina Theologica, Philosophica, & Jocosa.

Laurentius Poeta in u­traque lingua Graeca atque Latina praestantissimus. Graecam linguam eruditam ac elegantem adeo tenet exactè, ut hac nostra aetate sint viri excellentes, neque in judicando faciles aut [...]emera [...]ii, qui existiment non habere parem. Neand. Geog. parte 1 a. Rhodomanus.

Ludovicus Coelius Richerius Rhodiginus, Anno 1450. Vir infinitae lectionis, quem apparet nihil quod usquam librorum est latuisse. De cujus integri­tate, & in judicando gra­vitate eo mi­nus ambigen­dum, quod passim in suo opere pium praese fert ani­mum, reve­renter de Christo loquens, quae ei cum paucis doctis Italis, hoc praesertim aevo, communis est virtus. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 10. Coelii Rhodigini lectionum antiquarum libri 30. qui ob omnifariam abstrusarum & recondita­rum tam rerum quam vocum in utraque lingua ex innumeris scriptoribus desumptam explicationem (quas vix unius hominis aetas libris perpetuò insudans observaret) merito cornucopiae seu Thesaurus utriusque linguae appella­buntur; quod in quocunque studiorum genere, non minor ipsorum quam ingentis bibliothecae, aut complurimum Commentariorum possit esse usus. Ges [...]. Biblioth. l. 10. Rarum erat eo tempore Philologiae studium, ac soli pene Caelio familiare: unde cùm apud Aldum Erasmus Roterodamus in eum de facie sibi ignotum incidisset, habitis ultro citroque Sermonibus, ille dicendi ubertate atque elegantiâ non usque obviâ Calium Rhodiginum sibi adesse summa hi­laritate agnovit. Tomasini Elogia.

He lived in the time of Maximilian the Emperour. He was invited to Millaine, by Lewis the 12 th King of France, who gave him a great and royall stipend: he taught Greek and Latine there with great praise. Afterward he did excellently discharge the same office at Padua. But he especially got himself immortall fame by his 30 Books of ancient readings, in which work the abstruse words of both languages are interpreted, obscure places in many excellent writers are explained, corruptions purged, and ancient rites manifested, many secrets drawn out of Phi­losophy.

When a certain Germane found his sepulchre without an Epitaph, as it were in indignation, and reproaching his Citizens, he wrote on the bricks ‘Hic jacet tantus vir.’

CHAP. X.

PEt. Ribadeneyra.

He put out a Catalogue of the Writings of the Jesuites, and other Works.

Fr. Franciscus Ribera natione Hispanus, vir fuit egregiè doctus ac pius. Erat ingenio excellenti, judicio acri, tenaci memoria, Sanctorum Patrum lectione atque observa­tione instructus, singulari modestia, animi candore, caeterisque religiosis virtutibus cumulatus. Biblioth. Scriptorum Societ Jes. A Philippo Alegambe edita. Ribera, a learned Jesuite.

His Commentaries on the twelve smaller Prophets, on the Hebrews and Revela­tion are well esteemed.

Antonius Riccobonus.

Publick Professor of Oratory at Padua.

He hath published two Volumes of Orations.

De usu Artis Rhetoricae.

Comm. in universam doctrinam Oratoriam Ciceronis, and other Works.

Christopherus Riccius. De tota re pa­truelium & amitinorum conjugali, dis­sertationem tum Juridicam tum historicam doctrina & judicio refertam pridem edidit Christophorus Riccius Dantiscanus. Selde­nus De Jure Naturali & Gentium l. 5. c. 11.

His book which he hath published, is styled

Vindiciarum Juris praemissa, adversus novatorum affanias & corruptelas.

[Page 308] Paulus Riccius, a most learned Jew, born in Germany, and converted to the Christian faith. Nostri [...] est. Pe­ [...]l Re [...]utar. Ca [...]ch Jesuit. P [...]fectus in Ie [...]ium doctis ibi vi [...]is per­pl [...]cuit: a [...]que [...]apiae Phi [...]osop [...]iam pub I [...]tè non sine [...]minis [...]amâ docuit. I [...]aque Maximiliano I. Augusto commendatus, ab eodem in medicorum suorum numerum fuit a [...]ectus cui fidem & indust [...]iam suam constanter probavit. Melchior Adam in ejus vita.

He published divers Works, in which he both discovered the devises of the re­fractary Jews, and promoted Learning. A book De sexcentis & tredicim Mosaicae sanction [...]seu P [...]ntateuchi dictis. Philosophia, prophetia, ac Thalmudistica pro veritate Christiana tuenda, cum juniori Hebraeorum synagoga, disputatio mirabili ingenii acu­m [...], in tres divisa tractatus.

Farrago ex Thalmudis codice Isagoge in Caballistarum doctrinam, which Eras­mus commends in his Epistles.

And other Works he also published, which are mentioned by Melchior Adam.

Nicholas Ridley, Bishop of London, the most learned Martyr in Queen Maries daies.

He wrote a Book in prison of the Lords Supper, which is turned into Latine with an [...]pistle prefixed, wherein he and that Tract are commended.

Ecclesiae Re­mensis Cleri­cus, qui circa annum mille­simum ducen­tesimum vixit. Etsi Trithemius scribat eum in Aurora sua, (quo poemate historiam veteris ac Novi Testamenti carmine est complexus) observasse diligenter legem metri: tamen toties peccat, ut nisi barbariem seculi, quo vixit, & eorum quae proximè illud exceperunt, cogitaremus, meritò mirari possimus, tanto tamdiu eum in honore stetisse, ut ante duo secula, atque etiam intra illud tempus, de modulo syllabarum ex ejus versibus judicium ferri soleat. Nunc adeò exigua ejus ratio habetur, ut nomen ipsum penè fugiat vel multijugae lectionis homines. Voss. De Atte Grammat. l. 2. c. 39. Pe [...]rus Riga.

There is his

Aurora.

Nicolaus Rigaltius Ri [...]altio pro Tertulliano plu [...]imum de­b [...]o Editio est elegans, notae breves, sed exacti ju­dicii, praefati­ones nitidae & cultae. Grotius Epist. Petro Puteano. Eruditione perrara conspicuus. Gassend. De vita Peiresk. l. 4

There are his

Observationes & notae in Auctores finium regundorum.

In Glossas Agrimensorias Glossarium.

Funus Parasiticum.

Vita S. Romani.

Notae in Martialem.

Joh. Riolanus, both the Father and the Sonne.

There is the Fathers Anthropographia.

The Sonnes Anotomica.

Joachimus Fortius Ringelbergius. He was born at Antwerp.

Nullum perfecit librum, nisi dum a typographo excuderetur.

The manner which he observed in writing books, Melchior Adam mentions in his life; and himself in his Book De Ratione Studii p. 85. seems to intimate.

His Works were published in one Volume at Leyden, and the particular Treatises are mentioned by Melchior Ad. vit. Germ. Philos.

Fridericus Cum Petrus Ramus supre­mis tabulis annum lega­tum stipen [...]io Mathematici professoris destinasset, eo ut primus frueretur, elegit, creavit & nominavit Risuerum, ea tamen conditione, ut inch [...]a [...]a communibus vigiliis opera, optica praesertim & Astrologica perficeret. Praefat. Ad Risueri Optica. Risuerus.

He was Ramus his helper in the Mathematicks, he hath written four books of the Opticks.

Conradus Verè fuit vir hic insig­nis, Orato [...]. Ritterhusius.

He was born at the City Brunswick in Saxony, Anno Christi 1560. when Me­lancthon died.

[Page 309]He was acquainted with the learned and famous men of his age. Poeta, Philo­logus, & Phi­losophus exi­mius, Graecae & Latinae linguae callen­ti [...]simus, Pietas autem virtu­tum princeps in eo fuit excellens & praeclara. In Patrum lectione singulari cum studio est vers [...]us. Me [...]ch. Ad. in ejus vita. Vide plura ibid. Fui [...] Ritterbufius humanae vitae speculum, non ad in [...]uendum modo, ve [...]um eti [...]m ad imitan­dum. Melch. Adam. Joseph Scaliger, Justus Lipsius, Casaubone, Thuanus, Lectius, Ortelius, Canterus, Bongarsius, both the Douzas, Heinsius, Freherus, Gruterus Stenius, the Camerarii, Remus, Caselius, Velserus, Dionysius Gothofredus, Melissus, Posthius, Stuckius, Mon [...]vius, Beza, Mornie, and many other great Schollers.

His Works are mentioned by Me [...]chior Adam in his Life.

Sir Thomas Rives the Kings Advocate.

These are his Works,

The poor Vicars Plea.

Regiminis Anglicani in Hibernia Defensio.

Aaversus Analecten.

Historia Navalis in two parts.

Defensio Justiniani contra Nicolaum Alemannum.

Andrew Rivet, a learned and godly French-Divine.

He hath very well expounded Genesis, Exodus, Andreas Ri­vetus vir cla­rissimus & nunquam sa­tis laudatus, Gallicae, Bel­gicaeque Ec­clesiae mican­tissimum lumen. Garissol. De Imputat primi peccati, cap. 17. Vide Guliel. Riveti Epist. Apol. ad Ib. Rossel. pag. 144, 145. the Prophetical Psalms and Ho­sea, and wrote learnedly against the Papists in his Catholicus Orthodoxus, and against Grotius. Criticus sacer seu censura Patrum, Isagoge in S. Scripturam, Sy­nopsis doctrinae de natura & gratia.

Other learned Treatises hath he published in Latine and French.

William Rivet his brother is also a learned man.

He hath published a Book De Justificatione, a most exact French Treatise (as some say) De Invocatione & Adoratione Sanctorum defunctorum.

Epistolae Apologet.

Mart. de Roa.

There are his

Singular. loc. ac rerum, l. 5.

Singul. l. 6.

Observat. in Proverb.

De die natali, sacro & profano.

Franciscus Robortellus.

There was a great difference between him and Carolus Sigonius. Non ignota est hominis pompatici ma­ledicentia; qui & Erasmum imperitiae imperitissimae insimulare, ac nequissimum appellare non dubitet: Alciatum nominet furem, expilatoremque suorum scriptorum. Paulum Manutium, Bibliopolam, hominemque imperitum: M. Antonium Muretum, ludi magistrum: H. Stephanum impostorem; similibusque Elogiis alios quosque praestantissi­mos viros, & scripto, & sermone insignire consueverit: quo nomine reprehensus est jure summo à doctissimo quoque: eosque inter Fruterio in verisimilibus, & Sigonio imprimis l. 2. Patavinarum Disputationum adversus Robortelium. Voss. De Analog. l. 1. c. 7. Qui magno cum strepitu Bononiae & Batavii professus, & variis scriptis majorem de se opinionem excitavit quam implevit. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 39.

There are his

Ephimerides Patavinae.

Adversus Carolum Sigonium.

Ang Episcopus Tagastensis Apostolici Sa­crarii Praefe­ctus, vulgatis lucubrationibus, suaque ipsius Angelica Bibliotheca apud Augustinianos sodales magnis sumptibus ex­citata publico programmate memorandus. Jo. Baptistae Lauri Perusini Dialogus De viris sui Aevi doctrina illu­stribus Romae. Vide Jani Nicii Erythraei Pinacothecam. Bibliothecam tuam Angelicam ego multis nominibus su­spicio, tum quia Libris referta est optimis ad miraculum usque; tum quia Tabulis abundat Cosmographicis, Geo­graphicisque summo artificio elaboratis. Pignor. Symb. Epist. XI. Ang. Roc. Roccha.

There is his

Bibliotheca Vaticana.

[Page 310] Bibliothecae Theol. & Scripturalis Epitome, unà cum Scriptoribus qui in Biblia scri­pserunt.

And other Works.

Robert Roollock a learned Scotch Divine.

He hath commented on

Daniel, some Psalms, the Gospel of John, the Epistle to the Romans and Ga­latians, the Epistle to the Ephesians, Colossians, Thessalonians, and Philemon.

He hath written De vocat. & modo revel. foed.

Adrianus Romanus.

There is his

Methodus Polygoniorum.

Gulielmus Rondeletius an excellent Physician.

Doctissimus vir & naturae piscium cal­lentissimus. Casaub. in Athen. Ejus scripta ejusmodi sunt, ut tantae de se opinioni sive excitatae sive sparsae non respondeant. Unum est quod hominis nomen maxime posteritati commendavit, quod de piscibus edidit; sed eo minore laude, quòd illud potiùs alienae industriae quam suae debuit, nimirum ex Gulielmi Pellicerii Episcopi Montispessulani, viri ra [...]â eruditione ornati, Commentariis Concinnatum. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 37.His Life is copiously written by Laurentius Joubertus in the second part of his Works, and his Works are mentioned by him.

There are these Works of his

De piscibus marinis.

De ponderibus.

Methodus Curandi morbos.

De dignosc. morbis, cum aliis opusc.

De morbo Gallico.

Emendatiores Tabulae.

De dosibus.

Peter Ronsard Prince of the French Poets. Some call him the French Homer and Pindar. Imitatus est homerum, ac Pindarum, Poe­tasque Lyricos tam aptè, ut sua non aliena dicere videa­tur. Petrar. cham quoque Italicae gentis decus, evoluit, quem sequutus, mirabiles plerumque excitat amores sui, ut opera in­dicant, admiranda quidem omnia, sed Hymni praecipuè quos juvenis scripsit Henrico secundo Francorum Reg [...], eique admodum Charus fuit, legebat enim versus ejus, quibus dici non potest, quantum delectaretur. Julius Sca­liger inclyti nominis Philosophus, ac Poeta illis temporibus vivebat. Hic admiratus Ronsardi ingenium, Anacre­ontica ad eum scripsit, ac lyrae parentem honorificè vocavit: nec Scaliger modò in Italia natus, sed exteri quoque omnes, qui Gallicae linguae scientiam habebant, magni illum fecere, arbitrati, ut verum erat, nostratium Poeta­rum facilè principem. Papir. Masson. Elog. On ne peut assez haut loüer la memoire de grand Ronsard. Jamais Poë­te n' escrivit rant comme luy, c [...]entende ceus dont les ourages sont parvenus jusques à nous. Et toutes fois en quel­que espece de Poesie, ou il ait applique son esprit, en imitant les anciens, il les a ou surmontez, ou pour le moms esgalez. Cur quant a tous les Poetes qui ont escrit, en leus vulgaires, il n' a point son pareil. Il a en nostre lan­gue representè vn Homere, Pindare, Theocrite, & par mesme Moyen diversifiè Virgile, Catulle, Horace, Petrarque, son stile en autant de manieres qu' il luy a pleu, ores d' vn ton haut, ores moyen, ores ba [...]. Pasquier. De Recherches de la France. l. 7. Pierre de Ronsard a esté le premier qui a enrichi nostre langue de Grecques & Latines despouilles. C'est pourquoy on l'appelle le Pindare Francois, au bien Homere Gaulois. La Bibliotheque D' Antoine Du Verdier.

Petrus Ronsardus Poeticam nostrâ aetate ad summum culmen evexit. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. lib. 117. part. 1.

Post Augusti aetatem poeta praestantissimus. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 36. Vide ejus Hist. Tom. 4. l. 82.

This Epitaph was made of him,

Hac tegitur Ronsardus humo, tot notus in oris,
Quot patrius flavas Leda percurrit arenas.

Bartas in his second Week saith thus of him,

L'autre ce grand Ronsard, qui pour oruer sa France
Le Grec & le Latin despouille d'eloquente,
Et d'vn esprit hardy manie hereusement,
Toute sorte de vers, de style & d'argument.

[Page 311]Cardinal Perron made a Funeral Oration upon his death. He much extols him there, It s' est bien veu aux siecles passez, des hommes excellens en vn genre de Poësie (saith he) mais qui ayent embrassé toutes les parties de la Poësie ensemble, comme ce­stuy-cy à faict, il ne s' en est point veu. jusques â maintenant. See more there.

Jo. Rosinus.

He hath written ten Books of Romane Antiquities.

Alexander Rosse, a learned Scotchman.

He hath written many good Books in Latine and English, in Prose and Verse.

Virgilius Evangelizans.

Virgilius Triumphans.

De rebus Judaicis.

Additions to Wollebius and Vrsinus.

Observations upon Sir Walter Rawleigh.

Marrow of History.

Chronology.

Medicus Medicatus.

Of all Religions.

And several others.

Herebertus Rosweydus, a learned Jesuite. Spectatae dili­gentiae & eru­ditionis. Vir Scriv. in lib. 2. Mart.

There are these Works of his,

Dissertatio de fide haereticis servanda.

Historia Eremitica.

Anti Capellus.

Vindiciciae Campensis.

Lex Talionis 12 tabularum.

Corollarium contra Coecysmos Capelli de fide haereticis servanda.

Vetus Martyrologium Romanum.

Hieronymus Roverius. Taurinorum Archiepisco­pus, vel potius Episcoporum elegantiore literatura Coryphaeus. Rami Scholae Mathem. lib. 8.

Hier. Rubeus, a famous Physician.

There are these Works of his,

Disputatio de Melonibus.

De distillat.

Hist. Ravennatum.

Rudolphus II. Imperator.

There are

Tabulae Rudolphinae Astronomicae.

Exhortatio ad omnes S. Roman. Imperii statu pro communi bello adversus Turcam.

Oratio in Comitiis Generalibus Cracoviae.

Joannes Ruellius. Opus egregi­um in tres di­visum partes de natura stir­pium accura­tissime conscri­psit, Dioscordemque, Actuarium, & Constantini de agricultura libros tanta sermonis elegantia transtulit, ut pecu­liari elogio Aquila interpretum à doctissimo Budaeo subinde nuncuparetur. Scaev. Samar. Gall. doctrina illust. Elog.

There are these Works of his,

De Natura stirpium.

Collect. & interpret. Medicinae veterinariae.

Rufinus Presbyter, Anno Dom. 390. 379. Helv. Chron. Multum sanè operae contulit Rufinus ad historiam illustrandam. Nam inter alia, quae Gennadius, & ex eo Honorius comme­morat, Clementis Romani Recognitiones, & Flavium Josephum, Latinè transtulit. Item decem libros Eusebii hi­storiae Ecclesiasticae: verum nimia profectò libertate in vertendo usus fuit. Sanè futilissimum auctorem vocat. Josephus Scaliger appendice opetis de emendatione temporum. Voss. De Hist. Lat. l. 2. c. 11.

He was much esteemed by many.

David Rungius. Anno Dom. 1456.

He was skilled in Hebrew, Greek and Latine, and in the Liberal Arts.

[Page 312]He hath published several Works,

Analysis Ep ad Romanos.

Praelect. in Gen. in Exod.

De norma & judice Controversiarum.

Disp. in Ep. ad Rom. & Cor.

Disput. 8. in Acad.

Anno Aerae Christianae 1056. Helv. Chron. Scripsit is in omnes ferè li­bros Veteris & Novi Testamenti Commentarios. Floruit sub Henrico quinto Imperatore. Pantal. de Vir Illust. Germ. parte secunda. Rupertus Tuicensis, vel Tuitiensis Abbas, Abbot of Tuy.

He was esteemed one of the most learned men of his age. The many Volumes which he hath left written, do testifie the eminency of his Learning.

Some of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Jo. de Rupescissa a Monk, An. 1350. For rebuking the spiritualty for their great enormities, Vixit circa annum 1350 reprehendit spirituales de multis gravissimis sceleribus, & officii sui extrema neglectione: ob camque causam suit in Carcerem conjectus. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. lib. 18. and neglecting their office and duty, was cast into prison.

He hath written

De 5 a Essentia.

De remed. genere.

De Confectione veri lapidis Philosophorum.

Lib. lucis.

Janus Rutgersius.

Anno 1589. natus. Vir erat ani­mi maximi, virtutis & eruditionis eximiae. Magnus praeterea ingeniorum aestimator, ipse ingeniosissimus Testari id possunt variarum lectionum libri VI. quibus nihil elegantius habent litterae humaniores. In Martialem etiam non­nulla notavit. Boxhorn. Theat. Holland.He is called Janus Rutgarius in the Appendix to Oxford Catalogue.

CHAP. XI.

S

EManuel Sa.

One of the most famous Fathers of the Society of the Jesuites, Doctor in Divinity, who vaunts in his Aphorismes of Confession, that he was fourty whole years in making that holy Work, which he esteems certain in its Propo­sitions, since he cals them Aphorisms, which he hath framed after the order of the Alphabet, Pasquier des Recherches de la France. l. 3.

Marcus Antonius Coccius Sabellicus.

Pomponii Laeti, & Domitii Ve­ronensis, suit discipulus: bonarumque literarum apud Veneros Professor. Voss. De Histor. Lat. l. 3. Vir ille scriptorum copia, & elegantia multò clarior, quam mea ulla possit commendatione crescere, miserabilem vitae finem eum sortitus est, quod putrida, perniciosaque correptus elephantiasi per annos aliquot miserabiliter cruciatus, interclusa vocis via, caeterisque tam spiritus quam cibi meatibus computrescentibus, gutturisque corruptis omnibus organis, venisque corrosis, non sine cruciabili tormento annos aliquot peregit, eaque d [...]mum confectus interiit. Pier. Valer. De Lit­teratorum infelicitate. Vide Boissardi Icones.His several Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

Vir subtilissi­mus, natione Hispanus. Cla­ruit anno 1430 Gesn. Bibl. Raymundus de Sabunde.

He hath written an excellent Book, called Theologia naturalis, sive Liber Crea­turarum.

[Page 313] Jo. de Sacro bosco, Joannes Sacro boscus à loco natalis dictus, quod ego no­men Saxonice interpretor Halifax. Liber quem de Sphaera edidit minutus quidem est. Quid morum▪ Ab universo quaeritur, legitur, teritur Mathemati­corum grege. Johan. Leland collectan. de Vir. Illust. a famous Philosopher and Mathematician.

He flourished Anno 1230. His Book of the Sphere is well liked.

Pantaleon Natione Germanus extitit. Is à teneris annis operam li­teris dedit, atque foe [...]ici ingenio praeditus in virum doctissimum evasit. Lutetiae edidit tractatum, de Sphaera, qui etiamnum passim à Mathematicarum disciplinarum studiosis in manibus teritur. Pantaleon de Vir. Illust. Ger­man. parte 2 da. makes him a Germane, Dempster a Scotchman, Hist. Eccles. Scot. l. 17. Stanihurst an Irishman, Descript. Hib. but Leland and others say, he was an Eng­lishman.

Antonius Sadeel. Sadeel verè Sadeel, satus velut ipsius Dei manu ex­cul [...]usque. Le­ctius de vita Sadeelis. Genus dicendi lene & simplex, sine illecebtis sine fuco. Nec tamen sine facundia, sine arte: ut rerum utilitas ac doctrinae cum Eloquii splendore certaret, nec brevitas obscuritatem, nec prolixitas tedium faceret. Modesta item pronuntiatio, modici gestus decentesque, & ad mansuetudinem informati natura. Lectius De vita Sadeelis & scriptis.

Antonius Burbon King of Navarre loved him well, and was wont to hear him preach.

His friends in France were especially Beza, Hottoman, Goulartius, Faius, and others. Elsewhere Grynaeus, Tossanus, Stuckius, Fontanus, Bovius, L'Estraeus.

Jac. Sadoletus a Learned Cardinal. He was thought to be poisoned. Jacobus Sado­letus Orator aevi sui uberri­mus. Vixit annos 70. obiit Romae anno 1547. No­menclat. San­ctae. Rom. Ec­cles. Cardinal. Eximium hu­jus aetatis decus. Eras. l. 27. Epist. Epist. 38. Vir doctissimus & Ciceroniani styli imitator non vulgaris. Gesn. Bib­lioth. Vir gravissimus, omnibusque virtutibus, omni disciplinarum genere, omni litterarum cultu longè praestans Jacobus Sadoletus Co [...]lega meus. Bembi Epist. l 5. Budaeo. Leo decimus acerrimo ingenio, & gravissimo judicio princeps, simul ac creatus est Pontifex maximus, eum statim & Petrum Bembum ex omni doctorum hominum co­pia elegit, quorum in conscribendis Epistolis opera & ingenio uteretur: quod apud Romanos Pontifices munus longe honestissimum est. Is autem eo ita munere functus est, ut non ingenio modò, & scribendi tacultate, qua nemo aetate nostra ad illam antiquorum scriptorum laudem propius accedere existimatus est: sed industria etiam, & fide principi illi maxime satisfaceret. Antonius Florebella [...] De vita Jacobi Sadoleti. Qualecunque tamen id sit quod mihi accidit, scire te volo, me his proximis Comitiis à Paulo tertio Pontifice Maximo in amplissimum ordinem S. R. E. Cardinalium esse cooptatum. Quod sit ne lae andum, nec ne sit, equidem ignoro. Scio enim me alias hu­jusmodi occasiones vi [...]asse: & nunc quidem certè quod factum est, neque ex voluntate mea, & praeter omnem ex­pectationem factum est. Ac singularis quidem Pontificis maximi voluntas declarata est adversum me, qui judicavit eo honore me dignum, quo forsican non sum dignus: vel potius planè non sum: quis enim est tam atrogans, qui audeat ipse de se facere judicium dignitatis? Sadolet. Epist. l. 10. Petro Bembo.

Peter Bembus in the fifth Book of his familiar Epistles, writing to Cardinal Pool of Sadoletus his Book concerning Philosophy, saith, he read it over often, and then gives this approbation of it, Equidem ab illis Augusti temporibus quae profecto maxime omnium summis ingeniis & praestantibus scriptoribus claruerunt; nullum legi librum scriptum, ut mihi quidem videtur, appositius, splendidius, nullum melius, nullum Ciceroniano mori, stilo, facundiae denique vicinius. Vide etiam l. 6. Epist. Fam. Paulo Sadoleto p. 327, 328.

Jac. Salianus. Voluminosus ille Chrono­rapsodus, ex­scribit unde cunque collecta & atrosa sine delectu plerunque aut judicio, è Lyrano, Abulensi, Carthusiano, Josepho, Hebraeorum Chronologiâ m [...]re solenni, quippe qui se professus est Josepho adversarium, omnia, si non depravat & pervertit, in sen­sum certè vertit deterriorem, improbissimus sycophanta. Montacut. Apparat. 6.

There are his

Annales Ecclesiastici Vet. Testamenti, in divers Tomes.

Cl. Salmasius, a learned French Critick. Vir incompa­rabilis, maxi­mus Salmasius de primatu Papae, post quem Homerum si quis Iliada conscribere velit, inutilem laborem suscipiet. Rivet. Grot Discus. Dial. Sect. 5. Vir nunquam satis laudatus, nec temere sine laude nominandus, Claudius Salmasius. Voss. De Orig. & Progres. Idol. l. 4. c. 91. Nostri seculi miraculum, & antiquitatis promus condus. Gul. Rivet. Praef. ad vindic Evang. Non Galliae suae duntaxat, sed jam & hujus Bataviae ingena decus, atque adeò totius Reipublicae literariae praesidium. Voss. De Analog. l. 3. c. 46. Clarissimus Salmasius notis ad Vopisum, ubi post Guilandinum & Dalecampium in Plinium, ac Scaligeri diatribam adversus Guilandinum, pulcrè, indicta (que) aliis, de hoc disserit argumento Voss De Art. Gram. l. 1. c 38. Vir alioquin ad literas summo honore tractandas, & illustrandas natus, si modestiam ad­hibere, & arroganti de se persuasione, ac erga alios malignitate excussa, mentem animi in iis sedulo occupare potuis­set. Herald. Animadvers. In Salmas. Observat. Ad Jus Att. & Rom. l. 2. c. 7.

[Page 314] De omni hujus ludi (scil. calculorum sive tessorarum) ratione accuratius à nemine scriptum, quàm maximo Salmasio, nunquam fatis laudatis ad Historiae Augustae scri­ptores notis Vossius De vitiis sermonis l. 3. c. 52.

He hath written Notes upon Tertullian de pallio.

De Transubstantiatione contra Grotium.

De primatu Papae, vel de ordine Ecclesiastico.

De Episcopis & Presbyteris, with divers Philological, and other Works.

Accuratè de hisce annulis Salmasius eruditâ Epistolâ, vel libro potiùs, de Caesarie, ac coma mulierum. Voss. De vitiis sermonis l. 3. c. 51.

Two or three years, plus minus, before he made his Books, entituled, De usu­ris, deque usurarum modo.

Samuel Petitus published the Attick Laws with a Commentary. He (though learned) was unfurnished with helps, to compleat such a Work. Salmasius there­fore then reading of him, or coming newly from him, took many things from him, and without a diligent search inserted them into his Books, Hinc ex parte tot errores, imo tot monstra, quae in libris illis incubant, ubi his de rebus agitur. Herald. Animad­vers. in Salmas. Observ. ad jus Att. & Rom. l. 2. c. 12.

Salmasius librum inscripsit de usuris, quae inscriptio tractatum juris promittebat. In eo libro verborum proprietates, & origines tractavit; feliciter multas, infeliciter pluri­mas; atque ea in re pars maxima ejus laboris consumpta est. Et sic liber, quem juri­dicum volebat efficere, in grammaticum abiit, sive exiit. Id. ib. l. 2. c. 4.

Alph. Salmeron.

Com. in Script. Novi Test. Tom. 16.

His Work upon the Parables is well liked.

Rabbi Salomo a learned Jewish Expositor.

Vnus ex praecipuis Judaeorum Commentatoribus. Paul Fag. Annot. in Chald. Par. in Gen. 49 10.

Salvianus Is scripsit praeclarum opus de judicio & providentia Dei ad Salonium Episcopum Viennensem, & se Episcopum etiam inscribit. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 5. Gallicae gentis Episcoporum magister. Taubman. in Plaut., Anno Dom. 460.480. alii.

A learned Father. His Book of Gods Providence is well liked.

Si pauca exci­pias verba, quae partim notavit ipse, partim ex alieno seculo, ac potissimum ex Catoniae originibus, invidiorè decerpsit, genere dicendi brevissimo aptissimoque dominari omnium testificatione temporum dictus est. Strad. prolus. l. 2.3. Hist. parre 2 da. Acre & sublime viri ingenium, dicendi vis magna, crebrae sententiae, nervosa brevitas narrar presse, irrepit subtiliter, pugnat robustè, verbis vix unquam remerariis, sed acri castigarione delectis, sententiis veris concionibus cultis. Caùssin. Eloq. Sac. & Hum. Paralel l. 1. c. 61. Re­rum Romanarum florentissimus auctor. Tacitus 3. Annal. c 30. Vix tandem habitura est quidquam egregium La­tina lingua quod non Salustianum sit: adeo hujus scriptoris st ylum admirabilem & modo non venerabilem mihi cu­pis reddere. Steph. De Lipsii Lat. Palaestra prima. Salustius Crispus.

Salust is a wise and worthy Writer, but he requireth a learned reader, and a right considerer of him. Aschams Schoolmaster 2 d part.

Crispus Romana primus in Historia. Mart. l. 14. Epig. 191.

Scaevola Samarthanus, a learned French Poet.

He hath published Poems and Elogies of the learned Frenchmen. Elogia Gal­lorum doctri­na illustrium praescripsit. Voss. De Histor. Lat. lib. 3. cap. 10.

Stephanus Paschasius in the 4 th Book of his Epigrams, hath these Verses to him.

Seu Latios scribas, sen Gallos Scaevola versus;
Nil Latia, aut majus Gallica terra tulit.
Roma suum jactet, miretur Gallia nostrum:
Cur ita? pro patria vovit uterque manum.

Rob. Sanderson, A Learned School-Divine of our own.

He hath put out divers English Sermons, and a learned Treatise De Juramento.

[Page 315] Gaspar Sanctius, A Learned Spaniard. Nihil illo fuit humilius in omni vita, nunquam est visus irasci, aut animo com­moveri: nun­quam vocem solitò amplius extollere non pati detrahen­tes nomini alieno: ipse de omnibus honestè sentire & loqui. Nunquam in omni vita mentitus est. Quantus fuerit doctrinâ, lucubratio­nes ejus abundè declarant. Biblioth. Scriptorum Societ. Jesu ab Alegambe edita.

He hath put out Commentaries,

In Ruth, Ezram, Neh. Esther.

In quatuor libros Regum.

In librum Job.

In Prophetam Isaiam.

In Jeremiam.

In Ezech. & Dan.

In Prophetas minores.

In Zachariam.

Antonius Sanderus.

He hath written, He hath publish­ed divers other works mentioned in his first [...]ook De Gandaven­sibus eruditio­ne claris.

Elogia Cardinalium Sanctitate, Doctrina, & Armis illustrium.

De Scriptoribus Flandriae.

Hagiologium Flandriae.

De Gandavensibus Eruditionis fama claris. l. 3.

Gandavum, sive de Antiquitatibus.

De Burgensibus eruditionis Fama claris. l. 2.

De Claris sanctitate & eruditione Antoniis, l. 3.

Nic. Quo homine vix quicquam habuit orbis Christianus ad omnem mentiendi libidinem impudentius, & obduratius. Cerre qùae scripsit libro illo de Schismate Anglicano, ita pleraque omnem fidem hominum & existimationem superant, ut totus ille diabolico furore percirus prostituisse Satanae conscientiam & destinata malitia fraena sibi ad omnem maledicentiae turpitudi­nem laxasse videatur. Abbot. ad Apologet. pro Garnet. Apol. c. 2. Sanderus.

There are divers Works of his,

De visibili Monarchia.

De Clave.

De Justificat. contra Colloquium Altenburg.

De honoraria adorat. Imaginum.

De schismate Anglicano.

And several English Books.

Hugo Sanfordus.

He hath written a learned Book De descensu Christi ad inferos.

Jacobus Sannazarius, or Accius Sincerus, a Learned Poet.

Inter poetas primum locum obtinuit vir eximius. Cujus ingenium monumenta non vetusta non oblivio delebit ulla, ut ex tot Regum triumphis haud paullo clarior, quam ex unius hominis doctrina, atque ingenio, Parthenope sit futura. Manut. Praefat. in Sannaz.

He put out a famous Poeme De partu virginis in quo de perfectione poëseos videtur cum antiquis decertare. Boissardi Bibliotheca. He was Virgilii aemulus.

There is this Epigramme of Cardinal Bembus upon his Sepulchre at Naples.

Da sacro cineri flores, hic ille Maroni
Syncerus musâ proximus, ut tumulo.

Sappho Scripsit Ly­ricorum libros LX. Praeterea Epigrammata, elegias, Jam­bos & Mono­dias carmini Sapphico (cujus inventrix fuit) dedit nomen. Catal. Doctarum Virginum & Foeminarum ad finem. Westhon. Parthen. Lesbia a woman, so called from the place of her birth, viz. the Isle of Lesbos.

She lived 515. years before the birth of Christ, one of the first which practised the science of Poetry.

[Page 316]The Romans erected a Statue of Porphiry richly wrought in memory of her. She was very expert in the composition of Lyrick Verses. She invented also a sort of Verses called Sapphick from her name.

Qui de ritibus ac moribus gentium li­bros tres, de inventoribus rerum libros duos, & de nummis librum unum conscripsit; autor valde eruditus, & lectionis valde multae. Neand. Geog. parte 1. Alex. Sardus.

He hath written a Book

De moribus & ritibus gentium.

Erasmus Sarcerius, a learned Divine. He was born Anno 1500.

His several Works are mentioned by Boissard, and many of them in Oxford Ca­talogue.

Jo. Telis acer­bissimis non­nunquam insectabatur Cleri abusus, scriptor suae aetatis longè eloquentissimus, carmine ac prosa-excellens Balaeus De Script. Brytan. Cent. 3. Sarisburiensis.

There is his Metalogicus.

Polycraticus, sive de nugis Curialium.

Epistolae.

Adam Sasboat Professour of Divinity at Lovain.

Docent duo interpretes scripturarum accuratissimi, Cornelius Jansenius, & Ada­mus Sasbout. Bellarm. Recognit. operum de summo Pontifice.

Italus secta Dominicanus, Concionator percelebris, pietate sancti­monia, doctri­na adeò cla­rus, ut à ple­ris que Prophe­ta haberetur. Morn. myst. Iniq. Ante annos 90. exustus est Florentiae celeberrimus. Concionator Hieronymus Savanarola Monachus Dominicanus cum aliquot sociis. Vir eruditione ac pietate insignis. De articulo gratuitae justificationis fidei in Christum rectè sensit ut apparet ex ejus Commentariis in Psalm. 51. Communionem sub utraque specie defendit, Indulgentias damnavit. Papae, Cardinalium, omniumque spiritualium turpem scelera­tamque vitam & officii neglectionem, gravissimè est accusare solitus. A Joanne Pico, comite Mirandulae docto vi­ro sanctus propheta appellatur, & proprio scripto, & contra Papam defenditur. Marcilius Ficinus in quadam Epistola propheticum spiritum, & alioqui cum magnificè celebrat. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 19. Vide plura ibid. Praedicator acerrimi ingenii, summae doctrinae & eruditionis vir, austerae vitae, & morum sanctimonia om­nibus admirandus: vehemens in reprehendendis vitiis, eloquentissimus in concionibus: tanta vi dicendi, & fa­cundia pollebat, ut quò vellet animos auditorum persuasos flecteret. Ideo quoties ad populum verba haberet è suggestu tantus ad illam audiendum confluxus erat, ut amplissima templa multitudinem capere non possent. Boissardi Bibliotheca. Hieronymus Savanarola of Ferrara, by profession a Dominican, a famous Preach­er, An. 1499. he was burnt.

Being a Monk in Italy, and singularly well learned, he preached sore against the evil life of the spiritualty, and specially of his own Order, complaining sore upon them, as the Authours of all mischiefs and wickednesse. Whereupon by the help of certain learned men, he began to seek Reformation in his own Order. He threatned Italy with the wrath and indignation of God, and prophesied before unto them, that the Land should be overthrown for the pride and wickednesse of the people, and for the untruth, hypocrisie and falshood of the Clergy, which God would not leave unrevenged, as afterward it came to passe, when Charles the French King came into Italy and to Rome, and so straitly beset the Pope Alex­ander, that he was forced to make composition with him. Foxes Act and Monum. Vol. 1. p. 596.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard.

Sir Henry Savilius An­glicè loquen­tem nobis Tacitum ediderat notis quibusdem suis longe eruditissimis illustratum. Montac. Antidiat. Hic Chrysostomus à Savilio editur, privata impensa, animo regio. Casaub. Epist. Append. p. 63. Excellentis ingenii & admirandae eru­ditionis vir. Id. Epist. 84. Vide Scultet. Curric vitae p. 62. In notis tuis nihil displicet praeter brevitatem & pauci­tatem. Caeterùm cum cogito & sumptuum, quos fecisti, immensitatem, & non ferendos labores, quos per aliquot annos, quâ exemplaria Chrysostomi conquirens, quâ legens & relegens, quâ emendans, quâ invicem comparans su­stinuisti, absolvo te ab omni culpa, imò miror potiùs quod reliquis laboribus (qui alium quemvis non invicti planè animi oppressissent) hunc etiam notas tuas scribendi & alienas corrigendi ad dere voluisti. Boissii Not. in Homil. in Genes. ad Dominum Henricum Savilium. Quod docte & accurate observavit Savillus, ut pleraque alia in his historia­rum libris qua illustrandae Taciti historiae, qua ostendendo in quibus Tacitus ipse incuriosius aut minus explicavit re­rum gestarum ordinem, aut contraria sibi ipsi & repugnantia scripserit. Quae omnia summa industria diligentia, judi­cio ab eo relata aut ipse non invidebit nobis Cismarinis Latina lingua dare, aut erunt, qui audeant. Merc. Not in Tac. Savil, a great Mathematician, and expert Grecian.

[Page 317]He was skilfull in the Greek and Latine, and most of the Liberal Arts.

To whom Oxford is beholding for her Mathematick Professors, the Christian world for Chrysostom and Bradwardine His putting forth Chrysostom cost him 8000 pounds.

Nil oriturum aliàs, nil ortum tale fatemur, said Marcus Velserus a learned Ger­mane of that Work.

Vir acerrimi judicii, & ob editum Chrysostomum perennis gloriae Henricus Savi­lius. Meibomii Praef. ad Gaudent. Harmon, Introduct.

Scaligeri utrique.

Both the Scaligers, Julius Caesar Scaliger, and Joseph his sonne were excellent Scholars and famous Poets.

Andrew Melvin hath these Verses of them,

Scaliger aut pater, aut proles si carmina dictat;
Scaligero solus Scaliger apta canit.
Scaligero patri par nemo, simillima proles,
Tam patri similis, quam pater ipse sibi.
Scaliger aut pater, aut proles, ambo unus, in uno aut
Est pater in nato, aut in patre natus erit.

CHAP. XII.

JVlius Caesar Scaliger was thirty years old before he fell to study, Criticus, Grammaticus acerrimus, poeta excellen­tissimus, Phi­losophus eru­ditissimus, alter in medicina Aesculapius, & quidem (dictu pene incredibi­le) haec omnia quum aetatis juvenilis parte in armis con­sumpta, serius sese literarum studiis dedis­set tum ingenii extra omnem aleam positi praestantia, tum indefatigabili labore, quamvis adversante valetudine consequutus. Bezae Icon. Vir. Illust. Latina Julii Caesaris Scaligeri Poetica; spissum sane opus & perspicacissimi ingenii atque ingentis in viro eruditionis argumentum. Possev. Biblioth. Sel. Tomo 2 do. l. 17. Julius Scaliger Veronensis, non minus eruditione quam genere ac prole Clarus. Bod. De Repub l 5. c. 1. yet was a sin­gular Philosopher, and an excellent Greek and Latine Poet.

Vossius cals him Naturae miraculum. Instit. Orat. l. 1. c. 3. sect. 1. & ibid. l. 1. c. 5. sect. 2. he saith thus, Vir ille nunquam sine laude dicendus, vir ad unguem factus. Voss. Instit. orat. l. 4. c. 11. sect. 3. Summus profectò veterum censer, ac deliciae omnium, quorum interest vaecare Musis. Voss. Institut. orat. l. 5. c. 13. sect. 1. Yet elsewhere Multum in exercitationibus suis debet Joanni Leoni; ut­cunque nomen scriptoris semper suppresserit. Voss. De Orig. & Progress. Idol. l 3. c. 59. Hoc contradictionis studium quod ubique in hisce exercitationibus se prodit sophista dignius est quam philosopho. Majorem enim modestiam, dum falsè adeo tractat Cardanum, meritò passim requiras: praesertim si cogites scribere adversu [...] virum summum, studiis quidem humanitatis, & metphysices non paulò inferiorem, at non scientia naturae, Mathesios autem omni­bus disciplinis, in quibus parum omnino Scaliger videbat, albis quod dicitur equis praevertentem. Voss. De Orig. & Progress. Idol. l. 3. c. 80 Vide ibid. c. 84. & Moncacus. Analect. Exercit. 5. Sect 4. Oratione illa adversus Erasmum doctiùs, quam modestius, magisque ad ostentationem & laudis aucupium, ex magnitudine adversarii, quam veritatis studio scripsit, sed hanc culpam heros ille postmodo, poenitudine ductus quodammodo eluit divino epigrammate, quo Erasmum adeo extulit. Voss. Institut. Orat. l. 4. c. 2. Sect. 4. De cujus viri ingenio ita semper apud me judicarim, ut illum dum se philosophiae pallio continuit, rectè, & decentissimè; cum verò Imperatoris paludamentum induit, futiliter omnia, & vanè locutum fuisse non dubitem assere [...]e. Naudaeus De Studio militari l. 1. p. 183. he taxeth him for being much beholding to an authour in his Exercitations, whom yet he never mentions, and for his too much contradicting of Cardane.

In his Exercitations he opposeth Cardan too much; Idque non tam eruendae veri­tis studio, quam ut effraeni desiderio suo satisfaceret, cum illis omnibus congrediendi, quos suo tempore, literarum eruditionumque Principes haberi cognoverat. Naudaei de Cardano. Judicium. Vide plura ibid.

So in his Commentaries upon Aristotle de Animalibus, he inveigheth against Theodore Gaza a most innocent and learned man.

Lipsius highly admires him, Tres sunt quos admirari unicè soleo, & qui in homi­nibus excessisse mihi humanum fastigium videntur, Homerus, Hippocrates, Aristo­teles, sed addo hunc quartum (viz. Julium Scaligerum) qui natus in miraculum & gloriam nostri aevi. Lips. Epist. Cent. 2. Epist. 44. Jano Dousae filio.

[Page 318] Ne vir sim ego, si acutius aut capacius ingenium inter homines fuit ab illo ipso Julia­no aevo. Lipsius De Rect. pronunc. Latinae Linguae c. 7.

Vir stupendae eruditionis, & quo Sol doctiorem vix illuxit alterum. Meibomii Maecenas c. 4.

Vir quo superiorem antiquitas vix habuit, parem certe haec aetas non vidit. Thuan. Hist. Tom 1. l. 21. Vide plura ibid.

