The first Plate, Eigure I. To raise Water by the currant of a River, and the force of a Pump.

THIS Engin commonly called a Pump, is called by Vitruvius and Hero, the Stesibique Engin, re­taining the name of the Inventor thereof; which was Stesibius of Alexandria. I will shew three waies to raise Water by this Engin. The first shall be by the currant of a River (as the Figure Shews) where there is a water Wheel, and at each end of the Axeltree of the said Wheel is a handle of strong Brass, and forged to sustain the force and weight of the said Wheel: and if the said Wheel be ten feet broad, and twelve feet in Diameter, the said handle shall be at least four inches square, and shalbe rounded in the middle at the places marked with A, and there shalbe also two peeces of wood called Levers marked with the letters B and C, fitted to the arm of the said handles, the one of which riseth, and the o­ther goeth down when the Wheel turns: and the said Levers shalbe also fit­ted to two arms or branches marked with D and E; the which raiseth the Buckets and Suckers of the Pumps Alternately, and so the Water shall be raised to the Vessel F; And from thence you may conduct it whither you please. As concerning the height which it ought to rise; I am of opini­on that it must not be constrained to rise more then thirty feet in height with one Pump; as shall be taught in the following Probleme: the great Pipe G, is the place where the Sucker lyes, which sustains the Water when the Buckets or Suckers of the Pumps are not lifted up. The Figure with the ordinary practice which is had of Pumps, will make you easily understand this Engin. And if the currant of the River be strong, and it is required to have store of Water; you may make the Diameter within the Barrells ten or twelve inches, and the height eight or nine Foot: And to make it well, the Buckets ought to rise and fall four foot; and when they are at their greatest height that they may have four foot of Water above them, to the intent that the Air may not escape; for if the Water be not high enough between the top of the Barrel and the Bucket, the Air will pass thorough the Water by bubbles, and make the Engin useless: and especially when the Water is forced to rise above fifteen or twenty foot. Therefore you must take heed that that accident do not happen. The proportion also of the Pipes MNO shall be about four inches in Diameter, if the aBrrels be twelve: if the said Barrels be less, the said Pipes shall be less in proportion.

The Explanation of the Second Figure. Plate II. Another way to raise Water by means of a falling Water.

THis other manner of raising of Water, is done by a falling Water, rai­sed so as it may fall upon the Wheel A, to turn it; and in turning it to raise the Water of the Pump B, to 24. or 30. feet high, and the other side C takes the said Water in the first elevation in the Trough D, and may raise it from thence 24. or 30. feet high. The aforegoing Figure will give the manner and way of the raising of the Water in the first height: and the second height is done after the same manner, as may easily be compre­hended by the Figure: the which Figure is not made high enough accor­ding to the proportion of the measures; because the Paper would not per­mit: but you may easily imagine the said height, as it ought to be.

Explanation of Plate III. To raise the Water of a Spring, or River by the force of Horses.

BUt if there is not a River strong enough, nor a falling currant, the Water may be raised by the means and force of one Horse, or more, accor­ding to the quantity and the heigth which is desired. This present de­signe is made to raise the Water 60. foot high, and four Horses will raise a­bout 60. in an hours time, which is about 30000. pound weight. There­fore first let there be a straight Axeltree of wood, a foot square, and 60. foot high, marked with A, the which turns between two Pins, and above near the end, there is a Wheel of 24 Teeth, marked with B, the which turns a Lanthorn or Pinion of 12. Staves, marked with C, and a Wheel of eighteen Teeth, marked D. But there are but nine Teeth in the half of the Circum­ference, the other half is void; and there are also two other Wheels, marked with E and F, of equal bigness, and also nine Teeth on each Wheel; and let the toothed part of all the three Wheels be put above: then there must be a Pully put above marked with G, over which a Cord must pass, the which must be fastned by the two ends to the Axeltrees of the Wheels C and F, so as turning about one of the Wheels it may unturn the other: as you may see, and better consider in the Figure of the Orthographie following. Then you must put the said Wheels E and F, against D, so as D turning al­waies the same way may make E turn half a turn, and then when it shall be in the last Tooth, the first of the Wheel F shall represent it self against the Wheel D, because the Wheel E shall make it turn back again, by means of the common Cord and Pully G: and after the said Wheel D hath catcht the first Tooth of F, it shall continue to the ninth; and afterwards the first of the Wheel E shall represent it self again. And so the two Wheels E and F shall turn forward and backward half a turn alternately: and to the Axel­tree H and L there shall be fastned two strong Cords, which shall draw up the two Buckets which go into the Barrels M and N, and have about three feet play, rising and falling; and they shall be made of Brass, well fitted within the Barrels, and that they may descend of themselves without being [Page 19] constrained: And so there is no Leather put about the Buckets, as is ordina­rily done in common Pumps. And it is to be noted that the swifter the Buckets come up, so much the more Water they raise, which may be ob­served in all sorts of Pumps.

It is also to be noted that the two Transverse peeces OP ought to be but one peece, to the which the other Transvers peece Q ought to be joyned, in the which the four ends of the Axeltrees of the Wheels BCEF do turn.

The Explanation of Plate IIII. This Plate gives a larger demonstration of the for­mer, by means of the Orthographie.

