THere are 36 Acts ſtitched together on the ſame Roll of Parliament, amongſt which the Phyſicians Act is to be found. 26 Of theſe were ſigned at the bottom of each Act, Reſponſ. Regis, Le Roy le veult; The other 10 (whoſe titles are as follow) were ſtitched to the former 26 in order as they are under-written. At the bottom of which (upon the ſame Roll) you may find the foregoing Commiſſion which was exemplified with the Phyſicians Act and Patent at the requeſt of the College of Phyſicians.

IN moſt humble wiſe ſheweth unto your Majeſty, your true and faithfull ſubjects and liege men, the Preſident of the Corporation of the Comminalty and fellowſhip of the Science and faculty of Phyſick in your City of London, and the Commons of the Fellows Priviledges granted to Phyſicians in London. of the ſame, that whereas divers of them many times having in cure, as well ſome of the Lords of your moſt honourable Councill, and divers times many of the Nobility of this Realm, as many other your faithfull and liege People, cannot give their due attendance to them and other their Patients with ſuch diligence as their duty were and is to doe, by reaſon they be many times compelled, as well within the City of London, and ſuburbs of the ſame, as in other Towns and Villages, to keep Watch and Ward, and be choſen to the Office of Conſtable, and other Offices within the ſaid City and ſuburbs of the ſame, as in other places within this your Realm, to their great fatigation and unquieting, and to the peril of their Patients, by reaſon they cannot be conveniently attended: It may therefore pleaſe your moſt Excellent Majeſty, with the aſſent of your Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and the Commons in this preſent Parliament aſſembled, and by authority of the ſame, to enact, ordain, and eſtabliſh, That the ſaid Preſident of the Comminalty and fellowſhip for the time being, and the Commons and Fellows of the ſame, and every Fellow thereof that now be, or that at any time hereafter ſhall be their Succeſſors, and the Succeſſors of every of them, at all time and times after the making of this preſent Act, ſhall be diſcharged to keep any Watch The Phyſicians in London ſhall be diſcharged to bear certain Offices there. and Ward in your ſaid City of London, or the ſuburbs of the ſame, or any part thereof; and that they or any of them ſhall not be choſen Conſtable, or any other Office in the ſaid City or ſuburbs. And that if any time hereafter the ſaid Preſident for the time being, or any of the ſaid Commons or Fellows for the time being, by any ways or means be appointed or elected to any Watch or Ward, Office of Conſtable, or any other Office within the ſaid City or ſuburbs, the ſame appointment or election to be utterly void and of none effect; any order, cuſtom, or Law to the contrary before this time uſed in the ſaid City notwithſtanding.

2. And that it may pleaſe your moſt Royal Majeſty by the authority aforeſaid, that it may be further enacted, ordained and eſtabliſhed, for the common wealth and ſurety of your loving ſubjects of this your Realm, in and for the adminiſtration of medicines to ſuch your ſaid ſubjects as ſhall have need of the ſame, that from henceforth the ſaid Preſident for the time being, Commons and Fellows, and their Succeſſors, may yearly, at ſuch time as they ſhall think moſt meet and convenient for the ſame, elect and chuſe four Perſons of the ſaid Commons and Four Phyſicians ſhall be choſen yearly to ſearch Apothecary-wares in London. Fellows, of the beſt learned, wiſeſt and moſt diſcréet, ſuch as they ſhall think convenient, and have experience in the ſaid faculty of Phyſick: And that the ſaid four perſons ſo elected and choſen, after a corporal oath to them miniſtred by the ſaid Preſident, or his Deputy, ſhall and may, by virtue of this preſent Act, have full authority and power, as often as they ſhall think méet and convenient, to enter into the houſe or houſes of all and every Apothecary, now or any time hereafter uſing the myſtery or craft of Apothecary within the ſaid City, onely to ſearch, view, and ſée ſuch Apothecary-wares, drugs and ſtuffs, as the Apothecaries, or any of them have, or at any time hereafter ſhall have in their houſe or houſes: And all ſuch wares, drugs and ſtuffs, as the ſaid four perſons ſhall then find defective, corrupted and not méet nor convenient to be miniſtred in any Medicines for the health of man's body, the ſame four Perſons calling to them the Wardens of the ſaid myſtery of Apothecaries within the ſaid City for that time being, or one of them ſhall cauſe to be brent, or otherwiſe deſtroy the ſame, as they ſhall think méet by their diſcretion. And if the ſaid Apothecaries or any of them, at any time hereafter, do obſtinately or willingly refuſe or deny the ſaid four perſons yearly elected and choſen, as is beforeſaid, to enter into their ſaid houſe or houſes for the cauſes, intent and purpoſe before rehearſed; That then they and every of them ſo offending contrary to The forfeiture of an Apothecary that refuſeth to have his houſe ſearched. this Act, for every time that he or they do ſo offend, to forfeit C. s. the one half to your Majeſty, and the other half to him that will ſue for the ſame by Action of debt, bill, plaint, or information, in any of the King's Courts, wherein no wager of Law, eſſoin, or Stat. 1 M. 9. protection ſhall be allowed: And if the ſaid four perſons or any of them ſo elected and choſen as before is ſaid, do refuſe to be ſworn, or after his ſaid oath to him or them adminiſtred, do obſtinately refuſe to The forfeiture of ſuch as being elect refuſe to be ſworn or to make ſearch. make the ſaid ſearch and view once in the year at ſuch time as they ſhall think moſt convenient by their diſcretions, having no lawfull impediment by ſickneſs or otherwiſe to the contrary; That then for every ſuch wilful and obſtinate default every of the ſaid four perſons making default to forfeit fourty ſhillings.

3. And foraſmuch as the ſcience of Phyſick doth comprehend, include and contain the knowledge of Surgery, as a ſpecial member and part of the ſame, Therefore be it enacted, That any of the ſaid Company or Fellowſhip of Phyſicians, being able, choſen Any of the Phyſicians in London may practiſe Surgery. and admitted by the ſaid Preſident and Fellowſhip of Phyſicians, may from time to time, as well within the City of London, as elſewhere within this Realm, practiſe and exerciſe the ſaid ſcience of Phyſick in all and every his members and parts; any Act, Statute or Proviſion made to the contrary notwithſtanding.

WHERE in the Parliament holden at Weſtminſter, in the third yeare of the King's Any perſon being no common Surgeon may miniſter outward Medicines. moſt gracious Reign, amongſt other things, for the avoiding of Sorceries, Witchcrafts and other inconveniencies, it was enacted, That no perſon within the City of London, nor within ſeven miles of the ſame, ſhould take upon him to exerciſe and occupy as Phyſician or Surgeon, except he be firſt examined, approved and admitted by the Biſhop of London and other, under and upon certain pains and penalties in the ſame Act mentioned: Sithence the making of which ſaid Act, the Company By what means the Surgeons of London have abuſed the Statute of 3 H. 8. 11. for their own gain. and Fellowſhip of Surgeons of London, minding onely their owne lucres, and nothing the profit or eaſe of the diſeaſed or Patient, have ſued, troubled and vexed divers honeſt perſons, as well men as women, whom God hath endued with the knowledge of the nature, kind and operation of certain Herbs, Roots and Waters, and the uſing and miniſtring of them, to ſuch as béen pained with cuſtomable diſeaſes, as Womens Breaſts being ſore, a Pin and the Web in the Eye, Vncomes of hands, Scaldings, Burnings, Sore mouths, the Stone, Strangury, Saucelim and Morphew, and ſuch other like diſeaſes: And yet the ſaid perſons have not taken any thing for their pains or cunning, but have miniſtred the ſame to poor people onely for neighbourhood and God's ſake, and of pity and charity. And it is now well known, that the Surgeons admitted will do no Cure to any Perſon, but where they ſhall know to be rewarded with a greater Sum or reward then the Cure extendeth unto; for in caſe they would miniſter their cunning unto ſore people unrewarded, there ſhould not ſo many rot and periſh to death for lack of help of Surgery as dayly do: but the greater part of Surgeons admitted, béen much more to be blamed then thoſe perſons that they trouble.

2. For although the moſt part of the perſons of the ſaid Craft of Surgeons have ſmall cunning, yet they will take great ſums of money, and do little therefore, and by reaſon thereof they do oftentimes impair and hurt their Patients, rather then do them good. In conſideration whereof, and for the eaſe, comfort, ſuccour, help, relief and health of the King's poor Subjects, inhabitants of this his Realm, now pained or diſeaſed, or that hereafter ſhall be pained or diſeaſed;

3. Be it ordained, eſtabliſhed and enacted by the authority of this preſent Parliament, That at all It ſhall be lawfull for any perſon to cure outward ſores notwithſtanding the Statute of 3 H. 8. 11. time from henceforth it ſhall be lawfull to every perſon being the King's ſubject, having knowledge and experience of the nature of Herbs, Roots and Waters, or of the operation of the ſame, by ſpeculation or practice within any part of the Realm of England, or within any other the King's dominions, to practiſe, uſe and miniſter in and to any outward ſore, uncome, wound, apoſtemations, outward swelling or diſeaſe, any herb or herbs, oyntments, baths, pultes and emplaiſters, according to their cunning, experience and knowledge in any of the diſeaſes, ſores and maladies beforeſaid, and all other like to the ſame, or drinks for the Stone and Strangury, or Agues, without ſuit, vexation, trouble, penalty, or loſs of their goods, the foreſaid Statute in the foreſaid third year of the King's moſt gracious Reign, or any other Act, Ordinance or Statute to the contrary hereof made, in any wiſe notwithſtanding.

