A PERFECT DESCRIPTION AND POVRTRAICT OF THE CHIEFEST PART OF England viz. of Thames the riuer of London, and of all the sandes, bankes, flattes, and shoaldes vnto Harwich.
IF you come from the West, and will passe within the Goodwin to the foreland: first shape your course North north-east, and North and by east: and then the windmill standing westward of the foreland, appeareth on the west side of the valley, hold then on North and by East, vntil you haue brought the tower of the Foreland on the East-side of the sayd valley: and then are you on the North side of the Querns. The markes hereof are, when you see a litle tower standing on the forelandes point, and an other on the Southforeland ouer against the third white downe at the castels side. But if you come from the North and will sayle within the Goodvvin, take heede you come no nearer the Quernes then 7. fathā. Then setting the south Foreland from you South south west, you haue the best depth: when the broad Tower is brought into Ramsgate, you are then at the Quernes: But when the windmill appeareth in Ramsgate, or in the valley, you are then on the South of the Quernes. But when you be at the downes, and the innermost corner of the cliffe be South Southwest from you, then the Quernes beare North and by East: and the North-end of the Goodvvin North-east and by North, and Northeast from you.
If you will sayle frō Margate into the Thames, shape your course by north the foreland west South west: then holde on alongest the coast west, and west and by north to the Reculuers, where a ship that drawes much water must staie for the tide, to passe ouer the shoaldes called the Lastes betweene a buy and a beacon, where is 3. fatham depth. From the buy set west north west, and west and by north towardes the Beacon standing northward, where you haue also 3. fatham water: and assoone as you are past that Beacon, it is but 2. fatham deepe at halfe floud: frō thence plie west northwest into the channell: holde then for the most parte towardes the north shoare, because of the Norre, which reacheth down frō the South shoare, and goe so foorth amiddest the riuer vp vnto Grauesend: But if you will backe againe alongest the North coast out into the Sea, shunne Blactaeil poynt before the middle shoald, afterwards plie Northeast, and northeast and by north vntill you haue brought a certaine Sharpe steeple in the middest betweene two others. The great spire steeple is called S. Matthevves Abbey. By these markes you may passe thorough the Spittes, within halfe a cables length off the shoare: then hold on alongest the shoare Northeast vnto the Nase, where two trees stand vpon a high hill: & when they are both in one, cond North Northwest, by the markes of Harvvich, vntill you come before the hauen: And from thence holde on northeast & by North to Orfordnesse, and so North Eastward into the sea. But when you shall be come to the Spittes, and the Beacon standing vpon the shoaldes of Shovv beare west Southwest. You are then in the Kings channel which lieth to the seaward North northeast, where at low water you haue 4. fatham.
If you will beare in with Harvvich, set the broad tower standing westward of Harvvich in the wood, Southward of Harvvich, and enter northwest and by north, and north northwest, vntill you are cleare of the fishers stakes. Then turne in westward or northward as you please, and anker in 6. or 7. fatham. About halfe a league from the northend of the red cliffe lieth the shoald of Bavvdsey. If you will enter neare Orfordnesse, hale along the shoare vntill Alborough lie north and by west from you, and then shall you be on the west side of VVhite Sand, and right against Orfordnesse hauen. From thence setting South and by west, passe by the shoald of Bavvdsey on the out-side: then hold on Southwest-ward, till you may see Harvvich open of the poynt of the hauen. Then commeth Bavvdsey to lie westward of the red cliffe: where is safe roade in 5. fatham. west northwest of Alborough lieth a shoalde called Abreknocke: from thence you haue vnto Galper 8. leagues South Southeast: And from Galper to the North foreland 4. leagues Southwest and by South, where the tide from the north and South doe crosse each other alongst the coasts of England, where also a north and a South moone maketh full sea.
In these coastes is very great traffique, but chiefely of English clothes, wooll, tinne, pewter, leade, safron, sea-coles, fire-wood, and other commodities, which these countries doe yeeld. Contrariwise all kinde of salt-fish, and great store of linnencloth, and other merchaundises is brought thither from Holland, and Zealand, and there vttered and distributed.
THE NORTH COASTES OF ENGLAND BETVVEENE VVALDERSwicke and Burnham, withall the banks and shoalds.
WHen Eston beareth Southwest and by South from you, then are you on the Northside of Couehith shoald. But when Kesland lieth west North-west, you are on the South-side of that shoald. VVhen Lestofs tower standeth Southward of the tree, you are then on the Southside of the banckes of Leistofe. If you will anker on the South of Leistof, borrow of the shoare at 4. fatham, till the tower be west, and west and by North from you, where you may cast anker in 4. fatham water. But if you will goe thorough the narrow places within the bankes to the brew-house, giue it a little birth of the shoare: then edge Northward, and North and by westward, and anker in the North road before the brew-house, at 6. or 7. fatham. And if you will out to sea thorough the shoaldes, bring the brew-house and the windmill in one, and crosse so thorough the shoaldes. But if you will holde on your course towardes Yermouth, keepe Suthon ouer against the North head or pierre, and the great tree southward of the flat church, and hold on so straight by yermouth shoaldes called the Holmes. Northwarde of the Hauen of Yermouth lieth a shoald called Middle-platt: at the west side thereof you haue 7. fatham water. Not far from yermouth lieth an other shoald called Rocklyn 9. fatham deepe, which you may passe by on both sides to the seawardes. There also standeth a broad tower on the Northside of yermouth, lying inwardes from the shoare: when you haue brought the same to the Southend of the wood, you are then on the North part of yermouthes shoaldes.
If VVynterthon beare South southwest from you as you come from the North, you are Southward of the shoald of VVinterthon. Thence borrow of the shoare at 3. or 4. fatham, till you come Southward of Rocklyn. To the Eastward and East and by Northward of yermouth beyond the shoaldes lieth a newe bancke, which hath beene there but these 3. or 4. yeares past, being of 2. fatham deepth, but aswell on the North as the Southside you haue there 20. fatham water.
Blackneie is a bard hauen, you must enter along the shoare, and in the entrie lie Buyes. Betweene Blackneie and VVelles lieth a shoalde called the Pol and Peper: At the west side of this shoald is the channell of VVelles, which hath also Buyes in the entry. Burnam standeth 4. leagues westward of vvelles, where is shallaw water, and the flats stretch farre into the sea. Burnam channell lieth inwardes by the shoare, and hath on the Larbord side, as you enter certeine Beacons. To the westward, lieth an other roade or channell of 3. fatham depth called burneham pits: about 3. leagues thence to seawardes you haue but 2. fatham water. If you will set towardes Linne, goe hard vnder S. Edmunds Chapell, leauing the shoalde called the Suncke, which lyeth aboue water a seabord of you, then holde on your course South and by west to the first Buy that lieth in the entrie of Linne.