FOr the better understanding of the foregoing Figure, I have represented here the plain of the Orthographie; to the end that by it you may under­stand the motion and meetings of the three Wheels EDF. Let then each of those Wheels have nine Teeth in the half Circumference, and let that part of the Wheels that hath the Teeth in them be turned upwards, so as the first Tooth of the one meet with the Teeth of the Wheel D, when the last of the other hath passed beyond it: and there must be a Cord marked RS to go in a Pully marked T, the which shall be firmely fastned to the two Axtrees, as may be seen in the Figure. So as if the Teeth of the Wheel E be entred, it shall make the Wheel F to turn half a turn by the Cord which is fastned to the Axeltree of the said Wheel, and shall present the first Tooth V when the last of the Wheel E marked with X shall be passed: and so the Wheel F making its half turn, shall make E to return as it was before; so as by means of these half turns (turning and returning) the Buckets of the Pumps shall be raised and depressed, as if it were with a turning handle: And the difference which is between the said handle and this present Inven­tion, is, that the said handle doth not raise the Bucket Perpendicularly, as this present Invention doth, the which is much better. Likewise to raise the Wa­ter very high, and in such aboundance, it is necessary that the said handles be very strong, as hath been said before. And if you will not use the said handles to the foregoing Engins to raise the Water by the means of Water Wheels, you may use this present Invention.

As concerning the Barrels, if you would spare the quantity of Brass or Lead which they ought to have in making of them 30 or 40 foot long, you may make them onely of 4 foot long, of the Diameter of the Bucket, and over them viz. at ZY fit smaler Pipes into them: as you may see in the Figure.

The Explanation of Plate V. To make a Dyal with the course of a natural Foun­tain, the which shall move very true, without being subject to be wond up Dayly.

LEt the course of the Fountain be from the Pipe marked with A, the which shall be hollow within about the Diameter of a writing Quil, the Water whereof shall fall into the Vessel B, to which there shall be two Pipes, that is one marked with C, Soldered to the bottom of [Page 20] the said Vessel, which hath a smal Cock marked D; then there is a smal emptying Vessel marked with E, and the said Vessel shall be fastned to a smal Lever marked with FG, made as the Figure demonstrates, with a hinge to bend only one way: and the end of the said Lever shall be entred in one of the Teeth of a great Wheel, marked with HI, so as the Vessel E descending the end of the Lever G shall raise the Tooth in which it is entred, some­what more then one Tooth, to the intent that the greater Leaver L may fall into the next Tooth, and stop the Wheel HI: there shall be also a counter­pois marked O, fastned to the Lever FG, to draw down the end G, when the Vessel E is empty, and so the Water falling in the said Vessel shall make it heavier then the conuter-pois O, and then it shall descend and raise the end G, and move the said Wheel H one Tooth: and the Water falling al­waies shall fill the said Vessel and make it to overturn, and then the count­er pois O being heavier then the empty Vessel shall again draw down the end G, and the other above marked with L shall stay the wheel that it shall not return: The said Wheel must have 60 Teeth; and so the Water which falls in the Vessel E being so justned by the Cock D, that every minute of an hour the said Vessel may overturn, and by that means the Wheel HI shall make one Turn in an hour: and then you may make a Pig­non to the Arbor of the said Wheel having six Teeth, the which may move a Wheel of 72 Teeth, and by that means the hand above M shall shew the course of the 12 hours, and that beneath shall shew the course of one hour: and when the said Dyal shall be well justned, it shall continue a long time without alteration. You must also note that it is necessary that the water of the Vessel B be as high as the Pipe P, to the intent that the said Water fall alwaies equally in the emptying Vessel; and that it may so do, it is necessary that there fall somewhat more Water into the said Vessel B, then there runs forth by the Pipe C: and the overplus shall run out by the Pipe P.

The Explanation of Plate VI. To counterfeit the Voice of smal Birds by means of Water and Air.

LEt there be two Vessels marked with A and B, that marked with A shall be filled with Water, and that marked with B very close and Soldered on every side, then the Pipe CD, must be Soldered one end to the bottom of the Vessel A, and the other passing to the upper part of B, and that the end D may be so far distant from the bottom of B as is necessary to let the Water pass, there must be a Cock marked with P, to the said Pipe, to open and shut it when it shall be required: There must be also made the Pipe GH, by which the Air may pass through the said Vessel A, or else it shall be con­ducted to the place where you would make the Birds to Sing; to the end of which shall be fitted a smal Whistle like to those which the Organ makers do make, to represent the Song of a Nightingale, and the said Whistel shall be put into the Water; and so when you open the Cock F, the Water shall de­scend to the lower Vessel, and the Air which is in the said Vessel shall issue forth by the Pipe GH, the which shall make the Whistel to sound which is [Page 21] at the end of the said Pipe, and then you may put to it an Artificial Tree, up­on which you may put some Birds of Wood or Mettal, painted like as the natural.

As concerning the Figure of the Globe DB, it may serve for pleasure to cast the Water very high by the Pipe A, after that you have forced it in with violence with the Seringe C.

And for the manner of the Whistle put into the Water, you may see it Figured in the following Figure at the place marked with K.

The Explanation of Plate VII. To add a Swan or other figure to the singing of the Birds spoken of before, which shall Drink or Sip up as much water as you shall pre­sent to her Beack.