CHARLES THE SECOND by the grace of God King of England Scotland Fraunce and Ireland defender of the faith, &c. To all to whom theiſe preſents ſhall come greeting. WHEREAS our moſt noble and renowned Predeceſſor King Henry the eighth late King of this our Realme of England in his princely wiſdom deepely conſidering and by the example of forreigne well governed States and Kingdomes truly underſtanding how profitable beneficiall and acceptable it would be unto the whole Bodie of this Kingdome of England to reſtrayne and ſuppreſſe all ſuch perſons as would take upon themſelves to be practiſers in the facultie of Phyſicke being illiterate and altogether unskilfull in that facultie rather propounding unto themſelves theire private gaine with the detriment of his Majeſties ſubjects than to give relief in time of neceſſity And likewiſe duely conſidering that by the rejecting of thoſe illiterate and unskilfull practizers thoſe that were learned grave and profound practiſers in that facultie And alſoe the induſtrious Students of that profeſſion would bee the better incouraged and inabled in theire ſtudies and endeavours: For which and many other weightie motives cauſes and conſiderations our ſaid Royall and Princely Predeceſſor King Henry the Grant of H. 8. eighth by his Letters Patents bearing date at Weſtminſter the three and twentieth day of September in the tenth yeare of his Raigne of his eſpeciall grace and princely favour did erect found and eſtabliſhe a Colledge Comonaltie or Incorporation of Phyſitians in the Cittie and Suburbs of London and for ſeaven miles every way in diſtanee from the ſame to bee remayne and have exiſtence for ever. And by the ſame Letters Patents our aforeſaid noble Predeceſſor did further give and graunt unto John Chambre Thomas Linacre Ferdinando de Victoria Nicholas Halſewell John Francis and Robert Yaxley then learned diſcreet and profound practiſers in the ſaid facultie of Phyſick in the aforeſaid Cittie of London that they and all of the ſaid facultie of Phyſick of and in the aforeſaid Cittie of London ſhould for ever from thenceforth bee in name and deed One body Comonaltie and Colledge. AND further by the ſame Letters Patents did give and graunt unto the ſaid Colledge and Comonaltie full power abilitie and authoritie for ever annually to elect and make one Power to chooſe a Preſident. of the ſaid Colledge or Comonaltie to bee Preſident of the ſaid Colledge Corporation and Comonaltie And that the ſame Preſident ſoe elected and made and the ſaid Colledge and Comonaltie ſhould Perpetual ſucceſſion. A Common Seal. have perpetuall ſucceſſion and a Common Seale for the behoofe and benefitt of the ſaid Preſident Colledge and Comonaltie and their Succeſſors for ever. And alſoe by the ſaid Letters Patents did further give and graunt unto the ſaid Preſident Colledge and Comonaltie and their Succeſſors divers and ſundry other liberties priviledges immunities power abilitie and authoritie not onely to and for the benefitt Several Priviledges. advantage and comodity of the aforeſaid Preſident Colledge and Comonaltie and theire Succeſſors but alſoe for the more certaine and eaſier diſcovery ſpeedy reſtraint and certaine repreſſing of the before mentioned unskilfull and illiterate practizers in the facultie of Phyſick aforeſaid as by the ſame Letters Patents Letters Patents, &c. remayneing of Record amongſt other things therein conteyned more plainely and fully it doth and may appeare. WHICH ſaid Letters Patents and all and every Grant Article and other thing conteyned and ſpecified in the ſame were by Act of Parliament Confirmed A o. 14 H. 8. by Act of Parliament. made in the fowerteenth yeare of the Raigne of our ſaid noble Predeceſſor King Henry the Eighth approved ratified and confirmed and clearely authorized and admitted to bee good lawfull and avayleable to the ſaid Bodie Corporate and theire Succeſſors for ever And that the beſt conſtruction that might be Beſt conſtruction to be made thereof. invented ſhould be made thereof and of every part and parcell thereof for the beſt benefitt behoofe power and authority of the aforeſaid Preſident Colledge and Corporation of Phyſitians as aforeſaid. AND further by ſeverall other Acts of Parliament divers and ſundry other priviledges liberties ability power and Several other Powers given by ſeveral Acts of Parliament. authoritie are and were afterwards eſtabliſhed ordayned given and graunted to the ſaid Preſident Colledge and Corporation of Phyſitians and their Succeſſors As by the ſame ſeverall Acts of Parliament thereof made more fully and at large alſoe doth and may appeare. AND whereas nevertheleſs our Royall Preamble to the Grant of K. James. Grandfather James late King of England of ever bleſſed memory out of his great wiſdome and circumſpection perceiving that divers enormities and abuſes not then ſufficiently provided for and reformed did dayly abound and increaſe to the apparent damage of his Royall Majeſtie and of his loveing ſubjects of this Realme of England by and through the unskillfullneſs fraud and deceipt of Phyſitians Apothecaries Druggiſts and ſuch like which were then moſt likely much more to abound unleſſe tymely and feſtine remedie were duely provided and applyed for the cureing of ſoe publique a diſſeaſe. AND our ſaid Royall Grandfather gratiouſly affecting ſoe pious and charitable a worke and intending a more full and perfect reformation of the ſaid abuſes grievances and enormities in this our Realme out of his princely diſpoſition and care of repreſſing thereof att the Petition of Henry Atkins Doctor in Phyſicke then Preſident of the ſaid Colledge and of divers other learned Doctors in Phyſicke then Fellows elect or members of the ſaid Colledge or Corporation by his Letters Patents under the great Seale of England bearing date at Weſtminſter the eighth day of October in the fifteenth yeare of his Raigne over England for the honour peace and quiett of the ſaid Colledge Did Grant of K. James. give graunt ratifie allowe approve and confirme unto the ſaid then Preſident and Colledge or Comonalty Confirmation. and theire Succeſſors the ſaid Letters Patents of our ſaid noble Predeceſſor King Henry the Eighth herein before mentioned and every Article Clauſe Guift and Grant therein conteyned and not altered by the ſaid Letters Patents of our ſaid Royall Grandfather. AND further our ſaid Royall Grandfather Grant of ſeveral other Priviledges. did by his ſaid Letters Patents give and grant unto the ſaid Preſident and Colledge or Comonaltie and theire Succeſſors divers and ſundry other liberties priviledges immunities powers abilitie and authority not only to and for the benefitt advantage and comoditie of the aforeſaid Preſident and Colledge or Comonaltie and theire Succeſſors but alſoe for the more ſpeedy certaine better and eaſier diſcovery reſtraint puniſhment and repreſſing aſwell of the before mentioned unskillfull unlicenſed and illiterate practizers in the facultie of Phyſicke aforeſaid as alſoe of the ſaid fraud and deceipts of the ſaid Apothecaries and Druggiſts and other the abuſes grievances and enormities aforeſaid As in and by the ſame Letters Patents of our ſaid Royall Grandfather remayning of Record amongſt other things therein conteyned more fully and att large it doth and may appeare. AND whereas notwithſtanding all the care travaile and endeavour Preamble to this Grant. had and taken in the creating modelling and eſtabliſhing of the Conſtitution and Corporation aforeſaid and the many and greate liberties powers and priviledges thereunto given granted and confirmed by the ſaid ſeverall Letters Patents and Acts of Parliament aforeſaid And notwithſtanding the conſtant and indefatigable paines and endeavours of the Preſident and Colledge aforeſaid on all opportunities had and taken in putting the ſame in due execution to the ends aforeſaid Itt hath beene made moſt apparent and evident unto us that the number of unskillfull illiterate and unlicenſed practizers of Phyſicke in and about our ſaid Cittie of London hath of later yeares much increaſed and att preſent doe daylie multiply together with the renewed frauds abuſes and deceipts of divers Apothecaries Druggiſſs and others inhabiting in the ſame Cittie frequently exerciſed and practiſed in the making prepareing ordering and venting of Druggs and other things relateing to the ſaid facultie of Phyſicke to the greate diſhonour of this Nation and of the ſage and learned profeſſors of that facultie ſoe noble and neceſſary and to the detriment of us and our good ſubjects The chiefe cauſe or ground whereof as wee are given to underſtand ariſeth from ſome defects in the ſaid Conſtitution the Coercive and Penal Powers thereof beeing not aptly and uſefully placed and ſettled By meanes whereof ſubtil and crafty men wholly ignorant and unskilled in the facultie of Phyſicke have in defiance of authoritie dared publiquely to profeſſe and practiſe Phyſicke in our ſaid Cittie of London and by new inventions and deluſions deceived much people thereby advanceing theire private commoditie in the greate detriment of the publique and yett have evaded the juſt and condigne puniſhment provided and intended by the Charters and Acts of Parliament aforeſaid for ſuch preſumptuous Offendors. Which to prevent in the future And that a due and ſeaſonable reformation may bee had in all the premiſes and an apt proper and legall conſtitution and incorporation may be had and eſtabliſhed of grave and learned Doctors and other able and experienced practiſers of Phyſicke in and about our ſaid Cittie of London indowed with powers and priviledges convenient and requiſite for the ends aforeſaid KNOW ye That Wee of our eſpeciall The Grant. grace certaine knowledge and meere motion and att the humble Petition of Sir Edward Alſton Knight now Preſident of the ſaid Colledge or Comonaltie and of divers other learned Doctors of the ſaid Colledge or Comonalty Have willed ordeyned conſtituted declared given and graunted And by theſe preſents for us our heires and ſucceſſors doe will ordeyne conſtitute declare give and graunt unto the ſaid Preſident and Colledge or Comonalty That they from henceforth for ever hereafter ſhall bee continue and remayne by virtue of theiſe preſents One bodie Corporate Body Politique. and Politique in deede fact and name by the name of the Preſident Fellowes and Comonaltye of the Kings Colledge of Phyſitians in the Cittie of London And them and theire Succeſſors by the name of the Preſident Fellowes and Comonaltie of the Kings Colledge of Phyſitians in the Cittie of London into one Bodie Corporate and Politique in deede fact and name really and fully for us our heires and ſucceſſors Wee doe erect make ordeyne conſtitute declare and create by theiſe preſents. AND that by the ſame name they ſhall have perpetuall ſucceſſion And alſoe that they and theire ſucceſſors by the ſame Perpetual ſucceſſion. name of the Preſident Fellowes and Comonalty of the Kings Colledge of Phyſitians in the Cittie of London ſhall be and remayne at all times hereafter for ever perſons able and in Lawe capeable to have Capable to purchaſe. purchaſe receive poſſeſſe hold and enjoy any Mannors Lands Tenements Liberties Priviledges Franchiſes Iuriſdictions and Hereditaments whatſoever of what name nature qualitie kind or condition ſoever the ſame or any of them ſhall bee to them and their ſucceſſors in fee and perpetuity or otherwiſe And alſoe Goods and Chattells and all other things of what name nature quality or kinde ſoever the ſame be. And alſoe by the ſame name to give graunt demiſe alien aſſigne and diſpoſe the ſaid Mannors Lands Tenements To grant and diſpoſe. and Hereditaments Goods and Chattells And alſoe to doe and execute all other things lawfull neceſſary and convenient for the common profitt of the ſaid Colledge. And alſoe by the ſame name of the Preſident Fellowes and Comonalty of the Kings Colledge of Phyſitians in the Cittie of London They ſhall and may for ever hereafter pleade and To ſue and be ſued. be impleaded anſwere and be anſwered unto defend and be defended in all and whatſoever Courts and places and before whatſoever Iudges and Iuſtices and other Perſons and Officers of us our heires and ſucceſſors in all and ſingular Actions pleas ſuites quarrells cauſes matters and demaunds whatſoever of what name nature qualitie or kind ſoever the ſame are or ſhalbee in the ſame manner and forme as any other ſubjects of this our Kingdome of England being perſons able and capeable in Law or any other body Corporate or Politique within this our Kingdome may or can have purchaſe receive poſſeſſe give grant demiſe alien aſſigne and diſpoſe pleade and be impleaded anſwere and be anſwered unto defend and be defended doe performe or execute. And alſoe that they and their ſucceſſors ſhall and may for ever hereafter have a Common Seale to ſerve and uſe for all Common Seal. cauſes matters things and affaires whatſoever of them and theire ſucceſſors which ſhall alwayes bee and remayne in the cuſtody and keeping of the Preſident of the ſaid Colledge of Phyſitians for the tyme being. And that it ſhall and may bee lawfull to and for the Preſident and Fellowes of the ſame Colledge or the major part of them for the tyme being to breake alter change or make new the ſaid Seale from tyme to tyme att theire wills and pleaſures and as to them ſhall ſéeme requiſite and fitt. AND alſoe from tyme to tyme and att all tymes hereafter to uſe and diſpoſe of the Common Seale of the ſaid Colledge for the time being in and about all things matters and affaires whatſoever of or concerning the ſame Colledge and Corporation in ſuch manner as to them ſhall ſeeme fitt and requiſite. AND for the better order rule and governement of the ſaid Colledge and Corporation and the matters and things thereof and the due and orderly correcting and puniſhing of all offences and offenders within the power and juriſdiction of the ſame Colledge and Corporation WEE doe by theiſe preſents for us our heires and ſucceſſors will ordeyne conſtitute declare and graunt that there bee and for ever hereafter ſhalbee forty Fellowes of the ſaid Colledge and Corporation hereby conſtituted And Forty fellows conſtituted. that thereof att preſent and for ever hereafter there bee one Preſident Tenn Elects and fower Cenſors One Preſident, Ten Elects and four Cenſors. duely appointed nominated and choſen to bee and ſhall bee reſpectively Preſident Elects and Cenſors of the ſame Colledge and Corporation And all the ſame Fellowes Preſident Elects and Cenſors reſpectively to bée and ſhalbée from tyme to tyme nominated elected and choſen and have being and continuance as ſuch reſpectively in manner and forme and to all intents and purpoſes as in and by theiſe preſents is hereafter mentioned and declared. AND further To be choſen as hereafter mentioned. The firſt forty Fellows. We doe by theiſe preſents for us our heires and ſucceſſors will ordeyne conſtitute and appoint Sir Edward Alſton Knight Sir Francis Prujean Knight Baldwyn Hamey Francis Gliſſon Peter Salmon George Ent George Bate Alexander Frazier William Stane John Micklethwait Nathan Pagett Jonathan Goddard Edmond Trench John King Thomas Cox Henry Stanley Daniell Whiſtler Charles Scarburgh Thomas Wharton Chriſtopher Merrett Samuell Collins Luke Rugeley John Wilby Sir William Pettie Knight Chriſtopher Terne Sir John Baber Knight John Hale Edward Greaves Thomas Croydon Gabriell Beauvoir Thomas Wolfe Martin Luellin Sir John Finch Knight Thomas Baynes William Quarterman James Hide Humfry Whitmore Robert Waller Peter Barwicke and Robert Morriſon Doctors in Phyſicke the firſt and preſent Fellowes of the ſame Colledge and Corporation And to bée and continue Fellowes of the ſame Colledge and Corporation and to hold exerciſe and enjoy the office or place of Fellowes of and in the ſame Colledge and Corporation reſpectively for and dureing theire ſeverall and reſpective naturall For life if not removed for cauſe. lives unleſſe in the meane tyme for evill governement or misbehaving themſelves in the ſame office or place or for Nonreſidence (otherwiſe than while they or any of them reſpectively ſhalbee or continue in the ſervice of us our heires or ſucceſſors) without Licence under the Seale of the Colledge and Corporation aforeſaid or under the Privy Seale of us our heires or ſucceſſors or for any the like reaſonable cauſe they or any of them reſpectively ſhalbee removed. AND Wee doe by theiſe preſents for us our heires and ſucceſſors will ordaine conſtitute and appoint the ſaid Sir Edward Alſton Knight the firſt and preſent Preſident Sir Edward Alſton to be the firſt Preſident. of the ſame Colledge and Corporation And to bee and continue Preſident of the ſame Colledge and Corporation and to hold exerciſe and enjoy the ſame office or place of Preſident of and in the ſame Colledge and Corporation from the makeing hereof untill the morrowe of the feaſt of Saint Michaell the Archangell next enſueing the date hereof and from thenceforth untill another Preſident ſhall bee in due manner elected and ſworne according to the tenor true intent and meaning of theiſe preſents. AND Wee doe further by theiſe preſents for us our heires and ſucceſſors will ordeyne conſtitute and appoint the ſaid Sir Edward Alſton Sir Francis Prujean Baldwyn Ten firſt Elects. Hamey Francis Gliſſon George Ent George Bate Alexander Frazier William Stane John Micklethwaite and Nathan Pagett to bee the firſt and preſent Elects of the ſame Colledge and Corporation and to be and continue Elects of the ſame Colledge or Corporation and to hold exerciſe and enjoy the office or place of Elects of the ſame Colledge and Corporation for and dureing theire ſeverall and reſpective naturall lives unleſſe in the meane tyme for any reaſonable For lives if, &c. cauſe as aforeſaid they or any of them ſhall bee removed. AND Wée doe by theiſe preſents will ordaine conſtitute and appoint the ſaid George Ent John Micklethwaite Daniell Whiſtler and Chriſtopher Merrett the firſt and preſent Cenſors of the ſame Colledge Four Cenſors to continue till the morrow of St. Michael. and Corporation and to bee and continue Cenſors of the ſame Colledge and Corporation and to hold exerciſe and enjoy the office or place of Cenſors of and in the ſame Colledge and Corporation untill the morrowe of the feaſt of Saint Michaell the Archangell next enſueing the date hereof and from thenceforth untill ſome other Cenſors of the ſame Colledge and Corporation ſhall bée in due manner elected and ſworne according to the tenour true intent and meaning of theiſe preſents. AND for the better ſupply and continuance of the ſaid ſeverall parts and members of the ſaid Colledge and Corporation, WEE will and by theiſe preſents for us our heires and ſucceſſors Doe ordaine and graunt that Nominations and Elections ſhall and may from tyme to tyme when and as often as occaſion ſhall require bée duely made Elections duely to be made. of the Preſident Elects Cenſors and Fellowes of the ſaid Colledge and Corporation according to the tenour true intent and meaning of theiſe preſents (that is to ſay) That all and every Preſident and Preſidents of the Colledge and Corporation aforeſaid hereafter to be nominated and choſen ſhall bée from tyme to tyme nominated and choſen onely by and out of the Elects of the ſame Colledge and Corporation for the tyme being according to the power in that behalfe hereafter given and declared And that every ſuch Preſident ſoe nominated and choſen and duely ſworne according to the contents of theiſe preſents ſhall bée and continue Preſident of the ſame Colledge and Corporation untill the morrowe of the feaſt of Saint Michaell the Archangell next enſueing ſuch his Election and from thenceforth untill ſome other of the Elects of the ſame Colledge and Corporation ſhall bée in due manner elected and ſworne in that office or place of Preſident according to the true intent and meaning of theſe preſents unleſſe he in the meane tyme for ill Governement Non-reſidency or misbehavior in the ſame office or place or any the like reaſonable cauſe ſhall be removed from ſuch his office or place whome in ſuch caſe we will ſhall bée removeable according to the tenour of theiſe preſents. And for the better effecting thereof that it ſhall and may bée lawfull to and for the Elects of the ſaid Colledge for the tyme being or any five of them whereof the Preſident of the ſame Colledge for the tyme being or in his abſence the Vice-preſident of the ſame Colledge for the tyme being to bée one On the morrowe of the feaſt day of Saint Michaell the Archangell next enſueing the date hereof or within thrée dayes after And on the morrowe of that feaſt day yearely or within thrée dayes next enſueing for ever after to aſſemble and meete together in the Common Hall of the ſaid Colledge or other convenient place within the ſaid Cittie of London and then and there to nominate elect and chooſe ſome one of the Elects of the ſame Colledge for the tyme being to bée Preſident of the ſame Colledge and Corporation for the yeare then next enſueing. Which perſon ſoe from tyme to tyme yearely to be choſen being duely ſworne according to the tenour of theiſe preſents ſhall bée and continue Preſident of the ſame Colledge and Corporation for and dureing ſuch tyme and untill ſuch further election of a new Preſident ſhall be made as aforeſaid unleſſe in the meane tyme he ſhall be removed as aforeſaid. AND FURTHER in caſe any Preſident of the ſaid Colledge ſhall happen to depart this life before the morrowe of the ſaid feaſt of Saint Michaell the Archangell next enſueing his election or in the meane tyme ſhall be putt out or removed for cauſe as aforeſaid That then and in every ſuch caſe itt ſhall and may bée lawfull to and for the Elects of the ſame Colledge for the tyme beeing or any five of them in convenient tyme after the death or removall of every ſuch Preſident to meete and aſſemble in the ſaid Common Hall or other place aforeſaid and then and there to nominate elect and chooſe ſome one of the Elects of the ſame Colledge for the tyme beeing to be Preſident of the ſame Colledge for the remainder of the yeare then in being And which ſaid Preſident ſoe choſen ſhall bée and continue Preſident of the ſame Colledge for and dureing the remainder of the ſame yeare reſpectively And untill ſuch further election of a new Preſident ſhall bée made for the yeare then next enſueing as herein is declared And that in all things according to the tenor true intent and meaning of theiſe preſents. AND WEE FURTHER will and graunt that it ſhall and may bée lawfull to and for the Preſident of the ſaid Colledge for the tyme being by writeing under his hand and ſeale from tyme to tyme at his will and pleaſure to nominate conſtitute and appoint any one of the Elects of the ſame Colledge Power to make a Vice-Preſident. for the tyme being to bée Vice-preſident of the ſame Colledge and to bée and continue in the ſame office or place of Vice-preſident dureing the pleaſure of the ſame Preſident And ſuch his Vice-preſident from tyme to tyme to amove and diſcharge and a new one againe to make of any of the ſaid Elects as aforeſaid att his will and pleaſure And that every ſuch Vice-preſident ſoe conſtituted being duely ſworne according to the contents of theiſe preſents ſhall and may from tyme to tyme in the abſence of the Preſident of the ſame To exerciſe the place and power of the Preſident in his abſence. Colledge for the tyme being have doe uſe exerciſe and enjoy all and every the powers liberties priviledges matters and things that the Preſident of the ſame Colledge for the tyme being may might ſhould or ought to have doe uſe exerciſe or enjoy by virtue of theiſe preſents or any the Charters Acts of Parliament or Graunts abovementioned. AND WEE doe further will and ordaine that the Cenſors of the ſaid Colledge ſhall from tyme to tyme be choſen out of Cenſors to be choſen out of the Fellows. the Fellowes of the ſaid Colledge in manner and forme following (that is to ſay) The Preſident and Fellowes of the Colledge aforeſaid for the tyme being How. att a Court to be holden on the morrowe of the ſaid feaſt day of Saint Michaell next enſueing the date hereof or within thrée dayes after and on the morrowe of that feaſt day or within thrée dayes next enſueing yearely for ever after ſhall and may aſſemble together in the Common Hall of the ſame Colledge or other convenient place aforeſaid and then and there nominate elect and chooſe any fower of the Fellowes of the ſame Colledge for the tyme being to bée the Cenſors of the ſame Colledge for the yeare then next enſueing which fower perſons ſoe from tyme to tyme yearely to bee choſen being duely ſworne according to the contents of theiſe preſents and every of them reſpectively ſhall bee and continue Cenſors of the ſame Colledge untill the morrowe of the feaſt of Saint Michaell next after ſuch election and further untill other Cenſors ſhall bée duely choſen and ſworne into theire reſpective places unleſſe in the meane tyme they or any of them ſhall bée removed for reaſonable cauſe. AND FURTHER in caſe the Cenſors aforeſaid from tyme New Election of Cenſors in caſe of death or removal. to tyme to bée choſen as aforeſaid or any of them ſhall happen to depart this life before the morrowe of the feaſt day of Saint Michaell the Archangell next enſueing theire or any of theire reſpective election or elections or in the meane tyme ſhall happen to be putt out or removed for cauſe as aforeſaid That then and in every ſuch caſe it ſhall and may bée lawfull to and for the ſaid Preſident and Fellowes of the ſaid Colledge att a Court to bée holden in convenient tyme after the death or removall of every or any of the ſaid Cenſors of the Colledge aforeſaid to aſſemble and meete in the Common Hall or other place aforeſaid and then and there to elect nominate and chooſe any one or more of the Fellowes of the ſame Colledge for the tyme being to be Cenſor and Cenſors of the ſame Colledge in the place and roome of ſuch Cenſor and Cenſors as ſhall be then vacant by death or removall as aforeſaid Which perſon and perſons ſo nominated and choſen being duely ſworne according to the contents of theiſe preſents ſhall bée and continue Cenſor and Cenſors of the ſame Colledge for and dureing ſuch tyme and in ſuch manner as the perſon or perſons in whoſe roome or place hée or they ſhall bée ſoe choſen ſhould or ought to have beene or continued by virtue of theiſe preſents ſubject alwayes to bée removeable for reaſonable cauſe as aforeſaid. AND WEE doe further will and ordaine That the Elects of the ſaid Colledge ſhall bée choſen out of the Fellowes of the ſame Colledge in manner and forme following (that is to ſay) In caſe of death New Elects to be choſen on death or removall. or due removall of any the Elects of the ſaid Colledge hereby conſtituted or of any the Elects of the ſaid Colledge hereafter by virtue of theiſe preſents to be elected nominated and choſen the Preſident and Elects of the ſame Colledge for the tyme beeing or any five of them whereof the Preſident for the tyme beeing to bée allwayes one from tyme to tyme and att any tyme after ſuch death or deaths removall or removalls reſpectively ſhall and may aſſemble and meete at their ſaid Common Hall or other convenient place in our ſaid Cittie of London and then and there elect nominate and chooſe any of the then Fellowes of the ſaid Colledge into the place or places of ſuch and ſoe many of the ſaid Elects as ſhall bée then voyd by death or removall as aforeſaid. Which perſons ſoe to bée choſen being duely ſworne according to the tenour of theiſe preſents ſhall bée and continue Elects of the ſaid Colledge dureing their reſpective lives unleſſe for reaſonable cauſe they ſhall bée removed as aforeſaid. AND WEE DOE further will and ordeyne that the Fellowes of the ſaid Colledge ſhall bée choſen out of the Comonaltie of the ſaid Colledge in manner and forme following (that is to ſay) In How the Fellows are to be choſen. caſe of death or due removall of any of the Fellowes abovementioned and hereby conſtituted or of any of the Fellowes of the ſaid Colledge hereafter by virtue of theiſe preſents to be nominated or choſen the Preſident and Fellowes of the ſame Colledge ſhall and may from tyme to tyme and att any tyme after ſuch death or deaths removall or removalls reſpectively aſſemble and meete att a Court to be holden in theire Common Hall or other convenient place as aforeſaid and then and there elect nominate and chooſe any one or more ſuch and ſoe many of the moſt learned and able perſons skilled and experienced in the ſaid facultie of Phyſicke then of the Comonalty or Members of the ſaid Colledge and Corporation to bée Fellowe and Fellowes of the ſame Colledge and Corporation in the place and places of ſuch and ſoe many of the ſaid Fellowes of the ſaid Colledge and Corporation as ſhall bée then voyd by death or removall as aforeſaid. Which perſons ſoe to be choſen beeing duely ſworne according to the tenour of theiſe preſents ſhall bée and continue Fellowes of the ſaid Colledge dureing theire reſpective lives unleſſe for reaſonable cauſe they ſhall bée removed as aforeſaid. AND WEE WILL and by theiſe preſents for us our heires and ſucceſſors doe give and graunt unto the Preſident Fellowes and Comonaltye of the Kings Colledge of Phyſitians aforeſaid and their ſucceſſors Power to remove any of the Elects, Fellows or Cenſors for cauſe. that it ſhall and may be lawfull for the Preſident and Fellowes of the ſaid Colledge att any Court or Courts to bée holden att theire Common Hall or other convenient place from tyme to tyme and as often as occaſion ſhall require to ſummon heare and admoniſh any of the ſaid Fellowes Elects and Cenſors of the ſame Colledge And for cauſe of evil Governement Non-reſidence otherwiſe then as aforeſaid without Licence under the Seale of the ſaid Colledge and Corporation or under the Privy Seale of us our heires or ſucceſſors as aforeſaid or for misbehaveing themſelves in theire reſpective places or any other juſt or reaſonable cauſe from tyme to tyme to expell and amove any of the ſame Fellowes Elects or Cenſors from his and theire reſpective place and places in the ſame Colledge And after due publication and entry made thereof in the Regiſter of the ſame Colledge and Corporation from tyme to tyme to proceede to new Elections to ſupply the place or places of ſuch perſon or perſons ſoe removed or expelled according to the proviſion above mentioned and the tenour of theiſe preſents. AND WEE WILL and hereby declare That neither the Preſident Vice-preſident Elects or Each perſon his ſingle voice in Election. Cenſors or any of them for the tyme being by colour of any double capacitie as ſuch and alſoe Fellowes of the ſaid Colledge and Corporation ſhall have or give more or other then each ſeverall and reſpective perſon his or their ſeverall and reſpective voyce in all or any Election or Elections or other matter or thing whatſoever directed or graunted or to be done or acted by virtue of theiſe preſents Except onely in ſuch caſe and caſes where the voyces ſhall happen to bée even and equall And then and in every ſuch caſe wherein the Preſident or in his abſence the Vice-preſident of the ſaid Colledge and Corporation for the tyme beeing is to bee one We will and by theiſe preſents for us our heires and ſucceſſors doe Ordeyne and Graunt that the Preſident or in his abſence the Vice-preſident of the ſaid Colledge and Corporation for the tyme being ſhall have and give a caſting voyce to the end Where voices even, a caſting voice to the Preſident. that all Elections matters and debates relateing to the ſaid Colledge and Corporation may the more eaſilie certeinely and peaceablie bee ſettled and determined. AND Wee will and further by theiſe preſents for us our heires and ſucceſſors doe Ordaine and Eſtabliſh That all and every the Fellowes and alſoe the Preſident Elects and Cenſors above named and hereby conſtituted and every of them And alſoe all and every the Fellowes Preſident or Vice-preſident Elects and Cenſors and other Officers and Miniſters whatſoever of the Colledge and Corporation aforeſaid hereafter by virtue of theiſe preſents to be nominated and elected and every of them ſhall ſeverally and reſpectively take his and their ſeverall and reſpective The Preſident and all Fellows and Officers to be ſworn duely to execute, &c. corporall Oath on the Holy Evangeliſts before the ſeverall and reſpective perſons hereby directed and impowered to adminiſter the ſame well truely and faithfully to attend and execute his and theire ſeverall and reſpective office or place in all things touching and concerning the ſame reſpectively And that from tyme to tyme before hee or they reſpectively doe Act or intermeddle therein And alſoe the ſeverall knowne Oathes of Obedience and of Supremacy before ſuch And to take the Oaths of Obedience and Supremacy. perſon and perſons as by the Lawe and Statutes of this Land now are or hereafter ſhall bée authorized or appointed to adminiſter the ſame. AND WEE DOE by theiſe preſents for us our heires and ſucceſſors give and graunt unto our truſty and well-beloved Sir Geffrey Three perſons to ſwear the preſent Preſident, Elects, Cenſors and Fellows. Palmer Knight and Baronett our Atturney Generall Sir Heneage Finch Knight and Baronett our Sollicitor Generall Sir William Wilde Knight and Baronett one of our Serjeants at Lawe and Recorder of our Cittie of London and to every or any one of them full power and authoritie to give and adminiſter unto the ſaid Sir Edward Alſton and all and every the perſons abovenamed and by theiſe preſents conſtituted the firſt and preſent Fellowes of the ſaid Colledge and Corporation his and theire ſaid corporall Oath on the Holy Evangeliſts well truely and faithfully to attend and execute his and theire ſeverall and reſpective office or place of Fellowe of the ſame Colledge and Corporation in all things touching and concerning the ſame. AND ALSOE to give and adminiſter unto the ſaid Sir Edward Alſton hereby conſtituted the firſt and preſent Preſident of the ſame Colledge and Corporation his ſaid corporall Oath on the Holy Evangeliſts well truely and faithfully to attend and execute the ſame office or place of Preſident of the ſame Colledge and Corporation in all things touching and concerning the ſame. AND ALSOE to give and adminiſter aſwell unto the tenne perſons abovenamed and hereby conſtituted the firſt and preſent Elects of the ſame Colledge and Corporation as unto the fower perſons abovenamed and hereby conſtituted the firſt and preſent Cenſors of the ſame Colledge and Corporation their ſaid ſeverall and reſpective corporall Oathes on the Holy Evangeliſts well truely and faithfully to attend and execute theire ſeverall and reſpective offices or places of Elects and Cenſors of the ſame Colledge and Corporation in all things touching and concerning the ſame reſpectively. AND Wee doe further by theiſe preſents for us our heires and ſucceſſors give and grant unto the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Comminaltie of the Kings Colledge of Phyſitians aforeſaid and theire ſucceſſors That it ſhall and may bée lawfull to and for the Elects of the Power to the Elects or any two of them to ſwear the Preſidents hereafter choſen. Colledge and Corporation aforeſaid for the tyme being and to any two of them full power and authoritie from tyme to tyme to give and adminiſter unto all and every Preſident and Preſidents of the ſame Colledge and Corporation hereafter and by virtue of theiſe preſents and according to the tenour thereof to bée nominated elected or choſen his and theire like corporall Oath and Oathes on the Holy Evangeliſts well truely and faithfully to attend and execute the ſaid office or place of Preſident of the ſame Colledge and Corporation for and dureing ſuch time and ſoe long as hée or they or any of them reſpectively ſhall bée or continue in the ſame office or place And alſoe full power and authority unto the Preſident of the ſaid Colledge for the tyme being in the preſence of the Elects of the ſame Colledge or any two of them for the tyme being from tyme to tyme as oft as occaſion ſhall require to give and adminiſter to all and every perſon and perſons whatſoever that att any tyme hereafter by virtue of theiſe preſents and according to the contents thereof ſhall be nominated elected made or choſen to be Vice-preſident Fellowe Elect or Cenſor Power to the Preſident to ſwear the Fellows and all other Officers hereafter choſen. or other Officer or Miniſter of the ſame Colledge his and theire like corporall Oath on the Holy Evangeliſts well truely and faithfully to attend and execute his and theire ſeverall and reſpective office or place into which hee or they ſhall be ſoe nominated elected made or choſen And that in all things touching and concerning the ſame reſpectively. AND for the better Governement of the ſaid Colledge and ſpeedier reforming the enormities and abuſes aforeſaid and more facile and certaine doeing and accompliſhing the things and ends intended by theiſe preſents WEE WILL and by theſe preſents for us our heires and ſucceſſors Of our more eſpeciall grace and favour Doe graunt unto the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Comonaltie of the Kings Colledge of Phyſitians in the Cittie of London and their Succeſſors That it ſhall and may bee lawfull to and for the ſaid Preſident and Fellowes of the ſame Colledge and Corporation and theire Succeſſors to have appoint reteyne and enjoy a Hall or Councill-houſe within our To have a Hall. ſaid Cittie of London or the liberties of the ſame AND that the ſaid Preſident for the tyme being and his Succeſſors ſhall and may when and as often as to him ſhall ſeeme meete and neceſſary call aſſemble and keepe within the ſame Hall or Houſe a certaine Court Preſident to call a Court. or Convocation of the ſaid Preſident and Fellowes of the ſaid Colledge and Corporation and theire Succeſſors for the tyme being or of any competent part Not leſs than 15. Preſident one of them. or number of them not leſſe then fifteene whereof the Preſident or in his abſence the Vice-preſident of the ſame Colledge for the tyme being allwayes to bée one And of every ſuch Court or Convocation ſoe to bée called and held ſhall by a knowne Officer of the ſame Colledge and Corporation give convenient notice or ſummons to the Fellowes of the ſame Colledge or Corporation for the tyme being And that in every ſuch Court or Convocation the ſaid Preſident and Fellowes and theire Succeſſors for the tyme being or the major part of them then preſent (being not leſſe in number then fifteene whereof the Preſident for the tyme being or in his abſence the Vice-preſident for the tyme being to be allwayes one) ſhall and may have full power and authoritie from tyme to tyme to doe act performe and execute all and every matter and matters thing and things by theiſe preſents appointed to bée done performed and executed by the Preſident and Fellowes of the ſaid Colledge AND ALSOE To treat of matters, &c. to Treate Conferre Conſult and Conſider of Articles Statutes Acts Ordinances and other things touching and concerning the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Comonaltie of the Colledge aforeſaid and theire Succeſſors and the good Rule State and Governement of the ſame and the Reformation and redreſſe of the abuſes miſchiefes and enormities herein before mentioned and hereby intended to be provided for and ſuppreſſed in the time to come And alſoe to Ordaine To make Laws. Conſtitute make and ſett downe in writeing ſuch ſitting wholſome and reaſonable Lawes. Acts Ordinances Orders Decrees Articles and Conſtitutions as to them ſhall ſeeme good profitable and neceſſary according to theire good diſcretions for the good Rule Order and Governement of the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Cominaltie and their Succeſſors and of all their Officers and Miniſters Goods Lands Tenements and Hereditaments And alſoe of all other practicers of Phyſicke and other the perſons aforenamed for the reformation and redreſſe of the abuſes deceipts miſdemeanours and enormities and other the premiſes herein before mentioned or expreſſed And alſoe for inflicting upon all and every Delinquent Offender and Offenders againſt all or any ſuch Lawes Acts Ordinances Orders Decrees Articles and Conſtitutions ſoe to bée made as aforeſaid or any of them ſuch reaſonable paines penalties and puniſhments by impriſonment To puniſh by fine or impriſonment. of the body or by fines and amerciaments any or all of them as to the ſaid Preſident and Fellowes and theire Succeſſors or to the Vice-preſident and Fellowes in the abſence of the Preſident or the major part of them as aforeſaid ſhall ſeeme reaſonable and fitting. To all which ſaid Lawes Acts Ordinances Orders Decrees Articles and Conſtitutions to bée made as aforeſaid Wée will and require all due obedience and obſervance under the paines and penalties therein conteyned Yett ſoe as allwayes the ſaid Lawes Acts Ordinances Orders Decrees Articles So as not repugnant to the Laws of the Kingdom. and Conſtitutions bée not repugnant but agreeable to and with the Lawes Statutes Rights and Cuſtomes of this our Kingdome of England and bée approved and confirmed according to the Statute in that behalfe made. And Wee will and by theiſe preſents for us our heires and ſucceſſors in reference and with reſpect to the ſaid Graunt of our ſaid noble Predeceſſor King Henry the Eighth And the ſaid Act of Confirmation thereof in this behalfe Doe give and graunt unto the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Comonaltie of the Colledge aforeſaid and their Succeſſors And doe hereby ordayne appoint and ſtrictly commaund That noe perſon or perſons whatſoever of what condition or qualitie ſoever hée or they bée being noe member of the ſaid Corporation nor heretofore Licenſed under the Common Seale of the ſaid Colledge of Phyſitians Doe or ſhall from henceforth uſe or exerciſe the ſaid faculty of Phyſicke within our ſaid Citties of London and Weſtminſter or None to practiſe in London or within ſeven miles, except licenſed as herein expreſſed. within ſeaven miles any wayes in circuite thereof unleſſe ſuch perſon and perſons ſhall bée firſt admitted or licenſed to doe the ſame by the Preſident and Fellowes of the ſaid Colledge for the tyme beeing Aſſembled in Court or Convocation as aforeſaid And ſuch theire Licence or Admittance be atteſted by Letters Teſtimonialls of the ſaid Preſident and Fellowes of the ſaid Colledge for the tyme being ſealed with the Common Seale of the ſame Colledge upon paine of forfeiting unto the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Comminaltie of the Colledge aforeſaid and theire Succeſſors Tenne pounds for every Moneth wherein any Under pain of 10 l. for every Month. ſuch perſon or perſons ſhall ſoe exerciſe the ſaid facultie being not admitted or licenſed thereunto as aforeſaid. And that it ſhall and may bee lawfull to and for the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Commonaltie of the Colledge aforeſaid and theire Succeſſors by the name of the Preſident Fellowes and Commonaltie of the Kings Colledge of Phyſitians in the Cittie of London in any Court or Courts of Record of us our heires or ſucceſſors at Weſtminſter or in any other of our Courts of Record within the Iuriſdiction whereof the offence aforeſaid ſhalbée committed according to the due courſe of Law to ſue for recover and Power to ſue for the ſame. have execution of and for all and every ſuch penalties forfeitures ſumme and ſummes of money as ſhall att any time hereafter accrew growe due or payable or become forfeited unto the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Commonaltie of the Colledge aforeſaid or theire Succeſſors as aforeſaid In which Actions Suite or Suites ſoe to bée brought as aforeſaid noe Eſſoyne wager of Law or protection ſhall be admitted or allowed for any Defendant or Defendants therein. AND Wée doe further by theiſe preſents of our eſpeciall grace certaine knowledge and méere motion for us our heires and ſucceſſors give and graunt unto the aforeſaid Preſident Fellowes and Comonaltie of the Colledge aforeſaid and theire Succeſſors That the Preſident and Cenſors and in the abſence of the Preſident the Vice-preſident and Cenſors of the ſame Colledge for the tyme being or any thrée of them whereof the Preſident and in his abſence the Vice-preſident for the tyme being to bee one ſhall have full power and lawfull authoritie att all tymes hereafter when and as often as to them or any three of them whereof the Preſident and in his abſence the Vice-preſident for the tyme being to bee one it ſhall ſeeme requiſite and convenient to ſuperviſe examine ſurvey Power to the Preſident, Vice-Preſident and Cenſors, or any three of them to ſuperviſe practiſers, &c. correct and puniſh all and ſingular Phyſitians and Practizers in the ſaid facultie of Phyſicke Apothecaries Druggiſts Diſtillers and Sellers of Waters or of Oyles preparers of Chymicall Medicines to bee ſold or imployed for gaine and all and every other perſon and perſons practizeing in the ſaid facultie or uſeing the Art or Myſtery of an Apothecary or the Trade or Craft of a Druggiſt Diſtiller Preparer or Seller of any Oyles Waters or Medicines for gaine as aforeſaid or that ſhall ſell or put to ſale any Stuffe Druggs Oyle Water or Medicines or other thing whatſoever uſed or to bee uſed for Medicines either ſimple or compounded at or in any place or places within our ſaid Citties of London and Weſtminſter or Suburbs thereof or within ſeaven miles of the ſame by Fines Amerciaments and Impriſonments and by other lawfull wayes and meanes or any of them according as the nature and qualitie of his and theire offence or offences in the premiſes ſhall deſerve or require. AND WEE DOE further of our like eſpeciall grace certaine knowledge and meere motion for us our heires and ſucceſſors give and grant unto the aforeſaid Preſident Fellowes and Comonalty of the ſaid Colledge and theire Succeſſors And We doe by theiſe preſents declare our will and pleaſure to bée that the ſaid Preſident and Cenſors and in the abſence of the Preſident the Vice-preſident and Cenſors of the ſame Colledge for the tyme being or any thrée of them whereof the ſaid Preſident or in his abſence the Vice-preſident for the tyme being to bée one for ever hereafter Power in them to ſummon, cenſure and puniſh any Practiſers offending. when and as often as to them or any thrée of them (whereof the Preſident or in his abſence the Vice-preſident for the tyme being to bee one) ſhall ſeeme meete and convenient ſhall have full power and authoritie to ſend for ſummon convent and cauſe to appeare and come before them the ſaid Preſident Vice-preſident and Cenſors or any three of them for the tyme being (whereof the Preſident or in his abſence the Vice-preſident to bee one) all and every Phyſitian and Phyſitians Practizer and Practizers in the ſaid facultie of Phyſicke within the aforeſaid Cittie and Suburbs of London or within ſeaven miles thereof at ſuch tyme and places as by the ſaid Preſident and Cenſors or Vice-preſident and Cenſors or any three of them for the tyme being (whereof the Preſident or in his abſence the Vice-preſident to bee one) ſhalbee reaſonably prefixed and appointed and to examine them concerning theire skill or practice To examine. of and in the ſaid faculty of Phyſicke and theire manner of practice therein. And if any Phyſitian or Practizer in the ſame facultie of Phyſicke upon reaſonable ſummons and garniſhment to be made and given in that behalfe ſhall make default and not appeare before the ſaid Preſident and Cenſors or Vice-preſident and Cenſors or any three of them for the time being as aforeſaid haveing noe reaſonable cauſe to the contrary att ſuch tyme and place as by them or any three of them as aforeſaid ſhalbee reaſonably limitted or appointed Or ſhall refuſe to anſwere or be Refuſe to anſwer. examined as aforeſaid That then and ſoe often the ſaid Preſident and Cenſors and in the abſence of the Preſident the Vice-preſident and Cenſors or any thrée of them for the tyme being (whereof the Preſident or in his abſence the Vice-preſident to bee one) ſhall and may lawfully Aſſeſſe and impoſe a reaſonable penaltie Fine or Amerciament upon every or any ſuch Delinquent or Offender for every ſeverall default of appearance made upon ſeverall Summons haveing noe reaſonable cauſe for his excuſe to bée made appeare to the ſaid Preſident or Vice-preſident and Cenſors or any thrée of them as aforeſaid and for every ſeverall refuſall to anſwere or to bée examined as aforeſaid att one or more ſeverall tyme or tymes upon one or more ſeverall appearance or appearances made or to bee made Soe as the ſame Penaltie Fine or Amerciament ſoe to bee impoſed for any one default of appearance or refuſall to anſweare or be examined as aforeſaid doe not att any tyme exceed the ſumme of fortie ſhillings of Currant Engliſh money. And if Not to exceed 40 s. any perſon or perſons ſoe ſummoned or warned as aforeſaid doe make his or theire perſonall appearance before the ſaid Preſident and Cenſors and in the abſence of the Preſident before the Vice-preſident and Cenſors or any three of them for the tyme being (whereof the Preſident or in his abſence the Vice-preſident to bee one) att ſuch reſpective tyme and place as in that behalfe ſhalbee limitted or appointed as aforeſaid And if it ſhall then and there appeare unto the ſaid Preſident or Cenſors or Vice-preſident and Cenſors in the abſence of the Preſident or any three of them for the tyme being (whereof the ſaid Preſident or in his abſence the Vice-preſident to bee one) that any ſuch perſon or perſons ſoe makeing his or theire appearance hath att any tyme miniſtred or preſcribed any noyſome unwholſome or unfitt medicine or phyſicke unto any perſon or perſons within the limitts aforeſaid Then and in every ſuch caſe the ſaid Preſident and Cenſors or Vice-preſident and Cenſors in the abſence of the Preſident or any three of them for the tyme being (whereof the ſaid Preſident or in his abſence the Vice-preſident to bee one) ſhall and may from tyme to tyme puniſh every ſuch delinquent Power to fine for giving unwholſome Phyſick at will, not exceeding 10 l. or offender by reaſonable Amerciament Fine or Impriſonment according to theire diſcretions to bee by them impoſed as aforeſaid ſoe as any ſuch fine doe not exceede the ſumme of Tenne pounds of lawfull money of England And ſoe as the Impriſonment Alſo to impriſon, not exceeding 14 dayes. for ſuch offence exceede not the ſpace of fowerteene dayes unleſſe it ſhall bee for non-payment of ſuch fine for which it ſhall be lawfull to deteyne ſuch Offender in priſon untill the ſame fine bee ſatisfyed. And to the end that the ſaid Offenders in the premiſes may bee the better knowne and diſcovered and may bee for theire ſaid miſdemeanors and offences duely and condignely puniſht according to the meritts of their ſaid offences, WEE doe therefore of our more abundant grace certaine knowledge and meere motion for us our heires and ſucceſſors give and graunt unto the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Cominalty of the ſaid Colledge and Corporation and theire Succeſſors full power and lawfull authoritie That it ſhall and may be lawfull to and for the ſaid Preſident and Cenſors or Vice-preſident and Cenſors (in the abſence of the Preſident of the ſame Colledge for the tyme being) or any three of them (whereof the Preſident or in his abſence the Vice-preſident to bee one) by any precept or proceſſe to be made under their reſpective Power to ſummon perſons by Precept, under hand and Seal. hands and ſeales to ſummon and warne any perſon or perſons whatſoever whom they ſhall know or think meete in or about miniſtring of any Phyſicke or Medicines or attendant or ſervant upon any that ſhall have received Phyſicke or Medicines upon payment or tender to them and every of them of theire reaſonable charges in that behalfe to declare teſtify or prove againſt any ſuch Delinquent or Offender in the premiſes his or their miſdemeanors or offences upon reaſonable ſummons and warning to appeare and come before the ſaid Preſident and Cenſors or any three of them to be examined touching his or theire knowledge of the ſaid Offenders and their miſdemeanours and offences in the premiſes. And upon his or theire appearance made as aforeſaid to adminiſter and give to him or them ſoe to bee produced to teſtify as aforeſaid an Oath or Oathes and him or them to To give an Oath. ſweare upon the Holy Evangeliſts to teſtify and declare the truth of his and their knowledge concerning the ſaid Offenders in the premiſes and theire ſaid miſdemeanors and offences or otherwiſe to examine him or them without Oath as they ſhall think fitt. And that if any ſuch perſon or perſons as ſhalbee thought fitt as aforeſaid to declare and teſtify concerning the ſaid offences upon reaſonable ſummons and warneing given as aforeſaid and upon tender of his and theire reaſonable charges as aforeſaid ſhall willfully make default and ſhall not accordingly appeare The perſon ſummoned as a Witneſs to forfeit 20 s. if not appear, or not depoſe, or refuſe the Oath, &c. before the ſaid Preſident and Cenſors or any thrée of them (whereof the Preſident or in his abſence the Vice-preſident to bée one) or if hée or they ſhall appeare and yett nevertheleſs ſhall refuſe either to take ſuch Oath or Oathes as ſhall bee then offered or tendred unto him or them as aforeſaid or otherwiſe ſhall refuſe to bee examined without Oath or ſhall refuſe to make anſwere to ſuch queſtions as ſhalbee then asked or demaunded of him or them by the ſaid Preſident and Cenſors or Vice-preſident and Cenſors in the abſence of the Preſident of the ſame Colledge for the tyme being or any thrée of them (whereof the Preſident or in his abſence the Vice-preſident to bée one) concerning his or theire knowledge touching the ſaid offences and miſdemeanours or any of them or any other matter or thing concerning the ſame or the diſcovery thereof Then every ſuch perſon and perſons ſhall for every ſuch default or refuſall as aforeſaid forfeit and pay to the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Cominaltie of the ſaid Colledge and Corporation and theire Succeſſors the ſumme of twentie ſhillings of lawfull Engliſh money. AND WEE DOE further of our eſpeciall grace certeine knowledge and meere motion for us our heires and ſucceſſors give and graunt unto the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Cominalty of the ſaid Colledge and Corporation and theire Succeſſors That the ſaid Cenſors or any thrée of them for the tyme being ſhall and may have free full and abſolute power and lawfull authority att all tyme and tymes when and as often as to them as aforeſaid ſhall ſeeme meete and convenient att fitt and ſeaſonable tymes of the day to enter into the Houſe Shopp Cellar Vault Workhouſe or Warehouſe Power to the Cenſors to enter houſes and ſearch. or any other the roome or roomes of the houſe or houſes of any Apothecary Druggiſt Diſtiller of Waters Oyles or other Compoſitions for the ends aforeſaid or of any other perſon or perſons that now doth or hereafter ſhall putt or ſett to ſale any Medicine Druggs Waters Oyles or Stuffe uſed or to be uſed for Medicines within the aforeſaid Citties or Suburbs of London and Weſtminſter or within ſeaven miles thereof And then and there to ſearch viewe trye examine and ſee the ſaid Medicines Wares Druggs Waters Oyles Medicines and Stuffes of ſuch Apothecaries Druggiſts Diſtillers Preparers or Sellers of Waters Oyles or Medicines or other perſon or perſons as aforeſaid and to examine them upon Oath To examine upon Oath. or without Oath as they ſhall think beſt concerning the Receipts and Compoſitions thereof And all ſuch Medicines Wares Druggs Waters Oyles and Stuffe as the ſaid Cenſors or any thrée of them as aforeſaid ſhall find to be defective corrupted or not meete or convenient to be miniſtred or uſed in Medicine for the To burn or deſtroy ſuch Medicines, &c. as they find defective or corrupted. health of mans body they the ſaid Cenſors or any thrée of them ſhall or may take burne or otherwiſe deſtroy the ſame or cauſe to bée taken burned or otherwiſe deſtroyed according to their diſcretions. AND in caſe any oppoſition or denyall ſhalbée made ſoe that by occaſion thereof ſuch entry ſearch and examination as is aforeſaid cannot be made according to the true intent and meaning of theiſe preſents That then and ſoe often and in every ſuch caſe every perſon and perſons ſoe oppoſeing or denying and occaſioning the ſame ſhall for every ſuch offence forfeit and pay unto the Preſident Fellowes and Comonalty of the Colledge and Corporation aforeſaid and theire Succeſſors the ſumme of forty ſhillings of lawfull money of England to bée had and recovered by leavy and ſale of the goods of the perſon and perſons ſoe offending or impriſonment of his or theire perſon and perſons untill payment thereof ſhalbée duely made or otherwiſe in ſuch manner as other Fines and Amerciaments or any of them hereafter mentioned are or may bée had leavied or recovered. AND We doe further for us our heires and ſucceſſors give and grant unto the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Cominaltie of the ſaid Colledge and Corporation and theire Succeſſors That the Preſident and Cenſors or Vice-preſident and Cenſors of the Colledge and Corporation aforeſaid in the abſence of the Preſident or any thrée of them for the tyme being (whereof the Preſident or in his abſence the Vice-preſident to bée one) ſhall and may have full power and abſolute authority att all tymes when and as often as to them ſhalbée thought meete and reaſonable to ſend for ſummon Power to ſummon all Druggiſts, &c. convent and cauſe to appeare before them the ſaid Preſident and Cenſors or Vice-preſident and Cenſors of the ſame Colledge and Corporation in the abſence of the Preſident or any thrée of them for the tyme being whereof the Preſident or in his abſence the Vice-preſident for the tyme being to bée one att ſuch tyme and place tymes and places within the aforeſaid Citty and Suburbs of London and Weſtminſter or within ſeaven miles thereof all or any ſuch Apothecaries Druggiſts Diſtillers Preparers or Sellers of ſuch Waters Oyles or Medicines as aforeſaid or any other perſon or perſons whatſoever uſeing the Art or Myſtery of an Apothecary or Druggiſt or the Trade or Craft of a Diſtiller Preparer or Seller of Waters Oyles or Medicines or that ſhall putt or ſett to ſale any Stuffe Druggs Waters Oyles Medicines or other things whatſoever apt fit or uſed for Medicines either Simple or Compound within the aforeſaid Citty and Suburbs of London or within ſeaven miles from the ſame. AND if ſuch perſon or perſons ſoe ſummoned or warned as aforeſaid upon reaſonable ſummons and garniſhment to him or them in that behalfe made haveing noe reaſonable cauſe to the contrary ſhall not accordingly make his or their perſonall appearance before the Preſident and If not appear, Cenſors or Vice-preſident and Cenſors of the Colledge aforeſaid in the abſence of the Preſident or any thrée of them for the tyme being as aforeſaid att ſuch tyme and place as by the ſaid Preſident and Cenſors or Vice-preſident and Cenſors or any thrée of them as aforeſaid ſhall bée reaſonably limitted or appointed THEN Wée doe by theiſe preſents declare That it ſhall and may bee lawfull to and for the aforeſaid Preſident and Cenſors or Vice-preſident and Cenſors or any thrée of them for the tyme being as aforeſaid to impoſe and inflict ſuch reaſonable Penalty Fyne and To fine them at pleaſure, not exceeding 20 s. Amerciament upon euery ſuch perſon or perſons ſoe makeing default of appearance as the ſaid Preſident and Cenſors or Vice-preſident and Cenſors or any thrée of them as aforeſaid ſhall thinke meete in that behalfe ſoe as ſuch Fyne or Amerciament for any one ſuch default exceed not the ſumme of twenty ſhillings of lawfull Engliſh money. AND if any perſon or perſons ſummoned as aforeſaid ſhall make his or their perſonall appearance before the aforeſaid Preſident and Cenſors or Vice-preſident and Cenſors for the tyme being or any thrée of them as aforeſaid att ſuch tyme and place as is or ſhall bee lymitted or appointed And then and there it ſhall appeare unto the ſaid Preſident and Cenſors or Vice-preſident and Cenſors or any thrée of them as aforeſaid That the ſaid perſon or perſons ſoe appeareing then or of late had putt or ſett to ſale any Wares Druggs Waters Bad Medicines. Oyles Medicines or Stuffes defective corrupted or not meete or convenient to bée miniſtred in Medicine for the health of mans body or that any ſuch perſon or perſons ſoe ſummoned and appeareing as aforeſaid then or of late had made or compounded or delivered out any Medicine either ſimple or compounded differing from and not agreeable in name Medicines not made according to direction, &c. nature and quantity unto the preſcript or direction delivered unto the ſaid perſon or perſons before the makeing compounding or delivery of the ſaid Medicine Then the ſaid Preſident and Cenſors or Vice-preſident and Cenſors in the abſence of the Preſident or any thrée of them for the tyme being whereof the Preſident or in his abſence the Vice-preſident to bee one ſhall have full power and authority to impoſe a reaſonable Penalty Fyne and Amerciament upon all To fine the party, not exceeding 3 l. for any one offence. and every perſon and perſons ſoe offending ſoe as the ſame Penalty Fyne and Amerciament for any one fault or offence exceed not att any one tyme the ſumme of thrée pounds of lawfull Engliſh money and further to impriſon ſuch offender untill he haue To impriſon him till payment. made ſatisfaction and payment of the ſame fyne ſoe impoſed upon him for the ſame offence. AND FORASMUCH as Wee are well ſatisfied in our ſelfe and hold it moſt reaſonable and requiſite that a like care and conſideration ſhould bée had and taken of all our good ſubjects inhabiting or reſident in other the Dioceſſes and parts of this our Realme of England not herein abovementioned nor provided for in matters concerning the good and health of their bodies which to effect and to the end that the abuſes and irregularities abovementioned may in thoſe parts bee ſeaſonably corrected or tymely prevented and none but able learned and well qualified perſons admitted to exerciſe and practiſe in Phyſicke in the parts of this our Kingdome without our ſaid Citty of London and Weſtminſter and the lymitts of ſeaven miles aforeſaid, OUR WILL AND PLEASURE is And Wée doe by theiſe preſents for us our heires and ſucceſſors Grant Conſtitute and Ordeyne that all and every All practiſers of Phyſick in the Country, out of the limits aforeſaid, to be licenſed by the Preſident and Elects, or any four of them. perſon and perſons whatſoever now or hereafter willing or deſirous to exerciſe or practiſe Phyſicke in any the parts of this our Kingdome without the Citties and lymitts aforeſaid Doe and ſhall before hée or they or any of them reſpectively make any open profeſſion thereof Offer and ſubmitt themſelves to the examination and tryall as to their ſeverall abilities and qualifications requiſite in that faculty of the Preſident and Elects or Vice-preſident and Elects in the abſence Firſt to be examined. of the Preſident of the Colledge aforeſaid or any foure of them for the tyme being (whereof the Preſident or in his abſence the Vice-preſident for the tyme being to bée alwayes one) To the end that ſuch perſon and perſons as on ſuch Examination or Tryall ſhall appeare to bée able and qualified for the exerciſe of that faculty may bée approved and allowed of by If able approved, &c. By teſtimonial under the hands of the particular tryers. teſtimoniall in writing under the particular hands of the perſons reſpectively ſo examining and approveing them. AND WEE DOE hereby will and require and by theiſe preſents for us our heires and ſucceſſors give and grant unto the Preſident and Elects of the Colledge aforeſaid and in the abſence of the Preſident to the Vice-preſident and Elects of the ſame Colledge for the tyme being or any foure of them (whereof the Preſident or in his abſence the Vice-preſident for the tyme being to bée one) from tyme to tyme to receive ſend for and call before them all and every ſuch perſon and perſons that is or ſhall be willing or deſirous or ſhall begynn or venture to exerciſe Power to the Preſident and Elects, &c. to ſummon, examine and give Teſtimonials, &c. or practiſe in the ſaid faculty of Phyſicke within any the parts of this our Realme of England without the Citty and lymitts aforeſaid And them and every of them well faithfully and exactly to examine and make tryall of their ſeverall and reſpective qualifications and abilities as to the ſaid faculty of Phyſicke and the exerciſe and practice thereof And to allowe lycence and approve of ſuch and ſoe many of them as ſhall bée by the ſaid Examiners reſpectively as aforeſaid adjudged able and qualified for that profeſſion And thereupon to make and give unto them and every of them ſoe approved of as aforeſaid a teſtimoniall in writing under the hands of the Examiners reſpectively as aforeſaid AND alſoe to refuſe ſuppreſſe and reject all and every ſuch perſon and perſons as to Reject perſons unfit. the ſaid Examiners reſpectively appointed as aforeſaid ſhall from tyme to tyme appeare to be inſufficient or not duely qualified for the exerciſe of that faculty AND FURTHER by all juſt and lawfull wayes and meanes poſſible in the future to the utmoſt of their power to prevent or tymely to reforme and correct the abuſes irregularities and enormities aforeſaid in all and every the parts of this our Realme without our ſaid Citty of London and Weſtminſter and lymitts of ſeaven miles aforeſaid. AND our further will and pleaſure is And Wee doe by theſe preſents for us our heires and ſucceſſors Graunt Conſtitute and Ordayne that noe perſon or perſons whatſoever Except None to practiſe in the Country, till licenſed, under pain of 5. l. per Menſem, except Graduates in the Univerſities. hee or they bee a Graduate or Graduates of Oxford or Cambridge which have or hath accompliſhed all things for his or their forme without any grace ſhall doe or may from henceforth exerciſe or practiſe or bee permitted to exerciſe or practiſe in the ſaid Art or Faculty of Phyſicke in any part or parts of this our Realme of England without our ſaid Citty and the lymitts aforeſaid untill he or they reſpectively ſhall be examined tryed and approved of as aforeſaid and have and receive a Teſtimoniall thereof in writing as aforeſaid upon paine of forfeiting of five pounds of lawfull money of England unto the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Comonalty of the Colledge aforeſaid and their Succeſſors for every Moneth wherein any ſuch perſon or perſons ſhall ſoe exerciſe or practiſe in the ſaid Art or Faculty of Phyſicke as aforeſaid being not duely examined and approved of or haveing not had or received his Teſtimoniall as aforeſaid All and every ſuch forfeiture ſumme and ſummes of money to be had and recovered in ſuch manner and by ſuch wayes and meanes as the ſaid penalty or forfeiture of Tenn pounds the Moneth for practiſing without To be recovered as the 10 l. forfeiture. lycence within our ſaid Citty of London or ſeaven myles thereof as aforeſaid is ought or may bee had ſued for obteyned or recovered And in which Actions Suite or Suites to bee had brought or proſecuted▪ noe Eſſoyne wager of Lawe or protection ſhall or ought to bée admitted or allowed for or to any Defendant or Defendants therein. AND WEE WILL and for us our heires and ſucceſſors Doe hereby graunt that the Playntiffe and Playntiffs in all and every Action and Actions Bill Suite Plaint or Information hereafter brought or to bée brought exhibited or proſecuted for the recovery and obteyneing of the ſaid ſeverall paynes or forfeitures of Tenn pounds the Moneth and five pounds the Moneth any or either of them wherein ſuch Playntiffe or Playntiffs ſhall or ought to have recover or obteyne his or their Iudgment therein reſpectively ſhall have and recover his and theire reaſonable Coſts of ſuite to bée from tyme to tyme taxed and aſſeſſed by the Iudge Iudges or Iuſtices of the Court wherein ſuch Action or Actions Bill Playnt or Information ſhall be brought or proſecuted as aforeſaid and ſhall alſoe have his and theire Execution and Executions for the ſame in ſuch manner to all intents and purpoſes as in any Action of debt Caſe or Treſpaſs is now uſed or ought to bée had given or done in any of our Courts of Record att Weſtminſter And that the Defendant and Defendants in every ſuch Action and Suite Bill Playnt or Information wherein Iudgment is or ought to bee given for ſuch Defendant or Defendants ſhall have and recover his and theire Coſts of ſuite in ſuch manner as in any Action or Actions of Debt Caſe or Treſpaſſe is nowe uſed or ought to bée had or given in any of our Courts aforeſaid. AND WEE DOE hereby for us our heires and ſucceſſors impower and enjoyne all Iudges and Iuſtices of us our heires and ſucceſſors to act and performe accordingly any Acte Statute Lawe Vſage or Proviſion whatſoever to the contrary thereof in any wiſe notwithſtanding. AND WEE WILL and by theſe preſents for us our All Fines, Forfeitures and Amerciaments to be approved by the next Court, and regiſtred, before any levy or execution be had thereof, and after by Warrant to commit the party untill, &c. or levy it of his goods. heires and ſucceſſors Doe ordaine and declare that all and every the Fynes Penalties Forfeitures and Amerciaments hereafter to be ſett adjudged impoſed or inflicted upon any perſon or perſons whatſoever by force or colour of theſe preſents or of any the Letters Patents or Acts of Parliament aforeſaid or by force or colour of any Acts Ordinances Decrees or Conſtitutions made or to bee made by vertue of theſe preſents or any the Graunts or Authorities aforeſaid before any Action bée commenced or any Levy or Execution bee had or made thereof reſpectively the ſaid ſeverall penalties and forfeitures of Tenn pounds and five pounds per Menſem above mentioned allwayes excepted The 10 l. and 5 l. per Menſem excepted. ſhall bée reported to and approved of by the Court or Corporation of the ſaid Preſident and Fellowes of the Kings Colledge of Phyſitians aforeſaid to bée held by vertue of theſe preſents or by any fifteene or more of the Fellowes of the ſame Colledge for the tyme beinge then preſent att ſuch Court whereof the Preſident or in his abſence the Vice-preſident for the tyme being to bée one and then entered and regiſtred in the Common Regiſter Booke of the ſame Colledge And that from and after ſuch approbation and entry thereof it ſhall and may bée lawfull to and for the Preſident and Cenſors or Vice-preſident and Cenſors of the ſame Colledge of Phyſitians for the tyme being in the abſence of the Preſident or any thrée of them (whereof the ſaid Preſident or in his abſence the Vice-preſident for the tyme being to bée one) by Warrant under the hand of the ſaid Preſident and Cenſors or Vice-preſident and Cenſors for the tyme being in the abſence of the Preſident or any thrée of them (whereof the ſaid Preſident or in his abſence the Vice-preſident for the tyme being to bée▪ one) duely made and directed to any Officer and Officers of the ſame Colledge in this behalfe to bée appointed to Commit and ſend every ſuch perſon and perſons ſoe offending and on whome any ſuch Fyne Penalty or Amerciament ſhall be impoſed ſett or inflicted as aforeſaid or by whom any forfeiture ſhall bée made as aforeſaid to any of our Goales or Priſons (except our Tower of London) within our ſaid Citty of London or the Suburbs thereof for the tyme being there to remayne untill he or they ſhall pay and ſatisfie unto the ſaid Preſident and Fellowes of the ſame Colledge of Phyſitians and their Succeſſors for the tyme being the ſeverall and reſpective fyne or fynes penalty or penalties forfeiture or forfeitures Amerciament or Amerciaments for which hee or they reſpectively ſhalbee ſoe Committed or charged as aforeſaid or otherwiſe by like Warrant to levie all and every ſuch fyne and fynes penalty and penalties forfeiture and forfeitures Amerciament and Amerciaments by diſtreſſe and ſale of any of the Goods and Chattells of any or every ſuch perſon or perſons reſpectively offending as aforeſaid rendering the overplus to bee ymployed and diſpoſed as hereafter in and by theſe preſents is directed. PROVIDED allwayes that if any perſon or perſons on whome any Fyne Penalty or Amerciament ſhall be ſett or impoſed as aforeſaid ſhall find or conceive Appeal to, himſelfe grieved thereby That then it ſhall and may bee lawfull to and for every ſuch perſon and perſons Within one Month after the Fine approved in Court. within one Moneth after ſuch approbation and entry thereof made as aforeſaid or ſooner to appeale unto ſuch perſon and perſons for his or their releife therein as in and by theſe preſents are hereafter nominated conſtituted and impowered in that behalfe. AND Wée will and by theſe preſents for us our heires and ſucceſſors Doe make ordeyne conſtitute and appoint Viſitors Conſtituted. our right truſty and right welbeloved Coſin and Councellor Edward Earle of Clarendon our High Chancellor of England our right truſty and welbeloved Sir Robert Foſter Knight Cheife Iuſtice of our Court of Kings Bench Sir Orlando Bridgman Knight and Baronett Cheife Iuſtice of our Court of Common Pleas and Sir Matthew Hale Knight Cheife Baron of our Court of Exchequer the preſent Viſitors of the ſaid Colledge and Corporation and the Lord Chancellor of England or Lord Keeper of the Greate Seale of England Lord Cheife Iuſtice of the ſaid Court of Kings Bench Lord Cheife Iuſtice of the ſaid Court of Common Pleas and Lord Cheife Baron of the ſaid Court of Exchequer hereafter for the tyme being from tyme to tyme and for ever hereafter Viſitors of the ſame Colledge and Corporation. AND Wee doe by theſe preſents for us our heires and ſucceſſors give and grant unto them the ſaid Viſitors hereby conſtituted and every or any Power to receive and determine Appeals, &c. two or more of them full power and authority to receive entertaine heare examine adjudge and determine alter mitigate reverſe or confirme all and every ſuch Matter Cauſe Complaynt Iudgment Decree or Sentence whatſoever which att any time hereafter ſhall come or bée brought before them or any two or more of them by way of Appeale hereafter to be made by any perſon or perſons whatſoever for or concerning any Fyne Penalty or Amerciament or other matter or thing whatſoever according to the tenor true intent and meaning of theſe preſents as to them or any two or more of them ſhall ſeeme juſt and fitting. AND to that end that it ſhall and may bee lawfull to and for our ſaid Lord High Chancellor of England Lord Cheife Iuſtice of our ſaid Court of Kings Bench our ſaid Cheife Iuſtice of our ſaid Court of Common Pleas and our ſaid Cheife Baron of our ſaid Court of Exchequer now being or any two or more of them and to and for all and every other Lord Chancellor of England or Lord Keeper of the Greate Seale of England Lord Cheife Iuſtice of the ſaid Court of Kings Bench Lord Cheife Iuſtice of the ſaid Court of Common Pleas and Lord Cheife Baron of the ſaid Court of Exchequer hereafter for the tyme being or any two To the ſaid Viſitors, or any two of them. or more of them from tyme to tyme to ſend for remove or cauſe to come before them or any two or more of them all and every ſuch Cauſe Complaynt To remove the Cauſe before them. Iudgment Decree and Sentence and all or any the proceedings thereof reſpectively whereupon or wherein any Appeale ſhall bée made to them or any two or more of them as aforeſaid and from tyme to tyme to order and appoint certaine dayes tymes and places for the hearing and adjudging thereof and to ſummon heare and examine upon Oath or otherwiſe all To ſummon and ſwear Witneſſes. and every perſon and perſons that know or can ſay or teſtifie any matter of fact or other thing conduceing to the manifeſtation or diſcovery of the truth of the matter in queſtion to the end a juſt and cleare judgment and determination may be had and made therein AND FURTHER to act proceed performe and doe by all ſuch juſt and lawfull wayes and meanes as ſhall be requiſite or neceſſary for the better and ſpeedier effecting of the premiſes in all things according to the beſt of their Iudgments and to the truth of the matter appeareing before them. AND FURTHER that it ſhall and may bée lawfull to and for the ſaid Viſitors or any two or more of them for the tyme being from tyme to tyme and att any tyme after ſuch cauſe or matter heard or determined by them After ſentence to remit the Cauſe. or any two of them as aforeſaid to remitt and certifie back again to the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Cominalty of the ſaid Colledge of Phyſitians their judgment and proceedings therein reſpectively To the end that due execution and proceeding may bée had and made thereupon according to the tenor true intent and meaning of theſe preſents. AND Wee will and by theſe preſents for us our heires and ſucceſſors doe conſtitute ordaine declare and graunt that all and every Iudgment Sentence and Decree hereafter All Judgments in ſuch Appeal to ſtand good, and no further relief or appeal after. made or to bée made by the Viſitors aforeſaid or any two or more of them upon any Appeale or Appeales of in or concerning the premiſes ſhalbée and ſtand firme and good and bée binding and concluding to all and every perſon and perſons party and parties concerned therein reſpectively and noe further or other Appeale or releife to bée had ſought made or given therein in any Court of Lawe or Equity or elſewhere or otherwiſe however. PROVIDED allwayes and Wée will and by theſe preſents for us our heires and ſucceſſors doe conſtitute ordaine and grant that in caſe of neglect or delay of proſecution of any Appeale or Appeales Provided if neglect of proſecution, or the Appeal not determined within ſix Months, the Preſident and Cenſors to proceed as if no Appeal therein. hereafter to bée had or made in the premiſſes according to the tenor of theſe preſents or that Iudgment Decree or Sentence bee not from tyme to tyme had and obtayned in all and every ſuch Appeale and Appeales at the proſecution of the partie or parties reſpectively ſoe Appealing within ſix Moneths after every ſuch Appeale or Appeales from tyme to tyme reſpectively made That then and in every ſuch Caſe it ſhall and may bee lawfull to and for the Preſident Fellowes and Commonalty of the Colledge aforeſaid and their Succeſſors and to and for the ſaid Preſident and Cenſors or Vice-preſident and Cenſors of the ſame Colledge for the tyme being in the abſence of the Preſident or any three of them as is above mentioned to act and proceed in and upon every ſuch Matter Cauſe Iudgment Sentence or Decree on which ſuch Appeale or Appeales ſhall bee ſoe made as aforeſaid and neglected delayed or not determined in tyme by the Viſitors as aforeſaid in ſuch manner and to all intents and purpoſes as if ſuch Appeale or Appeales had never byn or byn made Any thinge in theſe preſents conteyned to the contrary thereof in any wiſe notwithſtanding. AND WEE DOE by theſe preſents To proceed on Judgment in Appeal after remitted, as in other caſe before Appeal. for us our heires and ſucceſſors further graunt conſtitute and ordeyne that itt ſhall and may bee lawfull to and for the Preſident Fellowes and Cominalty of the Colledge of Phyſitians aforeſaid and their Succeſſors and to and for the Preſident and Cenſors or Vice-preſident and Cenſors of the ſame Colledge for the tyme being in the abſence of the Preſident or any three of them as is above mentioned to act doe and proceed by way of Action Diſtreſſe Impriſonment or otherwiſe in and upon all and every matter cauſe and thing judgment ſentence and decree whatſoever hereafter to bee made given ratified or confirmed by the Viſitors aforeſaid or any twoe or more of them in or upon any Appeale or Appeales to them to bée made as aforeſaid and by them from tyme to tyme remitted as aforeſaid in ſuch and the like manner to all intents and purpoſes as by theſe preſents they or any of them may or are impowered to doe in the ſame or the like Caſes when noe Appeale or Appeales ſhall bée had or made therein Any thing in theſe preſents conteyned to the contrary thereof in any wiſe notwithſtanding. PROVIDED alſoe and our will and pleaſure is That Provided that no Offender be queſtioned but within a year after the Offence committed. noe perſon or perſons whatſoever ſhall att any tyme hereafter bee ympeached ſued fyned amerced or otherwiſe puniſhed by vertue of theſe preſents or for any offence or other matter cauſe or thing whatſoever therein ſpecified or conteyned unleſſe hee or they reſpectively bee from tyme to tyme impeached ſued fyned amerced or otherwiſe queſtioned or puniſhed for ſuch his or their offence or other matter cauſe or thing aforeſaid within one whole yeare next after the ſame ſhall be committed or done or ſuch perſon or perſons lyable to bée queſtioned or puniſhed for the ſame. AND WEE DOE further of our eſpeciall grace certaine All Fines and Amerciaments given to the Colledge. knowledge and meere motion for us our heires and ſucceſſors give and grant unto the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Cominalty of the Kings Colledge of Phyſitians aforeſaid and their Succeſſors all and ſingular the Fynes Amerciaments Penalties and Forfeitures and every of them by virtue of theſe preſents or any Act of Parliament hereafter to bee made in purſuance or Confirmation thereof or of any the Letters Patents or Acts of Parliament Ordinances Decrees or Impoſitions aforeſaid hereafter to bee aſſeſſed forfeited ſett or impoſed upon any Phyſitian or Practizer of Phyſicke as aforeſaid or to bee forfeited ſett or impoſed upon any Apothecary Druggiſt or other perſon or perſons whatſoever for or by reaſon of any miſdemeanor offence contempt or default whatſoever before in or by theſe preſents or any the Letters Patents Acts of Parliament Ordinances Decrees or Impoſitions mentioned or ſpecified to bee ymployed and diſpoſed as hereafter in and by theſe preſents is declared (The penalties and forfeitures of the Recognizances hereafter in and by theſe preſents mentioned Except the penalties and forfeitures on Recognizances. and directed to bee taken in the name of us our heires and ſucceſſors allwayes excepted) AND that the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Cominalty of the Colledge of Phyſitians aforeſaid and their Succeſſors ſhall and may by the name of the Preſident Fellowes and Cominalty of the Kings Colledge of Phyſitians in the Citty of London att all tymes hereafter and from tyme to tyme in any of our Courts of Record according to the due courſe of Lawe ſue for recover levy and take execution of and Power to ſue for them, and levy them as aforeſaid. for the ſaid Fynes Amerciaments Penalties and Forfeitures and every or any part thereof or otherwiſe levy or obtaine the ſame and every part thereof (Except the ſaid penalties and forfeitures of Tenn pounds and five pounds per Menſem) by Impriſonment of the Bodies or diſtreſſe and ſale of the Goods of the perſons offending as aforeſaid in manner and forme aforeſaid. AND FURTHER Wée will and hereby doe order and direct that all and every ſumme and ſummes of money had made accrewing or ariſeing by or out of the ſame Fynes Forfeitures Penalties All the Fines (charges deducted) to go to the poor. and Amerciaments any or all of them other then the ſaid forfeitures of Tenn pounds per Menſem and five pounds per Menſem the juſt and reaſonable charges and expences in the ſueing for or obteyning thereof reſpectively being firſt deducted and reteyned ſhall from tyme to tyme for ever hereafter within three Moneths after payment recovery or obteyning thereof bee well and duely imployed diſtributed and diſpoſed of by the ſaid Preſident and Fellowes of the ſaid Colledge of Phyſitians and their Succeſſors or the major part of them for the tyme being (whereof the Preſident for the tyme being to bee one) to and amongſt the poore of the Pariſhe or Place Pariſhes or Places reſpectively wherein the Offence or Offences for which ſuch Fyne or Fynes Amerciament or Amerciaments reſpectively ſhall bée ſett or impoſed as aforeſaid is are or ſhall bee reſpectively done or committed in ſuch manner and by ſuch proportions as to them ſhall ſeeme fitting and requiſite without the lett diſturbance or interruption of us our heires or ſucceſſors or any the Officers or Miniſters of us our heires or ſucceſſors and without giveing or rendering any account or recompence thereof or therefore to us our heires or ſucceſſors. NEVERTHELESSE Wee 6 l. per ann. reſerved to the King. will and our intent and meaning is That the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Comonalty of the ſaid Colledge and Corporation and theire Succeſſors ſhall anſweare and pay unto us our heires and ſucceſſors for and in reſpect of the ſaid penalties and forfeitures of Tenn pounds per Menſem and five pounds per Menſem herein before mentioned and to them by theſe preſents graunted as aforeſaid the yearely Rent of ſix pounds of lawfull money of England in liew and ſtead of the like yearely rent of ſix pounds reſerved and payable in and by the Letters Patents of our ſaid Royall Grandfather above mentioned to bée paid att the Receipt of our Exchequer att Weſtminſter att the feaſt of Saint Michaell the Archangell and the Annunciation of the bleſſed Lady Mary the Virgin by even and equall portions Any thing in theſe preſents contayned to the contrary thereof in any wiſe notwithſtanding. AND for the preventing of any queſtion that may ariſe concerning a double rent KNOW YEE further that Wée of our eſpeciall grace certaine knowledge and meere motion HAVE remiſed releaſed acquitted and diſcharged. And by theſe preſents for us our heires and ſucceſſors Doe remiſe releaſe acquitt and diſcharge aſwell the ſaid Preſident and Colledge or Comonalty in the Letters Patents aforeſaid ſpecified and theire Succeſſors as the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Commonalty and their Succeſſors and every of them of and from the ſaid yearely rent of ſix pounds reſerved and payable by the ſaid Letters Patents of our ſaid Royall Grandfather as aforeſaid and of and from all and every part and parcell thereof And all our right intereſt title clayme and demaund of in or to the ſame every or any part thereof. AND Wée will and by theſe preſents for us our heires and ſucceſſors doe graunt unto the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Commonalty of the Kings Colledge of Phyſitians aforeſaid and to their Succeſſors that the Preſident and Fellowes or the Vice-preſident and Fellowes of the ſame Colledge for the tyme being in the abſence of the Preſident or the major part of Power to chooſe a Regiſter. them preſent being not leſſe in number then fifteene whereof the Preſident or in his abſence the Vice-preſident to bee one being aſſembled together in their Hall or Council-houſe aforeſaid ſhall and may from tyme to tyme Nominate Elect and Appoint One honeſt and diſcreet perſon being one of the Fellowes of the ſaid Colledge whoe ſhall bée and ſhall bée called the Regiſter to the ſame Colledge and ſhall from tyme to tyme bée attendant on the Preſident and Fellowes of the ſaid Colledge and their Succeſſors and ſhall ſett downe in writing regiſter and enter into a Booke His duty. all ſuch Rules Orders Statutes Decrees Acts Ordinances and other things as ſhall from tyme to tyme bée had made done provided or ordeyned by the ſaid Preſident and Fellowes and their Succeſſors or the greater part of them att ſuch their Courts Meetings and Aſſemblies aforeſaid and alſoe ſhall and may from tyme to tyme when and as often as to them ſhall ſeeme meete ordaine make conſtitute and appoint ſuch and ſoe many other meete Officer or Officers Miniſter Power to chooſe other Officers. or Miniſters as to the ſaid Preſident and Fellowes or Vice-preſident and Fellowes in the abſence of the Preſident and their Succeſſors or the greater part of them aſſembled as aforeſaid from tyme to tyme ſhall bée thought fitt and neceſſary for their ſervice and benefitt. WHICH Regiſter Officers and Miniſters ſhall from tyme to tyme bée duely and ſeverally ſworne before the Preſident or in his abſence To be ſworn. the Vice-preſident of the ſame Colledge for the tyme being according to the preſcript and directions aboveſaid and the true intent and meaning of theſe preſents AND the ſame Regiſter and all and every other Officer and Miniſter by them to bée ſoe elected made conſtituted or appointed as aforeſaid ſhall and may from tyme to tyme upon reaſonable and juſt cauſe remove expell and putt out of his and their ſaid Offices and To put them out again, &c. Places and elect and putt others in his and their roomes and places when and as often as to the ſaid Preſident and Fellowes or Vice-preſident and Fellowes in the abſence of the Preſident or the greater part of them (whereof the Preſident or in his abſence the Vice-preſident for the tyme being to bée one) ſhall ſeeme meete and convenient. AND FURTHER Wee doe for us our heires and ſucceſſors To take Recognizances of Offenders. give and graunt unto the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Commonalty of the Kings Colledge of Phyſitians aforeſaid and theire Succeſſors that itt ſhall and may be lawfull to and for the ſaid Preſident and Cenſors or Vice-preſident and Cenſors of the ſame Colledge for the tyme being in the abſence of the Preſident or any three of them (whereof the Preſident or in his abſence the Vice-preſident to bee one) to cauſe ſuch perſons as ſhall be convented for any the offences aforeſaid and ſhall bee found offenders therein to become bound unto us our heires and ſucceſſors and to our uſe in one or more ſeverall Recognizances in ſuch ſumme or ſummes as they ſhall thinke fitt not exceeding the ſumme of One hundred pounds with Conditions thereunto for reſtrayning them to offend any more in that behalfe as to the rect. Preſident and Cenſors or to the Vice-preſident and Cenſors in the abſence of the Preſident or any three▪ Preſident or Vice-preſident and Cenſors in the abſence of the Preſident and Cenſors or any three of them whereof the Preſident or in his abſence the Vice-preſident for the tyme being to bee one ſhall ſeeme meete. And if ſuch perſon or perſons ſhall refuſe to become ſoe bound by ſuch Recognizance with ſuch condition that then itt ſhall and may bee lawfull to and for the ſaid Preſident and Cenſors or Vice-preſident and Cenſors of the ſame Colledge for the tyme being in the abſence of the Preſident or any three of them whereof the Preſident or in his abſence the Vice-preſident to bee one to commit ſuch perſon and To commit ſuch as refuſe to enter into Recognizance. perſons to priſon and him and them to deteyne in priſon untill he or they ſhall become bound in ſuch Recognizance with ſuch condition as aforeſaid. AND WEE WILL and by theſe preſents for us our heires and ſucceſſors doe enjoyne order and commaund all and every Warden Goaler and Keeper Wardens Goalers and Keepers of our Wards Goales and Goalers to receive and detain the Priſoners. Priſons within our ſaid Citty of London and the limitts and precincts aforeſaid (Except before excepted) that they and every of them doe from tyme to tyme yeild and give all due obedience and obſervance to the ſaid Preſident and Cenſors or Vice-preſident and Cenſors of the Colledge aforeſaid for the tyme being in the abſence of the Preſident and to all and every ſuch Warrant and Warrants as by them or any three of them for the tyme being (whereof the ſaid Preſident or in his abſence the Vice-preſident to bee one) ſhall by virtue of theſe preſents or any the Letters Patents or Acts of Parliament aforeſaid bee duely made and directed to any the Wardens Goalers or Keepers of our Priſons aforeſaid or any of them And that they and every of them doe and ſhall receive into his or their Cuſtody in ſuch priſon or priſons (whereof he or they ſhall then bee Warden Goaler or Keeper) all and every ſuch perſon and perſons as by vertue of ſuch Warrant or Warrants ſhall bee ſent or committed to him or them and there ſhall ſafely keepe every ſuch perſon and perſons ſo Committed in any of their Priſons att the proper coſts and charges of the ſaid perſon or perſons ſoe Committed without Bayle or Mainpriſe according to the tenor forme and effect of ſuch Warrant and Warrants untill ſuch perſon or perſons ſhall bée duely diſcharged upon paine that all and every ſuch Warden Goaler or Keeper doeing the contrary ſhall looſe and forfeit the double of all and every ſuch Fyne or Fynes Amerciament Penalty. and Amerciaments ſumme and ſummes of money for which or Non-payment whereof ſuch perſon or perſons reſpectively were or ſhall bee ſoe Committed as aforeſaid PROVIDED that any ſuch Fyne Amerciament or Summe of money bée not att any one tyme above the ſumme of Twenty pounds The one moyety thereof to bée ymployed to the uſe of us our heires and ſucceſſors and the other moyety to the ſaid Preſident and Fellowes of the Kings Colledge of Phyſitians aforeſaid to and for the uſe of the poore aforeſaid and to bée diſpoſed and diſtributed as aforeſaid. AND all the ſame forfeitures to bée recovered by Action of debt Bill Playnt or Information in any Court of Record of us our heires or ſucceſſors againſt any ſuch Warden Goaler or Keeper ſoe offending in which ſuite noe Eſſoyne wager of Law nor Protection ſhall bee allowed or admitted for the Defendant. AND WEE DOE FURTHER of our eſpeciall grace certaine knowledge and meere motion for us our heires and ſucceſſors give and graunt unto the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Cominalty of the Kings Colledge of Phyſitians and their Succeſſors that itt ſhall and may be lawfull to and for the Preſident and Fellowes of the ſame Colledge for the tyme being and their Succeſſors yearely and every yeare for ever hereafter att their frée liberty and pleaſure to have and take att once or ſeverall tymes without contradiction the dead Bodies of ſix ſeverall perſons of Men Liberty to take ſix Bodies yearly for Anatomies, or Woemen condemned adjudged and putt to death for Felony or other offence by the due courſe and order of the Lawes of this our Realme within our ſaid Citty of London or our Countyes of Middleſex and Surrey or either of them for Anatomies without any further Surte Lycence or Commiſſion to or from us our heires or ſucceſſors to bee had made or obteyned for the ſame And from tyme to tyme to make inciſion of the ſame dead bodyes or otherwiſe to order the ſame after their diſcretions att their liberty and pleaſures for their further and better knowledge inſtruction inſight learning and experience in the faculty and ſcience of Phyſicke and Chirurgery. PROVIDED allwayes and We will and direct that Provided they be buried after. all and every ſuch dead body and bodies had taken or uſed for or as Anatomies bée from tyme to tyme after ſuch uſe made thereof as aforeſaid decently buryed att the coſts and charges of the ſaid Preſident and Fellowes and their Succeſſors. AND Wée doe further of our eſpeciall favour certaine knowledge and meere Liberty to purchaſe Lands. motion for us our heires and ſucceſſors give and grant unto the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Cominalty of the Kings Colledge of Phyſitians and their Succeſſors ſpeciall lycence free and lawfull liberty power and authority to acquire purchaſe receive and take unto the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Cominalty of the ſame Colledge and their Succeſſors for ever to the uſe of them and their Succeſſors for ever And alſoe to all and every other perſon and perſons full and free power lycence and authority to give graunt and convey unto them the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Cominalty of the Colledge aforeſaid and their Succeſſors for ever to the uſe of them and their Succeſſors for ever any Mannors Meſſuages Lands Tenements Tythes Rents Reverſions and Hereditaments ſoe as the ſame doe not exceed in the whole the cleare yearly value of Two hundred pounds above all charges and repriſes The Statute of Alienation 200 l. per ann. in Mortmaine or any other Statute Act Law Ordinance or Proviſion heretofore made ordeyned or provided or any other matter cauſe or thing to the contrary in any wiſe notwithſtanding And this without any Writt or Writts of Ad quod dampnum or other Licence or Letters Patents Inquiſitions or Mandates of us our heires or ſucceſſors to bée had made proſecuted ſued for or obteyned in that behalfe. AND WEE WILL and by theſe preſents for us our heires and ſucceſſors Doe give and graunt unto the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Comonalty of the Kings Colledge of Phyſitians and their Succeſſors That all and every Phyſitian and Phyſitians that now is or are or that hereafter ſhall bee Elected Admitted and made a Member of the ſame Colledge ſhall from tyme to tyme be wholly and abſolutely freed exempt and diſcharged of and from ſerving or appearing in any Iury or Iuries for the tryall of any matter or Phyſicians not to be of Juries, nor Churchwarden, Conſtable, nor Scavenger in London, or ſeven miles diſtant, &c. cauſe or takeing finding or executing of any Commiſſion or Inquiſition whatſoever and of and from being or choſen to bee Churchwarden Conſtable Scavenger or any ſuch or the like Officer or Officers And of and from the undertakeing execution and exerciſe of all and every the ſame and ſuch like Office and Offices Place and Places and every of them And alſoe of and from all Watch and Ward Watch and Ward. Bearing and providing Armes. and of and from beareing and providing Armes within our Citties of London or Weſtminſter or either of them or any the Suburbs or Liberties of the ſame Citties or either of them or within ſeaven miles compaſſe thereof. AND in caſe they or any of them ſhall att any tyme hereafter by any wayes or meanes bee deſigned appointed nominated or choſen into or to undergoe or beare or performe any of the ſaid Office or Offices Place or Places Duety or Dueties or any of them within our ſaid Citties or the Suburbs or Liberties thereof or lymitts aforeſaid That all and every ſuch deſignation appointment nomination and election ſhall bee utterly void and of none effect any Statute Act Ordinance Conſtitution Order Cuſtome or Law to the contrary thereof in any wiſe notwithſtanding. AND Wee doe Confirmation of all former Grants, further for us our heires and ſucceſſors give and graunt unto the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Commonalty of the ſaid Kings Colledge of Phyſitians aforeſaid and their Succeſſors AND by theſe preſents declare and manifeſt our pleaſure for ever to bee That the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Cominalty and their Succeſſors ſhall and may have take hold receive uſe exerciſe and enjoy all and ſingular the Guifts Graunts Liberties Priviledges Immunities Freedomes Benefitts Advantages Proffitts Comodities Power Ability and Authority herein before mentioned or by any Act or Acts of Parliament heretofore given graunted or confirmed unto the Preſident Colledge or Cominalty aforeſaid or any of them and not hereby altered changed made void or nulled Not hereby altered. without the lett hinderance interruption or diſturbance of us our heires or ſucceſſors or of any the Officers or Miniſters of us our heires or ſucceſſors or of any other perſon or perſons whatſoever And that as fully and amply to all intents and purpoſes as the ſaid Preſident Colledge or Cominalty or any the Members thereof or any of them had uſed exerciſed or enjoyed or may might could or ought to have had uſed exerciſed or enjoyed the ſame or any thereof. AND FURTHER of our like eſpeciall grace certaine knowledge and meere motion WEE WILL and for us our heires and ſucceſſors Doe promiſe and To conſent to a Bill in Parliament for Confirmation. graunt to and with the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Cominalty of the Kings Colledge of Phyſitians aforeſaid and their Succeſſors by theſe preſents that in the preſent or next Parliament or Seſſion of Parliament of us our heires or ſucceſſors now held or hereafter to bee called and held within this our Realme of England Wee our heires and ſucceſſors will give and graunt our Royall and free aſſent and conſent to any Act Bill or Petition by the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Cominalty or their Succeſſors or any of them in Parliament as aforeſaid to bee exhibited or preferred and by the Lords Spirituall and Temporall and the Commonalty of the ſaid Parliament to bee approved and aſſented unto for the better inabling authoriſing and inveſting of the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Commonalty and their Succeſſors to and with the ſeverall Graunts Powers Priviledges Authorities Exemptions Immunities and other matters and things to them in or by theſe preſents given graunted or confirmed or intended to bee to them given graunted or confirmed according to our gracious intent and meaning herein before ſpecified and expreſſed. AND FURTHER Wée will and by theſe preſents for us our heires and ſucceſſors Doe graunt unto the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Cominalty of the Kings Colledge of Phyſitians aforeſaid and their Succeſſors that theſe our Letters Patents and all and ſingular the Guifts Graunts Authorities Powers Priviledges and Immunities and other things herein conteyned ſhall bée good firme avayleable and effectuall in the Law to the intents and purpoſes aforeſaid And ſhall bée in all and every of our Courts of Record and elſewhere had taken conſtrued and adjudged moſt ſtrongly againſt us our heires and ſucceſſors and moſt benignely favourably and beneficially to and for the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Cominalty and their Succeſſors any Statute Act Ordinance Cuſtome Vſage Guift Grant or any other matter or thing heretofore had made uſed ordeyned or provided to the contrary in any wiſe notwithſtanding. ALTHOUGH EXPRESSE MENTION of the true yearely value or certainty of the Premiſſes or of any of them or of any other Guifts or Graunts by us or any of our Progenitors or Predeceſſors heretofore made to the ſaid Preſident Fellowes and Cominalty of the Kings Colledge of Phyſitians aforeſaid in theſe preſents is not made or any Statute Act Ordinance Proviſion Proclamation or Reſtriction heretofore had made enacted ordeyned or provided or any other matter cauſe or thing whatſoever to the contrary thereof in any wiſe notwithſtanding. IN WITNESS whereof Wée have cauſed theſe our Letters to bée made Patents. WITNESS our ſelfe att Weſtminſter the Sir and twentieth day of March in the Fifteenth yeare of our Raigne.

