CHAP. I.
Of a Feaverish heat.

A Feaver is so called from the Latine word For­veo, Of the Name. because it is a Fer­vor or Heat affecting the Body; the Gr [...]eks call it [...], that is to be inflamed or taken with a Feaver, sometimes it is called [...] [...], that is a fiery habit, or fiery disposition of the Body, and by Hip­pocrates in the first Book Epidem Com­men. 3. text 18. [...] ▪ that is, fire it self.

[Page 2] It is a praeternatural heat kindled in the heart, The defi­nition of a Feaver. as in its proper subject, pri­marily and per se hurting our actions, which heat by the mediation of bloud and spirits, through the Veines and Ar­teries, is diffused through the whole body.

Now, The divi­sion of heat. all heat is either Natural, or ascititious, the Natural is either im­planted and fixt, or elementary and fluid, and a Feaver cannot consist in either of these, because the implanted is fomented by the primogenious moysture, whose original is heavenly, and once depeculated or wasted, can­not be repaired; nor in the elementa­ry, because this by its temper doth help and cherish the implanted, and further it in concocting and assimila­ting the nourishment which is to bee converted into our substance; this heat Phisicians call influent, because with the spirits and bloud from the heart, it is carried by the Veines and Arteries to all parts of the body; a feaverish heat then is in the ascititious saith Galen, Comment. on the sixth book, Epidem. Hippo. text the 28.

An ascititious heat is Three-fold; The divi­sion of ascititious heat. [Page 3] the first in respect of the other is said to be simple, that is a bare exuperan­cy of heat, which is thus ingendred▪ the Elementary or fluent heat by a daily increase receding from its tem­per and mediocrity becomes excessive, so that that which was natural, by de­grees becomes unnatural, and there­fore vitious, and offensive to nature, doth hurt her operations; and in this ascitious heat are your Ephemerae or Diary Feavers, and unputred Syno­chus. The second heat different from the former is acrid and mordent, ari­sing from putrified matter, which though it be not very burning hot, yet favouring of the condition of the mat­ter from whence it proceeds, is prae­ternatural and burdensome to the im­planted heat, and in this are putrid Feavers both continual and intermit­ting, compound, erratick, and con­fused. The third ascitititious heat is wholly malignant and pernicious, cau­sed from some venenate or pestilent matter, not from the exuperancy of its quality, as the first, nor from putre­faction, as the second, but is substantially [Page 4] different, and inimicous to the vital and implanted heat.

CHAP. II.
Of the differences of Feavers.

SEeing that all Feavers are caused by an ascititious heat, and not by a natural, as was said before, it is necessary we take their differences first from the essence of heat, then from the subject in which the Feaver is, or from the manner of the motion of heat, or from the cause of the Disease, or from the matter, or symptomes.

The first difference then is from the essence of the praeternatural heat, From the essence. by which some action is alwaies hurt, be­cause there is a recession from the na­tural state, and by how much the grea­ter and more vehement this heat is, by so much the greater ought the Feaver to bee accounted; as for example, a [...], that is, a Burning feaver may be said to bee greater than any other Feaver, because its heat being more intense it appears more acrid and mor­dent [Page 5] than any other humoral Feaver; but on the contrary, if you compare it with an Hectick, it is less than that, be­cause this possesses the very substance of the heart, but that the Humours near unto it.

Another difference may bee taken from the subject wherein the Feaver is, From the subject. as for example, by how much the nobler the part affected is, by so much the more vehement the Feaver, as that Feaver which proceeds from a Phren­sie, peripneumony, or inflammation of the Lungs, or from a Plurisie by reason of the parts affected, shall bee farre more dangerous than that which follows an inflammation of the Reins, Spleen, or Foot; besides, the Feaver is proportionate, or improportionate in relation to the subject, and thence shall be esteemed greater or less, as a Burning feaver is proportionate in a Body hot and dry, of youthful age at Midsummer, or in a hot and dry re­gion, and consequently less dange­rous than the improportionate, which should happen to an aged body, cold and moyst in the Winter season, and in a cold and moyst Country, as [Page 6] Hippocrates doth excellently note it, Aphor. 34. Sect. 2.

The Third is from the manner of the motion, From the manner of the moti­on. and motions here, is no­thing else but a swift or slow transition from one subject to another; the swift motion is as often as the heat passeth from a crasse thick subject, to a tenuous one, as for example; as oft as an in­termitting Feaver doth pass into a continual or other putrid one; and on the contrary, the slow motion is as of­ten as an Ephemera or putrid feaver degenerates into a Hectick, for the Spirits are easier set a fire than the Humours, and these easier than the solid parts of heart and body; like­wise an unputrid Synochus being neg­lected, doth easily pass into a putrid one, and so of other sorts of Fea­vers.

The Fourth is from the efficient cause, From the efficient cause. which is three-fold, the one evident, the other internal, the third occult; the evident is drawn from those Six non-natural things, as from the air, inanition or repletion, &c. the internal from fluxions on the stomack or lungs, obstruction, crudities, or [Page 7] putrefaction of humours, &c. The occult cause may be double, external, and internal, the external as the con­tact of a Torpedo, impure copulati­on, the use of malign and venenate medicaments, &c. from whence are Feavers epidemical, endemical, spora­dical, and pestilential, saith Hippocrates and Galen, the internal cause is hard to bee discovered, because besides the putrefaction, there is a certain venenate air, or breath, which is for the most part unknown to us, whether it depend on the element of Stars, and therefore is called by Hippocrates, Quid divi­num, as was that sweating sickness in Brittaine, which did not only de­populate England, but Germany and France.

The Fifth difference is from the matter, From the matter. which consists either in the spi­rits, or the humours, or the solid parts, and these three Hippocrates in the sixth of his Epidem. last Section, text 19. calls [...], that is, containing, contained and impetuous bodies.

The containing, The con­taining. are the solid parts in which are caused Hectick Feavers, [Page 8] both universal and particular, they first invade the substance of the heart, then equally the other parts: these primarily and per se, possess the sub­stance of some private part, from whence they are communicated to the heart, and to the rest of the solid parts, as to the Lungs, Midrist, Stomach, or Liver, &c.

The contained, The con­ta [...]n [...]d. are the four Hu­mours which offend either in quanti­ty or quality, in quantity as often as these Humours are more or less en­flamed in the heart without putrefa­ction, and hence are the Epacmasti­cal, Acmastical, and Paracmastical Feavers; in quality, in relation either to touch, sight, or taste, according to Hippocrates, as by the touch of the Pulse, some are judged mordent, o­thers milde, and temperate in compa­rison with others; others appear moyst as bilious Feavers, such as are your continual tertians, or burning Feavers, all which are mordent, espe­cially about the state of the Disease, and before the Crisis; the m [...]lde ones are such as the true Diary Feaver, which ends with a sweat or moyst­ness, [Page 9] and your unputred Synochus, and [...], that is moyst, of which Galen makes mention against Lycus; for these in respect of other Feavers are called milde and temperate. To the sight are referred the red ones, as the unputred Synochus, which is from a more fervid bloud, the white ones as Quotidians, the livid as Quartans, Syncopal, or Pestilential Feavers; o­thers are arid and horrid to the eye, as the colliquating Hectick, and that of the second or third degree. In relation to taste, some are said to be sweet, as those from natural Flegme, and many bloudy ones, which even after putre­faction retaine some sweetness; o­thers are bitter as the bilious, others salt, as those from salt flegme, and the hybernal causes, or winter burning Feaver.

The impetuous are the vital, The im­petuous. ani­mal, and natural spirits; in the vital spirits is caused a Diary of one day, if the spirits be tenuous, of more daies, If they be crasse; but more of this in its proper place. Some Feavers are long, others short; some diurnal, others nocturnal; some ordinate, o­thers [Page 10] inordinate; some periodical, others erratical, according to the con­dition of the Sick, the quality of the morbous matter, or its quantity and motion.

The Sixt difference of Feavers is ta­ken from their Symptomes, From the Symptoms as often as a part is possest with an inflammation, and these Feavers are always continu­all, whether bloud, choller, or flegme superabound; if bloud, the Feaver is called Phlegmonodes, if choller, Ery­sipelatodes, and Typhodes, or bur­ning; and they have another name or appellation from the part affected, as from the Liver Hepatica, from the Spleen Splenica, from the Bladder Cystica, from the Throat Cynanchica, from the Head Phrenitica, Lethargi­ca, Comatosa, from the Lungs Pneu­monica, from the Side Pleuritica, from the Midriff Diaphragmatica, from the Wombe Hysterica, from the Stomach Stomachica, &c.

CHAP. III.
Of the division of Feavers.

ALL Feavers of what sort soever are either Essential, or Sympto­matical, the Essential is either simple, compound, confuse, erratick, pesti­lent, or of malignant nature.

The Simple is either in the spirits, The sim­ple Feaver. or humours, or solid parts; chiefly in the vital spirits, then in the animal and natural (if there be any such) is the true Ephemera which lasts but one day, but longer if the spirits be crasse. In the Humours are ingendred divers Feavers, of which some are continual, others intermitting, and of the conti­nual some are from the Humours not putrefied, others from putrid hu­mours, and these either from the hu­mours equally, or inequally putre­fied.

Those which are from the humours not putrefied are from the bloud infla­med in the heart by a preternatural heat, An unpu­tred Syno­chus. which by the greater veines dif­fused into the habit of the body, doth [Page 12] primarily, and per se hurt our actions. These differ from an Ephemera no­minally, and in respect of the matter not really, nor in way of cure, be­cause the one is in the spirits inflamed, the other in the bloud unputrefied; both may proceed from the same ex­ternal causes, and the same method and remedies serve for the cure of both, they are continual, and have but one accession, although there bee three sorts of them distinguisht by their several names.

The first is, The Ho­motonos. when the heat remains equal and alike to it self, through the whole course of the Feaver, and how much is inflamed anew, so much is presently dissipated, and this the Greeks call Homotonos, or of equal tenor.

The second is, The E­pacmasti­c [...]. when the late infla­mation is greater than the dissipation, and then the heat gathers strength, and grows stronger, and this is called E­pacmastical, or increasing.

The third is, The Parac­mastical. when there is more dissipated, then is afresh inflamed, and it sensibly declines till it end, and by the same Greeks is called Paracmasti­cal, [Page 13] or declining; and this Synochus may last seven days, but an Epheme­ra transcends not the third day unless the spirits be crasse; full bodies which abound with bloud, and fare delici­ously and live idlely, and those in hot and moyst, or temperate regions, are most subject to the unputred Syno­chus, for the most part it ends with sweating or moystness, as an Ephe­mera, which wants not its danger, if you neglect bleeding.

Feavers which are in the putred Hu­mours are either from equal, The pu­tred Sy­nochus. or ine­qual putrefaction; if the Humours be equally putrefied in the great Veines, the Feavers are continual, and are three-fold distinguisht by the same names as the unputred Synochus; for the first is Homotonos, when the pu­trefaction remaines equal and alike to it self through the whole course of the Disease, and how much putrefies so much is emptied; the second Epac­mastical, when the putrefaction from the beginning to the end increaseth; the ast Paracmastical, when the mor­bifical humour is from the beginning to the end by degrees diminisht. The [...] [Page 14] three have no remissions, or exacer­bations apparent at intervalls (be­cause the Humours are equally putre­fied in the great Vessels) as are in those which proceed from the Hu­mours inequally putrefied in the same Vessels, of which in their proper place; neither have they any intermissions as are in the exquisite intermitting Fea­vers, but last till the whole putrefa­ction is discussed; their sigues are like to those of the unputred Synochus, but more conspicuous, because they are from putred matter, but those from the effervescency of heat.

The latter Phisicians use the word [...], The Sy­nechis. for every continual Feaver caused from the Humours inequally putrefied in the great Veines, to diffe­rence it from [...], which signifies the same, if you respect the etymolo­gy of the word. This Synechis, or con­tinual Feaver, hath divers appellati­ons according to the site of the Hu­mour which doth unequally putrefie; if in the great Veines near to the heart, a [...] or burning feaver is ingen­dred, but if in the other Veines further off, a continual Feaver is caused, which [Page 15] hath its denomination from the pre­dominant humour, viz. if Natural choler putrefie, there will follow a bi­lious Synechis, which every other day shall have its exacerbations and remissions, and in the morning espe­ciall shall be most remitted, but with­out intermission, from whence is a continual tertian; if Natural flegme putrefie in the veines, there shall be a continual quotidian, which likewise every day at set hours shall have its remissions and exacerbations; if a melancholly humour putrefie, there shall be a continual quartan, which e­very fourth day shall have its intensi­on and remission, but no intermis­sion.

Amongst those Feavers which are caused from Humours inequally pu­trid, Intermit­ting Fea­vers. there are some others which dif­fer from the continual, both in matter and site, and are called intermitting, for the matter of continual Feavers is natural, but that of intermittings is excrementitious; the seat and matter of the continual, is in the great Veines, but that of the intermitting without them, as in the Liver, Stomach, [Page 16] Spleen, Intestines, Mesentery, and ha­bit of the body, so that if excrementi­tious choler putrefie, it is called an in­termitting tertian, because it recurres every thrid day, begins with rigour, and sometimes with vomiting, if it be exquisite, whose fit is twelve hours, or less, according to the quantity of cho­ler producing it, and is terminated with Sweats, then ends in an apyrexy, or perfect infebricitation, and the fuel of this Disease is principally in the Li­ver; likewise if excrementitious flegme putrefie, out of the great Vessels is cau­sed an intermitting quotidian, whose fit is eighteen hours by reason of its coldness, crassness, and clamminess, and it begins with a coldness of the Nose, Eares, Hands, and Feet, and is terminated with a moysture, and not with sweat as a tertian, the fountain of this is the Stomach, if glassie flegme putrefie in the same place; there is a­nother kind of Feaver which the Greeks call [...], the word is deri­ved from [...], which is milde, and [...] the Sea, because as that at first seems smooth to the Marriner, and by and by is tost with most horrid Tem­pests, [Page 17] so this Feaver at first invasion is gentle, and so takes root, and a little while after precipitates the sick into most desperate dangers, or as Aegi­neta would have it, it is derived from the Adverb [...], that is, gently, and [...], heateth; to this kinde may bee referred those from Rheume, and that which accompanies the Green Sick­ness, but of them in their place. If a melancholly excrementitious Humour putrifie there, it begins with horrour, and sometimes with vomiting, as a tertian, and the fit is twelve hours, or more, or less, according to the quanti­ty of the Humour, and recurres every fourth day, and therefore is called a quartan, which is the longest of all Feavers, and hath its seat in the Spleen; and so much for Feavers in the Hu­mours inequally putrified, whether continual, or intermitting; and though Hippocrates and Galen make mention of a Quintan, Sextan, Sep­tan, and Nonan, we must not think they proceed from any next kinde of Humour, but are to bee referred to a Quartan, and to be cured by the same method, onely the difference is that a [Page 18] Quintan is caused from an atrabilari­ous humour, and is the worst of all, fullest of danger, and of the greatest essence, saith Galen, Commen. on the third Section of the first Book Epidem▪ but the rest are from a melancholly humour.

A Hectick Feaver (although it bee in the solid parts) is to be reckoned a­mongst the Simple Feavers, A Hectick it differs from a pestilential, in that it is free from any venenate or malign quality, from the Humoral, that is free from putrefaction. A Pestilent Feaver is likewise numbred amongst the Sim­ple, though it differ from them by its venenate, contagious, and pernicious quality, by which it contaminates our substance, and amongst malignant Feavers may be numbred, those from vitellinous, aeruginous, and prassinous choller, according to Galen, and Hip­pocrates, and Avenz [...]ar in his Theisir, A Leipyria is placed also amongst malignant Feavers by Hippocrates, in his Epidem. and Progno. 2. Lib. 3. and by Galen in his Comments upon those Books, it differs from an exquisite cause by its malignity, and is always [Page 19] deadly, according to Galens Commen. on Aph [...]ris. 48. Sect. 4. and c. 4. of his Book of Inequal Distempers, it kills the fourth day, or sooner, and fol­lows great inflammations of the Vis­cera, so much of Simple Feavers.

A Compound Feaver is that which is made either of two intermittings mixt, Com­pound Feavers. as a double tertian, a double and tri­ple quartan, or of a continual and in­termitting, as a hemitritaean, or a Hectick with a putred make a Com­pound Feaver, and so likewise of ma­ny others.

The confused is as often as two or three Humours doe putrefie together, The Con­fuse. whether in the great Veines, or out of them▪ and in the same place begin to­gether, and end together, for this mixion ingenders no compound but a confused Feaver, and the one cannot be known from the other, because the signes are so confused from whence it hath its name, as for example, if Cho­ler and Flegme putrefie together in the great Veines, there shal be two continu­al Feavers in the same place, which make a confuse, and no Compound Feaver; on the other side, if the same [Page 20] Humours putrefie with melancholly in the lesser Veines altogether, and in the same place, there shall bee two or three intermittings, which mixt doe likewise produce no compound, but confused Feaver; so a double conti­nual tertian will be confused, and not compound, because the putred matter is contained in the same place.

The Erratick, The Erra­tick. or inordinate Feaver is that which observes no type, or or­der of other Simple Feavers, whose humour putrefies in divers places, and moves from one place to another, from whence is the diversity of the fits; sometimes it intermits four dayes, sometimes eight, and sometimes more, and then recurres; sometimes it comes sooner, and is called praeoccupant; sometimes moves slower, and is called retardant; and so much for essential Feavers. A Symptomatical Feaver, though it be continual, yet differs from the former, because its matter is not contained in the greater Veines, nei­ther hath it any exacerbations, or re­missions, but depends on the in­flammation of the part which it possesses, from whence it hath its [Page 21] name, as is observed in the second Chapter.

CHAP. IV.
Of the Circuit of Feavers.