THis is onely the difference between this and the foregoing Figure, that the Vessel above marked with A is close and Soldered on every side: it shall have a smal receptacle or Funnel N to fill it, the which being full and N stopped, when you open the Cock F the Water entring into the lower Vessel shall make the Air pass forth, and so make the Birds Sing, and the Water passing out of the upper Vessel A shall sip up by the Beack of the Swan all the Water or liquor which you shall put under her Beack.

It hath been said before that K is the Figure of the Whistle put into the Water to immitate the Singing of Birds.

The Explanation of Plate VIII. To make an Engin which shall move of itself.

THere have been divers Men which have Travelled to find out a mo­tion which they have called (without knowledge) Perpetual, or without end, a thing very ill considered and ill understood, because all that which hath a beginning is subject to have an end; and the word Perpetual or without end ought to be applyed to God alone, who as he had no begining, cannot also have an end, so as it is folly and deceit in Men to make themselves beleeve that they can make perpetual Works; seeing that themselves are mortal, and subject to an end: so also are all their works: Therefore I will leave those words of Perpetual or without end, and will shew the Fabrick of an Engin which shall move of it self, seeing it is Intertain­ed of the four Elements, of which it is composed; and the reason of its motion shall be Heat or want of Hear, which shall serve as a Counter-pois to that Engin: as may be seen here by the Construction. Let there be a Vessel of Lead or Copper, about a foot and a hal [...] square, very close and Soldered on every side, which shall have a Pipe in the middle, marked with DE, the end E shall be neer the bottom of the Vessel, leaving onely room for the Water to pass, the other end D shall be well Soldered against the top of the Vessel, and it shall have also a vent marked with F: afterwards you must raise up the two sides of the Engin NM, so as the Axtree O with the Pully G may turn easily, and may shew the motion of the said Engin with­out [Page 22] the side M: the motion of which Engin with the Index is opposite to the said Axtree: there must be also the border PQ Soldered upon the Vessel, the which shall serve when you will to put Water into the Vessel; and also when the Water ascends by the Pipe ED that it might not scatter abroad: all this being well and justly made, powr Water into the said Vessel by D E, till it be about the third part full; and while you put the Water in open the vent F, But when the Water is in, stopp it very well. Then you must have a little bal of Copper very light, marked with the letter L, the which may float upon the Water, and shall be fastned by a smal thred, so as the said bal may Ascend and Descend by the Pipe DE, when the Water riseth and falls: also the said thred to which the bal is fastned must pass over the Pully G, to the end of which thred is fastned a smal Counter-pois R, as the whole may be well seen in the Figure. Afterwards you may put the said Engin in a Chamber, where the Sun shines in at Noon: Then when it is made a little hot the bal is raised up, and the Counter-pois deprest, which will turn the Index, and will shew the height that the bal is mount­ed, and as it is colder the bal Descends, and so as the Times change so the bal riseth and falls. You must note that if the Vessel be one foot and a half high, and being filled a third part with Water, there shall remain one foot for the bal to rise and fall: and making the Pully four inches in Diameter, then it shall turn one Turn if the bal be raised up to the end D, so that divi­ding the Dyal into twelve equal parts, each part shall shew an inch that the bal hath risen or fallen.

As concerning the use of this Engin, it will serve to shew the temper of the Air, and whether the dayes are Hott, or Cold, or Temperate.

The Explanation of Plate IX.

IN this Plate there are two Figures marked with 1 and 2, the first marked with 1, is a Clock of an other manner, which may be made in places where there is found no running Spring. First there is made a Vessel of Copper or Lead, as the Figure A; the which shall hold about a Hogshead of Water: this Vessel shall be square and somewhat higher then it is broad, in which there shall be a little Vessel of Copper, marked with F, which shall be also square, very close, and Soldered on every side; the which is to float upon the Water of the said Vessel A: afterwards there must be a Syphon, or Crooked Pipe, made as the Figure BCD doth demonstrate, the which must pass through a Pipe of Copper, which shall be in the middle of the little Vessel: and the said Pipe must pass from one part of the said Vessel to the other, and the Syphon must enter into it with some force; and the end of the said Syphon must enter into the Water of the Vessel A: and above at the point C there is fastned a Cord passing over the Pully L, and at the o­ther end the Counter-pois E shall be fastned, and there shall be fastned an Index to the end of the Axtree I, the which shall shew the Hours on the Dy­al OP: and after the Vessel A is filled the Vessel F is put into it, as hath been said, and also the Syphon and Counter-pois: then you shall draw the Water [Page 23] of the said Syphon at the end D, with the mouth: and because the said end is lower then the level of the Water of the Vessel A, the said Water shall have its course and shall fall in an other Vessel marked with H, and according to the measure that the Water of the said Vessel Descends, the smal Vessel F Descends with the Syphon; which causeth the Pully to turn, and consequent­ly the Hand of the Dyal. To justen the course of the Hours, you must leng­then or shorten the Syphon in the Copper Pipe of the smal Vessel: for putting the said Syphon more into the Water it shall run Swifter, and on the contrary drawing it back it shall make it run flower: it must also be noted, to make it go very true, it is necessary to fit a smal Pipe to the end D, the end of which, where the smal hole is by which the water runs shall be of fine Gold; to the intent that the said hole may not wear, which it will do if it be either of Lead or Copper: and when the Vessel A shall be near empty, you shall raise it again with a smal Pump marked with G.