REX omnibus ad quos, &c. ſalutem. Cùm antehac per Litteras noſtras Paten' ſub magno ſigillo noſtro Anglie confect' geren' dat' apud Weſtm' nono die Aprilis Anno regni noſtri Anglie Francie & Hibernie Apothecaries and Grocers made one Corporation, 4 Jac. quarto & Scocie de gratia noſtra ſpeciali voluerimus ordinaverimus & conceſſerimus quod omnes & ſinguli liberi homines myſterii Grocer' & Pharmacopol' Civitat' London & Succeſſores ſui deinceps imperpetuum pro meliori ordine gubernatione & regimine hominum myſter' Grocer' & Pharmacopol' Civitatis London ac pro utilitate commodo & relevamine bonorum & proborum ac formidine & correctione malorum doloſorum & improborum forent & eſſent vigore earundem Litterarum Paten' unum Corpus corporatum & politicum in re facto & nomine per nomen Cuſtod' & Communitatis myſter' Grocer' Civitat' London & eoſdem per nomen Cuſtod' & Communitat' myſter' Grocer' Civitat' London unum corpus corporatum & politicum in re facto & nomine realiter & ad plenum pro nobis heredibus & ſucceſſor' noſtris per eaſdem Litteras noſtras. Paten' adtunc erexerimus fecerimus ordinaverimus conſtituerimus & declar averimus & quod per idem nomen ſucceſſionem h'erent perpetuam prout per eaſdem Litteras noſtras Paten' (inter alia) pleniùs liquet & apparet. Jam verò quum nobis ſit The grounds for this New Charter. demonſtratum ex parte dilectorum ſubditorum noſtrorum Pharmacopol' Civitat' noſtre London necnon nobis affirmatum & approbatum per dilectos nobis Theodorum de Mayerne & Henricum Atkins in Medicinis Doctores Medicos noſtros diſcretos & fideles Quod hiiſce proximis annis quamplurimi Empirici & homines Empiricks. ignari & inexperti in Civitate noſtra London ac ejuſdem Suburbiis inhabitant & commorantur qui in Pharmacopoli arte & myſterio haud inſtituti ſed in eadem imperiti & rudes quamplurima inſalubria nociva Hurtfull Medicines. falſa corrupta & pernicioſa faciunt & componunt medicamenta eademque in plurimas hujus regni noſtri Anglie partes vendunt & aſſidue tranſmittunt in convitium & opprobrium non ſolùm Medicine ſciencie illius colende Medicorúmque hujus regni noſtri Anglie literat' eandem profitentium necnon Pharmacopoeiorum Civitat' noſtre London in eadem arte & myſterio educat' & expert' verùm eciam in ſubditor' noſtror' pericula & aſſidua vite diſcrimina. Cumque ad jura noſtra regia & regimen ſupremum quo univerſos ſubdit' noſtros ſinguláſque regni noſtri partes membra & ſocietates temperamus & complectimur ſpectat ut probono publico & temporum ratione novas Societates atque nova Corpora corporat' & politica creare erigere inſtituere & ſuperinducere ad beneplacitum noſtrum poſſumus tam ex perſonis que prius plane ſeparat' & in null' corpus redact' & collect' fuerunt quàm ex membris Corporum corporat' veter' ubi hoc ad melius regimen populi noſtri videbitur expedire. Nos igitur conſiderantes officii noſtri Regii munus eſſe ſubditorum noſtrorum ſaluti & bono publico omnibus viis & modis providere & conſulere ac nobiſcum perpendentes quomodo improborum iſtorum hominum conatibus The Apothecaries ſeparate from the Company of Grocers. tempeſtivè occurramus (de adviſament' Conſilii noſtri in legibus eruditi) apprime neceſſarium duximus Pharmacopoeios Civitat' noſtre London ab hominibus liberis myſter' Grocer' ejuſdem diſunire disjungere ſeparare & diſſociare ac eoſdem Pharmacopoeios per ſeipſos ſolum & diviſim ac ab hominibus liberis myſter' Grocer' predict' ad omnes intentiones & propoſit' diſunitos & ſeparatos in unum Corpus corporat' & And made an Incorporation. Politicum erigere creare & conſtituere ad quos omni futuro tempore incommodorum iſtorum cura & correctio demandata & commiſſa foret. Ita tamen ut Subject to the Magiſtracy of the City, as well as others. ſuperior' ac general' regimin' Civitat' noſtre London & Magiſtrat' ejuſdem in modum aliarum Societat' ſubjiciantur. SCIATIS igitur quòd nos dilectorum & fidelium Medicor' noſtrorum Theodori de Mayerne & Henrici Atkins necnon Pharmacopoeiorum predict' precibus inclinati potiſſimùm verò ex regali noſtra cura & ſolicitudine Statum Reipublice promovendi ac bonum publicum procurandi ut Empiricorum & hominum ignaror' & inexpert' predictor' inſcitia temeritáſque compeſcatur unde plurima incommoda & pericula rudi & credule plebi aſſiduè oriantur Ac ut Pharmacopoei inferiùs nominati tam à predicto Corpore politico liberorum hominum myſter' Grocer' Civitat' London quàm à quibuſcunque aliis corporibus Politicis Societat' ſive Communitat' quarumcunque aliar' artium facultat' ſive myſter' in eadem Civitate noſtra London diſuniantur ſeparentur & disjungantur ac in Corpus unum Politicum & Corporatum per ſeipſos per nos facti conſtituti & creati impoſterum perpetuis futuris temporibus ad omnia propoſita & intentiones ſint & remaneant quàm pro aliis cauſis urgentibus nos ſpecialiter moventibus de gra' noſtra ſpeciali ac ex certa ſciencia & mero motu noſtris volumus ac per preſentes pro nobis heredibus & ſucceſſor' noſtris Willielmo The perſons firſt incorporated, were theſe 114. Beſſe, Edmundo Phillipps, Laurencio Mansfeild, Thome Colthurſt, Richardo Bacon, Stephano Higgins, Willielmo Compton, Richardo Trowt, Georgio Sheeres, Willielmo Hutton, Willielmo Chaphin, Willielmo Quick, Thome Whitley, Johanni Parkinſon, Radupho Clayton, Willielmo Gwyn, Humfrido Gravenor, Laurencio Lind, Johanni Huett, Nicholao Gibſon, Johanni Slater, Petro Watſon, Willielmo Checkley, Thome Tomlinſon, Danieli Darnelley, Willielmo Clark Senior', Adriano Barton, Willielmo Wells, Richardo Edwards, Richardo Palmer, Willielmo Peck, Joſie Harris, Thome Bullard, Iſraeli Wolfe, Jacobo Colwell, Thome Criſtie, Thome Hicks, Roberto Hudſon, Johanni Sheppard, Thome Fones, Gabrieli Sherife, Johanni Warkehowſe, Johanni Walter, Jacobo Fothergill, Samueli Jones, Thome Bate, Georgio Walſham Senior', Timotheo Read, Lodovico Moreton, Thome Bell Senior', Edvardo Cooke, Roberto Bourman, Tobie Wincks, Johanni Leſted, Willielmo Shambrooke, Edvardo Tasborough, Johanni Daſon, Leonardo Stone, Johanni Hinſon, Iſaaco Young, Willielmo Nock, Richardo Salter, Johanni Evans, Willielmo Spencer, Simoni Drew, Jolif Lownes, Samueli Lenn, Richardo Young, Roberto Vawdry, Jacobo Everett, Nicholao Goffe, Petro Howell, Franciſco Baldwyn, Edvardo Clarke Junior', Johanni Wheeler Junior', Gilberto Johnſon, Roberto Elkyn, Johanni Browne, Thome Broome, Richardo Glover, Willielmo Bell Junior', Roberto Hore, Stephano Chaſe, Samueli Moſſe, Philippo Griffeth, Samueli Harriſon, Johanni Morecroft, Jacobo Rand, Johanni Hide, Jacobo Walſham, Abrahamo Webb, Johanni Taylor, Radulpho Yardley, Thome Raſhton, Johanni Sares, Georgio Houghton, Rogero Harris, Georgio Stewarde, Richardo Swetſon, Roberto Mace, Johanni Kellett, Richardo Bragge, Miloni Sparks, Jacobo Tomkins, Richardo Aſhbie, Zacharie Warren, Richardo Blackwell, Willielmo Cleyton, Willielmo Roberts, Franciſco Unrayne, Richardo Moore, Carolo Munck, Samueli Tubman, & Michaeli Eaſon, ac omnibus aliis perſonis quibuſcunque ſubditis noſtris naturalibus in arte facultate ſive Natural Subjects, myſterio Pharmacopoeior' educat' & perit' eandémque artem facultatem ſive myſterium hoc tempore exercen' ſive exiſten' liberis hominibus myſter' Grocer' Civitat' London ac cum eiſdem conjunctim & promiſcuè in unum Corpus corporatum & Communitat' (ut prefertur) fact' & conſtitut' ſive exiſtent' liberis hominibus aliquar' aliar' artium facultatum ſive myſter' in Civitat' London ac cum eiſdem in unum Corpus corporat' Societat' ſive Communitat' antehac per nos ſeu per aliquem vel aliquos Progenitor' noſtrorum fact' incorporat' ſive conſtitut' Quod ipſi & eorum unuſquiſque una cum omnibus & ſingulis eorum Apprenticiis qui ante dat' And their Apprentices. Preſencium coram Cuſtod' myſter' Grocer' predict' ſeu coram Cuſtod' ſive Magiſtris aliquar' aliar' artium facultat' ſive myſter' in Civitat' London alicui Pharmacopoeio ſive aliquibus Pharmacopoeiis poſuerunt ſeipſos Apprenticios tam à predicto Corpore Politico & Communitat' liberor' hominum myſter' Grocer' predict' quàm ab omnibus aliis Corpor' Politicis Communitat' ſive Societat' aliquar' aliar' artium facultat' ſive myſter' in Civitat' London quibuſcunque diſuniantur ſeparentur divellantur disjungantur ac diſſocientur eoſdemque Pharmacopoeios & eorum quemlibet ante nominat' ſive mencionat' una cum omnibus & ſingulis eorum Apprenticiis predict' ex regali noſtra prerogativa & Jure regio diſunimus ſeparamus divellimus disjungimus & Separated from the Grocers, diſſociamus & eoſdem Pharmacopoeios una cum omnibus & ſingulis eorum Apprenticiis predict' virtute harum Literarum noſtrarum Paten' immunes liberos acquietat' exoneratos & penitus exemptos (ad omnia propoſita & intentiones) quàm de & ab omnibus Jurament' Juriſdictionibus Poteſtat' Authoritat' Statut' Ordinationibus Conſtitution' Superviſ' Scrutin' Summonition' Convocationibus Conventionibus Regim' Gubernationibus Ordinationibus Correction' Impoſitionibus Taxation' Collection' denarior' ſolutionibus & Oneribus Finibus amerciament' impriſonament' diſtrictionibus And exempt from all Fines, Amerciaments, &c. from the ſame. penis & penalitat' quibuſcunque Cuſtod' & Communitat' myſter' Grocer' predict' pro tempore exiſten' aut eorum ſucceſſor' quàm alior' quorumcunque Corpor' Politicor' Communitat' ſive Societat' in Civitat' noſtra London & ſucceſſor' ſuorum per preſentes volumus eſſe & remanere deinceps imperpetuum aliquibus Statut' Act' Parliament' Ordination' Proviſionibus Conſuet' Conceſſion' Confirmation' Privileg' Chart' aut Literis Paten' noſtri vel aliquor' Progenitor' noſtrorum Cuſtod' & Communitat' myſter' Grocer' London predict' fact' in contrarium inde non obſtant'. Et ulteriùs de ampliori gra' noſtra ſpeciali & ex certa ſcientia & mero motu noſtris ut ars myſter' ſive facultat' Pharmacopoeie jam diu collapſa & deſpecta meliùs ad amplitudinem dignam promoveatur pro nobis hered' & ſucceſſoribus noſtris concedimus per preſentes prefatis Willielmo Beſſe, Edmundo Phillipps, Laurencio Mansfeild, Thome Colthurſt, Richardo Bacon, Stephano Higgins, Willielmo Compton, Johanni Wolfgangfumler, Lodovico Myreo, Gideoni de Laune, Georgio Sheres, Edvardo de Plewris, Richardo Trout, Willielmo Hutton, Willielmo Clapham, Thome Whitley, Johanni Parkinſon, Radulpho Clayton, Willielmo Gwyn, Humfrido Gravener, Laurencio Lund, Johanni Huett, Nicholao Gibſon, Johanni Slater, Petro Watſon, Willielmo Checkley, Thome Tomlinſon, Danieli Darnelley, Willielmo Clark Sen', Adriano Barton, Willielmo Wells, Richardo Edwards, Richardo Palmer, Willielmo Peck, Joſie Harris, Thome Bullard, Iſraeli Wolfe, Jacobo Colwell, Thome Criſtie, Thome Hicks, Roberto Hudſon, Johanni Sheppard, Richardo Weſton, Thome Fones, Gabrieli Sherife, Johanni Warkhowſe, Johanni Walter, Jacobo Fothergill, Samueli Jones, Thome Bate, Georgio Walſam Senior', Timotheo Read, Lodovico Moreton, Thome Bell Sen', Edvardo Cooke, Roberto Boreman, Tobie Wincks, Johanni Leſted, Johanni Eaſon, Willielmo Shambrooke, Edvardo Taſborough, Leonardo Stone, Johanni Hinſon, Iſaaco Young, Willielmo Nock, Richardo Saulter, Johanni Evans, Willielmo Spencer, Simoni Drew, Jolliff Lownes, Samueli Lenne, Richardo Young, Roberto Vawdry, Jacobo Everett, Petro Howell, Edvardo Clarke Jun', Nicholao Goffe, Franciſco Baldwyn, Johanni Wheeler Jun', Gilberto Johnſon, Richardo Aſhbie, Roberto Elkyn, Johanni Browne, Thome Broome, Richardo Glover, Willielmo Bell Jun', Roberto Hore, Stephano Chaſe, Samueli Moſſe, Philippo Griffeth, Samueli Harriſon, Johanni Morecroft, Jacobo Rand, Johanni Hide, Jacobo Mulſam, Abrahamo Webb, Johanni Taylor, Radulpho Yardley, Thome Ruſhton, Johanni Sares, Georgio Houghton, Rogero Harris, Roberto Mace, Georgio Steward, Richardo Swetſon, Johanni Kellett, Richardo Bragg, Troman' Parkins, Miloni Sparks, Jacobo Tomkins, Richardo Beſſe, Zacharie Waring, Richardo Blackwell, Willielmo Clayton, Willielmo Roberts, Franciſco Unrayne, Richardo Moore, Carolo Munck, Paulo Lovetto, & Samueli Tubman, ac omnibus & ſingulis allis perſonis quibuſcunque in arte myſter' ſive facultat' Pharmacopol' educat' & perit' eandémque artem myſter' ſeu facultatem exercentibus modò exiſten' liberis hominibus myſter' Grocer' predict' aut exiſten' liberis hominibus aliquar' aliarum artium myſter' ſive facultat' in Civitat' London (dummodo in arte & facultate Pharmacopol' educat' & expert' fuerint) quòd ipſi omnéſque hujuſmodi liberi homines ejuſdem artis myſter' ſive facultat' Pharmacopol' de & in Civitat' predict' & in Suburbiis ejuſdem & infra ſeptem miliar' Civitat' predict' ſint & erunt unum Corpus corporatum & Politicum in re facto & nomine per nomen Magiſtr' Cuſtod' & Societat' artis & myſter' Pharmacopol' Civitat' London. Ac eos per nomen By the name of the Maſter, Wardens, &c. made a Body Politick. Magiſtri Cuſtodum & Societatis artis & myſter' Pharmacopol' Civitat' London in unum Corpus corporat' & Politicum in re facto & nomine realiter & ad plenum pro nobis heredibus & ſucceſſor' noſtris erigimus facimus ordinamus conſtituimus creamus & declaramus per preſentes. Et quòd per idem nomen ſucceſſionem habeant perpetuam. Et quòd ipſi & ſucceſſores ſui per nomen Magiſtri Cuſtod' & Societatis artis & myſterii Pharmacopol' Civitat' London ſint & erunt perpetuis futuris temporibus perſone habiles & in lege capaces ac Corpus corporatum & Politicum & in lege capax ad habend' perquirend' poſſidend' gaudend' & Capable to purchaſe Lands, &c. by the ſame name. retinend' Maner' Meſſuagia terras tenementa libertat' privileg' Francheſ' Juriſdiction' & Hereditamenta quecunque cujuſcunque generis nominis natur' qualitat' vel ſpeciei fuerint ſibi & ſucceſſor' ſuis in feodo ſimplici & In Fee-ſimple. perpetuitat' ſive pro termino anni vel annorum aut aliter For term of years, or otherwiſe. quocunque modo Ac eciam bona & Catalla & quaſcunque alias res cujuſcunque nominis nature generis qualitat' ſive ſpeciei fuerint. Necnon ad concedend' dimittend' alienand' aſſignand' & diſponend' Maner' terr' tenementa & hereditamenta & ad omnia & ſingula al' fact' & res faciend' & exequend' per nomen predict'. Et quòd per idem nomen Magiſtri Cuſtod' & Societat' artis & myſter' Pharmacopol' Civitat' London placitare & implacitari reſpondere & reſponderi To ſue and be ſued. defendere & defendi valeant & poſſint in quibuſcunque Curiis Placit' & locis ac coram quibuſcunque Judicibus & Juſticiariis ac aliis perſonis & officiar' noſtris ac heredum & ſucceſſor' noſtrorum in omnibus & ſingulis actionibus placitis ſect' querel' cauſis mater' & demand' quibuſcunque cujuſcunque ſint aut fuerint. erint generis qualitat' ſeu ſpeciei eiſdem modo & forma prout aliqui alii ligei noſtri Anglie perſone habiles & capaces in lege ſive aliquod aliud Corpus corporatum & Politicum infra regnum noſtrum Anglie habere perquirere recipere poſſidere & gaudere retinere dare concedere dimittere alienare aſſignare & diſponere placitare & implacitari reſpondere & reſponderi defendere & defendi facere permittere ſive exequi poſſint aut valeant. Et quòd iidem Magiſter Cuſtod' & Societas artis & myſterii Pharmacopol' Civitat' London predict' habeant To have a Common Seal. imperpetuum Commune Sigillum pro cauſis & negotiis ſuis ac ſucceſſor' ſuor' quibuſcunque agend' deſervitur'. Et quòd bene liceat & licebit eiſdem Magiſtro Cuſtod' & Societat' artis & myſterii Pharmacopol' London predict' & ſucceſſor' ſuis ſigillum illud ad libitum ſuum de tempore in tempus frangere mutare & de novo facere At pleaſure to be broken or altered. prout eis meliùs fieri videbitur. Et ulterius volumus & ordinamus ac per preſentes pro nobis hered' & ſucceſſor' noſtris concedimus prefat' Magiſtro Cuſtod' & Societat' artis & myſter' Pharmacopol' predict' & ſucceſſor' ſuis quod de cetero imperpètuum perpetuis futuris temporibus ſit & erit unus de Societate artis & myſter' Pharmacopol' predict' in forma in hiis preſentibus mencionat' eligend' & nominand' qui nominabitur Power to chooſe a Maſter. & vocabitur Magiſter artis & Societatis predict' Ac quòd ſimiliter ſint & erunt duo de Societate artis & Two myſter' predict' in forma in his preſentibus expreſſ' eligend' & nominand' qui erunt & nominabuntur Cuſtodes artis myſter' & ſocietat' predict'. Ac eciam Wardens, and 21 quod ſimiliter ſint & erunt viginti & unus de Societate predict' in forma in hiis preſentibus inferiùs ſimiliter mencionat' eligend' qui erunt & nominabuntur Aſſiſtentes artis & ſocietatis Pharmacopol' Civitat' London Aſſiſtants. ac de tempore in tempus erunt aſſiſtentes & auxiliantes Magiſtro & Cuſtod' Myſterii & Societat' predict' pro tempore exiſten' in omnibus cauſis rebus & materiis dict' Magr' & Societat' tangen' ſive concernen'. Et ulteriùs volumus ac per preſentes pro nobis hered' & ſucceſſor' noſtris concedimus prefatis Magiſtro Cuſtod' & Societat' artis & myſter' Pharmacopol' Civitat' London predict' & ſucceſſor' ſuis quòd bene liceat & licebit eiſdem Magiſtro Cuſtod' & Societat' & Succeſſor' ſuis habere perquirere retinere & appunctuare quandam Aulam ſive Domum Conciliar' infra Civitat' noſtram To have an Hall or Council-houſe. London Quódque idem Magr' & Cuſtod' myſter' predict' vel aliqui duo eorum quorum Magiſtrum pro tempore exiſten' unum eſſe volumus quoties eis opportunum & neceſſarium fore videbitur convocare & tenere infra eandem Aulam ſive domum quandam Curiam To keep Court, or a Convocation. ſive Convocationem de eiſdem Magiſtro Cuſtod' & Aſſiſtent' predict' ad numerum tredecim perſonarum vel plurium (quorum Magiſtrum & unum Cuſtod' myſter' & ſocietat' predict' pro tempore exiſten' ut prefertur duos eſſe volumus) ad libitum & licitè poſſint & valeant perpetuis futuris temporibus. Quódque in eadem Curia ſive Convocatione tractare referre conſultare conſulere & decernere valeant & poſſint de Statutis To conſult about Statutes, Laws, Articles, &c. Legibus Articulis Ordinationibus & Conſtitutionibus myſter & ſocietat' predict' ac bonum regimen ſtatum & gubernationem eorundem tangen' & concernen' juxta eorum ſanas diſcretiones vel juxta ſanas diſcretiones majoris partis eorundem (quorum Magiſtrum & unum Cuſtod' myſter' & ſocietat' predict' pro tempore exiſten' duos eſſe volumus) ſic ut prefertur congregat'.