Joseph Scaliger, Josephus Scaliger Grammati­cus melior quam Logicus. Savil. Lect. 12. in Euclid. In amore tuo gaudeo: in judicio triumpho, quia (verè, & ex animo) si quisquam est proborum, cui probari me meaque velim: is [...]u es, inter probissimos primus. Aquila in nubibus, quod Graeci dicunt, verè tu es: vides, imo pervi [...]es omnia: & quicquid venaris, capis. Lips. Epist. Cent. 1. Epist. 6. Jos. Scal. Vide Jos. Scalig. Epist. l. 1. Epist. 1. & 2. & etiam Epist 90, 98. Sane unicus libellus contra Serarium tanta doctrinae reconditae copia est re­fertus, ut omnes inimici Scaligeri, si in unum conveniant & capita conferant, parem librum nunquam sint daturi. Casaub. Epist. 298. Thuan. Eusebium Scaligeri legi & ita sum admiratus, ut nihil simile putem me legisle. Casaub. Epist. 392. Vassano & fratri. Vir tantus, cujus nomen nunquam mihi occurrit, quin illud venerer. Herald. Ani­madvers. in Salmas. observat. Ad. Jus Att. & Rom l. 2. c. 19. Vide Gassend. De vita Peireskii l. 2. p 124, 125, 126. Josephus Scaliger vix delibatis conjugationibus Graecis Homerum cum interpretatione arreptum XXI. diebus totum di­dicit; poeticae vero dialecti vestigiis insistens, Grammaticam sibi ipse formavit, ne (que) ullam aliam didicit; quam quae ipsi ex analogia verborum Homericorum observata fuit. Reliquos verò poetas Graecos omnes intra quatuor menses devora­vit. Neque ullum Oratorem aut Historicum prius attigit, quam poetas omnes teneret. Nullus extat aucto [...], sive G [...]ae­cus, sive Latinus, in quem non plurima notaret. Meurfi Athenae Batavae. Wower writing to Joseph Scaliger from Rome, saith, Non facilè dixero quantos amatores ingenii tui praeclara monumenta hic invenerint. Parco dicere, quam freqaens, quam honorifica illustris nominis tui mentio, quam curiose de rebus tuis figillatim inquirant, qua­rum noticia stuporem ipsis merito auget. Wower. Epist. Cent. 2. Epist. 9. Vide etiam Epist. 71. In Criticis omnium recte aestimantium judicio princeps sine controversia, sine aemulo ac rivali dominatur. Baudi Oratio in obium Scaligeri. Nullus est alicujus notae scriptor Graecus aut Latinus, cui non lucem aliquam soeneratus sit. Id. ibid. one of the great lights of France and Holland too.

In antiquos scriptores nimium petulans & protervus. Montac. Exercit 2. sect. 10.

For variety of Learning and skill in the Oriental Languages (besides his acu­ratenesse in Chronology) he exceeded his Father.

Julius Scaliger vir incomparabilis nisi Josephum genuisset. Meric. Casaub.

Dictator eruditorum. Dilher. Disput. Acad. Tom. 1. Flos ille illibatus Musarum. Casaub. Epist.

Senatus Critici princeps ▪ Voss. Institut Orat. l. 4 c. 19. sect, 5.

Is juvenis quanta sit eruditione & judicio, quaque in votustis scriptis conferendis in­dustria, & abstrusa sensibus eruendis acumine, monumenta ab eo edita testantur. Buchan Rerum Scot. Hist. l. 2.

In the first Volume of the Lord of Plessis his Lettres & Memoires, Casaubone relating to him Scaligers death, saith, This losse of so learned a man, wrought in him an incredible grief, and that he for his particular had lost another Father, and saith, That he had the honour to be loved by him, and that he much honoured him according to his merit, and addes, That those which of late have so calumniated him, will not spare now to reproach him much more; but (saith he) he will not want such as will vindicate him, Dum quidem literis melioribus suus honor stabit.

Mounsieur Du Plessis likewise condoles with him in so great a losse, and saith, That Scaliger indeed made one of the integral parts of the better Learning of this Age, but (saith he) he was aged, and therefore to have lived longer would have been but a burden; and he doubts not likewise but the Jesuites would insult over this dead Lion, but it makes for Scaligers honour (quoth he) to have such Adver­saries, V [...] omnis boni osores, ita & omnibus exosos. And I assure my self, that when they shall attempt it, they shall not do it impune, as long as you shall live, which ought therefore to redouble your courage, that so Christianity may finde a supply of the other want in your increased abilities, as Physicians say, when one eye is lost, the other sees the better.

Thuanus honourably mentions him in his History Josephus Ju­stus Scaliger secundum pa­trem nunc in­ter litteratos & jure littera­rum principem sine controversia locum tenet, vere eruditorum Phoebus, ut politissimi ingenii Vir, Lipsius eum indigi­tavit. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 21. Vide plura ibid. Literatorum hujus saeculi princeps Josephus Scaliger in illo ad­mirando & ad omnem aeternitatem victuro opere, quod de emendatione temporum composuit. Thuan. hist. tom. 3. l. 76. Amicitia cum Scaligero contracta vitio illi à virtuti & literis infesto hominum genere vertitur. Thuan. de vit. sua l. 7. and in the first Book of his [Page 319] Commentaries De vita sua, saith he, continued in a league of friendship thirty eight years, and addes, Eaque re, quam sibi ab improbis hominibus exprobrari & vnìe verti intellexit, in sinu gaudet, & palam gloriatur, tantaque ex recordatione ejus nunc etiam voluptate perfunditur, ut concumelias, convitia, calumnias; & peri­cula & incommoda ab injusto illorum odio, si Deo placet, ob id profecta, si detur optio, tam dulcis & honestae tamque eruditae consuetud [...]nis amissione aut etiam oblivione nolit redimere. Et hoc ist is pro omni ad ill [...]rum virulentiam responsione dictum cupit. And addes, That in all that while in which he was acquainted with him, he never heard him dispute of the controverted points of Religion, or that he knew was he accu­stomed to write to others about them, Neque vero (saith he) nisi provocatus de iis nec nisi invitissimus disserebat; and concludes thus, Quasi vero extra Religionis caussam non multa praeclara & supra captum, quantum ad literas, humanum in ea admiranda essent, quae bonus quisque ab eo cognoscere & doceri merito cuperet, & pro­pter tam raras in eum à Deo camulat as doies non ipse observari ac praecipua veneratione à bonis quibusque mereretur.

Desiderius Heraldus seems to question his Book De re nummaria, cum libellus post ejus obitum editus sit, nec ab eo ante recognitus. Animadvers. in Salmas. Observat. ad Jus Att. & Rom. l. 2. c. 20. Eusebii Chronica castigavit notisque illustravit, quibus nihil hic sol videt eruditius. Voss. De Hist. Graec. l. 2. c. 17.

Chr. Scheiblerus. He wrote,

Opus Logicum, compendium Philosophiae Metaphysica cum additionibus. T. Bar­low.

Will. Vir cla­rissimus & à peritia Linguae Arabicae commendatissimus Dominus Willielmus Schickardus Professor Tubigensis. Specimen. Arab. Johan. Fabric. Schickardus, a great Linguist.

There are his, Horologium Hebraeum.

Bechinath Happeruschim.

Institutiones Hebraeae.

Jus Regium Hebraeorum.

Epitome Bibliorum sen Eclogae sacrae, and his Tarich Regum Persic.

Valentine Schindler, singularly skilled in the Hebrew and the Oriental Tongues.

He wrote, Lexicon Pentaglotton.

Martinus Schoockins. He is Professor of Logick and Physick in Groning.

He hath published these Works

De bonis Ecclesiasticis.

Accurata de reip. Belgicae faederatae descriptio.

With several other Works.

Caspar Schoppius.

He and Andrew Schoppius are good at railing. Andraeas Eu­daemon. Andreas sane & Schoppius nomina sunt illustria è fa­milia calumniatorum. M. Casaub. pietas.

He hath written sharply against Joseph Scaliger, styling his Book

Scaliger Hyperbolimeus.

He hath published also other Works.

Cornelius Schonaeus, a Poet of a most elegant wit. His holy Comaedies (enti­tuled Terentius Christianus) which are commonly used, shew that.

And. Schottus, a most learned and candid Jesuite.

He hath written Notes upon Senecae, and several other Works. Vir ad littera­rum studia promovenda natus. Haeschel. Not. ad Bibliothec. Photii. Natione Belga, domo Antuerpia natus scripsit Bibliothecam His­paniae, seu de Academiis ac Bibliothecis, cum elogiis & Nomenclatore Clarorum Hispaniae scriptorum Tomis tribus distinctam. Biblioth. Scriptorum Societ. Jesu. A Philippo Alegambe edita. Hic amicos habuit Claudium Puteanum, Scaligorum, Pithaeos, Passeratium, aliosque, semper in libris, omnibus gratus, moribus tra­ctabilis, & ut unico verbo dicam, Ipsa bonitas. Swertii Athenae Belgicae.

[Page 320] Jo Duns Scotus, a learned Englishman, and the wittiest of all the Schoolmen, An. Dom. 1300. Scaliger cal'd him Limam veritatis. Scotum, ut olim fuit Ho­merus, à diver­sis regionibus certatim adoptatum Angli potissimum sibi vendicant. Eras. Epist. l. 7. Epist. 39. In Dialectica & spi­nosa Theologia ad miraculum doctissimu subtilis Doctoris titulum promeruit, & novam Scotistarum sectam con­didit. Lausii Orat. pro Britania.

He wrote at Oxford in Merton Colledge upon the four Books of the Sentences, whence his Work is called Scriptum Oxoniense.

If I must ake any thing in this part of Philosophy on trust, I confesse Sco­tus his credit will go as farre with me, as any man that ever writ, not guided by an unerring infallible spirit. M r Baxters Friendly Accomod.

He being sick of an Apoplexy was buried before he was dead.

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

An ancient Poet composed these two Verses of him,

Doctor subtilis, nomen subtilia donant,
Quem vestis vilis, pes nudus, corda coronant.

Alius fuit à Scoto Oxoni­ensis Collegii Metronensis alumno quem Doctorem sub. tilem atque Dunsum nominabant. Erat homo corpore pusillus, sed animo, & ingenio amplissimus, summus Philosophus, morum probitate laudatissimus, & facetiis urbanissimus. Caii Hist. Cantab. Acad. l. 1. Hoc viro eximio, tanquam geniali quodam sidere, adornabat Alphredus Academiam suam Oxonii inchoatam. Erat ille primus qui publicè illic bonas artes profitebatur. Balaeus De Script. Britan. Cent. 2. Johannes Scotus Erigena, an Irishman, for Ireland is called by the Inhabitants Erin. Balaeus saith, he was King Alphreds Master, An. Dom. 850.

He was many years before Duns Scotus. Vide Voss. De vitiis Sermonis, lib. 3. cap. 8.

Johannes Scotus a famous Countreyman of ours, wrote a Book of the same Ar­gument, and to the same effect that Bertram had done, viz. of the Sacrament. This man for his extraordinary Learning was in England (where he lived in great account with King Alfred) surnamed John the Wise, and had very lately room in the Martyrology of the Church of Rome, though now he be ejected thence. B. Vsh. Answ. to the Jes. Challenge.

He is described to be of a sharp wit, of great eloquence, and well expert in the Greek Tongue, pleasant and merry of nature and conditions, as appeareth by di­vers his doings and answers.

First, He coming to France out of his own Countrey of Scotland (so saith M r Fox) by reason of great tumults of warre, was there worthily entertained, and for his Learning had in great estimation of Carolus Calvus the French King; whom he commonly and familiarly used to have about him, both at Table, and in Chamber.

M r Foxes Acts aud Monum. Vol. 1. p. 186, 187. Mat­thaeus West­monasteriensis. p. 171. hath the same.Upon a time the King sitting at meat, and seeing something (belike in this John Scot) which seemed not very courtly, cast forth a merry word, asking of him, What difference there was betwixt a Scot and a Sot? Whereunto the Scot sitting over against the King, somewhat lower, replied again suddenly, rather then advi­sedly, yet merrily, saying, Mensa tantúm, that is, the Table onely: importing thereby himself to be the Scot, and so calling the King a Sot by craft.

Another time the same King being at Dinner was served with a certain dish of fish, wherein were two great fishes, and a little one. After the King had taken thereof his repast, setteth down to Johannes Scotus the foresaid fish to distribute unto the other two Clerks, sitting there with him: which were two tall and migh­ty persons, he himself being but a little man. Johannes taketh the fish, of the which, the two great he taketh and carveth to himself; the little fish he reacheth to the other two. The King perceiving his division thus made, reprehended the same. Then Johannes, whose manner ever was to finde out some honest matter to delight the King, answered to him again, proving his division to stand just and equal: For here (saith he) be two great, and a little, pointing to the two great fishes and [Page 321] himself: and likewise here again is a little one, and two great, pointing to the lit­tle fish, and two great persons: I pray you (saith he) what distribution can be more equal? Whereat the King with his Nobles being much delighted, laughed merrily.

He was impiously murthered and slain by his Scholars with their pen-knives at Malmesbury. Joannes Scotus alias Erigena dictus scripsit Commentarios in libros Dionysii de Hierarchia: in quorum enarratione, cum taxaret opinionem tum receptani, de oblatione Coenae Dominicae pro vivis & mortuis, à discipulis, Monachorum impulsu graphiis est interfectus: an­no Domini 884. in Monasterio Malmesberiensi, qua recreationis gratia se contulerat. Jacobi Frisii Biblioth. Philos. Sane ex antiquis, qui graphiis discipulorum periisse referantur, non alii nunc animo occurrunt, quà n [...]hi duo; Cassianus, cujus memoria celebratur XIII. Augusti, & Joannes Erigena, sive Scotus, Caroli [...]alvi. Imp. aequa­lis; de quo id ex Matthaeo Westmonasteriensi, & Gulielmo Malmesburiensi, prodebamus Historiae Pelagianae lib. VII. part. 14. Voss. De vitiis Sermonis l. 2. c. 15.

D r William Sclater, a learned School-Divine.

There are several Works of his published,

Vtriusque Epistolae ad Corinthios Explicatio.

An Exposition with Notes upon the second Epistle to the Thessalonians.

On two Chapters of the Romans.

Of Tithes.

Sermons, and other Tracts.

Carolus Scribanius a Jesuite, under the name of Clarus Bonarscius, Vidistine un­quam ex quo re genuere pa­rentes: imò fuit ne unquam in rerum natura jam inde à primordio conditi orbis, tale monstrum ac portentum ex omni colluvione barbariae & impudentiae conflarum, qualis est ille qui edidit librum cui in scriptio Amphitheatrum honoris? Dominicus Baudius Joanni à Wower. (which is an Anagram to his name) made four Latine Books, which he entitleth Amphithea­trum honoris, horroris he might have said.

That he was the Author of that Book, appears both by an Epistle of Andreas Schottus the Jesuite, whose Autograph is yet kept, and also by the Catalogue of the Writers of that Society published by Ribadeneira at Antwerp, in which it is ex­presly mentioned, that Carolus Scribanius was the Authour of the four Books of the Amphitheater of honour.

He saith there, That all those who adhere not to their holy Society, are no better then Calvinists.

Sed omittamus Amphitheatralem istum scriptorem, melioris omnis doctrinae pus atque venenum. Is. Casaub. ad Front. Duc. Epist.

Pet. Scriverius.

He hath written learnedly on Martial. Doctissimus Scriverius, vir praeclarè de Poeta hoc meritus. Vossius De Analog. l. 2. c. 3. Vir ut ad restituendas litteras, & omnis aevi antiquitatem, ita ad instaurandum patriae suae decorem natus. Boxhorn. Theat. Holland.

Tot ac tanta sunt quae in eo praestitisti, ut praedicationem meam longè supergressa sunt. Equidem Belgii nostri fortunae gratulor, penes quos servati Martialis gloria est. J. Rutgersius Scriverio.

Anna Maria à Schurman, a very learned and also pious woman, Virgo Batava, praeter verna­culam, Galli­camque trium linguarum, quas eruditorum vocant, Latinae, Graecae, Hebraicae callens, versus Latinos Latinè terséque ludere solet; rhythmosque cum vernaculos tum Gallicos. Valeri Audreae Bibliotheca Belgica. whom Span­hem cals Vltimum naturae in hoc sexu conatum, & decimam Musam.

She hath put out

Opuscula Hebraea Graeca, Latina, Gallica, Prosaica & Metrica.

In the third Edition of which Book, and the end of it, there are divers Elogia of her by many learned men.

[Page 322] Doctissimus vir, M Bartho­lomaeus Scultetus ante annos non paucos, cum Lipsiae operam literis darem, mihi ob singularem in rebus Astronomi­cis peritiam, familiaritate ferme quotidiana auctus erat, cujus etiam in Mathematicis Scientiis, maximè vero in Gnomonicis, quas ab Homelio suo Praeceptore hauserat, eximia cognitio, plurimis innotuit. Tych. Brah. De Co­meta. Anni 1577. l. 2. c. 10. Bartholomaeus Scultetus, a great Mathematician.

Paraei Collega in facultate Theologica Abrahamus Scultetus Electoris disertissimus concionator, Theologiae Antiquitatis, & Historiae Eccle­siasticae sedulus sectator. Laeti Compend. Hist. Univers. Abraham Scultetus, a most eloquent Preacher and learned Divine.

He hath written Medulla Theol. Patrum in four Volumes.

Exercitationes Evangelicae.

Deliciae Evangelicae Pragenses.

In Epistolas Pauli ad Timotheum duas, Titum & Philemonem.

Annalium Evangelii Decas 1 a & 2 da.

De curriculo vitae sive de actionibus Pragensibus, cum aliis.

De Imaginibus Idololat sermo.

Scultetus Orthodoxus, seu responsio ad Theses de Imaginibus.

CHAP. XIII.

Clarus fuit in Italia Sedulius Scotus circa annum 450. ingenio prae­claro praeditus, eruditus, carmine & prosa excellens. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. lib. 5. CAelius Sedulius Scotus, Anno Dom. 490.430. saith Barclay.

Sedulius Presbyter, vir quidem ille doctus, & in sacris literis interpre­tandis exercitatus. Rivii Reg. Angl. in Hibern. defens. adversus Analecten. l. 2. Vide R. Episc. Usser. De Brit. Eccles. primord. c. 16.

John Selden a learned Lawyer of the Inner-Temple.

Ad juris Patrii exactam sci­entiam, legum Mosaicarum, reliquarumque gentium, & literarum por­ro omnium, non Latina­rum modo & Graecarum, sed & Hebraicarum & gentium Orientalium singularem cognitionem adjecit. D. Duck. De usu & Authoritate Juris Civilis Romanorum l. 2. c. 8. Per idem tempus accepit aureum eruditi Seldeni librum de Arundelianis Marmoribus, sive saxis Graecè incisis, quae per illustris ille comes transferri ex Asia in Angliam, hor­tosque suos curaverat. Gassend. De vita Petreskii. Seldeni doctrinam & eruditionem non suspicio modo & veneror, sed etiam admiror & exosculor plane. Capel. Diat. de nomine Jehovah. Vir [...] D. Joan. Seldenus in scri­pto illo De Diis Syris accuratissimo, eruditionisque recondi [...]iori [...] cum primis foeto. Cl. Gatak Dissert. de Tetragram. Vindicat. ad versus Capellum. Videatur de iis doctissimus Ictus I. Seldenus, qui in his sacris per medium fundum Antiquitatis peregrinatur, utcubi sacros Scripturae locos quam multos, ad priscos Deos remittunt; nobis det enoda­tos: qui vir etiam si praeterea aliud nihil praesti [...]isset, est tamen, cur ei Antiquitatis amatores multum se debere sa­teantur. Dilber. Disputat. Academ. Tom. 10 p. 248.He got his great knowledge in the Oriental Languages after he fell to the study of the Law.

Some like his Marmora Arundeliana, some his Books concerning the Jewish Rites and Customes, others much commend his Titles of Honour; but I must con­fesse my self to be most taken with that De Diis Syris, wherein he opens many places of Scripture. Others, I believe also are of the same judgement.

He is honourably mentioned by many outlandish men.

He wrote in all his Books [...], above all Liberty, to shew, that he would examine things, and not take them upon trust.

Nicolaus Selneccerus Doctor of Divinity and Professor of the same in the Uni­versity of Lipsia.

He wrote this Distick for himself,

Quid sum? Nil. Quis sum? Nullus, sed gratia Christi,
Quod sim, quod vivo, quodque laboro, facit.

[Page 323]His many Works are mentioned by Boi [...] [...] in his Icones.

Lucius Annaeus Seneca the Philosopher, Anno [...] Christianae 68. Helv. Chron. Habet ille re­vera multa exi­mia, utilia, fortia, sublimia, & arguta, subtiliaque complura, estque dignus admodum qui non ab humaniotis literaturae tantum, sed à Theologiae etiam studiosis sedulò quidem, sed judicio atque examine justo adhibito, legatur. Ve­rum non est unius ejusdemque ubique coloris, nec per omnia constat sibi. Cl Gatak Praelog ad Antoninum Pium. Quem non ponerem in Catalogo Sanctorum, nisi me illae Epistolae provocarent, quae leguntur à plurimis, Pauli ad Senecam & Senecae ad Paulum Hieron De Script. Eccles Absit mea quidem sententia, ut Epistolas istas legitimas putetis, quae à nonnullis etiam nunc leguntur. Lilii Greg. Gyrald. De Poet Histor. Dial 8. Multarum retum ex­perientia cognitus. Tacit. l. 13. Laudatissimus inter omnes veteres scriptor, & virtutis studio poene Christianus. Lips. in Epist. ad Paullum 5 tum Pont. Philosophus quidem fuit, sententiarum ubertate in scriptis gravis, magnae, ut appatet, prudentiae: & in vitiis aliorum omnis generis notandis severus, quod testimonium etiam Quinctilianus ipsi perhibet lib. x. c. 1. Melbomii Maecenas. c. 22. was born a little before the death of Augustus Caesar.

The divine Moralist, he is a great reprover of vices, he was the Prince of the Stoicks, who were the strictest of the Heathen Philosophers. Morum Apelles ille singularis & Censor. Scriv. Animadv. in Mart l. 10.

He was Nero's Schoolmaster, who was a young Prince of great hope, and in youth he shewed himself gentle, tractable, obeying his Schoolmasters instructions, who delighted to manure this plant, hoping all the world should have joy of him.

He had an excellent memory.

He was too covetous, which caused his death.

Seneca the Tragick Poet.

This and the former Seneca and Lucan the Poet were born at Corduba in Spain. Quem nul Graecorum majestate in­feriorem ex­istimo: cultu verò ac nitore etiam Euripide majorem. Scal. Hypercrit. cap. 1.

Duosque Senecas, unicumque Lucanum.
Facunda loquitur Corduba.
Mart. Epig. l. 1. Ep. 29.

Sixtus Senensis. Vir plurimae lectionis, & qui plurima aliorum script. evoluit, tum eorum impri­mis, qui ea tra­cta [...]nt, quae ipse ea professo tractat. Rainol. de lib. Apoc.

He is commended by Bellarmine, l. 1. De verbo Dei for a singular Divine, and by D r Stapleton Doct. Princ. for one writing most accurately of the Scripture.

Doctissimus & sagacissimus veterum Scriptorum Censor. Savil. Not. in Chrysost.

Vir doctissimus, prodigiosae lectionis & industriae. Montac. Exercit. 5. sect. 4.

Immensi laboris scriptor, diligentiae stupendae, lectionis variae, & eruditionis admi­randae. Id. Exercit. 5. c. 3.

Dan. Sennertus, a learned Physician.

There are his

Institutiones Medicinae.

Jo. Genes. Sepuluenda Homo Grae­ce, Latinéque doctus, & Phi­losophicis studiis clarus, quod eruditae ejus lucubrationes editae testantur. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 54. Cordubensis, A grave learned Historian, sometimes Chro­nicler to Charles the fifth.

Nic. Serarius a good Hebrician.

Hebraearum antiquitatum callentissimus vir, utinam paulò modestior. Montac. Ex­ercit. 3. sect. 2.

He hath written a Commentary on Joshua, Judges, Ruth, Esther, the books of the Kings and Chronicles, the Canonical Epistles.

Opuscula Theologica.

Prolegomena in universa Biblia.

Disputatio de loco Paradisi.

Baronius call'd him Ecclesiae Germaniae jubar.

Servius, a most learned Grammarian. Virclarissimus & excellentissi­mus D. D. Au­relius Severinus, Anatomes & Chirurgiae in Gymnasio Neapolitano Professor eximius Museum Wormianum.

[Page 324]He hath commented excellently on Virgil.

Sulpitius Vir erat do­ctrina & sapi entia pluri­mum pollens; Sc [...]iptor valdè pol [...]us. Di­ctione u [...]itur adeò [...]eria & eleganti ut Ecclesiasticorum purissimus Scriptor, à Josepho Scaligero vocetur. Whear. Meth. leg. Hist. parte 1 a. Sect. 3 2. Severus, after Tertullian, of the same standing with Augustine, Epi­phanius and Chrysostom, a Writer for skill in the Persian story, deserving great commendation, and to the true understanding of Ezra, and Nehemiah, and Daniels Weeks, bringeth such light, as is not in any ancient Writer that I have read to be found the like. Livelies Chronology of the Persian Monarchy.

Robert Sheringham. Vir Cl. Ro­bertus Shering­hamus Canta­brigiensis Codicem Talmudicum Jomam dictum Latinè transtulit: Commentariis sanè eruditis illum illu­strans. Seld. De Syned. lib. 3. cap. 11.

He hath put out a Thalmudical book of Sacrifices.

D r Richard Sibbes, a grave and solid Divine.

Famous for his piety, learning, devotion, and politenesse of his two genuine writings, The bruised Reed, and Souls Conflict.

Sir Philip Sidney, a learned Gentleman, and of Oxford.

He married the sole daughter and heir of that worthy Statesman Sir Francis Wal­singham.

Of whom I may say, as Austen did of Homer, that he is very sweet and delight­full even in his vanities. Yet he was not so fond of his Arcadia as the Bishop Helio­dorus of his amorous book, for he desired when he died (having first consulted with a Minister about it) to have had it suppressed.

Lipsius dedicates to him his Dialogue De Recta Pronunciatione Latinae Linguae, and hath this passage in his Epistle, O Britanniae tuae clarum sidus, cui certatim lucem affun­dunt virtus, Musa, Gratia, Fortuna.

Sigebertus Monachus Gemblacensis Natione Gallicus, Anno Dom. 1100.1056. Helv. Chron.

Sigebert Monk of Gemblaux wrote his Chronicle and other Histories in the se­venth Age.

Vir antiqui­tarum Italiae peritissimus Bod. De Repub. l. 1. c. 10. Bononiae Latinae linguae professor, eloquentiae & eruditionis singularis, plurima scripsit. Gesner. Biblioth. Cerrè & Carolus Sigonius literis Ebraicis nimium alienus, utcunque vir aliàs doctissimus, plurima Galatini verba, velut è Talmudistis, tacito ejus nomine in sua lingua describens phrasinque non mutans. Selden. De Syned. l. 3. c. 12. Carolus Sigonius, a most accurate Writer.

Erroribus Livii exhauriendis bonam fidelemque navavit operam vir eruditissimus Carolus Sigonius: quem ego: & antiquitatis peritissimum, & bonorum scriptorum intelligentissimum, & eruditissimum nominare merito possum. Turneb. Advers. lib. 11. cap. 18.

Silius Italicus. Vossius De Poetis Latinis, c. 3. gives the reason why he was cal­led Italicus. Vir gravissi­mus, Consul Romanus, ejus reipublicae. quam Consiliis tutatus erat, gloriam versibus editis propagate non erubuit. Grot. Praefat. ad Poemata. Vide Vossium De Historicis Latinis. l. 1. c. 29. Fuit hic Poeta excellens, Virgilii aemulus, ut ex opere illo De Bello Punico secundo animadvertas Biblioth. Hisp. Tom. 2.

Jacobus Silvius, a learned man and great Physician, but very covetous.

Buchanan made these Verses of him,

Silvius hic situs est, gratis qui nil dedit unquam,
Mortuus & gratis quod legis ista, dolet.

Jos Simlerus.

Vir non mi­nus pietate quàm erudi­tione prae­stans. Humfr. De Jesuit. part. 2. De Pat. rat. 4 ta. Petro Martyri successor in Schola Tigurina datus, stylum praecipuè in Samosetanos, Arianos, Nestorianos, Eutychianos, Macedonianos, &c. in Polonia Tritheitas strinxit, aliis scientiis egregiè instructus, ac praecipuè Mathematicis quas & per se percepit, & summâ cum laude diu professus est, & instrumentis ingeniosissimè à se excogitatis illustra­vit. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 62. Fuit hic vir non solùm Theologus, sed & aliarum artium, quae Theologiae an­cillantur, apprimè peritus: imprimis Mathematum, & quidem, quod mireris, eas ipsas scientias, tot tantisque dif­facultatibus obseptas: ut indè, quòd sine praeceptore percipi nequeant, [...] sunt dicta, ipse suo ferè, ut aiunt, Marte didicit. Melch. Ad. in ejus vita.He expounded the Scriptures with a great commendation in his own Countrey. De Republica Helvetiorum, praecipuam laudem meretur. Melchior Adam.

[Page 325] Voetius much commends his Epitome Bibliothecae Gesneri cum supplemento usque ad annum 1570, quo studiosi (saith he) carere non possunt. Voet. Biblioth: Studiosi Theol. l. 2.

There is in Oxford and Sion Library an Edition of Gesners Bibliotheca, viz. 1583. wherein there is the Appendix both of Simlerus and Johannes Jacobus Frisius. In the Title are these words, Opus non Bibliothecis tantum publicis privatísve instituen­dis necessarium, sed studiosis omnibus cujuscunque artis aut scientiae, ad studia melius formanda utilissimum.

Simonides, An ancient Greek Poet.

There are his

Carmen Gr. & Elogia de vanitate vitae.

Simplicius.

The Prince of Philosophers in his time.

These of his Works are published,

A Commentary on Aristotles Predicaments.

And on other Books of his.

And on Epictetus his Enchiridion.

Gabriel Sionita, A great Linguist. Ex Maronitis Libani montis linguarum O­rientalium in­terpretatione jam Clarus. Gassend. De [...]ita Peireskii. lib. 3.

There is his

Geographia Nubiensis, ex Arabico in Latinum versa.

Jacobus Sirmondus, a Learned French Jesuite.

There is his Doctissimus ac diligentissi­mus Jesuita. Dallaeus. Natione Gal­lus, Rector olim Collegii Parisiensis, vir totius antiquitatis curiosus investigator, & Latinè Graeceque impensè doctus, & in omni penè litterarum genere excultissimus, qui Humaniores Literas Theologicas admodum decorè conjunxit. Bibliotheca Societ. Jesu A Philippo Alegambe edita.

Eucharisticon, pro Adventoria de Regionibus & Ecclesiis suburbiciariis.

Censura conjecturae Anon. Scriptoris de suburbicariis regionibus & Ecclesiis.

Propempticum Cl. Salmasio, adversum ejus Eucharisticon.

And other Works.

Jo. Sleidanus. Joannes Slei­danus à patriâ suâ, quae in Belgio est, cog­nominatus, anno 1506. in lucem prodiit. Sui seculi Historicus facile princeps, obiit Argentinae ex Epidemico morbo, anno salutis 1556. Boissardi Icones. De quatuor Monarchiis libellus elegantissimus eodem authore habetur publice. Id, ibid. Bonus imprimis scriptor Joannes Sleidanus, cujus fidem spectatam & gravitatem suspiciendam mecum alii noverunt. Hum­fred. Jesuit. part 2. De Concil. Joannes à patria Sleidanus cognominatus. Aeternum illius laborum testimonium est historia illa de reipublicae & religionis in Germania statu ab initio instaurati à Luthero Christianismi diligentis­simè viginti quinque libris verissimè simul & elegantissimè perscripta, adjecto etiam de quatuor Monarchiis eru­ditissimo Commentario. Bez. Icon. Vir. Illust. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 17.

He hath by his Commentary of the state of Religion got himself a great reputa­tion, it being translated into divers Languages, Germane, French and Italian. The Latine is very elegant.

There are Orations 2.

De quatuor Imperiis.

De Capta Buda.

[Page 326] Henricus Smetius.

Vertit ado­lescens Pho­cyclidis & Pythagorae carmina, cum Batrachomyomachia Homeri. Melch. Adam. in ejus vita.He was learned in many Languages and Arts, but especially in Philosophy, Hi­story and Physick.

His Prosodia Nova was much liked, and printed nine times, Hoc opus ejus majore studio quam judicio collectum est. Scriv. Animadvers. in Mart. l. 6.

Erasmus Schmidt. Clarissimus vir Du. M. Erasmus Schmidt, Grae­cae linguae & Mathematicarum Disciplinarum Wittebergae Professor laudatissimus, Praeceptor & hospes olim meus etiamnum honorandus. Crines. Discursus De Confusione Linguarum. c. 9.

There is a Greek Concordance of his published, and a little Book De Dialectis Graecorum.

Miles Smith Bishop of Glocester, and one of the Translators of the Bible.

There are Learned Sermons of his.

Sir Thomas Smith Secretary to Queen Elizabeth.

He hath published these Works,

De recta linguae Gr. pronunciatione.

See Sir Tho­mas Cheek. Anno 1546. De recta linguae Anglicae scriptione.

De Republica Anglorum.

Rodolphus Snellus, a most excellent Mathematician.

He was Professour of the Mathematicks in Holland his own Countrey.

He was most skilfull in Greek and Hebrew.

His Works are mentioned by Melchior Adam in his Life.

Willebord. Snellius Quem Ke­plerus meritò censuit subtilissimum Mathematicorum. Gassend. De vita Peireskii. l. 4. Son to Rodolphus.

He ha [...]h put out

Cyclometricus.

Doctrinae Triangulorum Canonicae. lib. 4.

Hassiacae observat. Coeli & Syderum.

Fuit vir pius, doctus, & va­riis donis, prae­cipuè facundia admirandâ praeditus, adeò ut verba faciens, omnium in se oculos & animos converterit: auditores quasi attonitos reddiderit, ac plerum (que) satis prolixas habens conciones, auditorium tamen sine tedio detinuerit attentissimum. Melch. Ad. in ejus vit. Erhardus Snepsius, Anno Christi 1495.

His mother being a pious woman, consecrated this her eldest Sonne (as Hanna [...] Samuel) to God and Divinity.

Theodoricus Snepsius, Anno Dom. 1586.

Fuit hic The­ologus de Ger­manis minimè postremus do­ctus, disertus, in concionibus fervidus: acer in reprehendendo, suavis in consolando: gravis in verbis vitaque tota: liberalis in pauperes & egenos: humanus erga omnes: cujus domus asylum quasi fuit afflictorum ac miserorum. In officio ad eò fuit adsiduus, ut ad centena & decem horarum millia, docendo, commentando, disputando, aliisque sui officii negot [...]is consumsisse visus sit. Melchior. Adam in ejus vita.His Comentaries upon the Prophet Esay are mole parvi, eruditione magni. Other Works of his are also published,

In 44. postremos Psal. Davidis.

CHAP. XIV.

LAelius Socinus Senensis natus. Anno 1525.

Calvin in his Epistles writes to one Lelius Sozinus an Italian (who seem­ed to doubt of the Resurrection of the body) I suppose it is the same Laelius Socinus. Fuit nobili honestaque familia natus: bene Graece & Hebraice doctus; vitaeque etiam externae inculpatae: quarum rerum causa mihi quoque intercesserat cum illo non vulgaris amicitia; sed homo fuit plenus diversarum haeresium: quas tamen mihi nunquam proponebat, nisi disputandi causa, & semper interrogans, quasi cuperet doceri. Boxhorn. Hist. univers. p. 72, 73.

He carried the matter with such a cleanly conveyance, that he was scarce taken notice of, though he received some checks and admonitions, yet most men thought charitably of him, during his life, his black designs were not fully discovered till af­ter his death.

Faustus Socinus the Nephew of Laelius was born in the year 1529. What Socinus positions were, See M. [...]atak. vindicat. of Wottons De­fence, p. 47, 48. Juris scientia admodum in­claruit. Quem­admodum quae ab ipso edita satis possunt testari. Ille aliquando rogatus, cur minus post conjugium quam ante ille libris litterisque incumberet; respondit: Quia uxorem duxi: Dicentique, etiam Socrates uxoratas fuit, cur non & ille Philosophiae studia alpernatus. Xantippe, ait, morosa erat & deformis: mea autem proba est & forma de­centi. Boxhorn. Monum. Illust. Vir. & Elog. He had more subtilty then learning.

He wrote a Book about the Authority of the Scripture, in which he doth slily pervert the Scriptures, and lay a ground for all his heretical blasphemies.

Marianus Socinus a learned Lawyer.

Several Works of his are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue.

Socrates Scholasticus, Anno Dom. 440.

He wrote from the time of Constantine the Great Emperour unto the Empire of Theodosius the younger, a Volume of Ecclesiastical History, and an Epitome of the affairs of Rome. Whear. Method leg. Hist. part. 1. Sect. 34. Nihil omnino habet quod non ex Plinio hauserit. Ex omnibus e­nim Plinii libris quod­cunque potuit, convertit, & in suum istud compendium congessit. Salmas. Prolegom. in Solinum. Vide plura ibid. Librum edidit ex variis Scriptoribus collectum: quem cùm priùs Collectanea rerum memorabilium vocasset, po­stea Polyhistorem inscribere maluit. Non pauca verò selegit judicio non ita magno: unde levissimum scriptorem vo­cari video à Scaligero in Eusebianis Animadversionibus. Non dedignati tamen eum lectione, & mentione suâ, è Grammaticis Macrobius, Servius, Priscianus, è SS. Patribus, Hieronymus, Ambrosius, Augustinus. Quia tam multa ex Plinio exscribit, ut etiam [...]liniana simia dici meruerit; Plinii eum aetate vixisse, ac propterea e [...]s, per quem magnopere profuisset, nusquam meminisse Joannis Camertis, & aliorum, suspicio est. Voss. De Histor Lat. lib. 3. pag. 646, 647.

Socrates, Theodoret and Sozomen composed a History, Epiphanius Scholasticus translated these three into Latine ( Aurelius Cassiodore requiring it) and called the whole Book from these three Historians, The Tripartite History.

C. Julius Solinus Polyhist. Anno Dom. 68. Helv.

Julius Solinus Plinii simiolus, vel verius Compilator. Lud. Viv. de tradend. Disc. lib. 4.

Georgius Sohnius, George Sohn Doctor of Divinity in Heildeberg. Anno Dom. 1551. Linguarum in eo cognitio fuit magna: major artium liberalium ac Philosophiae, sacrarum autem literarum atque historiarum longè maxima; eaque singulari pietate exornata. Libros edidit non quidem multos, sed politissimos illos & lectissimos: ut sunt De verbo Dei & ejus tractatione libri duo, in quibus de verbo Dei non scripto, de Scri­pturae versionibus, de interpretatione ejusdem Scholasticâ & Ecclesiastica; de methodo Theologiae, & disputatio­nibus Theologicis agitur: cui addita in fine methodica delineatio universae Theologiae. Multa opera posthuma etiam illius eduntur. Melch. Adam. in ejus vita.

Sophocles, Anno Dom. 3486. Fabulas fe­cit 123. ac vi­cies quater victoriam retulit. Vossius De Poetis Graecis, cap. 4.

[Page 328]How much Virgil esteemed him, he shews sufficiently in his Eclogues, ‘Solo Sophocleo tua carmina digna Cothurno.’

Tully in his second Book De Divinatione, cals him a Divine Poet.

D [...]minicus Soto, Dominicus Sotus vir do­ctissimus & pius valde qui Carolo 5 to Im­peratori à sacris confessionibus fuit, & Concilio Tridentino interfuit. Bellarm. De Script. Eccles. Dominicus Soto magnus ille Theologus, qui Caesari fuerat à sacris Concionibus. Godwinus De Praesulibus Ang. Comment. A Spanish Divine of great fame.

None of those Divines (who were at the Councel of Trent) were more learned then those three of Spain Andradius, Vega, Dominicus à Soto.

Hermias Sozomen.

He lived under Theodosius the younger, and dedicates his Ecclesiastical History, consisting of nine Books to him.

Frederick Spanheme, a learned and pious Divine.

His Dubia Evangelica, Chamierus contractus, exercitationes de gratia universali, his Epistle to Buchanan of the English Controversies, and to Cottierus of the re­conciliation of Universal Grace, shew his great abilities.

Aelius Spartianus. He lived in the time of Diocletian.

There is his History of divers Emperours before his time.

Sir Henry Spelman, Insignis & acutissimus Antiquitatum Britannica­rum explora­tor D. Duck. De Author Juris Civilis Romanorum. l. 2. c. 8. Sed de isto, & aliis, malo adiri eruditum Spelmanni glossarium: quod hactenus dimidiatum, utinam aliquando, modo supersit, integrum publici faciat juris. Vossius l. 2. De vitiis Sermonis. c. 9. Eruditissimus & nobilissimus antiquitatum scrutator Henricus Spelman Eques Anglo Britannus amicus noster honorandus. Olai Wormii Literature Danica. c. 1. a learned and painfull Antiquary.

De prisca literatura bene meritus. Olaus Wormius.

His Book De Conciliis is well-liked, and for our English Ecclesiastical Antiquities held the best.

Edmund Spencer, Edmundus Spencer, Lon­dinensis, Anglicorum Poetarum nostri saeculi facile princeps, quod ejus Poemata faventibus musis, & victuro genio conscripta comprobant prope Galfredum Chaucerum conditur, qui foelicissimè Poesin Anglicis literis primus illustravit. Camd. Monum Reg. heroumque Westm. condit. the Prince of Poets in his time.

His Monument stands in Westminster-Abbey, near Chaucers, with this Epitaph,

Hic prope Chaucerum
Situs est Spenserius, illi
Proximus ingenio,
Proximus ut tumulo,
Hic prope Chaucerum
Spensere Poeta Poetam
Conderis, & versu,
Quam tumulo propior,
Anglica te vivo vixit,
Plausitque Poesis;
Nunc moritura timet,
Te moriente, mori.

He wrote many Poems in English which are printed together in one Volume.

He wrote a Book also of the State of Ireland, and a Dialogue in prose between Eudoxus and Irenaeus.

Ad. Spigelius, a learned Physician.

There are these Works of his

De humani corporis fabrica.

Isagoge in rem herbariam.

De formato foetu cum figuris & arthritide.

[Page 329] Jo. Stadius, A great Mathematician. In L. Annaes Flori Historiae Romanae Epitomen egregium Commentarium post in Joannem Camertem, scripsit. Omni ferè doctrina liberali imbutus, Mathematicis porissimùm excelluit, ut vix parem in ea arte aetas nostra tulerit. In contubernio Roberti à Bergis Eburonum Praesulis & Principis versatus, Tabulas, exemplo Alphonsi cognomento sapientis Hispanorum Regis, conscripsit inscripsitque Bergenses. Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgica.

Sir William Stamford.

Sometimes of Grayes Inne, a man excellently learned in the Common-Laws.

He wrote a Book in the Common-Law of the Pleas of the Crown, and the Pre­rogative of the King. Sir Edw. Cooks Pref. to his tenth Rep.

Richard Stanihurst, a learned Irish Papist, bred up in the University of Oxford.

His Works are these,

Catena Dialectica in Porphyrianas institutiones, Commentari­os in Porphyri­um tuos singu­lari judicio di­ligentia (que) ela­boratos, legi sanè cupidissi­mè, mirisicê. que laetatus sum, esse ado­lescentem in Academiâ no­stra tali fami­lia, eruditione, probitate, cujus extrema pueriria cum multis laudabili maturitate viris certare possit. Camp. Epist. 2. which he wrote in Oxford, and published when he was eighteen years old.

De rebus Hibernicis, l. 4.

A Description of Ireland in English.

Hebdomada Mariana.

Hebdomada Eucharistica.

Virgil in English.

And Praemonitio pro Concertatione cum Jacobo Usserio.

He was brother to Bishop Vshers mother.

Thomas Stepleton, Iracundus ille senex Stapleto­nus nostras. Montac. Exer­cit. 3. Sect. 4. Stapletonus nostras Owigensis, inter Theologos tam illustris ut vel Bellarmino palma [...] praeripere possit. Montac. Orig. Eccles. Tom. prior. parte posteriore. In omni melioris doctrinae genere tantam consecutus est perfectionem, ut inter eruditissimos aetatis suae viros non immeritò esset numerandus. Ant. Sand. De Script. Fland. lib. 3. a learned Englishman. The famous Professor of the Univer­sity of Lovain. He died Anno Dom. 1598.

His Relectio Principiorum fidei doctrinalium, is much commended.

Papin. Extant quinque Sylva­rum libri, ex quibus & vehemens in eo poematis genere illius, ac penè ex temporale ingenium percipere possitis. Lilii Gyrald. De Poet. Histor. Dial. 4. Vide Polit. Praefat. in Statii Sylvas. Statius, a good Poet.

Doctor Josuah Stegman.

He usually cals the Socinians, Photinians, and therefore entitles his own book Photinianismus.

Didacus Stella. Qui inter se­culi sui Con­cionatores ferè omnibus prae­luxit. Morton. Antidoticontra merit.

John Ferus and he were two of the most famous Popish Preachers.

Aug. Steuchus Eugubinus a good Grecian.

His Works are in two Volumes in Sion Colledge Catalogue.

Godeschalcus Stewichius.

He hath written

De particulis Linguae Latinae.

Henricus Stephanus.

There were four Stevens Frenchmen, Henry the Father, and Robert his Sonne, thirdly Henry Roberts Son, and Paul the Sonne of that Henry, all learned, and Printers.

Robert Stevens the Printer at Paris.

Secundum Aldum Manutium Romanum, qui Venetiis, & Joannem Frobenium, qui Basileae eandem artem summâ laude exercuerunt, clarissimus, quos ille longo spatio supergressus est, acri judicio, diligentiâ accuratâ artis ipsius elegantiâ: cui ob id non solùm Gallia, sed universus Christianus orbis plurimum debet. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 23.

He not only printed, but made excellent Works himself.

His Thesaurus linguae Latinae never had its fellow.

[Page 330] Antoine du Verdier in his Bibliotheque commends him and this Work, Dictiona­rium, seu Latinae linguae thesaurus, non singulas modo dictiones continens, sed inte­gras quoque Latine & loquendi & scribendi formulas: ex optimis quibusque Latinae linguae scriptoribus▪ Opus excusum Parisiis apud authorem, divisum in Tomos tres, anno 1542. Gesner. Biblioth.

Henry Stevens.

Henricus [...]te­phanus Roberti, cui tantum res lineraria de­bet, F. Lutetiae Parisiorum natus, qui pa­tris aemulatio­ne cum scrip­toribus Graecis edendis & castigandis sedulam operam navasset, tandem & penum amplissimum linguae Graecae de­d [...]t, desua posteraque aetate ob id optimè meritus. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. l. 120. Vide Tom. 1. l. 23.His Thesauri linguae Graecae, and his other Works, shew his great abilities.

Scaevola Samarthanus in his second Book of Epigrams, hath these Verses, In Gellii Noctes Atticas ad H. Stephanum.

Quis Stephanum esse neget Phoebi de semine cretum?
Obscuris adfert noctibus ille diem.