The Explanation of Plate X. An Engin by which the force of the foregoing Fountain is increased.

IF you desire to raise the Water five or six foot high, the foregoing Engin cannot raise it, if the Sun do not shine upon it with great violence: and to increase the force of the Sun, it is necessary that the Vessels of Cop­per be made in manner as this present Figure doth declare: and upon the side AB there are put Burning Glasses, the which shall be well fitted to the Copper, so as no Air may come forth, the said Glasses are marked (the two great ones of every Vessel) by the letters CD, (and the smal ones) EFGH, and the side of the Vessel L must be put towards the South, to the end that the Sun shining upon the said Burning Glasses may assemble the raies of the Sun within the said Vessels, the which will cause a great heat to the Water, and by that means make it spring forth in great abundance, and al­so higher if it be required: and as to the other sides of the Vessels where the Glasses are, they shall be put towards the West, for the Sun shins very hot After-noon: and you must observe that if the great heat makes all the Water to run out which is within the said Vessels, that is to say the third part of their contents, then you may put in more then the third, viz. a half of the content by the vent, as hath been said before. I have also made this present Figure greater then that which went before: and as concerning the upper Sucker, it may be in the Vessel which sustains the Basin of the Fountain: And the Burning Glasses may be as large as they are drawn in the Figure AB, and they must be thick in the middle, as the said Figures do declare.

The Explanation of Plate XI. An Engin to Saw Wood very readily by the force of a water Wheel.

THis Engin is very common among the Mountains of the Country of Switzer Land, with which they Saw great quantity of Firr Boards: the said Engin is necessary to be in a great Citty, or in a Forest, where there is great store of Wood to Saw, either in Boards or other form: This here is not altogether like those used by the Switzers, for they make the peeces of Timber to come to the Saws by means of certain Toothed Wheels with a rochet; but because of the oft reparations of the said Tooth­ed Wheels, I think alwaies to avoid their use as much as I can. So I have put the two Counter-pois each about two or three hundred pound weight, the one whereof is marked with A, and the other with B: the Cords on which the Counter-poises hang are fastned to two moveable peeces of wood which slide upon two other fixed peeces of wood, by means of cer­tain smal Pullies that may be within a hindge, and so the said Counter p [...]is alwaies drawing the said moveable peeces of wood: and the peece which is to be Sawed being fastned between the said movable peeces, which shall come alwaies forward and the Saws rising and falling shall Saw the said peece with great speed: you may put two three or four Saws at the least up­on the same fram, so far asunder as the thickness of the Boards which are to be Sawn shall require. And when the peece of Timber is Sawn, then one or two Men with a Lever shall turn a Rowlet to which a strong Cord is made fast, which shall draw back the said peece, and draw up the Counter-pois, and then you may put the peece a little toward one side, so as the Saws may take the said peece again.

The Explanation of Plate XII. An Engin of great service to Bore Elms or o­ther Trees to make Pipes to conveigh Water, and for other uses.

LEt there be a water Wheel to the Axtree, whereof let there be fastned a Wheel of thirty six Teeth or more, according to the swiftness of the Water Wheel, for if it turn slow there must be the more Teeth, and there must be a Pinion of six, which is turned by the aforesaid Toothed Wheel, as may be seen in the Figure: and to the Axtree of the said Pinion there shall be joyned a long Auger, marked with the letter A, which shall be put through a hole marked with B, to be opened and shut as occasion shall require, as in a Turners Lathe: then the Tree to be bored is to be placed fast upon a fram, marked with CD, so as the said fram may slide easily by [Page 26] the means of certain little Wheels which are in the holow thereof, and turn upon strong pins, so as one Man may put forward or draw back the said Tree when it shall be fastned upon the said fram; and so the Auger turning, the Man shall put the end of the said Tree against it, and when it hath en­tred it two or three inches, he must draw back the said Tree, to draw out the chipps of the Auger, otherwise it will be in danger of breaking: and so you must continue alwaies to draw back the said Tree at the piercing of e­very three or four inches, to take away the Chips, till the hole be quite through: And afterwards if you would have the hole wider, you must take such an Auger as the Figure E represents, which shall widen the hole which was before made.

The Explanation of Plate XIII. A rare and necessary Engin, by which you may give great reliefe to Houses that are on Fire.

THis Engin is much practised in Germany, and it hath been seen what great and ready help it may bring: for although the fire be 40▪ foot high, the said Engin shall there cast its Water by help of four or five Men, lifting up and putting down a long handle in form of a Lever, where the handle of the Pump is fastned: the said Pump is easily understood. There are two Suckers within it, one below to open when the handle is lifted up, and to shut when it is put down, and an other to open to let out the Water: and at the end of the said Engin there is a Man which holds the Copper Pipe A, turning it to and again to the Place where the fire shall be.

The Explanation of Plate XIIII. To represent divers Birds which shall Sing diversly when an Owl turns towards them: and when the said Owl turns back again, they shall cease their Singing.