The commodities and traffique that these coastes yeeld is wooll, Cloth: and in some places, wheate, Barley, Malte, Beere, Herringes and Sprattes: In exchaunge whereof much Salt Fish, and Linnen Clothe is brought thither, and vented especially at Linne.
AN EXACT DESCRIPTION OF THE COASTES AND CHANNELS OF Linne, Hull, Filey, Scarborough, with the shoalds and banckes adioyning.
IF you will saile from Welles to the hauen of Lynne, keepe the high flat tower betweene the two other high towers, then are you in the right way to Lynne. VVhen S. Edmunds Chapell beareth East from you, and the trees that stand vppon the innermost point doe come on the west ende of the Chapell, then shape your course in Southeast, and Southeast and by South towardes the first buy: for now are you entered the Easterne channell of Lynne: from thence hold South south-west, and South and by west to the first Beacon, from thence to the second South Southwest, and so forth vnto the third Southwest and by South. Then your course lieth by two buyes Southwest, and Southwest and by South, till you be within the point of the Land: from whence you may conde betweene the shoaldes to the west entrie or channell, and out againe by the Buyes and eye markes. This channell lyeth to the seawardes Northeast, and Northeast and by East. But if you will enter Bostons channell set towardes the coast of Skegnesse, beare in hard abord the shore, and you shal be cleare of the shoald called the Drosing or Ellen-knocke. when you haue brought the three trees Southward of Somcall or of the sharpe steeple, then Ellen-knocke. standeth so seawardes from you. And then may you beare vp alongest the coast of Leake in 3. fatham water into the riuer of Bostone. But you may returne backe agayne to sea betweene Ellen-knock and long sand, in 3. fatham water East North-East.
And if you will enter the channell of Humber, hale in alongest the Northerne poynt of Sprunhead, because the Southside is flat and full of shoaldes, but beeing entred a little way, borrow of the other side of the riuer towardes Grymsbie within the shoald, where you may ride in 6. or 7. fatham. But if you will goe farther in vp to Hull, keepe on west northwest alongst by the Southside to the furthermost ende of the shoalde: then turne Northward into the riuer, where after you are entered, you must hold west Southwest, and west and by South.
Bridlingstone is scituate in a bay, where is safe harborough for a North and a Northwest winde. Three leagues to the Northward of Flamburgh lieth the bay of Filey, where you may safely anker for a North Northeast winde, betweene the Peere, and Filey bridge, (which is a rocke that lyeth vnder water at a spring tide.) Scarbrough beareth two leagues northward of Filay, and hath two peeres, wherein you may cast anker, and lie on the sand at low water.
The traffique of these partes is Barly, Malte, wheate, and course Cloathes.
A PERFECT DESCRIPTION OF THE NORTHERMOST COASTES OF ENGLAND, WHERE THE RIuer of Newcastle is the chiefest hauen.
FRom Scarborough to Whitby you haue 4. leagues North west and by west, the Hauen or Riuer is barde. Southwardes of the Hauen stretcheth out a Shoalde half a league into the Sea. If you will sayle to VVhitby, beare in between two beakons, till you come between two landes, where you shall finde it somewhat shallow. Hertlepole lieth from VVhitby. 7. leagues, westwarde thereof is a great Bay or Riuer called the Teis. It is a very fayre Hauen and stretcheth inwardes to the west southwest. In the very middest of it, you haue 30. fatham water, but farther inwardes before Sockton, not aboue 4. fatham.
The Cape or point of Sonderland lieth seuen leagues northward from Hartlepole. Two leagues from thence more Northward is the castle of Tinmouth, on the Southside of it is the mouth of the Riuer of Nevvcastell. The markes to enter are, when two watche Towers, and the wood are brought in one, by these marks you may saile in and out, vntill you come before the Towne, where you haue 3. fatham and a halfe. But in the entrie only 2. fatham at halfe flood. Cocket Islande is 7. leagues from Tinmouth North North west, which you may sayle rounde aboute, and may cast Anker salfely at 4. or 5. fatham.
In these Coastes and specially at Nevvcastle is merueilous great traffique for sea Coles, which are transported thence to other Countries. It doth yeald also Barley, wheate, Malte, and course Clothes,
A TRVE DESCRIPTION OF THE SEA COASTES BETWEENE Bambourgh and Aberdyne.
HOlley Islande beareth 4. leagues North North west from Coket Isle, and hath in the South-side therof a Bay wherin is salfe roade at 3. or 4. fatham, but best riding is before the castle. Betweene the west poynt of the Staples and Holy Islande are 2. Rockes, one opposite to another, called the Plough, and the Goldstone. Bring Dunstabourgh one with Bambourgh, and so saile out betwixt them. Barvvick lieth from thence fiue leagues west northwest: if you will enter the hauen set the two Beacons on your starboord, and so holde on to the citie: from thence fiue leagues North northwest lieth S. Tabbes head. The Isle of Basse is foure leagues distant from S. Tabbes head, west northwest: whither from the farthermost poynt of the Staples you haue 6. leagues Northwest: From S. Tabbes head to May Island, foure leagues northwest and north west and by north: From May to Fisnes one league Northeast and by east. Basse beareth South west & south west and by south from May, two great leagues, and but one from the westerne shore. Brant Island standeth to the westward, and west & by northward of Bass three leagues, by the south side of which you may sayle. Three leagues westward of Brant Isle lieth Edenbrough the chiefest mart of all Scotland.
S. Andrevvs Bay beareth northward of Fisnes, where is salfe harborough for a western wind: from S. Andrevvs three leagues northward lieth the riuer of Donde which stretcheth directly in from the sea: & may anker before the citie of Donde: A litle farther in standeth a towne called S. Iohns: there lieth also a rocke called the Scaepe before the riuers mouth about halfe a league off the shore South eastward from Donde. Two leagues to the North Eastward of Donde standeth a high tower vpon the point called Albror: from whence lieth the hauen of Manros two leagues to the northward: where, on both sides is cleare ground: and you may safely enter amidst the channell: and turning vp northward may anker before the citie: from Manros you haue three leagues Northeast-ward to the cape or poynt called Seynhooft, whereon standeth a castell. And two leagues Northward from thence lieth the porte of Aberdyne: the west side is foule, but Eastward it is good and faire, enter therefore hard a bord the East shoare, till you come into the hauen: in the entrie there is 3. fatham water, and you may anker before the citie in 4. or 5. fatham.