TO finde out the Reason of the Circuits of intermitting Feavers is of no small moment amongst the Learned, for what one allows, ano­ther reprobates, every one applauding his owne phansie; leaving then their nicities, I shall declare my owne opini­on, having premised somewhat for elucidation of what shall follow; all the parts of the body are endued with four Faculties, to wit, the Attractive, Retentive, Alterative, and Expulsive, and as long as these are free from any fault, man lives in perfect health, and when one of these is too strong for the other, he is affected with various Dis­eases▪ as if an excrement be inherent to any part, and cannot bee expeld from it by reason of its weakness, it be­comes burthensome to it, because it is neither discussed nor removed; or if by reason of its coldness, crasseness, or [Page 22] clamminess, it obstruct the passages through which it ought to be expeld, it putrefies, and causeth a Disease, and the heat contracted by putrefaction is very offensive to the heat, and first of all occupies and infests the Spirits, be­cause they are tenuous, then the Hu­mours, because they are more cra [...]e; and last of all the solid parts, and this heat from the heart through the Ar­teries dispersed to the whole body ge­nerates a Feaver▪ and hurts our actions. The cause then of the shortness or length, of the anticipation or tardati­on of the Circuits, may be taken from these Six things viz. From the Spe­cies of the Humour, from the quanti­ty, quality, habit of the Body, dispo­sition of Strength, and complication of Feavers.

There are four Humours in the Body, From the Humour. one of which exceeds the other in quantity and quality, as if pure bloud putrefie in the great Veines, (which is hot and moyst) it begets a continual Synechis, if out of those Veines, it produces an intermitting, its thinner part is turned into choler, and the crasser into melancholly, as [Page 23] Alexan. Aphrodis. learnedly notes.

Another cause of the circuits is from the quality of the Humour, From the quality. and weak­ness of the part where the excrement is heaped up; as flegme next to bloud exceeds other Humours in quantity, and being cold of quality, and moyst, crasse, and clammy, by its frigidity it resists putrefaction, and by reason of its crasseness and clamminess is not so easily resolved as bloud, and hence are the length of its fits, and by reason of the reliques and imbecillity of the part, new excrement is heaped on it, thence are new fits which recurre every day; and if yellow choler putrefie in a part, it causeth the like, though more dif­ficultly than flegme, by reason of its driness, by which it more powerfully resists putrefaction, and because it is a tenuous humour, and not crasse, it is farre more easily resolved than flegme, and leaves less reliques behind it in the affected part; and hence is it that its fits (which it causeth) doe sooner end in an infebricitation, and greater time or interval is required for a new acces­sion, but because the part is debilita­ted by the former excrement, it readily [Page 24] receives the new, which putrefying as before causeth a new fit, neither sooner nor later than the third day, and lasts twelve hours, and is therefore called a tertian, because it recurres every third day. The melancholly juyce re­tained in a part doth not so easily pu­trefie as other Humours, by reason of its two qualities which resist putre­faction, viz. frigidity and siccity, and therefore it intermits two daies, and returns every fourth day; and though the former matter bee emptied, yet there is a weakness and disposition of the part (as in the other) to receive a fresh humour, from whence follows a new fit, which for the most part lasts twelve hours, sometimes more, some­times less, according to the quantity of the humour oppressing the part.

The quantity of the Humour, Object. a­gainst this opinion. whe­ther much or little, cannot of it self be the cause of the longitude, or brevity, anticipation, or tardation of the fit, it is true, a great quantity doth oppress the part, and a small is quickly resol­ved; but that alone cannot be the ef­ficient cause, because the same motion is observed to bee from a small and [Page 25] great quantity, and that it is so, let choler or melancholly be found in any part of the body putrefied, it is most certaine that choler will move neither sooner nor later than the third day, nor melancholly than the fourth, there­fore the quantity of the Humour alone cannot be the cause of the circuits, or of the longitude, or &c, of feaverish fits.

But rather the quality is the cause of the length or shortness of the antici­pation, From the quality. or post-position of the fits, which your epileptical insults seeme to manifest, for they proceed not so much from the quantity of the hu­mour, as from the quality offensive to the braine, and thus Womens courses flow at set moneths and dayes, not by reason of the quantity of the bloud, but quality, whether they be much or little, unless somewhat intervert the course of Nature; and so wee must judge of the Humours, in which there is a certain occult quality, unknown to us, which causes flegme every day, yellow choler every third day, and melancholly every fourth, to grow fu­rious, and bee moved; Hippocrates [Page 26] seems to favour this opinion in his Proaemium to the first Book of Prog­nosticks, where hee thus Prophecies, [...], &c. whether there be nor somewhat Divine in the Disease, which according to Aristotle, in proportion answer to the Element of Stars; now the starry Element is said to be that which operates beyond the order or power of the Four Ele­ments, and is scarce comprehensi­ble.

The habit of the body whether dense or rare, From the habit of the body. may be the cause too, of the length or shortness of the fits, but the anticipation or tardation may bee referred to the substance of the matter, or to the multitude or paucity; the substance is either crasse or tenuous, if crasse and clammy the fits shall be lon­ger, if tenuous shorter; if to the mul­titude, or paucity, a little is easier dis­sipated and resolved than a great deal, from these two then, the anticipati­on or tardation of the fits may bee caused.

The Fifth cause of the Circuits may be from the strength, From the strength. for if the altera­tive and expulsive faculty of every [Page 27] part be strong, they will cast off all the excrement to the parts destined for it by Nature; contrariwise, it they bee both weak, that remaining doth by degrees putrefie, because it is not dis­cussed, and so it moves sooner or la­ter according to its quantity, or quali­ty, or both together, and the pa­roxysmes are longer, or shorter.

The complication of Feavers may change the course of Circuits, From the complica­tion. because some are from a cold Humour, crasse and clammy, others from a hot and tenuous; so the one is moved, corrup­ted, and resolved sooner, the other later, from whence is the shortness or length of the fits; besides our dyet, whether good or bad, if in tempestivous doth help or hurt much, or the Pati­ents intemperancy, and irregularity.

The efficient cause of putrefaction is either external, The cause of putre­faction. or internal; the ex­ternal doth chiefly depend on corrupt meats, or evil juyce, which can no way be corrected by the help of Na­ture, and which are apt to corrupt and affect the Viscera; the internal cause is either from obstruction, or the occursi­on of putrid things, for obstruction, cau­sed [Page 28] by crasse & viscid Humours hinders perspiration, and so the Humours re­teined, and neither discussed, nor coo­led, doe easily putrefie though they be good, and hence a Feaver; of the same force is that obstruction which proceeds from a plenitude of the Ves­sels, which is above our strength; for they therefore putrefie because they cannot be concocted, nor governed by our enfeebled strength. The occursi­on of putred things doth first corrupt the Spirits, then the Humours, as the filthy exhalations, and putrefaction of vapours, drawing in the Air from the Gallical Elephantiacal, and of those in­fected with a putrid or pestilent Fea­ver.

CHAP. V.
Of the Constitution of Feavers.

SEntentious Hippocrates in the 12 ^th. Aphorisme of the first Section, re­duces the times of Diseases to two, viz. the [...] and the [...], that [Page 29] according to Galen in the first Book of Crises, What the catas [...]a [...] it. chap. 4. is the constitution of the whole Disease, or its duration con­scribed within its four times, viz. the beginning, increase, state, and declina­tion, the knowledge and distinction of which times is so necessary for a Phisi­cian, that without it hee can neither prognosticate aright, nor prescribe pro­per diet or remedies.

The signes of these four Univer­sal times are taken from the I­daea, From whence are the signes of these tim [...]s. or species of the Disease, from its motion, from the nature of the fits, from the figure of the body, from the strength of the Patient, from the sea­son of the year, and age of the Pati­ent, from the pulse and rigor, from the hour of the fit, and the vehemency of the symptomes, from the length or shortness of the fits, from the nature of the evacuations, from the crudity or coction of the Urine, and of the Hu­mours causing the Diseases.

The Idaea or species of the Disease is chiefly taken from its motion: From whence is the Idaea of the Dis­ease. for a swift motion shewes that the state will be quickly, and a slow motion that it will fall out later. Thus a burning Fea­ver [Page 30] by reason of its essence is said to be vehement, and quickly comes to its state; and a pestilent Feaver by reason of the governing faculty it affects, is ve­hement, and hath a speedy state, and an inflammation of the Lungs, by reason of the dignity of the part, speeds to its state.

From the nature of the fits you have these Signes, 2 From the fits. if they be short, the state is near; if long, afarre off.

From the Figure of the body, 3 From the figure. if the face with the Hypochondria bee sud­dainly extenuated, it denotes the Fea­ver to be acute, and of swift motion, but if the body be not impaired, it is a signe of its longitude.

If at the beginning the Sick be more than ordinarily weakned, 4 From the strength. it shews the Disease to be acute, and of swift moti­on; if otherwise, to be diuturnal.

If the season, 5 From the season. age, region, custome, and dyet of the Patient be all agreeing, the Disease shall be short; if otherwise, long; as for example, if a young cho­lerick body at Midsummer, in a hot Country, feeding high, on meats of good juyce, and drinking pure wine, should be taken with a tertian, it shall [Page 31] sooner leave him, than if hee were an old man in a cold Country, and Win­ter season, fed with cold and moist meats, and seized on by the same Dis­ease, and thus a Winter quotidian would bee longer to him than a Sum­mer one.

If the pulse be frequent, 6 From the pulse. swift, and great, it declares an acute Feaver of quick motion.

If the rigour be long, 7 From the rigour. it shews the length of the Disease, because the Humour is putrefied out of the great Vessels, if short, it shews the con­trary.

If it alwayes invade at the same hour the Disease will be long, 8 From the houre. because it shews the Humour to be fixt, and hardly to be eradicated, but if it anti­cipate, or come later, it will be shor­ter, and bee more easily extirpated; sometimes the quantity of the matter is the cause of the anticipation, as the paucity is of the tardation.

The vehemency of the Symptomes in the fit doth indicate the vehemency and velocity of the morbificall mat­ter. 9 From the Symp­tomes.

If the later fit last longer than the 10 From the dura­tion of the fits. [Page 32] former, it shews the augment, if shor­ter, the declination of the disease.

If in a former fit there was an eva­cuation made by sweat, 11 From the evacu­ation. and yet the next fit be as long, it denotes the length of the Disease from the quantity of the matter.

If at the beginning, 12 From the urine. the Urine bee coct, the Feaver will be short; if crude, long; for the Urine is of good judge­ment in Feavers continual, or inter­mitting. That water is tenuous in which appear no contents, but is of white colour, and denotes crudities; but if it be meanly crasse with white contents, smooth, and equal, it shewes coction, and the brevity of the Feaver.

If the matter be not contained in the greater or lesser Veines, Signes when the matter is out of the veines. but in the Stomach, then the signes are to be ta­ken from the dejections or stooles, if in the instruments of respiration, from the spittle; if in the habit of the body, from the sweat; Hippocrates in the first and second Book of Prognosticks; but that these four times may the better be distinguisht, we shall set downe some examples of particular Diseases, by which you may guesse of the rest.

[Page 33] The beginning of a Feaver is then said to be, How to distinguish the four times of Feavers. when the humour in which the Feaver doth consist is crude, the augment when it begins to be concoc­ted, the vigor or state of the Disease is most vehement when it appears most concoct, the declination when all Symptomes doe abate; or in a word, an obscure concoction determinates the beginning, a manifest, the aug­ment, a perfect the state.

The beginning of a Phlegmon is, The fo [...] times of a Phlegmon. when the part is filled with bloud, the augment when the fluxion ceases, and the bloud collected putrefies, from which putrefaction is caused a heat, and from that heat a greater diffusion, distending the part more, though there be no new afflux, the vigour is when it is turning to pus, the paine and hear being greater, the declination when the pus flowes forth, or is digest and resol­ved.

The beginning of an Ophthalmy is, when there is a deflux of a thin, Signes of the times of an Ophthal­my crude, copious humour to the eye, the aug­ment is when the humour is more crasse, and hath some signes of coc­tion, the state is when it is yet crasser, [Page 34] and less, when the eye-lids are glued together like to those that sleep, the de­clination when all things are more gentle, without the distinction of these times, the remedies reckoned up by Hippocrates, Apho. 31. Sect. 6. would little availe this Disease.

The beginning of an Ulcer is, when the sanies is watry thin and incoct, The four times of an Ulcer. the augment when it is lesse and thicker, the state when the Pus is tenuous, white, and equal, when crass and lit­tle, the declination; these four univer­sal times of Diseases are not alwayes equal, nor comprehended within a set number of dayes, not only in divers Diseases, but in the same, one is sometimes longer, sometimes shorter, and not alwayes equal. Besides these signes, the anticipation of the fit doth declare the augment of the Disease, as the tardation doth declination, though it is not universally so; for some quo­tidians, tertians, and quartans (by a certain propriety of the Disease) have from the beginning to the end always anticipated, as others have always been more tardant. If the fit antici­pate, and be longer than usually, and [Page 35] more vehement, and the intermission shorter, more impure, and the fea­verish heat increased, and the Symp­tome [...] [...] it more grievous, they denote the state; but if it be shorter, slower, more simple, and the Symp­tomes lesse, they argue a declination of the whole Disease. The like obser­vation may be made of Symptomati­cal Feavers, which arise from the in­flammations of the Viscera, whose times are the same with those of Phlegmons. All this is to be understood of [...] Diseases, and not of those lethal which run not through all these times manifestly, because some kill in the beginning, others in the augment, others in the state, and seldome or never in the declination, unless the Disease be malignant, and the strength so deject, that it cannot expel the morbi­fical humour though it be concoct.

CHAP. VI.
Of the four times of Disease [...] in special.

IN the former Chapter we treated in general of the constitution of the whole Disease, now of the Paroxysme or Fit, having first told what time is, and what a Paroxysme; a Period, or Circuit, and what a Type, and where­in they differ.

Time is the number or measure of motion according to priority, What time is. and posteriority, saith Aristotle in the fourth of his Physicks, but Galen in his Book to Thrasybulus describes it other­wise, for he sayes. Time is an altera­tion of the morbifical matter, made ei­ther by the natural or preternatural heat, since the times of Diseases are essentially measured by the mediate passions caused in the living parts of our bodies, and those in relation to coction.

A Period is the time of intermission and remission, What a period is. when a Feaver returns from one place to the same againe, as [Page 37] for example, if a Tertian Ague begin the tenth hour with rigour, and the third day return the same hour with ri­gour, it shall be an intermitting terti­an; if a Feaver begin with cold, it shall be an intermitting quotidian; if with horrour, a quartan.

In the Period, What is the type. Paroxysme, or Cir­cuit is concluded the Type, which is nothing else but the order of intension, or remission, comprehended in the pe­riod, which denotes both the time and species of the Disease, saith Galen.

The matter of intermitting Feavers is sometimes moved from one place to another, The time of inter­mitting Feavers from moveable matter. sometimes moves not, but rests quiet in a part, now when the matter is moved the times of intermit­ting Feavers are Six, viz. The begin­ning, the inequality, the increment, the state, declination, and integrity, or interval.

The Fit or Paroxysine is divided in­to the accession, The divisi­on of the fit. which is the worser part of the whole Circuit, beginning from the first invasion and lasting to the state, and remission, which is the more benigne part, saith Galen in his Commentary on Aphoris. 12. Sect. 1. [Page 38] and Chap. 3, 4, 5. of the times of Disea­ses; now to the accession belong the four first times, to the remission, the two last, which are now to be explai­ned.

The beginning is, The first time. when the matter begins to be moved, and Nature hath not yet begun to work upon the mat­ter.

The inequality, The se­cond time. when the matter begins to putrefie, and putrid vapours assault the heart, and a feaverish heat is diffused without the heart, which whiles it is expanding, Nature gives battle against the matter.

The augment is, The third. when the heat is equally expanded throughout all parts, and the heat is more intense, and Nature re-acts on the morbifical mat­ter.

The state is, The fourth when there is an omni­modal equality in the feaverish heat, that is when the heat is extended through all parts in an equal de­gree.

The declination is, The fifth. when there is a gradual inequality of heat, or when the heat is diminisht, and Nature over­comes, and the seaverish heat for­sakes [Page 39] the heart, and invades the ex­treame parts and feet.

The integrity is, when the Feaver is quite off The Sixth. but these Six may very well be reduced to Four, because the for­mer of the inequality is reduced to the beginning, the latter part to the aug­ment, and the integrity is no time of the Feaver, but of the Period; and so much of Feavers, whose matter is moveable from place to place. Now let us speak of that matter which is not moved, but remains in a part, by rea­son of its weakness, that it cannot expel it, and therefore putrefies, and causeth a putrid Feaver, which the matter be­ing emptied doth intermit, but be­cause the imbecillity of the part is still remaining, and certaine seminaries of the former matter, therefore a new excrement is easily received, which be­ing corrupted causeth a new fit.

The beginning of these fits is, when the superfluity begins to putrefie, The times of these putrid are but four. the augment when the fuliginous putrid matter assaults the heart, and the hu­mours contained in it are inflamed, so that its innate heat is made fiery hot, the state is when this fiery Fervor is [Page 40] brought to the height, and the de bate is strongest between the feavourish heat and Nature, the declination is, when Nature overcomes the fiery heat, and expells it (if the matter bee tenuous) by sweat if the pores be o­pen, and the expulsive faculty strong, or by Urine if those passages be open, or by the stoole if the matter be crasse, which is the way appointed by Nature for such excrements.

The beginning of these Diseases is known from the pulse rare and slow, The signes of the times of these Fea­vers. from a plumbeous or sublivid colour, a coldnesse of the extreame parts, ssoath, sadness, paine, and profound sleep, the heat being retracted to the heart, and the braine refrigerated, from their eye-lids scarce moveable, the matter moving outwards and molest­ing them, from their salivation caused by the concussion of the rigour or hor­rour, the salival matter residing in the glandules about the root of the tongue, being expressed by it.

When a dry Cough is caused, The aug­ment. the thinner part of the moisture falling into the rough Artery, it being ineffectual and vaine, the sick is worse affected, and [Page 41] then is the augment with a great pulse frequent, and the heat expanded to all the parts.

The state followes when the heat is consistent at its height, The state. neither encrea­sed nor diminisht, the Symptomes vehement, the Pulse greater, swifter, and more frequent then ordinary.

If the declination tend to death, (which is very rare) the pulse is weak, The decli­nation. unequal, and inordinate, but if to health, then all Symptomes are re­mitted, and strength daily encrea­sed.

These Four times are to bee obser­ved both in sal [...]brous Feavers, and mortal, but in different respects; in the third Chapter we told you, that salu­brous Feavers were either in the Spi­rits, or in the Humours, or in the so­lid parts.

In the Spirits is a Diary, From whence the times of a Diary. whose times are not taken from the matter, nor from the symptomes, but from the essence of the preternatural heat kindled in the vital spirit of the heart. The whole fit of this Feaver is twenty four hours, sometimes shorter or lon­ger, according to the quantity of the [Page 42] febrish heat, crasseness of the spirits, the strength of the sick, or thicknesse of the skin, but if it be exquisite, it spee­dily runs through its four times.