THis motion hath formerly been represented by Hero of Alexandria, but not with so great variety of Birds, as I will here represent it. Therefore let there be a water Wheel, as A, the which shall turn in a Case of Lead or Copper marked with C, the which case shall serve to keep the Wa­ter from scataring abroad and spoyling the motion, and the Axtree of the said Wheel shall rest upon two round holes, which shall be on the sides of the said Case, and at one end of the said Axtree which cometh through the same Case there shall be a Pinion of 8 Teeth, marked with D, which shall turn a Barrel of 12. or 15. inches; also there must be 3 conveiances for the wind, marked with EFG, to which there are Soldered 3 Cocks, whereof the Keys are made as MO, to the end that when the Barrel turns the pins Q and R they may make the said conveiances open to let the Air into di­vers Whistels, the which shall make several different Tunes, according to the Fabrick of those Whistles, and the disposition of the Pins and Touches Q and R. And moreover you may give a certain motion to the Tayls and Beacks of the Birds; if you put certain strings to the Keys of the Cocks: as the Figure declares.

[Page 27]As concerning the motion of the Owl, which turns forward and back­ward in a certain space of Time, the motion of it may be seen by the turning Vessel X, and the smal Lever 3, and 4. where there is the Counter-pois 8, for this Vessel descends when it is full, and makes the Counter-pois to rise, and the pin of the Lever stops the Barrel by means of the pin marked 6, which is at the end thereof; and so the Birds cease their Singing: then when the Owl shall be towards them, and when the Vessel X is void, shee shall turn again by the means of the Counter-pois, and the Barrel shall begin to turn: As the Figure will demonstrate to you very exactly.

The Explanation of Plate XV. An Engin by which Galata shall be presented, which shall be drawn upon the Water by two Dolphins, going in a right line and returning of her self, while a Cyclope plaies upon a Flajolet.

LEt there be a water Wheel marked with L, the breadth whereof is sepa­rated in the middle, and that on one side the Boxes where the Wa­ter fals be made to turn toward the right hand, and on the other side they be made to turn toward the left hand: and to the Axtree of the said Wheel there is a Pinion which turns a toothed Wheel marked with Z, and the said Wheel hath an Axtree also divided into two parts, marked with I and H, and to the said Axtree are two Chains fastned, so that when the said Axtree turns, one of the said Chains may turn about it, and the other unturn; the which Chains pass about the Pullies GF, and are both fastned to the Pully B, but one shall pass by E, so as when one turns the Axtree IH by the means of the water Wheel, the one of the said Chains may draw the said Pully B towards the motion: but if the water Wheel be made to turn the o­ther way, then the Chain which passeth through the Pully E shall draw the Pully B to it self, and the other Chain shall let it go in proportion: and as concerning the said Pully B, it shall be put upon a Pipe of Copper, so as there may be a Plate of Copper under the said Pully, between the two long stones C and D, so as the said Pully may slide easily upon the said Stones. Then there shall be a smal Box of Lead or Copper marked with P, about a foot and a half long and broad, to which there is a Valve Soldered to the bottom, marked with R, and at the end of the base thereof a Pipe marked with N, and at the middle of the said Box, on the side there is a Pipe mar­ked with O, and between the space of the said Pipe and the bottom of the said Box there is a smal Pipe which shall let Water into the Basin marked with S, Which shall be fastned to two turning Buckets marked▪ VT, so as when the Vessels shall be ful of Water, that it may be heavier then the cover of the Valve R, and on the contrary, when the said Vessel shall be void, the cover of the said Valve must be heavier, to the intent that it may shut and draw the said Vessel up, and so when the Water shall run into the said box by the Pipe V it shall rise up to the Pipe O, and fall upon the side of the water Wheel L, then the said Wheel turning, shall turn I, and consequently the Axtree IH, so as the Chain shall turn about I and unturn H, then the Figure of Galatea shall move towards the Pully E, because it is drawn thi­ther [Page 28] by the said Chain which turns about the Ax [...]ree I, the smal Vessel S must be so proportioned, that being fed by the smal Pipe, it may be full or near full and draw up the Valve when the Figure of Galatea shall be near the Pully E, and then the Water which shall be in the said box, shall fall by the Valve upon the other side of the water Wheel, and make it turn the other way, so as the Chain H must turn about the Axtree on the side H, and unturn on the side I, which will be the cause to make the Figure turn toward the motion, and so the Pully B shall be drawn (upon which the Figure is placed) sometimes forward, and sometimes backward, according as the double water Wheel shall turn, sometimes by the Water that runs by the Valve R, and sometimes by that which runs by the Pipe O, which is done divers times by means of the smal Vessel S and the turning Buckets T and V, for when the Vessel S is empty the Valve R is shut, and the Water riseth up to the P [...]pe O to make the water Wheel turn one way, and when S is full it opens the Valve, and then all the water fals by the Valve R on the other side of the water Wheel, which makes it turn the other way: and so successively.

As concerning the Cyclope playing upon the Flajolet, the motion shall be shewed in [...]he following Figure.

It is to be noted that the little box marked with P, is here represented o­pen on one side, to the intent to sh [...]w the Valve R.

The Explanation of Plate XVI. An Engin by which the Sound of the Flajolet shall be represented by the course of the Water.