Henry Stevens, Roberts Son, made also the Greek Concordance.

Stephanus Stephanius. Clarissimus vir M. Stepha­nus Stephanius Historiographus Regius, & in Academia Sorana Professor publicus. Olai Wormii Monum. Dan. lib. 1.

Anno Aerae Christianae 283. Jo. Stobaeus.

There be his

Loci Communes.

Eclogae Gr. & Lat.

Sent. Gr. & Lat.

D r Thomas Stoughton, a learned and pious Divine.

There are

Sermons of his in his younger years.

His form of sound words, with the Righteous mans plea to true Happinesse.

Heavenly Conversation.

Anno Aerae Christianae 37 [...]civ. Chron. Strabo that faithfull Historian and Geographer.

He lived in the time of Augustus and Tiberius.

He hath written seventeen Books o [...] Geography, in which all Nations with their deeds, the mountains, seas, limits of all parts of the world, which came to his knowledge in his time, may be seen as in a glasse.

Walafr. Walafridus ab oculorum vitio dictus Strabo, Abbas Augiensis, annos vixit octingentos temporibus. Ludovic. Pii. Vossius De vitiis Serm. l. 1. c. 1. Strabo, Anno Dom. 840 a great Scholar.

He hath written De rebus Ecclesiasticis.

Anglo saxo Bedae consan­guineus, Albini Discipulus & Rabani notarius, vir doctissimus, tandem Abbas Augiensis, scripsit Glossam ordinariam in sacra Biblia, ex patrum Scriptis Collectam. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. Claruit Anno Christi octingentesimo quadragesimo quinto. Pantal. De Vir. Illust Germ. part. 2. Strabus Monachus Fuldensis.

Praecaeteris celebratur Glossa Ordinaria in Scripturam universam. Vossius De Poe­tis Latinis. c. 6.

He first of all collected the Glosse (which was afterward called Ordinary) upon the Bible out of the sayings of the Fathers, some afterward enlarged it by adding sentences of the Fathers.

Famianus Strada, a famous Oratour, Poet and Historian.

Natione Ita­lus. patria Romanus; artis Rhetori­cae per annes quindecem publicus Romae Magister, Orator, Historicus, Poeta tota Europa percelebris. Biblioth. Script. Societ. Jes. A [...]hilippo Alegambe edita.There are his

Orationes variae, ad facultatem Oratoriam, Historiam, Poeticam spectantes.

And his Belgick History.

[Page 331] Streso, a learned Divine.

His Meditatio Theologica de usu & abusu rationis in interpretandis & aestimandis rebus & scripturis divinis adversus Socinianos & novos Weigelianos, and his Com­ment upon some part of the Acts are commended.

Victorinus Strigelius, Anno Christi 1524.

His chief Work was his Hypomnemata in utriusque Testamenti libros, Ingenuè fate­tur se, cùm ex iis locis, ubi antea in Papa­su vixerat, pri­mum in Aca­demias S [...]xonicas venisse [...]: & Melancthonem ex puero aliquo parvo audisset quaerentem: Quid est Deus? Quid sig­nificat [...] apud Ioannem? Miratum à pueris audire: quae in Papatu magnis doctoribus essent igno [...]a. Melchior Adam which he finished a little before his death.

Codicis sacri partem maximam Commentariis, hand prolixis, sed nec infructuosis prorjus tamen, strictim illustravit. Cl. Gatakeri Cinnus c. 2.

Kyriacus Strozza, a great Philosopher.

Peter Bembus and Jacobus Sadoletus speak of him in their Epistles, Ex ejus disci­plinâ magnus proventus in­geniorum pro­diit, quo in nu­mero sunt Car­dinalis Columna, Cardinalis Vrsinus, Episcopus ex primariâ Pisarum nobilitate Gualandi de Cesena, Cardinalis Alci­atus, & innumeri alii. Papir. Masson. in ejus vita. Flaminius Nobilius in his Commentaries upon Aristotles first Book De ortu & interitu, Theo­dorus Zuingerus in Prolegom ad Polit. Arist.

Laurentia Strozza was his Sister.

Fratrem ha [...]uit Kyriacum Strozzam, nobilem Peripateticum, qui utrum sorori, an soror ipsi, meius lumen ac decus attulerit, incertum est adhuc; ita in vario landis ge­nere uterque pari inter se gloria certant. Jani Nicii Erythraei Pinacotheca.

Jo. Guliel. Stuckius Anno Dom. 1542. Reliquit inge­nii & doctri­nae suae monumenta multa, & egregia, partim Theologica, partim Philologica. Augustum & praeclarum opus, De antiquitatibus convivalibus, in quo Hebraeorum, Chaldaeorum, Graecorum, Romanorum, aliarumque Nationum an­tiqua conviviorum gen [...]a, mores, consuetudines, ritus Ceremoniasve mirâ industria non tantum explicavit; sed etiam cum iis, quae cum apud Christianos, tum apud alias gentes, à Christiano nomine alienas, in usu sunt, di­ligenter contulit. Sui maximam eo scripto admirationem excitavit in animis antiquitatum peritorum Scaligeri, Lipsii, Mercurialis, Zuuingeri, Paschalii, Freheri, Gruteri, Ruterhusii, Casauboni, Rami, & aliorum. Melchior. Adam. in ejus vita..

Casaubone Epist. 353. to Stuckius, commends his learned laborious Work, entitled Antiquitates Convivales.

De quibus omnibus omnium eruditissime doctissimus & stupendae lectionis vir Johan­nes Stuckius in explicatione doctissima in Periplum Erythraeimaris sive rubri Ariani historici Graeci & Philosophi doctissimi. Neand Geog. part. 2.

Joannes Sturmius Natione Germanus, doctrinae & eloquentiae nomine ubi­cunque bono­rum studiorum ratio habetur, celeberrimus. Gesn. Biblioth. Eloquentiae professor eximius, quam doctissimis scri­ptis illustravit. Thuan Hist. Tom. 4. l. 96., Anno Christi 1507.

He is styled by Grynaeus Christianus noster Theophrastus. See in his first Book of Epistles, ninth Epistle a comparison between them.

His Works are mentioned by Melchior Adam in his Life.

Jacobus Sturmius Vere nobi­lis & prudeus vir Jacobus Sturmius Ar­gentoratensis, qui in comitiis & aliàs Reipublicae Argentorarensis nomine Legatus missus, bonis literis excultus, earum subsidio in tanta authoritate fuit, ut praecipui Principes Imperii ejus consilio uterentur, & materiam ipso suppeditante Sleidanus suas Historias maxima ex parte conscripserit. Camer. Hor. Subcis. Centuria tertia. cap. 68.. He was born at Argentorate Anno Christi 1490.

Thuanus much commends Jacobus Sturmius Tom. 10. Hist. l. 12. and cals him the ornament of the Germane Nobility.

Tres ei virtutes praeter eximiam verecundiam praecipuè tributae sunt: orationis, do­ctrinae & prudentiae. Melch. Ad. in ejus vit.

[Page 332] Fr. Suarez.

Homo, siquid rectè judico, in Philoso­phia, (in hoc tempore connexa est Scholastica Theologia) tantae subtilitatis, ut vix quenquam habeat parem. Grot. Epist. 146. Joanni Cordesio. Natione Hispanus, patria Granatensis, nobilibus parentibus natus anno M.D.XLVIII. Fuere qui lumen Philosophiae ac Theologiae, qui Theologorum Coryphaeum & Antesignanum, qui hujus seculi in Scholasticis Gigan­tem dicerent. Nullus certè Auctorum unquam, quorum quidem opera extant, posteritatem tam numerolo volumi­num foetu locupletavit. Saepè à multis vocatum est in dubium, doctior ne esset an sanctior. Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis Jesu A Philippo Aleg [...]m be edita.His Metaphysical Disputations are much esteemed by some.

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue and Appendix.

Anno Aerae Christi 117. Illud opinor apud eruditos omnes in con­fesso esse, quod ad narrationis fidem attinet, primas deberi Suetonio, qui ut quidam non infestiviter dixit, prorsus ea libertate scripsit Caesarum vitas, qua ipsi vixerunt. Eras. Epist. l. 28. Ep. 16. Adeo tranquillè & aequaliter fluit, tebusque unicè addi­ctus orationis ornamenta non negligens, sed securus praeterit, & tamen hunc ipsum ornatum velut umbram non id agens trahit. Strad. prolus. l. 2.3. Hist. parte 2 da. Ejus historia tantopere laudatur, ut aequi rerum aestimatores ni­hil unquam accuratius ab ullo historico scriptum fateantur. Sic scribit ut nec dignitate cujusquam, nec vitiis, nec ulla omnino perturbatione commoveri videatur. Bodin. Meth. Hist c. 4. Vide plura ibid. C. Suetonius Tranquillus, a very faithfull Historian.

He lived in the times of Trajan and Hadrian.

Auctor Emendatissimus & Candidissimus, & cui familiare sit, amare brevitatem. Voss. De Histor. Lat. l. 1. c. 31. ex Vopisco.

Suidas, Anno Dom. 1250.

Nullius judi­cii rapsodus: doctrinae me­dioctis. qui collatis vel corrasis undique laciniis, farraginem illam suam, tanquam centonem consarcinavit. Montac. Apparat. 8. Suidae tribuitur Lexicon quod tamen multis auctariis à variis posterioribus est cumulatum, felicitate Lexicographis perpetua. Nam etiam Ambrosii Calepini Dictionarium, quod ab autore editum erat valde jejunum & aridum, nunc accessionibus subinde factis, & Calepino semper tributis, clarum reddit auctorem. Raynandi erotem. De malis ac bonis libris Partit. 1. erot. 10. Vide idem fere apud Lil. Gyrald. de Poet. Hist. Dial. 4. & Jacob. Fris. Biblioth. Philos. Nihil facilius fuerit, quam eum auctorem infinitis quibus scatet mendis liberare: quod tamen miror nequivisse videre virum eruditum ejus interpretem, cui, quum Suidas saepissime integras Laertii paginas describat, nunquam potuit hoc subolere: quod sane miror. Casaub. not. ad Diog. Laert. E Scholiis Aristophanis, ut & ex aliis Gramma­ticorum promtuariis in acervum suum infinita congessit. Herald. Animad. Ad Arnob. l. 3. Erat Suidas non admodum vetustissimus Grammaticus, nullius judicii, doctrinae au­tem mediocris. Montac. Exercit. 7. Sect. 1.

Matthew Sutlive, a great Writer of our own, who hath written many things against the Papists in Latine and English. Most of his Works are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue.

Some commend that Book of his styled,

The Practise, Proceedings and Laws of Arms, described out of the doings of most valiant and expert Captains.

P [...]imus Da­niae historicus Voss. De Vitiis Sermonis, l. 3. c. 37. Eman. Suyvo.

Fran. Swertius, a learned Writer.

There are his

Athenae B [...]lgicae.

Liberatae urbis deliciae.

Epitaphia Joco-scria.

12 Caesarum Imagines & Historica narratio.

Rogerus Rogerus Swinsete, cor­ruptè Swicetus dictus, Oxonii inter Merto­nenses sophi­stas tam eximiè clarus videbatur quam sub Edwardo tertio illius seculi vel ratio vel felicitas quicquam reddere potue­rat. Balcus De Script. Britan. Joannes Duns Scotus, qui fuit lima veritatis: & Suisset calculator, qui pene modum excessit ingenii humani. Qui Ockam praeteriisti: cujus ingenium ingenia omnia vetera subvertit: nova ad invictas insanias, ob in comprehensibiles subtilitates fabricavit, atque conformavit. Jul. Scalig. De Sultil. Ad Cardanum Exercit. 324. Cui ti [...]ulus Sapientum census. Quoy doncques sera il dit que Scaliger & Cardan, les deux plus grand personnages du dernier siecle, s' accordent en vu scul poinct, qui concerne les loüanges de Richard Suisset, autrement nominé Calculator, pour le mettre au rang des dix plus grands es'prits qui ayent jamais estè, sans que nous puissions trouuer ses oeures dans toutes les plus fameuses Bibliotheques? Aduis pour Dresser une Bibliotheque Par Naudè. Swinset, or Suisset, a famous English School-Divine, of Merton Colledge in Oxford, Anno Dom. 1350.

Baleus reckons up his Works. Some of them are mentioned in Oxford Ca­talogue.

[Page 333] Hic scripsit Ephemeridas in arte Cabalistica, & calculationes Astronomicas ad­mirandae perfectionis. Wolf. Lect. Memorab. Tomo 10.

Caspar Schwenckfeldius, an Heretick. Pro sacro ver­bi diuini my­sterio Enthusi­asmum, ac ne­scio quem di­vinum motum somniavit. Dogma ejus longè la [...]éque deinde disseminatum in Germania, multos passim ex equestri & plebeio ordine s [...]ctatores habuit Caeteroquin corporis dignitate ac vitae sanctimonia vir gravis, & venerabilis. Scripsit de Religione supra octuaginta libros Germanice, tandem obiit senex in Suevia, anno 1561. Boissardi Icones.

These Works of his are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue,

Stirpium & Fossilium Silesiae Catalogus.

Thesaurus Pharmaceuticus.

Therio trophaeum Silesiae.

Frid. Sylburgius. He helped Henry Stevens much in his Treasure of the Greek Tongue. Quàm pluri­ma veterum, praesertim Graecorum, scripta partim jam edita, denuò recog­nita, ac variis lectionibus, notis indicibusque illustravit, partim primùm ipse summâ curâ adhibita publicavit. Thuan. Hist. tomo quinto, l. 117. parte prima.

Vir Graecè doctissimus. Meibomii Maecenas, c. 26.

Fuit vere vir eximius, humilis, industriae incredibilis, candidus & apertus. Melch. Ad. in ejus vita.

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Symmachus. Symmachus al­ter sacras lite­ras transtulit, sed ita ut non verbum verbo, uti Aquila, redderet; verùm sententiam poriùs exprimere laboratet. Voss. De Arte Grammatica, l. 1. c. 31.

He is eloquent in his Epistles. Vide Camer. Medit. Hist. Cent. 3. c. 56.

That saying is often cited out of him, Servanda est tot seculis fides, & sequendi sunt nobis parentes, qui sequuti sunt feliciter suos. Epist. l. 10. Ep. 54.

Michael Syncellus, Anno Dom. 890.

There is of his

Libellus de vita Ignatii Patriarchae Constantinopolitani Gr. & Lat.

Synesius Cyreneus, Anno Dom. 410. Anno Aerae Christianae 393. Helv. Chron. Synesius è Fen­tapoli Africae ortus Cyrenes Episcopus fuit. Philosophus primò, & deinde Christianus. Extant ejus libri Graeci varii partim post conversionem ab illo scripti, qui una cum Epistolis ejus multis in folio Parisiis excusi sunt. Dictione utitur gravi, & quae exercitatum & at­tentum lectorem requirit. Neand. Geog. part. 3.

A learned Philosopher at the first, and afterwards a worthy Father of the Church.

Synesius is a man well known among Schollers. He was made Bishop against his will, for his great fame and worth, a better Platonist then sound Christian. D r Ca­saub. of [...]nthus. ch. 3.

Gul. Symsonus.

He hath written,

De Accentibus Hebraeis.

Edward Symson likewise is a learned man, who wrote Chron. Cathol.

The End of the Fifth Book.

THE SIXTH BOOK. Of such as were Famous for ZEAL IN THE True RELIGION, Or in any Kinde of Learning.

CHAP. 1.

T

COrnelius Tacitus. Maximus prudentiae magister, Baud. Orat. In Plin. Pan. Anno Aerae Christi 99. A Tiberio usque ad Ner­vam unjus se­culi res gestas conscripsit, omnia maxi­ma, mediocria, minima studiosè persecutus est. Germanorum mores, instituta, ritus tanta diligentia perscripsit, ut [...]mi Tacito suam antiquitatem Germani acceptam ferant. Est autem Oratio Taciti mirum in modum arguta & prudentiae plena; Bu­daeus acerbè Tacitum scriptorem omnium sceleratissimum appellavit quod nonnihil adversus Christianos scripsit quae ratio fecit, opinor, ut eum Tertullianus mendacissimum, Orosius adulatorem appellaret. Bod Meth. Hist. c. 4. Acu­men contractae dictionis & subiti quidam ictus sententiarum, in quibus plus intelligendum plerunque quam legen­dum sit. Strad. prolus. l. 2. Hist. parte 2 da. Quis illo verius narrat, aut brevius? quis narrando magis docet, in moribus quid est, quod non tangat? in affectibus quid non reveler? mirabilis omnino scriptor, & qui serio hoc ip­sum agit, quod non agit. Nec enim Historia solum est, sed velut hortus & seminarium praeceptorum. Lips. not ad 1. lib. Polit. C. Cornelius Tacitus (cui perperam Publio praenomen in plerisque editionibus) ad Trajani potissimum tempora pertinet. Dictio Taciti floridior uberiorque in Historiarum est libris; pressior sicciorque in Annalibus: Interim gravis utrobique & diserta. Voss. de Histor. Lat. l. 1. c. 30. & sincerus humanarum actionum arbiter.

He hath a singular style both in respect of his words, and the con­texture and form of them.

Philippus Beroaldus Tacitum typis excusum primus Orbi dedit. Chifletii Anastasis Childerici Reg. c. 19.

His History and Annals are translated into English by S r Henry Savill.

Some preferre his History before his Annals.

[Page 336] Tadaeus Cujus tanta fuit nominis celebritas, ut ad curam ex­tra urbem vo. catus, non vi­lius, quam aureorum L. mercede in singulos dies perigrinateur. Volat. Comment. Vrban. lib. 21., seu Thadaeus, Florentinus.

He taught Physick at Bononia amplissimo honorario, and with such an opinion of all men, that he was extolled in those times for a second Galen.

His Works are mentioned by Castellanus de vitis Medicorum.

Audomarus Talaeus, Professour of Eloquence at Paris.

There are his

Rhetorica.

Praefatione Epistolae & Orationes ejusdem praelect. in Cic. Porphyr. & Arist.

Talmud. Talmud est opus doctrina­le, sive corpus doctrinae mag­num, à variis ac doctissimis quibusque Rabbinis compilatum, multiplicem omnium scien­tiarum doctri­nam conti­nens, & potis­simum Jus ci­vile ac Cano­nicum Judaeo­rum plenissi­mè ac perse­ctissimè pro­ponens, ut se­cundum illud universa gens & Synagoga Israelitica optimè felicitérque vivat. Quia verò Lex Mosis per se (ut vo­lunt) obscura & imperfecta, in Talmud dilucidè & perfectè explicatur; ideo etiam augusto legis nomine ab ipsis indigitatum est. Buxt. Recens. Oper. Talmud. Vide plura ibid. Duplex est Talmud Hierosolymitanum & Baby­lonicum: è quibus illud impuriore, hoc puriore stilo est compositum. Talmud Hierosolymitanum pro Judaeis in terra Israelis, Babylonicum pro Judaeis in Babylonia & alibi exterarum terrarum viventibus fuit consutum. Hiero­solymitani ergò minor usus fuit, postquam Judaei ferè extra terram sanctam degerunt. Alsted. Eucyclop. l. 32. c. 10. Talmud Babylonicum dividitur in Misua tanquam textum authenticum, & in Gemara seu Commentarium. Anno Christi 500. Talmud istud Babylonicum fuit obsignatum. Id. ib. Mischna Thalmudis Babylonii pars est potior, & antiquior, & à Rabbi Jebuda ex doctioribus Rabbinis paullo ante annum Christi ducentesimum constructa est: Gemara est altera Talmudis pars; quâ ea, quae difficilia sunt in libro Mischnoioth, deciduntur. Haec congesta est ex sequentium Rabbinorum Commentariis, ac demum absoluta circa annum Christi quingentesimum. Vossius De Arte Grammatica. l. 1. c. 31. Anno 505. absolutum est Talmud Babylonicum nempe ea pars, quam appel­lant Gemara, 100. circiter annis post Talmud Hierosolymitanum. Geneb. Chron. l. 3. Novum est quod molior ostendere nempe cognitionem Talmudis, Thalmudicorumque scriptorum ad N. T. illustrationem insignem lucem adferre. [...]oc. Praefat. ad Tit. Talmud.

As if you should say Doctrinale, in which the Jews have made as it were their Canon Law, and their Divinity out of the sentences and examples of their ancient Doctors, after the same manner that Peter Lombard the book of Sentences, and Gra­tian the Decrees among the Papists. That work was first begun as the Jews them­selves, Masius, Genebrard and Petrus Galatinus have recorded, within two hun­dred years from the Nativity of Christ, although it was long after finished, at least the Babylonian Talmud, for the Talmud of Jerusalem was sooner published. See Buxtorfs Bibliotheca concerning the Editions of these two Talmuds.

There are two parts of the Talmud, the Mischna containing the Text of the Talmudical Law. This came out about the year of Christ 150. This was read, explained and disputed in the Academies of Jerusalem and Babylon. Those dispu­tations and the decisions of them were called Gemara. So of the Mischna and Gemara came the Jerusalem Talmud Anno Christi 230. But the Babylonish Talmud more perfect and copious, finished about the year of Christ 500.

L'Empereur hath written a Book, which he entitleth Clavis Talmudica.

Vide Seldenum De Jure Naturali & Gentium, l. 1. c. 2. p. 34, 35.

Vir scriptis in vulgus editis celeberrimus. Boxhor. Theat. Holland. Ruardus Tapperus.

Charles the fifth Emperour, and Philip the King of Spain, sometimes the Pope himself required his pains and industry.

There are his

Opera Theologica.

Jo. Tarnovius.

A learned Lutheran, as his Exercitationes Biblicae, and Commentaries on the small Prophets shew.

Paulus Tarnovius, he hath written well on John.

Legum Doctor & Jurisperitus tota Italia celeberrimus. Publice magno auditorum conventu per triginta ferè annos docuit. Papia Ferraria, & Bononia: Ejus enim tanta fuit per totam Italiam autoritas; ut quicunque illum docentem non audiverat, vix inter doctos numerari posset. Boissardi Icones, & Boxhorn. Monum. Illust. & Vir. Elog. Scripta reliquit nonnulla, quae in hodiernum usque diem à Jurisperitis magno cum fructu leguntur: inter quae primum locum obtinent. In sexto de­c [...]etalium liber unus In Cleusenti [...]is liber unus. In Codice lib. 9. Lege de eo Trithemium. Boissard. ubi supra. Alex. Tartagnus, a learned Italian Lawyer.

[Page 337] Tatianus Alexandrinus, Anno Dom. 180. Antiquissimus Author Tatia­nus Justini Martyris disci­pulus vir prae­stantis ingenii & singularis doctrinae, ex quatuor Evangelistarum narrationibus, unum contextum Historiae, certo quodam or­dine digestum, collegit. Montac. Antidiat.

There is his

Oratio contra Gentes.

Harmonia Evang.

Fridericus Taubmanus, a learned and pious man. Anno Christ. 1565. Praecessit obi­tum ejus sig­num quoddam non contem­nendum, aut silentio invol­vendum. Visus est sibi videre propè lectum suum arcam oblongam, & in ea virum sibi similem jacentem. Cum­que initio deceptionem visus, aut inanem imaginationem putaret, elevato capite illud attentius adspexit: atque rem sese non aliter habere deprehendit. Quo viso tantum abest ut exterritus fuerit: ut hilariter aliis referret, & prae­monitionem divinam agnosceret. Cui eventus etiam nimis vere respondit. Melch. Ad. in ejus vita.

There are his

Schediasmata Poetica.

Melodaesia, sive Epulum Musaeum.

Commentariolus posthumus in Moretum incerti authoris.

His Commentary on Plautus and Virgil.

Joh. Taulerus, a Preacher of Argentine in Germany, Anno 1350. He taught openly against all mens merits, and against Invocation of Saints, Concionator Germanus, floruit ante annos 200. Docuit de gratuita Justificatione satis recté. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. lib. 18. and preached sin­cerely of our free Justification by grace.

Francis Taylor, A learned Linguist, and worthy Divine of the Assembly at Westminster. Scripsi omnia paulo acrius ac acerbius (contra quam collega meus Taylor volue­rat) plenus indignatione, & juvenili ca­lore, nondum vigesimum octavum aetatis annum tunc egressus. Bootii Praefat. ad Animadvers. Sac. He and D r Boot wrote

Examen Praefationis Morini.

In Biblia Graeca de Textus Ebraici corruptione, & Graeci authoritate.

He hath put out other Works himself.

Tractatus de Patribus Rabbi Nathan.

Pirke Aboth, Capitula Patrum, and other Works.

D r Thomas Taylor, a solid and judicious Divine.

There are divers usefull Treatises of his published,

A Comment on Titus, the twelfth Chapter of the Revelat.

A Book in Folio containing divers Tracts.

And other Treatises, mentioned in the late Catalogue of Divinity-Books.

Sir William Temple, a learned Gentleman, and great Ramist.

There is his

Analysis Logica 30 Psalmorum.

Scholia upon Ramus his Logick.

And other Works.

Jo. Temporarius, a miracle in nature, if that be true which is reported of him. Anno 1446. obiit Johannes de tempore, Caroli M. ar­miger, annos 361 natus, ut Fasciculus temporum & caeteri testantur. Pezel. Mellif. Hist. part 3. Natus annos trecentos & sex­aginta unum tandem omnibus rebus per toram Europam Commutatis, anno Christi millesimo centesimo quadra­gesimo sexto moritur, ita ut Deus Patriarcharum diuturnam vitam in hoc Johanne, ultimo seculo, nobis represen­tarit. Pantaleon de viris Illustribus Germaniae part. 2. Quidam Joannes a temporibus vel à Stampis fertur vix­isse annos 361. à tempore Caroli Magni, cujus ipse erat armiger, usque ad Ludovicum Juniorem. Geneb. Chron. lib. 4. He was made Knight by Charles the Great in the fifteenth year of his Age.

He hath written Chron. demonstrat.

Publius Terentius. Ante Chri­stum natum. 163.

Terence.

Erasmus somewhere saith thus of him, Plus est exacti judicii in una Terentianâ [Page 338] Comaediâ, (absit Nemesis dicto) quam in Plautinis omnibus.

Tully ad Atticum quotes Terence to justifie his own Latine,

Tertullian. He was born in Carthage a famous Town in Africa, Anno Dom. 200. He and Cypri­an and Arno­bius were A­fricans. Patria Car­thaginiensis, nobilitate in­signis, varia doctrina instructissimus. Calvis. Chron. Solertissimus omnium doctrinarum scrutator. Impietatis omnis rigidissimus Censor. Montac. Orig. Eccles. pag. 1. Inter Latinos Theologos multo omnium Theolo­gus, quanquam & ipse Philosophiae cum primis callens. Eras. Epist. l. 28. Epist. 8. Praeterquam quod pietatem spirant orthodoxa ejus scripta, utriusque linguae Graecae & Latinae tuit peritissimus: plurimum valuit in docen­do: disputandi, dicendi, scribendi copia & gravitate maxima fuit praeditus: quod plerique ejus libri, ac doctissi­mi illi quinque quo, contra Marcionem scripsit, & Apologeticus testantur. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. lib. 3. Au­ctor antiquitate celebris, auctoritate gravi [...], sermonis proprietate purissimus, & sententiarum nervis instructis­simus. Jun. Epist. ad Not. in lib. Tertull. De Pallio. Scripsit juvenis sub Severo opusculum de Pallio primitias operum suorum, Scholastico Afrorum Charactere, quem postea à reliquis suis scriptis abdicavit. Liber ad Scapulum sub Heligobalo scriptus. Scalig Animadvers. & in Euseb. Vide Vincent. Lir. advers. Haeres. cap. 24. August. De Haeres. pag. 252, 253, 254.

The ancientest of the Latine Fathers.

He was expert both in Greek and Latine, was a great Philosopher, Lawyer, would dispute well, was eloquent in writing.

When the Christians were vexed with wrongs, and falsly accused of the Gentiles, Tertullian taking their cause in hand, defendeth them against their persecutors, and their slanderous accusations.

Cyprian Bishop of Carthage so esteemed his writings, that he read somewhat in them every day, and called him his Master, he would say to his servant, Da Ma­gistrum, that is, Tertullian.

Jerom also commends him much in his Apologeticall Book against the Gen­tiles.

Some much commend his Apology, Heraldus and others have commented on that.

Others his Book De pallio, Junius and Salmasius have written upon that.

Libellus mole exiguus, sed dignitate grandis, ut qui maximé. Jun. in Epist. ad Not. in Tertul. lib. de Pallio.

He was a Montanist, and a Millenary.

Scis quam durus fit & asper sermo Tertulliani: Certe stridet magis, quam loqui­tur. Calv. Epist. N.S. p. 373. See in Minutius Foelix.

Tertullianus perturbatissime loquitur ut Afer. Ludov. Viv. de trad. discip. l. 3.

Testamentum Novum.

There is Testamentum Graecum cum not is Stephani, Scaligeri, Casauboni.

Testamentum Graecum Latinum interpret. Bezae.

Testamentum Novum opera Eliae Hutteri 12 Linguis.

Testamentum Novum Arabice, ex Editione Thomae Erpenii.

Testamentum Novum Syriacè sed Charactere Hebr. cum interpret. Imman. Tremellii

Testamentum Novum Graecè ex editione Rob. Stephani.

Testamentum Novum Germanicè per Mart. Lutherum.

Testamentum Novum Anglicè cum notis Rhemensibvs.

CHAP. II.

JO. Ravisius Textor was born at Nevers in France.

A certain Frenchman called Textor writeth a Book which he named Officina, Tulit haec u [...]bs Joannem R [...]vi­sum Textorent congesto Epi­therorum La­tinorum the­sauro celeberrimum. Jodoc. Sincer. Itiner. Gal. wherein he weaveth up many broken ended matters, and sets out much riff raff pelsery, trumpery, baggage and beggery ware, clampard up of one that would seem to be fitter for a shop indeed, then to write a Book. Aschams Toxophilus, pag. 26.

Themistius a wise man and great Philosopher.

All his Works are in one Volume. Quem ob sum­mam in Phi­losophiâ sci­entiam. Praeturae dignitate & infignibus decoravit Constantius Imperator, ut ex ipsius lege liquet. Cod. Theod. Leg 12. De Praet. Crakanth. De Provid.

Themistocles. Plutark writes his Life. Magnum si­quidem viri, & ad Oratoris decora natum ingenium, quem p [...]ima velut surgentis lux eloquentiae mirificum spondebat Oratorem. Nam & puer, eo tempore, quo alii inter prolectantis aetatulae blanditias lasciviunt, jam tota mente forum, & ac­cusationes, defensionesque sociorum cogitabat. Caussini Eloquent Sac. & Human. Paralel. l. 1. c. 13.

Theocritus, a famous Greek Poet. Sub Lagide & Ptolomaeo Phi­ladelpho, qui patri succes­sit Olymp. CXXIII. Anno IV. viguit Theocritus Syracusanus. Vossius De Poetis Graecis. cap. 8.

There are his

Idyllia & Epigrammata.

Theodoret Bishop of Cyrus in Syria, Anno Dom. 430.

He propounded Chrysostom as his worthy patern, in forming his style of writing, Cyri Episco­pus, vir sui sae­culi eruditissi­mus. Dallaeus. Interfuit Con­cilio Ephesino primo, An. Dom. 431. & in Concilio Chalcedonensi an. Dom. 451. Forb. Instruct Ingenio excellentissimo, & ad omnis generis disciplinas percipiendas capacissimo fuit. Illyr. Cat. Test. Verit. Cujus extant scripta Historica & Theologica. Inter cae [...]era autem opus eruditum, varium ac ferè contextum de testimoniis veterum Graecorum autorum quorum li­bri jampridem temporis injuria perietunt. Libri videlicet duodecim de Graecorum affectum sive de Idolomania Graecorum & gentium, quas ferit & jugulat proprio ense, & suis telis conficit. Neand. Geog. part. 2. and by this means he proved so fluent and eloquent, full of grace and learning in his Works. The Lives of the Primit. Fathers.

He hath written part of the Ecclesiastical History, and other Works.

Theodotio Ponticus. He hath turned the Old Testament into Greek. Sub Imperato­re Commodo, circa annum 180, postquam Circumcisus esset, Hebraeorum linguam edoctus, vertit & ipse sacras literas, sic ut cum LXX. plurimum conveniret, interque veteres ac novos medius incederet. Voss. De Arte Gram. l. 1. c. 31.

Theon, a great Mathematician.

He hath written in Greek upon Aratus, Euclide, Ptolomy. Fuit ille Ma­thematicis arribus in­structissimus; ut ex Commentariis in Almagestum apparet. Savil. Lect. in Euclid. Exercitationes Rhe­toricae, Gr. Lat.

Theophanes. Florebat & Historiam suam scribe­bat, sub initi­um novi seculi annis centum & triginta elapsis, post celebratam sextam Synodum Oecumenicam: & annis 24. post Synodum illam Nicaenam, quam septimam Oecumenicam vocant. Forbes. Instruct. Histor. Theol. l. 5. c. 17.

There are his

Hymus in Deiparam.

Oratio Gr. & Lat. ante exaltationem crucis.

[Page 340] Cujus extant libri tres valde eruditi & mu­niti multis veterum testimoniis, quibus acerrimè pugnat contra gentes, ut suo illos gladio feriat & jugulet. Neand. Geog. parte 2 d•. Theophilus Antiochenus, Anno Dom. 170.

He hath written upon the four Gospels.

Against the calumniators of the Christian Religion.

Philippus Theophrastus In Theophra­sto tam est elo­quendi nitor ille divinus, ut ex eo nomen quoque traxisse dicatur. Quintil. Instit. Orat l. 10. c. 1. Fuit ille politissimi elegantissimi & amaenissimi ingenii vir. Tullius delicias suas eum appelliravit. Casaub. ad Theoph. Charact. Proleg. Nascitur Theophrastus Anno Christi 1493. ejus Epicaedion. Conditur hic Philippus Theophrastus insignis medicinae Doctor, qui dira illa vulnera, lepram, podagram, hydropisin, aliaque innumerabilia corporis contagia mirifica arte sustulit. Neand. Geog. part. 1. Vide plura ibid.. He was so called from his divine speaking, before he was called Tyrtamus. He is the only Greek Writer of Characters.

Arte an sorte datum Theophrasti sit tibi nomen;
Nescio: divino nomen ab eloquio.
Steph. Paschas. Icon.

He was one of Aristotles own Disciples, and succeeded him in his School: much commended by him: an excellent Philosopher certainly by those Works of h [...] (not the twentieth part of what he had written) that remain to this day. D r Casaub. of Enthus. c. 3.

In D. Chryso­stomi lectione diu mu [...]tum (que) ve [...]satus rede­git in breve & apartum c [...]mpendium juxta historicam intelligentiam, quicquid admirabilis ille pater ex aureo suo ore velut ex abunda [...]issimo foure in exponendi [...] [...]cripturis sanctis effuderat, praetermissis locis communibus, in quibus ille ple­nis eloquentiae v [...]l [...]s exc [...]rere consuevit. Sixt. Senens. Biblioth. [...]anct. l. 4. Spiritum sanctum procedere à Filio tanquam principio & [...] hypostasens Spiritus [...]ancti, neg [...]t Theophylactus in cap. 3. Evang. Joan. Ab illo tem­po [...]e ma [...]sit diss [...]rsio in [...]i G [...]ae [...]os Theophylacti sententiam sequentes, & Latinos omnesque occidentales verae an­tiq [...]um Patrum doctrinae adhaerentes; p [...]aeeunte ipsa divina Scriptura, eodem illo loco Evangelii Joannis c. 15. v. 26. & c. 16.13.14, 15. Forbes. Instruct Hi [...]tor. Theol. l. 1. c. 6.Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Th [...]ophylact Archbishop of Bulgaria, Anno Dom. 930. Calvis. 912. Helv.

O [...]ers say 1070, 1071. saith Baronius.

He is the Epitomator of Chrysostom.

Andrew Thevet, An [...]re [...]s The­vetus in sua Geographia eruditissi [...] & luculentissima Gall [...]ae sc [...]ipta. Neand. Geog. part. 1. Homo nullarum literarum, nu [...]lius doctrinae, nullius judicii, denique ne communis quidem sensus satis particeps, qui per varias orbis utriusque pa [...]re [...] ci [...]comia [...]us, ac deinde historias scribere aggressus, multis etiam eruditis viris imposuit. Casaub. Praefat. ad Scalig. O [...]usc. the King of Fra [...]es Cosmographer. He hath written an uni­versal Cosmography in French in two Tomes in Royal-paper, it came forth Anno 1575. in which he doth not only rehearse what he learned from the books of others but wh [...]t he himself had seen by travelling almost over the world, and by viewing all the Seas. So that some think, there is nothing more learned, and more orderly disposed, published in that kinde. Thuanus and Casaubone slight him.

He hath written also

Les Vies d [...]s hommes illustres, the Lives of illustrious men in French, in a great Folio, with their Pourtraicts.

Suae aetatis hi­storiam sum­mo ju [...]ic [...]o & fide sine odio & gratia, ad Dei gloriam & publicam utilitatem, prudentissimè conscripsit: opus & styli elegantiâ, & gravissima­rum rerum cop [...]â ac ma estate cum quibusvis sive veterum sive recentium in eo penere scriptis conferendum. Lansii Orat. pro Gal [...]ia. Histo [...]ias meas ad Dei g [...]oriam & publicam utilitatem sine odio gratia, Deum ipsum testor & homines, conscripsi: Jacobi Augusti Thuani Testamentum. Inter multa quae in re admi [...]atura est posteritas, ego illud unice ob [...]upesco, unde tibi modò in fori arce, modò in summa republica versanti otium, unde vis indefessa animi, ut re [...] tot ac tantas aut scribendas cognosceres aut cognitas scriberes. Grot Epist. 16. Jac. Aug. Thuano. Or­bis totius Historiam ita complexus es, ut talem nemo vel ab otiosissimo homine unquam expectaverit: tanta rerum copia, tantu verborum nitor. Id. Epist. 11. Quem ego vitum divinitus datum censeo saeculo isti in exemplum pic­tatis, integritatis, probitatis. Casaub. Epist. Append. Vir immortali laude dignus & Historicae veritatis lumen Montac. Antidiat. Vi [...] non minus eruditione quam officii dignitate nobilis, & si quis alius, veri studiosus. Morton. Cau [...]a Regia. c. 3. De praeclarissimo Historiarum monumento quod saeculo impuralti, valde omnes boni te amant, ego aliter quam silendo pronunciare non possum, omnia etiam infra dignitatem verba erunt. Cum caetera tacitus admiror tum inprimis dignam summo senatore fidem, veritatem, libertatem. Baudius Cent. 1. Epist. Epist. 86. Jacobo Augusto Thuano. Herbert Thorndike, a learned Divine. His Works are commonly known.

Jac [...]bus Augustus Thuanus, a most faithfull Historian, and the chief of those of this last Age. President of the Parliament at Paris.

[Page 341]He writes a History of things done throughout the whole world from the year of Christ incarnate 1545, even to the year 1608, in a most elegant style▪

Incomparable Mounsieur De Thou. who is a glory to the Romish Synagogue it self, and whose History the most exact and excellent that ever was written by a hu­mane pen, ought alwayes to be dear to the Christian world. Sir Simonds D' Ewes his Primitive practice for preserving Truth. Sect. 16.

His History and other Works are in four Volumes in Folio.

Thucidides. Historicorum omnium qui in Graecia floruerunt longè clarissimus. He was above 400 years be­fore Christ. Qui res nec multas, nec magnas nimis scripsit, sed palmam fortasse praecipuit omnibus qui multas & magna [...]. El [...]cutione tota gravis & brevis, densus sententiis, sanus judiciis: occul [...]è ubique instruens, actiones vitamque derigens, orationibus & excursibus poene divinus. Quem quo saepius legas, plus auferas: & nunquam tamen dimitrit te sine liti. Lips. Not. ad 1. Lib. Polit. Vir ingentis Spiritus & regiae planè eloquentiae. Quippe Regum soboles erat, non minus genere sublimis, quam dictione. Demosthenes certè sua manu octies dicitur ejus Historiam descripsisse. Caussin. Eloq. Sac. & Human. Paralel l. 1. c. 16. In Thucidide, quem prae caeteris veracem existimavit an [...]iqui [...]as, plurima sunt valde digna Histori­co; quippe cui etiam tria prudentiae genera tributa sunt, civilis, bellicae, histo [...]icae. Demosthenes eum tanti fecit, & ex illo se tantum proficere putavit, ut ideo illum descripserit octies, quemadmodum tradidit. Lucianus. Cicero tan­quam prudentem rerum explicatorem commendat. Possev. Biblioth. Select. Tom. 2. l. 16. c. 7. Carolus V. Caesar potentissimus ille heros, in Castris Thucydidem, in Gallicam linguam à Claudio Massiliensi Episcopo, conversum, semper secum habu [...]t, & hunc autorem assidue magna cum voluptate legit, cumque suis intimis Consiliariis, Silva­gio, Mercurino & G [...]anuelo commendavit, atque ex iis quaerere solitus fuit, quid legissent, & quae ipse observasler, cum illis contulit. Camerar Hor. Subcisiv. cent. 3. c. 67. Nau­daeus De Studo militari. l. 1.

A most famous Historian, both for his eloquence and faithfulnesse.

The beginning, continuance and end of the Peloponnesian warre is most exactly described by Thucidides an Athenian Gentleman, the Penner thereof, who flouri­shed in that time, and saw the warre with his eyes, from the beginning to the end; yea was a chief Captain therein, a Writer for certain truth of History, and perfect reckoning of time most excellent, and of such account in the Ages following, that even the best followed him, and gave credit to him. Demosthenes the famous Ora­tour of Athens, took pains to copy out his Books eight times with his own hand, as Lucian reporteth. Livelies Chronology of the Persian Monarchy.

Multum fidei, si quis alius scriptor hic meretur. Nam & egregium veritatis in eo stu­dium elucet, & illa scripsit, quibus interfuit. Voss. De Hist. Graec. l. 1. c. 4. Vide plura ibid.

Tibullus, a most elegant Poet. Eques Roma­nus, Elegiarum Poeta nobilissimus Romae natus est, A Hircio, & L. Pansa Coss Lil. Gyrald. De Poet. Histor. Dial. 4. Antonio Mureto Tibullus cultissimus & politissimus Poeta plurimum debet, cujus ille multa incurabilia propè vulnera Paeonia Chironiaque manu sanavit. Turneb Advers. l. 29. c. 30.

Daniel Tilenus, a learned man, but inconstant, Vir quidem doctus, sed le­vissimus & desultoriae fi­dei Theologus, & qui tandem à nobis ad Ar­minianos trās­fuga defecit. he fell off from us to Armi­nianism.

He hath written Notes and Observations upon Bellarmines Disputation, De Christo Capite. And on his Book De Summo Pontifice, and his Book De verbo Dei.

Parenaesis ad Scotos.

Amica collatio Tileni & Cameronis, de Gratia & voluntatis humanae concursu. Disput. de Antichristo.

Consideratio sent. Jac. Arminii de Praedestinat. gratia Dei, & Libero Arbitrio.

Syntagma Disputationum in Academia Sedanensi.

Andreas Tiraquellus. He is styled by Conradus Ritterhusius, Varro ille Gallicus. Cum vario litterarum genere excul­tus, tum ce­leberrimus nostra aetate Jurisconsultus. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. lib. 21.

He hath written well upon Alexander ab Alexandro his Book Genialium die­rum, what Alexander hath written briefly and without mention of Authours, he hath illustrated with his Commentary, and shewed to whom he was beholding for what he had.

Jacobus Tirinus, a learned Jesuite, he hath commented on all the Scripture. Natione Bel­ga, patria An­tuerpiensis, natus anno salu [...]is M.D.LXXX. edidit Commentarium in totam Scripturam sacram veteris ac Novi Testamenti, Tomis III. Opus est calculis Chronologiae diligentissimè subductis, & variarum materiarum accu­ratis indicibus illustratum. Biblioth Script. Societ. Jesu A Philippo Alegambe Edita.

CHAP. III.

FR. Toletus, a learned Cardinal and Jesuite.

Sanctae Ro­manae Eccle­siae Cardinalis, Natione Hi­spanus, patria Cordubensis, vir suit doctissimus, & cum aliis, tum verò Philosophicis ac Theologicis Literis ornatissimus. Natus est anno M D.XXXII. & Salmanticam à primis annis cupiditate litterarum profectus, Dominicum Sotum habuit inter caeteros Doctorem, qui Toletum propter ingenii excellentiam, Prodigium appeliare consueverat. A Pio Quinto Pontifice maximo accersitus est, ut in sacro Palatio Conciona, toris munus obiret, quod tanta cum laude praestitir, ut per totos 24 annos apud [...]ium ipsum Quintum, Gregorium XIII. Sixtum Quintum, reliquosque succedentes Pontifices, maximo Cardinalium, Praelatorum, Oratorum & clarissimorum virorum concurtu verba fecerit, & auditorum animos in admirationem adduxerit, non tam verborum elegantiâ, quam sententiarum gravitate, reconditae doctrinae excellentia, ordinis dispositione, ingenii perspicuita­te ac magnitudine. Saepè auditus est dicere: malle se pauperem in Collegio, quam in apparatissimo, quod Pontifex attribucrat, palatio degere. Biblioth. Script. [...]ociet. Jes. A Philippo Alegambe Edita. Vir caeteris honestior & digni­tate praecipuus ac praecellens doctrina, omnique inter Jesuitas exceptione major. Scripsit librum De instructione Sacerdotum cui praefixa est approbatio plurimorum doctorum continentem capita Jesuiticae doctrinae. Molin. De Monarch. Temp. Pon [...]if. Rom c 4. Multa Toletus scripta edidit, multos in sacras literas eximios Commentarios conscripsit; in quibus nullum, quod sciam, doctrinae Hildebrandicae vestigium, nisi fortè leviter impressum ap­paret. Is. Casaub. ad Front. Duc. Epist. p 38. & 39. Vide plura ibid. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. l. 1.17. part. 1. Beza much commended his Commentary on John to Casaubone, as Ca­saubone relates in his Epistle to Fronto Ducaeus, and deservedly saith he, Nam in ejus scriptis quae legi, cum excellente rerum Philosophicarum & Theologicarum notitia, par erat modestia; quae judicio meo tum in alio quovis scriptore, tum in Theo­logo potissimum, laus est vel praecipua.