From these coastes are transported course scottish clothes, frises, sea coles, and some barley and malt, which are the commodities of those portes.
A PERFECT DESCRIPTION OF THE SOVTHERMOST PART OF Norway, and of the coasts adioyning.
IF you will saile into the Naze of Norway, enter Westward thereof North northwest, leauing the rock called the Bishop boden on your Larbord, which lieth in the midst of the Channell: Beyng cleare of the same you must carefully as you go inwards beware of another Rocke that lieth vnder water: but within it you shall cast anker right agaynst a white Church. If you will enter on the west side of Maensounde sayle in North north east, but shun the Rockes, which lie vnder water on the starborde, about the innermost Isle. And beyng cleare of them, anker in .9. or .10. fatham.
But if you will enter the Clooffe, keepe the Cow and Calfe North north east from you, and sayle in westward of Melou, but shunne the rocke which lieth in the fayre mid-way. And let fall Anker in 15. or 16. fatham by the west shore within the poynte, and on the East side of Melou, you may goe to Schaersounde and Oedendale.
If you will beare in with the western hauen of Vlecker or Flecorie, Conde a longest the out Schaers of Heiligen sounde: and when the Bay of Vlecker openeth before you North north east, then hold in between the Island and the maine, anker in 15. or 16. fatham agaynst the Rocke, whereon standeth a payre of Gallowes. The Eastern entrie stretcheth inwardes west northwest: and you may see the Bay called the Vos open before you: Set al the black rocks on the starrebord, and the rock with the two high stonie beacons (which are called warders) on the Larbord-side, and so saile inwards. But if you will set towardes Repervvicke, keepe the two sharpe rockes standing vppon VVolfsound on the starbord, and the three warders, with all the rocks on the Larbord, and continue your course so in Northward: but being cleare of the poynt, turne vp westward where you may anker in 10. fatham.
The Easterne entrie of VVolfsounde stretcheth inwardes Northwest, you must leaue the great rocke to the westward, whereon standeth an high warder. In the Isle of vvolfsounde are three warders, turne in westward, where you may anker in 25. fatham, you may also passe betwixt the rockes to Old Hill sounde which lieth inwards west Northwest.
Amersounde lieth North north-east in, and you may anker behinde the Island, neare vnto the high warder 30. fatham depth.
The Easterne gate or entrie of Amersounde lieth northwest, and southeast, westward thereof standeth a rocke with a high warder on it.
The Isle of Hesnes hath two warders vpon it: It is there very deepe, but towardes the litle church is not so deepe, viz. 30. fatham. You may sayle within the rocks to Mardou. And when the little hills or Holmen are northwest thē you are before Mardou. The Isle of Mardou hath two high warders vpon it: holde on betweene the Nie-Holmen and the Island (where lieth also a suncken rocke neere vnto the sayd Isle) And being past the poynt, edge North northwest into the great bay, and anker therein 30. fatham. You haue in the Easterne entrie of Mardou but 3. fatham water, and it lieth outwards and inwardes East northeast, and west Southwest. Being within the Island, you may cast anker in 12. or 13. fatham.
From all these hauens are transported great store of Oken beames, rafters, railes, and all kinde of Oken woode and timber: and some sawed bordes, and planckes, which in the lowe countreyes are much imployed in buildinges.
A PLAINE DESCRIPTION OF THE NORTHERNE PARTES OF THE EASTERNE SEA COASTS OF NORway, and the countries adioyning.
IF you wil enter Tromsounde you may saile in beyond Mardou through the faire channell, on the Northside stande two warders vpon a high hill, where you may let fall anker, or sayle on farther to Mardou behind Trom Island.
If you will beare in with Oxefoort, keepe alongst vnder the rocke of Tromsounde, and goe first Northwardes: and hauing brought the long rocke on the Larbord, hold on still Northward: when you are a little way entred you shall finde a rocke vnder water, in the very entry, which you must bring on your starbord, then continue your course vntill you are cleare of the westerne poynt: where also lyeth a rocke vnder water neare the poynt. And from thence sayle to the west, and west and by North towards the high land, to the Easterne shoare, where standeth an high warder where you may anker in 20. or 25. fatham.
Betweene Oxefoorte and Santfort lieth Longen, on the Easterne side standeth a mast with a tonne on it: hence off two leagues is Santforde, thwart which alongest in the sea lieth a banke which in some places hath but 3. or 4. fatham water, and endeth about VVest Kiell. VVest Kiell lieth in Northward, and you may enter hard by the out rockes of Iofferlande, and may sayle about the sayd Island or anker behinde it in 15. or 20. fatham. Longsande beareth from that Island a great league North northeast. Kinges hauen stretcheth inwardes North northwest where is 30. fatham sounding: hale inwardes alongest the ragged poynt from whence the rocke called the Baers lieth not farre: but if you would goe to the Nesse being cleare of the great rocke whereon standeth an high warder on your starbord, you may sayle betweene the old Longsande, and the sayd rocke through into the Nesse passing by the ragged Isle: and anker there in 20. or 30. fatham.
From Longsande set East northeast to Farder, betweene which lyeth Larvvicke, Stavvangen and Tonsbargen. But Bast beareth Northward from Farder. And from thence shape your course to Anslo, Copervvicke, and Soen vvater, and so forwardes thorough the rockes called Lammeren to Braekenes which is a shallow riuer towardes the sides, where most part of the firre borde and timber is sawed.
Rogh point lieth foure leagues North northeast from Farder, the rockes called the Sisters are 3. leagues Northeast and by North from Farder. The Isle of Akersounde is distant from thence 5. leagues to the Northeast. In these partes lie the hauens of the Northeast countrie, where now a dayes is the chiefest taking of herringes, which was woont to be in Malstrande.
From all these hauens come deale bordes, great and little mastes, rayles, rafters, timber to make hoopes, fire woode and such like stuffe fit for building.
AN EXACT DESCRIPTION OF THE NORTHEAST COVNTRIES, where Malstrande is the cheefest Porte.
IF you will saile from the cape called Schagen or Scaw to Masterlande, shape your course East north east, till you may discouer an high round rocke or hill, called Bretto: towards which you must beare East North east, till the rockes called the Pater nosters be in sight, which you shall leaue on your larbord: And when you shalbe nigh the shoare, the entrie of Masterland will be open before you on your South side liyng Eastward and East south eastwardes: And leaue the Island wherin standeth a beakon or warlocke, on your starbord. But when you come to the poynt, then the citie lieth open before you, make fast a Cable to the Kay, and cast Anker to the Seawards. You may sayle out agayne Southward into the mayne two or three wayes.