Et ulteriùs volumus ac per preſentes pro nobis hered' & ſucceſſor' noſtris concedimus prefat' Magiſtro Cuſtod' & ſocietati artis ſive myſterii Pharmacopol' Civitat' London & Succeſſoribus ſuis quòd Magiſter Cuſtodes & Aſſiſtentes myſter' predict' pro tempore The Maſter, Wardens, &c. being 13 in number, exiſten' ad numerum tredecim perſonarum vel plurium (quorum predict' Magiſtrum pro tempore exiſten' unum eſſe volumus) ſuper Summonitionem publicam inde fiend' ad hoc congregat' in Aula ſive domo ſocietatis predict' habeant & habebunt plenam poteſtatem facultatem & authoritatem condend' conſtituend' ordinand' & faciend' de tempore in tempus Leges Statuta To make Laws Conſtitutiones Decreta & Ordinationes rationabiliter inſcript' quecunque que eis aut majori parti eorundem (quorum Magiſtrum myſter' & ſocietatis predict' pro tempore exiſten' unum eſſe volumus) bona ſalubria utilia honeſta & neceſſaria juxta eorum ſanas diſcretiones fore videbuntur pro bono regimine & gubernatione eorundem Magiſtri Cuſtod' Aſſiſten' & ſocietatis For the Government of the Society. myſter' Pharmacopol' predict' ac omnium & ſingular' aliar' perſonar' artem ſive myſter' Pharmacopol' predict' infra Civitat' London predict' libertates & Suburbia ejuſdem ac infra ſeptem Miliaria ejuſdem Civitat' exercent' & occupant' ac pro declaratione quo modo & ordine iidem Magiſter Cuſtodes & Societas ac omnes & ſinguli Apprenticii Officiar' & Miniſtri myſter' & ſocietat' predict' in officiis functionibus miniſter' Tyrociniis artific' & negotiis ſuis infra Civitat' predict' ac libertates & ſuburbia ejuſdem ac infra ſeptem miliaria ejuſdem Civitat' ſeſe habebunt gerent & utentur pro uberiori bono publico communi utilitate & bono regimine myſter' & ſocietat' predict' ac gubernatione earundem ac rebus & cauſis aliis quibuſcunque myſter' & ſocietat' predict' tangen' ſeu quoquo modo concernen'. PROVISO ſemper quòd pro tot & tal' Ordinationibus In their Orders, concerning Medicines, to adviſe with the Preſident and four Cenſors of the Colledge of Phyſicians. que medicamenta aut compoſitiones & uſum earundem concernent advocabunt de tempore in tempus Preſident' & quatuor Cenſores ſeu Gubernat' Colleg' & Communitat' Medicorum London aut alios Medicos per Preſidentem predict' nominand' pro adviſamento in hac parte. Quódque iidem Magiſter Cuſtodes & Aſſiſtentes myſter' predict' pro tempore exiſten' ad numerum tredecim perſonarum vel plurium (quorum Magiſtrum myſter' predict' pro tempore exiſten' unum eſſe volumus) quotieſcunque hujuſmodi Leges inſtitutiones Jura Ordinationes & Conſtitutiones fecerint condiderint ordinaverint vel ſtabiliverint hujuſmodi & tales penas punitiones & penalitat' per fines To puniſh by Fines and Amerciaments. & amerciamenta vel per eorum utrumque erga & ſuper omnes delinquentes contra hujuſmodi Leges inſtitutiones Jura Ordinationes & Conſtitutiones ſive eorum aliquod ſive aliqua qual' & que eiſdem Magiſtro Cuſtod' & Aſſiſten' myſter' predict' pro tempore exiſten' vel majori parti eorundem (quorum Magiſtrum myſter' & ſocietatis predict' pro tempore exiſten' unum eſſe volumus) neceſſar' requiſit' & opportun' pro obſervatione earum legum ordinationum & conſtitutionum melius fore videbitur facere ordinare limitare & providere poſſint. Ac quòd iidem Magiſter Cuſtodes & ſocietas myſter' predict' & ſucceſſores ſui eadem fines & amerciamenta per miniſtros proprios eorundem Magiſtri Cuſtod' & ſocietatis pro tempore exiſten' per diſcretionem vel aliter ſecundum leges & conſuetudines regni noſtri Anglie levare habere & capere poſſint & valeant ad uſum Magiſtri Cuſtodum & ſocietat' To the uſe of the Maſter, &c. predict' & ſucceſſor' ſuorum abſque impedimento noſtri heredum & ſucceſſor' noſtror' aut alicujus vel aliquorum Officiar' vel Miniſtror' noſtror' heredum vel ſucceſſor' noſtrorum & abſque aliquo computo nobis Without giving account. heredibus vel ſucceſſor' noſtris inde reddend' ſeu faciend'. Que omnia & ſingula Ordinationes Jura & Conſtitutiones ſic (ut prefertur) fiend' obſervari volumus ſub penis in eiſdem continend'. Ita tamen quòd leges conſtitutiones fines & amerciamenta hujuſmodi fint rationabilia & non ſint repugnan' nec contrarian But to be moderate, and not contrary to Law. legibus Statut' conſuetudinibus ſive Juribus regni noſtri Anglie. Et pro meliori executione voluntatis & conceſſionis noſtr' in hac parte aſſignavimus nominavimus creavimus & conſtituimus dilectos nobis predictum Edmund' Phillipps fore & eſſe primum & modern Edm. Phillipps firſt Maſter. Magiſtrum artis ſive myſter' & ſocietat' predict' Ac eciam predict' Stephanum Higgins & Thomam Fones fore & eſſe primos & modernos Cuſtodes myſterii & ſocietatis Stephen Higgins and Tho. Fones firſt Wardens. predict' continuand' in eiſdem officiis à dat' preſentium uſque ad viceſimum diem Auguſti proxim' ſequen' & deinde quouſque tres alii ad officia illa Magiſtri & Cuſtodum artis ſive myſterii & ſocietatis predict' debito modo electi & prefecti fuerint juxta ordinationes & proviſiones in hiis preſentibus expreſſ' & declarat' ſi iidem Edmundus Phillipps, Stephanus Higgins & Thomas Fones tam diu vixerint (niſi interim pro mala gubernatione aut malè ſe gerend' in ea parte aut pro aliqua alia cauſa rationabili ab officiis illis amoti erunt aut eorum aliquis amotus erit) Et aſſignavimus eciam ac nominavimus creavimus conſtituimus & fecimus ac per preſentes pro nobis heredibus & ſucceſſor' noſtris aſſignamus creamus nominamus conſtituimus & facimus dilectos nobis predict' Johannem Wolfgangfumler, Gideonem de Lawne, Lodovicum Firſt Aſſiſtants. Myreum, Richardum Bacon, Thomam Whitley, Johannem Parkinſon, Johannem Huett, Willielmum Checkley, Danielem Darnelley, Willielmum Wells, Adrianum Barton, Joſiam Harris, Thomam Criſtie, Johannem Sheppard, Gabrielem Sherife, Thomam Bullard, Richardum Edwards, Jacobum Colwell, Thomam Hicks, Edvardum Cooke & Johannem Warkhowſe in arte & myſterio Pharmacopol' edoct' educat' & expert' fore & eſſe primos & modernos Aſſiſtentes ejuſdem myſterii & ſocietatis Pharmacopol' continuand' in eiſdem officiis & locis durant' vitis ſuis naturalibus niſi interim pro mala gubernatione ſeu malè ſe gerend' in ea parte aut pro aliqua alia cauſa rationabili amoti fuerint aut eorum aliqui vel aliquis amotus erit vel amoti erunt. Qui quidem Aſſiſtentes myſterii & ſocietat' predict' ſacramenta ſua corporalia coram Franciſco Bacon Milite Attornat' noſtro General', To take an Oath before the Attorney-General, &c. Henrico Yelverton Milite Solicit' noſtro generali, Theodoro de Mayerne & Henrico Atkins in Medicinis Doctoribus & Johanne Towneley. Armigero vel coram duobus eorum Quibus quinque vel eorum duobus plenam poteſtatem & authoritatem ſacramenta predict' Aſſiſten' myſter' predict' dare & adminiſtrare damus & concedimus per preſentes infra quadraginta dies poſt dat' preſentium ad officia ſua predict' benè & fideliter exequend' preſtabunt. Ac eciam predict' Magiſter myſter' predict' & Cuſtodes myſter' & ſocietat' The Maſter and Wardens to be ſworn before the Aſſiſtants. predict' ſacramenta ſua corporalia coram Aſſiſten' myſter' predict' vel majore parte eorundem infra quinquaginta dies poſt dat' preſentium benè & fideliter ad dictum officium Magiſtri & Cuſtod' myſter' & ſocietat' predict' exequend' in omnibus eiſdem Officiis tangen' ſeu concernen' preſtabunt. Et ſic de tempore in tempus toties quoties Magiſter & Cuſtodes Myſter' & Societatis predict' elect' & prefect' fuer' antequam ad executionem predict' Officii admittantur ſeu eorum aliquis admittatur.

Et ulteriùs volumus ac per preſentes pro nobis hered' & ſucceſſor' noſtris concedimus prefat' Magiſtro Cuſtod' & Societati myſterii in arte Pharmacopol' predict' & ſucceſſor' ſuis quòd Magiſter Cuſtodes & Aſſiſtentes Myſterii & Societatis predict' pro tempore exiſten' & ſucceſſor' ſui ad numerum tredecim perſonar' vel plurium (ſi tot convenienter congregari poſſint) de tempore in tempus perpetuis futuris temporibus poteſtatem & authoritatem habeant & habebunt annuatim & quolibet anno imperpetuum in & ſuper viceſimum diem Auguſti vel infra octo dies proxim' poſt dictum viceſimum diem Auguſti eligend' & nominand' Et quòd eligere & nominare poſſint & valeant tres de probioribus & diſcretioribus Power to the Aſſiſtants to chooſe a Maſter and Wardens. hominibus Societatis predict' quorum unus erit Magiſter & alteri duo erunt Cuſtodes Myſterii & Societatis predicte pro uno anno integro tunc proxim' ſequen' & deinde quouſque tres alii probi & diſcreti homines myſter' predict' elect' & prefect' fuerint juxta Ordinationes & Proviſiones in hiis preſentibus expreſſ' & declarat'.

Et ulteriùs volumus ac per preſentes pro nobis heredibus & ſucceſſor' noſtris concedimus prefatis Magiſtro Cuſtod' & Societati Myſter' Pharmacopol' Civitat' London predict' & Succeſſor' ſuis Quòd ſi contigerit Magiſtrum & Cuſtodes Myſter' & Societat' predict' aut eorum aliquos vel aliquem aliquo tempore infra unum annum poſtquam ad Officia Magiſtri & Cuſtod' Myſter' & Societatis predict' ſic ut prefertur elect' & prefect' fuerint aut eorum aliquis vel aliqui fuerit vel fuerint obire aut ab officiis illis amoveri (quos quidem Magiſtrum & Cuſtodes ac eorum quemlibet pro mala gubernatione aut pro aliqua cauſa rationabili per reliquos Magiſt' & Cuſtod' non offenden' vel delinquentes & Aſſiſtentes myſter' & ſocietatis predict' pro tempore exiſten' ad numerum tredecim perſonar' vel plurium de tempore in tempus amobiles eſſe volumus) quòd tunc & toties benè liceat & licebit tantis & tot eorundem Magiſt' Cuſtod' & Aſſiſtent' qui adtunc ſupervixerint vel remanſerint ad numerum tredecim perſonar' vel plurium ad libitum ſuum unum alium vel plures alios in Magiſtrum & Cuſtodem vel Power to chooſe others in caſe of death or removal. Cuſtodes Myſter' & Societatis predict' eligere & preficere ſecundum ordinationem & proviſionem in hiis preſentibus declarat' ad exequend' & exercend' prefat' officia Magiſtri & Cuſtod' myſter' & ſocietatis predict' uſque ad viceſimum diem Auguſti tunc proxim' ſequen' vel infra octo dies ante viceſimum diem Auguſti & exinde quouſque tres alii probi & diſcreti homines myſter' & ſocietatis predict' in officia Magiſtri & Cuſtod' myſter' & ſocietatis predict' elect' & nominat' erunt juxta ordinationes & proviſiones in hiis preſentibus declarat' & expreſſ' & ſic toties quoties caſus ſic acciderit.

Et ulteriùs volumus ac per preſentes pro nobis heredibus & ſucceſſor' noſtris ordinamus & concedimus prefat' Magiſt' Cuſtod' & ſocietati myſterii predicti & ſucceſſor' ſuis quòd quandocunque contigerit aliquem vel aliquos de predict' viginti & uno Aſſiſten' pro tempore exiſten' myſter' & ſocietatis predict' obire aut pro aliqua cauſa rationabili ab officiis ſuis Aſſiſten' myſter' & ſocietatis predict' amoveri (quos quidem Aſſiſtentes & eorum quemlibet ſe non benè gerentes aut gerentem in officiis illis aut pro aliqua alia cauſa rationabili de tempore in tempus per Magiſtrum Cuſtod' & Aſſiſten' ad numerum tredecim perſonar' vel plurium qui adtunc remanſerint vel ſupervixerint amobiles eſſe volumus) ad libitum ſuum de tempore in tempus unum alium vel plures alios de probioribus & dignioribus perſonis exiſten' de myſter' & ſocietat' predict' in locum ſive loca ipſius Aſſiſtentis vel ipſorum To chooſe new Aſſiſtants, Aſſiſtentium myſter' & ſocietatis predict' ſic mori vel amoveri contingen' vel contingent' eligere nominare & preficere ad ſupplend' predictum numerum viginti & unius Aſſiſtentium predict'. Quódque ille ſive illi poſtquam ſic (ut prefertur) elect' & nominat' fuerit vel electi & nominati fuerint antequam ad executionem predict' officii Aſſiſtentis vel Aſſiſtentium myſter' & ſocietat' predict' admittantur ſive eorum aliquis admittatur Sacramentum Corporale ſuper ſacroſanct' Evangel' coram Magiſtro & Cuſtod' myſter' & And ſwear them. ſocietat' predict' pro tempore exiſten' ad officia illa rectè benè fideliter & honeſtè exequend' & ad ea omnia ſecreta tenend' que in Cur' Aſſiſten' preſentia ipſius vel ipſorum erunt communicat' vel colloqunt' preſtabit & preſtabunt & ſic toties quoties caſus acciderit.

Damus inſuper ac per preſentes pro nobis heredibus & ſucceſſor' noſtris concedimus prefatis Magiſtro Cuſtod' & Societat' artis & myſter' Pharmacopolar' predict' & ſucceſſor' ſuis quòd Magiſter & Cuſtodes myſter' & ſocietat' predict' pro tempore exiſten' habeant & habebunt plenam poteſtatem & authoritatem de tempore in tempus ad tradend' & miniſtrand' Sacramentum Corporale ſuper ſacroſanct' Evangelium Power to adminiſter the Oath to the Maſter, Wardens, &c. tam omnibus Magiſtris Cuſtod' & Aſſiſten' myſter' & ſocietat' predict' impoſterum eligend' & in eadem officia ſive loca ut prefertur admittend ac omnibus Officiar' myſter' & ſocietat' predict' pro debit' executione officior' ſuor' rectè benè & fideliter in omnibus ſeparatim officia ſua tangen' ſive concernen' quàm omnibus Apprenticiis ac aliis liberis hominibus myſter' predict' quibuſcunque.

Et ulteriùs ut nos ſubditor' noſtror' ſaluti ac bono publico quantum in nobis eſt conſulamus ac ut pericula & incommoda illa aſſiduè accidentia per imperitos & inexpertos doloſos & improbos homines artem Pharmacopol' predict' exercen' meliùs devitentur volumus & de gratia noſtra ſpeciali certa ſciencia & mero motu noſtris per preſentes pro nobis heredibus & ſucceſſor' noſtris concedimus prefatis Magiſtro Cuſtod' & Societati myſter' Pharmacopol' predict' & ſucceſſor' ſuis quòd non liceat aut licebit deinceps impoſterum alicui perſone vel aliquibus perſonis quibuſcunque jam exiſten' aut impoſterum futuris liberis hominibus myſter' Grocer' predict' aut aliquar' aliar' artium facultat' ſive myſter' in Civitate London ac in eiſdem arte facultate ſive myſter' educat' vel educand' officinam vel ſhopam Pharmacopol' inſtruere tenere vel habere aut No Grocer to keep an Apothecaryes ſhop, medicamenta quecunque facere miſcere condere componere preparare propinare applicare aut adminiſtrare aut ulla medicamenta compoſita aut compoſitiones medicinales viz. aquas diſtillatas compoſitas vel olea chymica, apozemata, ſyrupos, conſervas, eclegmata, electuaria, condita medicinabilia, pilulas, pulveres, trochiſcos, olea, unguenta, emplaſtra ullo modo divendere propalare edere exercere aut venditioni alicui perſonae vel aliquibus perſonis quibuſcunque exponere aut aliter quocunque modo arte facultate ſive myſter' Pharmacopol' aut aliqua ejus parte uti aut exercere infra Civitatem London ac libertat' ejuſdem aut infra ſeptem miliaria ejuſdem Civitat' ſub pena quinque libratum Ʋnder the penalty of 5 l. Per Menſem. pro quolibet menſe quo hujuſmodi perſona ſive perſone artem & myſter' Pharmacopol' (ut prefertur) exerceat aut exerceant contra veram intentionem harum Liter' Paten' Que quidem forisfactur' & penalit' per diſtrictionem vel per actionem debiti in nomine Cuſtodis Junioris pro tempore exiſten' proſequend' aut aliter in aliquibus Curiis noſtris apud Weſtm' de tempore in tempus leventur & recuperentur dimidium inde ad uſum predict' Magiſtri Cuſtod' & Societatis myſter' Pharmacopol' capiend' & applicand'.

Volumus eciam ac per preſentes pro nobis heredibus & ſucceſſoribus noſtris concedimus prefat' Magiſtro Cuſtod' & Societati myſter' Pharmacopol' Civitat' London predict' & ſucceſſor' ſuis quòd nulla perſona ſive perſone quecunque officinam aut ſhopam Pharmacopol' No perſon to keep a Shop, habeat teneat aut inſtruat habeant teneant aut inſtruant aut artem ſive myſter' Pharmacopol' exerceat aut exerceant aut quecunque medicamenta faciat miſceat condat componat preparet propinet applicet adminiſtret aut ulla medicamenta compoſita aut compoſitiones ullo modo divendere propalare edere exercere aut venundare alicui perſone vel aliquibus perſonis quibuſcunque infra Civitatem London & libertat' ejuſdem aut infra ſeptem miliaria ejuſdem Civitat' niſi hujuſmodi Till he have ſerved ſeven years Apprentiſhip. perſona & perſone per ſpatium ſeptem annorum ad minus ut Apprenticius vel Apprenticii cum aliquo vel aliquibus Pharmacopol' eandem artem exercen' & libero homine ejuſdem myſterii exiſten' educat' inſtruct' & No Apprentice to be made free, unleſs allowed by the Preſident, or ſome Phyſician deputed by him, who is to be preſent at his Examination by the Maſter and Wardens. edoct' fuerit vel fuerint. Et poſtquam hujuſmodi ſeptem Anni ſervicii ſive Tyrocinii (ut prefertur) fuerint elapſi & extract' quòd tunc unuſquiſque talis Apprenticius coram Magiſtro & Cuſtod' pro tempore exiſten' appareat & preſentetur Ac per eoſdem Magiſtrum & Cuſtod' (advocat' ſibi Preſident' Collegii ſeu Communitat' facultat' medicine London pro tempore exiſten' aut aliquo medico aut aliquibus medicis per dictum Preſidentem nominand' & ad hoc de tempore in tempus aſſignand' ſi ſuper monitionem inde fact' tal' pred' Medicus vel tal' predicti Medici adeſſe voluerit vel voluerint & adviſament' cum eodem vel eiſdem habit') circa cognitionem & electionem Simplicium & circa medicament' preparationem diſpenſationem tractationem commixtionem & compoſitionem examinetur And be examined. probetur tentetur ac per eoſdem medicos Magiſtrum & Cuſtodes ſpectatus & approbatus fuerit priuſquam officinam Pharmacopol' habere tenere inſtruere aut medicamenta quecunque preparare facere permiſcere condere componere propinare adminiſtrare propalare edere exercere divendere aut venditioni exponere aut aliter quocunque modo artem Pharmacopol' aut aliquam ejuſdem partem exercere infra Civitatem London & libertat' ejuſdem aut infra ſeptem miliaria ejuſdem Civitat' preſumat.

Ac ulteriùs de uberiori gratia noſtra ſpeciali & ex certa ſciencia & mero motu noſtris pro meliori regimine & gubernatione omnium & ſingular' perſonarum que modò exercent aut impoſterum exercebunt artem ſive myſter' Pharmacopol' predict' infra Civitat' London ſeu ſuburbia ejuſdem vel infra ſeptem miliaria ejuſdem Civitatis dedimus & conceſſimus ac per preſentes pro nobis heredibus & ſucceſſoribus noſtris damus & concedimus prefat' Magiſtro Cuſtod' & Societati myſter' Pharmacopol' Civitat' London predict' & ſucceſſor' ſuis Quòd Magiſt' & Cuſtod' myſter' predict' pro tempore exiſten' & ſucceſſores ſui de cetero imperpetuum plenam poteſtatem & authoritatem habeant & habebunt de tempore in tempus capere & habere ſuperviſ' ſcrutinium examinationem gubernationem & correctionem omnium & omnimod' tam liberorum hominum quàm alior' quorumcunque uten' ſive exercen' artem myſter' ſive facultat' Pharmacopol' aut aliquam (ut prefertur) ejuſdem partem del. tam. tam infra dictam Civitat' noſtram London libertat' & ſuburbia ejuſdem Civitat' tam infra libertates quàm extra ubi aliqua perſona uten' ſive exercen' artem myſterium ſive facultatem Pharmacopoeie aut aliquam ejuſdem partem inhabitabit aut commorabit ſeu inhabitare & commorare contigerit. Quódque iidem Magiſt' & Cuſtod' & eorum ſucceſſores aut eor' aliqui vel aliquis aut aliqui Aſſiſten' per Magiſtrum & Cuſtod' nominand' & aſſignand' temporibus congruis & convenien' ac modo & formâ convenien' & legitim' de tempore in tempus quoties eiſdem Magiſtro & Cuſtodibus videbitur expedire ingredi & intrare poſſint & valeant in aliquam vel aliquas officinam vel officinas ſhopam vel ſhopas domum vel domos Power to enter Shops and Houſes▪ aliquar' perſonar' ſive alicujus perſone cujuſcunque uten' ſive exercen' artem ſive myſter' Pharmacopol' aut aliquam ejuſdem partem infra Civitat' London ſuburbia & ejuſdem libertat' predict' aut infra ſeptem miliaria ejuſdem Civitat' tam infra libertat' quàm extra ubi aliqua medicamenta ſimplicia vel compoſita merces drogma recept' aque diſtillat' olea chymica ſyrupi conſerve eclegmata electuar' pilule pulveres trochiſci olea unguenta emplaſtra aut aliqua alia quecunque que ad artem ſive myſterium Pharmacopol' (ut prefertur) pertinent ſive ſpectant probabiliter ſive veriſimiliter inveniri poterint Et ad ſupervidend' ſcrutand' & proband' To ſearch and try Medicines. ſi eadem medicamenta ſimplicia vel compoſita merces drogma recept' aque diſtillat' olea chymica ſyrupi conſerve eclegmata electuaria pilule pulveres trochiſci olea unguenta emplaſtra aut aliqua alia quecunque ad artem ſive myſterium Pharmacopol' predict' pertinent' ſint aut erunt bona ſalubria medicinabilia apta & idonea ad Curam ſalutem & relevamen ſubditor' noſtror' Ac eciam quòd prefat' Magiſt' & Cuſtod' myſter' predict' & Aſſiſten' predict' pro tempore exiſten' ad hoc per Magiſtrum & Cuſtod' nominand' & aſſignand' & ſucceſſores ſui de tempore in tempus plenam poteſtatem & authoritatem habeant & virtute preſentium habebunt ad examinand' & proband' omnes & ſingulas perſonas profiten' uten' ſive exercen' aut qui impoſterum profitebuntur utentur aut exercebunt artem ſive myſter' Pharmacopol' aut aliquam ejuſdem partem infra predict' Civitat' London ſuburbia aut libertates ejuſdem aut infra ſeptem miliaria ejuſdem Civitat' tam infra libertates quàm extra de & concernen' eorum & eorum cujuſlibet cognitione peritia & ſciencia in predict' arte ſive myſter' Pharmacopol' Et ad omnes illos quos impoſter' aut imperit' inſcient' & inſufficientes vel ad examinand' vigore preſentium obſtinatos & repugnant' in arte & myſter' predicto invenient ab exercitio uſu & pract' myſter' ſive artis predict' amovend' & prohibend' Nec non ad omnia & ſingula medicamenta merces drogm' recept' aquas diſtillat' olea chymica ſyrupos conſervas eclegmata electuaria pilulas pulveres trochiſcos olea unguenta & emplaſtra ceteraque omnia & ſingula ad artem predict' pertinentia que falſa illegitima adulterat' And burn all unwholſome and hurtfull Medicines. inveterat' exoleta inſalubria corrupta immedicinabilia pernicioſa aut nociva inveniunt ante delinquentium fores comburend' mulctámque eciam ac al' penas & penalitat' per fines & amerciamenta in tales delinquentes ſtatuant exponant & exequantur ſecundum eorum ſanas diſcretiones & ordinationes per ipſos & ſucceſſores ſuos ſic (ut prefertur) fiend' & conſtituend'.

Volentes ac per preſentes pro nobis heredibus & ſucceſſor' noſtris firmiter injungend' precipientes & mandantes omnibus & ſingulis Majoribus Juſticiar' Ballivis Conſtabular' & omnibus aliis officiar' miniſtris Officers to be aſſiſtant to the Maſter, Wardens, &c. in their ſearch. & ſubditis noſtris quibuſcunque quòd ſint aſſiſtentes auxiliantes & confortantes prefat' Magiſtro Cuſtod' & Aſſiſten' myſter' & ſocietatis Pharmacopol' predict' & eorum cuilibet & ſucceſſor' ſuis ad faciend' gaudend' habend' & exequend' ea omnia & ſingula per nos prefat' Magiſtro Cuſtod' & Societati & Succeſſor' ſuis per has literas noſtras Paten' conceſſ' & quamlibet ſive aliquam inde partem & parcell'.

Et ulteriùs volumus ac per preſentes de ampliori gratia noſtra ſpeciali certa ſciencia & mero motu noſtris pro nobis hered' & ſucceſſor' noſtris concedimus prefat' Magiſtro Cuſtod' & Societati myſter' Pharmacopol' Civitat' London predict' & fucceſſor' ſuis Quòd ipſi prefati Magiſt' Cuſtodes & Societas myſter' Pharmacopol' predict' habeant teneant retineant & gaudeant ac habere retinere & gaudere valeant & poſſint tot tanta talia eadem hujuſmodi & conſimil' Francheſ' privilegia conſuetudines immunitates acquietan' proficua commoditates increment' advantag' & emolumenta quecunque in aromatibus Pharmacis drogmis & aliis rebus & materiis quibuſcunque ad artem ſive myſter' Pharmacopol' ſpectan' & pertinen' emend' mercand' ſeu Power to buy and ſell Drugs, &c▪ comparan' quot quant' qual' & que ac in tam amplis modo & forma prout antehac unquam habuerunt tenuerunt & gaviſi fuerunt aut habere tenere & gaudere aliquo modo debuerunt quando cum predict' liberis hominibus myſter' Grocer' remanſer' ac unum Corpus corporatum & Politicum promiſcuè & indiviſim cum eiſdem fecerunt & fuerunt.

Et ulteriùs volumus ac per preſentes pro nobis heredibus & ſucceſſor' noſtris concedimus & licenciam ſpecialem liberámque & licitam facultat' poteſtatem & authoritatem damus prefat' Magiſtro Cuſtod' & Societati myſterii ſive artis Pharmacopol' predict' & ſucceſſor' ſuis habend' recipiend' & perquirend' ſibi & ſucceſſor' Power to purchaſe Lands, &c. ſuis imperpetuum maner' meſſuag' terr' tenementa prata paſcua paſtur' boſcos ſubboſcos Rectorias Decim' reddit' reverſiones & alia hereditamenta quecunque in fra regnum noſtrum Anglie ſeu alibi infra dominia noſtra tam de nobis heredibus & ſucceſſor' noſtris quàm de aliqua alia perſona ſive aliquibus aliis perſonis quibuſcunque (que de nobis hered' & ſucceſſor' noſtris non tenentur immediatè in Capite vel per ſervicium militare) dummodo eadem maner' Meſſuag' terr' tenementa prat' paſc' paſtur' boſc' ſubboſc' Rector' decim' reddit' reverſion' ſervic' & hereditamenta ſic per ipſos habend' recipiend' & perquirend' non excedant in toto clarum annuum valorem quadragint' librarum per ann' ultra omnia onera & repriſ' Statut' de terr' & tenementis ad manum mortuam non ponend' aut aliquo alio Statuto Actu Ordinatione vel Proviſione antehac fact' ordinat' ſive proviſ' aut aliqua alia re cauſa vel materia quacunque in contrarium inde in aliquo non obſtan'.

Damus eciam & per preſentes pro nobis hered' & ſucceſſor' noſtris concedimus cuicunque ſubdito noſtro ſive aliquibus ſubditis noſtris hered' & ſucceſſor' noſtrorum licenciam ſpecialem liberámque & licitam poteſtatem facultatem & authoritat' Quòd ipſi ſive eorum aliquis ſive aliqui maner' meſſuag' terr' tenementa prat' paſc' paſtur' boſc' ſubboſc' Rect' decim' reddit' reverſiones ſervicia & alia hereditamenta quecunque que non tenentur de nobis hered' & ſucceſſor' noſtris immediatè in Capite vel aliter per ſervic' militare prefatis Magiſtro Cuſtod' & Societati myſterii predict' & ſucceſſor' ſuis dare concedere vendere legare vel alienare Power to ſell. poſſint & valeant Ita quòd omnia predict' Maner' Meſſuag' terr' tenementa prat' paſc' paſtur' boſc' ſubboſc' Rector' decim' reddit' reverſiones ſervicia & alia hereditamenta ſic eiſdem Magiſtro Cuſtod' & Societati myſter' & artis predict' & ſucceſſor' ſuis virtute preſentium dand' concedend' legand' vel alienand' non excedant in toto clarum annuum valorem quadragint' librarum per ann' ultra omnia onera & repriſ' Statut' de terr' & tenement' ad manum mortuam non ponend' aut aliqua alia re cauſa vel materia quacunque antehac habit' fact' edit' ordinat' ſive proviſ' in contrarium inde in aliquo non obſtant'.

Volumus eciam & per preſentes pro nobis hered' & ſucceſſor' noſtris concedimus prefatis Magiſtro Cuſtod' & Societati myſter' ſive artis Pharmacopol' Civitat' London predict' & ſucceſſor' ſuis Quòd prefat' Magiſt' Cuſtod' & Aſſiſten' pro tempore exiſten' vel eorum ſucceſſor' vel major pars eorundem de cetero imperpetuum nominare & eligere poſſint unum probum & idoneum virum qui erit & nominabitur Communis To chooſe a Clerk. Who is alſo to be ſworn. Clericus Societatis predict' Quódque talis Clericus antequam ad officium illud exequend' admittatur Sacramentum Corporale coram Magiſtro & Cuſtod' Societatis predicte pro tempore exiſten' ad officium illud predictum ſecundum ejus ſcienciam in omnibus illud tangen' rectè & fideliter exequend' preſtabit Et quòd poſt hujuſmodi Sacramentum ſic preſtitum officium illud exerceat & utatur durante beneplacito Magiſtri Cuſtod' & Aſſiſten' ſocietatis predict' pro tempore exiſten' aut majoris partis eorundem quorum Magiſt' artis & myſter' predict' pro tempore exiſten' unum eſſe volumus.

Ac ulteriùs volumus ac per preſentes pro nobis hered' & ſucceſſor' noſtris concedimus prefatis Magiſtro Cuſtod' & Societati myſter' Pharmacopol' predict' & ſucceſſor' ſuis quòd prefat' Magiſt' Cuſtodes & Aſſiſtentes pro tempore exiſten' & eorum ſucceſſores vel major pars eorundem de tempore in tempus de cetero nominare & eligere poſſint & valeant unum aptum & idoneum hominem qui erit & nominabitur Bedell' ſocietatis predict' Quódque talis Bedell' ſic (ut Power to chooſe a Beadle, And give him his Oath. prefertur) electus & nominat' antequam ad officium illud exequend' admittatur Sacrament' Corporale coram Magiſtro & Cuſtod' Societatis predict' pro tempore exiſten' ad officium illud predictum in omnibus officium illud tangen' rectè & fideliter exequend' preſtabit Et quòd poſt hujuſmodi Sacramentum ſic preſtitum officium illud exerceat & teneat duran' beneplacito Magiſtri Cuſtod' & Aſſiſten' predict' & ſucceſſor' ſuor' pro tempore exiſtent' (quorum Magiſtrum artis & myſter' predict' pro tempore exiſten' unum eſſe volumus.)

Et denique volumus ac regiam noſtram intentionem eſſe per preſentes declaramus quòd he Litere noſtre Paten' ſeu aliquod in eis content' non cedent in prejudicium Preſidentis & Collegii ſive Communitatis Medicor' A ſaving of the power of the Preſident and Colledge of Phyſicians, and their Authority. Civitat' London nec ad eorum Preſidentis & Collegii ſive Communitatis & Succeſſor' ſuor' Juriſdictionem authoritatem ſuperviſ' aut correctionem in Pharmac' Civitat' London tollend' infringend' aut dirimend' Sed quòd iidem Preſidens & Communitas Medicor' omnéſque & ſinguli medici de eodem Collegio ſive Communitate & Succeſſores ſui ſicut & Medici Regis Regine & Principum impoſterum debeant & pro arbitrio ſuo poſſint artem medicam in omnibus ſuis partibus exercere & inſuper gaudebunt utentur & fruentur & gaudere uti & frui valeant & poſſint eiſdem & conſimil' Juriſdictionibus authoritat' ſuperviſ' & Correctionibus' ac omnibus aliis poteſtatibus privileg' & libertat' qualibus unquam antehac Pharmacopol' uſi & gaviſi fuerunt & preterea generaliter omnibus aliis authoritatibus privilegiis & poteſtatibus ipſis quandocunque vel quacunque de cauſa antehac conceſſ' ratione vel pretextu aliquar' Literar' Paten' per nos ſeu per aliquos vel aliquem progenitor' noſtror' aut ratione vel pretextu alicujus Actus Parliament' vel aliquor' Actuum Parliamentor' aut aliquo alio regali modo quocunque eiſdem Preſident' & Collegio ſive Communitat' Medicor' & Succeſſor' ſuis dat' conceſſ' ſeu confirmat'. Volumus nihilominus & ordinamus per preſentes quòd in quocunque caſu Prefidens & Colleg' Medicor' Civitat' London predict' habuerint ſerutinium medicamentor' advocand' ſibi aliquem de Societate Grocer' vigore Act' Parliamenti quod in eodem & conſimili caſu predict' Preſidens & Colleg' habebunt gaudebunt & exercebunt conſimilem poteſtatem & authoritatem The Colledge to have the ſame power, in their ſearches, to call the Maſter and Wardens of the Apothecaryes Company, as of the Grocers. advocandi ſibi Magiſtrum & Cuſtodes Pharmacopol' predict' Abſque eo quòd omnino licebit impoſterum eiſdem Medicis aliquos myſter' Grocer' predict' advocare ad hujuſmodi ſcrutinium Aliquo in hujuſmodi Statut' in contrarium in aliquo non obſtant'. Proviſo eciam quod he Litere noſtre Patentes ſeu aliquod in eiſdem conceſſ aut content' non cedent in prejudicium Civitat' noſtre London ſeu libertat' ejuſdem nequè ullo modo derogabunt libertat' Francheſ' Regimin' Juriſdiction' aut conſuetud' ejuſdem Civitatis.

Et denique volumus & intentionem noſtram eſſe declaramus quòd Chirurgi experti & approbati eorum artem & facultatem exercere poſſint omnéſque & ſinguli eorum practica ſibi propria uti & frui valeant What Medicines Surgeons may have for their own uſe. quantum ad compoſitionem & applicationem medicamentor' externor' ſolummodo pertinet & ſpectat Ita tamen ut ea medicamenta minimè vendant aut venditioni aliis exponant ſecundum morem vulgarem Pharmacopol' Civitat' noſtre London Eo quòd expreſſa mentio de vero valore annuo aut de certitudine premiſſor' ſive eorum alicujus aut de aliis donis ſive conceſſionibus per nos ſeu per aliquem Progenitor' vel Anteceſſor' noſtror' prefat' Magiſtro Cuſtod' & Societati myſter' Pharmacopol' Civitat' London predict' ante hec tempora fact' in preſentibus minime fact' exiſt' ſeu aliquo Statuto Actu Ordinatione Proviſione Proclamatione ſive Reſtrictione in contrarium inde antehac habit' fact' edit' ordinat' ſeu proviſ' aut aliqua alia re cauſa vel materia quacunque in aliquo non obſtant'. In cujus rei teſtimonium has Literas noſtras fieri fecimus Patentes. Teſte meipſo apud Weſtm' Triceſimo die Maii Anno Regni noſtri Anglie Franc' & Hibernie tertio decimo & Scocie quadrageſimo octavo.