He hath commented also upon Luke, on the Epistle to the Romans.

And put out several other Works.

Cardinal D' Ossat in the second Book of his French Letters saith, When he per­ceived himself near death, he sent to the Pope then to desire his holy Benediction, as it is the custom of people of quality when they finde themselves in such extre­mity: and his Holinesse (saith he) without an example of the like in our time, went from his lodging to give it him in person, and stayed with him about half an hour, comforting him, and weeping bitterly, and in the end taking his leave of him, he kissed him in the forehead, and after his death, caused him to be buried with great and publick solemnity.

De sua patria concivibusque eruditis adeo benè meritus. Gassend. De vi­ta Peiresk. l. 4. Cujus nunc studiis & diligenti calamo Patavii gloria, quae multum quidem occumbente Pignorio obscurata fuerat, augustior reflorescit. Naudaeus De Studio militari. l. 2. Jacobus Philippus Thomasinus.

There are his

Elogia virorum doctorum Italiae.

And Laurentii Pignorii Bibliotheca & Musaeum.

Georgius Tompsonus.

George Thompson.

Vir egregie doctus gente Scoto-britannus mihique obtulit recens à se Londini editum libellum. Opus est sane non ineruditum, & quod arguat scriptorem multae lectionis: nisi quod supra modum modestiae effervescit, quo nomine etiam serio reprehensus est ab Heroe Scaligero. Baud. Epist. Cent. 2. Ep. 56. Vide etiam Epist. 91.

That Book is his Vindex veritatis adversus Justum Lipsium.

He hath put out another Work, entituled, La Chasse de la Beste Romaine.

Cuthbert Tonstall Bishop of Durham, Juris utriusque professor erat. De quo Moros in Epistola quadam ad Erasmum. Tonstallo (inquit) ut nemo est omnibus bonis literis instructior, nemo vita moribusque; severior, ita nemo est usquam in convictu jucundior. Baleus De Script. Britan. Cent. 9. famous in those times for Learning and in­tegrity of life.

He hath written

De veritate Corporis & Sanguinis Domini in Eucharistia.

[Page 343] De arte supputandi. Praeclara fere omnium hujus aevi hominum ingenia, in eo, tum soluta oratione, tum versibus, celebrando efferendoque, magna cum laude, versata esse dicuntur. Jani Nicii Ery­thraei Pinacotheca.

In Ethica Aristotelis Synopsis.

Torquatus Tassus, a learned Poet.

Aug. Torniellus, a learned and diligent Italian Historian. Ille aemulus industriae Ba­ronianae Mont. Apparat. 9.

There are his

Annales sacri ab orbe condito ad Christi passionem in 2 Tomes.

Levinus Torrentius.

Episcoporum superioris seculi doctissimus. Meibomii Maecenas c. 12.

He hath published a learned Commentary upon Suetonius his Caesars, Vir sacrâ libe­ralique doctri­na ad miraculum usque ex­cultus fuit, ac lyrici carminis post Horatium, vel ipsorum Italorum judi­cio, princeps habendus. Hist [...]iam Rom mirisicè illustravit, & Commentarium eruditum in Suetonii Caesares it [...]rum evulgavit. Horatium quoque insigni ac copioso Commentario ab ipso illustrarum Andreas Schottus post mortem edidit. Sand. De Gandav. erudit. Claris. lib. 2. upon Ho­race, a work De bello Turcico.

He was a great Poet, Efferant Bembos, Pontanos, Flaminios Itali, attollant cae­teri suos. Nos Torrentium, vel ipsorum Italorum judicio, Lyrici carminis post Ho­ratium principem laudemus, qui perennis perpetuique torrentis instar, sacra carmina ad extremam usque aetatem mira ubertate profudit. Aub. Mir. Elog. Belg.

Joannes Vir pro iis temporibus bene doctus. Is est, cui Laurentius Valla elegantiarum libros dicavit. Voss. De vitiis Sermonis. cap. 18. lib. 1. Tortellius.

He hath written

De Orthographia.

Dan. Praeter stu­dium pietatis, quod in eo exi­mium fuit, morum con­specta singularis sanctitas, egregia vitae integritas, mira judicii dexteritas: ingenium praestans: memoria, qualis multis non contigit: sermonis facundia tanta, ut inconcionando pares paucos habuerit. Melchior. Adam in ejus vita. Vide plura ibid. Tossanus.

He hath written upon Jeremies Lamentations, divers parts of the New Testament, and several other Works.

Synopsis de Patribus quo tempore vixerint, quantum eis deferendum, qua cautione legendi.

Paul Tossanus.

He hath written

Index in S. Biblia part. 2.

De vita & morte Joh. Buxtorfii.

Georgius Trapezuntius.

He was born in Crete, but took his name from Trapezunte a City in Cappadocia, Anno Aerae Christi 1440. Is Graecorum ferè primus Romae eo tum seculo renas­centibus lite­ris, qui Graeca feliciore stylo in Latinum verterit existimatus est, uti liquidissimè constat ex Aristotelis, sacrisque Eusebii Caesari­ensis operibus, & ex Rhetoricis praeceptis. Hermogenis Paul. Jov. Elog. Doct. Vir. De quo quidam memoriae tra­diderunt, extremo senio pressum, & morbo gravi detentum, postquam ad valetudinem redivisset, literar [...]m om­nium fuisse oblitum, neque legere auc scribere potuisse, quod ex dolore illi evenisse ferunt; propterea quòd ejus opera Pontifici maximo oblata, centum ducatis tantùm compensata fuissent. Boissardi Icones. Vide Geneb. Chron. ad an. 1431. & Seth. Calvis. ad an 1486. Quem ego senem puer docentem audivi. In extrema senecture oblitus erat omnino literarum, solusque urbem baculo nixus incedere malebat. Volat. Comment. Vrban. l. 21. because his Fathers stock came from thence, a most learned Interpreter of the Greek and Latine Tongue.

He died very old at Rome, Et literarum penitus oblitus.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard.

Walter Travers, a learned and pious Divine.

[Page 344]There are his

Vindiciae Anglicanae Ecclesiae, or, A Justification of the Religion now professed in England.

His Answer to a supplicatory Epistle of G. T. for the pretended Catholicks, written to the Right Honourable Lords of her Majesties Privy-Councel.

Lucas Trelcatius. He was Francis Junius his Colleague, and had one sonne of his own name. Obiit Anno Dom. 1607.

He was wont to call John Mercer and Peter Ramus, honoris causa his masters.

He was in England a long time and taught School.

There is his, Locorum Communium Sacr. Theol. Institut.

D. Francisci Junii Prote­stantis eximii, in translatione Bibliorum socius ac coadjutor, ex Judaeo naturali factus est Christianus Protestans, non fine Protestantium opera Laurent. Jesuit. Liberal. Immanuell Tremellius.

He hath put forth a Commentary on Hosea. A Chaldee and Syriack Gram­mer.

He professed Hebrew at Heidelberge, where he turned the Syriack Interpretation of the New Testament into Latine, and afterward with the help of Junius he tran­slated all the Old Testament out of Hebrew into Latine, and illustra [...]d it with most learned Notes.

Jac. Triglandius. There are his

Dissertatio de civili & Ecclesiastica potestate.

Meditationes in opiniones variorum de voluntate Dei & gratia universali & de sci­entia media.

Abbas Spanhei­mensis floruit circa annum 1500. Habuit pluri­ma certamina cum Mona­chis, describitque non rarò luculenter eorum scelera. Accusat sacerdotes in quadam Epistola, quod sint contemp­tores sacrarum literarum. In alia quaeritur graviter, quod non tam Christus quàm Aristoteles in suggestú praedicetur. Dicit non Philosophiam, multò minus fabulas sed Legem & Evangelium Ecclesiae Dei proponendum: sic & patres fecisse. Omnino fuit & purioris literaturae & syncerioris Theologiae, quàm multi ejus Coaetanei studiosior. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 19. Jo. Trithemius, Anno Dom. 1462. Calv. Chron.

He was a subtil Philosopher, an ingenious Mathematician, a famous Poet, a compleat Historian, a very eloquent Oratour.

He was very skilfull in Magick, Michael Rothardus in his Crux Saulitica, p. 70. tels a notable Story of him. Vide Naudaeum de Studio militari. l. 1. p. 425, 426.

He hath written

De Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis.

De viris illustribus ordinis S. Benedicti.

Epistolae familiares.

Opusc. quaedam Theologica.

And many other Works.

Mart. Trostius.

He hath put out

Novum Testamentum Syria Latinum.

Lexicon-Syriacum.

Adrianus Turnebus the King of France his Professour of Philosophy and Greek in Paris. Nunquam sa­tis laudatus vir Adrianus Tur­nebus. Unicum Galliae nostrae atque adeo totius Europae ornamentum. Scalig. conjectan. in Varron. De Lingua Lat. Fuit cum aliquando ego, qui vix tam ex ephebis exieram, de hujusmodi politioribus literis, ut fit, cum Turnebo disputatem, & cùm in quibusdam ego illi non assentirer, ipse ultro mutavit sententiam, neque gravatus sit etiam scriptis suis haec testari. Quare nemo putet me nisi omnia magna & honorifica de tanto viro & sentire & loqui. Jos. Scalig. in Varron. de Re Rustica. Injuriam fecerunt manibus eruditissimi & maximi viri qui ejus abortiva quaedam in Varronem post mortem ejus ediderunt, quibus magis traduxerunt eum quam ejus nomen commendarunt. Nam quid opus erat ea edere cum ipse ex more suo in adversaria sua tumultuaria opera infercisset? sane (ne quid amplius dicam:) indigna sunt quae tanti viri titulum praeferrent. Jos. Scalig. Append. ad conjectan. in Varronem de lingua La­tina. Adrianus Turnebus vir longe doctissimus, & Regius Professor in celeberrima Parisiorum Schola. Scripsit Ad­versariorum libros 24. opus omnigena eruditione refertum. Gesn. Biblioth. Vir omni virtutum omniumque littera­rum genere instructissimus, qui politioris initio litteraturae Graecae ac Latinae, dein Philosophiae in Schola Parisi­ensi Professor Regius plurima rarae eraditionis monumenta edidit. Thuan Hist. Tom. 2. l. 36. Adversaria quae M. Tul­lius pro Roscio nominat, videntur libelli fuisse & Commentarioli & Chartae, quae homines advertebant, & (ut ira di­cam) memoralia erant, ne res aliqua eis excideret. Turn. Advers. l. 2. c. 11.

[Page 345] Grande nostri seculi ornamentum. Thuan. Hist. Tom 2 l. 35.

He was admirable both in the Greek and Latine Languages, and in knowledge of all Antiquity, as his Books entitled Adversaria do evidently testifie.

Illa aeternitate digna Adversaria. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 36.

Vtinam non tanta brevitate in suis Adversariorum libris esset usus. Paulo enim luculentior & plenior quorundam locorum explanatio & majorem illi operi gratiam laudemque conciliasset, & lectori multo magis satisfecisset. Henr. Stephani Pseudo Cicero.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icone, saith thus of him,

Quicquid in arcano condebat avara vetustas,
Turnebus tacitis eruit è latebris.

He hath mended Plinies Preface to his Natural History by ancient Copies, and added Annotations upon it.

He hath commented also upon Horaces first Book of Verses, and upon his obscu­rer places.

Benedict. Turretine, Quod adver­sus Petri Cottoni Je­suitae plagi­ariam Gene­vam, mani­festum fecit vir dum viveret, doctissimus & accuratissimus, Benidictus Turretinus. Andr. Rivet. Apologet. pro verae Pace Eccles. a learned Frenchman.

These Books of his are published the French,

Defense de la fidelité des traductions de la S. Bible faictes à Geneve.

Recheut; du Jesuite Plagiaire.

Profit des Chastiments.

Franciscus Turrianus, Famous in Theological Antiquities, and for his skill in the Greek and Hebrew Languages. Natione Hi­spanus, vir om­ni disciplina­rum genere excellens; Philosophus, & Theologus eximius; Graecae linguae pericia, atque exquisitarum & reconditarum literarum cognitione cum paucis conferendus, curiosus Antiquitatis indagator, diligentissimus in Bibliothecis la­tentium, & cum tineis blattisque luctantium voluminum SS. Patrum, a [...]que acerrimus investigator. Biblioth. Script. Societ. Jes. à Philippo Alegambe edita. Magnus fabularum artifex; nullo aut perexiguo vel pudore vel judicio. Dallaeus De Pseudepig Apost. lib. 3. cap. 1.

Many of his Works are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue and Appendix.

Jacobus Tusanus, a singular Grecian. Vide Audo­mari Talaei Admonit. Turnebo, pag. 597. & Praefat. pag. 99, 100.

D r William Twisse, a learned Divine of our own, Subtilissimus Theologus si­mul & Philo­sophus Gulielmus Twissus in vindiciis eruditis Perkinsii contra Arminium. Spanhem. De Gratia universali Annotat. in Sect. 16. famous beyond Sea for his ex­cellent writings against the Arminians.

Vindiciae Gratiae, Potestatis ac Providentiae Dei.

Dissertatio de Scientia media contra Penottum, Suarez, &c.

Animadversiones ad Arminii Collationem cum Junio & ad Corvini defens. sententiae

Arminianae contra Tilenum.

And many English Tracts that way also.

Pontus Tyardaeus Bissianus Episcopus.

Many of his Works are mentioned by Ludovicus Jacobus.

De Claris Scriptoribus Cabiolonensibus, Hoc aeternum musarum cha­ritumque de­cus, fuit Bur­gundiae; imo & Galliae gloria, eruditionis prodigium, ac Poetarum Gallorum suâ aetate nulli secundus, etiam in linguis Hebraicis, Graecis, Latinis, Italicis & Gallicis versatissimus & politissimus. Ludov. Jacob. De Claris Scriptoribus Cabiolonensibus. and his French Works by Antoine du Ver­dier in his Bibliotheque.

I finde in Oxford Catalogue Tyard.

Discours 1587. Philosophiquez.

[Page 346] William Tyndall, an exile for his Religion, and a Martyr under Charles the fifth. Guliel. Tyndal ad multorum in Christo salutem natus, Graecè ac La­tinè peritus, eruditione, fide, ac vitae innocentia clarus, in An­glica regione primus habe­batur post Jo­annem Uvicle­vum, qui divinae veritatis contra iniquos Balamitas promoveret causam, ac populum recta erga Deum fide institue­ret. Balaeus De Script. Brit. Cent. 2.

He was brought up from a childe in the University of Oxford, where he by long continuance grew up, and increased as well in the knowledge of Tongues, and other liberal Arts, as specially in the knowledge of the Scriptures, whereunto his minde was singularly addicted: Insomuch that he lying then in Magdalen-Hall, read privily to certain Students and Fellows of Magdalen-Colledge some parcell of Di­vinity; instructing them in the knowledge and truth of the Scriptures. Whose manners also and conversation, being correspondent to the same, were such, that all they that knew him, reputed and esteemed him to be a man of most virtuous di­sposition, and of life unspotted. Fox. Act. and Monum. vol. 2. p. 361, &c.

He translated the New Testament into English, and five Books of Moses. He wrote also divers other Books, which are all published in one general Volume, as also the Works of John Frith and Barns.

He was put to death in Flanders at Filford Anno Dom. 1536. crying thus at the Stake with a fervent zeal, and a loud voice, Lord open the King of Eng­lands eyes.

He is drawn with a Bible in his hand, and this Distick,

Hac ut luce tuas dispergam Roma tenebras,
Spoute extorris ero, sponte Sacrificium.

CHAP. IV.

V

JOach Vadianus, the chiefest Cosmographer of his time.

Mathematicis artibus ac Geographiae praecipuè, quam scriptis illustravit, cognitione clarus, tum & ad extremum etiam Theologus non exigui inter suos nominis. Thuan. Hist. vol. 2. l. 8. Saepe pro cer­vicali volumine Virgilii prae grandi usus; quod in Bibliotheca Sangallensi inter libros Vadiani etiamnum adservatur. Melch. Adam in ejus vita. Qui tam foelix est in describendis regionibus, ut non scribere, sed pingere videatur.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones, and many of them in Oxford Catalogue.

Maresius orat. De salute Ari­stotelis quotes it Matthaeus Vayerius, a learned and eloquent Frenchman, but a patron of Pela­gianism.

He hath put out a French Book De virtute Ethnicorum.

Vide Riveti Apologeticum pro vera pace Eccles. p. 215, 216. Natione Hi­spanus, inter Theologos sui temporis nulli secun­dus. Clemens Octavus Pontifex Maximus illum Doctorem Doctorum appellavit. Biblioth. Scriptorum Societ. Jesu ab Ale­gambe Edita. Petrus Valadanus. P. de la Vallada, a learned French Minister.

He hath put out

Apologie pour l' Epistre de messieurs les Ministres du S. Evangile de l' Eglise de Paris.

Greg. de Valentia, a very learned Jesuite.

He hath written

A Commentary in summam Aquin. Tom. 4.

De rebus fidei controversis.

[Page 347] Apol. de Sacrificio.

A Bookseller seeing him passe by one day, said, Hic est ille, qui suis libris, sae­pius impressis, bibliopolas plures, magnas ad divitias opesque perduxit. Jani Nicii Ery­thraei Pinacotheca secunda. Vide plura ibid.

Valerius Maximus.

His History is a good Book for Themes. Dictorum fa­ctorumque me­morabilium libros 9. reliquit. Scripsit post Sciani caedem, nempe extremis Tiberii temporibus. Stylus tamen vix sapit tam bonum aevum sententias quoque nimium affectat. Voss. De Histor. Lat. lib. 1. cap. 24. In pretio habentur Valerij Maxims, lib. 9. Dictorum factorumque memorabilium, quae ex praestantissimis utriusque linguae auctoribus ad­miranda industria collegit, & singula ad certa capita virtutum & vitiorum revocavit, gravissimisque sententiis illu­stravit. Conrad. Ritterbus Epist. ad Cent. 3. Meditat. Hist. Camer.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these Verses of him,

Et brevitas, & me variè commendat acumen:
Haec Emblemata tu vermiculata putes.

Laurentius Valla. Proprietatis Latini sermonis intelligentissimus. Scriv. in Mart. He was a Senator of Rome. Equidem Val­lam plurima laude dignum arbitror, homi­nem rhetori­cum magis quam theolo­gum, qui hac diligentia sit usus in sacris literis, ut Graeca cum Latinis contulerit, cum non pauci sunt Theologi, qui nunquam universum Testamentum ordine perlegerint. Eras. Epist. l. 21. Epist. 42. Elegantiarum observantiis nemini aeque fidem ha­beo, atque Laurentio Vallensi, cui quem alium & ingenii acumine & memoriae tenacitate conferimus non habemus. Id. Epist. l. 30. Epist. 3. Vide l. 3 1. Epist. 17. Patricius Romanus, Grammaticus, Rhetor & Philosophus clarissi­mus, Theologiae Doctor, Graecae & Latinae linguae peritissimus. Vixit Anno Domini 1420, Sigismundo Im­peratore. Vixit annos L. Boxhorn. Monum. Illust. Vir. Alphonsi Regis Secretarius de lingus Latina optime meritus Anno Aerae Christi 1465. Calvis. Chron. Laurentius Valla egregiam prae se fert indolem, & verbis cum puris tum etiam propriis utitur: quae ante elegantias scripsit, ut de voluntate, minus sunt accurata, quam quae post eas. Lud. Viv. De Trad. Discip. l. 3. Vir de lingua Latinâ praeclarè meritus, etsi eum vir eruditus Ramirezius de Prado Hispanus, suis in Martialem notis audaciùs paullò audacem Grammaticum; uti & ejus libros inelegantes elegantias ap­pellet. Omnino enim illis temporibus magnus fuit, & acutus Romani sermonis Cen [...]r; qui tamen non rarò à veritatis via deffectat, idque imprimis contradicendi modo, quo vehementer laborabat; ut non temere omnino in cum jam olim dictum sit.

The Prince of Grammarians in his Age. Trithemius cals him Theologum praestan­tissimum, a most excellent Divine.

He preferring Latine eloquence before the Greek, hath composed many things for its ornament, though he was most skilfull both in the Greek and Latine Lan­guages.

Carpis majores, & te quoque, Valla, minores
Carperis, & carpis, sic tua fata ferunt.
Voss. De Construct. cap. 16.

De Latini sermonis elegantia scripsit elegantissime. Erasmus De Ratione Studii.

Quintiliani in primis admirator simul & imitator: maledecus alioquin in omnes.

One made this Distick of him being dead,

Ohe ut Valla silet, solitus qui parcere nulli est.
S [...] quaeris quid agat, nunc quoque mordet humum.
Volat. Comment.
Urban. lib. 21.

There are two witty Epigrams made of him, the one by way of censure, viz. this,

Nunc postquam manes defunctus Valla petivit,
Non audet Pluto verba Latina loqui.
Jupiter hunc Coeli dignatus honore fuisset;
Censorem linguae sed timet esse suae.

The other by way of Commendation, thus

Fatales post quam soluit Laurentius annos.
Extimuit tantum Rhetora Phito nocens.
[Page 348] Jupiter hunc sacro non dedignatus Olympo,
Facundo Maiae praeposuit genito.

There is this Elogy also of him,

Laureus Valla jacet, Romanae gloria linguae;
Primus enim docuit, qua decet arte loqui.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

Cyprian de Valera, a Spaniard, who was B. Welch of Irelands Tutor, turned Protestant, and was here in England, and carried over into Spain the Bible tran­slated into Spanish, and also Calvins Institutions, and went and dispersed them there.

He is called in Oxford Catalogue Cypriane de Valeriola; There is a Book of his there mentioned De la Missa, and others in Spanish.

Lucas Valerius.

For his admirable skill in the Mathematicks, he deserved to be called the Archi­medes of his age.

He put out a Book De centro gravitatis solidorum.

He taught the Mathematicks long in Rome, especially Geometry.

Henry Valesius.

He hath put out Notes on Ammianus Marcellinus, and on Excerpta de P [...] ­lybio.

Habet in eru­dito libro de sacra Philoso­phia multa praeclara, acu­tè, ingeniosè, nec sine diligentia in Physicis Sacra cum Philosophica conciliatione atque consensu prolata, quae sanè non obscurè ostendunt, virum hunc esse magni ingenii atque industriae, solidé (que) in plurimorum Philosophorum, praesertim Platonis, Aristotelis & Galeni scriptis versatum, ut vel hinc solummodo ipsius eximiam & multiplìcem doctrinam colligere lice­at. l. 1. c. 8. Tych. Brah De nova Stella. Vide plura ibid. Franciscus Vallesius, a most learned Spanish Philosopher.

He was Professor of Physick in Academia Complutensi.

He wrote his ten Books, in which he explains the more difficult controversies of Physick and Philosophy.

Opus [...]ruditi judicii, quamvis id Juvenis admodum scripsit, ut testatur, lib. 5. c. 6. nec animo vulgandi. Castellanus De vitis medicorum.

He wrote Commentaries upon Hippocrates his Book, De morbis populari­bus.

Upon his Aphorisms, and his Book De ratione victus inacutis.

Marcus Varro.

M. Terentius Varro, scriptor inter togatos, sine controver­sia longè do­ctissimus. Casaub. De Sa­tyr. Graec. Poes. & Rom. Sat. l. 2. c. 1. M. Varro omnium Latinorum & Graecorum doctissimus est à Tullio appellatus. Bod. Meth. hist. c. 8. Octogesimum agens annum, scripsit libros De re rustica, & ira scripsit, ut ex his videatur adhuc alacri ani­mo fuisse, & sensisse studiorum dulcedinem. Eras. Epist. l. 23. Epist. 5. Varro ille Romanus [...]lti formibus emi­nens disciplinis, & in vetustatis indagatione rimator. Arnob. Adversus gentes l. 5. Terentim Varro viz Romanorum eruditissimus; Plurimos hic libros & doctissimos composuit, peritissimus linguae Latinae, & omnis antiquitati., & rerum Graecarum, nostrarumque: plus tamen scientiae collaturus, quam eloquentiae: Quintil. Instit. Orat. l. 10. c. 1. Varro, quo nemo unquam doctior apud Graecos quidem nedum apud Latínos. Lactant. De falsa Relig. l. 1. Vide illius Elogium apud Aug. De Civit. Dei l. 6. c. 2. & 6. & Criuit. De honesta Discip. l. 10. c. 11. Doctissimus unde­cunque Varro cum pleraque alia, tum praecipuè Grammaticum hoc argumentum quatuor & viginti libris explica­verat: sex ad huc [...]icet mutilati: attamen ex numero libri superant, unde potest universae commentationis summa perspici. Rami Praefat. Grammar 4. p. 7. Publius Terentius Varro in Provincia Narbonensi natus centesimum quin­tum annum agens, Graecas literas summo studio didicit. Geneb. Chronol. l. 2.He was so esteemed for his excellent Learning, as Tully himself had a reverence to his judgement in all doubts of learning.

If his Books had remained to posterity, as by Gods providence most part of Tullies did, the Latine Tongue might have made good comparison with the Greek. Asch. Schoolmaster part. 2.

His Life was spared in civil dissentions for his incomparable Learning, Vivat Var­ro doctissimus Romanorum.

He is often styled Doctissimus Togatorum, and Romanorum doctissimus, by Seneca Consolat. ad Helv. and Quintilian. l. 10. c. 1.

[Page 349]His Etymologies are somewhat forced. Sed Varro more suo anxiè Etymologias Comminiscitur. Jos. Scaliger. Conjectan. in Varr. De Lingua Latina.

Nam Varro in Etymologiis Varro non videtur: itaque & à Quintiliano merito ridetur. Manut. Epist. l. 3. Epist. 23.

Gabriel Vasquez, the Papists most expert Schoolman. Natione Hi­spanus, vir magni ingenii, assiduae atque infinitae lectionis, & in pervestigandis atque eruendis Sanctorum Patrum reconditis sententiis summae diligentiae utroque certè ornamento virtutum & literarum ita inclaruit, ut omnium retro seculorum illustrissimis viris debuerit jure optimo annumerari. Biblioth. Script. Societ. Jesu. ab Alegambe edita. Vide plura ibid.

Franciscus Vatablus.

Regius Professor of the Hebrew Tongue in Paris. Quem Hebraei ipsi Luteriae Hebraicas literas profi­tentem admirati sunt, Christiani verò maximo cum fructu docentem audiverunt. Ejus notationes in Vetus Testamen­tum ab auditoribus ex illius praelegentis ore exceptae: nam ipse sine naturali pigritiâ, quod illi exprobratum est, sine morte praeventus, nihil omnino scripsit. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 3.

His Notes (if they be his) upon the Bible are well liked.

John Vdall a learned and pious Divine.

He hath put out a Translation of Martinius Hebrew Grammer, with a short Dictionary, and a praxis upon certain Psalms, and a Commentary on the La­mentations.

Divers Sermons of his are mentioned by Maunsell in his Catalogue of English Books.

Nic. Vedelius, a learned Writer, as his Works shew.

Rationale Theologicum.

De Deo Synagogae.

De prudentia veteris Ecclesiae.

De Arcanis Arminianismi.

Panacea Apostasiae bono constantium & lapsorum praescripta.

Andr. Vega Qui in Concilio Tri­dentino prae­clarus athleta & actor extitit. Mortoni Antidiat. contra merita cap. 6. Sect. 5. In pulvere Scholastico versatissimus. Montac. Apparat. 1., one of the learnedst at the Councel of Trent.

He hath put forth a Defence of the Councel of Trent concerning Justification.

Flavius Quem li­benter in illis sequimur quae ad militiam attinent. Naudaeus De Studio militari lib. 1. pag. 175. Vegetius.

He hath written De re militari.

Scriverius and Godeschalcus Steuuechius have put forth Animadversions on him.

Marcus Velserus, Illud Margaritum Germaniae suae. Pignor. Symb. Epistol. Epist. 13. Anno Christi 1558. Reipublicae Augustan [...] aeternum de­cus. Montacut. Antidiat. Vir illustrissi­mus & propter summam eruditionem merito suo omnibus venerabilis. Meric. Casaub. pietas. Accepi Annales ve­stros, eruditionis, elegantiae, & optimae frugis plenos. Jos. Scalig. Epist. l. 2. Epist. 143. Dictio (in historia re­rum Augustanarum) Romanam dignitatem, sine ullis ambagibus sapiens. Nihil in ea turgidum nihil laxum: si qua in re moratur, id ad rem solidè explicandam facit. Possev. Biblioth. Select. Tom. 2. l. 16. c. 48.

He going into Italy published Antiquitates Augustana, Foelix famae su [...]gentis auspicium & pium. Exinde aliis atque aliis ad unguem factis monumentis obligavit sibi rem literariam. Melch. Ad. in ejus vita.

He mentions there his several Works.

Marce Velsere. Te fortem, pium, beatum, Coelo receptum si lugeamus nefas. At publica damna publicam jacturam, nisi lugeamus quantum nefas? Tibi religio, cui tu patronus, pietas, cui tu vindex, studium boni & aequi, cui tu assertor nuper fueras certatim funus ducunt. Dicunt tuas landes uno ore modestia, candor, ingenuitas. Te Germania sidus suum sibi extinctum, Te Italia alumnum suum sibi ereptum, justissimis fletibus conqueruntur. Subeunt feretrum tuum Fama per te constantior, Honos per te, [Page 350] illustrior, virtul per te nobilior, Gloria per te solidior. Fuisti enim & tecum una fue­runt deliciae, lepores, veneres sobriae & castae eruditionis, vis doctrinae, pondus sapien­tiae, quae tu alio migrans tecum extulisti omnia. Laur. Pign. Miscella Elog. Adela­mat. &c.

Claruit sub Ju­stino juniore. Voss. De Poetis Latinis. Vide illum de Hist. Lat. l 2. c. 22. Venantius Honorius, Clementianus Fortunatus Italus, Anno Dom. 580.

One cals him Scholasticissimum.

He hath written

Upon the Lords-Prayer, and Apostles Creed.

Divers Poems.

Claud. Verderius, the great Censurer.

In multis cen­sore huic opus est Censori. Voss. De arte Gram. De Analog. l. 2. c. 24. Verderius omnes penè Auctores censoria notat virgula, vento tamen pa [...]um secun­do. Dilher. Disput. Acad. Tom. 2.The Title of his Book is,

In Auctores penè omnes censiones & correctiones.

CHAP. V.

PAulus Vergerius, Petrus Paulus P. Vergerius. Olim Papae Bibliothecari­us, & Episco­pus Justinopo­litanus ex lupo ovis & pastor gregis Domi­nici factus. Pezel. Mellific. Hist. Petrus Paulus Vergerius vir in divinis Scripturis studiosus & in secularibus literis eruditissimus, Philosophus & Rhetor celeberrimus, Graeco & Latino sermone ad profectum instructus. Trithem. De Script. Eccles. Paulus Vergerius Episcopus Justinopolitanus, cujus sedula opera Clemens VII, ac Paulus per Germaniam usi fuerant, vir magnae doctrinae, & Ferdinando regi, cujus filiam ex sacro lavacro, cum in Pannonia esset, susceperant, valde cha­rus, ne Concilio intereslet, aut Justinopolim reverteretur, à Pontifice prohibetur: unde ille primum Venetias, dein Patavium se contulit: ubi Francisci Spierae nuper in summa desperatione mortui exemplo territus, in agrum Bergo­matem secessit, atque inde ad Raetos abiit, apud quos in Telinavalle aliquanto tempore Lutheri professus, po­stremo à Christophoro Virtembergio Tubingan evocatus fuit. Thuan. Histor. Tom. 1. lib. 5. Vide etiam ejus Tom. 2. lib. 28. an eloquent Lawyer and Phlosopher.

The Bishops of Rome, Clement and Paul used his service in Germany.

He was in high favour with King Ferdinando, so much that when his daughter Katharine was born, Vergerius and George Marquesse of Bran­derburg, and John Archbishop of Lunden were her Godfathers at the Font. But after he revolted from the Bishop of Rome by a wonderfull occasion, when he was sent for to Rome from the Conference of Wormes, which was in the beginning of the year 1541.

The Pope going about to make new Cardinals, appointed him also among others. But there were some which privily whispered in his ear, that he was now through much familiarity with the Germans become a Lutherane. After that Ver­gerius had heard this by Cardinal Ginucius, unto whom the Pope had told it, he was marvellously astonished. And to the intent he might purge himself, he goeth home into his Countrey, and beginneth a book, which he entitled, against the A­postates of Germany.

And whilst to confute their Arguments, he turneth over diligently the books of his Adversaries, Sleid. Comment. l. 21. fol. 329. See more there. and pondering deeply their reasons: He feeleth himself taken and vanquished. Then casting away all hope of his Cardinalship, he goeth to his brother John Baptist Bishop of the City of Pole, and reciting the whole matter, asketh his counsel. His brother being afraid at the beginning, lamenteth his case much. But after he was perswaded by him to apply himself to the searching of the Scripture, and had considered diligently that Article of Justification, comparing the sentences together, he giveth place, and judgeth the Bishop of Romes Doctrine to be false. Whereupon they rejoyced together. And as the duty of Bishops is, began to instruct the people in Istria, and preach diligently the benefit of Christ im­ploy'd upon mankinde, and declare what works God requireth of us, to the intent they might call men again to the true Religion.

[Page 351] Jacobus Verheidenus.

That Book of his is of good use.

Effigies & Elogia Theologorum qui Romanum Antichristum praecipuè oppug­narunt.

Andreas Vesalius. Praestantiffi­mus medicus, & opere de fa­brica humani corporis edito clarissimus. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 35. Puer etiamnum mures, talpas, glires, interdum etiam canes atque feles dissecare, & intestina rimari a vebat magno omine ejus, quae in eo postea eluxit, anatomiae peritiae: quam ipse jam intermor­tuam in lucem revocavit. Naturae itaque genio obsecutus ad medicinae sese artem sic applicuit: ut in anatomicis pa rem vix ullum, ex omni antiquitate. superiorem certè neminem ( Jacobo Silvio Ambiano pro Galeni honore ne­quicquam certante) repererit. Melch. Ad. in ejus vita.

He was born at Bruxels in Brabant Anno Christi 1514. A famous Physici­an. He professed Anatomy at Basil, Padua, and almost in all the Universities of Italy.

He wrote Opus admirandum, De humani corporis fabricâ: in which he so ex­pressed all its members in figures, that he even seems to expose them to view, and this he put forth at 28 years, Et sanè opus illud De corporis humani fabricâ, certis­simis demonstrationibus aptum, & gravissimo dicendi genere conditum, robusti ingenii divinum vigorem, eruditionemque pertinaci studio auctam longè, lateque ostentat. Ca­stellani vitae Illust. Medic.

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Sextus Aurelius Victor.

A most elegant Historian, who lived under Constantius and Julian.

There is his

Origo gentis Rom.

De viris illustribus.

De Caesaribus.

Histor. Augustae Epitome, which was rather anothers of the same name.

Hugo de S. Victore. Anno Aetae Christi 1106. Helv. Chron. Fuit Natione Saxo, sed Ab­bas Sancti Victoris Parisiensis, circa annum 1130. Tribus tomis ejus opera extant, multumque eruditionis & pie­tatis nomine à Trithemio laudatur. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 15.

His Works are in three Tomes.

Many of which are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue.

Richardus de S. Victore.

He flourished in the time of Hugo de S. Victore about the year 1130. and lived in the same Monastery with him. Scotus fuit Ri­chardus de S. Victore cogno­minatus, iste seculo longe doctissimus habitus, & in externa conversatione religiosus: floruitque circiter annum 1140. multa scripsit quorum pleraque perie­runt. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 15.

His Works are extant in two Tomes, and many of them mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Fr. à Victoria, Professour at Salamanca. Vir tantae authoritatis, ut Theologorum & Philosopho­rum Alpha & Princeps habe­retur. Episc. Roffens. Ille tota Hispaniâ celeberrimus magister. Montac. Apparat.

Clenard in his second book of Epistles, pag. 241, 242. makes honourable men­tion of him, Ignorat Salmantida (saith he) quem possideat thesaurum in nostro Victoria, gratulentur sibi Dominici monasteria, quod tale decus meruerunt.

So called from Victoria a Town of Cantabria in Spain.

There be his

Relect. Theologicae.

Summa Sacramentorum Ecclesiae.

[Page 352] Victorinus Afer, Fictaviensis Marius Victori­nus per ea tem­pora floruit, quo Constantius Constantini fi­lius Romani imperii habe­nas est moderatus, Afer quidem, & ut plerique existimant, Carthaginiensis. Praeter rhetoricam & dialecticam, quas disciplinas inprimis excoluit (nam & in utraque doctissimè scripsit) in Poetica etiam illum flourisse vide­mus. Leguntur hymni quidam ejus nomine editi de Sanctissima Trinitate. Lil. Gyrald. De Poet, Hist, Dial. 5. Anno Dom. 270. There are these Works of his

Adversus Arianos.

De Trinitate Hymni tres.

De Macchabaeis fratribus.

Liber contra Manichaeos.

Item de principio diei.

Petrus Victorius, a singular Grecian.

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Marcus Hieron. Vidas.

Florebat in Italia celebris, Anno Chri­stianae salutis M D. XXX. Quem unum hac tempestate meo judicio eò pervenisse vi­demus, quo sine Graecis duce cum primis Virgilio pervenire Poeta potest. Praecipua ejus ut mihi quidem videtur virtus excellens ac mira quaedam in Poeticis materiis disponendis illustrandisque felicitas. Gyrald. De Poet. Nost. Temp. Dial. 1. Hieronymus Vida nostrae aetatis, scripsit carmen excultum sane, & mi [...]è Virgilianum de Poetica, in quo satis habuit Homeri ac Virgilii virtutes percensuisse ac declarasse, eosque pro absolutis artis praeceptionibus tradidisse. Lud. Viv. De Caus. corrupt. art. l. 1. Qui primus inter Italos post Jacobum Sanazarium Poeticam ad res sacras tran stulit, & ver­sibus elegantissimis ac purissimis provinciam suam excoluit. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 37.He so excelled in Poetry, Vt proximè ad Vergilianam excellentiam illum perve­nisse omnes judicent: Cujus rei insigne testimonium praebet insigne illud; & nunquam satis laudatum opus Christiados: Poema proculdubio, quod tam materia, quam com­positione & stylo debet meritò praeferri caeteris omnibus scriptis, quae à nostri saeculi Poetis melioribus tradita sunt: Continet enim vitam Christi ac gesta libris 6. Scripsit & eadem felicitate De arte Poetica, lib. 3. Boissardi Bibliotheca. Vide plura ibid.

Vir ingeniosa & profunda meditatione, cujus vi nihil illi in [...]ccessum in abstrusioribus scientiis, nihil quod acumine mentis posset confici, dif­ficile confectus suit. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. part 2. l. 129. Vide plura ibid. Franciscus Vieta, a learned French Mathematician.

There are his Opera Mathe`matica. Vol. 2.

Relatio Calendarii vere Gregoriani, cum aliis opusc.

Vniversalium inspectionum ad Canonem Mathemat, lib. singularis.

De Aequatione recognitione & emendatione.

Nic. Vignerius, Nic. Vignerius emunctissimae naris summae­que & eruditionis & diligentiae in Histor. Eccles. Blondel. De Form. Regnante Christo in Vet. Monum. usu Dia [...]. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. l. 117. part. 1. a learned French Historiographer.

There are To 3. de la. Bibliotheq. Hist. and other Works of his.

Nic. Vignerius, Nic. Vignerius Blesensis Ec­clesiae Pastor celeberrimi illius Nicolai Vigucrii Historiographi Regii filius. Mares. Sonne to the other, a learned Divine.

He hath published an excellent Treatise in French, styled, Theatre de l' Anti­christ, and a Dissertation in Latine of the Excommunication of the Venetians against Cardinal Baronius.

And Theses of the Satisfaction of Christ, which Rivet highly commends, and annexeth unto his own Disputations.

Jo. Bapt. Villalpandus Egregius seculi nostri Theologus ac Mathematicus universam Ar­chitecturae rationem perfectiorem per Graecos in Romanos & demum in Vitruvii libros, ab Ebraeorum in Templi Sa­lomonici aliis (que) ejus structuris, proportionibus omnino manasse non dubitat. Seld. De Jur. Natural. & Gent. l. 1. [...], A learned Divine and Mathematician.

He hath written well upon Ezekiel.

[Page 353] Arnaldus de Villa-novax Hispanus, vir exi [...]è eruditus, lin­guarum He­braicae, Grae­cae, Arabicae, & Latinae, Philosophiae, & Theologiae peririssimus, floruit ante annos 340. Recensetur à Papa, ejusque man­cipiis inter haereticos, quod eorum errores reprehendit. Multa admodum scripsit, quorum quae iam adhuc inveni­uatur. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 16. Ut erat homo mul [...]um dedites Rabbinorum & Alchimistarum delira­mentis, ita nonnullorum sigillorum compositionem in sua medicinae practica docuit. Nandaeus De Studio Militari, lib. 1. pag. 425., or Villa-novanus. There is a Town in Catalonia in Spain, which is called Villa-nova.

His several Physical Works are mentioned by Castellanus, De vitis Medi­corum.

Longolius commends Simon Villa-novanus. Longolius Epist. lib. 3. Octa­viano Grimoaldo hath this passage of him, Non dici potest quam de Villano­vano laborem: nec eo tam amicitiae nostra, quae quidem summa est, adductus moveor, quàm humanitate & natura mea, qui tam praeclarum ingenii lumen tam misere extin­gui doleam. Otium illi ad aliquot annos est opus, non quo vel cum Budaeis, vel cum Erasmis nostris, quos jam elegantia dicendi & subtilitate vi [...]it, sed cum veteribus illis aliquando contendat. See also there several Epistles of his to Baptista Egnatius, wherin he commends him.

Alexander de Villa Dei.

Loquendi quondam magister singularis habebatur. Ex Hyperii erudito opere opus suum compilavit, correctis illis omnibus quae Pontificios tangunt. Rain. de Rom. Eccles. Idololat. l. 1. 6. 4. Hyperii interpolator & expilator. Rivetus de Patrum Autoritate. Licentiam hanc furtorum saepe miratus sum, quantopere sibi permiserint ex veteribus tam Graeci quam Latini scriptores, ut etiam aliena opera tota transcribero soliti sunt, ac sine ulla immutatione pro suis edere. Nec è plebe [...]antum & ex trivio auctores, sed etiam quos fama nobis celebres transmisit, quosque in ore habuit ac manibus antiquitas, huic crimini fuisse obnoxios video, & indignor: Omitto quae de furtis Graecorum notavit Clemens Alexandrinus, quae omnibus sunt obvia. Timosthenes decem libros de Iusulis composuerat, quos postea & in Epitomen unius libri r [...] ­degerat. Eratosthenes Cyrenensis Beta litteratorum sui aevi hunc librum totum transcripserat ne proaemio qui­dem auctori suo relicto, quin verba ipsa cum rebus convasaret, atque in suum converteret. Salmas. Prole­gom. in Solinum. Ram. Orat. Refor. Par. Acad.

Laurentius Villa-vincentius a Spaniard.

He wrote a Book De rectè formando Theologia studio, which he took from Hy­perius, who wrote of the same Argument, viz. De ratione studii Theologici.

So Solinus takes all he hath from Plinie. Vide Salmas. Prolegom. in Solinum.

Vincentius Belluacensis seu Bellovacensis.

He made four Tomes, and gave them the name of a Glasse,

Speculum Historiale, l. 32.

Speculum Naturale, l. 33.

Speculum Doctrinale, l. 13.

Speculum Morale, Is natione Gallus, librum contra prota­nas haereses pro Catholicae fidei antiquita­te scripsit. Ad imitationem scripti Tertulliani [...]i de praescriptionibus adversus haereses compositus esse videtur. Opus eruditum & acutum, quodque veritatis adversariorum fraudes detegat, atque impugnet. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 5. l. 3.

Vincentius Lirinensis, Anno Dom. 430.

He writes against the Pelagians and Nestorians.

Scripsit opusculum parvum mole, sed virtute maximum. Bellarm.

Vossius Hist. Pelag. lib. 1. cap. 9. reckons him among the Semi-Pelagians, and thinks his Commonitorium was either written against Austen himself, or those at least who followed Austens opinion concerning Predestination. Et fortè (saith he) haec ratio est, cur nomen suum praeterierit, quod adversariis illis suspectum esse sciret. Nam sub Peregrini nomine commonitorium suum edidisse, ex Praefatione cog­noscim [...]s.

Petrus de Vineis. Vir praestan­tissimus suo aevo, à Frideri­co II. Imp. cu­jus Cancellarius fuit, oculis or batus est: ejusque sive ignominiae, sive doloris impatientia seipsum praecipitem dedit atque interemit. Camer. Hor. Subcis, Cent. 3. c. 80.

He hath written Epist. l. 6.

[Page 354] Elias Vinetus, a most learned and eloquent man, he hath written a Commenta­ry and illustrations upon Ausonius.

A Preface and Annotations on Persius. Upon Aurelius Victor.

Johannes Vi­peranus vir literaturae haud contemnendae. Whear. Meth. Leg. Hist. parte secunda. Antonius Viperanus.

There is an Oration of his at the funeral of the Emperour Charles the fifth.

A Work De scribenda Historia.

And other Works.

CHAP. VI.

Homo & eru­ditione prae­stans, moribus suavissimis praeditus, & oris facundia prae­cipuè excellens, ut merito nonnulli Calvinum, Farellum, & Viretum ut ejusdem muneris functione, sic etiam ani­mis conjunctissimos, lectissimam quandam praestantissimorum pastorum triadem vocarint, eruditionis quidem penes Calvinum, vehementiae verò penes Farellum, facundiae deni (que) laude penes Viretum manente. Bez. Icon. Vir. Illust. Ita (que) si mihi Viretus auferatur, prorsus perii: nec hanc Ecclesiam salvam retinere potero. Quare te & alios mihi ignoscere par est si omnem moveo lapidem, ne eo spolier. Calv. Farell. PEt. Viretus, an eloquent French Divine, whom Calvin desired for his Col­league.