HEre shall be represented the Engin proper to make the Flajolet Sound to the Cyclope of the precedent plate: Therefore let there be a Mu­sical Wheel marked with A, about 4 or 5 foot in Diameter, perfect round, and divided with Teeth, as you may see in the Figure, so as a Pinion of 8 Teeth marked with B may turn the said Wheel; and to the Arber of the said Pinion there shall be a Wheel having 32 Teeth, marked with D, which another Pinion marked with C shall turn, and to the Arber of the said Pi­nion C there shall be a water Wheel marked with F, about 2 foot and a half or 3, foot in Diameter, which shall be turned by the water descending from the Pipe G, and so when the said water Wheel shall turn it shall cause the Musical Wheel to turn, by means of the other Wheels: afterwards there shall be put the Summer marked with H, the Fabrick whereof shall be shewn at large, so as the Keys of the said Summer shall be Parallel at half an inch dist [...]nce from the Musical Wheel: afterwards div [...]de the said Musical Wheel in 25, or 30. equal parts, each part in turning shall be an ordinary measure of Musick: and more-over all the said parts shall be di­vided into 8 equal parts, to put on Crochets upon each division, if it be re­quired, of which there are 8 for one measure; and if you will you may put on Demi Crochets, or Quavers: afterwards the pins are to be put upon the said Wheel ¾ of an inch above the Superficies of the said Musical Wheel, so as when the Wheel shall turn, the said pins may touch the Keys of the Sum­mer [Page 29] and put them down and cause them to open the Valvs of the said Summer: as concerning the Pins they shall be put according to the Tune that you desire the Flajolet to play. That which is here set down begins thus,

And when you would change the Tune, it may be done by dismounting the Pinion B, out of the Musical Wheel by means of the Rest of Iron, upon which the Pinion shall be put, and loosning a smal Screw which holds the said Rest in its place, then the said Rest being drawn from its hole, the said Pinion shall be disjoyned from the Musical Wheel, which may be turned with the hand: you may fit any other Tune upon the said Wheel: the 12 holes that are in the Summer serves to conveigh the wind of the said Sum­mer by the conveiances of Copper or Lead, to the Organ Pipes, to repre­sent the Sound of the Flajolet; all which shall be joyned to the Figure of the Cyclope. The construction of the said Pipes shall be taught hereafter: the hooks which hang at the Cords PO, serve to draw up the Musical Wheel, that if there be any fault in the Valves within the Summer it may be helped by opening the said Summer before, as is done ordinarily, the great convei­ance marked with S may be of Wood 4 inches square, to conduct the Wind to the Summer, which shall come from the Bellows, as shall be taught.

The Explanation of Plate XVII.

IN this Plate is represented the Figure of Neptune, which shall turn Cir­cularly with certain Trytons, and other Figures, which shall cast forth Water in turning. The Wheel work belonging to the motion of these Figures shall be declared in the following Plate.

The Explanation of Plate XVIII. This Plate declares the motion, and Wheel­work of Neptune, and other figures represented in the foregoing Plate.

LEt there be a water Wheel marked with A, which turning, shall turn a Toothed Wheel marked with B, the Pivot whereof shall rest upon a straight peece of wood, and the Arber above marked with PQ, shall be fastned firmly to a Pipe of Copper marked with SR, and at the end thereof there shall be a smal Receiver, where the water shall fall: Then there shall be a great Pipe marked with TV, which shall be also fastned to the Arber, a little lower then R, so as the said Pipe may turn upon another marked with pointed lines which shall be interlaced (marked also with pointed lines,) and the said great Pipe, and that in the middle shall be Soldered firmly to the bottom of the Reserve of Lead maked with CD, and the great Pipe XV shall be Soldered to a great Wheel marked with EF, which shall be within two inches of the bottom of the said Reserve▪ so as when the Wheel below B turns, the said Wheel EF may also turn; because they are [Page 30] fastned in one common Axtree: then on the top of the great Pipe there shall be another smal Pipe marked with GH, which shall be Soldered against R, so as the Water Descending by the said Pipe may spring forth by the end H, and so when the water Wheel turns, the said Figures may be upon the said turning Wheel; and you may place Neptune upon the end H, so as the water may come to his Trident which he holds in his Hand, and to the Noses of the Horses which draws him, and the two Tritons upon M, and the Cupid which leads the Dolphins upon N: And you may likewise put certain other Figures upon Z; and to the intent to cover the Pipe which descends from S to the Base of the Reserve, you may make a Rock, as you may see in the foregoing designe, which may descend from the top of the Grote where the said motion shall be, almost to the bottom of the Reserve, without touch­ing it, nor also any of the Pipes, to the end that all may turn freely, and the Reserve must be alwaies full of Water a foot high, to the intent that you may not see the motion of the Wheel EF in turning.

The Explanation of Plate XIX. An Engin by which you may make a paire of Organs to Sound by the means of Water.

THis Engin is very like to that demonstrated in the 16 Plate, the diffe­rence is that, this here is seen fore-right, and that other upon one side: the Musical Wheel marked with A may be of five or six foot in Diameter, which shall be turned by a Pinion of eight Teeth, to the Axtree whereof shall be fitted a Wheel of twenty four Teeth, Which shall be turn­ed by a Pinion on whose Axtree the water Wheel C is fastned: the Keys are marked with D, and the Summer with F: the construction whereof shall be caught afterwards: the three Registers marked GHI, are different the one from the other. And to the intent that the noise of the motion may not be heard when the Organs play, it is good that there be a wall of a foot thick between the Registers and the said motion, the conveighances of the wind are of Copper, which coming from the Summer to the Registers pass through the said Wall.