If you will beare in with Calfsounde enter harde aborde the great Rocke wheron standeth a high warlocke: you may by holding on the same course, sayle into Coyhell and Bahuys: you may also set forwardes to the Riuer of Nilues: called VVinder, between the Rockes, wher on the East side you haue the mayne, and the channell lieth open before you. Right before the Riuer lieth a ragged Island, which you must leaue on the Larborde. You may anker vnder the same in 15. or 16. fatham, the hauen is called Reefsounde.
Two leagues Eastward of Reefsounde lieth the Island Malesounde which you may sayle rounde about. Consbaeke lieth from thence two leagues to the East north eastward: Monstersounde standeth also on the East-side of the hauen: and from thence VVaersberghe lieth 3. leagues to the Southward.
If you will sayle to vvaersberghe, bringe the Castle which standeth in the mayne lande South of you, and holde on thorough the middest of the channell between the Island and the Easterne shoare, but edge nearer the island because of the rocke vnderwater that stretcheth out from the eastern poynt.
There is also a blinde Rocke at the poynte of the Island, when you are cleare thereof you may borrow of the Northern shore, and there come to anker, for it is broade and 4. or 5. fatham deepe.
Parte of these Coastes doo belonge to the gouernement of the Kynge of Svvedeland, and parte to the Kynge of Denmarke. Their traffique is all sortes of Tallow, and such grosse wares, Skines, Hides, Barly, and great stoare of Filberd-nuttes.
A PERFECT DESCRIPTION OF THE PRINCIPALL PART OF DENmarke, where standeth the famous citie of Capen-hauen, the cheefest place of the kings residence.
NOrth-east and by North of Coll, lieth an Island called Swedero, which is like an hauen on the inside, but it is open on the Northside. If you cannot goe cleare of Coll, beare boldly with the sayd Island, & hold on streight within the great rock neere the church, where you may anker in 10. fatham and ride safely. From Anholte set South southeast towardes Zealande. And if by reason that the winde hangeth Easterly you cannot get into the Sound, hale alongst the coast of Zealand, on the backside of Haselin, where is good ground in euery place for ankering. There is also a great bay which is a good harborough ouer-right alongst the coasts of Zealand for a Northeast winde, where is 5. or 6. fatham water.
To saile into the Sound, hold Southeasterly in from Coll, but bring not the Isle of VVeen open of Elsenoers castell till you are cleare of Svvynebode. Then may you passe by Lappesande thorough the middest of the channell: and being past the castell anker where you list. Towardes VVeen are certaine places where is good riding in 7. fatham water, but it lieth farre from the shoare.
If you saile from the Sound to Coppen hauen, being come to the ende of the wood, you may sound the whole channell as you go vpon 5. or 6. fatham, and not faile to find the Buy: but keep still in 5. fatham. when the tower of Coppen hauen is Southwest from you, then are you come neare the first Buy, where you haue 7. fatham on the East side: holde on from the Northerne Buy to the other, South & by East: borrow of the westerne coast, if the wind hang westerly, in 6. or 7. fatham, where you haue also 9. or 10. fatham water. Set Southward frō the second to the third Buy, for there haue you 10. or 11. fatham & then are you right against Southolme, where it is shallower and narower: from thence continue your course south, to the Buy of Casperkine, where is 7. fatham water. The Fissher lieth from the Buy in Casperkine East and by North: the west side thereof is very shallow. Your course from Casperkine to the shoald or sand called Drakerriff is South, where a Buy lieth in 5. fatham water: but from Drakerriff to Steden South and by westward: and then haue you sometimes deeper sounding. But when you are betwixt Steden and Falsterborne, and the flat broad tower of Falsterborne be one with the castell, then are you at the poynt of the Riffe or bancke where lieth a Buy in 4. fatham depth: and there beginneth the Easterne sea called the Belt: and may shape your course thence Easterly towardes Brontholme. If you will backe againe from Steden towardes Draker, when you come neare Drakerriff, if the tower of Coppen hauen appeare on the East side of Draker wood, bring Draker North and by west off you, so shal you go cleare of the Riff. And when the tower of Coppen hauen is to sight a ships length Eastward from the wood, you are thwart of Drakerriff Buy: where you haue 5. fatham water. Your course from Drakerriff to the Buy in Casperkine, is almost plaine North, where it is about 6. or 7. fatham deepe, and there the channell is narrower. But from Casperkine to the other three Buyes, set North, and north and by west, where you haue 10. 9. 8. or 7. fathā water: when Coppen hauen is Southwest, then are you come to the North Buy. The eye marke of the other Buy, is, when the broad tower seemeth to be a shippes length off from the great Church of Coppen hauen: The third Buyes marke is when the broade and picked towers are one. But the marke of the Buy in Casperkine, is when the sharpe tower commeth ouer against Coppen hauen castell.
All the traffique of these coastes dependeth most of Mault, Barley, Nuttes, and store of some kinde of Tallow and Fatt: the Herring season there, is now little worth, which heretofore hath bene very great.
AN EXACT DESCRIPTION OF BLECSIDE AND CALMERSOVNDE lyinge at the entrance of Swethlande.
IN the Erthholmes there is a Hauen of 4. fatham depth. If you will set out from Santvvicke in Bornholmes towardes Ahuys, shape your course North and by west towards Hano. Hano is a rounde Islande, and hath rounde about it good grounde for ankeringe. From thence holde on North north west to Ahuys which lieth by a litle Riuer. Their comodities and trade is Maulte, Barlie, and all kinde of grosse wares (viz.) Pitche, Tarre, Tallowe, Hides. &c.
If you will from the East ende of Borneholme, to Kalmer, sayle from Borneholme North north east, towards the Rocke which lieth from thence 14. leagues: then holde on to Kalmer, first to the North-warde and North and by west-ward, but beyng cleare of the Riffe or shoald called Suydernorte, Calmersounde stretcheth inwardes North and by East vp to Kalmer, vntill you are cleare of the straight passages of the Rockes which lie before the towne.
And from thence plie to the hil called Svveets Yunckfrovv, north north east, and North and by East.
Suydernorte beareth towardes the west poynte of Oclande: From whence stretcheth a fowle rockie banke or riffe, South and by west, a league and a halfe out into the Sea, and in the fayre way by the South-side of Oclande, you haue 28. or 31. fatham water about 3. leagues from lande. The Isle of Oclande is longe and narrow, and hath 18. flat towers.