His French Books are mentioned by Antoine du Verdier in his Biblio­theque.

Virgilius, a Bishop in Bavariae, much renowned for his Piety and Learning, be­ing seen in all Sciences, especially in the Mathematicks, was condemned for an he­retick, for affirming that there were Antipodes.

Claruit anno 1533. quo Chronicorum suorum Henrico Anglorum regi 8. dedicaverat opus. Gesner. Biblioth. Polydorus, ut homo Italus, & in rebus nostris hospes, & (quod caput est) neque in republica versatus, nec alioqui vel ingenii vel judicii, pauca ex mul­tis delibans, & falsa plerumque pro veris amplexus, historiam nobis reliquit cùm caetera mendosam, tum exiliter sane &, ejune conscriptam. Savil. Praefat. ad Rerum Anglicarum scriptores. Polyd. Virgilius, or Vergilius, a man not much to be trusted for his relation of English affairs.

Vir multis nominibus clarissimus. Lel. Comment. in Cygneam cautionem.

Vtinam Polydorus tam oculatus fuisset testis in rebus Britannicis, quam interim est tersus, nitidus, elegans. Nae ille tum exegisset opus immortalitate planè dignissi­mum: mod [...] & cadem opera cognitionem utriusque linguae, videlicet Britannicae, & Saxonicae tanquam ad coronidem adjecisset. Id. ibid. Vide plura ibid.

Publius Virgilius Maro, the stately Poet. Lilius Gyrald and Politian write him Vergilius Vide Polit. Miscel. Cent. c. 77. Nam & Mar­mor docuit Angelum Politianum scribere Vergilium & non Virgilium, quod in usu quingentis ante annis fuerat. O quam marmoribus debemus. Paceus. De fructu qui ex doctrina percipitur. Poetarum Deus, Alexander Imperator & Caesar cum Poetarum Platonem, ut scribit Lampridius appellare [...]olitus fuit. Lil Gy [...]ald. De Poet. Histor. Dial. 4. Praestitisse in Eclogis Graece Theocritus, Latine Virgilius visi sunt. Possev. Biblioth. Sel. Tom. 2. l. 17. Ut apud Graecos Homerus sic apud nos Virgilius auspicatissimum dederit exordium, omnium ejus generis Poetatum Graeco­rum, nostrorumque illi haud dubie proximus. Quintil. l. 10. c. 1. Aeneis Virgilii grande opus & plenum gravitatis, ac rerum bonarum, & quod Iliadi non concedat. Lud. Viv. de Trad. Discip. l. 3. In Bucolicis secutus Theocritum, in Georgicis Hesiodum, in Aeneide Homerum, in quarto ejus operis Apollonium: passim item Ennium, Lucretium, La­tinorumque alios: Ut ostendit Macrob. Saturnal. quinto sextoque. Voss. De Imitat. Poet. c. 1. Auctor est Donatus, Virgilio hunc morem fuisse, ut horis matutinis plurimos scriberet versus: horis verò pomeridianis, ubi calor ille dese [...]buisset, eosdem incudi redderet, ac limaret: ac saepe ex centenis vix quaternos, aut senos reliquisse [...] aliqua ex parte immutatos: ac propterea dicere solere se, ursae in modum, soe [...]us edere informes, quos denique lambendo informaret. Itaque septennium corrigendis tribuisse Georgicis creditur. Voss. De Imitat. Poet. c. 6. In agro Nea­politano mons celebris extat Panfilippus, ad cujus ferme radicem, quà urbem spectat Neapolitanem sacellum vi­situr D. Virgini sacrum, juxta quod sepulchrum Virgilii Maronis, Poetae istius incomparabilis, hac inscriptione infigne:

Mantua me genuit, Calabri rapuere, tenet nunc
Parthenope: Cecini pascua, rura, Duces.
Olai Wormii Musaeum Wormianum. l 2. c. 13.

[Page 355]Some compare him with Homer, nay prefer him before him; others style him Homer in Latine.

This was said upon the coming forth of Virgils Aeneads.

Cedite Romani scriptores, cedite Graii,
Nescio quid majus nascitur Iliade.

He set this Distick upon the Palace-gate of the Emperour Augustus,

Nocte pluit tota, redeunt spectacula mane,
Divisum imperium cum Jove Caesar habet.

As much to say, God sheweth his power by the night rains, Caesar his magnifi­cence by the pomps of the day.

These two Verses were very well liked, and brought to the Emperours Majesty, who took great pleasure in them, and willed the Authour should be known. A sausie Courtier pretended to be the man, and had a good reward given him, for the Emperour himself was not only learned, but very munificent toward all learned men. Virgil seeing himself by his overmuch modesty defrauded of the reward, which an impudent person had gotten by abuse of his merit, came the next night, and fastened upon the same place this half Metre, four times iterated, thus

Sic vos non vobis.
Sic vos non vobis.
Sic vos non vobis.
Sic vos non vobis.

And there it remained a great while, because no man wist what it meant, till Virgil opened the whole fraud by this devise. He wrote about the same half Metres this whole Verse hexameter, ‘Hos ego versiculos feci tulit alter honores.’

Sic vos non vobis
Fertis aratra boves.
Sic vos non vobis
Vellera fertis oves.
Sic vos non vobis
Mellificatis apes.
Sic vos non vobis
Nidificatis aves.

And then finished the four half Metres, thus And put to his name Publius Virgilius Maro.

This matter came by and by to the Emperours ear, who taking great pleasure in the devise, called for Virgil, and gave him not only a present reward, but also held him ever after upon larger triall he had made of his Learning and Vertue in so great reputation, as he vouchsafed to give him the name of Amicus, which among the Romans was a great honour and special favour.

He made a Talisman, or brazen Fly, which he set upon one of the gates of the City Naples. which for the space of eight years kept all manner of Flies from com­ing into the City. Gaffarels Unheard of Curiosities, Part. 2. Chap. 7. See more there.

The purity of his style and conceptions is generally known, and the purity of his manners, was once admired by those of Naples, which for this reason common­ly called him Parthenius.

Virgilius Latinae linguae columen vocatur à Servio: & Cicero, cùm jam senex in hujus adolescentis opusculum incidisset, de illo sic fertur augurasse: Magnae spes altera Romae. Campianus de Imit. Rhetor. c. 3.

Vitae, Lives.

Diogenes Laertius hath written the Lives of the Philosophers in two Books.

There are the Lives of the Fathers illustrated with Notes by Rosweyde the Je­suite.

There are the Lives of many famous Romans, written well by Plutark.

[Page 356]The Lives of Sophisters Wise and eloquent men were so called heretofore. Vide Elmenhorstii Observat. in Arnob. lib. 1. pag. 36. written by Eunapius.

There are the Lives of the Popes, written well by Platina.

Vita & res gesta Pontificum Romanorum S.R.E. Cardinalium, ab initio nascentis Ecclesiae usque ad Urbanum 8 um, by Ciaconius.

The Lives of the Germane Divines, Lawyers, Physicians and Philosophers, writ­ten by Melchior Adam.

The Lives of Cardinal Contarenus and Bembus by John Casa.

The Life of Pinellus. written by Paulus Gualdus.

Of Cardinal Pool, written by Dudithius.

The Life of Calvin, written excellently by Beza, and the Life of Galeacius Ca­racciolus, written first in Italian, and translated into Latine by Beza, and into English by M r Crashaw.

Of Juel, by D r Humfrie.

Of Whitaker, by Abdias Asheton.

Of Whitgift, by Sir George Paule.

Of Bernard Gilpin, written by Bishop Carleton.

Of Sadeel, by Lectius.

Of Gesner, by Simler.

Of Bellarmine, by Fuligat, in five Books.

Junius hath written his own Life, Buchanan his, Cardan his.

And so hath Thuanus his in six Books.

Sir Thomas Bodlie also wrote his own Life, and Bale.

Vir Latinè, Graecè, He­braicè, Chal­daicè & Ara­bicè eruditus, atque insuper totius antiqui­tatis studiosis­simus, ut de eo tradit. Leander in Italiâ suâ. Voss. De Hist. Lat. l. 3. p. 550. Jo. Annaeus Viterbiensis.

A Monk by profession, who lived some two hundred years ago, having attained to more then ordinary knowledge both of the Tongues and Histories, applied him­self by his knowledge and proficiency, not to help, but to cheat the world. To that end he counterfeited divers ancient Historians of best note and greatest anti­quity, as Berosus, Manotho, Catonis Origines, and the like, which had not been heard of in many ages; and wrote Comments upon them, these passed so current for a long time, that even to this day (though descryed by divers learned men of all Nations and professions) many can scarce perswade themselves, that so many fine titles and shows should be but a piece of juggling.

Scaliger in his Elench Orat. Chronol. Parei cals him Fanaticum Dominicanum. And elsewhere in that Book he saith, Vt doctior videatur, mendacia sua auctoritate priscorum auctorum f [...]mare conatur. Propterea commentus est Myrsilos Xenophan­tas De aequivocis, Merasthenes, & alios nescio quos, qui aut non fuerunt, aut ea non scripserunt, quae planus illo eos scripsisse mentitur.

See of Gode­fridus Viter­biensis Presby­ter. Voss. De Hist. Lat. l. 2. c. 54. Gotfridus Vitebergensis.

He was learned in the Hebrew, Greek, Chaldee, and Latine Tongues, and many vulgar ones.

He got himself a great name by his universal Chronicle, which because it con­tains a History of all Princes, and they are styled Gods in Scripture, he named it Pantheon.

Anno Aerae Christi 912. Vir fuit Vitellio doctrina & eruditione non inferior Euclide, ut ejus monumenta monstrant, sed quae communis omnium temporum labes fuit, opiniones habuit anticipatas quas pro demonstratione saepe obtulit: Cujusmodi illud est, visionem fieri receptiona radiorum, quod tamen non magis necessarium est, quam si emissione fieri di­cas, & Euclides hoc libello apertè docet aspectum sieri per radios properantes ab oculis ad res visas. Pena. De usu Optices. Vitellio. He hath written excellently on the Opticks.

Vide Voss. De Hist. Lat. l. 2. c. 57. Jacobus de Vitriaco, Anno Dom. 1220.

There is his

Praefatio in Historiam Orientalem. Historia Hierosolymitana, five Orientalis.

Ric. Vitus Basingstoch.

Hist. l. 8. cum Notis antiquitatum. And other Works.

[Page 357] Jo. Lud. Vives [...] Lewes Vives. Judicium ejus celebratur quos inter tres illos R.P. constitu­endae litterariae ejusdem tem­pestatis excel­luit, ut Budeo ingenium, Erasmo dicendi copia, Vivi ju [...]icium tribueretur. Testantus l [...]bri de corruptis disciplinis, quibus in artium abusum egregiè stylum strinxit, ut & Epistola ad Fortem, barbaros exagitat. Ita Theologiae se studio de­didit; ut sui seculi Theologos adaequaret. Fidem faciunt docti illi Commentarii in Augustinum de civitate Dei: quaeque De Bello Turcico, De officio piae matronae scripsit. In Anglia Reginam Mariam Latinè docuit: in eujus gratiam libellos De Ratione Studii conscripsit. Biblioth. Hispan In nulla Philosophiae parte non supra vulgum eru­ditus tum in bonis literis, atque etiam [...] dicendi scribendique facultate eo progressus, ut hoc seculo vix alium norim quem ausim cum hoc committere. Nullum est argumentum in quo non exercuit stilum. Eras. Epist. l. 19. Epist. 101. Vide plura ibid. & l. 13. Epist. 37. & l. 17. Epist. 16. Ingentis & doctrinae & judicii vir. Voss. Grammar. Lat. Quantae doctrinae & lectionis vir fuit docent tum alii ejus libri plurimi, tum etiam Commentarii ejus eru­ditissimi in Augustini libros de Civitate Dei, quos tunc conscripsit cùm Erasmus Augustini operum omnium emen­dationem institueret, & de disciplinis libri viginti doctrina, eruditione, sapientia rara resertissimi. Neand. Geog. parte 1 a.

At the intreaty of Cardinal Wolsie, leaving his own Countrey he came to Ox­ford, where being incorporated Doctor of the Civil Law, he continued in Corpus Christi Colledge, whose Learning grew so famous, that not onely many of the University, but of the Court would flock thither to hear him reade the Greek Le­cture in Corpus Christi Colledge Hall, King Henry the 8. sometimes.

Si Latinae Linguae puritatem excipias, bene literatus. Steph. Epist. Dedicat. ad Aul. Gel. Noct. Attic.

Vlphilas. He lived under Valens the Emperour about the year of Christ, 380. Quem Jor­nandes Gul­philam, alii Vulphilam, Pau­lus Diaconus Vlphilam nominat, Gothorum in M. Moesia Episcopus, qui in linguam Gothicam Biblia Sacra convertit. Olai Wormii Literatura Danica. c. 6.

He was not Literarum Danicorum inventor, as some say, Olai Wormii Literatura Danica c. 6. & 20.

Vlpian, a great Lawyer. Imperante Alexandro Se­vero magna Jurisprudentia Romana accepit incrementa, studio imprimis & opera celebris illius Vlpiani, cujus plurimae leges in Pandectis Juris Romani hodieque leguntur. Fuit hic auditor Papiniani, & sub Alexandro Imperatore militibus Praetorianis prae­fectus, sed tandem, ob militaris disciplinae severitatem ab his interfectus est. Boxhorn. Hist. Universal. Anno Aerae Christianae 218. Helv. Chron.

There are his

Tituli.

Gisbertus Voetius.

[...] learned Dutch Divine, Professour of Divinity at Vtrect.

His Bibliotheca, and his Book De Desperata Causa Papatus, are very well esteemed.

His Selectae Disputationes Theologicae, both first and second Part are of good use.

Raph. Primos aeta­tis annos stu­diis bonarum disciplinarum impendens; in virum do­ctissimum eva­sit, quod ejus scripta satis testantur. Vir fuit habitu corporis venusto, facundo, elegante, & morum gravitate vitae­que sanctimonia Clarus. Mortuus est Volateris in patria annos natus plus quam septuaginta: Christianae verò sa­lutis millesimo quingentesimo vigesimo primo. Boxhorn. Illust. Vir. Elog. Vir multae erat doctrinae & industriae: sed qua tamen non satis magnam Graecae linguae noticiam fuerat adeptus: quod multa adeò perperam ab eo versa ostendunt. Condidit Urbanorum Commentariorum libros 38: quos Julio II. Pontifici inscripsit, atque Vrbanos vocat, quia in urbe Roma conscripsit. Ex mille amplius utriusque linguae auctoribus eos se congesisse, ipse ait. Tribus verò t [...]mis distinxit, quorum primus Geographiam veterem continet: alter anthropologiam, sive viros illu­stres: tertius Philologiam, sive artium rudimenta. Itaque in Praefatione ad Julium, opus hoc [...] appellat, quasi quo omnia comprehendantur. Voss. De Histor. Lat. l. 3. p. 602. Volaterannus, Anno Dom. 1500.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these Verses of him,

De Volaterrano paucis, sic Lector habeto,
Ille sui Plinius temporis alter erat.

Melchior Volmarus, Beza's Master.

He was most studious of Elegancy in the Latine Tongue, so skilfull in the Greek, [Page 358] that he affirmed before his Duke of Wittenberge, Malle se causam in fore Graece quam Germanice agere, quamvis ea lingua sibi vernacula esset, yet he was so modest, that though he excelled in writing Greek and Latine, yet he published nothing but a very elegant Preface to the Greek Grammer of Demetrius Chalcondylas.

Conr. Vorstius. He was learned but Heretical.

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Vir cl. 1. Vossius quo nemo rem Grammaticam accuratius ex­cussit & expli­cult. Gatak. De Nov Instrum. Stylo Disserr. c. 23. Belgicus Varro. Mares. Exeg. Confess. Belg. Vide Forbes. In­struct. Historico. Theol. l. 8 c. 28. Diligentissimus & doctissimus scripto [...] Rivet. Discus. Grot. Dialys. de invocat. Sanct. quinque dispurat. doctiss. Quod vero Corvinus in his omnibus ad Historiam Pelagianam clarissimi Vossii pro­vocet, nos libenter quoque ad eandem in plerisque provocamus, modo & hoc meminerit Corvius, ipsum cl. D. Vossinus cum Ecclesiis nostris plenè communionem colere, & in secundis curis suis aut alia data occasione sese ostensurum, publice recepisse, quod nonnulla quoque accuratius à se ab eo tempore observata sint, de quibus benevolum lectorem aliquando admonebit. Walaei Respons. adversus Corvinum. c. 23. Gerard John Vossius.

Professour of Eloquence, Chronology, and the Greek Tongue at Leiden, and Prebend of Canterbury in England.

He was an excellent Grammarian, and general Scholler.

One of the greatest Lights of Holland. He hath written learnedly almost of all the Arts, of Idolatry, his Theological Theses are good. His Treatise De Theologia Gentili, &c. is full of Learning.

Rivet often commends him.

Ego certè ita sentio, neminem inter Theologos nostros repertum fuisse, qui minùs jurarit in verba cujusquam magistri, qui aliorum sententias aequiùs expenderit, & qui veritatis diligentior fuerit indagator. And, Rivet. Apologet. pro vera pace Eccles.

His Historia Pelagiana is most disliked.

Our Arminians Qui cum in minoribus es­set, Poesin veteri spolia­tam decore, cultissimorum carminum varii argumenti editione, antiquae dignitati restituit. Leones Allatij Apes Urbanae. most depend upon him touching the Authority of the An­cients.

Bochart. Geograph. Sac. l. 2. c. 17. saith thus of his Book De Historicis Graecis. Opus mirae eruditionis, ex cujus lectione nos profecisse non parum ingenuè profitemur.

Vrbanus VIII. Papa, a good Poet, he published some Poems.

There is Naudai Panegyricus dictus Urbano VIII. Pont. Max. Ob beneficia ab ipso in magistrum Thomam Campanellam collata.

Cujus nemine inter viros an­tiquariae rei studiosos nomen majus, celebriusque nullum est. Gassend. De vita Peiriscii l. 1. Fulvii Ursini libri apud Card. Faer­nesium delitescunt. MS. omnes legavit Bibliothecae Vaeicanae. Wower. Epist. Cent. 2. Epist. 9. Jos. Scalig. Patriâ Romanus, vir Graecè Latinèque doct [...]ssimus, ac purioris antiquitatis indagator diligentissimus, qui complura ve­terum utriusque linguae ser prorum monumenta aut primum aut edita dedit meliora. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. l. 123. Vide Jani Nicii Eryth [...]aei [...]icanothecam. Fulvius Vrsinus, a most learned Antiquary, Optimè de omni meliore Antiqu [...] apud bonos omnes promeritus. Pignor. Symb. Epist. Epist. 18.

Celebris ille antiquitatum vindex Ursinus Fulvius. Scriv. Animadvers. in lib. 10. Mart.

There are his

Notae in Polybium, Dionysii Halyc [...]r [...]ss. Appiani, Diodori Siculi & Dionis frag­menta.

Notae in Tacitum & Paterculum.

Notae in Historicos veteres. Appendix ad lib. Petri Ciaconii de Triclinio.

De Familiis Romanorum.

Nihil sibi tri­buit: Theolo­giae studiosus, quam Doctor dici maluit. Erat tempo is parcus: quod inscriptio Musaei innuit. Zachary Vrsin, a learned and solid Divine. He was born at Vr [...]tistania, the

Amice, quisquis huc venis,
Aut agito paucis; aut abi,
Aut me lacorantom a [...]juva.
Melch. Ad. in ejus vita.

[Page 359] Metropolis of Silesia, one of the fairest Cities of Germany, in the year of Christ 1534.

His Works put out since his death, are all collected together, and distinguished into three Tomes.

Conr. â Liechthena, Abbas Vrspergensis. Anno Dom. 1202.

There is his

Coen [...]bii Chronicon.

Jacobus Armachanus. James Vsher Bishop of Armagh.

The hundredth Archbishop of Armagh from him whom some call S t Pa­trick, as Matthew Parker Archbishop of Canterbury told Queen Elizabeth, Jacobus Vsseri­us vastae [...]ecti­onis & erudi­tionis Theolo­gus, inque an­tiquitate Ec­clesiastica ver­satissimus. Voet. Thes. de Angelis Summa enim summi viri, & undecunque doctissimi merita de Ecclesia & tota Republica literaria, nunquam sinent, ut non aeternùm ab omnibus literarum amantibus memoria grata celebretur. Vossius De vitiis Sermonis c. 10. Vide illum de Scient. Math. c. 62. & De Dieu Praefat. ad Act. he was the seventieth Archbishop of Canterbury from Austen the Monk. Antiq. Brit.

He hath a great name deservedly amongst the Reformed Churches, for his skill in Ecclesiastical Antiquities, his stout Defence of the Orthodox Religion, frequent and powerfull preaching, and unblameable Life, and is likewise famous for his great Abilities with the Papists themselves, though yet he be accounted haereticus primae Classis in their Index Expurg.

Fitz Simonds (with whom he disputed about the Popes being Antichrist, and was too hard for, though the Bishop was then very young) in one of his books saith, he is Acatholicorum doctissimus.

And Moranez in his Anti-Jansenius Disp. 11. Sect. 2. hath these words.

Hanc divinationem de Haeresi Praedestinationis non ipse primus excogitavit, sed à Lutheranis & Calvinistis ejusdem haeresis recoctoribus accepit, praecipué (que) à Jacobo Usserio insigni Calvinista Hyberno qui ann. 1631. librum edidit Dublini, hoc titulo inscriptum Gotteschalci, &c. Gotteschalc. & Praedesti­natiane con­troversiae ab eo motae Histo­ria. Hibernus E­piscopus libel­lo nuper vulgato de Historia Godeschalci Vossio controversiam movet. Existimavit Vossius Godeschalcum affinem fuisse ei sententiae quam Piscator & alii quidam Novirii magistri de Praedestinatione ita defendunt ut Deum scelerum causam magis dicere quam sentire formident. At ille plane eum vult intra Augustini fines steriffe nec ulterius eva­gatum. Grotius Epist. 122, Cordesio. Quo libro probandum suscipit eos qui pro Praedestina­tianis haereticis habentur, non alios fuisse, quam doctrinae Augustinianae defensores. Ad quod persuadendum iisdem utitur conjecturis & argumentis quibus Jansenius: ut recte notavit Antonius Ricardus l. 1. Disputat. de lib. arbit. c. 1. Sect. 6. relatis utriusque verbis. Neque enim sensum duntaxat, sed verba fere ipsa transcripsit Jansenius. Ne­que tamen (quod aequum erat) ullam ejus mentionem facere dignatus est.

He first got himself a name in the Church, by that first and excellent Book of his De Christianarum Ecclesiarum successione & statu.

His Book De Britannicarum Ecclesiarum Primordiis, Vossius De vitiis Sermonis c. 10. cals laudatissimum opus, and it is generally well esteemed; wherein he sisteth to the branne the Brittish Churches Antiquities.

His other Latine Works are

Veterum Epistolarum Hibernicarum Sylloge.

Ignatianarum Epistolarum Sylloge.

Ignatiana Appendix.

De veterum Symbolis. Annalium pars prima & secunda.

Epistola ad Ludovicum Capellum.

De anno veterum Macedonum.

Syntagma de Editione LXX. Interpretum. Diss [...]rtatio de Cainane.

His English Works.

Answer to a Jesuites Challenge.

The Religion of the ancient Irish and Brittish.

A Speech in the Starre-Chamber of the Kings Supremacy.

Two Sermons, one before the King, another before the Parliament.

A Treatise of the Incarnation of Christ.

[Page 360]A Treatise of the Original of Bishops and Archbishops.

What Asia is that mentioned in the New Testament.

Carolus Vtenhovius.

He was skilfull in the principal Languages, Hebrew, Greek, Latine, and also in the Germane, French, Italian, English.

His Works are mentioned by Melchior Adam in his Life.

Bonaventura Vulcanius Praeceptor in adolescentia meus. Voss. De Anal. l. 1. c. 19. Meus quon­dam in Graecis post Franciscum Nansium praeceptor. Voss. De vitiis Serm. l. 3. c. 16. Antiquitatum & politioris litera­turae indagator sagacissimus, cum veterum autorum optimorum monumenta plurima integritati & pristino nitori restituit, atque Graecorum Latinitati donavit, tum ipse praeclara opera in omni genere artium & disciplinarum scri­psit. Gesn. Biblioth. Corpus Linguae Latinae composuit, in quod veteres auctores omnes qui de Lingua Latina scripserunt, conjecit, adductis Scholii [...] doctissimorum nostri temporis virorum, Antonii Augustini, Petri Victorii, Manutii, Sca­ligeri, &c. Isidori Hispalensis Episcopi Originum libros viginti ex antiquitate eruros, & Martiani Capella de nuptiis Philologia & Mercurii libros novem variis Lectionibus & Scholiis, illustravit. Anton. Sand. De Brugensibus erudi­tione claris. lib. 1. Brugensis. He was the Greek Professour at Leyden.

Vir de bonis litteris optimè meritus. Pignor. Symb. Epistol. eruditissimo suo de literis & linguâ Gothorum Commentariolo. Olai Wormii literatura Danica c. 6.

His Works are mentioned by Melchior Adam in his Life.

CHAP. VII.

W

LVc. Wadingus.

There are his

Annales minorum in five Volomes in Folio, there he speaks of all learned Fryers of that order. He is much esteemed now at Rome.

Sir Isaac Wake.

The University Orator in Oxford.

There is his

Rex Platonicus, or Musae regnantes.

Claruit anno 1536.An Oration at the Funeral of D r Rainolds.

Robert Wakefield, a learned Hebrician of our own.

He wrote

Institutio Gramaticae Hebraeae.

De laudibus linguae Hebraeae.

De Hebraeorum codicum incorruptione.

Paraphrasis in Ecclesiasten cum Praefatione Richardi Pacei. Orationes quadam, cum aliis opusc.

Antonius Walaeus.

He was an orthodox and solid Divine, as his several learned Works in one Vo­lume in Folio shew.

Albigensibus & Waldensi­bus multa per calumniam impacta fue­runt à curiae Romanae mancipiis; quae falsò illis fuisse imposita à multis est ostensum, ut nominatim â Thuano Hist. sui tempo­ris l. 6. & à Rev. Vsserio, de Success. Eccles. c. 6. & 10. Mares. contra Tirin. Tom. 10. Controvers. Vide Wolsfii Lect. Memorab. Centenar. 12. p. 380, 381, 382. Waldenses.

Our Historians confound the Albigenses and Waldenses, though some learned men hold they are to be distinguished.

The Waldenses are famous for their Antiquity, Universality and Innocency.

The first original of the Waldenses came of Waldus, a man of great substance in the City of Lions. About the year of our Lord 1160. divers of the best of the [Page 361] City of Lions talking and walking in a certain place after their old accustomed manner, especially in the Summer time, conferred together upon matters. A­mongst whom it chanced one (the rest looking upon) to fall down by sudden death. This Waldus being one of them, who beholding the matter more earnestly then the other, and terrified with so heavy an example, Gods holy Spirit working with all, was stricken with a deep and inward repentance, whereupon followed a new alteration with a carefull study to reform his former life. He admonished others also to repent, and ministred large alms of his goods to such as needed. Foxes Acts and Monum. vol. 1 p. 299. See more there. Ma­ny people therefore daily resorting to him, and he seeing them ready and diligent to learn, he began to give out to them certain rudiments of the Scripture, which he had translated himself into the French Tongue.

The Bishops seeing him so to intermeddle with Scriptures, and to have such re­sort about him, albeit it was but in his own house under private conference, threat­ned to excommunicate him, if he did not leave so to do. He despising their Ex­communication, they ceased not with prison, with sword and banishment to per­secute him, till at length they had driven both Waldus and all the favourers of his true preaching out of the City. Whereupon came first their name, and they were called Waldenses, or Pauperes de Lugduno, because they being thrust out both of Countrey and goods, were compelled to live poorly whether they would or no. See Doctor Chalon. Credo Ecclesiam Sanctam Catholicam. part. 2. pag. 91, 92, 93, 94.

D r John Wallis, the learned Professor of Arithmetique and Geometry in Oxford, and one of the Assembly of Divines at Westminster.

There is his

Grammatica linguae Anglicanae. Another Work in English.

Nich. Waltherus an eminent Divine in East-Frizeland.

He hath published

Spicilegium Controversiarum 22.

De SS. Dei nominibus.

Officina Biblica.

Harmonia Biblica sive Conciliator locorum Bibliorum.

Harmonia totius Scripturae.

Jo. Wamesius. Quo homine nihil ferè do­ctius, prudenti­us, aut candidi­us Belgica no­stra tulit. Ex doctissimis Recitationibus ad Tit. de Appellationibus facile intelligas, viro longè eruditissimo, nihil praeter scribendi voluntatem defuisse; praesertim cum interioribus litteris, Graecisque tinctus esset non leviter. Auberti Miraei. Elog. Belg.

De Appellat.

Consilia.

Samuel Ward, a learned and pious Divine.

There is his

Magnetis reductorium Theologicum.

And divers English Sermons.

D r Samuel Ward, Professor of Divinity in Cambridge.

His Gratia discriminans is an excellent Sermon, and opposite to the Arminian Doctrine.

Sir James Ware.

He hath written

De Scriptoribus Hiberniae.

Antiquitates Hiberniae.

Casper Waserus, a learned Linguist.

He hath written

De antiquis nummis & mensuris Hebraeorum.

De nummis Ebraeis in usu Scriptor diligentissimus doctissimusque. Seldenus De Jure Naturali & Gentium l. 6. c. 17.

Dr. Gilbert Wats a learned Englishman now living.

[Page 362] Gulielmus Ut opinio est doctissimi Watfii in glos­sario, quod addidit Matthaeo Parisio, à se longè felicius recuso. Vossius De vitiis sermonis l. 2. c. 16. Clarissimus Wat­sius, vir cum aliis tum editione Matthaei Parifii, optimè de Historia meritus. Id. De vit. Serm. l. 3. c. 1. Watsius, an English Divine, whom Vossius in his Book De vitiis Sermonis often honourably mentions.

He hath translated Austens Confessions, and added Notes to it.

Geo. Weiganmeierus.

There are these Works of his published

Instit. Heb. Linguae per Tab.

Abbreviat. Hebr. in Com. Hebr.

Abbreviat. Hebr. explicatio.

Crinesius De Confas. Linguarum. c. 3. commends him for a most accurate writer, and mentions him with Drusius, Schindler, Buxtorf, as one of the most approved Grammarians of our age.

Mar. Frider. Wendelinus.

He hath put forth these Works

Christiana Theologia.

Admiranda Nili.

Institutiones Logicae.

Contemplationes Physicae. And some Theolog. Exercit. lately.

Concionator Wormaciensis, floruit circa 1470. annum. Articuli e [...]us fuerunt. Gratis, mera gratia per fidem in Christum salvari omnes. Liberum arbitrium nihil esse. Tantum verbo Dei credendum, non glossae aut patribus. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 19. Vide plura ibid. Jo. de Wesalia.

See Foxes Acts and Monum. Vol. 1. p. 948.

There are his

Paradoxa.

Matthaeus Wesenbecius, was born at Antwerp, Anno à Salute partâ, 1531. a learned Lawyer.

Fuit Theoricus instructissimus, & practicus excellentissimus. Melch. Adam in ejus vita.

Nostri seculi alter Papinianus conjunxerat ille verae religionis studium, & professio­nem cum juris prudentia. Gryn. Epist. l. 1. Epist. 11.

Melchior Adam in his Life relates the manner of his conversion from Po­pery.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones, and Melchior Adam in his Life.

He made this Epitaph for himself before his death,

Matthaeus placidâ sopitus pace quiesco;
Iustitiae & juris praeco Wesenbecius.
Vita mihi studium fuit, impensique labores,
Et dolor & gemitus, assiduaeque preces.
Iova pater miserere mei, miserere meorum;
Solius in Christi sanguine nostra salus.

Johannes Wes­selus Concio­nator Worma­tiensis damna­tur Haeresos Moguntiae, quod de indulgentiis, Jejunio & aliis articulis quaedam à communi pontificiorum opinione aliena doceret. Ursperg. Calvis. Chron. Doctor Veselus vel Basilius codem tempore vixit cum Joanne de Vessalia: sed tamen suit aliquanto junior, fueruntque mutua amicitia juncti: mortuus est anno 1490. Scribit in quadam Epistola se putare, quod mo [...] condemnato Vessalia ad se examinandum inquisitor sit venturus. Fuit alioqui adeo celebris ut lux mundi vulgò vo­caretur. Testantur in quodam scripto suo, se Parisiis, Romae, & in multis aliis celeberrimis locis dispurasse, suamque de Religione sententiam defendisse. Docuit autem fermè eadem quae & ille, nisi quòd aliquanto remissiùs, gra­tuitam justificationem per fidem inculcavit. Doctrinam Papisticam de tribus poenitentiae partibus reprehendir. Illyr. Catal. Test. Ver. Wesselus Groningensis, otherwise named Basilius.

He preceded Luther, he was excellently learned in Physick, Divinity, in the Greek, Hebrew and Latine, and therefore of the people he was called Lux mundi, the light of the world, whom Luther was wont to call his prodromus. He demon­strated [Page 363] that the Pope was Antichrist, whom the Disciples of Christ ought in no wayes to follow.

He wrote a Book De dignitate & potestate Ecclesiastica, in which book, he saith, That Subjects should be absolutely and simply bound to beleeve the Pope, is so ir­rational and full of blasphemy, that it is found more pestilent then any heresie whatsoever.

Being aged, upon a certain time when a young man called M. Joannes Ostendorpius, came to him, he said these words; Well my childe, thou shalt live to that day, when thou shalt see that the doctrine of these new and contentious Divines, as Thomas and Bonaventure, with others of the same sort, shall be utterly rejected and exploded from all true Christian Divines.

And this which Ostendorpius then being young heard Weselus to speak, he repor­ted himself to Noviomagus, which wrot [...] this story, Anno 1520. and heard it of the mouth of the said Weselus, Anno 1490. Foxes Act. and Monum. vol. 1. p. 955, 956.

Vide Effig. & vit. Profes. Acad. Groningae & Omlandiae.

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Matth, Westmonasteriensis, Anno Dom. 1370. Qui à collectis Chronicorum floribus Flori­legi cognomen est sortitus, scriptor aetate sua non inelegans. Vir ipse erat suo seculo in omni genere bonarum lite­rarum planè eruditus, & in his quae ad Historiam pertinent, potissimum in recta annorum suppuratione eximius. Balaus De Script. Britan. Cent. 6.

A famous Historian.

Elizabeth Weston, a learned English woman, commended by Joseph Scaliger and Janus Dousa. Parthenicon Elizabethae We­stoniae virginis nobilissimae, Poetriae flo­rentissimae linguarum plu­rimarum pe­ritissimae. l. 3. Te tantum virturum miraculum, tot summis viris notam. Pene prius mihi contigit admirari ingenium tuum, quam nosse. Jos. Scal. Eliz Joan West.

She hath written a Book of Poetry called Parthenicon.

Anglavel Angelica es, vel prorsus es Angelus immo:
Si sexus vetat hoc: Angelus est animus.

So Dousa, as I remember.

William Whateley, a Divine well versed in the original Text both Hebrew and Greek, a frequent and powerfull Preacher, and whose Life was answerable to his Doctrine.

There are his

Exposition of the ten Commandments.

A Care-cloath, or Treatise of the Cumbers of Marriage.

Prototypes.

And some Sermons.

Deg Wheare, both learned and godly, he was History-Reader in Oxford. He hath publish­ed also Episto­las Euchari­sticas.

He hath put out a Book, entitled,

De ratione ac methodo legendi Historias dissertatio.

Where he reckons up the several Greek and Latine Historians, and censures them, and shews the method of reading them.

Abraham Wheelock.

He was the first Arabick Professor in Cambridge.

He hath put out Beda in Latine and Saxon with Notes.

D. William Whitaker, a learned and pious Divine. Praeditus erat acerimo inge­nio, memoria foelicissima, multiplici l [...] ­ctione, summa eloquentia, quanta, un­quam in Theologo us­piam suit, de­nique doctissi­mo politissi­moque judicio, adeò ut totius Academiae quasi oraculum merito haberetur, imò & orbis miraculum; quando nullam propriam & peculiarem sententiam amplexus sit, praeter sanam doctrinam in Ecclesia Dei receptam, ut fere omnes m [...]gni nominis. Theo­logi solent. Asht. De vita & morte Whitakeri. Annum clausit Gulielmus Vitakerus, utroque parente Lancastrensi familiâ honestâ in praedio Holmio natus, magni nominis inter suos Theologus, qui Juelli Salisburiensis sive imi­tatione, sive aemulatione, cum Edmundo Campiano, Joanne Duraeo, Thomâ Stapletono, aliis totâ vitâ scriptis disputa­vit, & Cantabrigiae obiit, quanquam vix XLVII. aetatis annum superasset, ita viribus defectus, ut instar infan­tuli placidè ac sine ulla convulsione spiritum efflaverit. Thuan Hist. Ex Anglico in Larinum convertit volumen Joannis Juelli adversus Thomam Hardingum in quo XXVII. quaestiones ex Scripturis & omnium Conciliorum ac pa­trum monumentis, disceptantur atque explicantur, In quarto Londini. Gesueri Biblioth. He was Master of S. Johns Colledge in Cambridge, and the Kings Professor in Divinity. Famous for his ad­mirable skill in the Arts and Tongues, and for his controversal Works, especially his Confutation of Campian, Sanders, Paree, William Rainolds, Stapleton and Bellarmine.

That honour of our Schools, and Angel of our Church, learned Whitaker, then whom our Age saw nothing more memorable: What clearnesse of judge­ment, what sweetnesse of style, what gravity of person, what grace of carriage [Page 364] was in that man? Who ever saw him without reverence, or heard him without wonder? B. Halls 1. Dec. of Epist. Ep. 7.

All his Works are in one Volume.

Jeremy Whitaker my worthy friend, a learned and pious Divine of the Assem­bly lately dead, who was a man mighty in the Scriptures, of a humble melting Spirit, laborious in his ministerial function, zealous for Gods glory, and wonder­fully patient in all the time of his heavy affliction.

D r John White.

He hath written the way to the true Church, and a Defence of the same, which Book is well esteemed.

Tho. Albus. A Preface be­fore Sir Kenelm Digbies De­monstratio Immortalitatis Animae. Thomas White an English Papist.

Books written by him

Three Dialogues De mundo.

Institutiones Peripateticae ad mentem Digbaei.

Institutiones sacrae in 2. Tom.

Quaestio Praevia & mens Augustini de Gratia.

De Medio animarum statu Meditationes in Gratiam.

Sacerdotum Cleri Anglicani.

Richworths Dialogues, or the judgement of common sense in the choise of Re­ligion.

A Catechism in Religion.

Meditations in English.

A Contemplation of Heaven: with an Exercise of Love, and A Descant on the Prayer in the Garden.

Obedience and Government.

Tabulae Suffragiales, by which it appears he wrote a piece called Sonitus Buccinae, which was condemned at Rome by the Cardinals.

John Whitgift Archbishop of Canterbury.

He had an Uncle called Robert Whitgift, Abbot of the Monastery of Wellow in Lincolnshire, who teaching divers young Gentlemen, took like pains also with him. In which time (as he was pleased often to remember) he heard his Uncle the Abbot say, Sir George Pawle in his life That they, and their Religion could not long continue, because (said he) I have read the whole Scripture over and over, and could never finde therein, that our Religion was founded by God. And for proof of his opinion, the Abbot would alledge that saying of our Saviour Matth. 15.13. Every plant which my hea­venly Father hath not planted. shall be rooted out.

He never preached, but he first wrote his Notes in Latine, and afterward kept them during his Life.

There were several writings between him and Thomas Cartwright about the Ceremonies.

CHAP. VIII.

JOhn Wicliff, a most incomparable Schoolman.

He followed William Ockam much, he is often quoted by him, and styled, Anno 1377. Joannes Wi­cliffe fac [...]ae Theologiae Professor & Ecclesiae Pa­rochialis de Lutterworth in Leycestriae Comitatu Re­ctor multa in Romanam curiam consuetudinemque O [...]onii disputavit, eadem è suggestu coram populo ac proceribus saepe prae­dicavit. Huic Lancastriae dux & è plebe permulti adhaerere coeperunt. Gregorius autem Papa veritus ne e [...]us sua­sione Angli deficerent, ad Regem, Archiepiscopum, Episcopos & Oxoniensis Academiae Canceliarium acriter scri­psit, u [...] cum aut coercerent aut prorsus abscinderent. Antiquit Britan. pag 258. Joannes Wiclefus Anglus, in Aca­demia Oxoniensi Theologiae Professor. Sit hoc tuum & inprimis verum & immorrale decus Anglia, quamvis à te postea commaculatum, quod Joannem Wiclefum edideris, primò ausum post multa secula Romanae meretrici se­curè inebritatis Europae regibu [...] illudenti, belium palam indicere: idque tanto successu; ut jam tum vulnus gladio verbi divini abs te vibrato inflictum acceperit, quod ut ad tempus sanatum videri poteris, semper tamen recruduit ac randem lethale Dei beneficio evasit. Bezae leon. Vir. Illust. Vixit in Anglia Joannes Vvicleuus ad an [...]m salutis 1393. Is contra Pontificatum Romanum multa scripsit, quae post in Bohemiam delata fuerunt. Erat tùm Pragae nobilis Academia, florebat etiam ibi Joannes Hussus professione Theologus, hic Vviclevi doctrinam ut piam atque salutatem pro concione celebrabat, & longe lateque propagabar. Sleid De [...]tatu Relig. & Repub. l. 14. Vide Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 18. Baleum De Script. Britan. Cent. 6. Pezel. Mellis. Hist part. 3. Inceptor Ockam.

John Hus was his Scholar, he brought his Books and Doctrine into Bohemia.

He being the publick Reader in the University of Oxford, was for the rude time wherein he lived, famously reputed for a great Clerk, and expert in all kinde of Philosophy.

He flourished about the year of our Lord 1371. Edward the third reigning in England. He was called Doctor Evangelicus.

He was born in the North, and to this day some of his name and family do there yet remain, to whom I am allied.

He was brought up in Merton Colledge in Oxford, and removed thence to Queens Colledge.

He was beloved of all good men for his good life, and greatly admired of all his adversaries for his Learning and knowledge both in Divinity and humanity. He was Doctor in Divinity almost thirty years, and for some time Parson of Lutter­worth in Leicestershire. See Camden there.

Divers Works of his in written-hand remain in our Oxford-Library.

He translated the whole Bible into English, with Prefaces and Arguments to every book.

In his Trialogus. or Body of Divinity, l. 4. c. 7. he saith,

Id [...]o si centum essent Papae & omnes fratres essent versi in Cardinales, non deberet conce [...]isententiae suae in materia fidei, nisi de quanto se fundaverit in Scriptura. He also saith, Papa est abominatio desolationis in abstracto. And Ch. 36. Olim Episcopi nostri di­cuntur pseudofratres tanquam Diabolos odivisse, cum in tempore Domini Armachani, dicuntur ipsum in sumptibus contra hos pseudo ordines defendisse. Sed modo facti sunt amici Herodes & Pilatus, qui prius inter se fuerant inimici.

There is also his Dialogus, and De Veritate Scripturae, and divers other Manu­scripts of his well worthy the publishing.

Yet he had his errours, lib. 2. of that Book, cap. 10. he saith, Angelos adoramus.

See those Scriptures against that opinion, Deut. 4.19. & 17.3. Col. 2.18. Apoc. 9.10. & 20.8, 9.

He grants Purgatory also l. 4. c. 22. of that book. Yet he was the first (saith Bale) who in that dark age brought truth to light, and was bold openly to confesse Christ before the whole Synagogue of Satan, and to reveal the filthinesse of the great Whore.

Fuit Wicleffus sectarius plane nostrorum hodie Evangelicorum vervex, fuit omnium quae tam longe latéque grassantur, haeresion seminarium. Harpsf. Praefat. ad Histor. Anglic. Eccles.

[Page 366] Roger Widdrington a learned School-Divine, as his Works both in English and Latine shew. Riv. Reg. An­glic. in Hibern. defens. adversus Analect. l. 2. p. 58. His right name was Preston, for Widdrington was a plain illiterate man. He and Blackwell took the Oath of Allegiance.

He wrote to the Pope, and earnestly beg'd of him, that the Papists here might take that just Oath of Allegiance [...]o the King, and refuted Bellarmine, who oppo­sed it with strong reasons.

This Oath (viz. of Allegiance) according to every part and parcel of the same may be lawfully taken by any Catholick, as have averred both M. Widdrington, Sir William Howard, and others. Widdrington in his New-years-gift, hath suffici­ently proved, that besides the authority of many famous Divines, it was the opi­nion of the chiefest secular Priests in England. Doctor Featleys Animadvers. on Vert. Rom.

Vir antiquae fidei cordatis­simus Baro, Hungarus: qui eam dili­gentiam [...]in linguam Sy­riacam addis­cendam adhi­buit: ut etiam sua operâ, totum Novum Testamentum habeamus, Syris Characteribus perbellè excusum, excepta tamen Apocalypsi, & Epistolis secundis Petri & Johannis, cum ea quae est Judae, quod ei tunc in manum non essent. Pet. Vict. Cajet. Palm. Paradig. Ling. Syriac. Albertus Widmanstadius, a famous man, and well skilled in the Orientall Tongues.

He was Chancellor to Ferdinand the wise Prince of the Romans, and by his com­mandment and great liberality, was imployed in the Edition of all the New Testa­ment in Syriack, in a fair character, save the Which were since published by De Dieu, and Mr. Pocock. Apocalypse, and four Epistles, the 2 d of Peter, the 2 d and 3 d of John, that of Jude, which Work was generally much esteemed by Christians.

Joannes Wierus, a learned Germane.

Laudatum multis scripsit Opus de Vene­ficis & sagis: in quo quantum in Theologiâ, in Jurisprudentia, Medicina, Philosophia profecerit; re ipsa declarat; argumenta ex illarum disciplinarum fontibus desumta ad ferendo. Melch. Ad. in ejus vita.Some commend his Book De praestigiis Damonum for a most learned and elegant piece.