JACOBUS Dei gratia Anglie Scocie Franc' & Hibernie Rex fidei defenſor, &c. Omnibus ad quos preſentes Litere noſtre pervenerint ſalutem. Inſpeximus quoddam Recordum coram nobis habitum in hec verba. SS. Placita coram domino Rege apud Weſtm' Termino Sancti Michaelis Anno regni domini Jacobi nunc Regis Anglie Tertio Rotulo CCCC xxxviij. SS. London SS. Memorand' quòd alias ſcilicet Termino Sancte Trinitat' ultimo preterito coram domino Rege apud Weſtm' ven' Thomas Langton in Medicinis Doctor Preſidens Collegii ſive Communitatis facultatis Medicine London qui tam pro domino Rege quàm pro ſeipſo & Collegio predicto ſequit' per Laurencium Gibſon Attorn' ſuum Et protulit hic in Cur' dicti domini Regis tunc ibidem quandam billam ſuam verſus Edmundum Gardiner in Cuſtod' Marr' &c. de placito debiti Et ſunt pleg' de proſ. ſcilicet Johannes Doo & Richardus Roo. Que quidem billa ſequitur in hec verba. SS. London SS. Thomas Langton in Medicinis Doctor Preſidens Collegii ſive Communitatis facultatis medicine London qui tam pro domino Rege quàm pro ſeipſo & Collegio predicto ſequit' querit' de Edmundo Gardiner in Cuſtod' Marr' Mareſc' domini Regis coram ipſo Rege exiſten' de placito quòd reddat eidem domino Regi ac prefat' Preſiden' & Collegio predict' ſexaginta libras legalis monete Anglie quas eis debet & injuſte detinet pro eo videlicet Quòd cum Dominus Henricus octavus nuper Rex Anglie per Literas ſuas Paten' magno ſigillo ſuo Anglie ſigillat' Cur'-que hic prolat' geren' dat' apud Weſtm' in Com' Midd' viceſimo tertio die Septembris Anno regni ſui decimo pro publico bono hujus regni in debito exercitio facultat' Medicine & bona adminiſtratione medicinar' habend' incorporaſſet & feciſſet de Johanne Chamber Thoma Linacre & Ferdinando de Victoria adtunc Medicis ejuſdem nuper Regis & Nicholao Halſwell Johanne Franciſci & Roberto Yaxley & omnibus aliis viris ejuſdem facultat' tunc de & infra Civitat' London unum Corpus & perpetuam Communitatem ſive Societatem facultat' Medicine Et ad habend' perpetuam ſucceſſionem & commune ſigillum & ad eligend' annuatim unum Preſident' ejuſdem Societatis ſive Communitatis ad ſupervidend' regend' & gubernand' eandem Societatem ſive Communitat' & omnes homines ejuſdem facultatis cum diverſis aliis privileg' & aliis rebus per predictum nuper Regem eis conceſſ' pro republica hujus regni prout in predictis Literis Paten' plenius continetur Quar' tenor ſequitur in hec verba. SS. Henricus Dei gratia Rex Anglie & Franc' & Dominus Hibernie Omnibus ad quos preſentes Litere pervenerint ſalutem. Cum regii officii noſtri munus arbitremur ditionis noſtrae ditione noſtra hominum felicitat' omni ratione conſulere id autem vel imprimis fore ſi improbor' conatibus tempeſtivè occurramus apprimè neceſſarium duximus improbor' quoque hominum qui Medicinam magis avaritie ſue cauſa quàm ullius bone conſciencie fiducia profitebuntur profetibuntur unde rudi & credule plebi plurima incommoda oriantur audaciam compeſcere Itaque partim benè inſtitutar' Civitatum in Italia & multis aliis nationibus exemplum imitat' partim gravium viror' Doct' Johannis Chamber Thome Linacre Ferdinandi de Victoria medicor' noſtror' Nicholai Halſwell Johannis Franciſci & Roberti Yaxley medicor' ac precipuè reverendiſſimi in Chriſto Patris ac Domini Thome tituli Sancte Cecilie trans Tiberim Sacroſancte Romane Eccleſie Presbyteri Cardinalis Eboracen' Archiepiſcopi & regni noſtri Anglie Cancellarii chariſſimi precibus inclinat' Collegium perpetuum doctor' & gravium Viror' qui medicinam in urbe noſtra London & Suburbiis Suburbibus intra ſeptem Mill' paſſuum ab ea urbe quaquaverſus publice exerceant inſtitui volumus atque imperamus quibus tum ſui honoris tum publice utilitatis nomine cure ut ſperamus erit malicioſor' quor' meminimus inſcitiam temeritatémque tam exemplo gravitat'que ſua deterrere quàm per leges noſtras nuper edit' ac per conſtitutiones per idem Collegium condend' punire Que quo facilius ritè peragi poſſint memoratis Doctoribus Johanni Chamber Thome Linacre Ferdinando de Victoria Medicis noſtris Nicholao Halſwell Johanni Franciſci & Roberto Yaxley medicis medicinis Conceſſimus quòd ipſi omnéſque homines ejuſdem facultat' de & in Civitate predicta ſint in re & nomine unum Corpus & Communitas perpetua ſive Collegium perpetuum Et quòd eadem Communitas ſive Collegium ſingulis annis imperpetuum eligere poſſint & facere de Communitate illa aliquem providum virum & i • facultate medicine expertum in Preſidentem ejuſdem Collegii ſive Communitat' ad ſupervidend' recognoſcend' & gubernand' pro Anno illo Collegium ſive Communitatem predictam & omnes homines ejuſdem facultatis & negotia eor'dem. Et quòd idem Preſidens & Collegium ſive Communitas habeant ſucceſſionem perpetuam & commune ſigillum negociis dict' Communitat' & Preſiden' imperpetuum ſervitur' Et quòd ipſi & ſucceſſores ſui imperpetuum ſint perſone habiles & capaces ad perquirend' & poſſidend' in feodo & perpetuitate terr' & tenementa reddit' & al' poſſeſſiones quaſcunque. Conceſſimus etiam eis & ſucceſſoribus ſuis pro nobis & heredibus noſtris quòd ipſi & ſucceſſores ſui poſſint perquirere ſibi & ſucceſſoribus ſuis tam in dicta urbe quàm extra terras & tenementa quecunque annuum valorem duodecim librar' non exceden' Statuto de alienatione ad manum mortuam non obſtan'. Et quòd ipſi per nomina Preſidentis Collegii ſive Communitat' facultatis Medicine London placitare & implacitari poſſint coram quibuſcunque Judicibus in Curiis & actionibus quibuſcunque. Et quòd predict' Preſidens & Collegium ſive Communitas & eor' ſucceſſores congregationes licitas & honeſtas de ſeipſis ac Statuta & Ordinationes pro ſalubri gubernatione ſuperviſu & correctione Collegii ſive Communitatis predicte & omnium hominum eandem facultat' in dicta Civitate ſeu per ſeptem Milliaria in circuitu ejuſdem Civitat' exercen' ſecundum neceſſitat' exigenc' quoties & quando opus fuerit facere valeant licitè & impunè ſine impedimento noſtri heredum vel ſucceſſor' noſtror' Juſtic' Eſchaetor' Vic' & alior' Ballivor' ſeu Miniſtror' noſtror' heredum vel ſucceſſor' noſtror' quor'cunque. Conceſſimus eciam eiſdem Preſident' & Collegio ſeu Communitati & Succeſſoribus ſuis quòd nemo in dicta Civitate aut per ſeptem milliar' in circuitu ejuſdem exerceat dictam facultatem niſi ad hoc per dict' Preſident' & Communitatem ſeu Succeſſores eor' qui pro tempore fuerint admiſſus ſit per ejuſdem Preſiden' & Collegii Literas Sigillo ſuo communi figillat' ſub pena centum ſolidor' pro quolibet menſe quo non admiſſus eandem facultatem exercuerit dimid' inde nobis & heredibus noſtris & dimid' dict' Preſiden' & Collegio applicand'. Preterea volumus & concedimus pro nobis & ſucceſſoribus noſtris quantum in nobis eſt quòd per Preſident' & Collegium dicte Communitatis pro tempore exiſten' & eor' ſucceſſores imperpetuum quatuor ſingulis annis per ipſos eligantur qui habeant ſuperviſum ſcrutinium correctionem & gubernationem omnium & ſingulor' dicte Civitat' Medicor' utentium facultate medicine in eadem Civitate ac alior' Medicor' forinſecor' quorumcunque facultatem illam Medicine aliquo modo frequentan' & uten' infra eandem Civitat' & Suburb' ejuſdem ſive infra ſeptem mill' in circuitu ejuſdem Civitat' ac punitionem eorundem pro delict' ſuis in non benè exequen' faciend' & utend' ill'. Nec non ſuperviſum & ſcrutinium omnimodar' medicinar' & ear' recept' per dictos medicos ſeu aliquem eor' hujuſmod' ligeis noſtris pro eor' infirmitatibus curand' & ſanand' dand' imponend' & utend' quoties & quando opus fuerit pro commodo & utilitate eorundem ligeor' noſtror' Ita quòd punitio hujuſmodi medicor' uten' dict' facultat' medicine ſic in premiſſis delinquen' per fines amerciament' & impriſonament' corpor' ſuor' & per alias vias rationabiles & congruas exequatur. Volumus eciam & concedimus pro nobis heredibus & ſucceſſoribus noſtris quantum in nobis eſt quod nec Preſidens nec aliquis de Collegio predicto medicor' nec ſucceſſor' ſui nec eor' aliquis exercen' facultat' ill' quoquo modo in futur' infra Civitatem noſtram predict' & ſuburb' ejuſdem ſeu alibi ſummoneantur aut ponantur nec eor' aliquis ſummoneatur aut ponatur in aliquibus Aſſiſis Jurat' Inqueſt' Inquiſitionibus Attinct' & aliis recognitionibus infra dictam Civitat' & Suburb' ejuſdem impoſterum coram Majore aut Vic' ſeu Coronat' dicte Civitatis noſtre pro tempore exiſten' capiend' aut per aliquem Officiar' ſeu Miniſtr' ſuum vel Officiarios ſive Miniſtros ſuos ſummonend' licet iidem Jur' Inquiſitiones ſeu recognitiones ſummon' fuerint ſuper brevi vel brevibus noſtri vel heredum noſtror' de rect' Sed quòd dicti Magiſtri ſive Gubernatores ac Communitas facultat' antedicte & ſucceſſores ſui & eor' quilibet dictam facultat' exercen' verſus nos heredes & ſucceſſores noſtros ac verſus Majorem ac Vic' Civitat' predicte pro tempore exiften' & quoſcunque Officiar' & Miniſtros ſuos ſint inde quiet' & penitus exonerat' imperpetuum per preſentes Proviſo quòd Litere noſtre ſeu aliquid in eis content' non cedent in prejudicium Civitat' noſtre London ſeu libertat' ejuſdem Et hoc abſque fine ſeu feodo pro premiſſis ſeu ſigillatione preſentium nobis faciend' ſolvend' ſeu aliqualit' reddend' Aliquo Statuto Ordinatione vel Actu in contrarium ante hec tempora fact' edit' ordinat' ſeu proviſis in aliquò non obſtan'. In cujus rei teſtimonium has Literas noſtras fieri fecimus Patentes. Teſte meipſo apud Weſtm' viceſimo tertio die Septembris Anno regni noſtri decimo. Cumque eciam in Statuto in Parliament' dicti nuper regis Henrici octavi tent' apud London decimo quinto die Aprilis Anno regni ſui quartodecimo & abinde adjornat' uſque Weſtm' in Com' Midd' ultimo die Julii Anno regni dicti nuper Regis quintodecimo & tunc & ibidem tent' inactitat' fuit quòd predicta Corporatio predicte Communitat' & Societat' facultat' Medicine predict' Et omnia & ſingula conceſſio articul' & al' res content' & ſpec' in predictis Literis Paten' forent approbat' conceſſ' ratificat' & confirmat' & clarè authorizat' & admiſſ' bona legitima & valida Anglice avayleable prefat' Corpori incorporat' & eor' ſucceſſoribus imperpetuum in tam amplo & largo modo quàm poſſet capi putari & conſtrui pro eadem prout in eodem Statuto int' alia plenius continetur. Predictus tamen Edmundus Gardiner qui ad dictam facultat' exercend' per Preſidentem & Communitatem facultatis medicine London predict' per literas Preſident' & Collegii predicti ſigillo ſuo communi ſigillat' non admiſſus eſt nec unquam ante hec admiſſus fuit Statutum predictum minime ponderans nec penam in predictis Literis Paten' content' verens dictam facultatem medicine per ſpacium duodecim menſium jam ult' elapſ. & prox' preceden' ante diem impetrationis hujus bille ſcilicet ultimum diem Maii Anno regni domini Jacobi nunc Regis Anglie Tertio in Civitate London predicta videlicet in parochia beate Marie de Arcubus in Warda de Cheape London exercuit & adhuc exercet contra formam Literar' Paten' predictar' & Statut' predict' per quod actio accrevit eidem Preſidenti qui tam, &c. ad exigend' & habend' de prefato Edmundo Gardiner pro predicto domino Rege nunc & eidem Preſidenti & Collegio predicto predictas ſexaginta libras videlicet pro quolibet menſe predictor' duodecim menſium Centum ſolidos. Predictus tamen Edmundus licet ſepius requiſit', &c. predictas ſexaginta libras prefat' domino Regi & eidem Preſidenti & Collegio predicto ſeu eor' alteri nondum ſolvit ſed illas ill' ei hucuſque ſolvere omnino contradixit & adhuc contradic' ad dampnum ipſius Preſidentis qui tam, &c. quadraginta librar' & inde tam pro eodem domino Rege quam pro eodem Preſidente & Collegio predicto produc' ſectam, &c. Et modo ad hunc diem ſcilicet diem Mercurii prox' poſt octabas ſancti Michaelis iſto eodem Termino uſque quem diem predictus Edmundus Gardiner habuit licenc' ad billam predictam interloquendi & tunc ad reſpondend', &c. Coram domino Rege apud Weſtm' ven' tam predictus Preſidens qui tam, &c. per Attorn' ſuum predictum quam predictus Edmundus Gardiner per Willielmum Stampe Attorn' ſuum Et idem Edmundus defend' vim & injur' quando, &c. Et dic' quòd predict' Preſiden' & Collegium qui tam, &c. Actionem ſuam predictam inde verſus eum habere ſeu manutenere non debet Quia dic' quod per quendam Actum in Parliamento dicti domini Henrici nuper nunc Regis Anglie octavi apud Weſtm' predictam in dicto Com' Midd' Anno regni ſui Triceſimo quarto & Triceſimo quinto tent' edit' recitando in eodem Actu Cum in Parliament' tent' apud Weſtm' in Anno tertio regni dicti nuper Regis Henrici octavi int' alia pro evacuatione incantamentor' magie & al' inconvenienciar' inactitat' fuiſſet quod nulla perſona infra Civitatem London nec infra ſeptem milliar' ejuſdem ſuſciperet ſuper ſe exercere & occupare tanquam Medicus vel Chirurgus niſi ipſe primo examinat' approbat' & admiſſus foret per Epiſcop' London & al' ſub & ſuper certis penis & penalitatibus in eodem Actu mentionat'. Poſt confectionem cujus quidem Actus Communitas & Societas Chirurgor' London intenden' tanquam ſua propria lucra & nichil proficuum vel eaſiament' egrotor' vel Patientium ſectaſſent tribulaſſent & vexaſſent diverſas honeſtas perſonas tam viros quam mulieres quos Deus ornaret anglice had endued indue cum cognitione nature generis & operationis certar' herbar' radicum & aquar' & uſus & miniſtrationis earundem talibus qui fuerunt tent' anglice payned cum conſuet' morbis prout pectoribus mulier' exiſten' ulcerat' morbo morbos voc' a Pynne & Webbe in oculo morbo voc' uncomes manuum lez Scaldynges Combuſtionibus ulcerat' oribus calculo Stranguria morbo vocat' Saucelym & vitiligine & talibus conſimilibus morbis. Et tamen predicte perſone non cepiſſent aliquid pro labore vel cognitione ſuis ſed miniſtraſſent eoſdem pauperi populo ſolummodo pro vicinagio & Dei cauſa ac pro pietate & charitate. Et tunc bene cognit' fuit quod Chirurgi admiſſi facerent nullam curam alicui perſone niſi ubi ipſi cognoſcerent fore remunerati cum majore ſumma vel munere quam cura extenderet quo qua in caſu ſi ipſi miniſtrare vellent cognitionem ſuam egroto populo minime remunerati tam multi non putrifierent & perirent ad mortem pro defectu auxilii Chirurgie prout quotidie fecerunt Sed magna pars Chirurgor' admiſſor' fuerunt multo magis culpari quam tal' perſone quas ipſi tribulabant Licet enim major pars perſonar' predicti myſterii Chirurgor' habuerunt parvam noticiam tamen ipſi vellent capere magnas pecunie ſummas & fac' parvum proinde Et ratione inde ipſi ſepius deteriorabant & ledebant ledabant patient' ſuos potius quam facere eis aliquod bonum. In conſideratione cujus ac pro aiſiamento ſolatio levamine auxilio relevio & ſanitate pauperum ſubditor' dicti nuper Regis Henrici octavi inhabitantium hujus regni ſui tunc detent' anglice payned & morboſ. aut qui extunc impoſterum forent detent' & morboſi int' al' inactitat' & ſtabilit' fuit authoritate ejuſdem Parliamenti tent' in predictis annis triceſimo quarto & triceſimo quinto dicti nuper Regis Henrici octavi quod ad omnia tempora extunc impoſterum licitum foret cuilibet perſone exiſten' ſubdit' dicti nuper Regis habenti cognitionem & experienc' nature herbar' & radicum & aquar' aut operationis eorundem per ſpeculationem ſive practizationem infra aliquam partem hujus regni Anglie aut infra aliquod dominior' dicti nuper Regis practizari uti & miniſtrare in & ad aliquam exteriorem penam anglice Sore le uncome vulnus apoſtemationes exteriorem intumationem vel morbum aliquam herbam vel herbas unguentum lavacra lez pultes & emplaſtra ſecundum noticiam experienc' & cognitionem in aliquo morbor' penar' & lez maladies pred' & omnibus aliis eis conſimilibus aut potiones de Calculo & Stranguria vel febribus abſque ſect' vexatione tribulatione penalitate vel perditione bonor' ſuor' Statuto predicto in dicto Anno tertio regni dicti nuper Regis Henrici octavi aut aliquo alio Actu Ordinatione vel Statuto in contrarium inde ante tunc fact' in aliquo modo non obſtan' prout per eundem Actum factum in Annis triceſimo quarto & triceſimo quinto ſupradictis int' alia plenius apparet. Quor' pretextu idem Edmundus exiſtens ſubdit' dicti domini Regis nunc natus infra hoc regnum Anglie videlicet apud London videlicet in Parochia beate Marie de Arcubus in Warda de Cheape London ac habens cognitionem & experienciam nature herbar' radicum & aquar' ac operationis eorundem per tempus predictum in narratione predicta ſuperius ſpec' apud London predictam in Parochia & Warda predictis practizabat uſus fuit & miniſtrabat in & ad diverſas exteriores penas les uncomes vulnera impoſtumationes exteriores intumationes & morbos diverſ. herbam & herbas ungent' lavacra lez pulteſſes & emplaſtra ac potiones de Calculo & Stranguria & febribus ſecundum cognitionem experienciam & noticiam ſuas in morbis penis & lez maladyes predict' ſecundum formam & effectum predicti Actus edit' in Annis triceſimo quarto & triceſimo quinto ſupradictis. Abſque hoc quod idem Edmundus dictam facultatem medicine infra Civitatem London predictam alit' ſeu alio modo exercuit ſeu exercet prout predictus Preſidens & Collegium qui tam, &c. per narrationem ſuam predictam ſuperius verſus eum queritur Et hoc parat' eſt verificare unde pet' judicium ſi predict' Preſidens & Collegium qui tam, &c. actionem ſuam predictam inde verſus eum habere ſeu manutenere debeat, &c. Et predictus Thomas Langton qui tam, &c. dic' quod ipſe per aliqua per predictum Edmundum Gardiner ſuperius placitando allegat' ab actione ſua predicta verſus ipſum Edm' habend' precludi non debet. Quia dic' quod per quendam Actum in Parliamento domine Marie nuper Regine Anglie tent' per prorogationem apud Weſtm' in Com' Midd' viceſimo quarto die Octobris Anno regni ipſius nuper Regine primo & ibidem continuat' uſque ſextum diem menſis Decembris extunc prox' ſequen' recitan' Quod cum in dicto Parliamento tent' apud London dicto decimo quinto die Aprilis Anno decimo quarto regni dicti Regis Henrici octavi & inde adjornat' uſque ad Weſtm' predict' ultimo die Julii in Anno decimo quinto regni ejuſdem Regis & adtunc tent' inactitat' exiſtit quod dicta conceſſio Corporationis per Literas Patent' fact' & conceſſ. per eundem nuper Regem medicis London & omnes Clauſul' & Articul' content' in eadem conceſſione eſſent approbat' conceſſ. ratificat' & confirmat' per idem Parliamentum pro conſideratione inde ſtabilit' exiſtit in dicto Parliamento dicte nuper Regine Marie quod Statutum illud ſive Actus Parliamenti cum quolibet Articulo & Clauſula in eodem content' extunc deinceps ſtaret & continuaret ſemper in plenis robore vigore & effectu aliquo Actu Statuto Lege conſuetudine vel aliqua alia re fact' habita vel uſa in contrarium in aliquo non obſtan' prout per idem ſtatutum Anno regni dicte nuper Regine Marie primo ſupradicto edit' plenius liquet. Et hoc parat' eſt verificare. Unde ex quo predictus Edmundus practiciam & exercitium predicte facultatis Medicine ſuperius cogn' idem Thomas Langton qui tam, &c. pet' judicium & debitum predictum tam dicto domino Regi quam eidem Thome & Collegio predicto una cum dampnis ſuis occaſione detentionis debiti illius ſibi adjudicari, &c. Et predictus Edmundus Gardiner dic' quod placitum predictum per predictum Thomam Langton modo & forma predictis ſuperius replicando placitat' materiaque in eodem content' minus ſufficien' in lege exiſtunt ad actionem predicti Thome Langton predictam verſus ipſum Edm' Gardiner habend' manutenend' ad quod idem Edmundus Gardiner neceſſe non habet nec per legem t're tenetur aliquo modo reſpondere. Unde pro defectu ſufficien' replicationis in hac parte idem Edmundus Gardiner ut prius pet' Judicium Et quod predictus Thomas Langton ab actione ſua predicta verſus ipſum Edm' Gardiner habend' precludatur, &c. Et predictus Thomas Langton qui tam, &c. dic' quod placitum predictum per ipſum Thomam modo & forma predictis ſuperius replicando placitat' materiaque in eodem content' bona & ſufficien' in lege exiſtunt ad actionem ipſius Thome Langton predictam verſus predictum Edm' Gardiner habend' manutenend' Quod quidem placitum materiamque in eodem content' idem Thomas Langton parat' eſt verificare & probare prout Cur', &c. Et quia predictus Edmundus Gardiner ad placitum illud non reſpond' nec ill' hucuſque aliqualiter dedic' idem Thomas Langton ut prius pet' Judicium & debitum predictum tam dicto domino Regi quam eidem Thome & Collegio predicto una cum dampnis ſuis predictis occaſione detentionis debiti illius ſibi adjudicari, &c. Et quia Cur' domini Regis hic de Judicio ſuo de & ſuper premiſſis reddend' nondum adviſatur dies inde dat' eſt partibus predictis coram domino Rege apud Weſtm' uſque diem Jovis prox' poſt octabas ſancti Hillarii de Judicio ſuo de & ſuper premiſſis audiendo, &c. eo quod Cur' domini Regis hic inde nondum, &c. Ad quem diem coram domino Rege apud Weſtm' ven' partes predicte per Attornat' ſuos predictos. Et quia Cur' domini Regis hic de Judicio ſuo de & ſuper premiſſis predictis reddend' nondum adviſatur dies ulterius inde dat' eſt partibus predictis coram domino Rege apud Weſtm' uſque diem Mercurii prox' poſt xviij Paſche de Judicio inde audiend', &c. eo quod Cur' domini Regis hic inde nondum, &c. Ad quem diem coram domino Rege apud Weſtm' ven' partes predicte per Attorn' ſuos predictos. Et quia Cur' domini Regis hic de Judicio ſuo de & ſuper premiſſis predictis reddend' nondum adviſatur dies ulterius inde dat' eſt partibus predictis coram domino Rege apud Weſtm' uſque diem Veneris prox' poſt Craſtinum Sancte Trinitat' extunc prox' ſequen' de Judicio inde audiendo eo quod Cur' domini Regis hic inde nondum, &c. Ad quem diem coram domino Rege apud Weſtm' ven' partes predicte per Attorn' ſuos predictos Super quo viſis & per Cur' domini Regis hic plenius intellectis omnibus & ſingulis premiſſis maturaque deliberatione inde habita pro eo quod videtur Cur' domini Regis hic quod placitum predictum per predictum Thomam Langton qui tam, &c. ſuperius replicando placitat' materiaque in eodem content' bon' & ſufficien' in lege exiſtit ad actionem ipſius Thome Langton qui tam, &c. verſus predictum Edm' habend' manutenend'. Ideo conſ. eſt quod predictus Thomas Langton qui tam, &c. recuperet verſus prefat' Edm' debitum predictum Unde dominus Rex habeat unam medietatem Et predictus Thomas Langton qui tam, &c. & Collegium predictum habeant alteram medietatem juxta formam Literar' Paten' predictar' & Statut' predict'. Quodque idem Thomas Langton qui tam, &c. recuperet verſus predictum Edm' ſex libras treſdecim ſolidos & quatuor denarios pro dampnis ſuis que ſuſtinuit tam occaſione detentionis debiti predicti quam pro miſ. & cuſtagiis ſuis per ipſum circa ſectam ſuam in hac parte appoſit' eidem Thome Langton qui tam, &c. per Cur' domini Regis hic ex aſſenſu ſuo adjudicat'. Et predictus Edmundus in miſericord', &c. Poſtea ſcilicet die Sabbati prox' poſt octab' Sancti Martini Anno regni domini Jacobi nunc Regis Anglie ſexto coram eodem domino Rege apud Weſtm' ven' predictus Preſidens per Attorn' ſuum predictum Et cogn' ſe eſſe ſatisfactum per predictum Edm' Gardiner de tota parte ſua debiti predicti & de dampnis predictis que ad ipſum Preſident' pertinet Ideo ipſe idem Edmundus de tota parte ill' & de dampnis illis ſit quiet', &c. Quod quidem Recordum coram nob' ſic habitum duximus exemplificand'. In cujus rei teſtimonium has Literas noſtras fieri fecimus Patentes. Teſte Thoma Flemynge apud Weſtm' undecimo die Februarii Anno regni noſtri Anglie Franc' & Hibernie ſexto Et Scotie quadrageſimo ſecundo.

DEBT upon the Statute 14 H. 8. cap. 5. by the Plaintiff, as Preſident of the Colledge of Phyſicians in London, and of the Corporation of Phyſicians there: For that the Defendant uſed the Art of Phyſick in London, without Licence from the Colledge there, againſt the Statute and their Charter: For which he demanded 5 l. for every month, being the penalty given by the Statute. The Defendant pleaded the Statute of 34 H. 8. which enables every one to practiſe Phyſick or Surgery, being skilfull therein, notwithſtanding any Act to the contrary. The Plaintiff replies, and ſhews the Statute Primo Mar. cap. 9. which confirms their Charter, and every Article thereof to ſtand in force; any Act, Statute, Law or Cuſtome to the contrary notwithſtanding. Hereupon the Defendant demurred; Firſt, becauſe this general clauſe in this Law doth not reſtrain the Statute of 34 H. 8. Secondly, that this pleading is a departure: For it ought to have been ſhewn before. Stephens argued for the Plaintiff. Firſt, That the Act of 34 H. 8. is repealed by the Statute of prim. Mar. quoad the Colledge of Phyſicians in London, as fully as if it had been by expreſs words recited and repealed: For when it confirms the Charter of 14 H. 8. and appoints, that it, and every part thereof ſhall ſtand, and be avayleable; the Statute of 34 H. 8. cannot ſtand with it; Quia leges poſteriores leges priores contrarias abrogant, 4 Ed. 4. Porter's Caſe, Co. 1. fol. 25. Secondly, that it is not any departure, Becauſe there is not any new matter: but matter pleaded in reviving of the former, or fortification thereof: And a Record was ſhewn, Mich. 10 and 11 Eliz. betwixt Bomelins and—where the Record was in the ſame manner as this Record is; And there the Plaintiff had Iudgment: Wherefore, &c. And there being none on the Defendants parts to argue, The Court upon hearing of the Record, gave rule, That Iudgment ſhould be entred for the Plaintiff, unleſs, &c.

JACOBUS dei gratia Anglie Scotie Franc' & Hibernie Rex fidei defenſor, &c. Omnibus ad quos preſentes Litere noſtre pervenerint ſalutem. Inſpeximus quoddam Recordum coram nobis habitum in hec verba. SS. Placita coram domino Rege apud Weſtm' Termino Sancti Michaelis Anno regni domini Jacobi nunc Regis Anglie Quinto Rotulo CC lxxxxix. SS. London SS. Memorand' quòd alias ſcilicet Termino Sancte Trinitat' ultimo preterito coram domino Rege apud Weſtm' ven' Preſidens Collegii ſive Communitat' facultat' Medicine London qui tam, &c. pro domino Rege quàm pro eodem Preſidente & Collegio predicto ſequitur per Laurencium Gibſon Attorn' ſuum Et protulit hic in Cur' dicti domini Regis tunc ibidem quandam billam ſuam verſus Thomam Bonnam in Cuſtod' Marr' &c. de placito debiti Et ſunt pleg' de proſ. ſcilicet Johannes Doo & Richardus Roo. Que quidem billa ſequitur in hec verba. SS. London SS. Preſidens Collegii ſeu Communitat' facultat' Medicine London, &c. qui tam pro domino Rege quàm pro eodem Preſidente & Collegio predicto ſequitur queritur de Thoma Bonnam in Cuſtod' Marr' Mareſc. domini Regis coram ipſo Rege exiſten' de placito quòd reddat eidem domino Regi & prefat' Preſident' & Collegio predicto ſexaginta libras legalis monete Anglie quas eis debet & injuſte detinet pro eo videlicet Quòd cum Dominus Henricus octavus nuper Rex Anglie per Literas ſuas Patentes magno ſigillo ſuo Anglie ſigillat' Cur'que hic prolat' geren' dat' apud Weſtm' in Com' Midd' viceſimo tertio die Septembris Anno regni ſui decimo pro publico bono hujus regni in debito exercitio facultat' Medicine & bona adminiſtratione medicinar' habend' incorporaſſet & feciſſet de Johanne Chamber Thoma Linacre & Ferdinando de Victoria adtunc Medicis ejuſdem nuper Regis & Nicholao Halſwell Johanne Franciſci & Roberto Yaxley & omnibus aliis viris ejuſdem facultatis tunc de & infra Civitat' London unum Corpus & perpetuam Communitatem ſive Societatem facultat' Medicine Et ad habend' perpetuam ſucceſſionem & commune ſigillum & ad eligend' annuatim unum Preſident' ejuſdem Societatis ſive Communitatis ad ſupervidend' regend' & gubernand' eandem Societatem ſive Communitatem & omnes homines ejuſdem facultatis cum diverſis aliis privilegiis & aliis rebus per predictum Regem eis conceſſ' pro republica hujus regni prout in predictis Literis Paten' plenius continetur Quar' tenor ſequitur in hec verba. SS. Henricus Dei gratia Rex Anglie & Franc' & Dominus Hibernie Omnibus ad quos preſentes Litere pervenerint ſalutem. Cum regii officii noſtri munus arbitremur ditionis. ditioni noſtre hominum felicitat' omni ratione conſulere id autem vel imprimis fore ſi improbor' conatibus tempeſtivè occurramus apprimè neceſſarium duximus improbor' quoque hominum qui Medicinam magis avaritie ſue cauſa quàm ullius bone conſciencie fiducia profitebuntur unde rudi & credule plebi plurima incommoda oriantur audaciam compeſcere Itaque partim benè inſtitutar' Civitat' in Italia & multis aliis nationibus exemplum imitat' partim gravium graviorum viror' Doct' Johannis Chamber Thome Linacre Ferdinandi de Victoria medicor' noſtror' Nicholai, Halſwell Johannis Franciſci & Roberti Yaxley medicor' ac precipuè reverendiſſimi in Chriſto Patris ac Domini D. Thome tituli Sancte Cecilie trans Tiberim Sacroſancte Romane Eccleſie Presbyteri Cardinalis Eboracen' Archiepiſcopi & regni noſtri Anglie Cancellarii chariſſimi precibus inclinat' Collegium perpetuum doctor' & gravium Viror' qui medicinam in urbe noſtra London & Suburbiis intraque ſeptem Mill' paſſuum ab ea urbe quaquaverſus publicè exerceant inſtitui volumus atque imperamus Quibus tum ſui honoris tum publice utilitatis nomine cure ut ſperamus erit malicioſor' quor' meminimus inſcitiam temeritatémque tam exemplo gravitatéque ſua deterrere quàm per leges noſtras nuper edit' ac per conſtitutiones per idem Collegium condend' punire Que quo facilius ritè peragi poſſint memoratis Doctoribus Johanni Chamber Thome Linacre Ferdinando de Victoria Medicis noſtris Nicholao Halſwell Johanni Franciſci & Roberto Yaxley medicis Conceſſimus quòd ipſi omnéſque homines ejuſdem facultat' de & in Civitate predicta ſint in re & nomine unum Corpus & Communitas perpetua ſive Collegium perpetuum Et quòd eadem Communitas ſive Collegium fingulis annis imperpetuum eligere poſſint & facere de Communitate illa aliquem providum virum & in facultate medicine expertum in Preſidentem ejuſdem Collegii ſive Communitat' ad ſupervidend' recognoſcend' & gubernand' pro Anno illo Collegium ſive Communitatem predictam & omnes homines ejuſdem facultatis & negotia eorundem Et quòd idem Preſidens & Collegium ſive Communitas habeant ſucceſſionem perpetuam & commune ſigillum negociis dict' Communitat' & Preſiden' imperpetuum ſervitur' Et quòd ipſi & ſucceſſores ſui imperpetuum ſint perſone habiles & capaces ad perquirend' & poſſidend' in feodo & perpetuitate terr' & tenementa reddit' & al' poſſeſſiones quaſcunque. Conceſſimus eciam eis & ſucceſſoribus ſuis pro nobis & heredibus noſtris quod ipſi & ſucceſſores ſui poſſint perquirere ſibi & ſucceſſoribus ſuis tam in dicta urbe quam extra terras & tenementa quecunque annuum valorem duodecim librar' non exceden' Statuto de alienatione ad manum mortuam non obſtan' Et quòd ipſi per nomina Preſidentis Collegii ſeu Communitatis facultatis Medicine London placitare & implacitari poſſint coram quibuſcunque Judicibus in Curiis & actionibus quibuſcunque Et quòd predict' Preſidens Collegium ſive Communitas & eor' Succeſſores congregationes licitas & honeſtas de ſeipſis ac Statuta & Ordinationes pro ſalubri Gubernatione ſuperviſu & Correctione Collegii ſeu Communitatis predicte & omnium hominum eandem facultat' in dicta Civitate ſeu per ſeptem milliar' in circuitu ejuſdem Civitat' exercen' ſecundum neceſſitat' exigenc. quoties & quando opus fuit facere valeant licitè & impunè ſine impedimento noſtri heredum vel ſucceſſor' noſtror' Juſticiarior' Eſcaetor' Vic. & alior' Ballivor' vel Miniſtror' noſtror' hered' vel ſucceſſor' noſtror' quorumcunque. Conceſſimus eciam eiſdem Preſidenti & Collegio ſeu Communitati & Succeſſoribus ſuis quod nemo in dicta Civitate aut per ſeptem milliar' in circuitu ejuſdem exerceat dictam facultatem niſi ad hoc per dict' Preſident' & Communitatem ſeu Succeſſores eor' qui pro tempore fuerint admiſſ. ſit per ejuſdem Preſident' & Collegii literas ſigillo ſuo communi ſigillat' ſub pena Centum ſolidor' pro quolibet menſe quo non admiſſus eandem facultat' exercuit dimid' inde nobis & heredibus noſtris & dimid' dicto Preſidenti & Collegio applicand'. Preterea volumus & concedimus pro nobis & ſucceſſoribus noſtris quantum in nobis eſt Quòd per Preſident' & Collegium predicte Communitatis pro tempore exiſten' & eor' ſucceſſores imperpetuum quatuor ſingulis annis per ipſos eligantur qui habeant ſuperviſum ſcrutinium correctionem & gubernationem omnium & ſingulor' dicte Civitat' Medicor' uten' facultat' medicine in eadem Civitate ac alior' medicor' forinſecor' quorumcunque facultatem ill' medicine aliquo modo frequentan' & uten' infra eandem Civitatem & ſuburbia ejuſdem ſive infra ſeptem Milliar' in Circuitu ejuſdem Civitatis ac punitionem eorundem pro delictis ſuis in non benè exequend' faciend' & utend' ill' Necnon ſuperviſum & ſcrutinium omnimodar' medicinar' & earum eor' recept' per dictos medicos aut aliquem eor' hujuſmodi ligeis noſtris pro eor' infirmitatibus del. & hujuſmodi & hujuſmodi curand' & ſanand' dand' imponend' & utend' quoties & quando opus fuerit pro commodo & utilitate eorundem ligeor' noſtror' ita quòd punitio hujuſmodi medicor' uten' dicta dicte facultat' medicine ſic in premiſſis delinquen' per fines amerciament' & impriſonament' corpor' ſuor' & per alias vias rationabiles & congruas exequatur. Volumus eciam & concedimus pro nobis heredibus & ſucceſſoribus noſtris quantum in nobis eſt quòd nec Preſidens nec aliquis de Collegio predicto medicor' nec ſucceſſor' ſui nec eor' aliquis exercen' facultat' ill' quoquo modo in futur' infra Civitatem noſtram predict' & ſuburb' ejuſdem ſeu alibi ſummoneantur aut ponantur nec eor' aliquis ſummoneatur aut ponatur in aliquibus Aſſiſis Jurat' Inqueſt' Inquiſitionibus Attinct' & aliis recognitionibus infra dictam Civitat' & Suburb' ejuſdem impoſterum coram Majore aut Vic' ſeu Coronat' dicte Civitatis noſtre pro tempore exiſten' capiend' aut per aliquem Officiar' ſeu Miniſtrum ſuum vel Officiarios ſive Miniſtros ſuos ſummonend' licet iidem Jur' Inquiſitiones ſeu recognitiones ſum' fuerint ſuper brevi vel brevibus noſtri vel heredum noſtror' de recto Sed quòd dicti Magiſtri ſive Gubernatores ac Communitas facultat' antedict' & ſucceſſores ſui & eor' quilibet dictam facultat' exercen' verſus nos heredes & ſucceſſores noſtros ac verſus Majorem ac Vic' Civitat' noſtre predicte pro tempore exiſten' ac quoſcunque Officiar' & Miniſtros ſuos ſint inde quiet' & penitus exonerat' imperpetuum per preſentes Proviſo quòd Litere noſtre ſeu aliquod in eis content' non cedent in prejudicium Civitat' noſtre London ſeu libertat' ejuſdem Et hoc abſque fine ſeu feodo pro premiſſis ſeu ſigillatione preſentium nobis faciend' ſolvend' ſeu aliqualit' reddend' Aliquo Statuto Ordinatione vel Actu in contrarium ante hec tempora fact' edit' ordinat' ſeu provis' in aliquo non obſtan'. In cujus rei teſtimonium has Literas noſtras fieri fecimus Patentes. Teſte meipſo apud Weſtm' viceſimo tertio die Septembris Anno regni noſtri decimo. Cumque eciam in Statuto in Parliamento dicti nuper regis Henrici octavi tent' apud London decimo quinto die Aprilis Anno regni ſui quartodecimo & abinde adjornat' uſque Weſtm' in Com' Midd' ultimo die Julii Anno regni dicti nuper Regis decimoquinto & tunc & ibidem tent' inactitat' fuit quòd predicta Corporatio predict' Communitat' & Societat' facultat' Medicine predicte Et omnia & ſingula conceſſio articul' & al' res content' & ſpec' in predictis Literis Paten' forent approbat' conceſſ' ratificat' & confirmat' in eodem Parliamento & clarè authorizat' authoritat' & admiſſ' per idem Parliamentum bona legitima & valida Anglice avayleable prefat' Corpori incorporat' & eor' ſucceſſoribus imperpetuum in tam amplo & largo modo quam poſſet capi putari & conſtrui per eadem prout in eodem Statuto int' alia plenius continetur. Predictus tamen Thomas Bonnam qui ad dictam facultat' exercend' per Preſidentem & Communitatem facultatis medicine London predict' per literas Preſident' & Collegii predicti ſigillo ſuo communi ſigillat' non admiſſus eſt nec unquam ante hec admiſſus fuit Statutum predictum minime ponderans nec penam in predictis Literis Paten' content' verens dictam facultatem medicine per ſpacium duodecim menſium jam ult' elapſ. & prox' preceden' ante diem impetrationis hujus bille ſcilicet viceſimum quintum diem Junii Anno regni domini Jacobi nunc Regis Anglie Quinto in Civitat' London predicta videlicet in parochia beate Marie de Arcubus in Warda de Cheape London exercuit & adhuc exercet contra formam Literar' Paten' predictar' & Statut' predict' Per quod actio accrevit eidem Preſidenti qui tam, &c. ad exigend' & habend' de prefato Thoma pro • dicto domino Rege nunc ac eodem Preſidente & Collegio predicto predictas ſexaginta libras videlicet pro quolibet menſe predictor' duodecim menſium Centum ſolidos. Predictus tamen Thomas licet ſepius requiſit', &c. predictas ſexaginta libras prefat' domino Regi & eidem Preſidenti & Collegio predicto ſeu eor' alteri nondum ſolvit ſed ill' eis hucuſque ſolvere omnino contradixit & adhuc contradic' ad dampnum ipſius Preſidentis qui tam, &c. Centum librar' & inde tam pro dicto domino Rege quam pro eodem Preſidente & Collegio predicto produc' ſectam, &c. Et modo ad hunc diem ſcilicet diem Veneris prox' poſt octab' Sancti Michaelis iſto eodem Termino uſque quem diem predictus Thomas Bonnam habuit licenc' ad billam predictam interloquendi & tunc ad reſpondend', &c. Coram domino Rege apud Weſtm' ven' tam predictus Preſidens Collegii ſeu Communitatis dicte facultatis Medicine London qui tam, &c. per Attorn' ſuum predictum quam predictus Thomas Bonnam per Willielmum Edwardes Attorn' ſuum Et idem Thomas defend' vim & injur' quando, &c. Et dic' quòd predict' Preſidens Collegii ſeu Communitat' dicte facultat' medicine London qui tam pro dicto domino Rege quam pro eodem Preſidente & Collegio predicto ſequitur actionem ſuam predictam inde verſus eum habere ſeu manutenere non debet Quia dic' quod benè & verum eſt quod predictus dominus Henricus Octavus nuper Rex Anglie per predictas literas ſuas Patent' magno ſigillo ſuo Anglie ſigillat' geren' dat' apud Weſtm' in predicto Com' Midd' predicto viceſimo tertio die Septembris Anno regni ſui decimo ſupradict' pro publico bono hujus regni in debito exercitio facultat' medicine & bona adminiſtratione medicinar' habend' & pro cauſis & conſiderationibus in eiſdem Literis Patentibus expreſſis incorporaſſet & feciſſet de predictis Johanne Chamber Thoma Linacre & Ferdinando de Victoria adtunc medicis ejuſdem nuper Regis & Nicholao Halſewell Johanne Franciſci & Roberto Yaxley & omnibus aliis viris ejuſdem facultatis tunc de & infra dictam Civitatem London unum Corpus & perpetuam Communitatem ſive ſocietatem facultatis Medicine & adhabend' perpetuam ſucceſſionem & Commune ſigillum Et ad eligend' annuatim unum Preſiden' ejuſdem ſocietatis ſive Communitatis ad ſupervidend' regend' & gubernand' eandem ſocietatem ſive Communitatem & omnes homines ejuſdem facultat' cum diverſis aliis privilegiis & al' rebus per dictum nuper Regem eis conceſſ' pro republica hujus regni prout in predictis Literis Paten' ut prefertur plenius continetur. Ac quod predictus nuper Rex conceſſit eciam per eaſdem Literas Patent' eiſdem tunc Preſidenti & Collegio ſeu Communitat' & ſucceſſoribus ſuis quod nemo in dicta Civitate aut per ſeptem Milliar' in circuitu ejuſdem exerceret dictam facultatem niſi ad hoc per dict' Preſident' & Communitat' ſeu ſucceſſores eor' qui pro tempore fuerint admiſſ. ſoret per ejuſdem Preſiden' & Collegii literas ſigillo ſuo communi ſigillat' ſub pena Centum ſolidor' pro quolibet menſe quo non admiſſ. eandem facultatem exerceret dimid' inde dicto domino nuper Regi & heredibus ſuis Et dimid' dicto Preſidenti & Collegio applicand'. Ac eciam quod predictus nuper Rex ulterius conceſſit eiſdem tunc Preſidenti & Collegio ſeu Communitat' & ſucceſſoribus ſuis omnia & ſingula alia in eiſdem Literis Paten' ſuperius ut prefertur ſpecificat' & content' modo & forma prout predict' Preſidens qui tam, &c. ſuperius narrando allegavit. Quodque eciam in predicto Statuto in dicto Parliamento dicti nuper Regis Henrici octavi tent' apud London predicto decimo quinto die Aprilis Anno regni ſui quartodecimo & abinde adjornat' uſque Weſtm' in predicto Com' Midd' ultimo die Julii Anno regni dicti nuper Regis decimo quinto & tunc ibidem tent' inactitat' fuit quod predicta Corporatio predicte Communitatis & ſocietatis facultatis medicine predicte & omnia & ſingula conceſſ. articul' & al' res content' & ſpecificat' in predictis Literis Paten' foret approbat' conceſſ. ratificat' & confirmat' in eodem Parliamento & clarè authorizat' authoritat' & admiſſ. per idem Parliamentum bona legitima & valida anglice Avayleable prefat' Corpori incorporat' & eor' ſucceſſoribus imperpetuum in tam amplo & largo modo quam poſſit capi putari & conſtrui per eadem prout in eodem Statuto int' alia plenius continetur modo & forma prout predictus Preſidens qui tam, &c. ſuperius ſimilit' narrando allegavit. Et predictus Thomas Bonnam ulterius dic' quod in predicto Statuto ulterius inactitat' fuit Quod predict' ſex. perſone in eiſdem Literis Paten' nominat' ut principales & primo nominat' de predict' Communitate & Societate eligen' ad ſe duos vel plur' de dict' Communitate ab inde anglice from thenceforthe vocarentur & nuncuparentur Electi anglice Elects Ac quod iidem Electi annuatim eligerent unum ex eis fore Preſidentem dicte Societatis, toties quoties aliquis locor' Anglice anye of the roomes and places place eorundem Elector' contigeret eſſe vacuum per mortem vel alit' tunc ſuperviventes Anglice the ſupervivors eorundem Elector' contingeret infra Triginta vel quadraginta dies prox' poſt mortem eorundem vel alicujus eor' eligerent nominarent & admitterent unum vel plures prout neceſſitas requireret de peritiſſimis & expertiſſimis viris de & in dicta facultate in London ad ſupplend' dictum locum & numerum octo perſonar. Ac eciam recitando in dicto Statuto quod cum in Dioceſ. Anglic • anglice extra London tunc non veriſimile fuit invenire ſemper homines habiles ad examinand' ſufficient' (ſecundum Statutum anglice according to the Statute) tales qui admitterentur ad exercend' Medicinam in eiſdem anglice to exerciſe Phyſicke in them ulterius inactitat' fuit in eodem Statuto quod nulla perſona abinde anglice from thenceforthe permitteretur ad exercend' vel practizand' in Medicina Anglice in Phyſicke per Angliam anglice thoroughe Englande uſque tale tempus quo ipſe examinaretur apud London per predictum Preſidentem & tres Elector' predictor' & ad habend' à prefat' Preſidente vel Electis literas teſtimoniales de eor' approbatione & examinatione niſi ipſe foret Graduatus anglice à Graduat Oxonie vel Cantabrigie qui adimpleviſſet omnia anglice had accompliſhed all thinges pro forma ſua ſine aliqua gratia. Et predictus Thomas Bonnam ulterius dic' quòd ipſe idem Thomas diu ante predictum viceſimum quintum diem Junii Anno regni dicti domini Regis nunc Anglie quinto ſupradicto ſcilicet ſecundo die Julii Anno Domini Milleſimo quingenteſimo nonageſimo quinto in alma Academia Cantabrigie ſuſcepit gradum & dignitat' Doctoris in Medicinis & adtunc & ibidem ſcilicet eodem ſecundo die Julii Anno Domini Milleſimo quingenteſimo nonageſimo quinto ſupradicto apud Cantabrigiam predictam in Com' Cantabr' rite & legitime ordinat' & fact' fuit Graduat' Anglice a Graduate Cantabrigie predicte videlicet Doctor in Medicinis ſecundum Leges Statuta Conſtitutiones & Ordinationes dicte Academie Cantabrigie. Quodque idem Thomas tunc & ibidem adimplevit omnia anglice did accompliſhe all thinges pro forma ſua ſine aliqua gratia. Quor' pretextu idem Thomas hujuſmodi Graduat' Cantabrigie videlicet Doctor in Medicinis in forma predicta exiſten' qui adimpleviſſet omnia anglice had accompliſhed all thinges pro forma ſua ſine aliqua gratia dictam facultatem medicine per predictum ſpacium duodecim menſium ult' elapſ. & prox' preceden' ante diem impetrationis bille predicte ſcilicet predictum viceſimum quintum diem Junii Anno regni dicti domini Regis nunc Anglie quinto ſupradicto in dicta Civitate London videlicet in predicta parochia beate Marie de Arcubus in Warda de Cheape London exercuit modo & forma prout predictus Preſidens qui tam, &c. ſuperius verſus eum narravit prout ei benè licuit. Et hoc parat' eſt verificare. Unde pet' Judicium ſi predictus Preſidens qui tam, &c. actionem ſuam predictam inde verſus eum habere ſeu manutenere debeat, &c. Et predictus Preſidens Collegii ſeu Communitatis facultat' medicine London predict' qui tam, &c. dic' quod ipſe per aliqua per predictum Thomam Bonnam ſuperius placitando allegat' ab actione ſua predicta verſus ipſum Thomam habend' precludi non debet. Quia dic' quod placitum predictum per ipſum Thomam modo & forma predictis ſuperius placitat' materiaque in eodem content' minus ſufficien' in lege exiſtunt ad ipſum Preſident' qui tam, &c. ab actione ſua predicta verſus predictum Thomam Bonnam inde habend' precludend' Ad quod idem Preſidens qui tam, &c. neceſſe non habet nec per legem t're tenetur aliquo modo reſpondere. Unde pro defectu ſufficien' reſponſ. in hac parte idem Preſidens qui tam, &c. pet' judicium & debitum predictum tam dicto domino Regi quam eidem Preſident' & Collegio predicto unacum dampnis ſuis occaſione detentionis debiti illius ſibi adjudicari, &c. Et predictus Thomas Bonnam dic' quod placitum predictum per ipſum Thomam modo & forma predictis ſuperius placitat' materiaque in eodem content' bona & ſufficien' in lege exiſtunt ad predictum Preſidentem qui tam, &c. ab actione ſua predicta verſus ipſum Thomam habend' precludend'. Quod quidem placitum materiamque in eodem content' idem Thomas parat' eſt verificare & probare prout Cur', &c. Et quia predictus Preſidens qui tam, &c. ad placitum illud non reſpond' nec illud hucuſque aliqualiter dedic' idem Thomas Bonnam ut prius pet' Judicium Et quod predictus Preſidens qui tam, &c. ab actione ſua predicta verſus ipſum Thomam Bonnam inde habend' precludatur, &c. Et quia Cur' domini Regis hic de Judicio ſuo de & ſuper premiſſis reddend' nondum adviſatur dies inde dat' eſt partibus predictis coram domino Rege apud Weſtm' uſque diem Sabbati prox' poſt Octabas Sancti Hillarii de Judicio ſuo de & ſuper premiſſis reddend', &c. eo quod Cur' domini Regis hic inde nondum, &c. Ad quem diem coram domino Rege apud Weſtm' ven' tam predictus Preſiden' qui tam, &c. quam predictus Thomas Bonnam per Attorn' ſuos predictos. Et quia Cur' domini Regis hic de Judicio ſuo de & ſuper premiſſis reddend' nondum adviſatur dies ulterius inde dat' eſt partibus predictis coram domino Rege apud Weſtm' uſque diem Mercurii prox' poſt xviij Paſche extunc prox' ſequen' de Judicio inde audiend' eo quod Cur' domini Regis hic inde nondum, &c. Ad quem diem coram domino Rege apud Weſtm' ven' partes predicte per Attorn' ſuos predictos. Et quia Cur' domini Regis hic de Judicio ſuo de & ſuper premiſſis reddendo nondum adviſatur dies ulterius inde dat' eſt partibus predictis coram domino Rege apud Weſtm' uſque diem Veneris prox' poſt Craſtinum Sancte Trinitat' extunc prox' ſequen' de Judicio inde audiendo eo quod Cur' domini Regis hic inde nondum, &c. Ad quem diem coram domino Rege apud Weſtm' ven' partes predicte per Attorn' ſuos predictos. Et quia Cur' domini Regis hic de Judicio ſuo de & ſuper premiſſis reddend' nondum adviſatur dies ulterius inde dat' eſt partibus predictis coram domino Rege apud Weſtm' uſque diem Lune prox' poſt Octab. Sancti Michaelis de judicio inde audiend' eo quod Cur' domini Regis hic inde nondum, &c. Ad quem diem coram domino Rege apud Weſtm' ven' tam predictus Preſiden' qui tam, &c. quam predictus Thomas Bonnam per Attorn' ſuos predictos. Et quia Cur' domini Regis hic de Judicio ſuo de & ſuper premiſſis reddend' nondum adviſatur dies ulterius inde dat' eſt partibus predictis coram domino Rege apud Weſtm' uſque diem Lune prox' poſt Octabas Sancti Hillarii extunc prox' ſequen' de judicio inde audiend' eo quod Cur' domini Regis hic inde nondum, &c. Ad quem diem coram domino Rege apud Weſtm' ven' tam predictus Preſidens qui tam, &c. quam predictus Thomas Bonnam per Attorn' ſuos predictos Super quo vis' & per Cur' domini Regis hic plenius intellectis omnibus & ſingulis premiſſis maturaque deliberatione inde habita pro eo quod videtur Cur' domini Regis hic quod placitum predictum per prefat' Thomam Bonnam modo & forma predictis ſuperius placitat' materiaque in eodem content' minus ſufficien' in lege exiſtunt ad ipſum Preſiden' qui tam, &c. ab actione ſua predicta verſus ipſum Thomam habend' precludend' Ideo conſ. eſt quod predictus Preſiden' qui tam, &c. recuperet verſus predictum Thomam Bonnam debitum predictum unde dominus Rex habeat unam medietatem & predictus Preſiden' & Collegium alteram medietatem juxta formam Literar' Paten' predictar' & Statut' predict'. Quodque idem Preſiden' qui tam, &c. recuperet verſus predictum Thomam Bonnam duodecim libras pro dampnis ſuis que ſuſtinuit tam occaſione detentionis debiti predicti quam pro miſſ. & cuſtagiis ſuis per ipſum circa ſectam ſuam in hac parte appoſit' eidem Preſiden' qui tam, &c. per Cur' domini Regis hic ex aſſenſu ſuo adjudicat'. Et predictus Thomas Bonnam in miſericord', &c. Quod quidem Recordum coram nob' ſic habitum duximus exemplificand'. In cujus rei teſtimonium has Literas noſtras fieri fecimus Patentes. Teſte Thoma Flemynge apud Weſtm' Tertio decimo die Februarii Anno regni noſtri Anglie Franc' & Hibernie ſexto Et Scotie quadrageſimo ſecundo.