The trade of Calmer, and the countries adioyning, is Tarre of Svvedelande, all kinde of Fells, and Skinnes of wilde beastes, Salt, Hides, Goates skinnes, grosse wares, and some Brasse and Iron.
A PERFECT DESCRIPTION OF WESTERWICK ABOVT THE mount of the Swethish Yunck-frow, the beginning of the rocks called the Schares of Swedeland.
THe mount called Sweetse Yunck-frow or young mayden, beareth 8. leagues from Calmer N. N. E. and North & by East: and Silbuy is the first hauen within the Schares, from whence you may set betweene the Schares to VVestervvike, Flerbuy, and schelsheuer: for your way is fayre. The entries of Stockholme lie 18. leagues from Svveetse yunckfrovv North north-east: and the coast of Stockholme turneth vp East. The entries stretch inwardes, first North-east and by north, and after North north-east to Durhauen setting the rocke called VVigsteen on the Larbord side, and the middle steene on the starborde. The rocke which is called the redd Cowe lieth two leagues within the entries. And the entries of Stockholme lie inwardes from Durhauen for the most part North west, Northwest and by west, & North and by VVest to VViexholme. within the Schares of VVestervvicke is euery where good anker hold in 16. or 20. fatham.
The foresayd hauens are subiect to the king of Svvedelande, and in a short time are growen so welthie that now there is great traffique of all kinde of commodities viz. of Tarre, Barley, Mault, diuers sortes of skinnes and other marchaundizes, besides grosse wares and nuttes, but chiefly Iron and Brasse.
The famous Isle of Gothland part of the dominion of the king of Denmarke lieth vpon the coastes of vvestervvicke or Svvedelande, and is about 10. or 12. leagues off the shoare. The notablest port thereof is VVisbuy a citie in time past the marte for many countries, and much haunted by reason of the intercourse of factors, where al lawes concerning seafaring and sea rights were established and ordeined: but the Islande beeing impouerished and vtterly destroied by cruel wars, at this day liueth by husbandry. Notwithstanding there is still some traffique of Pitch and Tarre. It conteineth in length eighteene leagues, and in breadth fiue: hath eighteene villages with speare steeples. It tooke name of the Gothes, which did once inhabite it.
A PLAINE DESCRIPTION OF THE SEA COASTES BETWEEN Weiburghe and the Narue the farthest partes of the Belt, vvith their situations and commodities.
THe Isle of Somer beareth 9. leagues from Hogelande Northeast more Easterly. But your course from Hoglande to the Island called Putsfager lieth Northwest & by north: From thence you may sayle within the Schares of Svvedeland where you list. From Putsfager set toward Somer East, and East and by South: and from Somer towardes the Island called Red Hell North east, and north east and by north: you haue two Rockes on the Larborde in the very channell, called the Eastern and western Fishers. From Red Hell to Tralesande it is counted 2. leagues almost Northeast, from whence you must goe crossynge northeasterly in and out from Beaken to Beaken till you come to VVeyburgh, where the Eastern sea endeth. The Isle of Somer lieth neare the coast of Rusland, hauyng right agaynst it the Schares of East Finland.
The Narue beareth 10. leagues from Somer South east: leaue the Isle Tutters on the starre-borde side: when you come neare the Narue, you shal descerne a Maste with a Barrell on it vpon the strand, keepe that right ouer the woodden castle, and holde so alongst the shore into the riuer of Narue.
The Narue is knowen by the rounde hilles Southward of the Roade: and you haue from thence vnto Eackholme 14. leagues northward. About the North, and North and by Eastward of Telsbourgh lie the Rockes of the greater and lesser Hooft or head, about which are many shoaldes which you must avoyde. The lymie shoald or kalke grounde of 2. or 3. fathā depth stretcheth downe into the sea from the greater Hooft almost to Eackholme.
Vnder Eackholme you haue harborough, and cleare grounde on euery side. Lyfeland shoare all alongst vp to Narue hath no rocks at all. North west and by west of Hogelande lieth a rocke vnder water, aboute 3. leagues of the shoare in 2. fatham.
In these partes of Rusland and svvedeland, in times past none might traffique but those of Lubek, wherby they became very wealthie. For there are riche and costly marchandises, (viz.) All kinde of Skinnes, Furres, Hemp, Flax, Tallowe, wheate, Rie, and such like.
A PERFECT DESCRIPTION OF LIFLAND ABOVT REVEL AND Moonsound and of the coasts adioyning.
FRom the Isle of Nargen to the buy you haue a great league East and by South: and from the buy to Reuell two great leagues: not farre from the Isle of VVolfsound is a blind rocke: when the tower of Reuell appeareth ouer the point of the Island you are come neare the Rocke which lieth halfe a league Northwest from VVolfsound. On the East side of vvolfsound are two Islandes called VVrangen, you may anker within them in the channell at 10. or 12. fatham. A league and a half to the North northwest of them, lieth a blinde rocke: and an other halfe a league off plain North. The shoare of Lyfland is all cleare ground.
If you will sayle from Oegens-holme into Moonsund, keepe South southwest, and Southwest & by west, vntill you are within Osse-holme. Grasholme lieth a league beyond Osseholme which you may sayle round about or ride there at your pleasure. Grasgrond lieth a league within Grasholme in the midst of the channel: but borow of the land of Syburgnesse or Dagerorts, along by the little Islands a reasonable distance off, keepe within al the Islandes S and by E. and S. vntill you come to the westerne coast of Oesell nigh the great tree, where you haue 4. fatham water, sometimes but three. Holde on alongst the coast of Oesell foure or fiue leagues Southeast and by East till you come to a little Island, then keepe on betweene that Island and Oesell, vntill you come to the farthest partes of Oessell where is 8. fatham water. Halfe a league from thence lieth a shoalde called the Pater noster which you must sayle aloufe off. Then may you plie agayne Southward to Runen, which is an Island situate ten leagues hence in the great bay of Righe.
Reuell, being the moste famous Marte of the whole countrie, so flourished thirtie yeares past, that euery yeare there arriued and were vnladen aboue an hundreth great ships with salt, which were also woont to be fraighted there againe with VVheate, Rie, VVaxe, Flaxe, Hempe, all kinde of Skinnes and Furres, and such like commodities of good value. But it is now so decayed by reason of the continuall warres with the Muscouytes, that through the whole yeare there are scarce sixe ships laden: which hath bene to the generall impouerishing of this citie and countrie.
A PLAINE DESCRIPTION OF RIGHE AND PARNOVT, AND OF the Islandes adioyninge.