Vir fuit in­genio doctri­naque prae­stans, cujus vita sobria & honesta aliis esset exemplo. Erat summa humanitas in hoc Theologo cum gravitate conjuncta. Munificus quoque & liberalis in egenos. Melch. Ad. in ejus vita. Jo. Wigandus, He was born at Mansfield, Anno Christi 1523.

Many years before his death, he made this Epitaph for himself,

In Christo vixi, morior vivoque Wigandus:
Do sordes morti: caetera, Christe, tibi.

The sayings of the Scripture, with which he sustained himself against temptati­ons on his death-bed, were these, Joh. 3.16. Mat. 11.29. 1 Joh. 1.7. The bloud of Jesus Christ his Son cleanseth us from all sin.

He left many Works which are mentioned by Melchior Adam.

Andrew Willet.

A laborious godly Divine.

He printed thirty three Books.

Nigellus Wireker, an ancient Poet.

He largely toucheth the corrupt living and hypocrisie of his time, chiefly in Bishops, Priests, Abbots, Monks, Canons and Nuns: His Book is all in old La­tine Verses, Bales second Part of the Acts of Eng­lish Votaries, pag. 88. and 89. and is named Speculum stultorum, the glasse of fools, that every disso­lute Prelate might behold his folly therein.

Ralph Winterton. Greek Professour in Cambridge.

There are his Observations on Hesiod printed, with the minor Greek Poets.

And he hath translated some others.

[Page 367] Jo. Quo neque probiorem, ne­que G [...]aece eruditiorem sua aetas tulit. Scalig. Elench-Trihaeres. Se­rar. cap. 23. Wolfius, Anno Christi 1537.

He was born at Zurick a famous City of the Helvetians, he was a great Philosopher and Divine, skilfull in the chief Languages, an excellent Hi­storian.

He had learned Masters.

Audivit viros undiquaque doctissimos Argentorati Germaniae Tullium J Sturmium. Wittembergae politioris literaturae parentem Melancthonem: Tubingae sui seculi Philosophorum principem Jacobum Scheckium. Biturigibu [...] Gallorum legalis prudenti [...] Coryphaeos Jacobum Cuiacium, Franciscum Rossardum, Antonium Contium Hugo­nem Donellum. Melch. Ad. in ejus vita.

He used this Symbole, Pietate & Labore, which he excellently exprest in his whole life.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

That Book of his, entitled Lectionum memorabilium & reconditorum Centenarii XVI. is well esteemed. Natus anno 1516. Qui vertendis libris Graecis & illustrandae historiae Bizantinae tam egregiam operam navavit. Thuan. Commen. De vita sua l. 2. Vide etiam ejus Hist. Tom. 3. l. 71. Et Neand. Geog. part. 1.

Hieronymus Wolphius, a general Scholler, but an excellent Grecian.

He was famous for his faithfull turning many Greek Authours into Latine, as Zonaras, Nicetas, Gregoras, the chief writers of the Constantinopolitan History, Isocrates, Demosthenes.

He died ex calculo litteratis fexè fatali, of that disease which is almost fatal to Stu­dents, the Stone.

Olaus Wormius, Professor of Physick in the University of Hafnia.

There are these Works of his Liber aurens Philosophorum.

Monumenta Danica.

Literatura Danica.

Museum Wormianum in Folio.

He refers to four Classes, Rariora, quae Museum suum tenet, Fossilium, Vege­tabilium, Animalium, & quae ex his Ars elaboravit.

Anthony Wotton, a learned Divine, as his Book De Justificatione & Reconciliatione peccatorum shews.

Edw. Wotton Edito de differentiis animalium commentario, clarum inter litteratos adeptus nomen. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 16. Oxoniensis, quo nemo de Ani­malibus libros unquam scripsit doctius & elegantius. Neand. Geog. Vide Gesn. lib. de avibus. Epist. ad Lectorem. a Physician born at Oxford.

He hath written a learned Book of living Creatures.

Sir Henry Wotton Provost of Eaton Colledge.

His Works are common.

Jo. Wonvverius Non nego pr [...]fecto eos, qui religionem reforman­dam suscepe­runt, multa quae fortasse dissuenda e­rant, pio sed improvido Zelo tota resci­disse. Hoc me serio im­probare apertè fateor: neque illa sententia heri aut hodie mihi nata, sed ex illo tempore quo aliquem veri gustum sensus communis mihi suggessit. Wower Epist. Cent. 1. Epist. XL. Dominico Baudio. Johannes à Wouweren con­scripsit bene longum Panegyricum in honorem Regis Danorum. Affectavit in eo sublime & floridum simul genus dicendi. Laudandus ob generosum conatum, etsi interdum languescit, & pellucet nimis aemulatio antiquorum Multa sunt quae non ignavo lectori placere possunt. Si currum interdum non bene moderatur, maguis tamen excidit ausis. Baud. Epist. Cent. 1. Epist. 83.Councellor to the Prince of Holsatia.

He was very learned, as his Works shew, especially his Polymathia, and his Epistle, and Book De Vmbra & Syntagma, de Bibliorum interpre­tatione.

Some much commend his Panegyrick to the King of Denmark. Joannes à Woweren (nosti credo hominem) Regi Daniae optimo & incomparabili principi, opti­mum quo (que) & incomparabilem Panegyricum scripsit. Epist. Wow. Dominicus Baudius Incomparabili amico Ioanni à Wower.

Incomparabilis vir Joannes à Woweren, quo nemo bodie vivit, quem pluris asti­mem, [Page 368] & cujus caussamagis velim. Baud. Epist. Cent. 4. Epist. 22.

He fell off from his Religion and turned Papist.

Baudius Cent. 1. Epist. Epist. 69. Christophoro Puteano & fratribus speaks of him, homo sui ostentator magnificus. Dempto certe hoc vitio, multa habet ingenii na­turaeque dona, quibus supra vulgus sapit, & illustrium virerum amicitiam meretur. Illud pre certo habetur cum Romae publicitus religionem abjurasse nullo metu qui in vi­rum constantem cadere possit, sed contemptu & inscitia pietatis, vel (quod his poten­tius est apud mentes praecipiti ambitione afflatas) spe consequendae alicujus opti­mae largitionis. Sed, ut audio, esca elapsa est, solum hamum retinuit. Vide plura ibid.

George Wirth or Wyrth.

He professeth, that in his old age, when he had served as a Physician in Brussels, and in King Philip the second his Court many years, he applied himself to the dif­ficult collating of the Evangelists (being then turned Protestant) for his last re­freshing.

He hath written

De vita Christi ex quatuor Evang.

Epit. lib. reliq. N. T.

Hortulus Animae militantis.

Memoriale Apostolicum.

CHAP. IX.

X

FRancis Xavier. Franciscus Xavier natione Hispanus, pa­tria Navarrus, vir plane Apo­stolicus, & se­culi nostri lumen, ab Vrbano octavo Pontif. Maximo glorioso Indiarum Apostoli titulo dècoratus. Epistolas admitabiles & divinae prudentiae refertissimas, quae ab Horatio Tursellino in Latinam singuam ex Hispanica conversae & in libros quatuor digestae. Biblioth. Script. Societ. Jes. ab Alegambe edita. Is Joannis Lusitaniae Regis rogatu ex Pontificis au­toritate missos in Orientem tota Indiae maritima ora inter pericula ac summos labores peragrata in penitissimas Ja­ponum terras verbo Dei lumen primus intulit, & magno infidelium numero ad Christum adjuncto in ipso Sinarum aditu. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 36.

He is called by the Papists The great Apostle of the Indies.

Horace Turseline in his Life hath one whole Chapter, to shew how he was once beaten by the Devil, as D r Hoyle in his Rejoynder, pag. 632, 633, 634. quotes out of him.

Jerome Xavier or Sciavier a Jesuite of Navarre.

He hath written the History of Christ in the Persian Language, which he de­dicated to Acaban the great Emperour of Mogoll, and hath corrupted it with idola­trous fables and superstitions.

Ludovicus De Dieu hath turned it into Latine, and written Animadversions upon it.

Xenophon. Xenophontem vero, quis sa­tis laudarit, nisi Xenophon­tis Musam in ore habuerit. Fuit hic corpore speciosus, mente sublimis, animo generosus, magnus bellator, praestans historicus, suavis Orator, non ignava opera Philosophus. Caussini Eloqu. Sac. & Human. Paral. lib. 1. cap. 35. Attica Musa & Apes Attica ob melleam dicendi suavitatem nuncupatus, cujus etiam voce Musas quasi locutas vulgò ferri solitum testatur Cicero in Oratore. Whear. De Meth [...]do Leg. Hist. part. 1. Sect. 10. Vide Voss. De Histor. Graec. l. 1. c. 5.

Auctor ille pra caeteris decori observantissimus, & quem non minus quàm Platonem Cicero sequitur. Naudaeus De Studio Militari. l. 1. p. 188.

His Works are in Greek and Latine in two Tomes.

[Page 369] Scipio Africanus had alwayes with him his books of the institution of Cyrus King of Persia.

Francis Ximenes Cardinal, Franciscus Xi­menius Cardi­nalis cujus pietati & ani­mi magnitudini tantum Hispania debet. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 10. Lib. XI. Illa ad omne aevum duratura Bibliorum Editio. Id. ibid. Hispanus ordinis Minorum ex Archiepiscopo Toletano Cardinalis, Complutensis Academiae in­stitutor, cum Hebraicae & Chaldaicae linguae peritissimus esset, sacra Biblia variis linguis Chaldea, Hebraea, Graeca & Latina Compluti summa accuratione Tomis 6. imprimi curavit. Leonique X. succulenta praefatione apposita demissè dicavit. Nomenclat. Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalium. the Archbishop of Toledo.

He is famous for the Biblia Complutensia, and for the magnificent University at Complute, which he built at his own charge.

Jo. Xiphilinus. Anno Aerae Christianae. 1056. Helv. Chron. Gulielmus Xy­landerus Augu­stanus utriusque linguae appri­mè peritus, & omnis anti­quitatis ac li­teraturae cum paucis hujus aevi comparandus, dum vixit cum sua egestate luctatus atque ob id fami non famae scri­bere existit [...]us. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 6. Utriusque linguae apprime gnarus, ad haec Philosophiae & Mathema­ticarum artium doctrina praestaus vir. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 35. Fuit ingenii subtilitate, judicii perspicacitate, memoriae foelicita te eximia praeditus: raro opus ullum solitus absolvere prius, quam typographis traderet: tan­tumque lucubrando semper promovit; quantum illi imprimendo absolverent. Nec unam interim rem solam un­quam agebat: sed plura simul successu felicissimo tractabat: & quia in animo & memoria meditationes suas ser­vabat, ideo in chartis pauca admodum annotabat. Logicus, Poeta, Mathematicus, Musicus, Historicus, Physicus, Latine, Graece & Hebraice doctus. Melch. Ad. in ejus vita.

There is his

Epitome Dionis Gr. & Lat.

William Xylander.

He was born Anno 1530.

He was very skilful in the Latine and Greek, and in all Antiquity and Learning scarce to be matched with any in his time.

He was both a faithfull and diligent Professour of the Greek at Hidelberg.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones, and by Melchior Adam in his Life.

CHAP. X.

Y

Dr. THomas Young, a Member of the Assembly of Divines, and a lear­ned Divine.

One very well versed in the Fathers.

He was the Authour of that excellent Treatise, entitled Dies Do­minica, and one of those five that made SMECTYMNVVS.

CHAP. XI.

Z

FRanciscus Zabarella, Franciscus de Zabarabellis Natione Pa­tavinus, Eccle­siae Romanae Presbyter Car­dinalis, vit in jure Canonico eruditissimus, & tam in di­vinis scripturis quam in secu­laribus literis nobiliter doctus, ingenio subtilis & clarus eloquio. Trithem. De Script. Eccles. Vixit circa annum 1406. Scriptum quoddam de Schismate & Concilio, acutum sane & eruditum, & liberum, contra Papae errores ac tyrannidem scripsit. Wolfii Lect. Memor. Tom. 1 o. Editum est ejus scriptum quoddam dë schismate & concilio acutum sanè & multa in eo contra Papae errorès ac tyrannidem scribit. Illyr. Catal Test. Verit. l. 19. Pontificio, ac Cesareo Jure, nec non dicendi facultate adeò insignis, ut meritò inter aevi sui oratores, Jurisperitos, & Ecclesiae Antistites principem obtineat locum. Tomasini Illust. Vir. Elog. Non vereretur ille dicere, defensoros Papae ita jus Cano­nicum suis glossis corrupisse, ut nihil tam illicitum sit quod sibi licere non credant; quippe quem supra Deum ipsum extulerint. Morn. Myst. Iniquit. a famous Canonist and Cardinal of Rome. He pub­lickly interpreted the Law at Padua and Florence, and wrote most learnedly on the Decretals, Clementines, of Canonical hours, of Schism.

Extant ornatissimae orationes, & plurimae, quas variis de rebus inter prae­sentes habuit. Itemque alio volumine elegantiores Epistolae collectae, quas scripsit ad absentes: Omnium verò libros oratorum, ac Poetarum, Historicorum quoque, qui sunt apud nos cogniti, & habentur in usu, ita diligenter legerat, ut eiam familiares haberet. Bernardinus Scardeonius De Clar. Jurecons. Pat.

He died at Constance, being commended highly in a funeral Oration by Poggius an eloquent man.

Jacobus Zabarella, Jacobus Za­barella nobilis Patavinus. Ad eloquentiam primùm & Graecas literas natura duce ferri visus est: dein ad Logicam, & Mathematicam facul­tatem, quòd iis studiis mira faelicitate proficiens, haud obscurum suae professionis specimen daret. Tomas. Illust. Vir. Elog. a good Philosopher.

He hath written several Logical and Physical Tracts.

Zaccutus Lusitanus. These are his Works

De Hist. Principum Medicorum, praxis Historiarum pharmacopaea & praxis me­dica admir. Fol. 2. Vol.

Hieronimus Zanchius, a solid and pious Divine.

[...] was one of the most Scholastical among the Protestants.

[...] Works are in three Tomes in Folio.

Musicae artis scientiâ, quam doctissimis illustravit Commentariis, clarissimus Thuanus Hist. Tom 5. lib. 122. [...]ephus Zarlinus, a famous Musician.

Hulricum vel Udalrichus Za­sius patriam habuit Con­stantiam ur­bem celebrem Sueviae. Ab ineunte aetare Philosophiae & studiis bonarum disciplinarum operam dedit. Postea Jurispru­dentiae summa diligentia incumbens, in ea perfectissimam cognitionem acquisivit. Boissard. Icones, & Box­horn. Monum. Illust. Vir. & Elog. Joannes Vlricus Zasius, Anno Dom. 1461.

Humani juris intelligentia cum exactissimis scriptoribus conferendus, saith Paulus Jovius of his Father.

One of the chief Germane Lawyers.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Bibliotheca, and Melchior Adam in his Life.

He put out his Fathers Book Responsorum singularium, and the second part Sin­gularium intellectuum.

[Page 371] Zenodotus. Vixit sub Pto­lomaeo primo, ejusque praefuit Bibliothecae: sed caussae satis non video cur inter historicos debeat referri. Nam versificator qui­dem & Grammaticus fuit, primusque Homerum emendate est aggressus, nobilis criticus, unde Bibaculus in Catonem, ‘En cor Zenodoti, enjecur Cratetis.’

Sed cur historicum putent aliqui, nondum liquer. Imò ne illud quidem apertum est, an hujus sint Zenodoti. Voss. De Histor. Graec. l. 1. c. 11.

Gulîel. Zepperus, a learned Protestant Writer.

There are several Works of his

De politia Ecclesiastica.

Legum Mosaicarum sorensium explanatia.

Ars habendi & audiendi conciones.

Sylva Hom. in Textus Dom.

De Sacramentis.

Jacobus Zieglerus. Quis eò La­tinas literas, quo Romana arma penetra­re nequiverior, pervenisse non miretur? Paul. Jov. Elog. Doct. Vir. Vide Pier. Valer. Hierog. i. 6. c, 16.

He was born and brought up among the Gothes, yet wrote pure Latine. He was skilfull in the Mathematicks.

De Christierno 20 R. Denmarcheae Christiani Daniae R. attenta in Sueciam cum clade urbis Hulmiae.

Bernard Zigler, Bernardus Zigler eximius Theologus, genere, virtute, doctrina, pietate praestans. Camerar. Proaem. ad Roman.

Zoilus. Aelianus l. 11. Var. Hist. c. 10. docet vocatum fuisse Canem Rhetoricum: Rhetoricum quidem, quia sophista esset, & eleganti dictione uteretur: Canem autem, quia stylo mordaci adlatraret summos viros: atque adeò Homerum ipsum, adversus quem Grammati­ca quaedam libris IX. scripsit, ut Suidas indicat. Indeque factum, ut omnes alienarum laudum obtrectatores, Zoili dicerentur. Ovid. l. 1. De Remed. Amor.

Ingenium magni livor detrectat Homeri
Quisquis es, ex illo, Zoile, nomen habes.

Etiam adversus Platonom, & Isocratem, calamum strinxit, ut ex eodem Aeliano, ac Suida, constat: Voss. De Histor. Graec. lib. 1. cap. 15.

Johannes Zonaras a Greek Monk, he flourished Anno Dom. 1120.

He wrote three Books of Annals, Vixit & scri­psit post an­num Domini millesimum & centesimum, ut patet ex ejus annalibus. Forbes. Instruct. Histor. Theol. l. 5. c. 17. Historiam Catholicam scripsit, ab initio mundi ad sui aevi Imperatocis Alexii Commenii obitum. Eam in tres tomos dispertivit. Whear. Meth. Leg. Hist. part. 1. Sect. 23. in which he comprehended Universal History from the beginning of the world even to the death of Alexius Comenus Emperour of the Grecians, who died Anno 1118.

His History in Greek and Latine is in three Tomes.

Zosimus. Zosimus Impe­rii declinatio­nem descripsit, ab Octaviano Caesare exorsus, ad urbem à Gothis, Alatico duce, captam, libris sex. Vixit tempore Theodosi Junio­ris: Dictio ejus brevis, perspicua, pura & suavis. Ita de eo Photius. Homo fuit quidem Paganus, atque inde principes Christianos frequenter sugillat. Whear. Method. Leg. Hist. civil. part. 1 Sect. 23.

There is his History in Greek and Latine, in six Books.

D r Richard Zouch, a learned Civilian of Oxford.

There are his

Elementae Juris prudentiae.

Descriptio Juris & Judicii feudalis, &c.

The Dove of Cosmography.

[Page 372] Doctissimus ipse & erudi­torum fautor egregius. In Italiam veni­enti, nec opi­nanti, de supe­riore loco Caesareas institutiones interpretandi provincia à Patavinis demandatur. Hic praeclaros illos libros in X. Tit. qui de Testamentis Commentarios adornavit; sibique non tam popularis aurae captandae, quam bene de Re­publica merendi studio passius est. Quo quidem libro. si molem spectes, in speciem fortasse exiguo; sin rerum utilitatem ponderumque momenta aestimes, diffusis aliorum voluminibus anteponendo Italiam qua pater, do­ctrinae fama con [...]urbavit, & praeclarum illud Alciati Elogium promeruit, Magnae spes altera Romae. Auberti Miraet Elogia Belgica. Vide Suffrid. Pet. De Scriptoribus Frisiae Decadem Duodecimam. Vigilius Zuichemus.

He had all those accomplishments which are required in a compleat Professour of the Law, being very much versed in the Theory and practice of the Law. He had an exact knowledge of the Circle of the Arts, and of History, he had skill in the Greek, Latine, the Germane, French and Italian Tongues.

Celeberrimi Doctoris Ja­cobi Zuingeri filius, & magni Theodori nepos. Tossan. De vita & obitu Joannis Buxtorf. Theodorum Zuingerum Basilia prorulit natum anno Christi, millesimo, quingentesimo, trigesimo tertio-Scripta quae edidit, sunt partim Historica & Philologica, partim Medica: & inter illa quidem familiam ducit ingens illud Theatrum: quo toram hanc vitam, quae humanae sunt considerationis, mirâ inveniendi felicitate, singulari disponendi industriâ & delectu exemplorum ita proposuit facilè ut appareat, auctorem methodi fuisso, si quisquam alius nunc est, studio­sum & artificem summum. Melch. Ad. in ejus vita. Theodorus Zuingerus.

His great Work, entitled Vita humanae theatrum, got him a great name.

Basilius Amberbachius hearing of his death, broke out with sighs into these words, Piget me vivere post tantum virum: cujus magna fuit doctrina; sed exigua, si cum pietate conferatur. It irks me to live after so great a man, whose Learning was great, but small if it be compared with his piety.

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Anno Christi 1569 Fuit vir bonus; doctus, pius: qui laboriosa vitae ratione Spartam suam ornavit: & lucubrationibus reipub. literariae subservire co­natus est. Melch. Ad. in ejus vita. Jacobus Zuingerus.

The Son of the afore-named Zuingerus.

His Works are mentioned by Melchior Adam.

There is his

Principiorum Chymicorum examen.

Huldricus Zuninolius, Anno 1487.

Natione Hel­vetius, vir verè pius & solide doctus, cum in omni literarum genere, tum in sacra [...] [...]hilosophia, & tribus linguis eruditissimis, Latina inquam, Graeca & Hebraica, atque in vernaculo, id est, Germanico sermone disertissimus, immortali laude apud omnem posteritatem dignus: quem adolescens olim Vetus Testamentum Latine Tiguri enarrantem, & in Ecclesiis Ger­manice verbum Dei enucleantem, audivi: sed prob dolor nimium brevi tempore Gesn. Biblioth. Zuinglius etiam vir fortis alioquin & animosus, cum secum reputaret, quod si domi resideret, ac prae [...]um fortè fieret adversum, fore, ut magnam ipse sustineret invidiam, quasi concionibus quidem accenderet hominum animos, in ipso autem dis­crimine mollesceret, voluit omnino Communem subire mortem. In corpus autem examine adeo saevitum fuit, & vix etiam illius morte potuit odii [...]cerbiras exaturari. Natus erat annos quadraginta quatuor, junior Luthero quatuor annis. Sleid. De Statu Relig. & Reipub. Comment. lib. 8. Repertus est multis vulneribus confectus Zuinglius, qui primus ad Helvetios attulit pestifera Lutheranorum dogmata: eisque ob singularem, qua maximè inter Helvetios flor [...]bat, opimonem virtutis, doctrinae & sapientiae, assidue imperitorum animos imbuebat: cog­nitum postea est, pagum qui Tigutinus appellatur, quique omnium infidelium habetur caput, ex CCC. Senatori­bus, ad septem tàntúm (que) eo confecto praelio esse redactum. Sadolet. Epist. l 7. Accolitus Sadoleto. Vide Epist. Oecolamp. & Zuing. lib. 4. pag. 211.As Germany admired her Luther, so Helvetia her Zuinglius.

He was skilfull in the Greek and Hebrew Tongues, though hard to be got at that time, using the best Professours; he had a great memory, being able to repeat Valerius Maximus and S t Paul by heart, whose Epistles he had copied out. He frequently disputed with both Papists and Catabaptists, whereof Fran­ciscus Lambertus then a minorite Fryer being one, was (as he thankfully ac­knowledged) hereby reclaimed, and became afterwards a great Light in the Church.

Stando confecit omnia sua studia, certas eis vendicans horas, quas etiam non omisit [Page 373] nisi seriis coactus. A summo mane ad horam decimam lectioni, interpretationi, Osvaldus My­conius De vita & obitu Zuin­glii. Vide plura ibid. do­ctrinae, scriptioni dabat operam, prout temporis & rerum postulabat ratio. Post pran­dium audiebat vel narrantes, vel consilia rogitantes, aut confabulabatur, aut deam­bulabat cum amicis, usque ad horam secundam, hinc etiam reditus ad labores. Post Coenam ubi paulisper deambulasset, fere literis scribendis vocabat, interdum ad mediam usque noctem nihil agens aliud.

The Tigurius being compelled to warre against their enemies, Zuinglius was slain in the battel.

It is the manner of Zurick, that when they go forth in warfare, the chief Mi­nister of their Church goeth with them. Zuinglius also of himself being a man of a stout and bold courage, considering that if he should tarry at home, and they should go by the worse, what displeasure he should sustain, as one that in his Ser­mons would encourage, and himself faint, when any danger was; would needs take such part as others.

Sir Thomas More in his Preface to the Confutation of Tyndals Answer, hath this bitter passage, Zuinglius that first brought into Switzerland that abominable Heresie against the blessed Sacrament of the Altar, was by the hand of God this year slain in plain battel against the Catholiques, with many a thousand of his wretched Sect, being in number to the Catholiques three against one, and as proud­ly, and with his malicious purpose invading them, as ever did the Egyptians pursue the children of Israel.

His Works are published in four Tomes, mentioned by Boissard,

After his body was cut first in four peeces, and then consumed with fire, three dayes after his death his friends came to see whether any part of him was remaining, where they found his heart in the ashes whole and unburned.

FINIS.

AN ALPHABETICAL TABLE.