As concerning the Bellows to give wind to the Pipes; the motion of them shall be shewn in the next Probleme, and also how to put the Musick upon the Musical Wheel.

The Explanation of Plate XX. An Engin by which the Bellows of the fore­going Engin may be lifted up to give Wind to the Pipes of the Organs.

THere are two manners to give Wind to the Pipes of the Organs in Hy­drautique Instruments, the one is with Bellows made with thin Boards joyned together with Leather, the other is with the Air which comes from Cisterns by want of Vacuity, as shall be taught hereafter. At the present I will shew how to raise the said Bellows by means of a water Wheel, as you may see by this present designe, where the long branch of Iron or Copper [Page 31] divided into four turning handles, make the said Bellows to rise the one after the other, by means of the said water Wheel.

The Explanation of Plate XXI. The representation of the Musical Wheel, to serve for Plate 19.

TO demonstrate Intirely the Engin of Plate 19. I will put here the re­presentation of one part of the Musical Wheel as big as the natural, to the intent that you may perfectly see how the Pins put down the Keys of the Organ: the said part doth onely represent six measures, the one of which shall be marked with Black or Gray all along the said Wheel, and the o­ther shall be marked with White, to the intent that the divisions may more easily be discerned, which shall be Parallel to the Keys: and if you will you may pierce the holes upon each division to change the Pins, when you would change the tune: Then you shall put the said Pins so as they may touch upon the Keys about the thickness of one of the said Pins, and so as the one touch not harder then the other. Alwaies when you come to De­mi-Crochets or Quavers, whereof there are sixteen in one measure, it will be good that they do not touch so hard as the others, to the end that one Pin do not touch before the other have passed beyond the Key, which is to be observed in all the other measures, otherwise there will be a confused Musick.

As concerning the construction of the Musical Wheel, it is necessary that it be of Oak, very dry, and the peeces well Joyned and Glued together, to the intent that it do not swel neither on the one side nor on the other: As for the Pins they shall be of Brass or of hard Wood. Further-more you shall observe that in this present Figure, there is but half the Keys designed: also many of the notes are wanting to the said Figure, because the Paper was not large enough to draw it so large as the Natural: but that which is here designed may serve to give understanding to the rest.

The Explanation of Plate XXII. To make Organs, or Trumpets of Or­gans, to Sound alwaies when the Sun shall be South, without any other princi­ple of motion, but the heat of the Sun and the Water.

LEt there be a Vessel of Copper or Lead marked with A, very close and Soldered on every side, and let it have a Syphon marked with C, which may be so made that the end which is within the Vessel be near to the bottom, and that the height of the said Pipe or Syphon be near the height of the said Vessel, then the other end shall come forth of the Vessel to run into the Vessel D.

And to order it so as the Sun may not heat the Vessel A till Noon, Behold how you are to proceede: Let there be a Tablet made to the said Vessel of strong Lead or Copper, marked with B, (as if it were the Cover of the said Vessel half lifted up) well Soldered to the said Vessel, and let the said Vessel be Invironned with a smal Wall of Brick, so as there may be [Page 32] onely the side before open to the Sun, and that the said side be exactly placed toward the South. It is certain that this being well done, that the Sun shall not shine against the said Vessel, but just at Noon; and then the rays shine against the angle which the top of the Vessel makes with the Table B, and by that means heats the top of the said Vessel, which shall make a com­pression in the Vessel, so as the water shall run forth by the Pipe C. Let there also be made a great Vessel marked with F, into which the water of the Spring which is to make the motion runs continually, and at the bottom of the said Vessel there is a Valve marked with G, at the lower end where­of there is a Pipe with a Cock marked with H, which serves to temper the course of the Water, which shall fall upon the water Wheel which is below.

So when the Sun shall be directly South (as hath bin before said) his rayes shall shine against the vessel A, which shall cause a compression of the water which is within, which shall run forth by the Pipe C into the ves­sel D, which being half full shall descend and open the Valve G, which be­ing open the water of the vessel F shall run upon the water Wheel and make the Musical Barrel to turn, as hath bin shewn before; and the Pins that are put upon the said Barrel, shall touch the Keys M▪ which being put down shall open the Valves which are under the Summer X, and the wind that shall be in the said Summer, shall make the Pipes of the Organs or Trumpets Sound which are above the Summer. Now Wind may be given to the said summer after two several manners▪ that is to say, by a Reserve, which is filled with the water which falls upon the water Weel, or by Bel­lows which are raised by another water Wheel, which shall move when the Vessel D descends, and shall open also a Valve, as that is marked with G: but because the Instrument must stop just at the point where it began, (when the Musical Barrel hath made one turn) to the end that when it begins to Sound another time, the Musick may be of a just measure.