YOu must sayle from Domesnest to Runen 6. leagues East, and East and by North: and from Runen to the northeren coast of Oesell, where Moonsound beginneth, you haue 10. leagues North, and North and by East: from Runen again vnto Kyne 8. leagues East north east. From Kyne to Pernout it is 7. leagues North east and by East, where in the entrie you haue but 6. or .8. foote depth, the channell sometimes shifteth from place to place, and serueth only for small vessels, called Boyers. There standeth a litle towne between Pernout and Righe called Salles where lieth a shoald in 8. foote depth before the entrie, and serueth likewise but for small vessels.
Duinemonde of Righe beareth from Runen 12. leagues South east. The eye markes to enter the riuer of Duina, are when the watch-house that standeth a litle way from the castle of Duinemond is one with the great tree, and the southside of the citie of Righe with the poynt of Terspille. These are the right markes to sayle into the Riuer a good wayes, turne then vp sometimes Southward, till you come between both landes. Then borrow of the South coast to the poynt of Terspille, where you may anker in any place in 6. or 7. fatham: you must go by your Lead because the channell altereth almost euery yeare 4. leagues: to the Southward of Domesnest is a litle riuer where many small vessels doo lade.
In these two places thirtie or fortie yeres past was great traffique of al kinde of costly marchandizes which through the continuall warres with the Muscouytes is almost vtterly decayed. Notwithstandyng there is yet some traffique at Righe, for euery yeare thirtie or fortie shippes laden with Salt are there discharged: and aboue an hundred ships are likewise fraighted with wheate, Rie, Clawbordes and waynscot, wax, Flax, Hempe, Pitch Tarre, Salt, and drie Hides, Sheepe-skinnes, Furres and other like commodities of good valew.
A MOST PLAINE DESCRIPTION OF THE ISLE OF OESEL, WHICH lieth betweene the Belt and the bay of Righ, and stretcheth vp from the narrow entrie or straight towardes Righe and Parnout.
YOur course from Domesnest to Runen is 6. leagues East and by North: and so farre lieth Abbrick from Runen, whereaboutes are many dangerous shoaldes in your faire way 3. or 4. fatham deepe: But being past Domesnest, you may see it when you are a great league from Oesell. Aberburgh beareth westward of it, where shippes are fraighted with Barley, Mault, Tarre, all kinde of grosse wares, and diuers Skinnes and Furres. From Domesnest lieth a very dangerous riffe or a rough and stone bancke, a league out into the sea, Northeast, and Northeast, and by East. The roade of Oesell, lieth from Domesnest three leagues Northwest, and Northwest & by west: where in 7. fatham is good ground to anker. There stretcheth downe also from the South end of Oesell a riffe or bancke two leagues in length into the sea Southward, and South and by westward, which is both hard and roomie: westward from this riffe lye many scattering shoaldes and banckes which stretch out Northward alongst the coast of Oesell, where in many places you haue onely 2. 3. 4. 5. fatham &c. There are besides in Oesell two other hauens where shippes are laden: viz. VVyck, and another 5. leagues from thence Northward.
Hontsfort, beareth from VVyck eight leagues North, and from thence haue you six leagues to Dagerort North Northwest wherein standeth an high Tower, which you may see on both sides of the land. Betweene both these heades you may sayle to Hontsvvick, which is a perillous bay: for there are many shipwrackes by reason the pilots are not skilfull thereaboutes. Now that I may againe set downe the entrance of Moonsound. Saile from Runen North, and North and by East, to the North poynt of Oesell, and they lye ten leagues one from an other: but beare aloufe from the shoald called the Pater noster, which ioyneth to Oesells poynt: when you are cleare of it, you may see a little Island which you must bring on the starbord: hold on in 8. fatham depth betwene Oesell and that litle Island, then set Northwest til ye get another Island on the starreborde side, wherevpon stand two or three high trees, but keepe alongest the coastes of Oesell vntil you see a great tree: which being past, you shall perceiue many litle Islandes on your Larbord, which you must set halfe a league on the same side from you. In this place you may best consider by your compasse how all the channels of this entrie doe stretch: Oesell, is a rough countrie and very hard to be knowne by such as are on the outside of the coastes.
This Charte also containeth part of Curland, where standeth Dervvind the cheefest citie, yet knowne to few Sea men: and sometime (though very seldome) a smal vessel or two are fraighted there with clowbord and wainscot.
A LARGE DESCRIPTION OF PRVSLAND WHEREOF DANTzick is the chiefest marte.
IF you will sayle from Heell to Dantzyck, conde South and South & by west towardes the castell of Termonde, where you must passe through the olde entrie from the Eastwarde: go in between two Buyes, vntill you are cleare of the Peerres, called kysten: where alongst lieth a new entry which now is very commodious for litle vessels called Boyers. From Heell to the entrie of Kingsborovv, shape your course full East, where you shall comonly haue two entries (viz.) the one lying South southeast vp alongst the high land of Hanheer, the other E, and E, Southeast: But you must not trust much to the incertentie, because euery yeare they change their course, sometimes Southeast, and at other times inwards South Southeast, when you are within, there is a great Lake, called the Hafr, whith parteth it selfe two wayes, thone towardes Meluing, the other towardes Kingsborovv. Your course to Meluing lyeth Southsouthwest, and South and by west, but Kingsborovv beareth about six leagues East and by Northward.
Moreouer if you will set out from Righ heade towards Memell your right course is twentie leagues Northeast and by East: the entrance of Memell is 2. fatham deepe: being within it: turne westward, and being cleare of the poynt anker in 5. fatham water.
Southward vp lieth a notable great bay or Lake called the Haft, into which runneth Chronus the riuer of Memell out of Littuania, from whence commeth great store of flaxe: and likewise the Riuer of Dune neare vnto Kingsborovv: so that many streames doe meete in this Lake.
The Dukedome of Prusland conteineth fiue notable marte townes viz. Dantzike, Meluing, Brimburgh, Kingsbourgh and Memell, amongest them all Dantzike is held for the cheefest, where euery day is solde aboue a 1000. lastes of wheate and rie, and likewise Rafters, Pitch, Tarre, Flaxe, Hempe, Pruse beere, commonly called Iupenbeer, and many other commodities of great prise. The trade in Meluinge and Brimsburghe is of such like merchandises in great abundance: at kingsbourgh is the cheefest staple for dealebord, and clowbord. It yeeldeth also great store of VVheate, Rie, Flax, VVaxe, Hemp, Pitch, Tarre, Sope Ashes and like merchandises in such great quantitie, that it may worthely be counted amongest the most famous. And so also may Memell, whose traffique is most of Flaxe, besides all such merchandises as may be had in kingsborough. But I purpose not to perticularize euery thing that is transported thence.