The Humours may bee inflamed without putrefaction, Feavers without putrefa­ction of the Hu­mours. and cause a con­tinual Feaver, which hath but one fit, and that longer than a Diary, whose four times are taken from its essence, and from the matter, viz. (the fervid bloud hurting our actions) whether it be homotonous, epacmastical, or pa­racmastical; and these four times may be distinguished though short, and the matter not moveable from place to place. Next, let us examine the Sings by which the Four times of Feavers which arise from the Humours equally putrefied, whose matter is quiet and immoveable may be distinguished, and afterwards of those inequally putre­fied; we will speak first of those whose matter putrefies in the great Veines, and if equally there shall arise a three­fold continual Feaver, which come not alike to the integrity or interval, and end with one fit, and has no periods, yet hath its four times distinguishable; The first is, when through the whole [Page 43] course of the Disease, the measure of putrefaction is alike, and the Greeks call this Homotonos; the second is, when the putrefaction is greater than the dissipation, and this is called E­pacmastical; the third is, when the dissipation is greater than the putrefa­ction, and is called Paracmastical, and their four times are distinguisht by their intention, and remission, and putre­faction; if the Humours which are contained in the great Veines doe un­equally putrefie, it is either the thinner part of the bloud, or cholerick bloud which putrefies, and it causes a con­tinual tertian, or flegme, or the cruder part of the bloud, and causes a con­tinual quotidian, or the crasser part, of the bloud, and maketh a continual quartan, of which more at large in their proper places; the times of these Feavers may be distinguisht from what is aforesaid, if the Humours putrefie out of those greater Veines, the Feavers shall bee intermitting, and their four times shall be more evident than those of continual, because the matter moves from place to place, and they are ter­minated by urine, sweatings, vomitings or looseness.

[Page 44] Mortal Feavers seldome have four times, The times of mortal Feavers. for some kill in the beginning if they bee pe [...]acute, and the Patient weak; others kill in the augment, when the Sick is stronger; others in the state, when they are yet stronger, and the Feaver is less acute, as Galen shewes in his first Book of Crises, chap. 2. and Hippocrates in the first Book of his Epid. Sect. 2. Text 45. saith, No man dyes in an universal declination, for coction signifies a speedy indication, and security of health; the reason is, because in the declination of a Paroxysme, or fit, the morbificall matter may not be overcome, and so death may follow, either from the weakness of the faculty, or from the malignant quality, or from the quantity of the Humour wherewith Nature is overwhelmed, or by some errour of the Phisician, though signes of coction doe appear; to prove this, Avicen in Book 4. fen. 2. tract 1. chap. 98. brings for an example the small Pox of Children, in the declina­tion of which sometimes death fol­lows, not by reason of the Pockes which are in declination, but by rea­son of the Feaver, and malignant qua­lity [Page 45] annexed. Another example there is, that a man may dye in the declina­tion of a Synochus, not by reason of the essence of the Feaver, but by neg­lect of the malignant matter the cause of it, or being preposterously handled, as Galen notes in his third Book of Crises; these four times of Diseases according to Hippocrates and Galen can no more bee described by a certaine number of daies, and houres, than the decretory daies can, by reason of the various temper of the Humours, and the diseased, as shall further appear in the next assertion, for an acute Dis­ease hath shorter times and a Chronical longer.

The four times of a Hectick Feaver are not taken from the matter, The times of a Hec­tick. nor from the Symptomes, but from the essence of the preternatural heat which works upon the primogenious humi­dity of the heart, whose beginning is when the feaverish heat begins to work on the rorid substance of the heart; the augment, when it begins to consume it; the state, when the humidity is consumed; the declinati­on, [Page 46] on, when that native humidity begins to be restaurated.

CHAP. VII.
Certaine Physical Canons, or Rules for practise.

ALL Rules for Curing are taken either from the Disease, or from its Efficient cause, or from the nature and situation of the affected part, or from the Symptomes; from the Dis­ease, as a Feaver, whose preternatural heat is in the Spirits, Humours, or solid parts, and is not simple, but conjugate, viz. hot and dry, which according to Hippocrates axiome, [...], [...], that is, things are cured by their contraries; that is, by coolers, and moistners, and this is the first Canon. The second is taken from the morbifical putrid mat­ter, which requires an ablation, or removing. The third from the nature and site of the affected part, as if the braine be affected, it requires other re­medies [Page 47] than the Lungs, and this other than the Stomack, Liver, Spleen, Guts, Reines, Bladder, or Wombe, from the Symptomes, if they be great with im­minent danger of life, as if a Syncope be accidental to a Feaver, we must op­pose that, omitting for a while the cure of the Feaver; but if they bee small, we must respect both, so that we principally attend the Disease. The feaverish beat both of continual and intermitting Feavers arising from a pu­trid filth, cannot safely and wholly be extinguisht, before the putrefaction be repressed, and the impurity taken a­way, for the method of curing re­quires this, that first wee remove the cause, then the effect, unlesse something more urgent forbid it; the impure Hu­mour then is first to bee purged forth, and then if any extraneous heat be left, either in the Humours, or parts, it is to be extinguished, and by prepara­tives, and things opening obstructi­ons to be removed; but against this Doctrine it is objected, That things cooling doe per se encrease obstructions, incrassate the matter, and hinder its eva­cuation, and the stipation being increased, [Page 48] and the fuliginous vapours included, the putrefaction is doubled. On the other side, aperient, detergent, and purging Medicines are all almost hot, and there­fore per se are bad, and intend the Fea­ver; In this difficult case we must use the temperate Rootes, such as are the sharp Dock, Grasse roots, Butchers Broom, and Asparagus, which o­pen obstructions without any manifest heat, and doe not increase the feave­rish distemper, and so the worst is pre­vented, If the body bee strong this method is strictly to be observed, that is, to remove the efficient cause, and thorowly to open the obstructions with the aforesaid aperitive meanes, and then the putrid humour is to bee purged, although the Feaver be a lit­tle exasperated by the Medicine that does it; but when by the fire of the Feaver the strength is much resolved, then we are to use cooling Medicines both inwardly and outwardly as Ju­leps, Epithems, &c. which with all possible speed may extinguish the heat, omitting a while the cause, for it is not safe to increase the Feaver by such things as cut off the cause, lest life de­part [Page 49] with the Disease, but it is better in my judgement to extinguish the burning Feaver, though you some­what transgresse against the cause, but in curing of putrid Feavers, the first place is due to the cause, that part of the matter be emptied, then to imitate Nature by preparing it, which when by her assistance it shall appear to bee coct, then it possible to eradicate it, that the Feaver be not diuturnal; the emptying of the matter may be either by bleeding, or purging at the very be­ginning if nothing hinder.

Bleeding in all putrid Feavers, Of Blee­ding. espe­cially the continual, is not to bee neg­lected, saith Galen, in the eleventh of his Method of curing, having premi­sed a cooling Glister, or Suppository, if the Patient were bound; nor in inter­mitting Feavers when there is a pleni­tude, or pulsative paine in the head, or tossing of the body with a suffoca­ting heat, lest it degenerate into a con­tinual Feaver, or the putrefaction spread wider, and it is to bee done on the intermitting day, or at the time of remission in a continual Feaver, pro­vided age and strength allow it; if the [Page 50] Feaver be very vehement and urgent, to let bloud in that violence is to kill the Patient, saith Celsus; and if the body be weak, let bloud a little at a time, so the strength will not bee im­paired, because part of the burthen with which Nature was opprest being taken off, she doth the more easily bear the rest, and with lesse force tame and subdue it, saith Galen; and we ought not so much to estimate the years as the strength of the diseased.

A late Writer hath published, that Bleeding ought to be celebrated in all Dis­eases, which I cannot allow, though I admit it in most, but more sparingly when the Feaver is from a cold hu­mour, lest by its refrigeration the cru­dity be doubled, and doe not easily admit of concoction, if the Disease will suffer it, the best time for bleeding is the Spring, if not, it may be ad­ministred at any time of the year, if strength permit, especially if there be a plenitude, suppression of the Cour­ses, or Hemorrhoids.

If the Sick be bound in body, before you let bloud, give a Suppository, or Glister, or eccoprotical Medicine that [Page 51] is gently purging, lest that the putrid matter should be rapt, or forced from the first region of the body into the greater Veines, and so inquinate the bloud, and make it more impure; the same is to be observed before we give a peritive medicines.

Purging is to be used at the begin­ning, Purging▪ if the matter bee turgid, Aphor. 10. Sect. 4. in Diseases very acute; purge the first day, if the matter invite to excretion, for delays in such cases are dangerous, and it must be done by some minorating Medicine, that part of the impurity being taken away, the remainder may the more easily be con­cocted, for according to Hippocrates Aphoris. 22 Sect. 1. we ought to move that which is concoct, and not the crude matter, nor at the beginning un­lesse it be turgid, and for the most part it is not, and afterwards to purge with a stronger Medicine, unless it be done by the benefit of Nature; neither are we always to wait for the concoction of the Humours, especially where the matter is turgid, and with its fluctua­ting motion running from place to place perturbes the whole body, as it [Page 52] happens in the most acute Disea­ses.

If the Feaver be continual it is bet­ter to purge at the time of remission, whethe it be in the morning or eve­ning, than at the time of its exacerba­tion, or upon an odde or decretory day, if strength give leave, otherwise they are first to be refreshed with nou­rishments of good juyce, and those re­ther liquid than solid, because those are of easier distribution, and then wee are to use meanly purgers appropriate to the humour; but if the Feaver bee intermitting, then purge on the day of rest, or upon the fit day, if the fit come not till after Dinner, at which time the humour is moved by Nature to expulsion, the strength having first been repaired by nourishments, for then it is easier, and with less pains driven forth, being in motion, as I have found by experience in curing of Quartans, as oft as I gave Phisick on the fit day; besides, it may be confir­med by reason, for that purging bee instituted according to Art, we must consider the motion of Nature, whe­ther she tends upwards or downwards, [Page 53] and the season of the year, and the in­clination of the Sick, for if it be Win­ter, and the Patient aged, and vomit easily, and his stomach be full of crude clammy flegme, He ought to have a Vomit, saith Polybius, in his Book of good Diet, which is falsely ascribed to Hippocrates the Great; for the Six Winter moneths purge by the upper parts: on the other side, If hee vomit not easily he is not to be forced, saith Ga­len, and after him Aetius, but is to bee Purged downwards, by some Medicine ac­comodate to the morbifical humour, at first purging those purgers which have an astriction with them ought not to bee used as Myrobalans; juyce of Roses, and the Sirrups compounded of them, especi­ally if there be obstructions which usually accompany putrid Feavers; and in pur­ging of the humours we must be care­ful to use such preparation, that the passage be made open, Hippo. Apho­ris. 9. Sect. 2. [...], &c. that is, when we would purge a Body, we must make it fluxil, that the humour to bee emptied may yeeld, and be obedient to the traction of the medicament, for if the passages be obstructed, and pu­trefaction [Page 54] caused for want of ventilati­on, then before we purge wee are to use incisive Medicines for the crasse humours, detergent for the clammy, and so to clear the obstructions; and sometimes we are to appease and allay some heady humour (which ought not to have been purged) that by its furi­ousness and fervor, it rush not on some principal part, or by its acrimony ex­ulcerate where it passes.

The manner then of preparation, is to be proportioned to the humour, for the mitigation of the Disease; as for example, in acute Feavers we use Sir­rups and Apozems, which are made of such things as are attenuating and coo­ling, or which are detersive, and not very hot, as you may see in the se­cond part of my Enchiridion, but in diuturnal slow Feavers, which flegme or melancholly ingenders, stronger and hotter means are required; and those fierce humours which bleeding will not temper, nor purging carry a­way, we must bridle, and obtund with refrigerating Medicines, not of thin substance lest they be more exagi­tated, nor of crasse because they hinder [Page 55] evacuation, but of a middle nature, which have a little austerity, or acid­ness, or both joyned with them, such as are your Omphacium, juyce of Sor­rel, Pomgranate, or Citron, by which the acrimony and putrefaction of cho­ler may be retunded, and the heat kind­led in the humours, be impeded from spreading any further. If besides the putrefaction there shall be any suspici­on of venenosity, we must mixe with the former such things as by a similitude of substance doe represse it, whe­ther inwardly or outwardly applied, which shall be described in our Tract of malignant and pestilent Feavers; deter­gent and attenuating Medicines are to be fitted both for preparation of hot and cold Humours, because both Hu­mours by their clamminess, or crasse­ness may obstruct, as is manifest in vi­tellinous choler; if a detersive, and attenuatory faculty bee joyned with a cold quality, as in Succory, it is the more efficacious, and of more frequent use than that joyned with a hot qua­lity, as in Worm-wood, Hyssope, O­riganum, and that is to be used in hot Diseases, these in cold with mulse, and [Page 56] not with plaine water, especially when the heat is sluggish, and the means not easily inflamed; but on the other side, with cooling Medicines we at once re­sist both the fervor of choler, and heat of the Feaver, and prepare the vitious humour which doth foment it before we purge, by a diverse quality▪ as more at large in the Second part of our Enchiridion. There are some that stoutly maintaine the opinon of Avi­cen, That thin cholerick humours ought to be incrassated before they be purged; which opinion seems to contradict Hippocrates and Galen, and may thus be reconciled. If sincere, or excremen­titious choler be thin, it is not to bee in­crassated before purging, but present­ly to be cast forth, for so it easily yeelds to the attraction of the Medicine, and thus the opinion of the Greeks is true; but if the same choler be crasse and te­nacious, as the vitellinous is, then it is to be attenuated and deterged, as Avi­cen would have it, otherwise it cannot be driven forth, but by force and da­mage to the Patient; but if it be mixt with bloud, then wee are to expect concoction from the benefit of Nature, [Page 57] but the Fautorers of Avicen object a­gainst the opinion of the Greeks, That unlesse the thin humours be incrassated, they will be fixt in our members, pene­trating into the most retired parts of our bodies; to which objection some answer, If the choler be infixt it will grow thick, and cause obstructions, and then extenuating and detergent, and not incrassating Medicines are necessa­ry, or by attenuating remedies Na­ture is helped to excerne the noxious humour by urine or sweat; neither doth the strength of this Argument reach to preparation before purging; shall that which is crasse then be atte­nuated, and that which is tenuous in­crassated? Galens opinion is, that That which may return to its natural state be altered, as by incrassating the thin (viz. in Diseases of the Breast) and attenuating the crasse, but not so in pre­paration, or alteration before purging; and by this distinction the Greeks and Avicen may bee made friends. O­thers give other Reasons against Avi­cen thus, The first Natural action is Attraction, to which thin Humours are most obedient, and most readily [Page 58] follow the medicament; the second is a kind of violent expulsion, by which also thin Humours are most easily dri­ven forth, therefore they are not to be incrassated.

There are three sorts of purging Medicines, some purge by Traction, such as Hippocrates, and the ancient Greeks used, as Euphorbium, Lathiris, Elaterium, Scammonium, Colocyn­this, Helleborus, &c. which wee use not now, unless in great Diseases, or in small quantity mixt with other things, and corrected, and on rustick bodies, whom gentler Medicines will little or nothing move, and not in continual Feavers sprung from a hot cause.

Others purge by smoothing, or sup­pling, as Manna Cal. Cassia Egypt, Sena, Polypody, Sirrup of Violets, &c.

Others purge with astriction, as Rhubarb, all the Myrobalans, juyce and Sirrup of Roses, which we use when the parts are to be strengthened, and there is no obstruction which they may prejudice; he that is to take a Purge in them morne, let him not take Sirrop of Poppies over night, or dis­solve [Page 59] Treacle, or new Mithridate in it, because the cold quality they have from Opium doth hinder purging, ac­cording to the experience and autho­rity of Galen in his twelfth Book, De Theria. to Piso. In the state of the Dis­ease abstaine from purging, that Na­ture be not called from her work, but commit the whole business to her, be­cause then all Symptomes are most violent, otherwise you add evil to evil, especially if a Crisis be near, Hip­poc. Aphor. 29. Sect, 2. [...], &c. at the height is is best to be quiet; and in the next Aphoris. [...], &c. at the state of Diseases all things are most vehement, and therefore abstaine from medicaments, or any way to move or irritate Nature, &c. Aphor. 20. Sect. 1. If the Crisis be perfect all is safe, and no more is to be done, but if there be any thing left, it is to be re­moved by Medicine for fear of a re­lapse, Aphor. 12. Sect. 2. that of Dis­eases which is left within after Judge­ment, does usually cause a return of the Disease; upon a critical day if there appear no signes of coction, but of crudity, though there be an excre­tion [Page 60] even in the state of the Disease, it is not to be trusted to, neither ought we to fear those evil accidents which happen not according to reason, but the noxious humour is to be empti­ed that the Disease returne not, Apho­ris. 27. Sect. 2. if any light thing hap­pen besides reason in acute Diseases, we are not to trust to it, nor to be diffi­dent if a greater business happen not according to reason, for such things are very uncertaine, and of no long continuance, the whole matter of a Disease then cannot be rooted out, un­less concoct and after the state, when those preter-rational Symptomes are abated, and Nature is assisting to us; on the contrary, if there appear signes of a vasal plenitude, or of crudity, we must abstaine from purging, and nei­ther provoke sweat, nor urine, lest the vitious humours, so moved, be carried into the greater Veines, and exaspe­rate the Feaver, and make it more contumacious; by what remedies u­rine and sweat are to be moved, I have taught in my Enchiridion, in the first, second, and third Chapters of the Se­cond part. These are the chief and ge­neral [Page 61] Canons to be observed in curing of Feavers, whether continual or in­termitting; other rules wee shall set downe in their proper place, now for their cure in special.

CHAP. VIII.
Of a Diary Feaver.

THis Feaver Hippocrates calls [...] that is, flatuous, Of the name. and the other Greeks [...], because it continues but a day, rather than from a Fish Aristotle makes mention of in his Fifth Book of Animals, about the end of the nineteenth Chapter, but the Latines call it a Diary, which some­times is extended to more daies, when the spirits inflamed are crasse, which if not resolved it degenerates sometimes into a putrid Feaver, sometimes into a Hectick [...] or malignant Feaver, saith Galen.