Behold how it is made to stop. You shall make a smal Vessel of Copper marked with E, which shall have a smal hole in the bottom, and shall be so placed that the Cord which holds it shall be fastned to a ring near the Valve G, and the water which shall fil [...] the said Vessel shall be conveighed by the Pipe marked with L, so as when the Valve G is opened forth-with the water shall run into the said Vessel, and when the water of the Vessel F, shall be a little abated, then it shall run no more into the Vessel E, which shall alwaies empty the water which is in it by the smal Hole at the bottom. And the time that the said Vessel E empties must be fitted to the time that the Wheel requires to make one turn, and the said Vessel being empty the Valve G shall fall down again, because it ought to be made in a manner heavier then the two Vessels E and D, when they are empty: and on the contrary, when one of the said Vessels is full, that they may be Heavier then the said valve: And as concerning the vessel D it is necessary that it empty rather then E, because it need not keep so exact a measure as E. And see here how it empties, when it is half full with the Water which descends by the Pipe C, then it draws down it self, and that marked with E, also because it it Heavier then G, and at the same instant G opens, and the wa­ter descends upon the Wheel and into the two vessels, and when D is full [Page 33] then the Vessel turns the top downwards and empties, and in the same time the water of the Vessel F abates and is lower then the height of the Pipe D, the water shall run in no more, but the end of the Pipe L must be some­what lower then that of D, to the end that the water may there run longer. It remains to shew how the Pipe A is filled again with water:

Therefore let there be put a Pipe with a smal valve under the said vessel, after the same manner as in the foregoing Figure, and after that the Heat of the Sun hath made the compression, and that one part of the water of the said vessel shall be run out after the Sun hath passed the said vessel, to shun vacuity it shall fill again by the said valve as hath been taught in the 14 ^th Probleme.

In Sum, if all the parts of this motion be well ordered, you shall have the desired Effect with admiration to the Hearers.

The Explanation of Plate XXIII. To make an admirable Engin, the which being placed at the foot of a Statue, shall send forth a Sound when the Sun shineth upon it, so as it shall seem that the Statue makes the said Sound.

COrnelius Tacitus in his History maketh mention that there was in E­gypt a Statue of Memnon, which did send forth a certain Sound, when the Sun shined upon [...]. Pausmias is said to have seen the said Figure, and that the Sound was like to the Sound of the strings of an Harp when they break.

The Demonstration of this present Figure doth arise from that which hath been shewn before in the 9 ^th and 10 ^th Plate, which teacheth to raise the water in a vessel of Copper or Lead (with the Heat of the Sun) by means of a valve A. Now when the water shall be in F, it shall be trans­ported into C by the Syphon B, which casting its water into C shall make the Air breath forth of it, and animate the two Organ Pipes, which with the Engin may be put in the Figure or in the Pedestal, or otherwise, if the En­gin be put at a distance you must use conveighances for the wind, and so the Pipes onely may be in the Figure, which being of Brass and holow shall have no Air but by the mouth by which the Sound of the Organ Pipes shall come forth.

The Explanation of Plate XXIIII. In this Plate is Figured the inside of the Musical Summer, for the Organs or Hydrautique Engins, which we have spoken of before.

THe Summer which is spoken of in the 16 ^th and 19 ^th Plate is here (for more easier understanding) represented three several waies, that is to say, By the Plane or Ignography, by the Orthography or Profile, and by the Se­nography or Perspective: the Valves are marked with M, the Groves by E, the Springs by H, and the Keys by L

As concerning the Covering of the Summer and valves, and the matter of the Summer which ought to be of Oak, well dryed, we might say divers things, and extend it more at large, but I think that it is not here needfull, I [Page 34] will onely add that which the excellent Poet Dubartas saith upon this sub­ject in the following Verses.

But concerning the Systemes and Measures of the Organ Pipes, both in Length and Breadth, Covered or Open, and also of the manner of the Re­gisters, great conveiance of the Wind, and the Trembling stop, &c. Is re­fered to a particular Treatise of the Construction of Organs.

The Explanation of Plate XXV. A Sluce to render falling Waters Navigable.

AMong all sorts of Sluces which may be produced to retain the Water, and render Rivers and likewise smal falling Waters Navigable; I have observed this here to be the most excellent:

It is placed between Venice and Padua, upon the falling water which is between the two Cities, which by Art hath been rendered Navigable for the facility of come [...]s between the two Towns.

It is to be observed that the water A which is towards the Spring or Head of the falling Water is alwaies very much higher then the water B, which is at the bottom of the second Sluce: Now to make the Boats and Barges Ascend or Descend, they are tyed to an Iron ring during the time that the Water contained between the two Sluces Rises or Falls; let it be e­ther to Ascend towards A▪ or Descend towards B. The Ingenious Reader may easily see the effect of these S [...]uces, without more words, and making other description then that which is described in the Figure.

The Explanation of Plate XXVI.

BEsides that which hath been handled before concerning Pumps, I have thought good also to add this manner of force-Pump, which is one of the best Inventions, and of which I have seen the experience: That which is here of great advantage, is that the forces do Rise and Fall Perpendicularly in their Barrels: It is easy to comprehend by the Figure that there are four places in the Arber which are Hollowed or Channelled, and in the half of the Channels there are Pins A E, incountring with Pins which are in P H, they make them to Descend, and in Descending they raise B N without be­ing hindered by the Pins that are therein, because they pass by the void place of the Channels marked with D C, and so they rise and fall each in his turn, and force the water with great violence to 50, or 60▪ foot height, or higher, if it be required.