Notwithstanding I must confesse that this is a most fertile and plentifull country, which God hath blessed aboue all her neighbours & other countries.
AN EXACT DESCRIPTION OF THE COASTES OF POMERLAND and the countries adioyning.
FIue Leagues from Ʋernorde lieth Righe head, and from thence to Serneuisse you haue 3. leagues: alongst the shoare runneth a small Riuer, which farther inwards spreadeth into a great Lake. And from Serneuisse to Liba it is fiue leagues where a creeke goeth in called the Osse. On the East side therof stande many litle rockes or stumpes, called VVollesaken. From thence vnto Reefcoll, (which is a high Mountayne whereby the coaste is knowne) you haue foure leagues and so farre lieth the Stolp or Gars-head from Reescoll, where is the mouth of a litle Riuer, fit for vessels of light burden. From Gars-head to Revvold it is three leagues: in that entrie called VVipper you haue 4. fatham. Colesbourghe lieth from Revvolde seuen leagues, where also lieth a litle streame or creeke called Radyng. Between Colesbourgh and Iasmonde are reckned 12. leagues, and do lie playne East and west the one from the other. South east and Northwest from Colsbourgh beareth the Island Borneholme, where you haue rounde aboute good anker holde. Eertholmen is distant from Borneholme two great leagues North Northeast.
Vpon the coastes of Pomerland standeth Stattyn the principal marte towne of that countrie, from whence is transported great store of VVheate, Rie Barly, Maulte, and the Beere of Mesons. There lieth also the Island of Rughen, which at sometimes yeeldeth great plentie of Rie, but commonly it is restrayned by the inhabitants.
A PERFECT DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW DEEPE THAT STRETcheth vp to Stattin and Mesound, and of the Sea coastes of Mekelenburgh, Lubeck, the Belt, Greensound, Moone. &c.
IF you will sayle into the new deep, set from Iasmonde two leagues South Southeast towardes the wood called Peert or Bock, from whence you must hold on a league Southerly. The entry turneth inward west Southwest, where you haue shallow water, both within and without: As you sayle, set Mesound on the starborde and Stattyn on the larbord side, where is commonly calme water.
Grypsvvolde is situate vpon the very mouth of a litte riuer before you as you goe in.
If you will passe through the Yell, which runneth neere Dorenbosch, keepe betweene the coastes of Barts and the Isle of Rughen, where you haue but 1. or 2. fatham water, and is onely for small vessels. This course may you also take to sayle into Mesound: at Barts you haue a little riuer or creek goinge in, which beareth onely Boyers and other small vessels.
Southwest and by west from VVitmond lieth Rostvvyck 12. leagues, and is a port for small vessels, and from Rostvvick to VVismere haue you 7. leagues Southwest, it is a good hauen for all shippes. Lubeck lieth from vvismer first to the west South west, and then South west and by south, where is a deepe channell for great ships to passe thorough, for the shoald or barre that lieth in the entrie is of 12. foote depth. There haue you a great Bay or a notable good hauen most safe for any winde, except a Northeast and a North northeast.
From thence beareth Femeren eight leagues, and your course lieth from thence South southwest and North northeast. The Belt runneth in betweene Longland and Laland: From the coastes of Laland stretcheth out a Riff into the sea a league distant from Langland: when you haue brought the Tower of Maschou Northwest from you, then do you strike vpon the Riff: wherefore shape your course neare Longland side in 5. fatham water, and so shall you goe cleare of the poynt called Laland Haecken. But when the sayd Tower beareth East Northeast from you, you are past the poynt, then conde Northward vnto Sproy, alongst Langeland. Vnder the Isle of Moon is good anker ground on both sides, albeit from the North coast there stretcheth out a Riff within which you may anker: and on the South side there is good harborough from a North northeast, and a Northwinde viz. from the Northeast to the northwest side alongst hard by the poynt, the ground is fayre and cleare from rockes, as you may perceiue by the charte. Geester-riff, lieth six leagues South southwest from the point of Moon.
This countrie of Mekelenburgh vttereth sundry sortes of Beere viz. Mesan Rostroyck, and Lubeck Beere, besides much Rie, VVheate, Tallow, VVood, and skinnes: In the Island of Rughen, which belongeth to this Dukedome, is good store of Rie.
Femer also is one of the chiefest places both for wheate, Barley, Mault, and such like things. Ouer against Femer lieth Laland from whence is carried at sometimes some small quantitie of Barley and Mault.
A TRVE AND PERFECT pourtraiete of the duchie of Mekelenburghe from Iasmunde to femeren.
A PERFIT POVRTRAict of the Sea coastes of Laland and the countries adioyninge
A PERFECT DESCRIPTION OF THE BELT, AND ALL THE ISLANDS, ROCKS, Bancks, Shoalds and Riffs, which are betweene Lalands Riff and Stephens head.
HOw Lalandsand may be shunned, hath been shewed in the former table: ouer against it Eggeford (in which you may sayle to Flensburgh) runneth into the Belt, which thwart ouer against Laland Riff is 6. or 7. fatham deepe. The North coast of Langland is fiue or six leagues Northward from hence: but the Sproy is not past three leagues to the Northwest from the Northbound of Langland, and you may sayle round about it: from the South coast of it, there trendeth a riff well neere a quarter of a league into the sea. The sound of Newburgh is distant from thence two leagues Southwest and by West: and it is roomy and large: You must geue a good birth off the Northerne bulwarke, because it is rockie. The entry hath 5. 6. and 7. fatham water. There is the kings custome payd. There is a little Island to the Southwardes of Newburghs mouth, called Frisell, that way may you sayle to Flensburgh betweene the Island and Swyneland: In the same course you shall meete with another litle Island called Omen.
Groen sound, or the Northbound of Laland, is two great leagues of Sproy: And Groen sound sloweth betweene Zealand and Laland: but hard by Geester riff it falleth agayne into the Traue of Femeren: there the Belt is 10. or 12. fatham deepe. The Riems lye two leagues North Northwest from the Sproy and asmuch from Knoutshead. Now Riems is an Island about the poynt of Finland, and can hardly be sayled about, for that there wants water at the West side: vnder it there is good road on both sides, in 6. or 7. fatham. The vttermost part of Swyneland lyeth North and by West, two leagues from Riems. From hence the Isle of Sampson lieth about two great leagues, on the South side wherof are many stragling shoalds of two or three fatham: Between the North poynt of Finland and the South poynt of Sampson you may saile into Meluersound, which runneth between Yutland and Fynland.