THomas Bonham Doctor in Philoſophy and Phyſick brought an Action of falſe impriſonment Action of falſe impriſonment. againſt Henry Atkins, George Turner, Thomas Moundford, and John Argent, Doctors in Phyſick, and John Taylor and William Bowden, Yeomen, For that the Defendants the 10 of Novemb. 4 Jacobi did impriſon him, and detain him in Priſon by the ſpace of 7 days. The Defendants pleaded the Letters Patents of King Henry the 8. bearing date the 23 of September, in the 10 year of his Reign, by which he reciteth; Quod cùm regii officii ſui munus arbitrabatur ditionis ſuae hominum foelicitati omni ratione conſulere, id autem vel imprimis fore ſi improborum conatibus tempeſtivè occurreret, &c. By the ſame Letters Patents the King granted to John Chambre, Thomas Linacre, Ferdinando de Victoria, John Halſwell, John Frances, and Robert Yaxley, quòd ipſi omneſque homines ejuſdem facultatis de & in Civitate London ſint in re & nomine unum corpus & communitas perpetua, per nomen Preſidentis & Collegii, ſive communitatis facultatis medicinae London, &c. And that they might make méetings and Ordinances, &c. But the Caſe at Bar doth principally conſiſt upon two clauſes in the Charter: The firſt, Conceſſimus etiam eiſdem Preſidenti & Collegio ſeu Communitati & ſucceſſoribus ſuis, quòd nemo in dicta Civitate aut per ſeptem milliaria in circuitu ejuſdem exerceat dictam facultatem Medicinae, niſi ad hoc per dict' Preſident' & Communit' ſeu ſucceſſores ſuos, qui pro tempore fuerint, admiſſus ſit per ejuſdem Preſidentis & Collegii literas ſigillo ſuo communi ſigillat' ſub poena centum ſolidorum pro quolibet menſe quo non admiſſus eandem facultatem exercuerit, dimidium inde domino Regi & haeredibus ſuis, & dimidium dict' Preſidenti & Collegio applicand', &c. The ſecond clauſe is which immediately followeth in theſe words, Preterea voluit & conceſſit pro ſe & ſucceſſoribus ſuis (quantum in ſe fuit) quod per Preſident' & Collegium predict' Communitat' pro tempore exiſt' & eorum ſucceſſores imperpetuum quatuor ſingulis annis per ipſos eligerentur qui haberent ſuperviſum & ſcrutinium, correctionem & gubernationem omnium & ſingulorum dict' Civitatis medicorum, utentium facultat' Medicinae in eadem Civitate, ac aliorum Medicorum forinſecorum quorumcunque facultatem illam Medicinae aliquo modo frequentantium & utentium infra eandem Civitatem & Suburbia ejuſdem, ſive infra feptem milliaria in circuitu ejuſdem Civitatis, ac punitionem eorundem pro delictis ſuis in non bene exequend' faciend' & utend' illa: nec non ſuperviſum & ſcrutinium omnium Medicinarum & earum receptionem per dictos Medicos ſeu aliquem eorum hujuſmodi ligeis dict' nuper Regis pro eorum infirmitatibus curand' & ſanand' dand' imponend' & utend' quoties & quando opus fuerit, pro commodo & utilitat' eorundem ligeorum dicti nuper Regis: Ita quod punitio eorundem Medicorum utentium dict' facultate Medicinae ſic in premiſſ. delinquentium, per fines, amerciamenta & impriſonament' corporum ſuorum, & per alias vias rationabiles & congruas exequeretur, as by the ſaid Charter more fully appeareth. And that by force of the ſaid Letters Patents, The ſaid Thomas Chambre, Thomas Linacre, &c. and all the men of the ſame faculty in the ſaid City were unum Corpus & communitas perpetua ſive Collegium perpetuum. And afterwards by Act of Parliament, An. 14 H. 8. It was enacted, That the ſaid Corporation, and every Grant, Article, and other things in the ſaid Letters Patents contained and ſpecified, ſhould be approved, granted, ratified and confirmed in tam amplo & largo modo prout poterit acceptari, cogitari & conſtitui per eaſdem Literas Patentes. And further it was enacted, That the ſaid ſix perſons named in the ſaid Letters Patents, as Principal of the ſaid College, and two others of the ſaid College, ſhould be named Electi, and that the ſaid Elects ſhould chuſe one of them to be Preſident, as by the ſaid Act appeareth. And further they pleaded the Act of 1 Mariae, by which it is enacted, Quod quaedam conceſſio per Literas Patentes de incorporation' fact' per predict' nuper Regem Medicis London & omnes clauſulae & articuli content' in eadem conceſſione approbarentur, concederentur, ratificarentur & confirm' per praedict' nuper Parl'. In conſideratione cujus inactitat' fuit authoritate ejuſdem Parliamenti, quòd praed' Statut' & Act' Parliament' in omnibus Articulis & Clauſulis in eodem content' extunc impoſterum ſtarent & continuarent in pleno robore, &c. And further it was enacted, That whenſoever the Preſident of the College or Commonalty of the faculty of Phyſick of London for the time being, or ſuch as the ſaid Preſident and College ſhall yearly, according to the tenor and meaning of the ſaid Act, authorize to ſearch, examine, correct and puniſh all offenders and tranſgreſſors in the ſaid faculty, &c. ſhall ſend or commit any ſuch offender or offenders for his or their offence or diſobedience contrary to any Article or Clauſe contained in the ſaid Grant or Act, to any Ward, Gaol or Priſon within the ſame City, (the Tower of London except) that then from time to time the Warden, Gaoler or Kéeper, &c. ſhall receive, &c. ſuch perſon ſo offending, &c. and the ſame ſhall keep at his proper charge without Bail or Mainprize, untill ſuch time as ſuch offender or diſobedient be diſcharged of the ſaid impriſonment by the ſaid Preſident and ſuch perſons as ſhall be thereunto authorized, upon pain that all and every ſuch Warden, Gaoler, &c. doing the contrary ſhall loſe and forfeit the double of ſuch Fines and amerciaments as ſuch offender and offenders ſhall be aſſeſſed to pay by ſuch as the ſaid Preſident and College ſhall authorize as aforeſaid, ſo that the Fine and amerciament be not at any one time above the ſum of 20 pound, the one moiety to the King, the other moiety to the Preſident and College, &c. And further pleaded, That the ſaid Thomas Bonham the 10th of April within London, againſt the form of the ſaid Letters Patents and the ſaid Acts, exercebat artem Medicinae non admiſſus per Literas praed' Praeſidentis & Collegii ſigillo eorum communi ſigillat' ubi revera praed' Tho. Bonham fuit minus ſufficiens ad artem Medicinae exercend'. By force of which the ſaid Thomas Bonham 30 April. 1606. was ſummoned in London by the Cenſors or Governours of the College, to appear before the Preſident and Cenſors or Governours of the College aforeſaid, at the College, &c. the 14 day of April next following, ſuper praemiſſis examinand. At which day the ſaid Thomas Bonham came before the Preſident and Cenſors, and was examined by the Cenſors de ſcientia ſua in facultate ſua Medicinae adminiſtrand' Et quia praed' Thomas Bonham ſic examinatus minus apte & inſufficienter in praed' arte Medicinae reſpondebat, & inventus fuit ſuper examinationem praed' per praed' Praeſident' & Cenſores minus ſufficiens & inexpert' ad artem Medicinae adminiſtrand' ac pro eo quod praed' Tho. Bonham multotiens ante examinatus, & interdictus per ipſum Praeſident' & Cenſores, de cauſis praed' ad artem Medicinae adminiſtrand' per unum menſem & amplius poſt talem interdictionem facultatem illam in Lond' praed' ſine licentia, &c. ideo adtunc & ibid' conſideratum fuit per praed' Praeſident' & Cenſores, quod praed' Tho. Bonham pro inobedientia & contempt' ſuis praed' amerciaretur to 5 li. in proximis Comitiis praed' Praeſident' & Collegio perſolvend' & deinceps abſtineret, &c. quouſque inventus fuerit ſufficiens, &c. ſub poena conjiciendi in Carcerem ſi in praemiſſis delinqueret: And that the ſaid Tho. Bonham 20 Octob. 1606. within London did practiſe Phyſick, and the ſame day he was ſummoned by the Cenſors to appear before the Preſident and them the 22 of Octob. then next following, at which day Bonham made default. Ideo conſideratum fuit per praed' Cenſores, That for his diſobedience and contempt he ſhould be amerced to 10 li. and that he ſhould be arreſted and committed to cuſtody. And afterwards the 7 Novemb. 1606. the ſaid Tho. Bonham at their aſſembly came before the Preſident and Cenſors, and they asked him if he would ſatisfie the College for his diſobedience and contempt, and ſubmit himſelf to be examined and obey the cenſure of the College; who anſwered, That he had practiſed Phyſick, and would practiſe Phyſick within London, asking no leave of the College, and that he would not ſubmit himſelf to the Preſident and Cenſors, and affirmed that the Preſident and Cenſors had not any authority over thoſe who were Doctors of the Vniverſity; For which cauſe the ſaid 4 Cenſors, ſc. Dr. Turner, Dr. Moundforde, Dr. Argent, and Dr. Dun, then being Cenſors or Governors, pro offenſis & inobedientia praed' adtunc & ibid' ordinaverunt & decreverunt, quod praed' Tho. Bonham in Carcerem mandaretur ibid' remanſur' quouſque abinde per Praeſident' & Cenſores ſeu gubernatores Collegii praed' pro tempore exiſten' deliberaretur, And there then by their warrant in writing under their common Seal did commit the Plaintiff to the priſon of the Counter in London, &c. without Bail or mainprize at the coſts and charges of the ſaid Thomas Bonham, untill the ſaid Thomas Bonham by the Warrant of the Preſident and Cenſors of the ſaid College, or their Succeſſors was delivered. And Dr. Atkins then Preſident, and the Cenſors, and Bowden and Taylor as their ſervants, and by the commandment of the ſaid Preſident and Cenſors, did carry the Plaintiff with the Warrant to the Gaol, &c. which is the ſame impriſonment. The Plaintiff replied and ſaid, That by the ſaid Act of 14 H. 8. it was further enacted, And where that in the Dioceſes of England, out of London, it is not like to find alway men able ſufficiently to examine (after the Statute) ſuch as ſhall be admitted to exerciſe Phyſick in them, that it may be enacted in this preſent Parliament, That no perſon from henceforth be ſuffered to exerciſe or practiſe Phyſick through England untill ſuch time that he be examined at London by the ſaid Preſident and thrée of the ſaid Elects, and to have from them Letters Teſtimonial of their approving and examination, Exeept he be a Graduate of Oxford or Cambridge, which have accompliſhed all things for his form without grace: And that the Plaintiff in the year of our Lord 1595. was a Graduate, ſc. a Doctor in the Vniverſity of Cambridge, and had accompliſhed all things concerning his degrée for his form without grace, by force whereof he had exerciſed and practiſed Phyſick within the City of London, until the Defendants had impriſoned him, &c. upon which the Defendants did demur in Law. And this caſe was often argued by the Sexjeants at Bar in diverſe ſeveral Terms; And now this Term the caſe was argued by the Iuſtices, and the effect of their arguments who argued againſt the Plaintiff (which was divided into thrée parts) ſhall be firſt reported. The firſt was, whether a Doctor of Phyſick of the one Vniverſity or the other, be by the Letters Patents and by the body of the Act of 14 H. 8. reſtrained to practiſe Phyſick within the City of London, &c. The ſecond was, If the exception in the ſaid Act of 14 H. 8. hath excepted him or not. The third was, That his impriſonment was lawfull for his ſaid diſobedience. And as to the firſt, they did rely upon the Letter of the 〈◊〉 , ratified by the ſaid Act of 14 H. 8. which is in the negative, ſc. Nemo in dicta Civitate, &c. exercea • dictam facultatem niſi ad hoc per praedict Praeſidentem & communitatem, &c. admiſſus ſit, &c. And this propoſition is a general negative, and Generale dictum eſt generaliter intelligendum, and nemo excludeth all; and therefore a Doctor of the one Vniverſity or the other is prohibited within this negative word Nemo. And many caſes were put, where negative Statutes ſhall be taken ſtrictè & excluſivè, which I do not think here neceſſary to recite. Alſo they ſaid, that the Statute of 3 H. 8. cap. 11. which in effect is repealed by this Act of 14 H. 8. hath a ſpecial Proviſo for the Vniverſity of Cambridge and Oxford, which being here left out, doth declare the intention of the makers of the Act, that they did intend to include them within this general Prohibition, Nemo in dicta Civitate, &c. As to the Second point they ſtrongly held, that the ſaid latter clauſe, And where that in the Dioceſes of England out of London, &c. this clauſe according to the words doth extend onely to places out of London, and ſo much the rather, becauſe that they purview for London before, Nemo in dicta Civitate, &c. Alſo the makers of the Act put a diſtinction betwixt thoſe who ſhall be licenſed to practiſe Phyſick within London, &c. for they ought to have the admittance and allowance of the Preſident and College in writing under their Common Seal; but he who ſhall be allowed to practiſe Phyſick throughout England out of London ought to be examined and admitted by the Preſident and 3 of the Elects, and ſo they ſaid, that it was lately adjudged in the Kings Bench, in an Information exhibited againſt the ſaid Doctor Bonham for practiſing of Phyſick within London for divers months. As to the Third point they ſaid, That for his contempt and diſobedience before them in their College they might commit him to Priſon, for they have authority by the Letters Patents and Act of Parliament, And therefore for his contempt and misdemeanor before them they may commit him. Alſo the Act of 1 Mariae hath given them power to commit them for every offence or diſobedience contrary to any Article or Clauſe contained in the ſaid Grant or Act. But there is an expreſs Negative Article in the ſaid Grant, and ratified by the Act of 14 H. 8. Quod nemo in dicta Civitate, &c. exerceat, &c. And the Defendants have pleaded that the Plaintiff hath practiſed Phyſick within London by the ſpace of one month, &c. And therefore the Act of 1 Mariae hath authoriſed them for to impriſon him in this caſe; for which cauſe they did conclude for the Defendants againſt the Plaintiff. But it was argued by Coke Chief Iuſtice, Warburton and Daniel Iuſtices of the Common Pleas, to the contrary. And Daniel conceived that a Doctor of Phyſick of the one Vniverſity or the other, &c. was not within the body of the Act, and if he was within the body of the Act, that he was excepted by the ſaid latter clauſe: But Warburton argued againſt him for both the points: and the Chief Iuſtice did not ſpeak to theſe 2 points, becauſe that he and Warburton and Daniel did agrée that this action was clearly maintainable for two other points. But to the 2 other points he and the ſaid 2 other Iuſtices Warburton and Daniel did ſpeak, ſcil. 1. Whether the Cenſors have power for the Cauſes alledged in their Barr, to fine and impriſon the Plaintiff. 2. Admitting that they have power to doe it, if they have purſued their power. But the chief Iuſtice before he argued the points in Law, becauſe that much was ſaid in the commendations of the Doctors of Phyſick of the ſaid College within London, and ſomewhat (as he conceived) in derogation of the dignity of the Doctors of the Vniverſities, he firſt attributed much to the Doctors of the ſaid College within London, and did confeſs that nothing was ſpoken, which was not due to their merits; but yet that no compariſon was to be made between that private College, and any of the Vniverſities of Cambridge and Oxford, no more than between the Father and his Children, or betwéen the Fountain and the ſmall Rivers which deſcend from thence: The Vniverſity is Alma mater, from whoſe breaſts thoſe of that private College have ſucked all their ſcience and knowledge (which I acknowledge to be great and profound) but the Law ſaith, Erubeſcit lex Filios caſtigare Parentes: The Vniverſity is the fountain, and that and the like private Colleges are tanquam rivuli, which flow from the fountain, & melius eſt petere fontes quàm ſectari rivulos. Briefly, Academiae Cantabrigiae & Oxoniae ſunt Athenae noſtrae nobiliſſimae, regni ſoles, oculi & animae regni, unde Religio, humanitas & doctrina in omnes regni partes uberrimè diffunduntur. But it is true, Nunquam ſufficiet copia laudatoris, quia nunquam deficiet materia laudis; and therefore theſe Vniverſities excéed and excell all private Colleges, tanquam inter viburna cupreſſus. And it was obſerved that King Henry the 8. his ſaid Letters Patents, and the King and the Parliament in the Act of 14 H. 8. in making of a Law concerning Phyſicians, for the more ſafety and health of men, therein have followed the order of a good Phyſician (Rex enim omnes artes cenſetur habere in ſcrinio pectoris ſui) For, Medicina eſt duplex, removens & promovens; removens morbum, & promovens ad ſalutem. And therefore 5 manner of perſons (who more hurt the body of men than the diſeaſe it ſelf) are to be removed. 1. Improbi: 2. Avari, qui medicinam magis avaritiae ſuae cauſâ quàm ullius bonae conſcientiae fiduciâ profitentur: 3. Malitioſi: 4. Temerarii: 5. Inſcii; and of the other part, 5 manner of perſons were to be promoted, as appeareth by the ſaid Act, ſcil. thoſe that were, 1. profound, 2. ſad, 3. diſcreet, 4. groundedly learned, 5. profoundly ſtudied. And it was well ordained, That the profeſſors of Phyſick ſhould be profound, ſad, diſcreet, &c. and not youths who have no gravity and experience; for as one ſaith, In Juvene Theologo conſcientiae detrimentum, in juvene Legiſta burſae decrementum, in juvene Medico coemeterii incrementum. And it ought to be preſumed, every Doctor of any of the Vniverſities to be within the Statute, ſc. to be profound, ſad, diſcreet, groundedly learned, and profoundly ſtudied, for none can there be Maſter of Arts (who is a Doctor of Philoſophy) under the ſtudy of 7 years, and cannot be Doctor of Phyſick under 7 years more in the ſtudy of Phyſick: and that is the cauſe that the Plaintiff is named in the Declaration, Doctor of Philoſophy, and Doctor of Phyſick, quia oportet Medicum eſſe Philoſophum; ubi enim Philoſophus deſinit, incipit Medicus. As to the 2 points upon which the Chief Iuſtice, Warburton and Daniel gave judgment: 1. It was reſolved by them, That the ſaid Cenſors have not the power to commit the plaintiff for any of the cauſes mentioned in the Barr, and the cauſe and reaſon thereof ſhortly was, That the ſaid clauſe which giveth power to the ſaid Cenſors to fine and impriſon, doth not extend to the ſaid clauſe, ſc. Quòd nemo in dicta Civitate, &c. exerceat dictam facultatem, &c. Which prohibiteth every one to practiſe Phyſick within London, &c. without licence of the Preſident and College; but extendeth onely to puniſh thoſe who practiſe Phyſick within London, pro delictis ſuis in non bene exequendo, faciendo & utendo facultate medicinae, by fine and impriſonment: So that the Cenſors have not power by the Letters Patents and the Act to fine and impriſon any for practiſing of Phyſick within London, but onely pro delictis ſuis in non bene exequendo, &c. for ill and not good uſe and practice of Phyſick. And that was made manifeſt by 5 Reaſons called vividae rationes, becauſe they had their vigour and life from the Letters Patents and the Act it ſelf. And the beſt Expoſitor of all Letters Patents, and Acts of Parliament, are the Letters Patents and the Acts themſelves, by conſtruction and conferring all the parts together, Optima Statuti interpretatrix eſt (omnibus particulis ejuſdem inſpectis) ipſum Statutum; And injuſtum eſt niſi totâ lege inſpectâ, de una aliqua ejus particula judicare vel reſpondere. The firſt reaſon was, that theſe two were two abſolute, perfect and diſtinct Clauſes, and as Parallels, and therefore the one did not extend to the other; for the ſecond beginneth Praeterea voluit & conceſſit, &c. and the branch concerning fine and impriſonment, is parcel of the ſecond Clauſe. 2. The firſt Clauſe prohibiting the practiſing of Phyſick, &c. doth comprehend 4 certainties; 1. Certainty of the thing prohibited, ſc. practice of Phyſick; 2. Certainty of the time, ſc. practice for one month; 3. Certainty of Penalty, ſc. 5 li. 4. Certainty of diſtribution, ſc. one Moyety to the King, and the other Moyety to the College; and this penalty he who practiſeth Phyſick in London doth incur, although he practiſe and uſe Phyſick well, and profitably for the body of man; and upon this branch the Information was exhibited in the Kings Bench. But the Clauſe to puniſh delicta in non bene exequendo, &c. upon which branch the Caſe at Barr ſtands, is altogether uncertain, for the hurt which may come thereby may be little or great, leve vel grave, exceſſive or ſmall, &c. And therefore the King and the makers of the Act, cannot for ſo uncertain offence impoſe a certainty of fine, or time of impriſonment, but leave it to the Cenſors to puniſh ſuch offences, ſecundum quantitatem delicti, which is included in theſe words, per fines, amerciamenta, impriſonamenta corporum ſuorum, & per alias vias rationabiles & congruas. 2. The harm which accrueth by non bene exequendo, &c. doth concern the body of man; and therefore it is reaſonable that the offender ſhould be puniſhed in his body, ſc. by impriſonment; but he who practiſeth Phyſick in London in a good manner, although he doth it without leave, yet it is not any prejudice to the body of man. But the clauſe of Non bene exequendo, &c. doth not preſcribe any time certain, but at what time ſoever he miniſtreth Phyſick non bene, &c. he ſhall be puniſhed by the ſaid 2 branch. And the Law hath great reaſon in the making of this diſtinction, for divers Nobles, Gentlemen, and others come upon divers occaſions to London; and when they are here, they become ſubject to diſeaſes, and thereupon they ſend for their Phyſicians into the Countrey, who know their bodies and the cauſes of the diſeaſes; now it was never the meaning of the Act to barr any one of his own Phyſician; and when he is here he may practiſe and miniſter Phyſick to another by 2 or 3 wéeks, &c. without any forfeiture; for any one who wactiſeth Phyſick well in London (although he hath not taken any degree in any of the Vniverſities) ſhall forfeit nothing, if not that he practiſe it by the ſpace of a month; and that was the cauſe, that the time of a month was put in the Act. 4. The Cenſors cannot be Iudges, Miniſters and Parties; Iudges to give ſentence or Iudgment: Miniſters, to make ſummons; and Parties to have the moyety of the forfeiture, quia aliquis non debet eſſe Judex in propria cauſa, imo iniquum eſt aliquem ſuae rei eſſe Judicem: and one cannot be Iudge and Attorney for any of the parties: Dyer. 3 Ed. 6. 65. 38 E. 3. 15. 8 H. 6. 19, 20. 21 E 4. 47. &c. And it appeareth in our books that in many Caſes the Common Law doth controll Acts of Parliament, and ſometimes ſhall adjudge them to be void: for when an Act of Parliament is againſt Common right and reaſon, or repugnant or impoſſible to be performed, the Common Law ſhall controll it, and adjudge ſuch Act to be void; and therefore in 8 E. 3. 30. Thomas Tregors Caſe upon the Statute of Weſt. 2. Cap. 38. and Articuli ſuper Chartas Cap. 9. Herle ſaith, Some Statutes are made againſt Common Law and right, which thoſe who made them would not put in execution: The Statute of Weſt. 2. Cap. 21. giveth a Writ of Ceſſavit haeredi petenti ſuper haeredem tenent & ſuper eos quibus alienatum fuerit hujuſmodi tenementum: and yet it is adjudged in 33 E. 3. Ceſſavit 42. where the Caſe was, Two Coparceners Lords and Tenant by Fealty and certain Rent, One Coparcener had iſſue and dyeth; the Aunt and the Néece ſhall not joyn in a Ceſſavit, becauſe that the heir ſhall not have a Ceſſavit, for the ceſſer in the time of his anceſtor. F.N.B. 209. F. And therewith agréeth Plow. Com. 110. and the reaſon is, becauſe in a Ceſſavit the Tenant before Iudgment may render the Arrearages and damages, and hold his land again, and that he cannot doe when the heir bringeth a Ceſſavit for the ceſſer in the time of his Aunceſtor, for the arrearages incurred in the life of the Aunceſtor do not belong to the heir: and becauſe that it ſhall be againſt right and reaſon, the Common Law ſhall adjudge the ſaid Act of Parliament as to that point void. The Statute of Carliſle made 35 E. 1. enacteth That the Order of the Ciſtertians and Auguſtines who have a Covent and Common Seal, that the Common Seal ſhall be in the keeping of the Prior, who is under the Abbot, and 4 others of the moſt grave of the houſe: and that any déed ſealed with the Common Seal, which is not ſo in kéeping, ſhall be void: and the opinion of the Court (Anno 27 H. 6. Annuity 41.) was, that this Statute was void, for it is impertinent to be obſerved, for the Seal being in their kéeping, the Abbot cannot ſeal any thing with it, and when it is in the Abbots hands it is out of their kéeping ipſo facto; and if the Statute ſhould be obſerved, every Common Seal ſhall be defeated upon a ſimple ſurmiſe, which cannot be tryed. Note Reader, the words of the ſaid Statute of Carliſle which was made 35 E. 1. which is called Statutum Religioſorum, are, Et inſuper ordinavit dominus Rex & ſtatuit, quod Abbates Ciceſtr' & Premonſtraten' ordin' religioſorum, &c. de caetero habeant Sigillum Commune, & illud in cuſtodia Prioris Monaſterii ſui domus, & quatuor de dignioribus & diſcretioribus ejuſdem loci conventus ſub privato Sigillo Abbatis ipſius loci cuſtod' depon' &c. Et ſi forſan aliqua ſcripta obligationum, donationum, emptionum, venditionum, alienationum, ſeu aliorum quorumcunque contractuum alio ſigillo quàm tali ſigillo communi, ſicut praemit' cuſtodit', inveniant' à modo ſigillata, pro nullo penitus habeantur, omnique careant firmitate. So the Statute of 1 E. 6. cap. 14. giveth Chauntries, &c. to the King ſaving to the donor, &c. all ſuch rents, ſervices, &c. and the Common Law doth controll it, and adjudge the ſame void as to ſervices, and the donor ſhall have the Rent as a Rentſeck diſtr. of Common right, for it ſhould be againſt Common right and reaſon that the King ſhould hold of any, or do ſervice to any of his Subjects, 14 Eliz. Dyer 313. And ſo was it adjudged Mich. 16 and 17 Eliz. in the Common Pleas in Stroud's Caſe. So if any Act of Parliament giveth to any to hold, or to have Conuſans of Pleas of all manner of Pleas ariſing before him within his Mannor of D. yet he ſhall hold no Plea, to which himſelf is party; for, as hath béen ſaid, iniquum eſt aliquem ſuae rei eſſe judicem. 5. If he ſhall forfeit 5 li. for one month by the firſt clauſe, and ſhall be puniſhed for practiſing at any time by the ſecond clauſe, two abſurdities would follow; 1. That one ſhould be puniſhed not onely twice, but many times for one and the ſame offence; And the Divine ſaith, Quòd Deus non agit bis in idipſum; and the Law ſaith, Nemo debet bis puniri pro uno delicto. 2. It ſhould be abſurd, by the firſt clauſe to puniſh practiſing for one month, and not for leſſer time, and by the 2. to puniſh practiſing not onely for a day, but at any time; ſo he ſhall be puniſhed by the firſt branch for one month by the forfeiture of 5 li. and by the 2. by fine and impriſonment, without any limitation for every time of the month in which any one doth practiſe Phyſick. And all theſe reaſons were proved by 2 grounds or Maxims of Law. 1. Generalis Clauſula non porrigitur ad ea quae ſpecialiter ſunt comprehenſa. And the Caſe between Carter and Ringſtead, Hill. 34 Eliz. rot. 120. in the Common Pleas, was cited to this purpoſe, where the Caſe in effect was, That A. ſeized of the Mannor of Staple in Odiham in the County of Southampton in Fée, and alſo of other lands in Odiham aforeſaid in Fée, ſuffered a common Recovery of all, and declared the uſe by Indenture, That the Recoverer ſhould ſtand ſeized of all the lands and tenements in Odiham to the uſe of A. and his wife, and to the heirs of his body begotten; and further, that the Recoverer ſhould ſtand ſeized to the uſe of him, and to the heirs of his body, and died; and the wife ſurvived, and entred into the ſaid Mannor by force of the ſaid general words. But it was adjudged, That they did not extend to the ſaid Mannor which was ſpecially named; and if it be ſo indéed à fortiori, it ſhall be ſo in an Act of Parliament, which (as a Will) is to be expounded according to the intention of the makers. 2. Verba poſteriora propter certitudinem addita, ad priora quae certitudine indigent, ſunt referenda. 6 E. 3. 12. Sir Adam de Clydrow Knight brought a Praecipe quod reddat againſt I. de Clydrow, and the writ was, Quod juſte, &c. reddat Manerium de Wicombe & duas carucatas terrae cum pert. in Clydrow, in that caſe the Town of Clydrow did not relate to the Mannor, quia non indiget, for a Mannor may be demanded without mentioning that it lieth in any Town; but cum pertinentiis, although that it cometh after the Town▪ ſhall relate to the Mannor, quia indiget. Vide 3 E. 4. 10. the like caſe. But it was objected, That where by the ſecond clauſe it was granted, that the Cenſors ſhould have ſuperviſum & ſcrutinium, correctionem & gubernationem omnium & ſingulorum Medicorum, &c. they had power to fine and impriſon. To that it was anſwered, 1. That the ſame is but part of the ſentence, for by the entire ſentence it appeareth in what manner they ſhall have power to puniſh, for the words are, ac punitionem eorum pro delictis ſuis in non bene exequendo, ſaciendo ſeu utendo illâ facultate: ſo that without queſtion all their power to correct and puniſh the Phyſicians by this clauſe īs onely limited to 3 caſes, ſcil. in non bene exequendo, faciendo, vel utendo, &c. Alſo this word punitionem, is limited and reſtrained by theſe words, Ita quòd punitio eorundem Medicorum, &c. ſic in praemiſſis delinquentium, &c. which words, ſic in praemiſſis delinquentium, limit the firſt words in the firſt part of this ſentence, ac punitionem eorum pro delictis in non bene exequendo. 2. It ſhall be abſurd, That in one and the ſame ſentence the makers of the Act ſhall give them a general power to puniſh without limitation; and a ſpecial manner how they ſhall puniſh in one and the ſame ſentence. 3 Hil. 38 Eliz. in a Quo Warranto againſt the Mayor and Commonalty of London, it was holden, That where a Grant is made to the Mayor and Commonalty, that the Mayor for the time being ſhould have plenum & integrum ſcrutinium, gubernationem & correctionem omnium & ſingulorum Myſteriorum, &c. without granting to them any Court, in which ſhould be legal procéedings, that the ſame is good for ſearch, by which diſcovery may be made of offences and defects, which may be puniſhed by the Law in any Court; but it doth not give, nor can give them any irregular or abſolute power to correct or puniſh any of the Subjects of the Kingdom at their pleaſures. 2. It was objected, That it is incident to every Court created by Letters Patents, or Act of Parliament, or other Courts of Record, to puniſh any misdemeanors done in Court, in diſturbance or contempt of the Court, by impriſonment. To which it was anſwered, That neither the Letters Patents nor the Act of Parliament hath granted to them any Court, but onely an authority, which they ought to purſue, as it ſhall be afterwards ſaid. 2. If any Court had béen granted to them, they could not by any incident authority implicitè granted unto them for any miſdemeanor done in Court, commit him to priſon without bail or mainpriſe, untill he ſhall be by the commandment of the Preſident and Cenſors, or their Succeſſors, delivered, as the Cenſors have done in this caſe. 3. There was not any ſuch miſdemeanor for which the Court might impriſon him, for he onely ſhewed his caſe to them, which he was adviſed by his Councel he may juſtifie, which is not any offence worthy of impriſonment.