The causes of this Feaver are either external, Of the ex­ternal cau­ses. or internal; the external are taken from the Six Non-natural things, as from the Air too hot and dry [Page 62] in the Summer, or the heat of the Country, or the hot and dry tempe­rament of the Patient, as the Picro­cholous or cholerick natures, whose spirits are easily inflamed, from whence is an Ephemera; sometimes by the cold air, or use of aluminous Bathes, the skin is condensed, so that the fuliginous exhalations which should be excerned through the skin are repressed, and so the spirits are ea­sily inflamed; sometimes it is from drinking of Wine, Drunkenness, long Sleepes, or continual Watchings, o­ver-much labour, hard riding, idle­ness, or want of exercise, from the motions of body or mind, as from Anger, Fury, Hunger and thirst, Sup­pression of some hot humour, as of the Courses, or Hemorrhoids, from the contract of some Feaverish body, from an actual or potential cautery applied to a cholerick or plethorick body, from hot meats, acrid Medicaments, salt things, and the like.

The internal causes are obstructions, Of the in­ternal causes. whether caused from without, or with­in; from an external cause, as from the thickeness of the skin, from within, [Page 63] as when a sharp distillation from the braine falls upon the heart through the Arterial veines, which inflames the vi­tal spirit, whence is a Diary Feaver. Sometimes other viscera are obstructed, as the Messentery, Liver, Spleen, Reins, Bladder, Wombe, and when these are obstructed first of all, the Natural spi­rits not being ventilated grow hot, and by their power alter the spirits of the heart, and increasing their heat beyond the bounds of Nature cause a Feaver.

Another internal cause is the in­flammation or swelling of the Glan­dules, which makes a Diary, Hippocra­tes Aphoris. 55. Sect. 4. [...], &c. that is, all Feavers from swellings are bad, except the Diary, and he saith the same, Epid. 2. Sect. 3.

The Signes are taken from the effi­cient causes, Of the Singes. whether they be origina­ted from things external, or internal; if it proceed from an external cause, you may know from the relation of the sick; if from the internal causes, by the heat, pulse, and urine, Hippo. 6. Epid. Com. 1. text 29. and Galen in the first to Glanc. chap. 2. and 9. and 10 ^th. Me­thod of Curing, chap. 4. for if it be ex­quisite the heat is milde, and gentle to [Page 64] the touch, which ends with a madid­ness or sweat; the pulse is swift and frequent, but equal and temperate (in case it be not joyned with a putrid or Hectick Feaver) except in that which proceeds from anger, sadness, hunger, crudity, thickness of the skin caused by cold, for then the diastole is grea­ter, and swifter than the systole, the substance, colour, and sediment of the urine differ little from that which is Natural, Galen to Glan. And its fits are very easie, if it arise from the inflam­mation of some Bubo, or from the sup­pression of some humour, the urine shall be higher, and thicker, with a little sediment, and that crasse and crude; it invades with rigour, and easily degenerates into an unputrid Sy­nochus, if the Sick bee plethorical; or into a Synechis, if he be Cacochymous, or into an Hectick, if it be neglected, or ill cured.

Such are most subject to it, Who are subject to it. as are picrocholous and of a hot and dry temperament, and in the Summer time; if it be exquisite, it is cured by the benefit of Nature alone, and for the most part its fit is twenty four [Page 65] hours, but sometimes lasts till the third day, when the vital spirits are most crasse, if it be prorogued longer it is not exquisite, but is either an un­putrid Synochus, or joyned with a putrid Feaver, into which it easily de­generates.

The rule for Cure is not taken from the matter, The Cure because there is none, but from the essence of the Feaver, which consists in the preter-natural heat, w ^ch ought to be remedied by coolers, and moystners, for the faults of the spirits cannot be taken away by purging or bleeding, because here is neither ca­cochimy nor plenitude; Hippocrates in the Fourth part of his Book of Dyet in acute Diseases, and Galen in his Book of Procatarctical Causes, cured Menander sick of a Diary caused by heat, with Paregorical, and Diapho­retical Medicines, as Baths, Frictions, and Oyntments.

We use Baths when wee intend to relax the skin, The profit of Baths. call forth tenuous full­ginous vapours, and change the habit of the body, but in the declination of the Feaver, with gentle friction, that we may cause sweats, and the fumid [Page 66] excrements may be discussed, and then especially when there is no crudity in the chief Vessels, nor inveterate ob­struction of the viscera, nor hardness or weakness, lest that the crudity bee carried into all parts of the body; if none of these things be, then the Sick may safely wash, otherwise not, least that the obstruction and weaknesse of the viscera bee increased, and the tu­mor, if there be any.

It is good against the thickness and obstruction of the skin, from cold or astringent causes; if a Diary have its rise from driness and heat, let the Bath be luke-warme, and not hot, having first emptied the belly if it were costive with a Suppository, or cooling and moystning Glister, least it degenerate into a Hectick, or Synochus. If from the thickness of the skin by reason of too great cold, or by use of aluminous Baths, Diaphoretical, and Paregorical Medicines must be boyled in the wa­ter, for those take away obstructions, and provoke sweats, being of a hot and tenuous substance, and cause the cooleness of the water to penetrate the deeper, but these being temperate or [Page 67] hot in the first degree, and of thin sub­stance, as the Roots of Marsh Mallows, Fenugreek, Flowers of Camomel, Melilot, and Elder, by these means the closeness of the skin is to bee made open, least perspiration being hindred, the Humours bee inflamed together with the Spirits, and so a putrid Feaver ensue to the great damage of the dis­eased.

The ancients used Bathing more for delight than health, which custome is now out of use.

We in France use Baths of plaine water, or with a decoctron of Plants, not for pleasure, but for the cure of an Ephemera, because they moysten, contemperate the feaverish heat, and empty acrid vapours. To wipe off the sweat is good, with gentle frictions with warme Oyle, because it opens the pores of the skin, and calls forth the spirits from the center to the circumfe­rence, but too vehement doth stop them up.

Oyntment and Frictions are not good for such Diaries as proceed from tumours inflamed, or from labour, because there is no need of evacuati­on; [Page 68] Frictions are good in those from obstruction and repletion, but not in those from inanition, though Galen did use gentle frictions in all Epheme­raes before the Bath or Oyntment, that the discutient water or oyle might pierce the deeper; and the same Galen in other procatarctical causes uses con­trary remedies, as for labour he com­mands rest, for watchings sleep, for anger calmness, for sadness joy, and for venery chastness; these have no need of Frictions, only anoynt them with Oyle of Violets, and smooth over the body in the remission, and before meats▪

If it be from Drunkenness, command a Vomit, if from cold, use Diaphore­ticks; if from obstruction of the viscera, incisive and aperient Medicines; if from a Catharre, purge next day; if from an Ulcer or Bubo, wee must at­tend the cure of Ulcers and Tumours, and so of the rest.

The Diet is to be ordered according to the variety of the cause, if hot wea­ther be the cause of the Diary, and the Patient be young, and his viscera good without obstruction, plethory, or ca­cochymy, [Page 69] of soluble body, and cho­lerick constitution, at the declination of the Feaver, he may be cured with plentiful drinking of cold water, if o­therwise the Cure is to be altered; you must not nourish him in the augment or vigour of the Fit, but in the end, or out of it, Hippo. Aphor. the 11. Sect. 1. [...], &c. If you weigh the cause of the Disease, the strength of the sick, the age and sex, you must nourish him with meats of good juyce, altered with cooling Herbs, which nourish speedily, oppose the feaverish heat, but stick not in the pores of the skin, for the whole body ought to bee fluxil and transpirable, Hippoc. at the beginning of the sixth Book of his Epi­dem. Sect. 6. and for this the chief thing is the juyce, or cremor of Barley.

If it proceed from anger, watchings, labour, immoderate venery, hunger, sadness, then we must nourish the sick with flesh brothes, &c. if from crudity, gluttony, or from suppressi­on of some Natural excrement, con­stipation of the skin, ulcer, tumor, or great paine, then let the diet bee thin­ner; and if with the Feaver there be a [Page 70] plethory, or cacochymy, that must be taken off by bleeding, this by purging, not for any urgency of the present Fea­ver, but for fear of a putrid; in brief, in all Diaries, whatsoever is the cause, the nourishment must be Medicamen­tal, and if the body be bound it must be thus loosened.

Take of boyled Hony an ounce, Mouse turd, powder of Hiera, and salt gem, each two scruples, and make a Suppository; or else make this Glister.

Take of Mallows, Violet leaves, Bo­rage Lettice, each one handfull, Prunes twelve, of the four greater cold Seeds each two drams, water-Lilly-flowers, and Roses, each a small handful, boyl them in water to a pint, streine it, and dissolve in it Cassia, with Suger, and the Simple Diaprunes each six drams, or as much of Galens Hiera and Diaphaenicum, if the Patient be a Sea-man, Porter, Carter, &c. and the Diary proceed from cold, with hony of Violets, Roses, or Mercury, and oyle of Water-Lillies, each an ounce and half, and give the Glister; after this, if the sick be plethorick, or [Page 71] full of bloud and young, or the Hae­morrhoids or Courses bee suppressed, draw six or eight ounces from the right axillary veine, as strength shall allow; but if the Patient refuse a Gli­ster, then in the declination of the Fea­ver give this following potion.

Take of Melon-seeds pilled one dram, of Tamarinds two drams, Cassia nexly drawn one ounce and a half, in­fuse them in the common purging de­coction all night over warme embers, streine it, and dissolve with it Sirup of Violets or Roses of nine infusions one ounce, and give this potion betime in the morne.

Or instead of this you may give an ounce and a halfe of Manna of Cala­bria, dissolved in a little fresh broth.

It the Diary flow from the thickness of the skin, or the use of Alume-baths, then this following Bath made of Pa­regorical, and Diaphoretical things will be good.

Take of Mallows, Violets, Sapo­narie, Succory, wilde Endive and Let­tice, each six handfuls; new Roses if it be spring, or dried, if summer, four handfuls of Wormwood, and Centau­ry [Page 72] the greater, each two handfuls, Marsh-mallow roots sliced, or bruised a pound, of Fenugreek-seed, and Salt­nitre, each two ounces, boyle them in a hundred pints of water for a Bath, into which let the sick enter at the de­clination of his Feaver, and drying his body let him goe to bed, and there sweat an hour or two after.

CHAP. IX.
Of an unputrid Synochus.

AN unputrid Synochus hath no small Analogy with an Epheme­ra, for both are without putrefaction, and have but one Fit until their end; but they differ thus, an Ephemera is essentiated in a preternatural heat in­flaming the vital spirits, and an unpu­trid Synochus in the bloud preternatu­rally calified in the heart without pu­trefaction; is is differenced from a Hectick, because this it in the solid parts, from a putrid Feaver by its pu­trefaction.

[Page 73] The heat of a Synochus if compared with that of an Ephemera is acrid, if with that of the putrid, gentle, because the bloud is of a temperate nature; the conclusion then may be, What a Synochus is. that a Syno­chus is a continual Feaver, procee­ding from redundancy of bloud, heated beyond measure by a preternatural heat, but without putrefaction hurting our actions.

The causes are not unlike those of an Ephemera▪ but more vehement; the principal are the denseness of the skin, or filth obstructing the pores, and incarcerating fuliginous excrements, &c. which prohibiting the eventilati­on of the bloud, doe so inflame it, or the suppression of some evacuation, as of the Courses, Haemorrhoids, or from excesse and fury; thus the vital spirits are first inflamed by reason of their tenuity, then the bloud, which inflam­mation the Greeks call a Phlogosis; but under the name of bloud you are to understand the four Humours con­tained in the greater Veines, which as often as they are inflamed without pu­trefaction they cause this Synochus, full bodies that fare well, and live idely, [Page 74] are most subject to it, &c.

This Feaver for the most part lasts till the seventh day begins with a cold­ness, The Signes and ends with sweat, with a red urine, the pulse strong and swift, there is no danger in it unless some errour bee committed, and then it degenerates in­to a putrid Synechis, whence follows death, unless prevented by large blee­ding; the whole body; but especially the face is dyed with bloud, weariness possesses the limbes, the veines are tur­gid, the temples beat, the head akes, and often a deep sleep surprises, with difficulty of breathing; the skin is soft, perfused with moysture, and a gentle heat.

The cure is taken from the essence of the Feaver, The Cure. and cause of the Dis­ease; the essence being hot and dry in­dicates contrary remedies, and the cause, its removal; First then, let the diet be thin, cooling, and moystning Hippoc. Aphoris. 16. Sect. 1. [...] a moyst dyet is good for al feaverish bodies, especially for Chil­dren, and those accustomed to such dyet, as Cock broth, or of Lambe, or Veal, alterd with cooling Herbs, and [Page 75] Barley waters, &c. or some acid sir­rups, as of Limons, Citrons, Pomegra­nats, &c. Galen reckons amongst the chief remedies of this Disease bleeding till we faint if the body be open, other­wise to premise this Glister.

Take of the leaves of Violets, Bur­rage, Lettice, Purslaine, each a hand­ful, Prunes sixteen, of the four grea­ter cold Seeds each two drams, boyl them in water to ten ounces, the dis­solue of simple Diaprunum and Sugar each six drams, Hony of Violets, and Oyle of Water-Lillies each an ounce and half, and make a Glister, it cools, moystens, purges, and prevents a pu­trid Feaver, then let bloud, for the Veines being emptied that attract much cold art (to avoyd a vacuum) into the roome of the bloud, by which the rest of the bloud is cooled, and re­duced to its ancient state, the fire ex­tinguished, and the putrefaction inhi­bited, because both the Natural and preternatural heat are seated in the bloud and spirits: then use this Apo­zeme.

Take the Roots of Sorrel, Grasse, Butchers Broom, & Asparagus, each an [Page 76] ounce (these rootes resist putrefaction, and by their tenuity of parts open obstructions without any manifest heat) of both Succories, Lettice, Bur­rage, Purslane, or Liverwort, each a handful, Prunes sixteen, Endive seeds half an ounce, of the four greater cold Seeds each two drams, of Violet, and Water-Lilly-flowers each a small handful, boyl them in three pintes of Water to a pinte and half, streine it, and adde of the compound sirrup of Endive, or of Oxysaccharum simple four ounces, and Aromatize it with white Sanders for four or five days.

After the seventh day you may give this Purge; A Chola­goge. Cinnamon a scruple, Rhubarb four scruples, Try pherae, Persicae three drams, Cassia newly drawn an ounce, infuse them one night in part of the Apozem over warme embers, then streine it, and adde of sirrup of Violets of nine infusions an ounce and half.

CHAP. X.
Of a continual putrid Feaver.

A Synechis, Feavers from Hu­mours equally putrefied. or a continual putrid Feaver is two-fold, the one where the Humours are equally putrefied in the great Veines, the other when in­equally; from those equally putrefied arise three sorts of Feavers, as did in a Synochus unputrid, viz. the Homo­tonous, Epacmastical, and Paracma­stical, and these have no manifest in­termissions, as intdrmitting Feavers, nor remissions, and exacerbations, as those which proceed from the Hu­mours unequally putrefied in the great Veines.

When the Natural Humours doe unequally putrefie in the great Veines, it is either natural flegme (which is nothing else but the cruder part of the bloud) which as often as it putrefies it causeth a continual Feaver, which is every day at set hours intended and remitted, from whence it hath its name of a continual quotidian.

If natural choller putrefie in the [Page 78] Veines near to the heart, it causeth a [...], or Burning-feaver; if in places more distant, either upward or downward, a continual tertian is produ­ced, which every third day is intended and remitted, but intermits not, be­cause the putrid matter is contained within the great Veines, and not out of them.

Lastly, if a melancholly humour putrefie there, every fourth day it hath its remissions and exacerbati­ons.

The external causes are like those of an unputrid Synochus, The Cau­ses. but stronger; the internal are obstructions, either in the greater Veines, or in the skin, or in the small Veines of the Liver, or habit of the body, which hindring per­spiration the Native heat is extin­guisht, and hence putrefaction, the pa­rent of this Feaver.

The sig [...]es are taken from the mordent heat, The Signes urine, and pulse; the urine is crasse, red, turbid, faetid, and without sediment, the pulse not only great, vehement, and quick, but un­equal and inordinate.

A Crisis does usually happen in all [Page 79] Diseases one of these six wayes, viz. How ma­ny wayes a Crisis may be. by bleeding at the Nose, or by Vomiting, or by looseness, or by sweats, or by u­rine, or by parotides in malignant and pestilential Feavers; if by chance Na­ture attempt a Crisis on the sixth day, although signes of coction ap­peared in the urine on the fourth, yet it is dubious, and fore-tells a relapse; but if with signes of coction the Crisis be with fainting, or any other grievous Symptomes it portends death; or if a looseness seize at the beginnig, and the Feaver continue in the same state with signes of crudity, it presages death, because Nature is overwhel­med with the plenty of matter; on the other side, if the Feaver be abated by the looseness, the sick well enduring it, and breathing freely, hee shall e­scape; if spots appear the fourth, day, either black or livid, death is at hand, for they denote some malignant quality, which had they been red only, and the Patient strong with signes of coction, there were good hopes; this Feaver is most gentle in the morne.

The Cure consists in evacuation, The Cure. and alteration; evacuation is to be made [Page 80] by bleeding, and that at the beginning for feare of suffocation or swounings, but if the Patient sweat, or have the Haemorrhoids, or a Haemorrage, or the Courses appearing, then the whole business is to be committed to Nature, but if they flow but sparingly, and the Feaver be not mitigated bleed not­withstanding; the second part of the Cure consists in alteration of the Hu­mours, by cooling and opening with­out any manifest heat, and restraining putrefaction, as with the fore-mentio­ned apozem; besides, use this cordial powder.

Take of red Corral, The cordi­al powder. and the frag­ments of the five precious Stones fine­ly powdered each a scruple, the bone of the heart of an Hart, or of an Oxe, (for they are both of the same vertue) half a dram, of Pearl a dram, sugar of Roses a sufficient quantity, and four leaves of Gold, let it be dissolved in broth or ptissan, or in the decoction of Sorrel roots.

Take of the powder of Balm and Saffron each a scruple, An Epi­them for the heart. Water-Lilly-flowers, red Roses, and Grana Tincto­rum, each two scruples, powder of [Page 81] Diamargaritum frigidum four scru­ples, red Wine two ounces, Scabious, Bugloss, and Purslane-water each five ounces, apply it to the region of the heart, with a thick red cloth.

Take of the Conserve of Burrage and Marigold flowers each an ounce, A Plaister▪ confection of Alchermes a dram, spread them on a searlet cloth, and apply it after the Epithem.