A
  • ABarbinel, p. 105
    • His name is written se­veral wayes. The best Jewish Expositor, and the time when he flou­rished. ibid.
  • Abbot Bishop of Salisbury, 106
    • Which of his Works are best liked, ib.
  • Abelardus. 106
    • Of great note in his time. ibid.
  • Abraham taught the Mathematicks first among the Chaldeans. 40
  • Academies, 65
    • How called now and heretofore, ibid.
    • Were alwayes built in some famous City, ibid.
    • Four weighty causes of them, 65, 66
    • Set up in many places, 66
  • Acontius. 107
  • Accursius, 106, 107
    • When he flourished, 106
    • The first that wrote a Glosse upon all the Civil Law, 107
  • Adrian the Emperour a learned Prince and great Grecian, 107
  • Pope Adrian the fourth, an Englishman, born at S t Albans, 107
    • Kill'd with a Fly, ibid.
  • Pope Adrian the sixth a poor mans son of Vtrecht, 107
    • A learned man, ibid.
    • Would not change his name when made Pope. ibid.
    • Thought to be poysoned, ibid.
  • Adversaria, what. 344. m.
  • Aegidius Romanus, when he lived, 108
  • Aelian, when he lived, 108
    • His Books liked, ibid.
  • Paulus Aemylius of Verona, an eloquent Writer, 108
    • Spent thirty years about his History, ib.
  • Aeneas Sylvius, after Pope Pius the se­cond, when he lived, 108
    • Very learned, ibid.
    • Preferred a General Councel before the Pope, till he was made Pope, ibid.
  • Joannes Aepinus, 108
  • Aeschines the Orator, ibid.
    • His contest with Demosthenes, ibid.
  • Aeschylus the Tragedian, 109
    • He first published Tragedies, and was slain by the shell of a Tortoise on his head. ibid.
  • Agapetus Diaconus, a learned and holy man. ibid.
  • Agobardus, when he lived. 109
  • Rodolphus Agricola a great Scholler, ibid.
    • Verses made on him by Hermolaus Barbarus, ibid.
  • Georgius Agricola a learned man also, ibid.
  • Henricus Cornelius Agrippa a great Scholler, but too much given to Magick, ibid.
  • Ainsworth, a learned Expositor. 110
  • D. Alabaster an excellent Poet, ibid.
  • Albategnius a famous Mathematician, ibid.
  • Albertus Magnus a great Scholler, ibid.
  • Leander Albertus a learned man, ibid.
  • Leo Bapt. Albertus a learned man of the [Page] [...] [Page] [...] [Page] [...] [Page] [...] [Page] same family. 110
  • Gabriel Albaspinaeus a great Antiquary. ibid.
    • His Epitaph. ibid.
  • Edmund Albertine a learned Protestant Divine, ibid.
  • Albon-Hall in Oxford. 99
  • ` Alchimy what, 52, 53
  • Alchimists, why obscure, 206
  • Alcoran, the word of God with the Turks 8
    • It is written in Arabick verse, and stuft with fopperies, ibid.
  • Andrew Alciate, the first that wrote learned Notes on the Civil Law, 111.
    • A very learned man, ibid.
    • Verses of him by Arias Montanus and Stephanus Paschasius, ibid.
  • Flaccus Albinius, or Alcuinus, a learned Englishman, Schoolmaster of Charles the Great, and one of the Founders of the University of Paris, ibid.
    • Was not Bedes Scholler, ibid.
  • Vlysses Aldrovandus hath written lear­nedly of all living Creatures, 112
  • Hieronymus Aleander a very learned Cardinal. ibid.
    • Had a great memory, ibid.
  • Alexander the Great, a great Scholler and Souldier both, ibid.
    • Aristotles Scholler, ibid.
    • He laid Homers Iliads still under his pillow when he slept, 225
    • There were two learned Alexanders, ibid. marg.
  • Alexander de Hales an Englishman of Glocestershire, and a great Schoolman, 112
    • He wrote a copious Summe of Divi­nity, ibid.
  • Alexander Alesius a Scotchman of later times, and a great Divine, ibid.
  • Alexander ab Alexandro a Lawyer of Naples, ibid.
  • Alexandria famous for the profession of Physick, 45
  • Alhazen a famous Writer of Opticks, 112
  • Leo Allatius a natural Grecian, and great Scholler, ibid.
  • Muhamedes Alfraganus a great Hebrew Astronomer, 113
  • Alfred King of England, learned himself, and an encourager of learned men, ibid.
  • Algebra a famous invention in Arithme­tique, 41
  • Thomas Allen a learned man, 113
  • Peter de Alliaco a Romish Cardinal, a fa­mous Mathematician and Divine. ibid.
  • All-Souls-Colledge in Oxford, 97
  • Alphonsus King of Arragon a great A­stronomer and advancer of Learning, 113
  • Petrus Alphonsus, a Jew who turned Christian, ibid.
    • And why he was called Peter, and why Alphonsus, ibid & 114
  • John Henry Alsted industrious, but a great Collector, ibid.
  • D. Henry Alting, ibid.
    • Escaped a great danger ibid.
  • Henry Alting his Son, ibid.
  • Didacus Alvarez a famous Spanish Di­vine, and orthodox for the most part about Predestination, ibid.
  • Sixtinus Amama, a learned and modest Dutchman, ibid.
  • Ambrose Bishop of Milane, ibid.
    • His answer to Theodosius the Emperor ibid.
    • A swarm of Bees setled on his face when he was an infant, ibid
    • When he flourished, ibid.
    • Was a Christian and Divine together, ibid.
  • Dr. Ames a judicious and solid Divine, 115
  • Amiraldus a learned French Divine, ibid.
  • Gulielmus de Sancto Amore, a valiant Champion of Christ, ibid.
  • Ammonius Alexandrinus a great Philoso­pher, ibid.
  • Amphilochius, when he flourished, ibid.
  • Anacreon a famous French Poet, ibid
  • Annals, what they are, and how they dif­fer from History, 46. m.
  • Annals of Baronius usefull but faulty, 128
  • Anastasius the Popes Library-keeper, 115
  • Anastasius Synaita, when he lived, ibid.
    • He had several names, ibid.
  • Petrus Ancharanus or Ancorananus, when he flourished, ibid.
  • Bishop Andrews, ibid.
  • Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury, the first that forbad Priests Marriage, 116
    • When he flourished, ibid.
    • Two Anselms, one the author of the Interlineary Glosse, ibid.
  • Marcus Antoninus Emperor, the greatest Philosopher of his time, 116
    • Why he was called Pius, ibid.
  • Antoninus of Florence when he lived, ibid.
  • [Page] Marcus Antonius de Dominis, 116
  • Marcus Antonius of Genua, ibid.
  • Alex. Aphrodisaeus, one of the first Inter­preters of Aristotle. ib.
  • Petrus Apianus a famous Mathematician 116
  • Petrus Aponensis or Aponius, a great Physician and Philosopher, 116, 117
  • Apollinaris the Father and Son both He­reticks, 117
  • Sidonius Apollinaris, when he lived, ibid.
  • Apollonius a Roman Senator and Martyr 117
  • Apollonius Pergaeus a great Mathematician 117
  • Apollonius Rhodius, why called Rhodius, ib.
    • He wrote Argonantica. ibid.
  • Appianus Alexandrinus when he lived, ib.
  • Apuleius a Platonick Philosopher, and learned Writer, ibid.
  • Aquila converted from Judaism, he tran­slated the Old Testament into Greek, 118
    • When he flourished, ibid.
  • Thomas Aquinas born at Aquinus in Italy. ibid.
    • His witty Answer to Pope Innocent 3. 232
    • A great Schoolman. 118
    • Why called the Angelical Doctor, 118
    • How he got his knowledge, ibid.
    • He was intent upon his studies, 118
    • Verses of him, ibid.
    • When he lived, ibid.
  • Arabick Language, 59, 60
    • Very ancient, of large extent, ele­gant, profitable and easie, ibid.
    • Near to the Hebrew, Chaldee and Syriack, 60
  • Aratus an ancient Poet. 118
  • Archimedes a famous Mathematician, ib
    • He was very much addicted to the stu­dy of the Mathematicks, ibid. & 119
    • His Sphere, ibid.
  • Peter Aretine called Divine Aretine, yet a wanton Writer, ibid.
  • Leonardus Aretinus, a learned Historian, Orator and Philosopher. ibid.
  • Benedictus Aretius famous for three Works, ibid.
  • Architas Tarentinus the greatest Mathe­matician of his time, ibid.
  • Joannes Argyropylus a great Scholler, ibid.
  • Joannes Argenterius a learned Physician, but too censorious, ibid.
  • Aristophanes, a great Comedian, the first that called himself Philologus, 119
    • An obscene Writer, esteemed by Chrysostom, ibid.
  • Gregorius Ariminensis sound in the Do­ctrine of Grace and Free-will, ibid.
    • When he lived, ibid.
  • Aristotle born at Stagira, Plato's Schol­ler, Alexanders Master, a great Phi­losopher, and the chief of Peripateticks, 120
    • He invented and perfected the Art of Logick, ibid.
  • Arithmetique what it is, its excellency, and who first brought it into an Art, 41
  • Armachanus a great Schollar, and an enemy to Fryers, brought up in Oxford 120
    • Why Petavius cals the Jansenians Ar­machani, 229
  • Jacobus Arminius a learned man and of a strict life: 120
  • Arnobius a great Rhetorician, Lactanti­us his Master, 121
    • When he lived, ibid.
  • Arnoldus de Villa-Nova a learned Spani­ard, ibid.
    • When he lived, ibid.
  • Arrianus a faithfull Greek Historian, ibid.
    • He imitates Xenophon, ibid.
  • Art, what an Art is, and how the Arts are distinguished, 36, 37
  • The Liberal Arts why so called, and which are they, ibid.
  • What authors are to be read in all Arts, 37
  • Arzabel a great Astronomer. 121
  • Asconius Pedianus a famous Historian, 121
  • Roger Ascham Secretary to Queen Eli­zabeth, the only Englishman who hath written a Volume of Latine Epistles, ibid.
    • When he flourished, ibid.
  • Aspasia a learned woman, ibid.
  • Astrolabe by whom invented, 221
  • Astrology distinguished from Astronomy, and condemned, 50, 51
  • Astronomy, 43
  • Athanasius Bishop of Alexandria, the Maul of Hereticks, 121
    • Why called Great, ibid & 122
    • When he lived, 121. m.
  • Athenagoras a Philosopher, who wrote an Apology for Christians, 122
  • Athenaeus, when he lived, ibid.
    • Casaubone hath written learned Notes [Page] on him, 122
  • Athens, 67, 68
  • Joannes Aventinus when he was born, 122.
  • Commended, ibid.
  • Avignion, 84
  • Averroes a Commentator upon Aristotle 122.
  • When he flourished, ibid.
  • Avicenna a famous Philosopher and Phy­sician. When he lived, 45. & 122
  • Augustine Bishop of Hippo, 122
    • The most accomplished that ever wrote since the Apostles times, ibid
    • When he was born, ibid.
    • Famous for two Works. 123.
    • He well confutes the Pelagians, Pa­pists, Brownists and Socinians. ibid.
    • His Books De Doctrina Christiana, and De civitate Dei commended, but his Com­ment on the Psalms is most disliked, ibid.
  • Antonius Augustinus a great Scholler, ibid
  • Joannes Auratus the Kings Professor for Greek in Paris, and the chiefest Poet of his time, 123, 124
  • Decius Ansonius a learned French Poet, Master to Gratian the Emperor, 124
  • Azo a great Lawyer, ibid.
  • Azorius a learned Jesuite. ib.
  • Mart. ab Azpilzeuta a learned Casuist, ib.
B
  • ROger Bacon a great Mathematician, but no Magician. 125
  • Sir Francis Bacon a great Philosopher, ib.
  • John Baconthorp or Bacon a learned Eng­lishman, ibid.
  • Jodocus Badius Ascensius a learned Philo­sopher, Physician and Poet. ibid.
  • Paul Bain a judicious Divine. 125
  • Roger Bain a learned Englishman, Pro­fessour of the Hebrew at Paris, ibid.
    • He hath written on the Proverbs of Salomon,
  • Francis Balduine a Protestant first, but fell off afterward to Popery, 126
    • An Epitaph of him, ibid.
  • Baldus Perusinus a famous Lawyer and Scholler to Bartolus, 126
    • When he flourished, ibid.
  • Bernardinus Baldus Vrbinas a great Ar­tist and Linguist, 126
  • John Bale one of the first English Prote­stant Preachers in the time of King Hen­ry the 8 th. 125
    • D. Humfries Verses of him. His Works, ib.
  • M. I. Ball a learned and pious Divine, 126
  • Baliol-Colledge, 96
  • Balsac an eloquent Frenchman, 126
  • Theodore Balsamon one of the chief of the Greek Canonists. ib.
  • Dominic. Bannes a famous Dominican. ib.
  • William and John Barclay, 127
  • Francis Barbarus a learned Venetian, ib.
  • Hermolaus Barbarus one of the great re­storers of Learning, ibid.
  • Petrus Angelus Bargaeus a learned Poet, ib.
  • Peter Baro, ibid.
  • Gaspar Barlaeus a great Poet, ibid.
  • Caesar Baronius. 127, 128
  • Justus Baronins changed his name, ibid.
  • Robert Baronius a learned Scotchman, ib.
    • Verses of him, ibid.
  • Gul. Sallustius Bartasse an excellent French Poet. ibid.
  • Gaspar Barthius a learned Germane. ibid.
  • Bartolus de Saxoferrato a great Lawyer, 129
  • Basil the Great, 129.
  • Why so called, ib.
  • Basil Bish. of Selencia, when he lived, 129
  • Basil an University, when founded, 68
  • Dominicus Bandius an elegant Poet, 129
  • Bernardus Bauhusius made a Book of the Virgin Mary by changing one Verse a 1022 wayes, 129
  • Martinus Becanus a learned Jesuite, ibid.
  • Christoph. Beckman a learned Linguist, ib.
  • Beda an Englishman, the learnedst man of his time, 130
    • Why called venerable, 130
  • William Bedwell, skilfull in the oriental Tongues, 130
  • W. Bedle a learned Bishop of Ireland, 131
  • Robert Bellarmine commended, 131
  • William Bellay, 132
  • Francis de Belleforest, a learned French Historian, 132
  • Petrus Bellonius, 132
  • Peter Bembus a learned Venetian and Cardinal. 132, 133
  • R. Benjamin a famous Jewish Geogra­pher. ib.
  • Antonius Benivenius, 133
  • Paulus Benius. 133
  • Berengarius a learned Frenchman, the first that was counted an heretick for de­nying Transubstantiation. ib.
  • Bernard, when he lived. 133.
  • A learned Writer in those obscure dayes. 133, 134
  • Philippus Beroaldus, 134
    • Two Philippi Beroaldi both Bononians, and of the same age, and learned, ibid
  • Matthaeus Beroaldus both learned and pious. ib.
  • Bertramus a learned man. 134
  • Bonaventure Cornelius Bertram a famous Hebrician, 135
  • Bessarion made Cardinal for his Learning 135.
    • [Page]He and two others brought Greek and pure Latine into Europe, ibid.
  • Xystus Betuleius a learned Writer, ibid.
  • Theodore Beza commended, 135
  • Bibles divers, 136, 137
  • Theodorus Bibliander a good Linguist, 137
  • Gabriel Biel, 137
  • Nicolas Biesius a learned Dutchman. ibid.
  • Hier. Bignonius, 137
  • Eberardus Bilichius, 137
  • Jacobus Billius Prunaeus a great Grecian, 138
  • Thomas Bilney, 138
  • Bishop Bilson rose by his Learning, 138
  • Laelius Bisciola a learned Italian, 138
  • Bilibaldus Pirkheimerus, a great Mathe­matician, 138
  • Peter Blesensis, 138
  • Davil. Blondel a learned French Divine, 138
  • Flavius Blondus a famous Historian and Secretary to many Popes, 138
  • Ludovicus Blosius a good Linguist, 138
  • John Boccace a famous Poet of Hecrutia, but too obscene, 138
  • Trajanus Boccalinus an elegant Italian, 1 [...]9
  • Samuel Bochart, a learned French Divine, 139
  • John Bodin a judicious Papist, 139
  • Sir Thomas Bodly a great Scholler and prudent Statist, 139
    • Skilfull in the oriental Tongues, the great Founder of the publick Library at Oxford, 140
    • His Arms, ibid.
  • Bisanson, 86
  • Boetius Severinus, when he lived, and why called Severinus, 140
    • He was a great Peripatetick, slain by Theodoricus King of the Goths, ibid.
  • John Bois a good Grecian and Divine, 140
    • Hath published learned Notes on Chrysostom, ibid.
  • Daniel Bombergus a famous Printer, who hath printed many excellent works 140
  • Bonaventure called a Seraphical Doctor, 141
    • His Opuscula commended by Gerson, 141
    • Alexander of Hales his Speech of him, and when he flourished, ibid.
    • Why he was called a Saint by Thomas Aquinas, though living, and when he was canonized by the Pope, 141
  • Franciscus and Lazarus Bonamicus. 141
  • Books, The benefit of good Books, 30
  • D. Boot a learned Dutchman, 141
    • His Works commended, 141, 142
  • Cardinal Borromaeus, 141
  • Franciscus Bosquetus a learned Lawyer, 141
    • He hath written a History of the French Popes, ib.
  • Henry de Bracton, a learned Lawyer, 142
  • John Bradford a learned and holy Martyr 142
  • William Bradshew a learned Divine, 142
  • Thomas Bradwardine Archbishop of Canterbury, and Confessor to King Edward the 3 d 142
    • He opposed the Arminian Doctrine stoutly in those times, 142
  • Henricus Brandius a learned and pious Divine, 142
  • Ty [...]ho Brahe a Danish Knight, a great Astronomer, 142
  • Bred [...]h, 74
  • Edw Brerewood, the first Astronomy Le­cturer in Gres [...]a [...]-Colledge, 143
  • John Br [...]nitus a l [...]arned Divine, 143
  • Guido de Br [...]s, a French Martyr, 143
  • Henry Br [...]gges a famous Mathematician and pious, 143
  • Thomas Brightman a learned and godly Divine. 143
  • John Brinsley a learned man, 143
  • Barnabas Brissonius the learned Chief Justice of France, ib.
    • Paschasius his Verses of him, ib.
  • John Briton a great Lawyer. 143
  • Erasmus Brockman a learned Lutheran. 143
  • Joannes Brodaeus a man of stupendious reading, and incredible memory, ib.
  • Sir Robert Brook, a great Lawyer, 144
  • Hugh Broughton a great Hebrician and Grecian, but injudicious and haughty, ibid.
  • Christopher Brewer a learned man, 144
  • Henricus Brucaeus a great Geometrician, ibid.
  • Fr. Lucas Brugensis a famous Popish Di­vine, 144
  • Petrus Brunellus, 144
  • Guil. Bucanus, 144
  • George Buchanan a famous Scotch Poet and Historian, 144
    • Verses of him, ib.
  • Martin Bucer a judicious Commentator, 145
  • [Page] Abraham Buc [...]ltzer a good Chronologer, 145
  • John Buckeridge, 145
  • William Budy, when and where born, 146
    • He accused the Pope, Bishops and Priests before Luther, 145
    • Buchanans Distich and Paschasius his Verses of him, 145, 146
  • Jo. Bugenhagius, 146
  • Henry Bullenger, 146
  • Henry Bunting, 146
  • Aegidius Burdinus, 146
  • Francis Burgersdicius, 146
  • Paulus Burgensis, a converted Jew, 146
  • Walter Burley, the Master of King Edward the 3 d. 146
  • John Buridan, 146
  • Burgundius, 146
    • Part of his Epitaph, ib.
  • Robert Burhill, 147
  • Anne du Burg a learned Lawyer and Martyr, 147
  • Augerius Busbequius a great Embassador and learned man, 147
  • Joannes Busaeus, 147
  • John Buxtorf, the Father and Son both learned Hebricians, 147
C
  • CAbbalistical Arts condemned, 53
  • Julius Caesar a great Souldier and Scholler, 148, 149
  • Thomas de Vio Cajetanus a learned and candid Popish Cardinal, 148
  • Cains Colledge in Cambridge, 53
  • John Caius a learned Doctor of Physick, 148
    • Taxed. 100, 101
  • Domitius Calderinus Veronensis, a good Grammarian. 149
  • Ambr. Calepinus, 149
  • Georgius Calixtus a most learned man, ib.
  • John Calvin a most learned and judicious Divine, 149, 150
  • Sethus Calvisius a learned Chronologer, ib.
  • Giraldus Cumbrensis, 150
  • Cambridge, 100, 101, 102
    • Not founded by Cantaber, 100
    • Nor Sigebert. ibid.
    • Bede read not there. ibid.
  • William Camden our British Pausanias, 150
  • Joach. Camerarius the great Light of Germany, 151
  • Philippus Camerarius, 151
  • John Cameron a learned Scotchman, 151
  • Jo. Camers, 151
  • Thomas Campanella, 151
  • Thomas and Laurence Campegius, 151
  • Joannes Campensis, 152
  • Edmund Campian, a good Orator, 152
  • Cane, 85
  • Angelus Caninius a good Linguist, 152
  • Henry and Peter Canisius, 152
  • William and Theodore Canter, both learn­ed men, 152
  • Melchior Canus a learned and ingenious Spaniard, 152, 153
  • Jerom Capivacceus or Capivaccu a fa­mous Professor of Physick in Padua, 153
  • Jacobus and Ludovicus Capellus both learned French men, 153
  • Ludovicus Carbo, 153
  • Jerome Cardane, a great Scholler, 153
  • George Carleton, 153
  • John Carion, 154
  • Charles the Great, why so called, 154
  • Charles the 5 th and 9 th Kings of France, 154
  • Nic. Carpenter, 155
  • Des Cartez, 155
  • Dionysius Carthusiensis, 155
  • Thomas and Christopher Cartwright, 155
  • Bartholomaeus and John Casa, 155
  • John Case, 156
  • Isaac Casaubone a singular Grecian, and an excellent Philologer, 156
  • Dr. Merick Casaubone, ibid.
  • George Cassander, 156
  • Cassandra Fidelis Veneta, a learned wo­man, 156, 157
  • John Cassian, 157
  • M. Aurel. and Petrus Cassiodorus, 157
  • Petrus Castellanus, two of that name, 157
  • Alphonsus à Castro one of the Doctors of the Councel of Trent, ibid.
  • Ambrosius Catharinus, his difference with Dominicus Soto, 157
  • Cato why called Censorius, 158
    • A three-fold Elogy of him, ibid.
  • Catullus a most polite Poet, 158
  • Jacobus Cavacius, 158
  • Nicol. Caussinus an eloquent French Pa­pist, 158
  • Aurelius Cornelius Celsus a learned Phy­sician, the Latine Hippocrates, 158
  • Conradus Celtes the first of the Germans who was adorned with a Poetical Law­rel, 158
  • Centuries Ecclesiasticall commended, 159
  • [Page] Jacobus Ceratinus, 159
  • Ludovicus de la Cerda a learned and in­dustrious man, 159
  • Antonius Rodolphus Cevallerius and Pe­trus Cevallerius, both Frenchmen and great Hebricians, 159
  • Demetrius Chalcondylas a diligent Gram­marian, 160
  • Chaldee Language, 58
  • Daniel Chamier, a very learned French Divine, who hath written solidly against the Papists, and was killed with a Canon-bullet, 160
  • Peter Charron a French Papist, 160
  • Jeffery Chaucer, born in Oxfordshire, our English Homer, 160
    • Verses of him, ibid.
  • Antoine de Chandien a learned French Divine, 160
  • Sir John Cheek Schoolmaster to King Edward the sixth, skilfull in Greek and Latine, 160
    • The first Regius Professor of the Greek Tongue in Cambridge, 160
    • Compared with Sir Thomas Smith, ibid.
    • A special instrument of propagating the Gospel in England, ibid.
    • How he died, and his [...]everal Works, ibid.
  • Martinus Chemnitius, when born, 161. m.
    • A famous Doctor of Divinity in the Church of Brunswick, 161
    • His Works commended, ibid
  • Andreas du Chesne, 162
  • Chiromancy, what it is, 51
  • Renatus Chopinus, 162
  • Christ the true Messiah, 11, 102
  • Christ Church in Oxford, 104, 105
  • Christs-Colledge in Cambridge, 102, 103
  • Christians very numerous in Turky, 9
  • Emanuel Chrysoloras of Constantinople brought the Greek, and Learning into Italy. 162
    • Was put to death at Constance, ib.
  • Petrus Chrysologus when Archbishop of Ravenna, 162
  • John Chrysostom the soundest Interpreter of all the Greek and Latine Fathers. 162
  • David Chytraeus a good Mathematician, 163
  • Petrus Ciaconius a very learned man, 163
  • M. Cicero, why so called, and where born. 163
    • The Prince of Orators, 164
    • Some of his Works commended, 164
    • His repetitions and vain-glory taxed, 165
  • John Claimund, 164
  • Clare-Hall in Cambridge, 101
  • Claudia Rufina, 164
  • Claudianus, 164, 165
  • Claudius the Emperour, 165
  • Christophorus Clavius a Jesuite, and fa­mous Professor of the Mathematicks at Rome, 165
  • Nic [...]de Clamangis, when he flourished, 165
    • Pious and learned, ibid.
  • Clemens Alexandrinus, why so called, and when he lived, 161
    • Origens Master, ibid.
  • Clemens Romanus the most ancient of all Writers since the Apostles, 165
    • Not the Authour of the Apostolical Constitutions; ibid.
  • Nicolaus Clenardus a great Linguist, kil­led by his own slave, and why, 166
  • Cleobulina, 166
  • Jo. Climachus, when he lived, 166
  • John Cloppenburg. 166
  • Carolus Clusius a great Linguist, 166
  • Pet. Cluniacensis, when he lived, 166
  • Philippus Cluverius, 166
  • John à Coch, or Cocceius. 166
  • Colen, 68
  • Christ. Columbus an Italian, a most skilful Cosmographer, he found out America. 166
  • Realdus Columbus a great Anatomist, 163
  • Peter Comestor, why so called, 167. m.
  • Philp de Commines, where born, 167
    • He hath written an excellent History, ibid.
    • The Speech of Catharine de Medioes of him, and an Epitaph by Stephanus Paschasius, 167
  • Hier. Commelinus, 167
  • Annas Comnenas a learned woman, Em­presse of the East, 167
  • Complute, 89
  • Compestella, 89
  • Confessions divers, 169
  • Conformities, a Book so styled, 169, 170
  • Confusion of Languages a great judge­ment, 54
  • Constantine the Great, and Robert Con­stantine, 170
  • Gaspar Contarenus, 170
  • Ant. Contius, 170
  • [Page] Adam Contzen, 170
  • Sir Edward Cook, 170
  • Robert Cook. 171
  • Copenhagen, 74, 75
  • Nicolaus Copernicus a great Mathemati­cian, 171
  • Maturinus Corderius, 171
  • Corinnas, three learned women of that name, 171
  • Johannes Cornarius, 171
  • Cornelia a learned women, ibid
  • Corpus Christi Colledge in Oxford, 104
  • Corradus, 171
  • Corvinus a subtil Arminian, 171
  • Fr. Costerus, 172
  • Peter Cotton an eloquent French Jesuite, ibid.
  • Sir Robert Cotton a great preserver of English Antiquities, ibid.
  • John Covel, ibid.
  • Bishop Coverdale an exile a long time for the profession of the Gospel, ibid
  • Didacus Covarruvias, ibid.
  • Councels divers, 168, 169
    • The Pope is to be subject to a General Councel, 22. & 208
  • D r Crakanthorp, 172
  • Archbishop Cranmer. ibid.
    • The first Archbishop of Canterbury that cast off Antichrist, 172.173
    • Drew many learned men into England 172
  • Jo. Crato, when and where born, 173
    • A great Philosopher, Physician and Poet, 173
    • Physician to Emperours, ibid.
  • Christophorus Crinesius a good Linguist, ibid.
  • Petrus Crinitus, ibid.
  • Ludovicus Crocius, 174
  • John Croy a learned French Divine, 174
  • Hannibal Crucius, 174
  • Gaspar Cruciger a learned Divine, swift in writing. ibid
  • Henry Cuff, a learned Oxonian, 174
  • Jacobus Cujacius a learned French Law­yer, 174
  • Petrus Cunaeus, 174, 175
  • Caelius Secundus Curio, 175
  • Caelius Aug. Curio. ibid.
  • Quintus Curtius a pure Latinist, and when he flourished, 175
  • Petrus Curtius, 175
  • Nic. de Cusa, or Cusanus, 175
  • Cyprian Bishop of Carthage, and Mar­tyr, when he lived, 175
  • Cyril Bishop of Alexandria, 175
  • Cyril Bishop of Jerusalem, and Cyril Patriark of Constantinople, 176
D
  • JOhn Daille a learned French Divine, 176
    • Highly commended, ibid.
  • John Damascene, when born at Damascus 176
    • He laid the foundation of School-Di­vinity among the Greeks, 176
  • Nicholas Damascene, ib.
  • Petrus D [...]mianus, 176
  • Damasus the first Pope, 176
    • He appointed Gloria Patri, ib.
  • Lambertus Danaeus, 177
  • Petrus Danesius, a great Grecian, 177
    • His witty speech at the Councel of Trent, ib.
  • Dantes Aligherius a famous Italian Poet 177
  • Claudius Dausqueius, 177
  • John Davenant Bishop of Salisbury, a judicious Divine, 177
  • Daventer, 74
  • Philippus Decius a famous Italian Law­yer, 177
  • John Dee a learn [...]d Englishman. 178
  • Marcus Antonius Delrio. 178
  • Demosthenes a famous Orator, 178
    • He wrote out Thucydides eight times. ibid.
  • Thomas Dempster a learned Scotchman, ib.
  • John Deodate an eminent Divine, ib.
  • Edward Dering. ib,
  • John Despauterius a great Grammarian. ib.
    • Verses of him. ib.
  • Antonius Deusingius a learned Physician, ib.
  • Paulus Diaconus. 179
  • David Dickson a good Scottish Exposi­tor, ib.
  • Didymus Coecus an excellent Mathemati­cian, ib.
  • Ludovicus de Dieu a learned French Di­vine, well skilled in the Oriental Lan­guages, ib.
  • Sir James Dier a great Lawyer, ib.
  • Differences among the Papists in many things, 22
  • Everard Digby. 178
  • Sir Kenelm Digby. 180
  • Leonard and Thomas Digges. ib.
  • John Michael Dilher a learned Critick, ib.
  • [Page] Diodorus Siculus a famous Historian, 180
  • Diogenes Laertius. ib.
  • Dio Cassius. ib.
  • [...]ion Chrysostom called Chrysostom for his eloquence. ib.
  • Dionysius falsly called the Areopagite. 181
  • Dionysius Halycarnassaeus a famous Hi­storian, ib.
  • Dioscorides an ancient Herbalist, ib.
  • Divine. A competent knowledge of the Languages and Arts is requisite for a Divine, 31, 32, 33, 34
  • Rembertus Dodonaeus. 181
  • Dole, 86
  • Steven Dolet a learned Frenchman, 182
  • Aelius Donatus, Marcellus Donatus and Jerom Donatus. 182
  • Hugo Donellus a great Lawyer. ib.
  • Doway, 73
  • Janus Donza the Father and Sonne, 182
  • George Downham a learned and godly Bi­shop, ib.
  • Andrew Downs the Kings Professour of Greek in Cambridge. 183
  • Sir Francis Drake the first that sailed a­bout the whole world, ib.
  • Jerom Drexelius a learned Jesuite, ib.
  • John Drusius. ib.
  • Fr. Duarenus a learned Lawyer, ib.
  • Dublin. 104
  • Fronto Ducaeus a learned and candid Je­suite. 183
  • Gul. Durandus a great Poet, Divine and Lawyer, 183
    • Why called Speculator. ib.
  • Durandus a S. Portiano. 184
  • Samuel Durant. 184
  • Joanes Stephanus Durantus. ib.
  • Claudius Duret a great French Lawyer, ib.
  • Ludovicus Duretus a learned Physician, ib.
E
  • KIng Edward the sixth both learned and pious, 184, 185
  • Edmund Hall in Oxford. 99
  • Egesippus when he lived, 185
  • Eginhardus, 185
  • Elias Levita a most learned Jewish Grammarian. 185
  • Queen Elizabeth a learned Queen, 185, 186
  • Sir Thomas Elyot. 185
  • Emanuel-Colledge. 103
  • Vbbo Emmius a learned man, Professor of History and Greek at Groning. 186
  • Constantin. L' Empereur a famous Hebri­cian, 186
  • England suffered most shamelesse ser­vitude under the Pope heretofore, 7
    • The first Kingdom that received the Gospel, 7
    • By whom the Christian Religion was first brought into England. 7
    • England had the first Christian King and Emperour, ib.
    • Learned men in England, 91
    • The Universities in England. 91. to 97
  • Quintus Ennius. 186
  • Ephraem Syrus and Antiochenus. 186
  • Epictetus the Philosopher. 186
  • Epiphanius Bishop of Salamina in Cy­prus famous for learning and skill in five Tongues. 186, 187
  • Epiphanius the Deacon. 187
  • Epistles, what they are, much learning in them. 188
    • Who write the best Epistles. ib.
  • Desiderius Erasmus where born. 187
    • His Statue at Roterdam in brasse on the market place with an Inscription. 188
    • Verses in the house where he was born ib.
    • A great Scholler, and the authour of many excellent Works, 188, 189
    • An Epitaph of him. 189
  • Erasmus a learned Bishop. 189
  • Tho. Erastus a learned Physician, 189
  • Eratosthenes. 190
  • Erford. 70
  • Erinnas a learned Poet, 190
  • Thomas Erpenius excellently skilled in the Oriental Tongues. ib.
  • Claudius Espencaeus a learned French Bi­shop, 190, 191
  • Petrus Espinacus Archbishop of Lions. 191
  • William Estius a learned and modest Do­ctor of Paris. 191
    • He doth well on all Pauls Epistles. 191
    • His Epitaph. ib.
  • Ethicks whence so named. 45. m.
    • What it is conversant about. ib.
  • Ethiopick Language. 60, 61
  • Evagrius Scholasticus. 191
  • [Page] Euclide a great Geometrician. 191
  • Nic. Everardus. 191
  • Evora. 90
  • Euripides. 191
  • Eusebius Caesariensis, when he lived and flourished. 192
    • Why called Eusebius Pamphili, but not Pamphilus. 192
    • The ancient Ecclesiastical History. ib.
  • Eusebius Emissenus. 192
  • Eustathius Archbishop of Thessalonica. 192
    • When he lived. ib.
  • Eustochium a learned woman. 192
  • Euthymias Zigabenus. 192
  • Eutropius, 193
  • Excester Colledge 96
  • Aben Ezra a most learned Jewish Gram­marian. 193
F
  • IAcobus Faber Stapulensis a very learn­ed man. 193
  • Petrus Faber. 193
    • Buchanans Epigramme of him. 194
  • Nic. Faber Master to Lewis the 13 th King of France. 194
  • Guido and Nicolaus Fabricii. 194
  • Georgius Fabricius. 194
  • Steph. Fabricius. 194
  • Paulus Fagius a great Hebrician. 194
    • The Germans speech of him. ib.
  • Anton. Faius. 194
  • Abraham Faius his son. 195
  • Gabriel Fallopius. 195
  • William Farel a learned and godly Mini­ster of Genevah. 195
    • Bezas Epigram of Calvin, Viret and him. ibid.
  • Fasciculus Temporum. 195
  • The Fathers. They were eminent for learning, holinesse of life and eloquence, 195
  • D r Featly. 195
  • Minutius Felix an eloquent Father. 195
  • Lucius Fenestella a famous Historian not the Author of the Book De Magi­stratibus & Sacerdotio Romanorum. 196
  • Dudlie Fenner a learned Divine. 196
  • Joannes Fernelius a learned French man, Physician to Henry the 2 d King of France. 196
  • Ferrara. 78
  • Fulgentius Ferrandus. 201
  • Arnoldus Ferronus. 196
  • Jo. Ferus a famous German Preacher, 196
  • Jacobus Fevardentius a furious Francis­can. 196
  • Joannes Fichardus. 197
  • Marsilius Ficinus of Florence, a famous Philosopher, Physician and Divine. 199
  • Richard Field a learned Divine. 197
  • Jo. Filesacus. 197
  • John Fisher Bishop of Rochester. 197
  • Sir Anthony Fitzherbert a learned Lawyer 197
  • Lucius Florus when he lived. 197
  • Vbertus Folieta. 197
  • Patrick and John Forbes. 198
  • Franciscus Forerius. 198
  • Pertus Forrestus a learned Physician. 198
  • Joannes Forsterus Professor of the He­brew Tongue at Wittenberg. ib.
  • Sir John Fortescue an excellent Antiquary and Lawyer. 198
  • John Fox a Saint-like Historian. 198
    • Wrote elegant Latine. 199
  • Sebastian Fox a most elegant and learned Spanish Philosopher. ib.
  • Hieronymus Fracastorius a famous Philo­sopher. 199
  • France famous for three things. 81
    • It hath bred many learned men. ib.
    • Its Universities. 81. to 87
  • Francis the Monk. 199
  • Francis the first King of France, when he lived. 199
    • A great restorer of Learning. 199, 200
  • Franckford two places of that name. 70
  • Franekere. 74
  • Marquardus Freherus. 200
  • Jo. Tho. Freigius famous for his know­ledge in Philosophy, Philology, Law, 200
    • Ramus his Epigram of him. ibid.
  • French Language. 64
  • Friburg. 71
  • Nicolaus Frischlinus. 200
  • John Frith a learned Divine and Martyr. 200
  • John Froissard a French Historian. 201
  • Libertus Fromondus. 201
  • Lucas Fruterius. 201
  • Leonardus Fuchsins. 201
  • B. Fulgentius. 201
  • Baptista Fulgosius. 201
  • D r Fulk. 201
  • [Page] Nic. Fuller. 201, 202
G
  • IO. Gagneius. 203
  • Robert Gagwin. ibid.
  • Petrus Galatinus. 204
  • Galeacius Caracciolus. 204
  • Galen a learned Physician of Pergamus. ibid.
  • Petrus Gallandius Master to many fa­mous men in France. ibid.
  • Galilaeus Galilaeus of Florence. ibid.
  • Henricus Gandavensis. ibid.
  • Steven Gardiner Bishop of Winchester. 205
  • Petr. Gassendus the greatest Astronomer now living. ibid.
  • Thomas Gataker. ibid.
  • Lucas and Pomponius Gauricus. ibid.
  • Theodorus Gaza. ibid.
  • Geber a learned Arabian, but very ob­scure, 206
  • Gelasius primus Papa. ibid.
  • Sigism. Gelenius. ibid.
  • Aulus Gellius, when he lived, and whe­ther he should be written so or Agellius ibid.
    • Taxed by Ludovicus Vives, but defen­ded by Stephanus. ibid
  • Geminus. ib.
  • Georgius Gemistius Pletho a Grecian and Professor in Greece. ibid
  • Gemma Frisius a great Mathematician. ib.
    • Why called Gemma, ib.
  • Cornelius Gemma a famous Physician and Philosopher of Lovain. 207
  • Gilbert Genebrard a good Hebrician, but a most petulant Writer. ibid.
  • Geneva. 86, 87
  • Innocentius Gentiletus. 207
  • Albericus Gentilis the Regius Professour of Civil Law in Oxford. ib.
  • Geometry, what it is, its excellencies, and who first invented it. 41, 42
  • John Gerhard a laborious and learned Divine, 207
  • Germany. Divers great Schollers bred there. 68
  • The Universities of Germany. 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75
  • John Gerson the learnedest man of his time, and the onely Doctor of the Councel of Constance. 208
    • He was sirnamed the most Christian Doctor, ibid.
    • Paschasius his Verses of him. ib.
  • Conradus Gesnerus, where and when he was born. 208
    • His Works commended. ibid
  • William Gibieuf a learned Doctor of Sorbonne. ibid
  • Obertus Gifanius. ibid.
  • William Gilbert a famous Englishman. 209
    • His Book of the Loadstone commend­ed. ibid.
  • Petrus Gillius a most learned man. ibid.
  • Sylvester Gyraldus. ibid.
  • Victor Giselinus, ibid.
  • Ralph Glanvile a great Lawyer. 210
  • H [...]nricus Glareanus an excellent Mathe­matician. 210
  • Salomon Glassius a great Critick. ibid.
  • Glocester-Hall in Oxford. 99
  • Rodolphus Goclenius, 210
  • Conradus Goclenius first Professor of the Latine Tongue at Lovain. 210
  • Francis and Thomas Godwin. ibid
  • Damianus à Goes. ibid
    • Seven Cities strove for his birth. ibid.
  • Jacobus Golius well skilled in the oriental Tongues. ibid.
  • Hubertus Goltzius a great Antiquary. ibid.
  • Franciscus Gomarus a learned and judici­ous Divine. ibid.
  • Christopher Goodman a learned and pious Scotch Divine, 211
  • Abraham Gorlay his many choice medals of Gold, Silver and Brass. 211
  • Jo Goropius Becanus a good Artist and Linguist. ibid.
  • Gospel, How it came into Polonia, and the original of the custom of standing up at the Gospel, 20. m.
  • The everlasting Gospel, or the Gospel of the holy Ghost. 115
  • Dionysius and Jacobus Gothofredus, 211
  • D r Gouge a learned and pious Divine, 211
    • Commended. ibid.
  • Simon Goulartius a learned and godly French Minister. ibid.
  • Joannes Goverus or Gouerus a learned English Knight, and Poet Laureate, ibid.
  • Grammarians, who the best, 37, 38
  • Jo. and Saxo Gramaticus. 212
  • Grammer, what it is, and whence derived. 37, 38
  • Granado. 89
  • [Page] Lud. Granatensis. 212
  • D r Grant. ibid.
  • Conradus Graserus went some miles to the Jews to understand Hebrew words. ibid.
  • Franc. Gratianus, when he lived. ibid.
    • He compiled the Canon-Law, ibid. & 44
  • Gulielmus Gratarolus an excellent Philo­sopher and Physician. 213
  • Gratius an ancient Latine Poet contem­porary with Virgil and Ovid. 213
  • John Graves, ibid.
  • Lady Jane Gray, both learned and religi­ous. ibid.
  • Greek Language. 61, 62
  • Who were the pure Greek Writers. 38
  • Richard Greenham. 213
  • Gregory the Great, why so called, and when he lived. ibid.
    • Bede cals him the Apostle of England, and why, 214
    • He first wrote himself Servus servorum Dei. 214
    • Verses of him and two other Popes. ibid.
  • Gregory Thaumaturgus, why so called. ibid.
  • John Gregory of Oxford, and Gregory of Tours. ibid
  • James Gretzer a learned Jesuite and good Grecian, the great Defender of Bellar­mine. 214
  • Grindall. ibid.
  • Gripswald. 71
  • Groning. 74
  • Johannes Groperus would not be Cardinal 214
  • Hugo Grotius, when and where born, 215
    • Piscators Verses of him. ibid.
    • Learned but heterodox. ibid.
  • Janus Gruterus a famous Critick. ibid.
  • Simon and Jo Jac. Grynaeus. ibid.
  • Rudolphus Gualtherus Father and Sonne. 216
  • Baptista Guarinus. ibid.
  • Steven Guichard a learned French Lin­guist. ibid.
  • Francis Guicchardine a famous Historian. ibid.
    • Paschasius his Verses of him. ibid.
  • Melchior Guilandinus. ibid.
  • Johannes Guinterius Andernacus a learn­ed Physician, ibid.
  • Gyldas. ibid
  • Lilius Gregorius Gyraldus. 217
H
  • D r HAckwell. 217
  • Theodoricus Hackspanius. 217
  • D r Haddon. ib.
  • Cardinal Hadrian. ib.
  • Thaddaus Hagecius. ib.
  • John Hales. ib.
  • Bishop Hall. 218
  • Bartholdus Hallerus. ibid
  • Dionysius Halycarnassaeus. ibid.
  • D. Henry Hammond. ibid
  • D. Harding. ibid.
  • Lord Harrington. ibid.
  • D. Harvey. ibid.
  • D. Haymo. ibid.
  • Harderwick. 74
  • Hart-Hall in Oxford. 99
  • Heathens called Pagani, and why, 5
    • They are still branded in the Scripture ibid.
    • Their knowledge imperfect, and their conversation impious. ibid.
    • How the Heathens shall be judged. 6
    • The Heathens worshipt many gods. 6
    • They could not be saved by the light of nature. ibid.
    • Who defended the Christian Religion against the Heathens. 6, 7
  • Hebrew the first Language, and most an­cient of all. 56, 57, 58
    • Who were skilfull in it. 58
  • Gasparus Hedio. 218
  • Alexander Hegius. He first brought the Greek learning into the Low-countreys 219
  • Heidelberg. 69
  • Daniel Heinsius. 219
  • Heliodorus. ib.
  • Helvicus. ib.
  • Henry the first King of England, why called Beau Clerk. ib.
  • Henry the eighth. 219, 220
    • He was learned himself, and drew ma­ny learned men into England. 220
  • Desiderius Heraldus. ib.
  • Lord Herbert. ib.
  • Hereticks. Reformers so called by the Papists, and why. 20
  • Hermes Trismegistus. 220
  • Conradus Heresbachius. ib.
  • Hermannus Contractus, why so called, 221
  • Hermogenes. ib.
  • Herodian an eloquent and faithfull Hi­storian, [Page]221
  • Herodotus. ib.
    • Verses of him. ib.
  • Hesiod. ib.
  • John Hessels. ib.
  • Landgrave of Hessen. 222
  • Helius Ebanus Hessus. ib.
  • Hesychius. ibid
  • Joannes Heurnius. ibid.
  • Hieroglyphicks, what they are. 290
    • The Bee and Syren the Hieroglyphick of eloquence. 39
  • Hieronymus a very learned Father. 222
  • Hilary Bishop of Poicton, and Hilary Bishop of Arles. ibid.
  • Hildefonsus. 223
  • Arthur Hildersham. 223
  • Hin [...]marus. ib.
  • Hipparehus a great Astronomer. ib.
  • Hippocrates the first that wrote metho­dically the Art of Physick. 223
  • Hippolitus, 223, 224
  • History, what it is. 46
    • Its double end. ibid.
    • The several kindes of History, 46
    • Chronology and Topography the two eyes of it. 47
  • Historians, who the chiefest Greek and Latine. 47.
  • David Hoeschelius, 224
  • Francis Hottoman a learned French Law­yer, 224
  • Homer. Seven Cities contended about his birth. His Iliades and Odysses com­mended, 224, 225
  • Alcibiades struck a Schoolmaster for not having Homers Works, 225
  • F [...]stus Hommius, 225
  • Petrus Cornelius Hoofdius, 225
  • Richard Hooker, 225
  • John Ho [...]per a learned and godly Bishop and Martyr. ib.
  • Joachimus Hopperus, ib.
  • Horatius Flaccus, an ingenious Poet, ib.
  • Bishop Horn, 226
  • Conradus Hornaeus. ib.
  • Lambertus Hortensius, ib.
  • Stanislaus Hosius, he was imployed by three Emperours, and was Presi­dent in the Councell of Trent, ibid.
  • Rod. Hospinianus, ibid.
  • Michael Hosp [...]talius, ibid.
  • Bishop Howson, ibid.
  • Roger de Hoveden a famous Histo­rian, 226
  • Robert Hues, ibid
  • Hermannus Hugo, ibid.
  • Hugo Cardinal, 227
  • Antonius Hulsius, ibid
  • Humbertus Episcopus, ib.
  • D. Humfrey, ib.
  • Hulricus Huttenus a Knight and Poet Laureate, ibid
  • C. Julius Hyginus, 228
  • Hipatia or Hypathia a learned woman, who taught publickly at Alexandria, ibid.
  • Andreas Gerbardus Hyperius a most lear­ned and diligent Divine, ibid.
I
  • Dr. IAckson, and Mr. Arthur Jackson, 228
  • King James, ibid
    • Verses on his dying in March.
  • Jacobus de Voragine the Author of the golden Legend, 229
  • Richard James and Doctor James, 229
  • Jamblycus a famous Philosopher, ibid.
  • Jo. de Janduno. ibid
  • Janizaries, the great strength of the Turkish Empire, 9
  • Cornelius Jansenius a learned Popish Ex­positor, 229
  • Jansenius Bishop of Iper, who wrote Sanctus Augustinus, ibid.
  • Rabbi Salomon Jarchi a learned French Jew, who hath commented on all the Bible, ib.
  • Jason Maynus, 230
  • Jesuites, when their Order began, 230
    • Their title disliked by Papists them­selves, ibid.
    • Some of them good Expositors, able for controversies, good Philologers, candid and ingenuous, ib.
  • Ignatius the Martyr, ib.
  • Matth. Fl. Illyricus heretical, and wherin, 230, 231
    • Some of his Works usefull to the Church, 230, 231
  • Joannes de Indagine a great Astrologer, when he flourished, 231
  • Indices Expurgatorii, two of them, ibid.
    • The purpose of them, ibid.
  • Jo. Philippus Ingrassius. ibid.
  • Ingulphus a learned English Abbot, ib.
  • [Page] Innocentius tertius Papa a learned man, but a great Persecutor of the Church, 232
  • Alanus Insulensis, ib.
  • Abbas Joachimus, ib.
  • Arthur Ihonston a famous Scotch Poet, ib.
  • Johns Colledge in Oxford, 103
  • Jornandes, 232
  • Josephus a famous Jewish Historian, 232, 233
  • Josippus, who he was, 233
  • Paulus Jovius commended by some, and disliked by others, ib.
    • Verses of him, ib.
  • Irenaeus, when he lived, and when he suffered, ib.
  • John Isaac, a Jew who turned Christian, ib.
  • Isidorus Hispalensis and Pelusiota, 234
  • Isocrates a famous Greek Oratour, 234
  • Henricus Isselburgius, ib.
  • Bishop John Juel commended, ib.
  • Julian the Apostate, a learned Prince, 235
    • He scoffed at Christ and Christians, ib.
  • Franciscus Junius, a pretty passage between him and a Countreyman, 235, 236
    • Censured by D. Twisse and Thuanus, 236
  • Francis Junius his Son, ib.
  • Patricius Junius, ib.
  • Fr. Juretus, ib.
  • Christ. Justellus a learned Protestant, ib.
  • Justinian the Emperour commended, ib.
    • Verses by Melancthon of his Institut. ib.
  • Augustinus Justinianus a very learned Bishop, 237
  • Laurentius Justinian, ib.
  • Leonardus Justinianus, there were three famous Orators of his Family, ib.
  • Justin Martyr a famous Philosopher and Martyr, ib.
    • When he flourished, ib.
    • The ancientst of the Fathers, except Clement. ib.
    • How he was brought to the faith, and when he suffered Martyrdom, ib.
  • Justin the Historian, ib.
  • Junius Juvenal the best Satyrist. ib.
  • Juvencus Pr [...]sbyter, when he flourished, 238
    • He comprized the Gospel in four Books of Verses, ib.
K
  • BArth, Keckermannus, 238
    • Thomas de Kempis, ibid
    • His Book De imitatione Christi com­mended, ibid.
  • John Kepler a famous Mathematician, ib.
  • Jacobus Kimedontius, ib.
  • R. David Kimchi a learned Rabbin and deadly enemy to Christians, 239
  • R. Moses Kimchi. ib.
  • Athanasius and Conradus Kircherus, ib.
  • Petrus Kirstenius a great Arabist of Ger­many, ib.
  • John Knewstub, a learned Divine, ibid.
  • John Knox a learned Scotch Divine, ibid.
    • Had a prophetick Spirit, ib.
  • Albertus Krantzius a great enemy to Popery, 238
    • His Speech to Luther, ib.
L
  • LActantius Firmianus, when he lived 240
    • Was poor, ibid.,
    • The Christian Cicero, ib.
    • Why called Firmianus, ib.
  • Franciscus Lambertus, ib.
  • Dionysius Lambinus commended, ib.
  • Carolus and Johannes Langius, ib.
  • Steven Langton a learned Englishman, ib.
  • Languages, 54, 55, 56, 57
  • Hubertus Languetus, 241
  • Thomas Lansius, ibid.
  • Cornelius à Lapide, low of stature, 241
    • His Expositions taxed, ib m.
  • Joannes Lascares, ib.
  • Bishop Latimer, 242
  • Latine Tongue, 63, 64, 65
  • Joannes Latius, or de Laet, 242
  • Jacobus Latomus, Father and Sonne, 241
  • Lud. Lavaterus, by what Book he got himself a name, 241
  • Jo. Baptista Laurus, 241
  • Jacobus and Gaspar Laurentius, ibid.
  • Law, Civil and Canonical, 44
  • [Page] Peter De Lawney, 242
  • Wolfgangus Lazius. ib.
  • Learning. Its excellency, 29, 30
    • Its usefulnesse, 31, 32, 33
    • Whether humane Learning may law­fully be used in a Divine Exercise, 35
    • When abused, ib.
    • Some times and places favourable to Learning, 35
  • Jac. Ledesma, 242
  • Legend the golden Legend why so called, and what it contains, 242
  • Leiden. 73, 74
  • Leiptzige. 70
  • John Leland a famous Antiquary, 242
  • Laevinus Lemnius, ibid.
  • Leo Hebraeus. 243
  • Leo the first, and the tenth Pope, ibid
  • Leo the Emperour, 244
  • Joannes Leo of Africa, ib.
  • Nicolaus Leonicenus and Leonicus, ibid
  • Leonardus Lessius, ibid
  • Lerida, 96
  • R. Levi Ben Gerson, 244
  • Jo. Lewenclavius, ibid
  • Libanius. ibid
  • Liberal Arts, 38, 39
  • Library. Some of the famous Libraries mentioned, 244, 245
  • Duncanus Liddelius, 245
  • Fridericus Lidenbrochius, ibid
  • D. Lightfoot, ibid
  • Liege, 73
  • William Lilly, 245
  • Thomas Linacer an Englishman, a great Grammarian, ibid
  • Lincoln-Colledge in Oxford, 97
  • William Lindan, 246
  • Petrus Lindebergius, 246
  • Linguists. Some great Linguists mentio­ned, 55
  • Lions, 84
  • Aloysius Lippomanus, 246
  • Justus Lipsius commended and censured, ibid
  • Lisbone, 90
  • Literae variae, 247
  • Thomas Littleton a great Lawyer, ibid
  • Edw. Lively Hebrew Professor in Cam­bridge, a great Hebrician, ib.
  • Titus Livius a famous Historian, ib.
  • Loadstone, its wonderfull vertue, 50
  • Logick, what it is, 39
  • Aloysius Lollinus, 248
  • Peter Lombard the Father of the School­men. ib.
    • Why sirnamed Master of the sentences ibid.
    • Commended, ib.
  • Dionysius Longinus a great Rhetorician, ib.
  • Christ. Longomantanus a great Mathema­tician. ibid.
  • Christopher Longoly, where he was born, ib.
    • A great Ciceronian, ib.
    • He died young, 249
  • Petrus Lorichius, ib.
  • Jo. Lorinus, ib.
  • Lovain, 73
  • Lucan and Lucian, 249
  • Caius Lucilius, ibid.
  • Lucius the first Christian King of Eng­land, 250
  • Titus Lucretius, ib.
  • Ludovicus Romanus, ib.
  • Raym Lullius, ib.
  • Martin Luther, ibid
    • What Verse Melancthon seeing his pi­cture uttered. ib.
    • Other Verses of him, ib.
    • Commended, ib.
  • Beza's Verses of him, 251
    • The Reformed Religion long before Luther, 22
  • Lycophron an ancient and very obscure Poet. ibid.
  • Thomas Lydiat a learned Mathematician ib.
  • Lyranus, Lyrator, or de Lyra a learned Jew, ib.
    • When he lived, ibid.
    • He wrote learnedly upon all the Scri­pture. ib.
    • The Papists saying of him, ib.
M
  • NIcholas Machiavell a great Histo­rian, when he lived, 252
  • Joh. Macovius a learned Divine, ibid.
  • Georgius Macropedius a learned Poet, ibid.
  • Caius Cilnius Maecenas the patron of Learning, ibid.
  • Joannes Petrus Maffaeus a very eloquent Italian, ib.
  • Raphael Maffaeus a learned man also, ib.
  • Magdalen-Colledge in Oxford, 104
  • [Page] Magdalen-Hall, 104
  • Magdalen-Colledge in Cambridge, 103
  • Ferdinandus Magellanus. 252
  • Magick condemned, 52
  • Magistrate, his power in matters of re­ligion, 25
    • Whether he may tolerate many Reli­gions in one Commonwealth, 25, 26
  • Mahometism, when it began, and what it is, 8
    • The reasons of its spreading, 9
  • R.M. Ma [...]mon, or Rabbi Ben Maimon, or Maimonides, famous among Jews, Christians, and Mahometans, 273
    • Commended highly, ibid.
    • The Jews speech of him, ib. m
    • Why called Aegyptius and Rambam, 253. m.
  • Johannes Major a famous Scotchman, 253
  • Buchanans Verses against him, ibid.
  • M. Antonius Majoragius, ib.
  • Majorica, 90, 91
  • Maldonate a learned Jesuite, and judici­ous Expositor on the four Evangelists, 253
    • He was wronged by those that pub­lished his Works after his death, ibid m.
  • Gulielmùs Malm [...]sburiensis a famous Hi­storiographer, 254
  • Jo. Mana [...]dus. ib.
  • M. Manilius or M [...]nlius, ib.
  • Baptista Forstus Mantuanus a learned Poet of Mantua, ibid
    • Verses of him, ibid
    • He discovered the abuses of Rome, ibid.
  • Aldus Manutius senior and junior, 254, 255
  • Paulus Manutius, two of that name, 255
  • Gualt. Mapes a witty writer, who dis­covers the vices of the Church of Rome, ibid.
  • Samuel Maresius a learned French Di­vine, Professor at Groning, ibid
  • Ammianus Marcellinus, when he lived, Commended, ibid.
  • Jo. Mariana a learned Jesuite, ib.
  • Maximus Mar [...]unus, ib.
  • Psalterium B. Mariae, Bonaventure the author of it, 256
  • Marianus Scotus, ib.
  • Augustine Marlorate a learned French Protestant-Divine, ibid.
  • Philip M [...]rnix, 256
    • Verses of him, ib.
  • Cl [...]m. Marot a French Poet ibid.
  • Margarite Queen of Navar, 257
  • Marsilius de Sancta Sophia, ib.
  • M Valerius Mar [...]ialis a witty Poet, but too obscene, ibid.
  • Matthias and Petrus Martinius, ibid.
  • Martpurge, 71
  • Peter Martyr a learned Italian, 257
    • Commended, ib.
  • Andreas Masius a great Linguist, 258
  • Masorit [...]s, 258
  • Christianus Maffaeus, ib.
  • Papyrius Massonius, ib.
  • Antonius and Petrus Matthaeus, ib.
  • Petrus Andr [...]as Matthiolus, ib.
  • Mathematicks, what they are, and their excellency, 40, 41
    • How divided, ibid.
    • The most famous Mathematicians, ib.
  • Maximilian, 259
  • Bar [...]hol. Mayerus, ib.
  • Joseph Mede, 259
  • De Medicis, that house a great favourer of Learning, ibid.
    • What they give for their Armes, ib.
  • Cosmi de Medicis, ib.
  • Laurence and Peter de Medicis, ib.
  • John, Micha [...]l and Barthol. à Medina. 260
  • Joh Henricus and Marcus Meibomius. ib.
  • Bal [...]hasar Meisner, 260
  • Adolphus Mekerkus, ib.
  • Philip Melancthon commended, ib.
    • What he wrote before his death, 261
    • He was too fearfull, ib.
    • Paschasius his Verses of him. ib.
  • Andrew Melvin a famous Scotch Poet, ibid.
    • Verses made by him, and of him, ib.
  • Menander an ancient Poet, 261
  • Menasseb Ben Israel a learned Jew now living, ib.
  • Jacobus and Stephanus Menochius, ib.
  • Paulus Melissus Scholius a learned Poet, ib.
  • Ments, 16
  • Gerard Mercator a famous Mathematici­an and Cosmographer, 261
  • John and Josias Mercer commended, 262
  • [Page] Hier. Mercurialis a learned Physician of Padua. 262
  • Mercurius Trismegistus, ib.
  • Marinus Mersennus, ib.
  • Merlinus the Prophet, and Peter Merlin ib.
  • Merton-Colledge in Oxford, 96
  • Georgius and Paulus Merula, 263
  • Messiah, the promised Messiah is come, 11
  • Jesus of Nazareth is the promised Mes­siah, 12
  • Metaphysicks, 45, 46
  • D. Methodius a Christian Poet and Mar­tyr, 263
  • John Meursius commended, ib.
  • Millan, 78
  • Minutius Foelix, 263
  • Jo. Picus Mirandula commended, 263, 264
    • His Epitaph, 263
  • John Francis Picus Mirandula his Ne­phew, 264
  • Modena, 80
  • Leo Modena a Jew now living, 264
  • Michael Maestlinus, 264
  • Joannes Molanus, ibid.
  • Carolus Molinaeus a learned French Law­yer, and a Protestant, ibid
  • Petrus Molinaeus.
  • Peter du Moulin a learned and pious French Divine now living, 264, 265
  • Dominicus Molinus commended. 265
  • Henricus Mollerus, ibid
  • Mompeliers, 86
  • Monkery highly esteemed by the Papists, 17
  • Bishop Montague, 265
  • Arias Montanus a great Linguist, skilled in ten Languages, ibid
    • Famous for his diligence and faithful­nesse in the King of Spains Bible, ib.
  • Michael Montanus famous for his Essays ibid.
  • Ant. Montecatinus an exquisite Aristote­lian, ibid.
  • Olympia Fulvia Morata a learned and pious woman, 265, 266
  • Sir Thomas More a witty and learned man, but a great enemy to the truth of the Gospel. 266
    • Too much given to jesting and scoffing ib.
  • John Morinus a learned Papist, ibid
  • Philip Mornay Lord of Plessis, ibid.
  • Bishop Morton, and another Thomas Morton, 267
  • Simeon Mais an excellent Hebrician, ibid.
  • Sebastian Munster a Germane, a lear­ned Hebrician and Mathematician, 267
    • When he was born, ib.
    • Commended, ib. m.
  • Marcus Antonius Muretus a very elo­quent and diligent Writer, 267
    • Commended, ibid.
  • Musaeus, when he lived, ibid.
  • Wolfangus Musculus a judicious and so­lid Divine, ibid.
    • When he lived, ibid.
    • Commended, ibid. m.
  • Musick, the inventer of it, its several kinds, 42
  • Joachimus Mynsingerus, 268
N
  • CN Naevius a famous ancient Poet, 269
    • Commended, ib. & m.
  • Petrus Nannius a general Scholler, ibid.
    • Commended, ibid. m.
  • Franciscus Nansius, 270
  • John Napier a learned Scot, inventer of the Logarithmes, ibid
  • Naples, 80
  • Natalis Comes commended, 270
  • R. Mardochai Nathan. ibid
  • Gabriel Naudaeus a learned Frenchman, ib.
  • Joannes Nauelerus. ib.
  • Andreas Navagerius a most compleat Poet, Orator, and Historian, ibid
  • Navigation, 50
  • Gregory Nazianzen, when born, 270
    • Famous for his piety, learning, zeal and patience, ibid.
    • An assistant to his Father at Nazian­zen, but not Bishop there, ibid. & 271
  • Aelius Antonius Nebrissensis commended 271. m.
  • Neander a Physician and most excellent Poet, 271
  • New-Colledge in Oxford, 97
  • New-Inne in Oxford, 100
  • Nicephorus Callistus and Gregoras, 271
  • Nicetes Choniates when he lived, ibid.
    • Commended, ibid. m.
  • Nicolaus quintus, Papa a great Patron of [Page] Learning and learned men, 271, 272
  • Jo. Nider, ibid
  • Theod. à Niem Secretary to divers Popes, ibid
  • P. Placidus Nigidius. ibid.
  • Jo. Nirembergius an eloquent Authour, ibid.
  • Nismes, 86
  • Marius Nizolius, 272
  • Flaminius Nobilius, ibid.
  • Andreas Nolthius a great Mathemati­cian, 273
  • Nonnus Panopolit. ibid.
  • Alexander Nowel a learned and pious Divine. ibid.
  • Gregory Nyssene when he flourished. 273
O
  • BErnardinus Ochinus a Socinian, 273
  • Ch. Oclandus a famous English Poet, ib.
  • Gulielm. de Ockam a learned Englishman, ib.
    • Commended, ibid. m. & 274
  • Ode Abbot of Clun, 274
  • Jo. Oecolampadius a great friend to Zuin­glius, ibid.
    • Commended, ibid.
  • Oecumenius, ibid.
  • Ogilvy a Scotch Poet, ib.
  • Caspar Olevian, ib.
  • Olmuts, 88
  • Onkelos the Author of the Chaldee Me­taphrase of the Pentateuch, 274
    • When he lived, ib. m.
  • Onuphrius Panvinius commended, 274
  • Joannes Oporinus a famous Printer at Ba­sil, 275
  • Oppian a famous Greek Poet, 275
    • Received a piece of gold for every Verse of the Emperour Antonins, 275
  • Optatus the learned Bishop of Millevita, when he lived, 275
  • Opticks, 88
  • Orial Colledge in Oxford, 97
  • Origen, Scholar to Clemens Alexandrinus, 275
    • Erroneous, ibid.
    • When he lived, ibid.
    • Commended, ibid.
    • Why called Adamantius, ibid.
  • Orleance, 85
  • Orontius Fineus Professor of the Mathe­maticks at Paris under Francis the first, 275
    • When and where born, ib.
  • Paulus Orosius, 276
  • Orpheus a very ancient Poet long before Homer, ib.
  • Abraham Ortelius a famous Cosmogra­pher, ib.
  • Andreas Osiander, learned, but erroneous ib.
    • His Errour about being justified by the essential righteousnesse of Christ confuted, ib.
  • Hier. Osorius an eloquent man and too precise a follower of Tully, 277
    • Which of his Books most esteemed, ib.
  • Arnald. Ossat a learned French Cardinal, ib.
  • Otto the second escaped a danger by his skill in the Greek Tongue, ib.
  • William Oughtred a great Mathematician, ib.
  • Ovid had a naturall genius to Poetry, ib.
    • Commended, ib.
  • Oxford, 92. to 100
    • Why called Bellositum, 92. m.
    • Was reckoned one of the four ancient Universities by the Councel of Vienna, and had the second, if not the first place, ib.
    • Its Antiquity asserted, ib. & 94, 95
    • Famous for learned Schollers, 95
P
  • RIchard Pacie Secretary for the Latine Tongue to King Henry the eighth, commended, 278
  • Fabius and Julius Pacius, ib.
  • Marcus Pacuvius, ib.
  • Padua, 77
  • Paganism condemned, 5
  • Pagans, why so called, ib.
  • John Paget a learned Divine, 279
  • Santes Pagninus an excellent Hebrician, 279
  • Painting, 50
  • Petrus de Palude or Paludanus, 279
  • Jacobus Pamelius, ib.
  • Guido Pancirolus and Franciscus Paniga­rola, ib.
  • Anton. Panormita, ib.
  • Abbas Panormitanus, ib. & 280
  • Henricus Pantaleon, 280
  • Paph [...]utius famous in Ecclesiastical Hi­story, 280
  • [Page] Papia, 78
  • Papinianus a famous Lawyer, 280
  • Papists nickname and hardly intreat the Protestants, 21
  • Joannes Pappus a learned Lutherane, 280
  • Paracelsus had many names, ibid
    • He held three principles of things, ib.
    • He often censures the Ancients, ib.
  • Daniel, David and Philip Paraeus, 280, 281
  • Paris. 81, 82, 83
  • Matthew Paris or Parisius a faithful and diligent English Historian, 281
    • Why so called, ib. m.
  • Gul. Parisiensis. 281
  • Robert Parker a reverend Divine, ibid.
  • John Parkins, ib.
  • Robert Parsons an English Jesuite, a great railer, ibid.
  • Carolus Paschalius, 281
  • Stephanus Paschasius, 282
  • George and Matthias Pasor, ib.
  • Steven Pasquier a learned Frenchman, ib.
  • John Passeratius a learned Frenchman, the King of France his Professor of elo­quence, ib.
  • Franciscus Patricius Venetus, ib.
  • C. Velleius Paterculus an elegant Histo­rian, but a flatterer of Tiberius, 283
  • Patrick the first or second Archbishop of Ireland, ib.
  • Pope Paul the third, learned himself, and a lover of learned men, ib.
  • D Paulinus Aqui [...]anicus, ib
  • Julius Paulinus a learned Lawyer of Pa­dua, ib.
  • Father Paul of Venice, a wise and lear­ned man, 283, 284
  • Pausanias, he hath excellently described ancient Greece, 284
  • John Peacham Archbishop of Canterbury 284
  • Peireskius a great Antiquary, ib.
    • His Life excellently written by Gassen­dus, ibid.
  • Pelagius a Brittain by birth. ibid.
    • The Heads of his Errour, 284. m.
    • Who wrote against him, ib.
  • Pelagians so called from him, ib.
    • What they taught, ibid. & 285
  • John Pell a learned English Mathemati­cian, ibid.
  • Conradus Pellicanus a learned Germane Divine, a great Linguist, ibid.
  • William Pemble a learned and pious Eng­lish Divine, 285
    • His speech about Justification, when he died, ib.
  • Pembroke-Colledge in Oxford, 99
  • Pembrook-Hall in Cambridge, 101
  • John Pena Professor of Mathematicks to the King of France in Paris, 285
  • Gabriel Penottus, ib.
  • Benedictus Pererius a learned Jesuite, ib.
  • William Perkins a learned and godly Di­vine, ib.
    • Commended, ib.
  • Cardinal Perron, 286
    • Commended, ib.
    • His Books against the Protestants well answered, and by whom, ib.
  • Nicolaus Perottus, 286
  • Persian Language, 61
  • Aulus Persius Flaccus the most eloquent Satyrist, yet obscure, 286
  • Dionrsius Petavius a learned French Jesuite, 286
    • Commended and censured, ib.
  • Peter-House in Cambridge, 101
  • Samuel Petitus a very learned French­man, 287
  • Francis Petrark a witty and sententious Italian Orator and Poet, ib.
    • When he was born and died, ibid.
    • Commended, ib.
    • He inveighs against Rome. ib.
    • His Life written, and by whom, ibid.
    • Part of his Epitaph, ibid.
  • Petronius Arbiter an obscene Writer, yet his Latine is pure, ibid
  • Suffridus Petrus a Frisian, who wrote the History of Frisia, and of the Wri­ters of Frisia. 288
  • Gasper Peucer a learned Physician and Mathematician, ib.
    • He wrote a singular Book of his own imprisonment, ib.
  • Christ. Pezelius a learned Writer, ibid.
  • Demetrius Phalereus, ib.
  • Philo Judaeus who lived in Christs time, or after his passion, but was unskilfull in the Hebrew, ib.
    • Commended, ib.
    • The Book of Wisdome written by him, ibid
  • Jo. Philoponus, ibid.
  • Philosophy natural and moral, 44, 45
  • Philosophers the several sorts, 44
  • The chief Philosophers, ib. m
  • John Philpot one of the most learned of [Page] our English Martyrs, 289
  • Fl. Philostratus, ibid.
  • Gul. Philander a very learned man, ibid.
  • Franciscus Philelphus, ibid.
  • Phisiognomy, 51, 52
  • Phoenicians the inventers of Arithmetick 41
  • Photinus learned, but a great Heretick, 289
  • Photius Patriark of Constantinople, the learnedst man of his time, ibid
  • Physick. 45
  • Alexander and Francis Piccolomny, 289
  • Pet. Picherellus a learned Frenchman, ibid.
    • His Notes on a great part of the New Testament unhappily lost, ib.
  • Jo. Pierius Valerianus, 290
    • Some of his Works commended, ibid.
  • Albertus Pighius a learned Papist, ibid.
    • He by reading Calvin altered his judgement, 290. m.
  • Stephanus Pighius, 290
  • Laurentius Pignorius the great orna­ment of Italy, commended, ibid.
  • Pindar one of the chief Lyrick Poets, ibid.
    • Commended, ibid.
  • Pineda, 291
  • Joannes Vincentius Pinellus a learned Ita­lian, skilled in many Languages, ib.
    • How he adorned his house, ib.
  • John Piscator an excellent Scripture-Di­vine, but no School-Divine, ib.
  • Jo. Pistorius, ib.
  • Jo. Pitsaeus. ib.
  • Franciscus and Peter Pithaeus, 291, 292
  • Bartholomaeus Pitiscus a learned Divine and Mathematician, 292
  • Plantavitzius. ib.
  • Christopher Plantine a learned Printer, ib.
  • Bartholomaeus or Baptista Platina a most learned man, ib.
  • Felix Platerus. Verses on his name. ib.
  • Plato, was called Divine for his rare wis­dom, 293
    • Whence he had his name, ib.
  • Plautus, where born, ib.
  • C. Plinius the Uncle, and Plinius secun­dus the younger, ibid.
    • Verses of the younger Pliny. 294
  • Edmund Ployden a great Lawyer, ib.
    • His Commentaries commended, 294
  • Plutark, where born, ib.
    • A grave and learned Writer, ib.
    • Commended, ib.
    • Verses of him, ib.
  • Edward Pocock Professor of Hebrew and Arabick in Oxford. ib.
  • Poetry. 48, 49, 50
    • The several sorts of Poets, 49, 50
  • Joannes Franciscus Poggius Florentinus, 295
  • Poictiers. 83
  • Amandus Polanus. 295
  • Angelus Politianus, why so called, 295
    • Commended, ib.
  • Julius Pollux. ib.
  • Reginaldus Polus Cardinalis. 296
    • Commended and censured. ib.
  • Polyander à Kerckoven. ib.
  • Polybius a learned Historian, ib.
  • Polycarpus, when he lived, 290
  • Arnoldus Pontacus. 296
  • Jo. Isaacius Pontanus. 97
  • Lud. de Ponte Romanus, or Pontanus. 297
  • Popery, what it is, 13
    • The contrarieties in it, ib.
    • God had his people in the midst of Popery, 15
    • The Popish Church not holy, ib.
  • Ausonius Popma, 297
  • Porchetus, ib.
  • Porphyrie an enemy to Christians, ib.
  • Gilbertus Porretanus, ib.
  • Jo. Baptista Porta. ib.
  • Joan. Vincentius Porta. 298
  • Posnavia. 87
  • Joannes Posselius a pious and learned man 298
  • Antonius Possevinus, ib.
  • Joannes Posthius a learned Physician and Poet, ib.
  • Gul. Postellus a great Linguist. ib.
    • The first of Christians which published the rudiments of the Arabick Gram­mer, ib.
  • Odeschalcus Praetorius, ib.
    • A Verse upon him. ib.
  • Regnerus Praedinius. ib.
  • Hieronymus Pragensis when burnt at Constance. 299
  • Prague. 87
  • D r John Preston. 299
  • D r Prideaux. ib.
  • Sylvester de Prierie. ib.
  • Gilbert and David Primrose. ib.
  • Printing an usefull Art, by whom in­vented, 53, 54
  • Priscianus a famous Grammarian, 299
  • Proclus had a great memory, ib.
    • A great Mathematician and Philoso­pher, ib.
  • Procopius Gazaeus. ib.
  • Propertius singular in Elegies, 300
    • Verses of him, ib.
  • Prosper of Aquitane. ib.
  • Protestants, why called Lollards in Eng­land, and Huguenots in France. 21
  • Proverbs. 300
  • Aurelius Prudentius when he lived, ib.
    • Commended, ib.
  • Claudius Ptolomaeus, when he flourished, 301
    • Commended, ib.
  • Ptolomaeus Philadelphus a favourer of Learning, and famous for a magnificent Library, 301
  • Eryc. Puteanus. 301
  • Claudius Puteanus commended, ib.
  • Samuel Purchas our English Ptolomy. 301.302
  • Pythagoras the Philosopher, where born, 302
    • The illustrator, if not inventer of the Mathematicks, ib.
    • His Schollers highly honoured him, ib.
Q
  • QVeens. Colledge in Oxford. 97
    • In Cambridge. 102
  • Johannes Quinquarboreus Regius Profes­sor of Hebrew and Chaldee at Paris. 302
  • Quintilian commended. 302
R
  • RAbanus Maurus, when he lived, 303
    • Commended, ib.
  • Franciscus Rabelaesus a witty, but Athe­istical French Physician, ibid.
  • Jacobus Ranardus a great Lawyer, ibid.
  • Georgius Ragusius commended, ib.
  • D r John Rainolds a learned and pious Doctor of Oxford, ibid.
    • Commended, ib.
  • Sir Walter Raleigh, ib.
  • Ralph a Monk of Fulda, 304
  • Petrus Ramus commended, ib.
    • Verses of him, ib.
    • Slain at the great Massacre at Paris, ib.
  • Ranulphus, ibid
  • Francis Raphelengius a learned Linguist, ibid.
  • Rasis or Rhasis a great Physician of A­rabia, ib.
  • William Rastall a great Lawyer, 304, 305
  • Franciscus Ranchinus, 305
  • Joannes and Pet. Ravennas, ibid.
  • Hermannus Ravenspergerus, ibid
  • Reconciliation of different Religions how far justifiable, 23, 24
    • Whether the Protestants may be Re­conciled with the Papists, 24, 25
  • Reformation of the Church of Rome ne­cessary, 14, 15
  • The Reformed Religion maintained, 17, 18, 19
  • The means taken by the first Reformers for promoting the work of Religion, 19
  • Reformed Writers commended, 19. & 20
    • And the purity of their Doctrine as­serted, 20
    • Nicknamed by the Papists, 20
  • The Papists two great Objections against the Reformed Religion answered, 21, [...]2
  • Joannes Mullerus Regiomontanus one of the famousest Mathematicians of Ger­many, 305
    • When he lived, ib.
    • He found out the tenth sphere, and its diurnal motion, ibid.
  • Jacobus Reihingius, 305
  • Erasmus Reinholdus a famous Astrono­mer, ibid.
  • Religion that it is. 1
    • What it is, 2
    • The Hebrew, Greek and Latine words for Religion opened, ib
    • Defined, ib.
    • It is true or false, ibid.
    • Its antiquity, ibid.
  • Rules to know the true Religion, 2. & 3
  • Christian Religion planted by the power of God, 3
  • Wherein the glory of Religion lies, 3, 4
  • Means to keep us constant in the true Religion, 4
  • Whether men may be saved in any Reli­gion, ibid.
  • Of the chief false Religions, 5. to 17
  • Of the Reformed Religion, 17, 18, 19
  • [Page]The Papists use both violent and fraudu­lent means to propagate their Religion, 16, 17
  • Reliques, the worshipping of them con­demned, 16
  • Remigius commended, 305, 306
  • Georgius Remus, ibid.
  • John Reuchlin commended, 306
    • Jovius makes him the author of that Book, Epistolae obseurorum virorum, ibid.
    • He bred many excellent Schollers, ib.
  • Nicolaus Rensnerus, 306
  • Rhem [...]s, 85
  • Beatus Rhenanus commended, 306
    • Verses of him, ibid.
  • Rhetorick, what it is, and whence derived, 39
  • Johannes Rhodius, 307
  • Ludovicus Coelius Rhodiginus, when he lived, ibid.
    • Commended, ibid.
    • His Epitaph, ib.
  • Pet. Ribadeneyra, ibid.
  • Fr. Ribera a learned Jesuite, ib.
  • Antonius Riccobonus, ib.
  • Christophorus Riccius, ib.
  • Paulus Riccius a learned Germane Jew converted to the Christian Faith, 308
  • Bishop Ridley the most learned Martyr in Queen Maries dayes, ibid.
  • Petrus Riga, ibid.
  • Nicolaus Rigaltius, ib.
  • Joh. Riolanus both the Father and the Son ib.
  • Joachimus Fortius Ringelbergius, ibid
  • Fridericus Risnerus, ibid.
  • Conradus Ritterhusius, when and where he was born, 308. & 309
    • Commended, ibid. m.
  • Sir Thomas Rives, 309
  • Andrew and William Rivet, ib.
  • Mart. de Roa. ibid.
  • Franciscus Robortellus, ib.
  • Angelus Roccha, ib.
  • Robert Rollock a learned Scotch Divine, 310
  • Romances, whence the word comes, 64
  • Adrianus Romanus, 310
  • Rome, 75, 76
  • Gulielmus Rondeletius an excellent Physi­cian, 310
  • Peter Ronsard Prince of the French Poets ibid.
    • An Epitaph of him, ib.
  • Bartas and Cardinal Perrons speech of him, 310, 311
  • Jo. Rosinus, 311
  • Alexander Rosse a learned Scotchman, ibid.
  • Rostock, 71
  • Herebertus Rosweydus a learned Jesuite, 311
  • Hieronymus Roverius, ib.
  • Hier. Rubeus a famous Physician, ibid.
  • Rudolphus secundus Imperator, ib.
  • Joannes Ruellius, ibid.
  • Rusfinus Presbyter, ib.
  • David Rungius, 311, 312
  • Rupertus Abbot of Tuy commended, 312
  • Jo. de Rupescissa, ib.
  • Janus Rutgersius, ibid.
S
  • EManuel Sa, 312
  • Marcus Antonius Co [...]ceius Sabellicus, ibid.
  • Raymundus de Sabunde, ib.
  • Jo. de Sacro bosco a famous Philosopher and Mathematician, 313
    • When he flourished, ib.
    • An Englishman, ibid.
  • Antonius Sadeel commended, 313. m
  • Jac. Sadoletus a learned Cardinall, 313
    • Thought to be poisoned, ibid
  • Salamanca, 89
  • Salern, 80, 81
  • Jac. Salianus. 313
  • Cl. Salmasius a learned French Critick, 313, 314
    • Commended and censured, 314
  • Alph. Salmeron, ibid
  • Salvianus, 314
  • Salustius Crispus, ib.
  • Samaritan Language. 58, 59
  • Scaevola Sammarthanus a learned French Poet, 314
    • Verses to him, ibid.
  • D r Sanderson, ibid.
  • Gaspar Sanctius a learned Spaniard, 315
  • Antonius and Nic. Sanderus, ib.
  • Hugo Sanfordus. ibid.
  • Jacobus Sannazarius a learned Poet, ibid
  • Cardinal Bembus his Epigram upon him, ib.
  • Sappho Lesbia when she lived, ib.
    • The Sapphick Verses so called from [Page] her, 316
  • Saragossa, 90
  • Erasmus Sarcerius a learned Divine, 316
  • Alex. Sardus, ib.
  • Jo. Sarisburiensis, ib.
  • Adam Sasbout, ib.
  • Hieronymus Savanarola a Dominican and famous Preacher, ib.
  • Sir Henry Savill a great Mathematician, and expert Grecian, ib.
    • Commended, 317
  • Scaligers, both Julius and Joseph, ib.
    • Verses of them, ibid.
  • Julius Caesar Scaliger, ibid.
    • Commended and censured, ibid
  • Joseph Scaliger commended. 317
  • Ch. Scheibler, 319
  • William Schickard a great Linguist, ib.
  • Valentine Schindler, ib.
  • Martinus Schoockius, ib.
  • School-Divinity, 38
  • Schools. Grammer schools the Nurseries of Learning, ib.
  • The most famous trivial Schools in Eng­land, 92
  • Gaspar and Andrew Schoppius, 319
  • Scotland, 53
  • D r Sclater, 321
  • Learned men of Scotland, and its Uni­versities, 103, 104
  • Cornel. Schonaeus a Poet of most elegant wit, 319
  • And. Schottus a learned and candid Je­suite, ibid.
  • Jo. Duns Scotus a learned Englishman, the wittiest of all the Schoolmen, 320
    • When he lived, ib.
    • Verses of him, ib.
  • Johannes Scotus Erigena an Irishman, Master to King Alfred, 320
    • Witty and pleasant, ib.
    • He was murthered by his Schollers with their penknives, 321
  • Caelius Sedulius Scotus, 322
  • Carolus Scribanius censured, 321
  • Pet. Scriverius, ib.
  • Anna Maria a Schurman a learned Dutchwoman, ib.
  • Bartholomaeus and Abraham Scultetus, 322
  • John Selden a learned English Lawyer, ib.
    • His Books commended, ib.
    • What he wrote in all his Books. ib.
  • Nicolaus Selneccerus Doctor of Divinity in Lipsia, 322
    • His Distick for himself, ib.
  • Lucius Annaeus Seneca the Philosopher, when born, 323
    • The Prince of the Stoicks, ib.
  • Nero's Schoolmaster, ib.
  • Seneca the Tragick Poet, ibid.
  • Sixtus Senensis commended, ib.
  • Dan. Sennertus a learned Physician, ibid.
  • Nic. Serarius a good Hebrician, ib.
  • Servius a most learned Grammarian, ibid.
  • Sulpitius Severus commended, 324
  • Robert Sheringham, ib.
  • D r Sibbes. ib.
  • Sir Philip Sidney, 324
  • Sidney-Sussex-Colledge in Cambridge, 103
  • Sienna, 80
  • Sigebertus Monk of Gemblaux, 324
  • Carolus Sigonius a most accurate Writer ib.
  • Siguenca, 90
  • Silius Italicus, 324
  • Jacobus Silvius a learned man and great Physician, but covetous, ib.
    • Buchanans Verses of him, ib.
  • Jo. Simlerus, 324, 325
  • Simonides, 325
  • Simplicius, ib.
  • Gabriel Sionita, ib.
  • Jacobus Sirmondus a learned French Je­suite, ib.
  • Siville, 88
  • John Sleiden, 325
  • Henricus Smetius, 326
  • Erasmus Schmidt, ibid.
  • Bishop Smith and Sir Thomas Smith, ib.
  • Rodolphus Snellus, 326
  • Ernardus and Theodoricus Snepsius, ibid.
  • Laelius and Faustus and Marianus Soci­nus, 327
  • Socinianism sprung from Mahometism, 9
  • The main parts of Socinianism, 327
  • Socrates Scholasticus, ib.
  • C. Julius Solinus Polyhist. ib.
  • George Sohn Doctor of Divinity in Hei­delberg, 327
  • Sophocles, ib.
    • Commended, 328
  • Sore or Sorre. 75
  • Dominicus Soto a Spanish Divine of great fame, ib.
  • Sozomene, ib.
  • [Page] Spain. The famous learned men there, 88
    • The Universities there, 88 to 91
  • Frederick Spanheme a learned and pious French Divine, 328
  • Spanish Language, 64
  • Aelius Spartianus, 328
  • Sir Henry Spelman a learned and painfull Antiquary, ib.
  • Edmund Spencer the Prince of English Poets in his time, ib.
    • His Epitaph, ib.
  • Ad. Spigelius a learned Physician, 328
  • Jo. Stadius a great Mathematician, 329
  • Sir William Stamford a great Lawyer, ib.
  • Richard Stanihurst a learned Irish Papist, ibid.
  • Thomas Stapleton a learned Englishman, ib.
  • Papinius Statius a good Poet, ib.
  • D. Josiah Stegman, ib.
  • Didacus Stella, ib.
  • Godeschalcus Stewichius, ib.
  • Henry and Robert Stevens, 329, 330
  • Stephanus Stephanius, 330
  • Jo. Stobaus, ibid
  • Stoicks the strictest Sect of the Philoso­phers, yet farre short of Christians, 5
  • D Stoughton a learned and pious Divine, 330
  • Strabo and Walfr. Strabo. ibid.
  • Strabus Monachus Fuldensis, ib.
    • Authour of the Ordinary Glosse, ib.
  • Famianus Strada a famous Orator, Poet and Historian, ib.
  • Streso a learned Divine, 331
  • Victorinus Strigelius, when he lived, ib.
    • Commended, ib.
  • Kyriacus Strozza a great Philosopher, ib.
  • Jo. Guliel. Stuckius commended, ib.
  • Joannes and Jacobus Sturmins, ib.
  • Fr. Suarez, 332
  • C. Suetonius Tranquillus a very faithfull Historian, 332
    • When he lived, ibid.
    • Commended, ibid
  • Suidas, ib.
  • D. Sutlive, ib.
  • Emanuel Sayno, ib.
  • Fran. Swertius, ib.
  • Roger Swinset or Suisset a famous English School Divine, ib.
    • Commended, 332. m.
  • Caspar Schwenckfeldius, 333
  • Frid. Sylburgius a great Grecian, ib.
  • Symmachus, ib.
  • Gul. Sympsonus and Edward Symson, ib.
  • Michael Syncellus, ib.
  • Synesius Cyreneus, ib.
  • Syriack Language, 59, 60
T
  • COrnelius Tacitus, when he lived, 335. m.
    • Commended, ibid.
    • His History preferred before his An­nals, ibid.
  • Tadaus or Thadaeus, 336
  • Andomarus Talaeus Professor of elo­quence at Paris, 336
  • Talmud, what it is, the Babylonian, and that of Jerusalem, ib.
    • The two parts of it Mischna and Ge­mara, 336
  • Talisman made by Virgil, 355
  • Ruardus Tapperus, 336
  • Jo. and Paulus Tarnovius, ib.
  • Alex. Tartagnus, ib.
  • Tatianus Alexandrinus, 337
  • Fridericus Taubmannus a learned and pi­ous man, ib.
  • Joh. Taulerus, ib.
  • Francis Taylor and D r Taylor, ibid.
  • Sir William Temple, ib.
  • Jo. Temporarius, how long it is reported he lived, ib.
  • Terence, when he lived, 337, 338
    • Commended, ibid. & 38. & 63 m.
  • Tertullian, where and when he was born, 338
    • The ancientst of the Latine Fathers, ib.
    • Commended and censured, ib.
  • Testament. The Greek Testament rare in Germany before Pellican, 285
  • Testamentum Novum, 338
  • Jo. Ravisius Textor commended and cen­sured, 339
  • Themistius, ibid.
  • Themistocles, ib.
  • Theocritus a famous Greek Poet, ib.
  • Theodoret Bishop of Gyrus in Syria, ibid.
    • Follows Chrysostom, ib.
  • Theodotio Ponticus, ib.
  • Theon a great Mathematician, ib.
  • Theophanes, ib.
  • [Page] Theophilus Antiochenus, 340
  • Theophrastus, why so called, ib.
    • Commended, ibid.
  • Theophylact Archbishop of Bulgaria the Epitomizer of Chrysostome, ib.
    • When he lived, ib.
  • Andrew Thevet Cosmographer to the French King, ib.
  • Tholouse, 86
  • Herbert Thorndike, 340
  • Jacobus Augustus Thuanus a most faith­full Historian, 350
    • Commended, ib. & 3 [...]1
  • Thucidides, when he lived, 341. m.
    • Commended, 341
  • Tibullus a most elegant Poet, 341
  • Daniel Tilenus a learned man, but incon­stant, ibid.
  • Andreas Tiraquellus commended, ibid.
    • Hath illustrated Alexander ab A­lexandro his Genialium dierum, ibid.
  • Jacobus Tirinus a learned Jesuite, ib.
  • Toledo. 88
  • Toleration, Whether of many Religions lawfull, 216
    • Not of the Papists, and how far of the Jews, 26, 27
  • Fr. Toletus a learned Cardinal and Jesuite 342
    • His Commentary on John commend­ed, 342
    • Himself commended, ib. m.
    • Honoured by the Pope, ib.
  • Jacobus Philippus Thomasinus, ib.
  • George Thompson, ib.
  • Cutbert Tonstall, ib.
  • Torquatus Tassus a learned Poet, 343
  • Aug. Torniellus a learned and diligent Ita­ [...]an Historian, ib.
  • Levinus Torrentius commended, ib.
    • A great Poet, ib.
  • Joannes Tortellius, ib.
  • Tortura Torti commended, 115, 116
  • Dan and Paul Tossanus, 343
  • Georgius Trapezuntius whence so called, ib.
    • Lost his Learning in his old-age, ib
  • Walter Travers a learned and piovs Di­vine, ib.
  • Lucas Trelcatius, 344
  • Immanuel Tremellius commended, 344
  • Trier. 69
  • Jac. Triglandius. 344
  • Trinity-Colledge in Oxford, 99
    • In Cambridge, 101
  • Trinity-Hall in Cambridge, 97
  • Jo. Trithemius when he lived. 344
    • Commended, ib.
    • Very skilfull in Magick, 344
  • Trivial Schools, why so called, 38
  • Mart. Trostius, 344
  • Tubing, 69, 70
  • Turin, 79
  • Turks, their Religion, 89
    • Their abstinence and sobriety, 9
    • They prepare themselves to prayer by outward washing, 10
  • Adrianus Turnebus Professor of Philoso­phy and Greek to the French King in Paris, 344
    • Commended, ib. m. & 345
  • Benedict Turretine a learned Frenchman, 345
  • Franciscus Turrianus, ib.
  • Jacobus Tusanus a singular Grecian, ib.
  • Dr. Twisse a learned English Divine, who hath solidly refuted the Arminians, ibid.
  • Pontus Tyardaeus, ib
  • William Tyndall commended, 346
    • A Distick on him, ib.
V
  • IOachimus Vadianus the chiefest Cos­mographer of his time, 346
  • Matthaeus Vayerus, ib.
  • Valentia. 89
  • Gregory de Valentia a very learned Jesuite 346
    • A Booksellers Speech of him, 347
  • Petrus Valladanus a learned French Mi­nister, 346
  • Valladolis. 89
  • Valerius Maximus good for Themes, 347
    • Verses of him, ib.
  • Laurentius Valla commended and censu­red, 347, 348
  • Cyprian de Valera, 348
  • Lucas Valerius the Archimedes of his age, ib.
  • Henry and Franciscus Vallesius, ib,
  • Marcus Varro highly commended, 348, 349
    • His Etymologies are somewhat forced 349
  • Gabriel Vasquez the Papists most expert Schoolman, ib.
  • Franciscus Vatablus a famous French Hebrician, 349, m.
  • John Vdall a learned and pious Divine, ib.
  • Nic. Vedelius a learned French Writer, ibid
  • [Page] And. Vega one of the learnedst at the Councel of Trent. 349
  • Flavius Vegetius. ibid
  • Marcus Velserus, when he lived, ibid. m.
    • Commended, 349, 350
  • Venantius Honorius. 350
  • Venice. 76, 77
  • Claudius Verderius the great Censurer, 350
  • Paulus Vergerius an eloquent Lawyer and Philosopher. ibid
    • Turned Protestant. ib.
  • Jacobus Verheidenus. 351
  • Verse. Which Verse in Virgil the Devil judged to be best, 141
  • Andreas Vessalius, where and when he was born, 351
    • A famous Anatomist. ibid
  • Sextus Aurelius Victor a most elegant Historian. ibid.
    • When he lived. ibid.
  • Hugo and Richardus de S. Victore, ib.
  • Fr. à Victoria, why so called, ibid
    • Commended, ibid.
  • Victorinus Afer. 352
  • Petrus Victorius a singular Grecian, ibid,
  • Marcus Hieron, Vidas an excellent Poet. ibid.
  • Vienna. 72
  • Franciscus Vieta a learned French Ma­thematician, 352
  • Nic. Vignerius Father and Son. ib.
  • Jo. Baptista Villalpandus a learned Divine and Mathematician. ibid
  • Arnaldus de Villa-Nova. 353
  • Simon Villa-Novanus commended, ib.
  • Alexander de Villa Dei. ib.
  • Laurentius Villa Vincentius a Spaniard. ibid.
    • Hyperius stole from his whole Book. ibid.
  • Vilna. 87
  • Vincentius Belluacensis. 353
  • Vincentius Lirinensis. ib.
  • Petrus de Vineis. ibid.
  • Elias Vinetus a most learned and elo­quent man. 354
  • Antonius Viperan [...]u. ibid
  • Petrus Viretus an eloquent French Divine 354
  • Virgilius a Bishop in Bavaria condemn­ed for an Heretick, for affirming, that there were Antipodes. 354
  • Polyd. Virgilius, or Vergilius, when he lived, 354
    • Commended and censured, ibid
  • Publius Virgilius Maro the stately Poet, 354
    • Whether Virgilius or Vergilius. ib.
    • Commended, ibid. & 355
    • His Distick on the Palace-gate of the Emperour Augustus, with its interpre­tation. ibid.
    • Why called Parthenius. ib.
  • Vitae, Lives of divers mentioned. 355 356
  • Jo. Annius Viterbiensis taxed for his cheating. 355
  • Go [...]fridus Vitebergensis commended. 356
  • Vitellio hath written excellently on the Opticks, ib.
  • Jacobus de Vitriaco. ib.
  • L [...]wes Vives flockt after in Oxford. 357
    • Commended. ibid. m.
  • Vlphilas, when he lived, ib.
    • Named several wayes. ib. m.
  • Vlpian a great Lawyer. ibid
  • Vniversity-Colledge in Oxford. 96
  • Vniversities. 65. to 105
  • Gisbertus Voetius a learned Dutch Divine Professor of Divinity at Vtrect. 357
  • Raph Volateranus, when he lived. ib.
    • Verses of him, ibid.
    • Commended, ibid. m
  • Melchior Volmarus Beza's Master, a great Grecian, 357.358
  • Conradus Vorstius learned but heretical. 358
  • Gerard John Vossius highly commended. ibid.
    • His Historia Pelagiana most disliked ibid.
  • Vpsall. 75
  • Vrbane the 8 th Pope a good Poet. 358
  • Fulvius Vrsinus a most learned Anti­quary. ib.
  • Zachary Vrsin a learned and solid Di­vine, ib.
    • Where born, ib.
    • Was sparing of time, as the Verses over his Study shew'd, ibid.
  • Abbas Vrspergensis. 359
  • Bishop Vsher the hundreth Archbishop of Armagh from Patrick. ibid.
    • Commended, ibid
    • Jansenius much beholding to him for his Sanctus Augustinus. ibid
    • His several Works mentioned, and some of them commended, 359, 360
  • Carolus Vtenhovius a great Linguist, 360
  • Bonaventura Vulcanius Brugensis com­mended, ib.
  • Vtrect. 60
W
  • WAdham-Colledge in Oxford. 99
  • Luc. Waddingus. 360
  • Sir Isaac Wake the University Orator at Oxford. ibid.
  • Robert Wakefield a learned English He­brician. ibid.
  • Antonius Walaeus an orthodox solid Di­vine. ibid.
  • Waldenses not the Albigenses. ibid
    • Famous for three things. ibid.
    • Their first original. ibid. & 361
  • D r Wallis. 361
  • Nic. Waltherus. ibid.
  • Samuel Ward and D r Ward. ibid.
  • Sir James Ware. ib.
  • Gasper Waserus a learned Linguist. ib.
  • D r Wats. ibid
  • Guliemus Watsius commended. 362
  • Geo. Weiganmeirus. ib.
  • Mar. Frider. Wendelinus. ibid.
  • Jo. de Wesalia. ibid
  • Matthaeus Wesembechius, when and where born. ibid.
    • A learned Lawyer. ib.
    • His Epitaph made by and for himself before his death. ibid
  • Wesselus Groningensis commended. 362, 363
  • Matth. Westmonasteriensis, when he lived. 363
    • A famous Historian. ibid
  • Elizabeth Weston a learned English wo­man. ib.
    • Commended by Joseph Scaliger and Janus Dousa. ib.
  • William Whately commended. ib.
  • Deg. Wheare the learned History Reader in Oxford. ibid
  • Abraham Wheelock the first Arabick Pro­fessor in Cambridge. ib.
  • D r William Whitaker highly commended ib.
  • Jeremy Whitaker. 364
  • D. John White and Thomas White. ibid
  • Archbishop Whitgift. 364
    • His Uncles Speech of the Popish Reli­gion. ib.
    • He wrote his Notes in Latine before he preacht them. ib.
  • John Wicliff a most incomparable School­man. 365
    • Followed Ockam much. ib.
    • John Hus was his Sholler. ib.
    • When he flourished. ibid.
    • Called Doctor Evangelicus, ib.
    • Where born and brought up. 365
    • Commended. ibid.
    • Some Speeches of his mentioned. ibid.
    • Some of his Errours recited. ib.
  • Roger Widdrington a learned School-Divine, his right name was Preston. 366
    • Defended the Oath of Allegiance. ib.
  • Albertus Widmanstadius well skilled in the Oriental Tongues. ib.
    • Put forth almost all the New Testa­ment in Syriack. ib.
  • Joannes Wierus a learned Germane, ib.
  • Jo. Wigandus, when and where born. ib.
    • His Epitaph for himself. ib.
    • The Scriptures with which he sustain­ed himself on his death-bed. ib.
  • Doctor Willet a laborious godly Divine. ib.
  • Ralph Winterton Greek Professour in Cambridge.
  • Nigellus Wircker an ancient Poet, ibid.
  • Wittenberg. 70
  • Wirtzburg, 69
  • John and Jerom Wolphius commended. 367
  • Women. Learned Women. 156, 167, 171, 185, 186, 213, 228, 315, 321
  • Olaus Wormius Professor of Physick in Hafnia. 367
  • Anthony, Edward and Sir Henry Wotton, ibid.
  • John Wouwerius Councellour to the Prince of Holsatia. ib.
    • Commended. ibid. & 368
    • He turned Papist. 368
  • George Wyrth turned Protestant in his old age. ib.
X
  • FRancis and Jerom Xavier both Jesuites 368
  • Jerom Xavier hath written the History of Christ in the Persian Language, and corrupted it with many fables and su­perstitious niceties. Ludovicus De Dieu turned it into Latine, with Animadver­versions, ib.
  • Xenophon commended. ib.
  • Scipio Africanus alwayes carried with him his Institution of Cyrus. 369
  • Francis Ximenes Cardinal, Archbishop of Toledo, famous for the Biblia Com­plutensia, [Page] and the magnificent Univer­sity at Complute. 369
  • Jo. Xiphilinus. ib.
  • William Xilander, when born, ib.
    • Commended. ib.
Y
  • Dr. YOung. 369
Z
  • FRranciscus and Jacobus Zabarella. 370
  • Zaccutus Lusitanus. ib.
  • Hieronymus Zanchius a solid and pious Divine. ib.
    • One of the most Scholastical among the Protestants. ib.
  • Josephus Zarlinus a famous Musician. ib.
  • Joannes Vlricus Zasius. 370
  • Zenodotus. 371
  • Guliel. Zepperus a learned Protestant Wri­ter. ib.
  • Jacobus Zeiglerus a great Mathematician. ib.
  • Bernard Zigler. ib.
  • Zoilus. ib.
  • Johannes Zonaras a Greek Monk, when he flourished. 371
  • Zosimus. ib.
  • D. Zouch a learned Civilian of Oxford. ib.
  • Vigelius Zuichemus commended. 372
  • Theodorus and Jacobus Zuingerus. 372
  • Huldricus Zuinglius, when he lived. ib.
    • Commended. 372, 373
    • Slain in battel. 373