The ſecond point. Admitting that the Cenſors had power by the Act, if they have purſued their authority or not? And it was reſolved by the chief Iuſtice, Warburton, and Daniel, that they have not purſued it for 6 cauſes. 1. By the Act the Cenſors onely have power to impoſe a fine or amercement; and the Preſident and Cenſors do impoſe the amercement of 5 li. upon the Plaintiff. 2. The Plaintiff was ſummoned to appear before the Preſident and Cenſors, &c. and did not appear; and therefore he was fined 10 li. whereas the Preſident hath not any authority in that caſe. 3. The fines and amercements to be impoſed by them by force of the Act, do not belong to them but to the King, for the King hath not granted the fines and amercements to them, and yet the fine is appointed to be paid to them in proximis Comitiis, and they have impriſoned the Plaintiff for non-payment thereof. 4. They ought to have committed the Plaintiff preſently by conſtruction of Law, although that no time be limited in the Act, as in the Stat. of Weſt. cap. 12. De Servientibus, Ballivis, &c. qui ad compotum reddend' tenentur, &c. cum Dom' hujuſmodi ſervientium dederit eis auditores compoti, & contingat ipſum in arreragiis ſuper compotum ſuum omnibus allocatis & allocandis, arreſtentur corpora eorum, & per teſtimonium auditorum ejuſdem compoti mittantur & liberentur proximae gaolae Domini Regis in partibus illis, &c. in that caſe, although that no time be limited when the Accomptant ſhall be impriſoned, yet it ought to be preſently, as it is holden in 27 H. 6. 8. and the reaſon thereof is given in Fogoſſa's Caſe Plow. Com. 17. that the generality of time ſhall be reſtrained to the preſent time for the benefit of him upon whom the pain ſhall be inflicted, and therewith agréeth Plow. Com. 206. b. in Stradling's Caſe. And a Iuſtice of Peace upon view of the force, ought to commit the offender preſently. 5. For as much as the Cenſors had their authority by the Letters Patents and Act of Parliament, which are high matters of Record, their proceedings ought not to be by word, and ſo much the rather, becauſe they claimed authority to fine and impriſon. And therefore if Iudgment be given againſt one in the Common Pleas in a Writ of Recaption, he ſhall be fined and impriſoned; but if the Writ be Vicontiel in the County, there he ſhall not be fined or impriſoned, becauſe that the Court is not of Record, F. N. B. in bre. de Recaptione, ſo in 47 F. N. B. a Plea of Treſpaſs vi & armis doth not lie in the County Court, hundred Court, &c. for they cannot make Record of fine and impriſonment; and regularly thoſe who cannot make a Record, cannot fine and impriſon. And therewith agréeth 27 H. 8. Book of Entries: The Auditors make a Record when they commit the Defendant to priſon; A Iuſtice of Peace upon view of the force may commit, but he ought to make a Record of it. 6. Becauſe the Act of 14 H. 8. hath given power to impriſon untill he ſhall be delivered by the Preſident and the Cenſors, and their Succeſſors, reaſon requireth that the ſame be taken ſtrictly, for the liberty of the Subject (as they pretend) is at their pleaſure: And the ſame is proved by a Iudgment in Parliament in this Caſe; For when this Act of 14 H. 8. had given power to the Cenſors to impriſon, yet it was taken ſo literally, that the Gaoler was not bound to receive them which they committed to him, and the reaſon thereof was, becauſe they had authority to do it without any Court: And thereupon the Statute of 1 Mar. cap. 9. was made, that the Gaoler ſhould receive them upon a pain, and none can be committed to any priſon, if the Gaoler cannot receive him: but the firſt Act for the cauſe aforeſaid was taken ſo literally, that no neceſſary incident was implyed. And where it was objected that this very Act of 1 Mariae hath enlarged the power of the Cenſors, and that upon the word of the Act; It was clearly reſolved that the ſaid Act of 1 Mariae did not enlarge the power of the Cenſors to fine or impriſon any perſon for any cauſe for which he ought not to be fined and impriſoned by the ſaid Act of 14 H. 8. For the words of the Act of Q. Mary are according to the tenor and meaning of the ſaid Act: Alſo ſhall ſend or commit any Offender or Offenders for his or their offence or diſobedience, contrary to any Article or clauſe contained in the ſaid Grant or Act, to any Ward, Gaol, &c. But in this Caſe Bonham hath not done any thing which appeareth within this Record, contrary to any Article or clauſe contained within the Grant or Act of 14 H. 8. Alſo the Gaoler who refuſeth ſhall forfeit the double value of the fines and amerciaments that any offender or diſobedient ſhall be aſſeſſed to pay; which proveth that none ſhall be received by any Gaoler by force of the Act of 14 H. 8. but he who may be lawfully fined or amerced by the Act of 14 H. 8. and for that was not Bonham, as by the reaſons and cauſes aforeſaid it appeareth. And admit that the replication be not material, and the Defendants have demurred upon it; yet foraſmuch as the Defendants have confeſſed in the Bar, that they have impriſoned the Plaintiff without cauſe, the Plaintiff ſhall have Iudgment. And the difference is, when the Plaintiff doth reply, and by his replication it appeareth that he hath no cauſe of action, there he ſhall never have judgment: But when the Bar is inſufficient in matter, or amounteth (as this Caſe is) to a confeſſion of the point of the action, and the Plaintiff replyeth and ſheweth the truth of the matter to enforce his Caſe, and in Iudgment of Law it is not material; yet the Plaintiff ſhall have Iudgment; for it is true that ſometimes the Count ſhall be made good by the Bar, and ſometimes the Bar by the Replication, and ſometimes the Replication by the Rejoynder, &c. But the difference is when the Count wantethtime, place or other circumſtance, it may be made good by the Bar, ſo of the Bar, Replication, &c. as appeareth in 18 E. 4. 16. b. But when the Count wanteth ſubſtance, no Bar can make it good; ſo of the Bar, Replication, &c. and therewith agrée 6 E. 4. 2. a good caſe, and mark there the words of Choke, vid. 18 E. 3. 34. b. 44 E. 3. 7. a. 12 E. 4. 6. 6 H. 7. 10. 7 H. 7. 3. 11 H. 4. 24. &c. But when the Plaintiff makes a Replication, Sur-rejoynder, &c. and thereby it appeareth, that upon the whole matter and Record the Plaintiff hath no cauſe of action, he ſhall never have Iudgment, although that the Bar or remainder be inſufficient in matter, for the Court ought to judge upon the whole Record, and every one ſhall be intended to make the beſt of his own caſe. Vid. Rigeways caſe in the 3. part of my Reports 52. And ſo theſe differences were reſolved and adjudged betwéen Kendall and Heyer, Mich. 25 & 26 Eliz. in the Kings Bench. And Mich. 29 & 30 Eliz. in the ſame Court betwéen Gallys and Burbry. And Coke Chief Iuſtice in the concluſion of his argument did obſerve 7 things for the better direction of the Preſident and Commonalty of the ſaid Colledge in time to come. 1. That none can be puniſhed for practiſing of Phyſick in London, but by forfeiture of 5 li. by the month, which is to be recovered by the Law. 2. If any practiſe Phyſick there for a leſs time than a month, that he ſhall forfeit nothing. 3. If any perſon prohibited by the Statute offend in non bene exequendo, &c. they may puniſh him according to the Statute within the month. 4. Thoſe who may commit to priſon by the Statute, ought to commit preſently. 5. The fines which they ſet, according to the Statute, belong to the King. 6. They cannot impoſe a fine or impriſon without a Record of it. 7. The cauſe for which they impoſe fine and impriſonment ought to becertain, for the ſame is traverſable; For although they have the Letters Patents and an Act of Parliament; yet becauſe the party grieved hath not other remedy, neither by Writ of Error or otherwiſe, and they are not made Iudges, nor a Court given to them, but have an authority onely ſo to doe, the cauſe of their commitment is traverſable in an action of falſe impriſonment brought againſt them; as upon the Statute of Bankrupts, their Warrant is under the great Seal, and by Act of Parliament; yet becauſe the party grieved hath no other remedy, if the Commiſſioners do not purſue the Act and their Commiſſion, he ſhall traverſe, That he was not a Bankrupt, although the Commiſſioners affirm him to be one; as this Term it was reſolved in this Court in Treſpaſs betwéen Cutt and Delabarre, where the iſſue was, Whether William Piercy was bankrupt or not, who was found by the Commiſſioners to be a bankrupt: à fortiori, in the Caſe at Bar, the cauſe of the impriſonment is traverſable; for otherwiſe the party grieved may be perpetually without juſt cauſe impriſoned by them: But the Record of a force made by one Iuſtice of Peace is not traverſable, becauſe he doth the ſame as Iudge, by the Statutes of 15 R. 2. and 8 H. 6. and ſo there is a difference when one maketh a Record as a Iudge, and when he doth a thing by a ſpecial authority, as they did in the Caſe at Bar, and not as a Iudge. And afterwards for the ſaid two laſt points Iudgment was given for the Plaintiff, nullo contradicente. And I acquainted Sir Thomas Fleming Chief Iuſtice of the Kings Bench with this Iudgment, and with the reaſons and cauſes thereof, who approved of the Iudgment which we had given: And the ſame is the firſt judgment upon the ſaid Branch concerning fine and impriſonment which hath béen given ſince the making of the ſaid Charter and Acts of Parliament, and therefore I thought it worthy to be reported and publiſhed.

THomas Bonham brought an Action of falſe impriſonment againſt Dr. Atkins, and divers Action of falſe impriſonment. other Doctors of Phyſick: The Defendants juſtified, that King H. 8. Anno Decimo of his Reign, founded a College of Phyſicians, and pleaded the Letters Patents of the Corporation: And that they have authority by that to chuſe a Preſident, &c. as by the Letters Patents, &c. and then plead the Statute of 32 H. 8. Cap. 40. And that the ſaid Doctor Atkins was choſen Preſident according to the ſaid Act and Letters Patents. And by the ſaid Act and Letters Patents it is provided, That none ſhall Practiſe in the City of London or the Suburbs of it, or within ſeven miles of the ſaid City, or exerciſe the faculty of Phyſick, if he be not thereto admitted by the Letters of the Preſident and College ſealed with their Common Seal, under the penalty of a hundred ſhillings for every month that he (not being admitted) ſhall exerciſe the ſaid faculty. Further we will and grant for us and our Succeſſors, to the Preſident and College of the Society for the time being, and their Succeſſors for ever, that they may chuſe four every year, that ſhall have the overſeeing and ſearching, corecting and governing of all in the ſaid City, being Phyſicians, uſing the faculty of Medicine in the ſaid City, and of other Phyſicians abroad whatſoever, the faculty of Phyſicking by any means frequenting and uſing within the ſaid City or Suburbs thereof, or within ſeven miles in compaſs of the ſaid City, and of puniſhing them for their offences, in not well executing, making and uſing it: And that the puniſhing of thoſe Phyſicians uſing the ſaid faculty, ſo in the Premiſſes offending, by fines, amerciaments, impriſonments of their bodies, and by other reaſonable and fitting ways ſhall be executed. Note, the Preamble of theſe Letters Patents is, Quòd cùm regii officii noſtri munus arbitremur, ditionis noſtrae hominum foelicitati omni ratione conſulere, Id autem vel imprimis fore, ſi improborum conaminibus tempeſtivè occurramus, apprimè neceſſarium fore duximus, improborum quoque hominum, qui medicinam magis avaritiae ſuae cauſâ, quàm ullius bonae conſcientiae fiduciâ profitebuntur, unde rudi & credulae plebi plurima incommoda oriuntur, audaciam compeſcere. And that the Plaintiff practiſed in London, without admiſſion of the College; and being ſummoned to appear at the College, and examined if he would give ſatisfaction to the College according to the ſaid Letters Patents and Statute, he anſwered, that he had received his Degrée to be Doctor of Phyſick by the Vniverſity of Cambridge, and was allowed by the Vniverſity to practiſe, and confeſt that he had practiſed within the ſaid City, and as he conceived it was lawfull for him to practiſe there; That upon that the ſaid Preſident and Commonalty fined him to a hundred ſhillings, and for not paying of that, and his other contempt, committed him to Priſon. To which the Plaintiff replyed as aforeſaid, and upon this demurrer was joyned. And Harris for Serj. Harris the younger. the Defendants ſaith, That this hath béen at another time adjudged in the King's bench, where the ſaid College impoſed a fine of five pound upon a Doctor of Phyſick which practiſed in London without their admiſſion, and for the non-payment of it, brought an action of debt, and adjudged that it lay well; and that the Statute of 32 H. 8. extends as well to Graduates as to others, for it is general, and Graduates are not excepted in the Statute, nor in the Letters Patents, and all the miſchiefs intended to be redreſſed by this, are not expreſſed in that; and the Statute ſhall not be intended to puniſh Impoſtors onely, but all other which practiſe without examination and admittance. For two things are neceſſary to Phyſicians, that is, learning and experience; and upon that there is a Proverb, Experto crede Roberto. And the Statute intends, that none ſhall practiſe here but thoſe which are moſt learned, and expert more than ordinary. And for that the Statute provides, that none ſhall practiſe here without allowance and examination by the Biſhop of London and the Dean of Pauls and four learned Doctors; But in other places the examination is referred onely to the Biſhop of the Dioceſs; The reaſon of the difference is, for that London is the heart of the Kingdom, And here the King and his Court, the Magiſtrates and Iudges of the Law, and other Magiſtrates are reſident. And with this agrées the Government of other well-governed Cities in Italy and other Nations, as it appears by the preamble of the ſaid Letters Patents. And it appears by the Statute, that this was not intended to extend to Impoſtors onely, for that the word Impoſtor is not mentioned in the Statute: And the Statute provides, that they ſhall be puniſhed as well for doing and uſing, as for ill uſing: And alſo it is provided by the Statute of 1. Mary 1 Parliament Chap. 9. That the Gardians, Gaolers, or Kéepers of the Wards, Gaols and Priſons within the City and Precinct of it, ſhall receive into their Priſons all ſuch perſon and perſons ſo offending, which are ſent or committed to them, and thoſe ſafely ſhall kéep without Bail, till the party ſo committed ſhall be diſcharged by the ſaid Preſident, or other perſon by the ſaid College to that authoriſed; By which it appears, that the Gaolers and Kéepers of Priſons have power to retain ſuch which are committed: That then the Preſident ſhall have power to commit; for things implied are as ſtrong as things expreſſed; as it appears by the Com. Stradling and Morgans Caſe: And alſo in the Earl of Leiceſter's Caſe, where it is agréed, that Ioynture before Coverture cannot be waved; and this is implied within the Statute of 27 H. 8. And ſo the Statute of 2 E. 6. provides that after ſeven years Tithes ſhall be paid, by which it is collected by Implication, that during ſeven years Tithes ſhall not be paid; And ſo he prayed Iudgment for the Defendants.

Dodridge, Serjeant of the King, for the Plaintiff ſaid, That the Statute of 24 H. 8. Chap. 5. and the Letters Patents give power to four Cenſors to puniſh for ill executing, doing and uſing the faculty of a Phyſician; and the Plaintiff was not charged for ill executing of it, doing or uſing: But it is averred, Where revera the Plaintiff was nothing ſufficient to exerciſe the ſaid Art, and being examined, leſs apt to anſwer, thereupon they forbad him, and being ſent for and not appearing, he was amerced five pound, and order that he ſhould be arreſted; and being arreſted, upon his appearance being examined if he would ſubmit himſelf to the ſaid Colledge, he anſwered and confeſſed that he had practiſed within the ſaid City, being a Doctor of Phyſick as aforeſaid, as well to him it was lawfull, and that he would practiſe here again, for which he was committed to Priſon: ſo that he was amerced for his contempt in the uſing of the ſaid Art, and committed to Priſon for his anſwer upon his examination: And he conceived that there are two queſtions conſiderable.

Firſt, if the College may reſtrain a Doctor of Phyſick of his Practice in London.

Secondly, admitting that they may, then if theſe are the cauſes for which they may commit by their Letters Patents. The firſt reaſon is drawn from the Letters Patents, and the ſaid Statutes, in which he ſaid, that the intent of the King was the end of his work: And this intent ſhall be expounded for thrée Reaſons apparent in the words contained in the Grant.

Firſt, Tempeſtivè improborum Conatibus occurrere.

Secondly, Improborum hominum, qui Medicinam magis avaritiae ſuae cauſâ, quàm ullius bonae conſcientiae fiduciâ profitebuntur, audaciam compeſcere.

Thirdly, which would invite learned men to practiſe here, Collegium perpetuum doctorum & gravium virorum qui Medicinam in Urbe noſtra Londino & Suburbiis infra ſeptem millia paſſuum ab urbe quaquaverſus, publicè exerceant, inſtitui volumus & imperamus. And further he ſaith, that there are thrée ſorts of men which meddle with the body of a man.

The Firſt is the Learned man, which reads all books extant, and his knowledge is ſpeculative, and by that he knew the nature of all Simples.

The ſecond is Practick, the knowledge of which is onely his experience; he may give probatum eſt; but is ignorant of the cauſe of the diſeaſe, and the nature of the things which he applies for the cure of it.

And the third is an Impoſtor, which takes upon him the knowledge which he hath not. And every of theſe the College may puniſh for Malè utendo, faciendo, vel exequendo, by which way they will. And this was not the firſt care which was had; for in the 9 H. 5. was a private Act made for Phyſicians, by which there is great regard to them which are learned and educated in the Vniverſity; And for that the Act provides that they ſhall not be prejudicial to any of the Vniverſities of Oxford and Cambridge (and with this agrées 3 H. 8. 11.) and the priviledge of them. And the Docti & graves homines, mentioned in the Letters Patents, are the learned men mentioned in the Act; for the Statute provides, that they ſhall puniſh according to theſe Statutes, and late Edicts. And by the former Laws, the Vniverſities and their priviledges were excepted, and by their former Statutes the Letters Patents ought to be directed, for it is referred to them. Alſo the Statutes of this Realm have always had great reſpect to the Graduates of the Vniverſities, and it is not without cauſe, for ſudavit & alſit, and hath no other reward but this Degrée, which is Doctor. And for that the Statute of 21 H. 8. prefers Graduates, and provides that Doctors of Divinity, or Batchelors ſhall be capable of two Benefices with Cure without diſpenſation: And ſo 13 Eliz. provides that none ſhall be preſented to a Benefice above the value of thirty pound per annum, if he be not a Doctor or Batchelor of Divinity. And to the objection that none ſhall practiſe in London or ſeven miles circuit of it without licence, that this clauſe ſhall be expounded according to the matter, and to that he agréed; for the other branches of the Statute are made to cheriſh grave and learned men, and therefore it ſhall not be intended, that this branch was made for the puniſhment of thoſe, but of others which the Statute intended to puniſh.

And to the ſecond Objection, that every Doctor is not the learned and grave man intended within the Statute, for the knowledge of many of them is onely ſpeculative without practice; to that he anſwered, That all their ſtudy is practice, and that if they have no practice of themſelves, then they attend upon others which practiſe, and apply themſelves to know the nature of Simples.

And to the third Objection, that in London ought to be choice men, for the Statute appoints that they ſhall be examined by the Biſhop and Dean, and four others at leaſt; and for that there is a more ſtrict courſe for them, than in other places; to that it is agréed. But he ſaid, that in the Vniverſity there is a more ſtrict courſe than this; for here he ought to be publickly approved by many after he hath béen examined, and anſwered in the Schools to divers queſtions, and allowed by the Congregation houſe: And 35 H. 6. 55. Doctor is no addition, but a Degrée, (quia gradatim & progreſſione Doctrinae provenit) to that, and that Doctor is Teacher, and that he was firſt taught by others as a Scholar, and afterwards he is Maſter; and Doctor dicitur à docendo, quia docere permittitur, and they are called Maſters of their faculty; and that the original of Doctor came of the Synagogue of Iews, where there were Doctors of Law; and it appears that they had their Ceremonies in the time of H. 1. And when a man brings with him the Enſign of doctrine, there is no reaſon that he ſhould be examined again, for then if they will not allow of him, he ſhall not be allowed, though he be a learned and grave man; and it was not the intent of the King to make a Monopoly of this practice.

And to the ſecond point that he propounded, it ſéems that the juſtification is not good; which is, Quia non comparuit upon ſummons, he was amereed, and ordered that he ſhould be arreſted; and being arreſted, and examined if he would ſubmit himſelf to the College, he anſwered that he was a Doctor, and had practiſed and would practiſe within the ſaid City, as he conceived he might lawfully do; and for that ſhewing of this Caſe he was committed to priſon. And he conceived two things upon the Charter.

Firſt, that it doth not inhibit a Doctor to practiſe, but puniſheth him for ill uſing, exerciſing, and making; and ſecondly, that it impowers to impriſon the Empirick and Impoſtor; And ſo prayed Iudgment for the Plaintiff.

And after in Hilary Term in the ſame year this Caſe was argued by all the Iuſtices of the Common Bench two ſeveral days. The firſt day it was argued by Foſter, Daniel and Warburton Iuſtices, at whoſe arguments I was not preſent, but Foſter argued againſt the Plaintiff, and Daniel and Warburton with him, that the action of falſe impriſonment was well maintainable. And the ſecond day the ſame Caſe was argued again by Walmeſley Iuſtice, and Coke Chief Iuſtice; and Walmeſley argued as followeth; that is, That the Statute of 3 H. 8. was in the negative, that no perſon within the City of London or ſeven miles thereof, take upon him to exerciſe or occupy as Phyſician or Chirurgeon, &c. And he doth not know in any Caſe where the words of the Statute are negative, that they admit any interpretation againſt that, but one onely, and that is the Statute of Marlebridge Chap. 4. which provides that no Lord ſhall diſtrain in one County, and the beaſt diſtrained drive into another County. In which caſe though the words are negative, yet if the Lord diſtrain in one County, he may drive the beaſts to his Mannor in another County, of which the lands, in which the diſtreſs was taken, were held. But it is equity and reaſon in this Caſe, that the Statute ſhould admit ſuch exception; for it is not of Malice, but that the beaſts may remain within his fée. But in the principal Caſe there is not the like reaſon nor equity. And alſo the King H. 8. in his Letters Patents recites as followeth, that is, Cùm regii officii noſtri munus arbitremur, ditionis noſtrae hominum felicitati omni ratione conſulere, id autem vel imprimis fore, ſi improborum conatibus tempeſtivè occurramus, apprimè neceſſarium duximus improborum quoque hominum, qui Medicinam magis avaritiae ſuae cauſâ quàm ullius bonae conſcientiae fiduciâ profitebuntur, &c. By which it appears, that it is the office of a King to ſurvey his Subjects, and he is as a Phyſician to cure their maladies, and to remove Leproſies amongſt them, and alſo to remove all fumes and ſmells, which may offend or be prejudicial to their health, as it appears by the ſeveral Writs in theſe ſeveral Caſes provided. And ſo if a man be not right in his Wits, the King is to have the protection and Government of him, leſt he being infirm, waſte or conſume his Lands or Goods. And it is not ſufficient for him that his Subjects live, but that they ſhould live happily, and he diſcharges not his office, if his Subjects live a life, but if they live and flouriſh; and he hath cure as well of their bodies as of their lands and goods; for health for the body is as neceſſary as virtue to the mind. And the King H. 8. to expreſs his extraordinary care of his Subjects made the ſaid Act in the third year of his Reign, which was the beginning of his Eſſence, to that purpoſe. And by the Common Law, any Phyſician which was allowed by the Vniverſity, might practiſe and exerciſe the ſaid faculty within any place within England, without any diſpenſation, examination, or approbation of any: but after the making of the ſaid Act made in the third year of King H. 8. none may practiſe, exerciſe or occupy as Phyſician or Surgeon within the City of London and ſeven miles thereof, if he be not firſt examined, approved and admitted by the Biſhop of London and the Dean of Pauls for the time being, calling to them four Doctors of Phyſick or Chirurgeons, &c. And that no practiſer may occupy or exerciſe the ſaid faculty out of the ſaid Precincts, if he be not firſt examined, approved and admitted by the Biſhop of the Dioceſs, or in his abſence, by his Vicar General, every of them calling unto him ſuch expert perſons in the ſaid faculty, as their diſcretions think convenient. And the reaſon of this difference, as he conceived was for that in this City and the ſaid Precincts, the King and all his Councill, and all the Iudges and Sages of the Law, and divers other men of quality and condition live and continue, and alſo the place is more ſubject to infection, and the air more peſtiferous; and therefore there is more neceſſity, that greater care, diligence, and examination be made of thoſe which practiſed here in London and the Precincts aforeſaid, than of thoſe that practiſe in other places of the Realm; for in other places the people have better air, and uſe more exerciſe, and are not ſo ſubject to infection; and therefore there is no cauſe that ſuch care ſhould be uſed for them, for they are not in ſuch danger. And in the Statute there is not any exception of the Vniverſities nor of thoſe which are Graduates there, and therefore they ſhall be tried by the ſaid Act; and the Statute of 14 H. 8. Chap. 5. onely excepts thoſe which are Graduats of Oxford or Cambridge which have accompliſhed all things for their form without any Grace; and if this exception ſhall be intended to extend to others, then all the Vniverſities ſhall be excepted by it, and ſuch exception was too general. And over he ſaid, that the Plaintiff gave abſurd and contemptuous anſwer, when he being cited before them ſaid, that he would not be ruled nor directed by them (being ſuch grave and learned men) And for that he hath practiſed againſt the Statute, he was worthily puniſhed and committed; for it ſhould be a vain Law, if it did not provide puniſhment for them that offend againſt it. And Bracton ſaith, Nihil eſt habere Leges, ſi non ſit unus qui poteſt Leges tueri; and for this here are four grave and diſcréet men to defend and maintain the Law, and to puniſh all Offenders againſt it, according to the Statute, by impriſonment of their bodies and other reaſonable ways; and the ſaid four men have the ſearch as well of thoſe men, as of other Medicines. And the Statute of 1 Mary provides that the Kéepers of Priſons ſhall receive all which are committed by the ſaid four learned and grave men. And though there be great care committed to them by the ſaid Statute, and the ſaid Letters Patents, yet there is a greater truſt repoſed in them than this; for we commit to them our lives, when we receive Phyſick of them; and that not without cauſe, for they are men of gravity, learning and diſcretion; and for that they have power to make Laws, which is the office of the Parliament; for thoſe which are ſo learned may be truſted with any thing; and for the better making of theſe they have power to aſſemble all the Commons of their Corporation, and the King allows of that by his Letters Patents, for it is made by a congregation of wiſe, learned and diſcréet men; and the Statute of 1 Mary inflicts puniſhment upon contempts, and not for any other offences; And they hold a Court, and ſo may commit, as every other Court may, for a contempt of Common Right, without Act of Parliament or Information, or other legal form of Procéeding thereupon; as it appears by 7 H. 6. for a contempt committed in a Léet, the Steward committed the offender to Priſon, and it was abſurd to conceive that the Statute will allow of Commitment without cauſe. And it is a marvellous thing that when good Laws ſhall be made for our health and wealth alſo, yet we will ſo pinch upon them, that we will not be tryed by men of experience, practice and learning, but by the Vniverſity, where a man may have his Degrée by grace without merit. And ſo for theſe reaſons he concluded that this action is not maintainable.

Coke Chief Iuſtice ſaid, That the Cauſe which was pleaded why the Plaintiff was committed, was, for that he had exerciſed Phyſick within the City of London by the ſpace of a month, and did not very fitly anſwer, for which it was ordained by the Cenſors that he ſhould pay a hundred ſhillings, and that he ſhould forbear his practice, and that he did not forbear; and then being warned of that, and upon that being ſummoned to appear, did not appear; and for that it was ordained that he ſhould be arreſted; and that after he was ſummoned again, and then he appeared, and denied to pay the hundred ſhillings, and ſaid, that he would practiſe, for he was a Doctor of Cambridge; and upon that it was ordained that he ſhould be committed, till he ſhould be delivered by the Doctors of the College; and upon this was the Demurrer joyned. And in pleading the Plaintiff ſaid, that he was a Doctor of Philoſophy and Phyſick; upon which the Lord Chief Iuſtice took occaſion to remember a ſaying of Galen, that is, Ubi Philoſophia deſinit, ibi Medicina incipit, and he ſaid the onely queſtion of this Caſe depends not upon the payment of the ſaid hundred ſhillings, but upon the words of the Letters Patents of the King, and the ſaid two Statutes, the words of which are, Conceſſimus eidem Praeſidenti, &c. Quòd nemo in dicta Civitate, aut per ſeptem milliaria in circuitu ejuſdem exerceat dictam facultatem, niſi ad hoc per dictum Praeſidentem & communitatem ſeu Succeſſores eorum qui pro tempore fuerint admiſſus ſit, per ejuſdem Praeſidentis & Collegii literas ſigillo ſuo communi ſigillatas, ſub poena centum ſolidorum pro quolibet menſe, quo, non admiſſus, eandem facultatem exercuerit, dimidium inde nobis, & haeredibus noſtris, & dimidium dicto Praeſidenti & Collegio applicandum. Et praeterea volumus & concedimus pro nobis, &c. Quòd per Praeſidentem & Collegii communitatem pro tempore exiſtentes, & eorum Succeſſores in perpetuum, quatuor ſingulis annis per ipſos eligantur, qui habeant ſuperviſum, ſcrutinium, & correctionem & gubernationem omnium & ſingulorum dictae Civitatis Medicorum utentium facultate Medicinae in eadem Civitate, ac aliorum Medicorum forinſecorum quorumcunque facultatem illam Medicinae aliquo modo frequentantium & utentium infra eandem Civitatem & Suburbia ejuſdem ſive ſeptem milliaria in circuitu ejuſdem Civitatis, ac punitionem eorundem pro delictis ſuis in non bene exequendo, faciendo & utendo illa; nec non ſuperviſum & ſcrutinium omnium medicinarum & earum receptionum, per praedictos Medicos ſive aliquem eorum hujuſmodi ligeis noſtris pro eorum infirmitatibus curandis & ſanandis, dand', imponend', & utend', quoties & quando opus fuerit, pro commodo & utilitate eorundem ligeorum noſtrorum; Ita quod punitio hujuſmodi medicorum utentium dictâ facultate medicinae ſic in praemiſſis delinquentium, per Fines, Amerciamenta, Impriſonamenta corporum ſuorum & per alias vias rationabiles & congruas exequatur, as it appears in Raſtal, Phyſicians 8018. 392. So that there are two diſtinct Clauſes.

The firſt, if any exerciſe the ſaid faculty by the ſpace of a month without admiſſion by the Preſident, &c. he ſhall forfeit a hundred ſhillings for every month; be that good or ill, it is not material, the time is here onely material; for if he exerciſe it for ſuch a time, he ſhall forfeit as aforeſaid.

The ſecond Clauſe is, that the Preſident, &c. ſhall have Scrutinium Medicorum, &c. & punitionem eorum pro delictis ſuis in non bene faciendo, utendo & exequendo, &c. And for that the Preſident and the College may commit any delinquent to Priſon: And this he concluded upon the words of the Statute; and he agreed with Walmeſly, that the King hath had extraordinary care of the health of his Subjects; Et Rex cenſetur habere omnes Artes in ſcrinio Pectoris, and he hath here purſued the courſe of the beſt Phyſicians, that is, Removens & promovens, removens improbos illos qui nullius bonae conſcientiae fiduciâ profitebuntur, & audaces, & promovens ad ſanitatem▪ And for that the Phyſician ought to be profound, grave, diſcréet, grounded in learning, and ſoundly ſtudied, and from him cometh the Medicine which is removens & promovens.

And it is an old Rule, that a man ought to take care, that he do not commit his Soul to a young Divine, his body to a young Phyſician, and his goods or other eſtate to a young Lawyer, for In Juvene Theologo eſt Conſcientiae detrimentum, in Juvene Legiſlatore burſi decrementum, & in Juvene Medico Coemeterii incrementum; for in theſe cannot be the privity, diſcretion, and profound learning which is in the aged: And he denied that the College of Phyſicians is to be compared to the Vniverſity, for it is ſubordinate to that, Cantabrigia eſt Academia noſtra nobiliſſima, totius Regni oculus & ſol, ubi humanitas & doctrina ſimul ſluunt: But he ſaid, when he names Cambridge, he doth not exclude Oxford, but placeth them in equal rank: But he would always name Cambridge firſt, for that was his mother: And he ſaith, that there is not any time, pro non bene faciendo, utendo & exequendo, for this non ſuſcipit magis & minus. for ſo a man may grievouſly offend in one day, and therefore in ſuch a Caſe, his puniſhment ſhall be by Fines, Amerciaments, Impriſonments of their Bodies and other ways, &c. But if they practiſe well, though it be an offence againſt the Letters Patents and the Statute, yet the puniſhment ſhall be but pecuniary, and he ſhall not be impriſoned; for if he offend the body of a man, it is reaſon that his body ſhall be puniſhed, for Eodem modo quo quis delinquit, eodem punietur; but if a grave and learned Doctor or other, come and practiſe well in London by the ſpace of thrée wéeks and then departs, he is not puniſhable by the ſaid College, though it be without admiſſion, for peradventure ſuch a one is better acquainted with the nature and diſpoſition of my body, and for that more fit to cure any Malady in that than another which is admitted by the College; and he ſaid, that it was abſurd to puniſh ſuch a one, for he may practiſe in ſuch manner in deſpite of the College; for all the Lords and Nobles of the Realm, which have their private Phyſicians, which have acquaintance with their bodies, repair to this City, and to exclude thoſe of uſing their advice, were a hard and abſurd expoſition, for the old verſe is, Corporis auxilium Medico committe ſodali: And alſo he ſaid, that the ſaid Preſident and College cannot commit any Phyſician which exerciſeth the ſaid faculty without admiſſion for the ſpace of a Month, nor bring their Action before themſelves, nor levy that by any other way or means; But ought to have their action, or exhibite an Information upon the Statute, as it appears by the Book of Entries; for they ought to purſue their power which is given to them by the Statute; for otherwiſe the penalty being given, the one Moiety to them, and the other to the King, they ſhall be Iudges in propria cauſa, and ſhall be Summoners, Sheriffs, Iudges and parties alſo; which is abſurd. For if the King grant to one by his Letters Patents under the great Seal, that he may hold Plea, although he be a party, and if the King doth not appoint another Iudge than the Grantée which is Party, the Grant is void, though it be confirmed by Parliament, as it appears by 8 H. 6. 44 Ed. 3. The Abbot of Reading's Caſe; for it is ſaid by Herle in 8 Ed. 3. 30. Tregor's Caſe, that if any Statutes are made againſt Law and Right, they are null; and ſo are theſe, which make any man Iudge in his own Cauſe; and ſo in 27 H. 6. Fitz. Annuity 41. that the Statute of Carliſle will, that the Order of Ciſtertians and Auguſtines, which have Covent and Common Seal, that the Common Seal ſhall be in kéeping of the Prior, which is under the Abbot, and four others which are the moſt Sages of the houſe, and that any Déed ſealed with the Common Seal which is not ſo in kéeping ſhall be void; and the opinion of the Court was, that this is a void Statute, for it is impertinent to be obſerved, ſeeing when the Seal is in their kéeping, the Abbot cannot Seal any thing with it, and when it is in the hands of the Abbot, it is out of their kéeping, ipſo facto: And if the Statute ſhall be obſerved, every Common ſeal ſhall be defeated by one ſimple ſurmiſe, which cannot be tried: and for that, the Statute was adjudged void and repugnant. And ſo the Statute of Glouceſter which gives Ceſſavit after the Ceſſer by two years to be brought by the Leſſor himſelf, was a good and equitable Statute: But the Statute of Weſtminſter 2. Chap. 3. which gives Ceſſavit to the Heir for Ceſſer in time of his Anceſtor, was judged an unreaſonable Statute in 33 Ed. 3. for that the Heir cannot have the Arrearages due in the time of his father, according to the Statute of Glouceſter, and for that it ſhall be void. And alſo the Phyſicians of the College could not puniſh any by Fine, and alſo by Impriſonment; for no man ought to be twice puniſhed for one offence. And the Statute of 1 Mariae doth not give any power to them to commit for any offence which was no offence within the firſt Statutes, and therefore he ought not to be committed by the ſaid Statute of 1 Mariae: But admitting that they may commit, yet they have miſtaken it; for they demand the whole hundred ſhillings, and one half of that belongs to the King: And alſo they ought to commit him forthwith, as well as Auditors which have authority by Parliament, to commit him that is found in Arrearages: But if they do not commit him forthwith, they cannot commit him afterward, as it appears by 27 H. 6. 9. So two Iuſtices of the Peace may view a force and make a Record of it, and commit the offenders to Priſon, but this ought to be in flagranti Oriente: And if he do not commit thoſe immediately upon the View, he cannot commit them afterwards. And the Phyſicians have no Court, but if they have, yet they ought to make a Record of their commitment, for ſo was every Court of Iuſtice to doe: But they have not made any Record of it. And Auditors and Iuſtices of Peace ought to make Records, as it appears by the Book of Entries. So that admitting that they may commit, yet they ought to doe it forthwith; But in this caſe they cannot commit till the party ſhall be delivered by them, for this is againſt Law and Iuſtice; and no Subject may do it, but till he be delivered by due courſe of Law; for the Commitment is not abſolute, but the cauſe of it is traverſable, and for that ought to Iuſtify for ſpecial cauſe. For if the Biſhop returns, that he refuſes a Clerk for that he is Schiſmaticus inveteratus, this is not good, but he ought to return the particular matter, ſo that the Court may adjudge of that: Though it be a matter of Divinity, and out of their ſcience, yet they by conference may be informed of it; and ſo of Phyſick. And they cannot make any new Laws, but ſuch onely which are for the better government of the old. And alſo he ſaid plainly, that it appears by the Statute of 1 Mariae, That the former Statutes ſhall not be taken by Equity, for by theſe the Preſident and Commons have power to commit a delinquent to Priſon; and this ſhall be intended, if they ſhall be taken by Equity, that every Gaoler ought to receive him which is ſo committed: But when it is provided by 1 Mariae, ſpecially, that every Gaoler ſhall receive ſuch Offenders; by this it appears, That the former Statute ſhall not be taken in Equity: And ſo he concluded, that Iudgment ſhall be entred for the Plaintiff, which was done accordingly.

THe Preſident of the College and Comminalty of the faculty of Phyſick London brought debt againſt one George Butler: The Writ was, quòd reddat Domino Regi & Praeſidenti Collegii ac Comminal' facultat' Medicor' London, Qui tam pro Domino Rege quàm pro ſeipſo ſequitur 60. li. quas eis debet. And the Declaration was in the name of the ſaid Preſident by the ſaid name, qui tam pro Domino Rege quàm pro ſeipſo ſequitur, &c. which contained the Charter of H. 8. made Anno Regni ſui 10. and confirmed by Act of Parliament Anno Regni ſui 14. as it is contained in the Statute of 14 H. 8. and that the ſaid Defendant minimè ponderans the ſaid Statute or the Penalty thereof, exerciſed the faculty of Phyſick in London (although he was not admitted ſo to do by the Preſident and the College or Comminalty of the faculty of Phyſick London) by the ſpace of 12 months before the ſaid Action brought, per quod actio accrevit eidem Domino Regi & dicto Praeſidenti qui tam pro dicto Domino Rege quam pro ſeipſo ſequitur, &c. ad exigend' & habend' of the ſaid Defendant pro dicto Domino Rege & eodem Praeſidente & Colleg' praedict' 60 li. videlicet 5 li. pro quolibet menſe praedict' 12 Menſium praedict'. Tamen Deſendens praedicto Domino Regi & Praeſidenti non reddidit; unde the ſaid Preſident ſaid, that he was damnified to the value of 100 li.