Take of the Cerot of Saunders, A Lini­ment for the Liver. and oyntment of Roses by measure each an ounce, oyl of Roses an ounce, then wash them often with Rose-water, adding half a scruple of Camphore, bath the part with a Linnen cloth, let it be cold in Summer, luke-warme in Winter, with three ounces of the white oynt­ment of Galen, and half a scruple of Camphore, anoynt the reines and loynes once an hour.

CHAP. XI.
Of a Burning-Feaver, and con­tinual Tertian,

THese Feavers differ not in matter nor cure, Feavers from hu­mours un­equally putrefied. but in their name and seat; both are caused by a cholerick bloud, putrefied in the great Veines, the Viscera being well; that in the Veines nearer to the heart, as in the ascending trunk of the Vena cava, and in the arterial Veine, and coronal of the heart; this likewise in the great Veines, but more distant from the arme-pits to the groine. A Burning-feaver is so called [...] by way of eminency, because it is so great a fire in the heart.

This Burning-feaver, The divisi­on of these Feavers. as also a con­tinual Tertian is two-fold, exquisite, and not exquisite; the exquisite is from cholerick bloud putrefied as a­fore, the non-exquisite is, when besides choller, salt flegm, or ichors are putre­fied with it, and this causus happens two wayes, the one when the Veines dried by the heat of Summer doe at­tract [Page 83] to themselves cholerick ichors which are acrid, as we being destitute of good food, make use of worse; the other way is, when ichors and other humours are cast from some strong part upon a weaker, and not ventilated, doe putrefie; thus likewise a continual tertian is two-fold, the exquisite from cholerick bloud, the non-exquisite from the admission of flegme, melan­cholly, or ichors.

The external causes are the hot air, The exter­nal Causes. inspiration of putrid vapours, a cho­lerick distemper, drunkenness, sad­ness, by calling the heat from the cir­cumference to the center, &c.

The internal are either antecedent, Causes in­ternal. as obstructions from crasse and viscid humours which hinder perspiration, by which means even good humors putre­fie; or a plenitude, either quoad vasa, which distends the Vessels, or ad vires, which cannot bee concocted and go­verned by nature. Or continent, as the putrid humour it self, which inqui­nates the pure bloud of the heart, not the whole mass at once, but that which is next it, and so by order of succes­sion.

[Page 84] The cause of a not exquisite conti­nual tertian is the mixture of salt flegme, The causes of a not ex­quisite continual Tertian. or ichors, putrefying in the Veines of the Midriffe, which proceed from the ascending Trunk of the Vena cava, or from the veines of the mouth of the stomach which flow from the Splenical trunk of the Porta, and make the stomachical coronary, or else it flowes from the hungry Gut, or the simous part of the Liver; the signes of both legitimate, and illegitimate, are almost alike.

The pathognomonical are taken from the burning heat which choller produces, Signs Pa­thogno­monical of a causus. and the unspeakable thirst, the acrimony of the humour continu­ally molesting the heart and stomach, unless by chance a thin humor fall from the braine, and moysten the tongue.

Signes assident or concurring are the driness, Signes assident. blacknness, and roughness of the tongue from the adustion of the humour paine of the stomach, Dreams, delirations, difficult breathing, the Lungs or Midriffe being inflamed, &c. sometimes it begins with a gentle ri­gour, sometimes with Vomiting, sometimes with sleepiness if it be exqui­site, [Page 85] sometimes with horrour, if it bee spurious by reason of the mixture of choller and flegme, at the beginning the urine is crasse and turbid, the pul [...]e small and unequal.

The signes of an exquisite tertian have great analogy with those of an exquisite causus, Signes of exquisite Tertian. only they are more milde; the not exquisite are distinguisht by rigour, not by reason of the Feaver, but the expulsive faculty of the grea­ter Veines, which empty themselves into the less, and these into the habit and sensible parts; this Feaver because its morbifical matter, is more distant from the heart, then that of a Causus, doth not with equal force and assiduity afflict it, but hath its exacerbations and remissions every other day.

If the parts about the heart be disten­ded without paine, Progno­sticks they signifie an inflammation; if with paine at the beginning, death. If the signes bee grievous, it kills the fourth or se­venth day; if good, security is pro­mised the same dayes; if a rigour happen on the critical day, the Pa­tient being weak it is death, but if strong, the Disease shall end with sweat.

CHAP. XII.
Of the Cure of these Feavers.

LEt it be temperate, The Aire. or if too hot, be cooled with irrigations on the floore, and spreading coole Herbs, as Lettice, Vine leaves, Willow, Oke, Rushes, &c. with green flowers of Water-Lillies, Roses, Violets, let vinegar of Roses dilute with Rose-water, suckt up by a Spunge be often [...]eld to the Nose; let the Linnen con­trary to the vulgar opinion bee often changed, lest its filth foment the Fea­ver.

Let his drink be boyled water, His Drink. with sirrup of Vinegar, or ptissan, or water and sugar, with a little juyce of Pome­granats, Citron, or Lemons; if you fear a Delirium, use the Alexandrine Julep, or sirrup of Violets, and Wa­ter-Lillies.

If the Feaver bee spurious, and the Patient aged and weak in a cold air, a little Wine dilute, with boyled water and sugar, with a toast may be allow­ed; let his food be liquid, cooling, and [Page 87] moystning, as Chicken, Veale, or Lambe broth altered with Purslane, Lettice, Sorrel, Burrage, Bugloss, Violets, Marigolds, with the greater cold Seeds, and white Poppy-seed, or Barley-water, acid Fruites, as Bar­beries, Strawberies, Rasberies resist putrefaction; if he be much enfeebled, Gellies, and Analepticks must bee u­sed.

Let bloud as soon as you can, Bleed. but if hee bee bound in body give this Gli­ster first.

Take of Violet leaves, A cooling Glister. Mallows, Lettice, Gourds, Burrage, each a handful, Prunes sixteen, of the four great cold Seeds each two drams, red Poppy-flowers, or Water-Lilly, and Roses, each a small handful, boyle them in Whey or Water to a pint, streine it, and dissolve of Diaprune simple, and Cassia newly drawn (if it be exquisite, if not of Diaphenicum, each six drams, honey of Violets, and oyl of Water-Lillies, each an ounce and half, or so much of oyle of Cam­momel if it be not exquisite, and make a Glister.

Take of Melon-seeds one scruple, A Bole. [Page 88] Rhubarb grosle powdered, if you would purge choler by stoole, or fine powdered if by urine, four scruples, Cassia newly drawn six drams, let him take it with Sugar, and an hour and half after take fresh broth.

As often as Cassia, A Rule to be obser­ved. or any other purging Medicine is infused, the Dose is to be doubled, and where you feare obstructions, never purge with those things that have an astriction, as My­robalans, Roses, and the sirrups made of them; but instead of them use Man­na, Cassia, or sirrup of Violets of nine infusions; next, alter the humour, with Juleps which inhibit putrefa­ction.

As take of sirrup of Endive com­pound three ounces, A Julep. Succory and Purs­ [...]ane water each half a pint, but if they be spurious take of Oxysaccarum com­pound, which hath the opening roots in it, and a little juyce of Pomgra­nates, after signes of coction, purge forth the humour thus.

Take of Cinnamon a scruple, A Purge for Choler Rhu­barb four scruples, Tamarinds two drams, Diaprune solutive six drams, infuse them all night on warm embers [Page 89] in a decoction of the opening rootes, strein it, & adde sirrup of Violets of nine intusions, or of Roses solutive, with Agarick; if the Feaver be illegitimate, an ounce and half, and give the potion▪ in a Spurious causus, take so much Diaphaenicum which purges flegme and choler; but if the Patient have a paine in the stomach, and be nausea­tive, let him take a Vomit so he be not tabid, or narrow chested.

CHAP. XIII.
Of a continual Quotidian Feaver.

[...] and [...] the Juniors call it, Of the Name. because it hath no intermission, and to distin­guish it from [...], which is, an intermitting quotidian.

This Feaver differs from an inter­mitting both in matter and seat where the flegme putrefies, because a conti­nual one proceeds from Natural flegme contained in the great Veines, which is nothing else but crude bloud, which [Page 90] in time may be changed into good bloud, How a continual and inter­mitting differ. being of taste sweet, or insipid, arising from the cold and moyst part of the chyle, and as oft as this bloud is putrefied by a preter-natural heat in those Veines, the other humours in­corrupt is caused a continual quotidian; but an intermitting is caused from ex­crementitious flegme, putrefied by a preter-natural heat out of those great Veines, viz. in the veines of the habit of the body, in the Liver, Spleen, Messentery.

The external causes may be taken from the aire, External causes. cloudy, cold and moyst, from a flegmatick nature, the winter season, drunkenness, ill diet, as entrals of Beasts, &c.

The internal causes are a cold, dis­temper of the stomach, and of the me­seraick veines, which send the chyle incoct to the Liver, old age, cold hu­mours falling from the head to the stomach.

This Feaver begins not with cold­ness, The Signs. as an intermitting, because the matter is putrefied in the great Veines, but with vaunings and stretchings, for the most part it invades at night, the [Page 91] heat is less acrid and mordent than in a continual cholerick Feaver, because the humour is colder, the urine at first is white, crude, and crass, the pulse slow, and rare, being oppressed with a crass vapour raised from the flegme; the sick are sleepy, their Hypochondria stretcht with wind, their stooles white, their sweat none, or very little, and clammy, this Feaver is usually lasting, being from a cold tough humour, often brings to a Cachexy, or Dropsie; if the beginning be long, so will be the incre­ment, and whole progress of the Dis­ease; for the Cure, let him use a good diet, shunning those things which in­gender crasse juyces, then purge the first region of his body with these fol­lowing remedies.

Take of Barley, A Glister. Mercury, Violets, and Mallows, each a handful, Fennel, and Carret-seeds, each three drams, the tops of Dill, and flowers of Cam­momel each half a handful, boyl them in water to a pint, streine it, and dis­solve of Galens Hiera, and Benedicta Laxativa, each six drams, honey of Rosemary, and oyle of Camomel, each an ounce and half, and so give it.

[Page 92] If the Sick bee apt to Vomit, let him take this.

Of the juyce of Radish roots, A Vomite and honied water each two ounces, powder of Asarum a dram, let him drink it warme.

Take of Succory, A Purge for the Flegme. Barley, and all the capillary Plants, each half a handful, Raisins stoned eight, four Prunes, of the Cordial flowers a small handful, boyle them in water to two ounces, then in­fuse the Electuary of Diacarthamum half an ounce, Cassia newly drawn an ounce, Agarick Trochiscate a dram, streine it, and dissolve of sirrup of Ro­ses solutive an ounce, give the potion. Take of Agarick Trochiscate a scru­ple, of imperial Pills a dram, with honey of Roses, make eight Pills to be given after midnight.

The first region of the body being thus clensed, Bleed. open the basilick veine of the right arme, and draw bloud accor­ding to the strength, age, season, regi­on, and impurity of it, because this being a continual Feaver, bleeding is good for this as well as others.

Then give this Julep, A Julep. Oxymel sim­ple, and sirrup of Maiden-hair, each [Page 93] an ounce and half, Fennel, and En­dive water each half a pint, condite it with Cinamon.

Take of Fennel, An Apo­zem. and Parsley roots clensed from the pith, Butchers Broom and Asparagus each an ounce, of Maud­lin, Succory, Endive, the common ca­pillary Plants each one handful, the less Sea Wormwood half a handful, Raisins stoned twenty, Figgs twelve, Endive seed half an ounce, Aniseeds two drams, Bugloss and French La­vender Flowers each a small handful, Rosemary half a handful, Water and Hony two quarts, boyl away half, then clarifie the colature with honey of Roses, and sirrup of the juyce of En­dive each two ounces, and condite it with Cinamon.

The matter being thus coct, Pills▪ give Pills of Agarick, and simple Hiera each two scruples, and Trochiskes of Alhan­dal two graines, if they want a quick­ner make them up with honey of Ro­ses, and gild them; give them after the first sleep; next day give this Bolus three hours before dinner, old Mithri­date two scruples, conserve of Rose­mary flowers two drams with sugar.

CHAP. XIIII.
Of a continual Quartan.

[...], that is, a quar­tan Feaver so called, Of the Name. because eve­ry fourth day it is exasperated, and re­mitted if it be continual; but if inter­mitting, recurs every fourth day; these two differ both in matter and seat, the matter of a continual quartan is Natural melancholly putrefied in the great Veines, the other humours remaining good; but the matter of an intermit­ting, is excrementitious melancholly, putrefied out of the great Veines in the Spleen, or mesentery. A continual quartan is two-fold, exquisite, or spu­rious; exquisite, when Natural melan­cholly putrefies alone; spurious, when other humours putrefie with it in the great vessels, and this is most fre­quent.

The causes are either from a labori­ous life, The Cau­ses. a cold and dry temperament, a declining age, the autumn, or an une­qual air, and meats producing melan­cholly, as Swines flesh, Hares, Salt Fish, Oysters &c.

[Page 95] The chief signes are taken from the substance of the Feaver, The Signs. or nature of its heat, from the actions hurt, which appears by the inequality, swiftness, slowness, or rarity of the pulse from the excrements and urine, this Feaver begins without horrour, because the peccant matter is contained within the great Veines, the urine is various, but for the most part crude, by reason of the coldness of the morbifical humour, little or no sweat, by reason of the paucity of the matter, little thirst, and the tongue inclining to black.

A continual quartan, Progno­sticks. whether ex­quisite or spurious, is deadly in old men, especially if it follow an inter­mitting one, or a burning Feaver ill­cured, a spurious quartan if it take in the Summer is for the most part short, but if in the Autumn it is long; for the Cure, first use meats of good juyce, ra­ther liquid than solid, altered with Burrage, Bugloss. &c.

Vse Currans, Pine Nuts, The Cure. Figgs, Vi­negar, though it be incifive is not good in this Feaver, because by its coldness and driness it conduplicates the humor, but were it in the Spleen it were com­modious.

[Page 96] At the beginning use gentle Purgers, A Rule for pur­ging. because by the strength of strong Me­dicines the humour grows thicker, and the thinner part being dissipated, the terrene faeces remaine indissoluble, but in the declination use stronger; if the body be bound give first this Glister.

Take of Mallows, A Glister. Violets, Orech, Burrage, Bugloss, each a handful, Flax and Fenugreek-seed each half an ounce, of the four great cold seeds, and Fennel-seed, each two drams (for me­lancholly people are windy) of the tops of Dill, Camomel, Melilot, Elder, each a small handful in the colature, dissolve of Catholicum and Diasena, each six drams, honey of Violets, and oyle of Lillies each an ounce and half, give the Glister.

Take of Polipody of the Oke six drams, A purge for Melan­cholly. wilde Saffron seeds and Sena each three drams, Dodder of time two drams, Anni-seeds four scru­ples, Cloves two, boyle them in Whey to three ounces, then infuse of Diasena, or Diacarthamum six drams, streine it, and adde sirrup of Violets of nine infusions, or sirrup of Apples an ounce and half, and give it. The body [Page 97] being thus emptied, let bloud at the left basilick veine, with a large Ori­fice.

If the sick be inclined to Vomit, A Vomit▪ then give him of the powder of the middle rine of a Walnut, or of Broom-seeds, or of the roots of Asarum four scruples, with the decoction of Reddish rootes make a vomit, or Nettle-seed poude­red given in Mulse or Whey will doe the like; some give three or four grains of Stibium prepared, which I allow not but in rustick bodies.

Take of the sirrup of the juyce of Fumitory three ounces, An alte­ring Julep. Endive, and Burrage-water each half a pint.

Take of the roots of Bugloss two ounces, An Apo­zem. sharp Dock-grass, Butchers Broome, Asparagus, and Liquorice, each an ounce, of the middle rine of Tamarisk, and Ash, or Elder, each half an ounce, of Fumitory, Hops, common Endive, Succory, Milt-waist, Balme, each a handful, Prunes four­teen, Cuscute and Purslane-seeds, and the four great cold Seeds each two drams, flowers of Tamarice, Broom, Burrage, Elder, each a handful, boyle them in order in a sufficient quantity of [Page 98] water, then adde the juyce of sweet Apples three ounces, a sufficient quan­tity of Sugar, Aromatize it with a dram and a half of the powder of Ga­lens Laetificans, with part of this de­coction, you may make a magistral sirrup by adding Purgers of melanchol­ly, by which the Morbifical humour may bee purged epicrastically; to strengthen the viscera use this.

Take of the Electuary of Hyacinth, Lozenges. or confection of Alkermes half a dram, powder of Diatriasantali, and Ga­lens Laetificans each a dram, white Suger dissolved, and boyled in Fu­mitory water four ounces, and make it into Lozenges of two drams weight, with the conserve of Succory flowers, and Milt waist each three drams, and give one, three hours before Dinner. If the Spleen require it, use this Oynt­ment.

Take of Gum Elemi, The Oynt­ment for the Spleen and juyce of Tobacco each an ounce, Oyle of St. Johns-wort, or Elder, half an ounce, of Rosen and Gum Amoni­ake dissolved in Vinegar of Capers, and yellow Wax each two drams, on the fire adde powder of long and [Page 99] round Birthwort, and Cyclamen root each a dram, make an oyntment.

CHAP. XV.
Of an intermitting Tertian.

[...] is taken by the Greeks in general for every inter­mitting putrid Feaver, which ends, and returnes again, but Hippocrates especi­ally calls this Feaver of which we now treat, [...], because it re­curs every third day, it differs from the continual, of which we have spoken, not essentially, but in matter, seat, be­cause their matter putrefies not every where, but in the lesser veines which are in the stomach, liver, mesentery, guts, spleen, wombe, and habit of the body; an intermitting Tertian is two­fold, exquisite or spurious, the exqui­site is from excrementitious choller, which being manifold, there are many differences in Tertians.

The matter of an exquisite tertian offends either in quantity or quality; [Page 100] the quantity is either great or small, if great, either it putrefies in one place, or in divers at once; if but in one place, it causes an exquisite tertian, which exceeds not seven Fits; but if the quan­tity be small, it shall end the fourth or fifth fit.

If the matter offend in quality, as the choller is more or less hot, the whole constitution of the Disease and the fits shall bee longer or shorter, milder, or more tedious, for pale or excrementitious choller is sarre more milde then yellow, and this, then vi­tellinous, porracious, or aeruginous, but the ceruleous is the hottest of all.