THE AUTHORS and their WORKS to which I was chiefly beholding for the Compiling of this TREATISE.

A
  • ACademiarum quae ali­quando fuerunt, & ho­diè sunt, in Europa Ca­talogus.
  • Melch Adami vitae Germ. [...]heol. Iuriscons. Polit. Med. & Phil.
  • Bibliotheca Script. Societ. Iesu a Philippo Alegambe Edita.
  • Leo Allatius his Apes Vrbanae.
  • Alstedii Encyclopaedia.
  • Althusii Orat. Panegyr. de necessitate & Antiq. Schol.
  • Amamae Paraen. de excitandis SS. lingua­rum studiis.
  • Amyraldus de Secessione ab Ecclesia Ro­mana.
  • Antiquitates Britannicae written by Ioce­lin, but because of his rough style polished by D. Haddon.
  • Arnobius adversus gentes.
  • Aschami Epistolae.
  • Athenae, Batavae, Belgicae.
  • Azorii Institutiones Morales.
B
  • BAcons Advancement of Learn­ing.
  • Balaeus de Script. Britan.
  • Hadrianus Barlandus de Hollandia.
  • Baudii Epist.
  • Beckmanni Manuductio ad Ling. Lat.
  • Bellarm. de Scriptoribus Ecclesiae.
  • Bembi Epist.
  • Bezae Epist. & Icones.
  • Bibliander de ratione communi omnium Linguarum.
  • Bibliotheca Hispanica.
  • Blancani Chronol. Math.
  • Bocharti Geographia Sacra.
  • Bodini Method. Hist.
  • Boissardi Icones.
  • Boxhornii Monumenta Illustrium viro­rum & Theat. Hollandiae.
  • Tych. Brah. opera.
  • Brerewoods Enquiries.
  • Buchanani Rerum Scot. Hist. & Epig.
  • Buddeni Wainfleti [...].
C
  • PEt. Vict. Cajet. Palm. Paradig. Ling. Syr. &c.
  • Caius De Antiq. Cant. Acad.
  • Calvini Epist. & De necessitate reformat. Eccles.
  • Calvis. Chronol.
  • Camerarii Hor. Subces.
  • Cael. Secund. Cur. Orat.
  • Campiani opera.
  • Casaub. Epist.
  • [Page] Castellanus De Claris Medicis.
  • Caussin Eloq Sac. & Hum. Paralel.
  • Cham. Corp. Theol. & Epist. Iesuit.
  • Clenardi Epist.
  • Hermanni Coring. De Antiq. Acad. Dis­sertat.
  • Crakanth. Log. & de Provid. Dei.
  • Pet. Crinitus. De Poetis.
  • Crines. Discursus De Confus. Ling.
  • Lud. Croc. in Ficinum de relig. Christ.
  • Cunaeus de Repub. Heb.
D
  • DIlher. Disputat. Acad.
  • Down. in Chrysost.
  • Duret. Histoire Des Langues De Cest Vnivers.
E
  • COnstantini L' Empereur Not. in Benjam.
  • Erasmi Epistolae.
  • Erpenii Orat. de lingua Arabica.
F
  • MArsilius Ficinus de relig. Chri­stiana.
  • Julius Firmicus Maternus de errore profa­narum religionum.
  • Ubert Folietae Elogia.
  • Forbes. Instruct. Historico. Theol.
  • Foxes Acts and [...]lonum.
  • Joan. Jac. Frisii Bibliotheca Philos.
  • Fuligatti vitae Bellarm.
  • Fulleri Miscel.
G
  • GAssend. de vita Peireskii.
  • Geneb. Chronol.
  • Alber. Gentil. laudes Academiae Paerisinae & Oxon.
  • Gentiletti Exam. Concil. Trid. & Apol. pro Christianis Gallis Relig. Reform.
  • Gerh. Confes. Cathol. contra Pontificios, & Patrologia.
  • Gesneri Bibliotheca & Mithridates cum Comment. Ga [...]p Waseri.
  • Godw. Rerum Anglic. Annales. De Praesul. Ang. Comment.
  • Grocins De relig. Christ. & ejus Epist.
  • Grynaei Epist.
  • Gua [...] vi [...]a Pinelli.
  • Lil. Gyrald. De Po [...]t. Histor.
H
  • ELias Hasenmulerus Hist. Ord. Ie­suit.
  • Helvici Chronol. Systema. Controvers. Theol. & Chronol. quae Chri­stiano cum Iudaeis intercedunt.
  • Hentzneri Itinerarium Germaniae, Ang. Gal. Ital.
  • Herald. Animadvers. ad Arnob.
  • Hieron. de Script. Eccles.
  • Hortensii dissertat. de stud. Matth.
  • Animadvers. Hottomani Ad Ius Att. & Rom. Salmas.
  • Humfredi vita Iuelli.
I
  • LUdovicus Jacobus De Claris Scripto­ribus Gabiolonensibus.
  • Illyr. Catal. Test. verit.
  • Paul. Jov. Elog. Doctorum virorum.
  • Francisci Junii Academia.
L
  • L LAnsii Orat.
  • Leand. Albert. Descript. Ital.
  • Lectius de vita Sadeelis.
  • Leland. Comment. in Cyg. Cant. & Coll [...] ­ctan. de vir. Illust.
  • Samuel Lukener of the Universities.
  • Geor. Lil. Anglorum Reg. Chronicon.
  • Lipf. Epist. Lovanium & Not. ad Lib. Polit.
  • Longolii Epist. & vita.
M
  • PAul. Manutii Epist.
  • Papyrii Massonii Elogiae.
  • Meibomii Moecenas.
  • Jos. Merceri Notae in Tacitum.
  • Merulae Cosmog.
  • Meursii Athenae Bat.
  • Jac. Middendorpius De Academiis.
  • Auberti Miraei Elogia.
  • Montac. Apparat. & Antidiat.
  • Arias Montan. Praef. in sacr. Bibl.
  • Peter du Moulin Anatomie de la M [...]sso.
N
  • NAudaeus De studio Militari.
  • Ad vis pour dresser uxe Bibliotheque.
  • Neand. Geog.
  • Jani Nicii Erythraei Pinacotheca Imagi­num [Page] Illustriam Doctrinae vel ingenii laude virorum.
  • Nomenclator Sanctae Rom. Eccl. Cardinal.
O
  • OLymp. Fulv. Mor. Epist.
  • Onuphrius Panvinius de vitis Pon­tificum.
P
  • PAntaleon De viris Illust. Germ.
  • Math. Par. Hist. Ang.
  • Paschasii Icones & R [...]cherches de la France
  • Pena De usu Optices.
  • Suffridus Petrus De Scriptoribus Frisiae.
  • Pezel. Mellific. Hist.
  • Photii Histor. Biblioth.
  • Pignor. Symbol. Epist.
  • Platina De vitis Pontificum Romanerum.
  • Mounsieur Plessis Memoires.
  • Pocock. Not. Miscel. in Port. Mos.
  • D [...]liciae Poetarum.
  • Polani Orat.
  • Politiani Epist. & opera Miscellanca.
  • Possev. Apparatus & Bibliotheca selecta.
Q
  • QUintil. Institut. Orat.
R
  • RAmi Scholae Mathem. Epist. Orat. & Praefat.
  • Laurent. Rhod. Orat. de Lingua Graeca.
  • Joachimus Fortius Ringelbergius De ra­tione studii.
  • Angeli Rocchae Bibliotheca vaticana Romae.
S
  • SAdolet. Epist.
  • Scaev. Sammarth. Elog. Gall. doct. illust.
  • Savil. Not. in Chrysost. & Lect. in Euclid.
  • Anton. Sanderus De Script. Fland. De Gandav. & Burg. Erudit. Claris.
  • Julii & Josephi Scalig. Epist.
  • Jul. Scal. Hypercritica, & Jo. Scal. De emen­dat. Temp.
  • Bernardinus Scardeonius De Clar. Med. & Philos. Patav.
  • Schickardi Beckinath. Happeruschin.
  • Scultetus de curriculo vitae.
  • Seldenus De Syned. vet. Ebr. De Diis Syru Syntegma.
  • [...]ixt. Senens. Biblioth. Sanct.
  • Jodoc. Sincer. Itin. Gal.
  • Sleid. Comment.
  • Henr. Steph. De Lipsii Latinitate.
  • Famiani Stradae Prolus. Hist.
  • Franc Swertii Athenae Belgicae.
T
  • THeatre Des Antiquites du Paris.
  • Thevet Vies Des hommes Illustres.
  • Thuani Historia.
  • Tomasini Illust. vir. Elogia.
  • Trithem De Script. Eccles. & Catal. Illust. Vir.
  • Turnebi Adversaria.
  • Briani Twyni Antiq. Acad. Oxon. Apol.
V
  • JAcobi Vaget Period. Reg. Turc.
  • Pier Valerianus De Literatorum infoeli­citate.
  • Valeri Andreae Bibliotheca Belgica.
  • Vedel. Exe [...]cit. in Epist. Ignat.
  • Antoine du Verdier Bibliotheque.
  • Polyd. Verg. De invent. rerum.
  • Jacob. Verheideni Effigies & Elog. Theol. qui Antichristum praecipuè oppugnarunt.
  • Volat. Comment. Vrb.
  • Vitae Profes. Gron.
  • Ludo. Viv. De corrupt. Art. & Trad. Disc.
  • Voet. Biblioth. Studios Theol.
  • Ger. Jo. Vossius De Arte Grammatica.
    • De Arte Historica.
    • De Discip. Mathem.
    • De Histor. Graec. & Lat.
    • De Orig. & Progres. Idol.
    • De Poetis Graec. & Lat.
    • De vitiis Sermonis.
  • Usserii Annal. De Britan. Eccles. Primord. & de Edit. LXX. Interp.
W
  • IS. Wake Rex Platon.
  • Wakefield Orat. de laude & util. trium Linguarum.
  • Walaei Opera.
  • Whear. Method. Leg. Hist.
  • Wolfii Lect. Memorab.
  • Olai Wormii Literatura Danica.
    • Musaeum Wormianum.
    • Joan à Wower Epist. & de Polymathia Tractatus.
Z
  • ZAnch. De Divinat. & Epist.
FINIS.

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