The Defendant pleaded the Statute of 34 H. 8. whereby liberty is given to every one of the Kings Subjects that hath knowledge and experience of the nature of Herbs, Roots, Waters, or the operation of them by ſpeculation or practice, to exerciſe, apply and adminiſter to any external ulcer, wound, apoſtumation, outward tumor ſive morbo alicui alio any Herb, Ointment, Bath, Pulteſs or Plaſter according to the experience and ſcience of the ſaid diſeaſes or other Maladies eiſdem conſimil. or Potion pro calculo, Strangury, vel febr. without any impediment, any Statute or other thing to the contrary. And ſaith, that he was a Subject, and having experience and ſcience by ſpeculation and practice in the nature of Herbs, Roots and Waters, applied and miniſtred to divers of the Kings ſubjects Herbs, Ointment, Bath, Pulteſs, Plaſters and Potion to Vlcers, Diſeaſes, Maladies, Strangury and Ague, & talibus aliis morbis illis conſimilibus, prout ei bene licuit. And to the reſidue pleaded Not guilty. The Plaintiff replied to the firſt Plea and pleaded the Statute of 1 Mariae whereby the ſaid Charter and the ſaid Act of 14 H. 8. was confirmed in the whole. Whereupon the Defendant demurred and ſhewed for cauſe of Demurrer, that the Replication was a departure from the Declaration. And upon Argument in the Common Pleas Iudgment was given by the opinion of all the Iudges for the Plaintiff: and thereupon Error was brought in the Kings Bench. Two Errors were aſſigned; the one was the departure, the ſecond was, becauſe that the Writ was in the name of the King and the Preſident, and the Declaration was in the name of the Informer alſo. And after argument at the Bar by Council on both ſides, the Iudges delivered their opinions. The Chief Iuſtice began, and then Jones, Whitlock and Crook. They all ſaid, that Iudgment ought to be affirmed. Firſt, they agréed, that the Writ and Declaration were good: and although ſome Precedents be, that upon a penal Law the Writ be to anſwer the Informer qui tam pro ſeipſo quàm pro Domino Rege ſequitur; Yet they thought that the moſt proper and better way of a Writ was to anſwer the King and Informer; for the debt was given to them by moieties; therefore it is not ſo proper to demand all for the Informer, and yet to have a ſeveral judgment for the King and the Informer for the moieties: and ſo is Partridge and Crokers caſe in the Comment. But when it is by information, there it ſhall be that the Informer informs for the King and himſelf. Another exception was taken to the Writ, becauſe it is in the name of the Preſident and not of the College alſo; And alſo it was contrary in the end of the Declaration, where it is ſaid unde actio accrevit to the ſaid King and Preſident for to have 60 li. of the Defendant: For the King one Moiety, and for the Preſident and College the other Moiety. But it was adjudged by the Court, that notwithſtanding it was good; for Firſt, although the Incorporation was by the name of Preſident and College, notwithſtanding the ſuite is by the Charter given to the Preſident, and there may be a Corporation by one name, to purchaſe lands and otherwiſe, yet it ſhall ſue by another name. 11 E. 1. a Corporation was by the name of Maſter, Wardens, Brothers and Siſters of Rouncevill, and by the ſaid Patent it is ſaid they ſhould ſue by the name of Maſter and Wardens of Rouncevill. 2. Although that the Action is given by way of ſuite to the Preſident onely, yet the Recovery and money recovered ſhall be to the Preſident and College; therefore the Concluſion for to have the money to the Preſident and College was held good. The 3. point was reſolved, that the Plea in Bar was not good; for the liberty given is disjunctive for outward medicines to uſe Plaſters, Oyntment, Bathes, &c. and for 3 diſeaſes (to wit) the Stone, Strangury and Agues onely; yet they jumble all together, that he miniſtred the Ointments and Potions to all the ſaid Maladies, which cannot be, for he may not adminiſter a Potion unleſs to the ſaid 3 diſeaſes and no other. 4. It was reſolved that it was not any departure, but that the Replication was ſubſequent and purſuant to the Declaration. But for the main matter they ſaid nothing (to wit) whether the Statute of 1 Mariae took away the force of the Statute of 34 H. 8. for they gave their Iudgment upon the Bar by reaſon it was naught; Onely Crook ſpake to this point, and it ſéemed to him that the Statute of 34 H. 8. is not repealed or avoided by 1 Mariae.

ERror of a Judgment upon a Demurrer in the Common Bench. The firſt Error aſſigned was, Becauſe Term. Trin. ann. 8 Car. 1. in B. R. the Record was Ad reſpondendum Domino Regi & Praeſidenti Collegii, &c. Qui tam pro Domino Rege, quàm pro ſeipſo ſequitur, quòd reddat eis Sexaginta libras; unde idem Praeſidens qui tam, &c. dicit▪ &c. Whereas the Action ought to have béen brought by the Preſident onely qui tam, &c. and not by the King and Preſident, &c. Sed non allocatur; For being an Original Writ, the Writ is moſt often ſo, and ſometimes the other way. And they conceived it good both ways. But Informations are always, that the party qui tam for the King quàm pro ſeipſo ſequitur, &c. Vide Plowd. 77. New book of Entries 160. Old Book of Entries, 143. 373. The ſecond Error was, that the Replication was a departure from the Count; for the Count ſets forth, That King Henry the Eighth anno decimo regni ſui incorporavit (& per le Statut. of decimo quarto Henrici octavi confirmavit) the College of Phyſicians by the name of the Preſident, &c. that no man ſhould practiſe Phyſick in London, or within ſeven miles, without licence under the Seal of the College, upon the Penalty of 5 li. for every month that he ſo practiſed, the one moiety unto the King, the other unto the Preſident of the College, to the uſe of the ſaid College. And for that the Defendant not being allowed, &c. had practiſed Phyſick for twelve months in London, the ſaid Action was brought, &c. The Defendant pleads the Statute of triceſ • mo quarto Henrici Octavi, cap. 8. That every one who hath ſcience and experience of the nature of Herbs, Roots and Waters, or of the operation of the ſame by ſpeculation or practice, may miniſter or apply in and to any outward Sore, Vncome, Wound, Apoſthumations, outward ſwelling or diſeaſe, any Herb, Oyntments, Baths, Pulteſs, or Emplaſters, according to their cunning, experience and knowledge, &c. or drink for the Stone and Strangury, or Agues, in any part of the Realm, without ſuite, vexation, &c. any Act or Statute to the contrary notwithſtanding. And that he having skill in the nature of Herbs, Roots, and Waters by ſpeculation and practice, applied to perſons requiring his skill, Herbs, Oyntments, Baths, Drinks, &c. to their Sores, Vncomes, Wounds, and for the Stone and Strangury or Agues, and to all other diſeaſes in the ſaid Statute mentioned, prout ei bene licuit. Et quoad aliquam aliam practiſationem ſeu facultatem medicinae aliter vel alio modo, quòd non eſt culpabilis. Et de hoc ponit, &c. And makes his averment, Et hoc paratus eſt verificare. The Plaintiff replies and ſhews the Statute of primo Mariae capite nono, which confirms the Charter of Decimo Henrici octavi, and the Statute of Decimo quarto Henrici octavi, and appoints, that it ſhall be in force notwithſtanding any Statute or Ordinance to the contrary. And upon this it was demurred, becauſe it is a departure; for it intitles him by another Act, viz. the Statute of primo Mariae, which is not mentioned in the Count: and therefore 'twas aſſigned for Error. But all the Court here conceived, That it is no departure, becauſe it fortifies the Count, and is as to revive the Statute of decimo quarto Henrici octavi, if it were repealed in this particular by the Statute of triceſimo quarto Henrici octavi: And for that the Caſe of Woodhead was ſhewn to the Court, Mich. 42 & 43 Eliz. rot. 397. where the Preſident of the College of All-Souls brings an action upon the Caſe for taking Toll in—, and ſhews a Charter of viceſimo ſexto Henrici ſexti to be diſcharged of Toll; The Defendant pleaded the Act of Reſumption of Liberties granted by Henry the ſixth, made—, and ſo the liberty gone. The Plaintiff pleaded a reviver of them by the Statute of quarto Henrici ſeptimi: And it was held to be no departure, but as it were a confeſſion and avoiding. The third and principal Error aſſigned was, if the Statute of triceſimo quarto Henrici octavi be not repealed by the Statute of primo Mariae; and if not, Whether the Defendant hath made a ſufficient Iuſtification? And Quoad that, whether the ſaid Statute be repealed, the Court was not reſolved. But Richardſon Chief Iuſtice conceived it was repealed by primo Mariae, by the general words, any Act or Statute to the contrary of the Act of decimo quarto Henrici octavi, notwithſtanding. But I conceived, that the Act of triceſimo quarto Henrici octavi, not mentioning the Statute of decimo quarto Henrici octavi, was for Phyſicians; but the part of the Act of triceſimo quarto Henrici octavi was concerning Chirurgeons and their applying outward Medicines to outward Sores and Diſeaſes; And drinks onely for the Stone, Strangullion, and Ague; That Statute was never intended to be taken away by the Act of primo Mariae. But to this point Jones and Whitlock would not deliver their opinions. But admitting, the Statute of triceſimo quarto Henrici octavi be in force, yet they all reſolved, the Defendants Plea was naught, and not warranted by the Statute; For he pleads, That he applied and miniſtred Medicines, Plaſters, Drinks, Ulceribus, Morbis, & Maladiis, Calculo, Strangurio, Febribus, & aliis in Statuto mentionatis; ſo he leaves out the principal word in the Statute (Externis) and doth not refer and ſhew, That he miniſtred Potions for the Stone, Strangullion, or Ague, as the Statute appoints, to theſe thrée Diſeaſes onely, and to no other. And by his Plea his Potions may be miniſtred to any other ſickneſs: Wherefore they all held his Plea was naught for this cauſe, and that Iudgment was well given againſt him; Whereupon Iudgment was affirmed.

MEmorand' quod die Sabbati prox' poſttres ſeptimanas Sancti Michaelis iſto Lond. ſſ. eodem Termino coram domino Rege apud Weſtm' ven' Praeſidens Collegium ſeu Communitas facultat' Medicinae London qui tam pro domino Rege quàm pro ſeipſis ſequuntur per Franc' Scot Attorn' ſuum & protuler' hic in Cur' dicti domini Regis tunc ibidem quandam billam ſuam verſus Adrianum Huybert alias Hybert in cuſtod' Marr' &c. de placito debiti. Et ſunt pleg' de proſequend' ſcilicet Johannes Doe & Ricardus Roe. Quae quidem billa ſequitur in haec verba. ſſ. London ſſ. Preſidens Collegium ſeu Communitas facultat' medicinae London qui tam pro domino Rege quam pro ſeipſis ſequuntur queruntur de Adriano Huybert alias Hybert in cuſtod' Marr' Mareſc' domini Regis coram ipſo Rege exiſten' de placito quòd reddat eidem domino Regi ac praefat' Praeſident' Collegio ſeu Communitati qui tam, &c. centum libras legalis Monet' Angl' quas eis debet & injuſte detinet, pro eo videlicet, quòd cum Henricus Octavus nuper Rex Angliae per literas ſuas Patent' magno Sigillo ſuo Angliae ſigillat' Curiaeque domini Regis nunc hic prolat' geren' dat' apud Weſtm' in Com. Midd' viceſimo tertio die Septembr' Anno regni ſui decimo pro publico bono hujus regni in debito exercitio facultat' Medicinae & bona adminiſtratione medicinar' habend' incorporaſſet & feciſſet de Johanne Chamber, Thoma Linacre & Ferdinando de Victoria adtunc Medicis ejuſdem nuper Regis, & Nichol' Halſwell, Johanne Franciſco & Roberto Yaxley & omnibus aliis viris ejuſdem facultat' tunc de & infra Civitat' London unum Corpus & perpetuam Communitatem ſive Societatem facultatis medicinae, Et praefat' Doctoribus Johanni Chamber, Thomae Linacre, Ferdinando de Victoria medicis ejuſdem nuper Regis, Nichol' Halſwell, Johanni Franciſco & Roberto Yaxley Medicis conceſſit quòd ipſi omneſque homines ejuſdem facultat' de & in Civitat praedicta eſſent in re & nomine unum Corpus & Communitas perpetua ſive Collegium perpetuum, & quòd eadem Communitas ſive Collegium ſingulis annis in perpetuum eligere potuiſſent & facere de communitate illa aliquem providum virum & in facultate Medicinae expertum in Praeſident' ejuſdem Collegii ſive Communitatis ad ſupervidend' recognoſcend' & gubernand' pro illo anno Collegium ſive Communitat' praedict' & omnes homines ejuſdem facultat' & negotia eorundem; Et quòd iidem Praeſidens & Collegium ſive Communitas haberent ſucceſſionem perpetuam & commune ſigillum negotiis dictae Communitatis & Praeſidentis imperpetuum ſervitur.' Et quòd ipſi & ſucceſſores ſui imperpetuum forent perſonae habiles & capaces ad perquirend' & poſſidend' in feodo & perpetuitate terras & tenementa, reddit' & alias poſſeſſion' quaſcunque. Conceſſit etiam idem nuper Rex eis & ſucceſſoribus ſuis pro eodem nuper Rege & hered' ſuis, quòd ipſi & ſucceſſores ſui potuiſſent perquirere ſibi & ſucceſſoribus ſuis tam in dicta Urbe quàm extra terras & tenementa quaecunque Annuum valorem duodecim librar' non exceden' Statuto de alienatione ad manum mortuam non obſtante. Et quòd ipſi per nomina Praeſidentis Collegii ſeu Communitatis facultat' Medicinae London placitare & implacitari potuiſſent coram quibuſcunque Judicibus in Curiis & Action' quibuſcunque. Et quòd praedict' Praeſidens & Collegium ſive Communitas & eor' ſucceſſores congregationes licitas & honeſtas de ſeipſis ac Statuta & ordinationes pro ſalubri gubernatione, ſuperviſu & correctione Collegii ſive Communitatis praedict' & omnium hominum eandem facultat' in dicta Civitate ſeu per ſeptem milliaria in circuitu ejuſdem Civitat' exercen' ſecundum neceſſitat' exigentiam quoties & quando opus foret, facere valeant licitè & impunè ſine impedimento dicti nuper Regis haered' vel ſucceſſor' fuor', Juſticiarior', Eſcaetor', Vicecomitum & al' Ballivor' vel Miniſtror' ipſius nuper Regis haered' vel ſucceſſor' ſuor' quorumcunque. Conceſſit etiam idem nuper Rex eiſdem Praeſidenti & Collegio ſive Communitati & ſucceſſoribus ſuis quod nemo in dicta Civitate aut per ſeptem milliaria in circuitu ejuſdem exerceret dictam facultat' niſi ad hoc per dictum Praeſidentem & Communitatem ſeu ſucceſſores eorum qui pro tempore forent admiſſus eſſet per ejuſdem Praeſidentis & Collegii literas ſigillo ſuo communi ſigillat' ſub poena centum ſolidor' pro quolibet menſe quo non admiſſ. eandem facultatem exerceret, dimidium inde dicto nuper Regi & haered' ſuis & dimidium dicto Praeſidenti & Collegio applicand' prout in eiſdem literis Patent' hic in Cur' prolat' plenius continetur. Cumque etiam in Statuto in Parliament' dicti nuper Regis Henrici Octavi tent' apud London decimo quinto die Aprilis Anno regni ſui quarto decimo & abinde prorogat' uſque Weſtm' in Com' Midd' ult' die Julii Anno regni dicti nuper Regis quinto decimo & tunc & ibidem tent' inactitat' fuit, quòd praedicta Corporatio praedictae Communitat' & Societat' facultat' Medicinae praed' & omnia & ſingula conceſſa, articles, & al' res content' & ſpecificat' in praedictis literis Patent' forent approbat' conceſſ. ratificat' & confirmat' & clare authorizat' & admiſſ. bona legitima & valida Anglicè available praefat. corpori incorporat' & eorum ſucceſſoribus imperpetuum in tam amplo & largo modo quam capi, aeſtimari & conſtrui potuiſſet pro eadem, prout in eodem Statuto int' alia plenius continetur. Praedictus tamen Adrianus qui ad dictam facultatem exercend' per Praeſidentem & Communitatem facultatis Medicinae London praed' per aliquas literas Praeſidentis & Communitatis praed' ſigillo ſuo communi ſigillat' non admiſſus eſt nec unquam antehac admiſſus fuit, Statut' praed' minimè ponderans nec poenam in praedictis literis Patent' content' verens dictam facultatem Medicinae per ſpacium viginti menſium jam ult' elapſ. & prox' praeceden' ante diem exhibition' hujus billae ſcil' viceſimo tertio die Octobris Anno regni domini Caroli ſecundi nunc Regis Angliae viceſimo ſeptimo in Civitate London praedicta videlicet in Parochia beatae Mariae de Arcubus in Warda de Cheape London exercuit & adhuc exercet contra formam literar' Paten' praedictar' & Statuti praedicti, per quod actio accrevit tam dicto domino Regi nunc quam eiſdem Praeſidenti Collegio feu Communitat' ad exigend' & habend' de praefat' Adriano praed' Centum libras videlicet pro quolibet menſe praedictor' viginti menſium centum ſolid. Praedictus tamen Adrianus licet ſaepius requiſit' &c. praed. centum libras praefat' domino Regi & eiſdem Praeſidenti Collegio ſeu Communitati praed' ſeu eor' alteri nondum ſolvit ſed ill' eis hucuſque ſolvere omnino contradixit & adhuc contradic' ad dampnum ipſorum Praeſident' Collegii ſeu Communitat' praed' qui tam, &c. quadragint' librar'. Et inde tam pro eodem domino Rege quam pro ſeipſis producunt ſectam, &c.

Et praedictus Adrianus per Hugonem Gamlyn Attorn' ſuum ven' & defend' vim & injur' quando, &c. Et dicit quòd praedict' Praeſidens Collegium ſeu Communit' qui tam, &c. action' ſuam praed' inde verſus eum habere ſeu manutenere non debent quia dicit quod non habetur aliquod tale recordum alicujus talis Statut' Parliamenti praed' Henrici Octavi nuper Regis Angliae edit' qual' per praed' Praeſiden' Collegium ſeu Communitat' qui tam, &c. in Narration' praed' ſuperius inde recitat' & ſpec'. Et hoc parat' eſt verificare unde pet' Judicium ſi praed. Praeſiden' Collegium ſeu Communitas qui tam, &c. action' ſuam praed' inde verſus eum habere ſeu manutenere debeant, &c.

Et praedicti Praeſiden' Collegium ſeu Communitas facultat' Medicinae London qui tam, &c. dic. quòd ipſi per aliqua per praed. Adrianum ſuperius placitando allegat' ab actione ſua praedicta tam pro dicto domino Rege quam pro ſeipſis inde verſus ipſum Adrianum habend' praecludi non debent. Quia dic' quòd habetur tale record' praedicti Actus Parliamenti quale ipſi iidem Praeſidens Collegium ſeu Communitas facultat' Medicinae London qui tam, &c. ſuperius inde narra ••• allegaver' prout per record' inde in cur' Cancellar' dicti domini Regis nunc apud Weſtm' in com' Midd' de recordo reſiden' plenius conſtat de recordo. Et hoc parati ſunt verificare per record' inde prout cur' hic conſ. &c. Et ſuperinde dictum eſt per Cur' hic praefat' Praeſiden' Collegio ſeu Communitat' facultat' Medicinae London qui tam, &c. quod habeant record' praed' Actus Parliamenti coram domino Rege apud Weſtm' die prox' poſt—periculo ſuo incumbend'. Idem dies dat' eſt praedicto Adriano ibidem, &c. Ad quem diem coram domino Rege apud Weſtm' ven' partes praed. per Attorn' ſuos praed'. Et praed. Praeſiden' Collegium ſeu Communitas facultat' Medicinae London qui tam, &c. deliberavit hic in Cur' dicti domini Regis record' praed. Actus Parliamenti ſuperius allegat. huc miſſum è Cur' Cancellar' dicti domini Regis nunc virtute cujuſdam brevis ex praed Cur' Cancellar' dicti domini Regis nunc emanen' ac Juſtic' domini Regis ad placita coram ipſo Rege in Cur' hic tenend' aſſign' direct' Quod quidem Record' reman' hic int' Record' hujus Termini fine die affilat', &c. ſuper quo Record' praed' lecto & audit' & per Cur' dicti domini Regis nunc hic diligent' examinat' manifeſt' apparet Cur' domini Regis hic quòd habetur tale Record' Actus Parliament' praed' qual' per praed' Praeſiden' Collegium ſeu Communitat' facultat' Medicinae London qui tam, &c. ſuperius allegat' exiſtit. Ideo conſ. eſt quòd dictus dominus Rex nunc & praed' Praeſidens Collegium ſeu Communitas facultat' Medicinae London qui tam, &c. recuperent verſus praefat' Adrianum debitum praed' Centum librar' praed' per ipſum Adrianum forisfact' tam domino Regi quam praefat' Praeſidenti Collegio ſeu Communitat' facultat' Medicinae London qui tam, &c. occaſione exercitii ſui facultat' M •• icinae in Civit' London praed' contra formam literar. Paten' praed' & Statuti praed' Unde una medietas ſit dicto domino Regi nunc, altera vero medietas inde praefat' Praeſiden' Collegio ſeu Communitat' facultat' Medicinae London qui tam, &c. Et praedictus Adrianus in Miſericordia, &c.

THe Preſident and College of Phyſicians Plaintiffs againſt Huybert, Defendant.

The Plaintiffs ſued the Defendant upon their Letters Patents of H. 8. and the Statute of 14 H. 8. cap. 5. which confirms the ſame Letters Patents, for practiſing of Phyſick in London for ſeveral months mentioned in the Declaration without any licence or leave of the College of Phyſicians, whereby he forfeits five pounds for every month.

The Defendant pleaded nul tiel Record, videlicet, that there is no Record of any ſuch Statute as the Plaintiffs have ſuppoſed in the Declaration. And the Plaintiffs having joyned iſſue thereupon in Michaelmaſs Term laſt, had then aday given to bring forth the Record thereof untill this preſent Hilary Term: And now the Tenor of the Record of the ſaid Statute was by way of Mittimus ſent out of the Court of Chancery into the Court of Kings Bench to prove the iſſue for the Plaintiffs, by which it appeared to the Court of Kings Bench that there is ſuch an Act of Parliament as the Plaintiffs did declare upon.

Thereupon the Counſel at the Barr for the Defendant made two objections.

Firſt, that ſearch had béen made by the Defendant among the Records of Parliament, and it doth not appear there that the Royal aſſent was to this Act of Parliament mentioned in the Plaintiffs declaration and therefore there is not in truth or in Law any ſuch Act of Parliament. For when Statutes are enrolled, the Royal aſſent ought to be entred upon the Roll alſo.

Hales the Lord Chief Iuſtice anſwered, that this objection if it ſhould be allowed to be a good one, would endanger not onely this Act but many Acts of Parliament which have never yet béen queſtioned. For there are many Acts of Parliament, upon the Rolls whereof, the Royal Aſſent doth not appear, eſpecially if they be ancient Acts; And yet they have béen ever received as good Acts of Parliament. For the method of procéeding in the making of Acts of Parliament was anciently different from that which is now uſed: For formerly a Bill in the nature of a Petition was delivered to the Commons and by the Commons to the Lords, and then was entred upon the Lords Rolls, and there the Royal Aſſent was entred alſo. And upon this as a ground-work the Iudges uſed at the end of the Parliament to draw up the Act of the Parliament into the Form of a Statute, which afterwards was entred upon the Rolls called the Statute Rolls, which were different Rolls from thoſe called the Lords Rolls or the Rolls of Parliament. Vpon which Statute Rolls neither the Bill or Petition from the Commons, nor the Anſwer of the Lords, nor the Royal Aſſent was entred, but onely the Statute as it was drawn up and penned by the Iudges. And this was the method till about H. 5 's time; and in his time 'twas deſired that the Acts of Parliament might be drawn up and penned by the Iudges before the end of the Parliament: And this was by reaſon of a complaint then made that the Statutes were not fairly and equally drawn up and worded after the Parliament was diſſolved or prorogued.

In H. 6 's time the former method was altered, and then Bills continentes formam Actus Parliamenti were firſt uſed to be brought into the Houſe. The Bills were (before they were brought into the Houſe) ready drawn in the Form of an Act of Parliament, and not in the Form of a Petition as before; Vpon which Bills 'twas written by the Commons Soit baile al Seigneurs, and by the Lords Soit baile al Roy, and by the King Le Roy le voet. All this was written upon the Bill, and the Bill thus endorſed was to remain with the Clerk of the Parliament, and he was to enter the Bill thus drawn at firſt in the Form of an Act of Parliament or Statute upon the Statute Rolls, without entring of the Anſwer of the King, Lords and Commons upon the Statute Roll. And then iſſued out Writs to the Sheriffs with tranſcripts of the Statute Rolls, viz. of the Bill drawn at firſt in the Form of a Statute, and without the anſwer of the King, Lords and Commons to the Bill, to proclaim the Statutes.

Now this Record which is before us in Court upon the Mittimus is not a tranſcript of the Bill upon which the anſwer of the King, Lords and Commons was written, but it is a tranſcript of the Entry which was made upon the Statute Roll, upon which Roll it is not neceſſary that the Royal Aſſent muſt be entred. And though oftentimes the Royal Aſſent hath béen entred by the Clerk upon the Statute Rolls, yet 'tis not neceſſary that it ſhould be there to make a good Statute, it having béen before upon the Bill. There be many Statutes which have not the Royal Aſſent to them entred upon the Statute Rolls. This objection would deſtroy half the Acts of Parliament that be. If in the body of the Statute it ſelf the conſent of the King, Lords and Commons doth not appear, 'tis a void Statute, 'tis felo de ſe; As in the caſe of 4 H. 7. fol. 18. (which caſe is cited in Hobarts reports fol. 111. in the caſe there betwéen the King and the Lord Hunſdon and the Counteſs Dowager of Arundel and the Lord William Howard) upon an Act of Attainder of a particular perſon, the conſent of the Commons did not appear in it, and therefore ſaith the book, all the Iudges held clearly that it was no Act, and therefore he was reſtored. And yet it doth not hold true generally, that in the body of the Act the thrée Aſſents muſt particularly appear, eſpecially in caſes of Ancient Statutes: The reaſon is, becauſe the Forms of drawing up and wording ancient Statutes were very various, as 8 Cook Prince's Caſe, King Edw. 3. authoritate Parliamenti grants by an inſtrument in Form of a Charter, yet 'tis there held that it was a Statute.

And this very Act here in queſtion of 14 H. 8. hath always béen taken to be a good Act, as in Dr. Bonham's caſe in the 8 report, and in the 4 Inſt. and in Dr. Butler's caſe in Cro. Car. and in Jones's report.

But further Hales ſaid, that in this caſe here the Court is bound up to give Iudgment upon the Record that is certified unto the Court: And by the Record certified it appears to the Court, that it is a good Act of Parliament; for in the Certificate made to the Court the thrée Aſſents of the King, Lords and Commons are contained in the body of the Act. There be other Satutes of the ſame Seſſions of Parliament, viz. in 14 H. 8. which be as our Statute is, viz. without the Royal aſſent upon the Roll of the Statute, as the Act about the marrying of the Six Clerks, cap. 8. and the Act of the Port of Southampton, cap. 13. and other Statutes of the ſame Seſſions; and yet they have not béen ever queſtioned: and in truth the Royal Aſſent was at the end of the Bills of that Seſſions.

If the Defendant thinks that the certificate here is falſe, it being of an Act of Parliament, whenas he thinks there is no ſuch Act; The party grieved by ſuch falſe Certificate is to take his remedy by way of Action upon the Caſe againſt the Perſon that made ſuch falſe Certificate, as the Clerk of the Parliament or the Clerk in Chancery; but the Defendant cannot be admitted here in this Court to averr contrary to the Record certified, and ſo to relieve himſelf this way; for we have no power over thoſe Records; we cannot cauſe the Parliament Rolls themſelves to be brought into this Court, we take them to be as they are certified unto us.

Then the Counſel for the Defendant made a ſecond objection, viz. The iſſue here is whether there be ſuch a Record or no, and this iſſue is to be tried by the Record it ſelf: For all Records are of that high nature, that they can be tried onely by themſelves. Now here the Tenor of the Record onely, is certified and not the Record it ſelf, and therefore the iſſue here is not ſufficiently proved by the Plaintiffs in Law. And Pages caſe in the 5 rep. was cited, where 'tis reſolved that the Tenor of a Record is not pleadable at Common Law; that 'tis not ſufficient at Common Law to ſhew forth to the Court the Tenor of Letters Patents, but that the Letters Patents themſelves muſt be produced to the Court. 'Tis the Record it ſelf onely that is pleadable, and not the Tenor thereof; and by conſequence 'tis the Record it ſelf that muſt be certified here to prove this iſſue of nul tiel Record, and a Certificate of the Tenor onely, is not ſufficient.

Hales the Lord Chief Iuſtice anſwered, that though the Tenor of a Record be not pleadable, yet upon the iſſue of nul tiel Record the Tenor of the Record is ſufficient to prove that iſſue, the Tenor thereof being ſent by way of Mittimus into the Court where the iſſue is depending, upon that particular purpoſe onely.

Nul tiel Record may well be pleaded to a private Act of Parliament, but it cannot be pleaded to a publick Act of Parliament: the reaſon of the difference is, for that the Court is bound to take notice of publick Acts of Parliament, but not of private ones.

When execution may be awarded upon the Record certified, there a Certificate of the Tenor is not ſufficient, becauſe no execution can be granted upon a Tenor onely: the reaſon thereof is this, if execution might be upon the Tenor, then two executions might be, viz. one upon the Tenor in one Court, the other upon the Record it ſelf in the other Court, and 'twould be againſt reaſon, that two executions ſhould be for the ſame thing. But where the Writ which commands the Court below to certifie a Record, doth alſo tie up the hands of that Court from awarding any execution, there a Certificate of the Tenor onely is ſufficient, as in ſome caſes of Writs of Error upon Iudgment given in other Courts.

The like of Certiorari's to remove preſentments, upon which proceſs may be awarded in this Court.

The Reaſon why 'tis not ſufficient to plead the Tenor of Letters Patents or to ſhew or produce to the Court the Tenor of Letters Patents, as in Pages caſe is reſolved, is, becauſe the Letters Patents are the private conveyance of a particular perſon, and therefore he muſt plead and ſhew forth and produce to the Court the Letters Patents themſelves, and the Tenor thereof was not ſufficient at the Common Law.

But upon nul tiel Record pleaded, a Certificate of the Tenor onely and not of the Record it ſelf hath always béen held a ſufficient proof of that iſſue, and the Tenor certified is to be filed in this Court and to remain here always to this purpoſe onely, viz. as a proof of this iſſue; but the Record it ſelf remains where it was before, to be made uſe of for any purpoſes that may happen hereafter.

The reſt of the Iudges were of the ſame opinion, and ſo Iudgment was given for the Plaintiff.

THe College brought their Action againſt John Bourne, to which he pleaded nil debet, and upon tryal of the Cauſe at Guild-Hall before Iudge Twiſden the Plaintiffs recovered 40 li.

THe King's moſt Excellent Majeſty having directed his Letters to the Right honourable Thomas Lord Elleſmere, Lord Chancellor of England, and to Sir John Popham, Knight, Lord Chief Iuſtice of England and one of his Highneſs's moſt honourable Privy Council, They the ſaid Lord Chancellor and Lord Chief Iuſtice by virtue of the ſame Letters called unto them Sr. Thomas Fleminge, Knight, then Lord Chief Baron of his Majeſtie's Court of Exchequer, Sir Thomas Walmeſley and Sr. Peter Warburton, Knights, two of his Majeſtie's Iuſtices of the Court of Common Pleas, and Sir David Williams and Sir Laurence Tanfield, Knights, two of his Majeſties Iuſtices of the King's Bench, and after due conſideration had both of the Charter of King H. 8. made unto the ſaid Preſident and College of Phyſicians in the tenth year of his Raign, and ſeveral Acts of Parliament thereof made, one in the 14 year of the ſame King, and the other in the firſt year of Q. Mary, for the ordering and governing of the ſaid College and of all the Practiſers in London and 7 Miles compaſs, did on the firſt of May 1607. at the houſe of the ſaid Lord Chancellor, called York houſe, reſolve the ſeveral queſtions hereafter mentioned, as is expreſſed under every Queſtion.

Tho. Harries.

Theſe Queſtions were reſolved as is expreſſed under every queſtion by the right honorable the Lord Chancellor of England, Lord Chief Iuſtice of England, the Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, Iuſtice Walmeſley, Iuſtice Warburton, Iuſtice Williams and Iuſtice Tanfield, being aſſembled by the King's Majeſtie's appointment to examine, view and conſider of the Charters, Statutes and Laws made for the government of the College of Phyſicians in London and the Practiſers of Phyſick there the firſt day of May, 1607. at the houſe of the Lord Chancellor.

Queſt. 1. Whether Graduates of Oxford and Cambridge may practiſe in London or 7 miles compaſs of the ſame without licence under the ſaid College Seal, by virtue of the clauſe in the end of the Statute of 14 H. 8. and whether that clauſe hath not relation to the Statute of 3 H. 8. onely, or how far it doth extend?

Reſp. All reſolved, that no Graduate that is not admitted and licenſed by the Preſident and College of Phyſicians under their Common Seal, could practiſe in London or within 7 miles compaſs of the ſame.

Queſt. 2. Whether, by Graduates, Graduates in Phyſick onely are to be underſtood.

Reſp. They reſolved, That the exception in the Statute of 14 H. 8. cap. of Graduates in the two Vniverſities, is to be underſtood onely of Graduates of Phyſick and of no others. And all reſolved, That by that exception thoſe Graduates may practiſe in all other places of England out of London and 7 miles of the ſame without examination; But not in London nor within the ſaid Circuit of 7 miles.

Queſt. 3. If Graduates not admitted to practiſe in London practiſe there, whether, for evil practice or miſdemeanour therein, they be not ſubject to the Correction and government of the College?

Reſp. They all agréed, That they are ſubject to the government and correction of the College by an expreſs clauſe of the ſaid Charter enacted, which giveth to the Preſident and College Superviſionem, Scrutinium, Correctionem & Gubernationem as well of all perſons uſing the practice of Medicine within the City, &c.

Queſt. 4. If they may not practiſe without admiſſion of the College (as their Letters Patents plainly import) Then whether ſuch Graduates are not ſubject to the examination, without which there were never any admitted; and without which the admiſſion cannot be approved; becauſe every Graduate is not abſolutely good ipſo facto?

Reſp. It was reſolved by all, That all that practiſed or ſhould practiſe Phyſick either in London or within the compaſs of 7 miles of the ſame, muſt ſubmit themſelves to the examination of the Preſident and College if they be required thereunto by their authority, notwithſtanding any licence, allowance or privilege given them in Oxford or Cambridge either by their degrée or otherwiſe.

IN the roth year of King H. 8. the Phyſicians of London and within 7 miles of the ſame, upon many important reaſons mentioned in their Royal Patent, were made a Body Corporate, and endowed with many privileges, which in the 14th and 15th of his Reign were confirmed by Act of Parliament.

In the 32th of the ſame King's Reign ſeveral additional privileges were granted them by a ſecond Act of Parliament, by which they were diſcharged from keeping any Watch and Ward, or being choſen to any Office in London or the Suburbs thereof, and were thereby enabled to practiſe Surgery as well as Phyſick in the ſaid City, &c. By which clauſe, they were entituled to the privilege granted the Surgeons of being diſcharged from bearing Arms, &c. by the 5 H. 8. 6.

In the 1 Q. M. 9. their Charter was a ſecond time confirmed by Act of Parliament and additional Privileges granted to them: Which privileges, with a freedom from finding Arms, were continued to them without interruption till 1588, and it being then a time of moſt imminent and publick danger, the Lord Mayor of London and Court of Aldermen charged the College with Arms, whereupon they applied themſelves to Queen Elizabeth and her Council, upon which Secretary Walſingham wrote a Letter to the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of London, that they ſhould no more trouble the College, but permit them to live quietly and free from that charge. After this, they met with no farther trouble or moleſtation till the Reign of K. James, at which time the College being charged with Arms, Sir William Paddy pleaded their Privilege before Sir Thomas Middleton Lord Mayor and a full Court of Aldermen, and Sir Henry Mountague Recorder, an account of which is at large Printed in this Book.

But the iſſue thereof was (in ſhort) the following, viz. That the Recorder then peruſing every branch of the Statutes recited by Sir William Paddy, with the reaſons by him urged; and opening every part thereof at large, did conclude, that the Act of Parliament did extend to give the College as much immunity as in any ſort to the Chirurgeons. Whereupon the Court deſired a Liſt of the Members of the College, which was immediately given them, and an Order entred for a diſpenſation to the College from bearing of Arms; and alſo a Precept was then awarded by the Mayor and Court to commit all other Phyſicians or Surgeons refuſing to bear or find Arms, who were not of the College allowed, or Chirurgeons licenſed according to form.

About 3 years after this debate, King James granted the College his Royal Charter, wherein he confirms all former Statutes and Patents given them by his Royal Progenitors, and therein granted To all and every Phyſician of the College to be wholly and abſolutely free from providing or bearing of any Armour or other Munition, &c any Act or Statute to the contrary notwithſtanding. After this, the College enjoyed this privilege without interruption during the Reign of King Charles the Firſt of glorious memory untill the times of the late Rebellion; in which, Rights both Civil and Sacred were invaded, and our College expoſed to publick ſale by mercenary Villains. But upon the return of his Sacred Majeſty, He was pleaſed to take this Royal foundation into his protection, and in the 15th year of his Reign gave them his Letters Patents, confirming all their former Privileges, and endowing them with many new ones; amongſt which, this of being exempted from bearing and providing Arms, &c. is contained in the following words. And we will and by theſe preſents for Vs, Our Heirs and Succeſſors do give and grant unto the ſaid Preſident, Fellows and Commonalty of the King's College of Phyſicians and their Succeſſors, that all and every Phyſician and Phyſicians, that now is or are, or that hereafter ſhall be elected and admitted and made a Member of the ſame College, ſhall from time to time be wholly and abſolutely fréed, exempt and diſcharged of and from ſerving and appearing in any Iury or Iuries for the trial of any matter or cauſe, or taking, finding or executing of any Commiſſion or inquiſition whatſoever, and of and from being or choſen to be Churchwarden, Conſtable, Scavenger, or any ſuch or the like Officer or Officers; and of and from the undertaking, execution or exerciſe of all and every the ſame and ſuch like Office and Offices, place and places, and every of them; and alſo of and from all Watch and Ward, and of and from bearing and providing Arms within our Cities of London or Weſtminſter or either of them, or within 7 miles compaſs thereof. And in caſe they or any of them ſhall at any time hereafter by any ways or means be deſigned, appointed, nominated or choſen into, or to undergo, or bear, or perform any of the ſaid Office or Offices, place or places, Duty or Duties or any of them within our ſaid Cities or the Suburbs or Liberties thereof, or limits aforeſaid; That all and every ſuch deſignation, appointment, nomination, or election ſhall be utterly void and of none effect, Any Statute, Act, Ordinance, Conſtitution, Order, Cuſtome or Law to the contrary thereof in any wiſe notwithſtanding.

In the Seventeenth of his Majeſtie's Reign, he was pleaſed, purſuant to his Royal Patent, to ſend the following Letter in behalf of the College by Sir Alexander Frazier his chief Phyſician, the Superſcription of which was:

Thus by the eſpecial grace and favour of the Kings and Queens of England the College of Phyſicians have been freed from bearing and providing Arms; and though ſome particular Member may of late have been ſummoned upon that account by the Lieutenancy, yet upon producing his Majeſtie's Patent and aſſerting his Sovereign's Natural right in diſpenſing with a Corporation of men from bearing and providing Arms (which was an inherent prerogative in the Crown; and therefore an Act of Parliament was made in 13 Car. 2. 6. poſitively declaring, That the ſole and Supreme Power, government, command and diſpoſition of all the Militia and of all Forces by Sea and Land, &c, is and by the Laws of England ever was the undoubted right of his Majeſty and his Royal Predeceſſors) They were freed from any further trouble. An inſtance of which we lately had in the caſe of Dr. Novell then Candidate of the College of Phyſicians; who Anno 1680. was ſummoned to appear before the Lieutenancy of London for not bearing and providing Arms. Upon which Summons attending with the Patent of 15 Car. Secundi Regis nunc, The Lieutenancy upon a long debate of this matter, deſired him to leave a Copy of that part of the Patent which exempted the Members of the ſaid College from bearing and providing of Arms, and they would adviſe with their Councell thereupon; ordering the Dr. to attend them their next Committee day, in which they promiſed to give him their poſitive reſolution. Accordingly he attended, and they told him that they were ſatisfied that the words of the Patent were ſufficient to exempt the Members of the College from bearing and providing Arms, and deſired that a Liſt of them might be given in under the College Seal, which was accordingly done.

Queſt. Whether the general clauſe of Non obſtante in the King's Letters Patent concerning the College of Phyſicians (expreſſed in theſe words, And we will and by theſe preſents for Vs, Our Heirs and Succeſſors do give and grant unto the ſaid Preſident, Fellows and Commonalty of the King's College of Phyſicians and their Succeſſors, that all and every Phyſician and Phyſicians that now is, or are, or that hereafter ſhall be elected, admitted and made a member of the ſame College, ſhall from time to time be wholly and abſolutely fréed, exempt and diſcharged of and from bearing and providing Arms within our Cities of London or Weſtminſter, or either of them, or any of the Suburbs or Liberties of the ſame Cities or either of them, or within 7 miles compaſs thereof, Any Statute, Act, Ordinance, Conſtitution, Order, Cuſtome or Law to the contrary thereof in any wiſe notwithſtanding) doth operate upon the Acts of Parliament of the 13, 14 and 15. years of his now Majeſtie's Reign for regulating the Militia, and thereby exempt the Members thereof from bearing or providing Arms according to the purport of the ſaid Acts, they being not by name mentioned in the ſaid clauſe of Non Obſtante?