If choller putrefie in divers places together, Whence a double Tertian. and the same day, then is caused a double intermitting tertian, whose fits returne every third day, and are exacerbated, although they assault every day, and intermit, because that which is putrefied is every fit emptied either by sweat, vomit, or stool. The spurious one by the mixtion of flegm or melancholly, is longer than that from excrementitious choller only, and lasts according to the nature of the humour mixt, and by the Patients [Page 101] intemperance hath lasted from the Autumnal to the spring aequinox.

The causes of the exquisite are all hot and dry, The Cau­ses. as a hot Summer, hot aliments, hunger, thirst, labour, strong wines, hot liver, and temper, &c. The causes of a spurious one are idleness, effeminacy, winter season, cold and moyst diet, obstructions, plenitude, &c.

The heat of an exquisite Tertian is more acrid and mordent than that of the spurious, The Signs through its four times, it begins with rigour, and often with cholerick vomitings, and ends with an universal sweat; when the rigour is off, the heat is like a light fire, burning with difficult breathing, the urine at first is somewhat red, of meane sub­stance, and in the lower part seemes thin, in the upper opacus.

The signes of a spurious one are hor­rour, from the mixture of choller and flegme, a heat more obscure than that of the exquisite Tertian, and more manifest than that of an exquisite quo­tidian, a pulse small and slow, which if it grow daily harder, the Feaver shall last many moneths, bitterness of mouth, [Page 102] paine in the vertebra's, with inflation of stomach, and loathings of meat sometimes trouble them.

Before we let bloud let the first re­gion of the body be emptied by a coo­ling Glister, A Caution. or minorating purge a­fore described, lest the morbifical hu­mour be wrapt into the greater veines, and so we cause a continual Feaver in­stead of an intermitting; let bloud on the intermitting day with a small Ori­fice, to prepare the humour.

Take of Oxysaccharum simple, A Julep. and sirrup of the juyce of Endive, each an ounce and half, Succory, and Purs­laine water each five ounces, then purge him thus.

Take of Cinamon a scruple, A Purge for choller. Rhu­barb four scruples, Tamarinds two drams, Diaprune solutive, or Electua­ry of Psyllium six drams, infuse them all night over warme embers in an ope­ning decoction, then adde sirrup of Ro­ses an ounce, give it on the intermit­ting day, or these pills.

Take of Diagridium four graines, Pills▪ Rhubarb a scruple, of Pills Aureae a dram, make them up with sirrup of Suc­cory, and give them after the first sleep

[Page 103] Take conserve of Succory flowers, A Bolus. and of Violets, or Water-Lillies each two drams▪ powder of Diatriasantalum scruple, with Sugar make a bole to give next morne to allay the fire in the bowels.

CHAP. XVI.
Of the Cure of a spurious inter­mitting Tertian.

THis Feaver is more frequent than the exquisite, because men indulge too much to their Genius, and its Fits and whole constitution is longer, by reason of the mixture of tough, crasse flegme, or melancholly, the Fits are sometimes twenty, twenty four, or forty hours, and then it is called an extense tertian; let the diet be incisive, and detersive, and somewhat refrige­rating, the broths be altered with En­dive, Burrage, Parsley, Wood-sorrel, Purssaine, and a fourth part of Hissop or Savoury, give Gellies which nourish much in small quantity, and because [Page 104] they are quickly excerned, repeat them often, and sometimes give this pow­der.

Take of Galens Laetificans two drams, A Cordial powder. the Analeptick or Resump­tive powder half an ounce, pure Su­gar six ounces, leaves of Gold six, dis­solve it in broth it wonderfully restores strength, if the Patient be nauseative.

Take of Nettle-seeds a dram, A Vomit. sirrup of Tobacco, or simple Oxymel an ounce, give it warme in mulse after meat, because it troubling the aecono­my of the stomach, it better exonerates it self with the meat, if occasion be for a Suppository.

Take of Honey boyled an ounce, salt Gemmes, and Mouse-turd each two scruples.

Take of Cinamon a scruple, A Suppo­sitary. Aga­rick Trochiscate two scruples, Rhu­barb four scruples, simple Oxymel and Diaphaenicum each six drams, infuse them all over warme embers in a fresh infusion of Damask Roses, streine it and give it.

If strength and other things allow it, A Purge let bloud on the intermitting day.

Bloud, saith Avicen, is a brideler of [Page 105] choller, both in respect of its quantity and quality, for there is more or it, and being temperately hot and moyst, it doth moderate the acrimony of chol­ler, and experience tells us, that those that are sick of a continual tertian, and the phrenitical, are best towards mor­ning, because bloud hath then the do­minion, and worst towards night when flegme rules, and therefore in Asia those that were let bloud presently be­came phrenitical, or delirous, and not those which were not; but that region is farre hotter and dryer than Europe, then give this Julep.

Sirrup of Vinegar compound, A Julep. and honey of Roses, each two ounces, En­dive, Succory, and Agrimony water, each half a pinte.

Take of the five opening Rootes clensed and bruised each an ounce, An Apo­zem. in­fuse them in a small quantity of simple Oxymel on the embers four hours, the herbs Succory, Endive, Liverwort, and the cappillary Plants each a hand­ful, Penni-royal, Origanum, or cala­mint, each half a handful, Liquorice scraped and bruised two drams, Rai­sins stoned twenty, Prunes eight, Endive [Page 106] seed three drams, Melon, Anise, and Fennel-seed each a dram and half, the three Cordial flowers, and Chamo­mel, each a small handful, Time half a handful, boyle them all in order with the Oxymel and roots in two quarts of water till a third part be wasted, clari­fie it, and aromatize it with Cina­mon.

Take of Cloves half a scruple, A Purge. Aga­rick Trochiscate two scruples, Rhu­barb and Tamarinds each four scru­ples, Diaphaenicum six drams, infuse them in part of the apozem and give it.

Take of conserve of Succory flow­ers, Citron Pill candied each two drams, old Methridate half a dram, give it with Sugar three hours before meat.

Take of Pills Imperial, A bolus. a dram, of Agarick a scruple, Diagridium four graines, make them up with honey of Roses.

To strengthen the Liver, Lozenges for the Li­ver. take of the powder of Diatriasantalum two drams, conserve of Succory-flowers, and Citron pill condite each three drams, pure Sugar dissolved and boy­led [Page 107] in Agrimony water, four ounces, make Lozenges of two drams weight, and give one every morne; if melan­cholly be joyned adde those things afore mentioned for it, instead of Phleg­magoges.

CHAP. XVII.
Of an intermitting Quotidian.

THis Feaver is caused from excre­mentitious flegme putrefied, and every day hath new fits with a refrige­ration or chilness, the place of putre­faction is the smaller veines and habit of the body, and chiefly the stomach, which is alwaies almost affected in this Feaver; sometimes it is in the mesente­ry, the simous part of the Liver, Spleen, or Wombe; but if it putrefie out of the smaller veines, it doth not cause a Feaver, but some other Malady, as if it be putrid and stinking in the Braine, or in the Lungs after Cathars, and Astma's, or in the Wombe, from whence is a Womans Flux; or in the [Page 108] Guts, from whence are Worms, or in the bladder or reines, where it is dried into stones of divers colours.

By flegme is here meant any cold and moyst humour produced in us, which may be putrefied from a hot or cold cause, that putrefied from heat, or the mixture of a serous moysture be­comes salt, from cold if remiss is cau­sed acid flegme, if intense, the glassie or albugenious, from these severall sorts of flegme are ingendred various Feavers.

A Quotidian Feaver is two-fold, The divi­sion of this Feaver. the one from excrementitious flegme which is of sweet taste, or insipid for the most part produced in the stomach, which when it putrefies in the lesser veines makes an exquisite Quotidian; the other is, when some other humour besides flegme putrefies with it, and it is called a bastard quotidian; let the Phisician be careful he coufound not a bastard Tertian, or double intermit­ting Tertian, or a triple Quartan, which have their fits every day with an intermitting quotidian, for their cure is farre different, and distinction dif­ficult.

[Page 109] The causes of this Feaver are not un­like those of a continual quotidian; The Signs gapings and wretchings precede this Feaver, with a coldness of the external parts, as of the Nose, Fingers, Ears, Hands, and Feet: with a paine in the stomach, seldome with rigour, but with a gentle horrour, the pulse ine­qual, inordinate, slow, and weak at first, afterwards more vehement and swift; the urine first thin, white, and crude, afterwards thick and turbulent; sometimes they vomit flegme, have acid belchings, swellings of the Hypo­chondria, pale faces, and little thirst; it usually seazes after noon, towards the evening or night; its fits are for the most part eighteen hours, and therefore it is called [...] that is, partaking of both day and night, its intermission is impure by reason of the quantity, crasseness, and clamminess of flegme which is left by the former fit, and is the cause of the following, because it is not breathed forth by sweat as in a ter­tian; this pituitous humour is hardly enflamed and moved, but the matter being coct, the vehemency of the fits cease, as in all other wholesome sick­nesses, [Page 110] its heat is not burning, but meanly acrid.

The signes of a bastard quotidian are confused, Signes of a bastard Quotidian by reason of the excremen­titious choller, or melancholly putre­fying with it, but if choller bee mixt, you may know it from the Vomitings, stooles, urine, pulse, and a more acrid and mordent heat, for some choller will be cast up, the excrement will be yellow, and the water tinct with chol­ler, the pulse inequal and more fre­quent than in the exquisite, the fits shorter, with thirst and bitterness of mouth; if melancholly be mixt con­sider its signes, with the Spleen ill­affected.

Let the dyet be hot and drying, The Cure. in­cisive and detersive; let the drink bee decoction of Sarsa Parilla roote, sirrup of Vinegar, or Hydromel; moyst meat that is substantifically moyst is good for all Feavers, saith Hippocrates, as broths of euchymous flesh altered with Parsley, Fennel, Hyssop, Savory, Marjoram, Sage, Time, with a little Endive, Purslaine, or Burrage, if it be spurious, the meat is easily corrupted by a feaverish heat, as milke by the [Page 111] hot air; let them sleep in the declina­tion, and not in the beginning of the fit, if the sick bee nauseative give a vomit, and then what followeth.

Take of Sope an ounce, A Supposi­tary. powder of simple Hiera, Agarick, and Salt Gem­mious each a dram, seeds of Coloquin­tida a scruple, beat them in a Morter with juyce of Mercury, make Sup­positaries, and dry them up for your use.

Take of Origanum, A Glister. Penny-royal, Calamint and Mercury each a handful, seeds of Dill three drams, Agarick two drams, Chamomel and Dill flow­ers each half a handful, boyle them in water to a pinte, honey of Roses, oyle of Nuts, each an ounce and half, Be­nedicta Laxative, and Hiera, or Dia­phaenicum each half an ounce, make a Glister.

Take of Polipody of the Oke brui­sed half a dram, A purging Potion. wilde Saffron seeds, and Sena each two drams, Calamint half a handful, Anniseed a dram, two Figgs, flowers of Time a small hand­ful, boyle them in water to three oun­ces in the Colature, infuse of Diacar­thamum six drams over warm embers, [Page 112] sirrup of Roses solutive, with Agarick an ounce, and give it; if it be Spring time, and the body young, or any e­vacuation supprest, open the right ax­illary veine, then give this Julep.

Oxymel compound four ounces, A Julep. Sage, Betony, and Succory water (if choller be mixt) each five ounces.

Take of Cocheae Pills, Pills. and of Aga­rick each half a dram, powder of Hiera a scruple, Agarick Trochiscate four graines, Trochiskes of Alhandal two graines, or if choller be mixt, of Dia­gridium two graines.

Take of Diarrhodon and Galangal each a scruple, A Condite Trochiskes of Worm­wood two drams, Citron pill condite with Honey an ounce, Conserve of Sage, and Rosemary flowers each two ounces, cover it with Gold, let him take half an ounce three hours before dinner.

Take of oyle of Wormwood, A Lini­ment. and Mastick each an ounce, oyle of Nut­meg half an ounce, mixe at the time of use a few drops of red Wine, and anoynt the stomach.

Take of the plaister of Mastick two ounces▪ A Plaister. of Ladanum an ounce, powder [Page 113] VVormwood two drams, red Roses a dram, Mace two scruples, reduce them to a masse, and make a scutiforme plaister for the stomach, an Epiala be­ing from glassie acid flegme requires the same Cure, only stronger reme­dies.

CHAP. XVIII.
Of a Quotidian Feaver from salt Flegme.

[...], Of the Name. that is, a salt or salsuginous Feaver, is of the na­ture of Quotidians, so called because it is caused by salt flegme, as a Winter­burning Feaver is, according to Hip­pocrates, but according to Galens ex­plication of that place, it is so called in relation to touch, and not unto taste, because like Salt it causes an itching mordency both in the body of the sick, and the hand of the Phisitian touching it, which is thus, when fuliginous and very adust excrements are cast forth through the habit of the body and skin, [Page 114] it is distinguisht from other Feavers by its horrour, thirst, and salt taste, by u­rine and pulse, and continuance of the fit, saith Hippocrates, by reason of its heat from putrefaction, or the mixture of some serous humour which is salt, rather than of choller which is bitter, and not salt, as Avicen thought.

It is cured by the same remedies as an intermitting quotidian, The Cure. tempering them with Succory, Hops, Fumitory, the four great cold seeds, &c. with in­cisive, attenuating, and detersive things, as sirrup De Bisantiis, and compound Oxysaccharum; we are not to expect concoction for purging the morbifical humour, which is so crasse and tough that it will be a long time first; purge therefore in the augment and state, but gently premising to every Purge its preparative, your Catarrhall Feaver is of the kinde of quotidians, and is cured almost with the same medicines.

CHAP. XIX.
Of an intermitting Quartan.

[...], or a Quartan Feaver, is so called, because it re­turnes every fourth day, it is two-fold, exquisite or spurious; an exquisite in­termitting, differs from a continual, both in matter and seat, because this is from a Natural melancholly putrefied in the greater Veines, and that from an excrementitious melancholly, cold and dry, putrefying, chiefly in the Spleen, then in the Liver, mesentery, and ha­bit of the body; a spurious one is as often as excrementitious, melancholly putrefies with choller, or flegme in the same place, and sometimes choller and flegme putrefie apart, and degenerate into a quartan.

The chief signes are a rigour at the beginning and augment, The Sign [...] and horrour, with a shaking of the whole body, as if the flesh and bones were broken; the urine at first white, thin, crude, and va­rious, afterwards crasse and black.

This Feaver is the longest of all in­termitting [Page 116] Feavers; Progno­sticks. the Falling-sickness is cured by a quartan, if neglected it causes a schirrus of the Spleen and Dropsie; if it degenerate into a double or triple quartan it is bad, but if into a continual it is lethal.

The sum of the Cure consists in gen­tle Medicines, The Cure. whether Glisters or Purges often repeated, and by degrees ascend to stronger, for he that acts o­therwise from a simple or double quar­tan, makes a triple or continual one, whence is death; this is confirmed by Galens story, who contrary to the opi­nion of the Phisitians of his time, in the midst of winter, cured Eudemus the Philosopher of a triple quartan by the use of Treacle, by which Medicine preposterously used be fell into it, for as long as signes of crudity appear, wee are not to use Diureticks, nor Sudori­ficks, lest by that meanes the corrupt humour be forced into narrower pas­sages, from whence it is not easily re­moved, but grows more furious; such excretions then are not to be used but in the declination.

If the quartan be from choller adust, then to the following remedies adde [Page 117] things cooling, but if from flegme, then things incisive, attenuating, and de­tersive.

If the Feaver be exquisite, the me­lancholly humour diffused through the whole body, vinegar and its sirrups are naught, but if it be contained in the spleen only, it is good.

Take of Mallows, A Glister Violet leaves, Burrage, Fumitory, Hops, each a handful, Prunes twelve, Endive seeds half an ounce, of the four great cold Seeds each two drams, Violet and El­der flowers each a small handful, boyle them in water to a pinte, in the cola­ture, dissolve of Cassia, with sugar and Diaprune simple, each six drams, hony of Violets, and oyle of Lillies each an ounce and half, give it.

Take of the pulpe of Cassia six drams, A Bole so melan­cholly. powder of Sena a dram, of A­niseed, a scruple, of Cloves two grains, with sugar make a bole.

Take of Polipody of the Oke brui­sed six drams, A Purge for melan­cholly▪ Fumitory, Hops, Bur­rage, each half a handful, Prunes four, figgs two, the seed of Dodder, of Vetches, Anise, and Purslane each half a dram, boyle them in water to four [Page 118] ounces, in the colature, boyle of Sena leaves two drams, Aniseed a dram, whole Cloves two, express it, and in­fuse of Catholicum, and Diacartha­mum each three drams, againe express it, and dissolve sirrup of Fumitory, or Epithimum an ounce, give this potion four hours before in broth, upon the fit day rather than on the other, because the matter being terrene and sluggish, will hardly yeeld; but on the fit day the humour being in motion, it is then most easily expelled, I speak by expe­rience, contrary to the common opi­nion.

Take of pills of Fumitory a dram, Pills. powder of Sena, and Agarick Tro­chiscate, each half a scruple, with sirrup of Fumitory, make pills.

If Nature tend upwards give of An­timony prepared and powdered three graines, Vomit. Conserve of Violets three ounces, with Sugar make a bole to bee taken on the fit day; or infuse six graines of it in White-wine all night o­ver warme embers, straine it, and give it before the horrour.

Amatus Lucitanus boasts, hee hath cured many with a draft of Rose-water [Page 119] warmed, and given at the insult of the fit, and some with happy success give at the insult five or six graines of Pep­per in a cup of generous Wine; if the Patient be young with full veines, and it be spring time, let bloud of the axil­lary veine in the left arme.

Take of the rootes of sharp Dock two ounces, An Apo­zem for choller adust. Butchers Broome, Aspa­ragus, Grass, and Liquorice each an ounce, the middle rine of Ash and El­der each half an ounce, Succory, En­dive, Hops, Fumitory, Burrage, A­grimony, Burnet, Miltwaist, Mercury, each a handful, Prunes twelve, new Figgs eight, Endive, Purflane-seed, and the four great cold ones, each two drams, the three Cordial flowers each a small handful, boyle them in two quarts of water till a third part be con­sumed, clarifie it with sirrup of Pom­granates, and Endive compound, each two ounces, and aromatize it with yellow saunders.

Take of Succory roots an ounce and half, An Apo­zem for salt flegm. Grass, Butchers Broom, Aspara­gus, each an ounce, infuse them in sim­ple Oxymel all night over warme em­bers, and then boyle them in two [Page 120] quarts of water with Burrage, Endive, Hops, Fumitory, Origanum, Cala­mint, Agrimony, each a handful, Mer­cury and Maiden-hair, each half a handful, Liquorice scraped and brui­sed half an ounce, Raisins stoned twen­ty, Figgs eight, seeds of Purssane, A­rise, Dodder of Vetches, and the four great cold ones, each two drams, flower of Tamarisk, Broome, and Violets, each a handful, being taken off the fire adde the Oxymel, wherein the rootes were infused, straine it, and cla­rifie it with Oxysaccharum, compound two ounces, and aromatize it with powder of Diatriasantalum.

Take of Polipody of the Oke brui­sed six drams, A Purge for [...] flegme. Sena half an ounce, Dodder of Time two drams, Annis [...]ed a dram, true black Hellebore two scruples, whole Cloves two, boyl them in part of the former Apozem to three ounces, then infuse of Catholicum and confection Hamech each half an ounce, in the colature dissolve sirrup of Fumi­tory the greater, A purge for flegme and me­lancholly. or of Apples an ounce, and give it.

Take of Cloves three graines, Ani­seed two scruples, Agarick Trochis­cate [Page 121] a dram, Turbith bruised four scruples, Sena two drams, infuse them all in part of the Apozem, with an ounce of Oxymel simple, upon warme embers, to the expression, adde of Dia­carthamum, and Catholicum, each three drams, sirrup of Fumitory the greater, an ounce.

Take of old Treacle four scruples, A Bole Conserve of Bugloss flowers or rootes three drams, give it with Sugar.

Take of Cloves three Graines, A Purge for choller adust. Cin­namon a scruple, Anniseed half a dram, Rhubarb, Tamarinds, and Sena each a dram and half, infuse them all night in Whey over warme embers, with the Electuary of the juyce of Ro­ses half an ounce, streine it, and adde sirrup of Violets of nine infusions an ounce and half, give it.

Take of the Conserve of Tamarisk, An Opiate or Broom flowers two ounces, Con­serve of the rootes of Smallage, Milt­waist, or Maiden-hair, each anounce, powder of the Trochisks of Capers, and of Dialacca, or Diacurcuma, each a dram, make an opiate, give half an ounce on the intermediate days, drink­ing a little White-wine after it.

[Page 122] Take of Trochisks of Capers, Lozenges. and Wormwood, each half a dram, root of Jallop a dram, Crocomartis two drams, Conserve of the rootes or flowers of Bugloss six drams, Sugar dissolved in Milte-waist water and boyled, four oun­ces, make Lozenges two drams weight, take one every intermitting morne, and drink after it a little VVhite wine.

Take of Gum Elemi an ounce, A Plaister for the Spleen. VVax half an ounce, Colophonia, Tur­pentine, and powder of long Birth­wort, and Caper bark, each two drams, Flower-de-luce, Cammels Hey, Nard Indian, and Myrrhe each a dram, Sty­rax Calamite half a dram, White­wine as much as will serve to dissolve the gums, make a mass, of which spread a Plaister on Leather in the fi­gure of a Neats tongue, and apply it to the Spleen, it softens and resolves its hardness, or the Chymical Oyle of Amoniacum, with some few drops of sharp Vinegar doth more powerfully resolve any hard tumor of the spleen.

CHAP. XX.
Of Feavers annexed to Quartans.

THe Quintan, Sextan, Septan, and Nonan Feavers differ not from in­termitting Quartans, either in matter or cure, but in the quantity of the humour, and disposition of the body, rather than from the rising, setting, and congression of some Starres, as the A­strologers would have it; all these Feavers have their name from the mo­tion they observe returning upon the fifth, sixth, seventh, or ninth day.

The cause of these circuits depends not only on disordered diet, The Cau­ses. or the re­licks of the morbifical matter not emp­tied, nor on the quantity, quality, or crasness and clamminess of the hu­mour, nor on the influx of the Starrs, or disposition of the body, but rather from the starry Element, which Hip­pocrates calls something Divine, when a quartan is caused from very crasse and tough flegme, and a melancholly humour very crass, it may then bee extended beyond the fourth day, saith [Page 124] Paulus Aegi. and Rhasis speakes of those returned every tenth day, and once a moneth; that the quantity and quality of both humours, and disposi­tion of body doe contribute somewhat, none will deny, but the cause of the Circuits, Histories doe report to be re­ferred to the element of Stars. Pliny speaks of Antipater the Poet who lived very long, and every year on his Birth­day had a Feaver; Galen saies, he hath seen Quintans but obscurely, but A­vicen boasts hee hath seen many, but they are rarely contingent.

Hippocrates presages thus of these Feavers, Presages. the Nocturnal is not dange­rous, but long; the Diurnal is shorter, and sometimes they bring to a Con­sumption; the reason is, because the night is likened to Winter, at which time cold humours move, and because in the night season remedies cannot conveniently be administred; a Quin­tan is the worst of all, for to the sound or tabid it is death, because it is vehe­ment, proceeding from an atra-bilari­ous humour, and not from a melan­cholly juyce; a Septan is long, but not lethal, and so a Nonan.

[Page 125] The Cure differs not from that of an exquisite or spurious quartan.

Take of the leaves of Sena three drams, A powder for an in­termitting quartan. the rootes of true black Helle­bore one dram, of Anise-seed, Dodder of Time, Diagridium each half a dram, Mastick, and salt Gemmeous each a scruple, Cloves half a scruple, make a fine Powder, give a dram in a little White-wine on the fit day in the morn early once a week.

CHAP. XXI.
Of confused, compounded, and er­ratick Feavers.

ALL these are of the kinde of es­sential Feavers, and differ not from the precedent, neither in matter nor putrefaction, for they are all pu­trid, but in the seat and motion of the morbifical humour.

A confused Feaver is so called from the seat, Of a con­fused Fea­ver. when humours doe equally putrefie in the greater or lesser veines; as if choller and flegme doe putrefie [Page 126] together in the greater veines, there shall be two continual Feavers, because these two humours mixt doe putrefie in the same place, beginning and en­ding together, and by reason of this mixtion they cannot be known distinct­ly, or apart, because their signes are confounded, from whence this Feaver hath its name; likewise if both those humours putrefie in the lesser veines which are in the habit of the body, or in the Stomach, Liver, Mesentery, Spleen, or Cuts, together in the same place, there shall be two intermitting Feavers, which mixed doe constitute a confuse, and not a compound Fea­ver.

On the contrary, A Com­pound Fea­ver. A compound Fea­ver is as oft as the humours doe ine­qually putrefie, not in one place (as the confused) but in divers places to­gether, whether in the greater or lesser veines; and this Feaver hath its name from the predominant humour, as in a bastard Tertian where choller predo­minates; likewise if there be more flegme or melancholly humour, it shall then be called a bastard quotidian, or quartan, which Feavers are com-Pound, [Page 127] and not confused, because their matter putrefies in divers places, and they begin and end at divers hours, be­cause every one hath its several essence, seat, and motion; also two quotidi­ans, and a double tertian, and a dou­ble or triple quartan, are Compound Feavers, as often as their matter pu­trefies in divers places; and thus a semi-tertian which is compounded of choller putrefied in the greater veines, from whence is a continual; and flegme out of them, whence is an intermit­ting Feaver; or of flegme putrefied in the greater Veines, and choller out of them, and is called a Hemitritaean; thus also a Hectick Feaver with a pu­trid, doe make a Compound Feaver, because the efficient cause of a Hectick is in the solid parts, and of the putrid in the humours, but an Ephemera joy­ned with other Feavers makes no com­pound, otherwise there could bee no simple Feaver; the symptomes also which accompany Feavers constitute no compound, one because they are not of the essence of Feavers, though they increase, foment, and prolong them.

[Page 128] The Erratick Feaver is so called, Of the Er­ratick Fea­ver. be­cause its fits observe no proportion, for their beginnings are inordinate, re­sembling no species of any certaine sim­ple, or compound Feaver; an Erratick Feaver then is of no certaine species, for it is neither quotidian, tertian, nor quartan, nor much less a continual, for being so called from the uncertaine in­sult of the fits, it is plaine it cannot bee continual, though it may bee joyned with a continual, as well as other inter­mitting Feavers; an erratick then is from no certaine kind of humour as o­ther intermittings are, but either from the humours confounded together, and unequally premixt, and putrefying in the habit of the body, or from one hu­mour but changed from it self and pas­sing into another, for how much the humours are changed in the body of the sick, so much are the circuits of the fits varied; and bloud is most of all transmuted when it putrefies, part of it passing into yellow choller, part into black.

The causes of these Feavers are many, The Cau­ses. one is the inequality of Sum­mer and Autumne; another when a [Page 129] humour begins to putrefie in a particu­lar part, and another flowes to it from other parts, which was before bounded in them, or was redundant in the whole body; a third is errour in diet, quantity, or quality of the humour, strength of the Patient, &c. they are long, and of evil judgement; he that would distinguish them rightly must bee well versed in the knowledge of simple Feavers, both continual and in­termitting.

The signes of Compound Feavers differ not from those of the simple in­termitting, as a double intermitting tertian begins as a simple with rigour, and sometimes with vomiting, and ends with sweat; Compound Feavers are seldome of divers intermittings, but if it happen the first dayes, they are scarce discernable.

Compound Quartans begin with horrour, as the simple intermittings, and they are the longest of all, they are thus distinguisht; a double quar­tan growes furious two dayes, and is quiet the third, the fourth, and fifth; again is furious, and so consequently a triple quartan every day begins with [Page 130] horrour, but every fourth day the Fea­ver is more grievous, as if it were a simple quartan.

Every intermitting Feaver of divers kinde may be complicate with another of the same kinde, if it be in divers pla­ces, as if a quotidian bee mixt with a tertian, on one day there shall be two fits, but on the next only one, that of the quotidian; and on the third day there shall be two, on the fourth but one, and so forwards, the one shall be­gin with coldness, the other with ri­gour.

If a quotidian be mixt with a quar­tan, then the fourth day there shall bee two fits, one with coldness, the other with horrour, on the other dayes but one, that of the quotidian. If a tertian and quartan concur, the first insult shall be of the tertian with rigour, the second day there shall be no Feaver, the third day the tertian shall recur, on the fourth a fit of the quartan, on the fifth another of the tertian, on the sixth none, on the seventh there shall bee a double fit, one of the tertian, and ano­ther of the quartan, and so on. If a pu­trid Feaver be joyned with a Hectick [Page 131] it makes a compound, because the heat of this possesses the substance of the heart, that, the humours.

The signes of both are taken from the pulse hard and unequal, from the urine, mordent heat, and manner of their motion, if it be bilious the invasion will be every third day, if a quartan, eve­ry fourth, if a quotidian, every day, either with rigour, horrour, or cold­ness; and the exacerbations, and re­missions of the putrid Feaver will be at its set hours.

CHAP. XXII.
Of a Semitertian Feaver.

THis Feaver Hippocrates calls the horrid Feaver, from its horrour, or violent shaking, it is a Compound Feaver, and is two-fold, exquisite and not exquisite, that is made up of a continual quoridian, and an intermit­ting tertian, for it is more easie for a quotidian to be continual than a terti­an, [Page 132] and its fits are longer than those of a tertian.

Besides, The signes of a Semi­tertian. the horrour is not every day, but every other day, when then the fits both of tertian and quotidian meet together, and are confounded, but on the middle dayes there is only a re­frigeration proper to the quotidian, the reduplications are every third day, not such as a tertian, but dimidiately like them, because the type of the ter­tian is changed by the flegme of the quotidian.

This Feaver is sometimes caused from a continual tertian, and intermit­ting quotidian, and not from two con­tinuals, or two intermittings, as Ar­chigenes and Celsus would have it; whose opinions were they true, it would not be horrifical, as Hippocrates and Ga­len describe it, for horrour proceeds from rigour and cold mixt.

The Non-exquisite is two-fold too, Signes of a non ex­quisite Semiter­ [...]ian. the one when choller predominates, the other when flegme; if choller prevail, there is a rigour and no horrour, and it comes sooner to its state without many reduplications, the heat is more acrid, with vomitings, and dejections yel­low, [Page 133] &c. but if flegme predominate, there is rather a chilness than horrour, and many reduplications, with fleg­matick excretions, less heat▪ &c. these Feavers are frequent in Aethiopia, I­taly, and other hot Countries, the gentlest of them is twenty four hours, the middle sort thirty six, the strongest forty eight; if it bee exquisite every third day it is horrifical, the pulse hard and unequal, and so the heat, the u­rine crass and turbulent; sweats in these Feavers are bad, because they are symptomatical, and not from Nature conquering, &c.

This Feaver is reckoned amongst the deadly, Pr [...]no­sti [...]s. and sometimes lasts a whole month; sometimes degenerates into a Hectick, sometimes to a Dropsie, by reason of the many obstructions; some­times it is shorter, when the matter is little, and contained in the common ducts.

For the Cure, A Purge. if need be, first give a Glister, then take of Cinamon half a dram, Agarick Trochiscate two scru­ples, Rhubard four scruples, honey of Roses and Diaphaenicum each an ounce, infuse them in a decoction of [Page 134] Succory, Hyssop, Liquorice, Raisins stoned, Figgs, Anni-seed, flowers of Time, Bugloss, and Elder, all night o­ver the warme embers, streine it, and give it at the time of remission.

Take of the simple sirrup of Vine­gar four ounces, A Sirrup against thirst. use it with the deco­ction of Barley, or with Ptis [...]an made of Barley, Raisins stoned, Figgs, and Liquorish, or with a decoction of Sor­rel rootes, or Water and Sugar, if Vi­negar displease, use sirrup of Pomgra­nates.

In a spurious one if choller predo­minate, let your cholagoges exceed the Phlegmagoges, and so on the con­trary; if the stomach be offended, give gastrical Medicines, and so of other parts.

Take of Sorrel, An ope­ning Apo­zem. Grasse, Butchers Broome, and Asparagus roots, each one ounce, of both Succories, Fumi­tory, and the Capillary Plants each a handful, Liquorish six drams, Prunes twenty, Figgs twelve, Endive-seed three drams, Anise two drams, Elder and Burrage flowers each a small hand­ful, Time half a handful, boyle them to a pinte, and adde honey of Roses [Page 135] and Oxysaccharum simple, each two ounces, clarifie it, and aromatize it with powder of Diarrodon Abba­tis.

In the declination provoke sweat and urine, the Disease being contuma­cious is exasperated by strong Purgers, and yeelds not to gentle, but by meane ones often repeated is overcome; bleed if the Sick bee plethorick, young, and strength give leave, &c.

Other Compound Feavers being caused from putrid matter are cured by the same method, and the same reme­dies as bastard intermittings are; the confused Feavers if from putrid matter in the greater Veines, are cured as con­tinual Feavers, if not as intermittings; the Erratick as bastard intermittings, quotidian, tertian, or quartan.

CHAP. XXIII.
Of a Hectick Feaver.

[...], Of the Name. that is, a Hectick is taken for every Feaver that is hard to be re­moved, whether it be from flegme or melancholly, and is opposed to the Schetick Feaver which is easily remo­ved, it hath its name from [...], which is a habit, because it is stable and per­manent.

For a Hectick Feaver is a preterna­tural heat kindled in the solid parts, The Defi­nition. which first occupies the substance of the heart, and then diffuses it self into the rest of the solid parts of the body, through the Veines and Arteries.

This Feaver is continual, The Divi­sion. and hath but one fit from the beginning to the end, without any intermission or re­mission, unless it be joyned with a pu­trid Feaver; every Hectick is Smple, or Compound, that is either universal or particular; the universal is that which first seazes on the substance of the heart, then on the other parts and this is seldome; a particular one is [Page 137] that which first invades the substance of some private part, and at last the heart; and this is frequent, as of the Lungs in a Ptissick, of the Midriffe, Liver, &c. A Compound one is that which hath a putrid Feaver joyned with it; a Simple Feaver is further di­vided into three degrees, the first is, when the body of the heart, and the o­ther solid parts are newly inflamed, and this degree lasts as long as the sub­stantifical and radical moysture doth conglutinate the terrene parts, and is sufficient to nourish and foment the fiery heat, as Oyle doth the flame of the Cotton in a Lamp, and this is hard to be known, but easie to be cured.

The third and worst sort is called [...], because it hath adjoyned a hot and dry Consumption, and is then when the humour is wholly wa­sted, and all the solid parts are as it were burnt, and turned into ashes, as the Cotton of the Lamp is for want of the affusion of more Oyle, for thus the substantifical moysture being quite spent, the native heat is extinguished, and cannot bee restaurated by Euchy­mous aliments, and this degree as it [Page 138] cannot be hid, so it cannot bee cured. The second degree is of a middle na­ture between them, and how much the nigher or further to the first or last, is by so much the easier or harder to cure, they all differ only gradually.

The causes external are from the Six Non-natural things as the hot Air, The Cau­ses. long Hunger, Watchings, suppression of Excrements, &c. the internal are from a bilious temperament, a conti­nual Feaver ill cured, as a causus and continual tertian, and not from a quo­tidian or intermitting tertian, from a Prisick lientery, or such Diseases in which the nourishment being incoct, or ill concoct, doth not humectate the so­lid parts, which being destitute of their aliment, and conceiving a more acrid and feaverish heat, grow hot and dried.

The first degree may be known by the preter-natural heat, Signes of the first degree. if at first touch of the Artery it be acrid and mordent; if after drink or meat a heat presently flushes in the face from the sublation of vapours, this heat is at first so gen­tle that the Sick deny themselves to be feaverish, for things done by degrees [Page 139] cause no paine, saith Hippocrates; as Plants at their first sprouting are easily pulled up, but are hardly known un­less by the skilful Herbarist, so this de­gree is easily cured, but hardly disco­vered, unless by the learned Phisi­cian.

The signes of the second kinde are not only from the mordent heat of the pulse being felt, Signes of the second degree. but in the soles of the feet, and palmes of the hand; besides, the pulse is harder and dryer than in the former, because the feaverish heat works not only on the rorid substance of the heart, but on its primogenious humidity, whence nourishment fai­ling, the Sick necessarily falls away, the urine is higher coloured by reason of the intense heat, depopulating not only the heart, but habit of the whole body, but less high than if a putrid were joy­ned with it; this degree hath a great latitude, and so is accordingly known, or cured.

Signes of the last degree are a weak pulse, Signes of the third degree. small, and frequent, and hard from driness, the urine hath some fatty substance swimming in it like to Cob­webs, which denotes a quolliquation of [Page 140] the similar parts, the eyes are hollow, their humours being wasted, the tem­ples fallen, the substantifical humour of the muscles being consumed, the fore­head dryed, the nayls crookt, the eye­lids scarce moveable, the Hypochon­dria distended, the skin hard and dry, cleaving to the bones, the fleshy sub­stance being wasted. A Hectick sel­dome possesses Children, often young cholerick bodies, and old men that are of a hot and dry temper, and those that are long necked, and narrow breasted, &c. those that have a Hippocratical face are past cure, and such as have a looseness.

The cure of the first degree differs little from that of a Diary, The Cure. for it pro­ceeds from the same manifest causes, but more vehement, which are inhe­rent in the habit of the body, and there­fore requires stronger remedies; let the diet bee euchymous, liquid, cold, and moyst, and incrassating to hinder dis­sipation, as Broths altered with Let­tice, Purslane, Marigolds, Violets, Bur­rage, Wood-sorrel, Spinage, &c. let the drink be ptissan, or water boyled with sitrup of Maiden-hair, or the [Page 141] Alexandrine Julep with a little Vine­gar, if it proceed from an Ephemera; old age may be allowed a little small Wine at meals.

Take of the leaves of Mallows, Vio­lets, Burrage, A Glister. Lettice, each a handful, Prunes twelve, the four great cold Seeds each three drams, Water-Lilly-flow­ers and Violets each a small handful, boyle them in water, and in a pint of the colature dissolve of simple Dia­prunes, and Cassia with sugar each six drams, honey of Violets, and oyle of Water-Lillies each an ounce and half, make a Glister, if you would have it nourishing too, then boyle them in the broth of a Weathers head, or in Capon broth, with the yolks of eggs.

If the stomach be foul, A Potion. take of Man­na of Calabria an ounce and half, sirrup of Roses solutive, with Rhubarb if choller abound, or with Agarick if flegme, and give it in a little Chicken­broth, or ptissan, stronger remedies must not be used. To correct the acrid heat, and driness.

Take of sirrup of Vinegar simple, or Oxysaccarum, or of the juyce of Endive, or Poppy, if the Patient rest not, three [Page 142] ounces, Bugloss and Wood sorrel wa­ter each six ounces, make a Julep.

Baths are good which by their warmth open the passages, Baths. and draw the bloud to the habit of the body, if you give a cup of Asses milk with su­gar of Roses to them whiles they are in it; then to prevent sweating anoynt the back bone, and the emunctories, and extreame parts with this Lini­ment.

Take of oyle of Violets, A Lini­ment. or Water-Lillies, or sweet Almonds, and oyle of Roses, or Myrtells, each three oun­ces, mixe them for your use.

If you mixe in broth a little of this condite, A Condite and give it before meat, you will profit much, viz. Conserve of Violets, and Water-Lillies, and the bark of the rootes of Bugloss, condite each an ounce, of the resumptive Powder newly prepared three drams, or instead of it Melon and Cowcum­ber-feeds each a dram and half, pow­der of Diatriasantalum, and Diamar­garitum Frigidum, each half a dram, sugar of Roses sufficient, make a con­dite and cover it with gold.

The second degree is also cured by [Page 143] euchymous diet and alteration, The Cure of the se­cond de­gree. with liquids, because they are sooner and easier distributed into the habit of the body, and doe more plentifully nou­rish, saith Hippocr. [...], &c. if the Hectick proceed from the ptissick, or continual Feaver, you must recurre to their proper Chapters, likewise i [...] from the inflammation of some viscus, or the guts, &c.

Take of the resumptive oyntment two ounces, An oynt­ment for the brest. oyle of sweet Almonds one ounce, powder of Florentine, Flower-de-luce four scruples, Saffron a scruple, anoynt the breast and back warme; if there be a looseness anoynt the belly with Unguentum Comitissae: all this while let him take every morne at four of the clock half a pint of Asses milk warme from the Teat, with two spoonfuls of sugar of Roses powdered, wash his mouth and sleep upon it, if he stept not afore.

This milk because it is more serous, The choyce of Milks. deter [...]ive, and coole, is best in a Ptis­sick, but if you would nourish, Wo­mans milk is best; if consolidate an ul­cer, then Cowes or Sheeps milk because it is more cheesie and butyrous.

[Page 144] The third degree being incurable by the consent of all, The third degree. I shall speak but lit­tle of it, let their Chamber be large that they may breath the cool air, let their meat be very nourishing and of­ten taken in small quantity, especially Womens milk, let the drink be ptis­san, or small Wine, cause rest, with Diacodium, or a Pill of Cynogloss, or Laudanum, use cooling moystning, and nourishing Glisters, and Juleps, to moderate, if not extinguish the fire in the solid parts. Take of the confection of Hyacinth, or Alkermes four scru­ples, Pearl two scruples, fragments of the Five precious Stones, and red Cor­ral finely poudered each a scruple, powder of Diapenidium without the species the weight of them all, of the finest Sugar an ounce, fix leaves of Gold, make a powder, and dissolve a spoonful in every small quantity of ptissan, or what else you give, it won­derfully restores the lost strength.

A Compound Hectick is hard to know, A short cure of a Compound Hectick. unless to the Learned, who can distinguish the forme and type of every Feaver; this is cured by bleeding, if there be a plenitude, or the Courses, [Page 145] or Hemorrhoids bee supprest, or by gentle Purgers if there be a Caco­chymie no wayes respecting the Con­sumption, but the Plethora, or Caco­chymy, saith Hippocrates and Galen.

CHAP. XXIV.
Of Malignant and pestilent▪ Feavers.

[...], The divi­sion and difference of malig­nant Fea­vers. that is, of ma­lignant Feavers, some are essential, others symptomatical; the essential have a great analogy with putred Fea­vers, from which they differ not in matter, but only by a malignant qua­lity venenate and contagious, either produced in us, or induced into us; they differ also from Hecticks, not by macilency, which in these is caused by degrees in them speedily, which vari­ously waste the substance of the body, as the Leipyria, Syncope, &c. of which in their place.

The Symptomatical Feavers are those which follow the inflammations [Page 146] of the Viscera, and Burning-feavers, from which they also differ by their malignant quality, as the essential also doe.

A Leipyria is two-fold, Of a Lei­pyria Feaver. the one es­sential, the other symptomatical; the essential is caused from glassie flegme cold in the third degree, collected in the bowels, though with some mix­ture of choller, yet notwithstanding that it may putrefie, the heat is called from the external parts, to the internal, in which is kindled no small fire, hence it is that the inwards burne, and the outward parts are cold, from whence if a thirst follow, it is deadly the fourth day, or sooner, saith Hippocrates.

This is cured as a continual quar­tan, The Cure. and if symptomatical as a causus, or continual tertian, with this cauti­on, that to all remedies both internal and external, we mixe something cor­dial, which may retund the venenate and malignant quality without any manifest heat.

A Syncopal Feaver hath its name from the Symptome, A Syncopal Feaver. because the dis­eased are troubled with faintings and swounings; by reason of the exact [Page 147] sense and hurt of the mouth of the Sto­mach.

The efficient cause is either crasse flegme putrefied in the stomach, The Cause with some maligne or venenate quality, which carried upwards to the mouth of the stomach doth [...] and wound it, from whence is paine and faintings, and sometimes a Syncope, that is, a sudden loss of strength, with sweats more or less; sometimes it is from aeruginous choller which is whol­ly pernicious, whose vapour carried to the mouth of the stomach doth wound it, from whence are faintings, Convulsions, and death, unless it bee vomited up, as Galen mentions in a young man; this Feaver is very rare, and observes the type of a quotidian, which is worst towards the evening.

If it come from prassinous or aerugi­nous choller, The signes from pras­sinous choller. the signes are taken from a hot and dry season of the year, from a young, mac [...]lent, and bilious body, or from a continual burning feaver, or tertian, with a malignant quality, which usually kills before the fourth fit; that from aeruginous choller is worse, the pulse is swift, from the abundance of [Page 148] heat, inequal from the multitude of the obnoxious humour oppressing Nature, hard from the driness of the Humour and Vessels, small from the weakness; the parts about the heart and whole body seemes puft up, and tumid, the colour is vitiated, in some white, in others livid or black, the belchings are acid if from flegme, bit­ter from porraceous choller, the eyes prominent, the tongue acid and black, they are best when quiet and unmo­ved.

The humour is to be carried away by gentle Clisters, The Cure. and purged epi­crastically, alwaies adding Cardiacal Medicines against the malignant and venenate quality, and if the Patient be nauseative give a vomit.

Take a sufficient quantity of broth, A Glister for flegme. and boyle in it Mercury, Balme, and Burrage, each a handful, the tops of Dill, with Cammomel, and Me [...]lot-flowers each a smalhandful, course Bran two Pugills, Figgs twelve, Aniseed two drams, streine it, and dissolve of Hiera an ounce, honey of Mercury, and oyle of Cammomel, each anounce and half, the yolks of two Eggs, and give the Glister.

[Page 149] Take of Mallows, Violets, Barrage, A Glister for ae [...]ugi­nous chol­ler. Purslane, Balme, each a handful▪ Prunes sixteen, of the four greater cold Seeds each two drams, Water-Lilley-flow­ers a handful, dissolve in the colature Diaprunum simple, and Cassia with Sugar each six drams, honey of Roses, and oyle of Roses, each an ounce and half, give it at the time of remission.

Take of Manna of Calabria, A minora­ting Purge for flegme. and sir­rup of Roses solutive, with Agarick, each an ounce and half, drink it in a little fresh Chicken broth, boyle in the broth three drams of Citron pill.

Take of Cinnamon a scruple, A purge for choller. Rhu­barb four scruples, Tamarinds two drams, Cassia newly drawn an ounce and half, infuse them all night over warme embers in Chicken-broth, in the decoction of Succory, Purslane, Citron-seeds, Bugloss, and Water-Lilly flowers, straine it, and adde sir­rup of Violets of nine infusions, or of Succory, with a double quantity of Rhubarb, or of Roses solutive an ounce and half, give the potion.

Take of Agarick Trochiscate for flegme, Rhubarb for choller, Pills. half a dram, imperial Pills a dram, with [Page 150] honey of Roles, or sirrup of Violets, make them up.

Take of the sirrup of Citron pill Conserved, A Julep for flegme. and of sower Pomgra­nates each two ounces, Balme, and Bugloss water each six ounces.

Take of Bugloss roots two ounces, An Apo­zem. dried Citron pill one ounce, it flagme abound, but of Sorrel, and Grass roots, if aeruginous, or prassinous choller, each one ounce, Succory, Endive, Purslane, Lettice, Burrage, Scabious, Devils-bit each a handful, Balme, and French Lavender for flegme, each half a hand­ful, Raisins stoned twenty, Liquorish six drams, Prunes for choller eight, white Poppy, and the four greater cold Seeds or Cardu [...]s Benedictus, and Aniseed, each two drams for flegme, the Cordial flowers a Pugil, boyl them in water to a pint, add sirrup of Pom­granates three ounces (which is good for them both) make an Apozem, and aromatize it with a dram and half of Saxafras; if you would make a ma­gistrall sirrup in one part of the deco­ction without sirrup, infuse of Cloves a scruple, Agarick▪ Trochiscate an ounce for flegme, or Cinnamon a dram, [Page 151] and Rhubard an ounce and half, for choller, straine it, and boyle it gently to a sirrup with Manna, and sirrup of Roses, each half a pound, the dose is two ounces in a decoction of Burrage, or broth twice a week.

CHAP. XXV.
Of the Cardiacal Feaver.

THis Feaver hath its name from the heart, and is of the same kinde with malignant and colliquating Fea­vers, The signes and not much unlike to the Syn­copall; there is a great heat with it, and the face lookes red, great strivings of the heart, little and frequent breath­ing, insomuch that they are compeld to sit upright, like the Orthopnoical, and are pained on the region of the heart; the Disease inclining, they have a thin sweat, a cold breath, and then follow syncopes, and death.

The cure is the same with that of a Burning-feaver, The cure. both for cooling and moystning diet, and for bleeding, pre­mising the Glister there described, if the body be bound; in alterating the humours adde a fourth, or sixth part of [Page 152] hot Alexipharmaca, by reason of the malignant and pernicious quality that is impressed, and then empty the hu­mours with Manna, Cassia, &c, allay the thirst with Julep of Violets, or Poppies.

Amongst malignant Feavers are reckoned also those that doe variously impair the substance of the body, whe­ther by degrees or speedily, Typhodis Feaver. as the [...], &c. the [...] is a kind of Feaver, in which by reason of the excessive heat, the sick seem to be suf­focated, and may be called an crysipe­latose one, and is cured as a continual tertian.

[...], that is, the moyst Feaver is so called, because presently after the first day the sick begin to sweat, and by sweating their strength is so wasted, The moyst Feaver. that they finde little or no benefit by it, in the year 1528. this Feaver spread it self from England into France, and in short space killed the stoutest men by sweating, all remedies against it being invalid the French named it Suette and numbred it amongst the Pestilential, by reason of its maligne and venenate qua­lity, the Greeks call it [...].

[Page 153] [...] is called by Hippo­crates, The rest­less Fea­ver. the restless implacid Feaver; in this the sick are alwaies tossing, chang­ing their posture of lying, loath all things, are distended in the Hypochon­dria, thirst, watch, or are delirous in their sleep.

The internal cause is a crass, The signe [...]. acrid, and bilious humour, imbibed in the coates of the stomach, sometimes it is from in­ternal pains, The Cau­se. the pulse suddenly failes, and the use of all remedies is prevented; let the diet be incisive, refrigerating, and moystning, and if occasion be, give this Glister.

Take of Violet leaves, Gourds, Purs­lane, and Nettles, each a handful, the four great cold Seeds, and Nettle-seed, each two drams, Camomel and Vio­let flowers, A Glister. each a pugil, boyle them in water to a pint, and in the colature dis­solve Diaphaenicum, honey of Roses, and Oxymel simple each an ounce, oyle of Water-Lillies an ounce and half.

To allay the thirst, use the juyce of Pomgranates, or Citrons, or the sirrups made of them, &c.

Take of Cinamon a scruple, Rhu­barb four scruples, Cassia newly drawn [Page 154] an ounce and half, A Potion. infuse them in the in­fusion of Damask Roses, or in the de­coction of Succory, Marigolds, Bur­rage, Prunes, with Nettle-seed, and the Cordial flowers, streine it, and give it; procure sleep with sirrup of Poppy, and a little Diamargaritum frigidum.

[...] is called by the Latines the Colliquating Feaver, The Col­liquating Feaver. by whose vehe­ment heat not only the fat, but the flesh and substance of the solid parts are mel­ted away, & this is of the kind of malig­nant Feavers; it is caused two wayes, the one when the colliquationis by degrees, as in Hecticks, and the Marasmus; the other, when both fat and solid parts are suddainly dissolved, and this is a most grievous and dangerous disease, it dif­fers from a Marasmus because in this, that portion of flesh which is colliqua­ted is always like a vapour, breathed forth by insensible transpiration, but in the colliquating Feaver it flowes to the belly in the species of a bilious stinking crass humour, the external causes are, watchings, sadness, malignant Medi­cines, &c. and this is not lethal. The cause.

The internal cause is a fervid heat with a malignant quality which doth [Page 155] not always dissolve the body by insen­sible transpiration, but sometimes by manifest excretions.

The signes are rusous, The signes crass, stinking dejections, sometimes fat and viscid, with a spume or froth which indicates heat, the nose grows sharp, and the eyes hollow, which latter signes if they ap­pear at first, we are not to meddle; Hip­pocrates proposes two remedies, the one the cremor of Barley, the other cold Water, with acid sirrup made up with Sugar, and not with Honey; give Gli­sters if occasion be, or eccoproticks, for the first region of the body, with ope­ning and cooling decoctions, if there be obstructions, and condites, and cardia­cal powders, as are described in the Chapter of a continual tertian.

CHAP. XXVI.
Of the Feaver from Crudity.

[...], that is, a Feaver from Crudity, Of the Name. though the word Crude be ap­plied to various things, yet in this place it is taken for a raw cold humour, con­tained in the first passages, or in the whole body; this Feaver differs from [Page 156] an Epiala, not in matter, nor in the place of putrefaction, but in malignity, and therefore is not voyd of danger, e­specially if it be joyned with an inflam­mation of stomach or liver, for some­times it is without them.

If the crude humour putrefie in the first passages there will be a nauseous­ness, The Signs. sower belchings, with idleness, or unseasonable exercise, as Venery pre­sently after meat, &c. if it bee in the whole body the urine will be thin, and watery, the contents divulsed, the co­lour pallid, plumbeous or livid, the whole bulk somewhat swelled, the pulse unequal, obscure, with a dulness of the senses; make a Glister with Hiera Ca­tholicum, honey of Roses, oyle of Ca­momel, decoction of Mallows, Mercu­ry Origanum, Dill, &c.

Take of Catholicum an ounce, A minora­ting purge. in­fuse it all night in the infusion of Da­mask Roses, streine it, and adde sirrup of Succory, with Rhubarb duplicated, an ounce and half, give it in the morn; if strength and age permit, and a high tinct urine require it, let bloud in the axillary veine in small quantity, with a narrow Orifice.

[Page 157] All attenuating things used must not be very hot, A Rule. lest the Feaver be increased.

Take of sirrup of Vineger, A Julep. and juyce of Endive, each two ounces, Succory & Wormwood-water each six ounces.

Take of Grass-roots, An Apo­zem. Butchers Broom, and Asparagus, each an ounce, of Suc­cory, Agrimony, Endive, the Capillary Plants, & Sea-wormwoode ach a handful Origanum, and Balm each half a hand­ful, seeds of Carduus Benedictus, Citron, and Anise, each two drams, flowers of Bugloss and Time, each a pugil, boyle them in water to a pint, with Oxymel simple three ounces, make an Apozem, and aromatize it with Cinamon.

Take of Cinamon a scruple, A Purge. Rhu­barb four scruples, Catholicum half an ounce, Cassia newly extracted an ounce, infuse them in part of the Apozem, and to the expression, adde sirrup of Roses, with Agarick an ounce and half, give the potion, and give no stronger; take of the Conserve of Citron pill three drams, old Mithridate, or Treacle, or Aurea Alexandrina, a dram with Su­gar, give the Bolus next day three hours before meat.