It hath many Portes wherein shippes are fraught, to wit, Flensbourgh, Hadderslo, Meluer, and many other litle townes as may bee seen in the perticuler Table.
From Riems Northwest foure leagues lieth a shoald called the Beltsack in the middest of the channell: from whence three leagues to the North north east, standeth a high Rocky Island called VVero: This course or channell hath 10. or 12. fatham. There are three or foure other Rockes or Holmes to the Westward: between which in many places you may sayle in small Boates, but the course is most perillous, because it is full of rockes and shoalds between the Sampson and the VVero.
About Northeast from VVero is Syro a litle Island: between these two is a most dangerous sande called Hatters riff, yet keeping on your course a quarter of a league of them, you shall go cleare of it: you haue 4. or 5. fatham water on the side next to VVero, but on the East side of Syro, you haue deeper water fit for greate vessels.
Rednes is three great leagues South and by West from Syro: and of the North west side of Syro there is a a Riff or shoald to bee taken heede of: Both of them in many places shew aboue water. Stephen head lieth from these sandes fiues leagues North Northwest.
The great Helmes lie from VVero and Hatersriff two leagues, North Northwest hauing 4. or 5. fatham depth.
From hence into Arhuse sound, your course lieth neere hand West Northwest: Arhuse is seated in a Bay which hath 2. or 3. fathā depth. Southward from Arhuse sound runneth VVedersound, between Yuthland and Sampson but euery where ful of Shoaldes: So that he that will sayle it, hath neede of good experience of this course: For it aboundeth with shoaldes and sandes. But between the great Helmes and Yuthland there is 6. or 7. fatham deepth. Stephens head lieth from the great Helmes fiue leagues, first Southeast and then North northeast.
Half a great league Southward of Stephens head lieth a shoald of two or three foote water, called Caleground: Southward whereof there runneth in the Grymsound, in which you may sayle vp to Grimstead, which is a hauen fit to frayght Pinnaces and such like vessels.
From the South poynt of Stephens head lieth Aelburgh sound, Seuen leagues off North and by West: In the very hauen or sounde there are two Buyes, and there is almost two fatham water.
On the West side of that Sound is a flat steeple called Hals, from whence to Haselyng (which is an Island neare to Codanonia or Zeland) the course is fifteene leagues almost Southeast and by east.
From the North coast of Haseling about two great leagues North east and by North lie the shoaldes of Looseground or quicksande, which haue not past foure or fiue foote water. The Island may be seen in the Wast of the shippe: if you set sayle from out of the Sound with a West winde take heed of these shoaldes.
But if you will set from Stephens head towardes Sebuy, you shall meet with a bancke of 6. or 7. fatham, called Sweetering thwart off Aelburgh sound: But when you are come so farre that the high hill behind Sebuy beginneth to appeare to you Northwest and by North, set your course North northwest: and when you haue shallow water, then haue you the right course.
The Riff or sand of Lesow hath 8. or 9. fatham water in the channell: but the shifting shoaldes haue but 2. or 2. and a halfe.
The Cape of Denmarke called the Schaghen or Scaw, lieth six leagues North and by East from thence.
The traffiques of these countries are manifold: viz. Suet, Fatt, and all kinde of Tallow, and other marchandises, as Filbeards, Barley, Mault, Wheate, Rie, and such like.
A PLAINE DESCRIPTION OF THE VTTERMOST COASTE OF JVTLAND, that stretcheth out with a point towardes the farthest partes of the North sea opposite to Norway.
IF you will sayle from Schagen called the Scaw towardes Sebuy, your right course lieth six leagues South and by west: Southwardes of it are dangerous scattering shoaldes or sandes, in 2. 3. or 4. fatham, but in the channell you haue 5. or 6. fatham water. The broade tower of Hals beareth from Sebuy fiue leagues South southwest, and South and by west, on the east side whereof is the deepe of Aelburgh. In the entry are two Buyes, and the Tower called Hals standeth on the Northside thereof: Aelburgh lieth three leagues from the deepe vp the riuer. Two leagues Eastward of the deepe is a shoalde called Svveteryn of 6. or 7. fatham depth, which you must strike ouer sayling into the Belt: for in the Channell you haue 10. or 11. fatham water. The Isle of Leson is all round about flat and shallow a good league into the sea, conteyning but 3. fatham water: but on the Southside the like depth reacheth into the Sea two leagues and it is beeset with bankes of 2. or 3. fatham depth: But from the South coast, where standeth a Church, stretcheth out a riffe toward the East two great leagues into the sea: within which you may anker in 6. or 7. fatham for a South southeast winde: There lieth out also from the Northside a riffe a league into the sea. Tryndell beareth from hence three little leagues to the seaward Northeast, and hath a shoald an aker and a halfe large and is scarce foure foote deepe: neare to the Northeast part therof lieth alwaies a buy, least the ships which come from Schagen should strike vpon it. The lesser Helmen beareth from Schagen foure leagues South southwest, you may sayle rounde about it for there is no danger & it is 5. fatham deepe. Trindell lieth from Schagen six leagues Southeast, somewhat easterly.
If you come by night about Schagen to sayle into the Sound, bryng the watch fier, or the fier beakon it self Southwest & by west from you, before you set South eastwards, for then standeth the fier beakon in the middest of the east towne, and you are farre inough beyonde the Riff or poynt of Schagen, which are the surest markes by night. But if you come out of the Sound by night, set the fier beakon south south west from you before you turne about Schagen Riff vp towardes Hartshals: when the watch fier beareth South southwest from you, you may perceaue the watch beakon fiue foote distant Eastwards of the easterne towne, which are most certayne markes to goe cleare of Schagen. But if you will by night passe by Schagen with an Easterly winde, take heede of the streame or currant of the Belt, for you may easely be carried vnder Norvvay where there is a deep, which you must carefully looke too.
Aelburg is the chiefest towne of traffique of this countrie, from whence is transported stoare of Barley and Mault, besides some Hides, Tallow, and such like thinges. The outtermost coast towards the northern sea hath a hard and dangerous shoare, whereof it standeth you greatly vpon to beware, for many shippes do there perish, because there be no Hauens nor Roades.
A PERFECT DESCRIPTION OF OF THE SEA COASTS OF JVTLAND CALLED Yotland and of the hauens, streames, riuers and Islandes therevnto belonging.
THere runneth in by Bouenbergen a litle creeke about 2. fatham deep at halfe floud: if you will goe in there, tary your tide, and then holde straight into the hauen as the charte sheweth you: and when you are within the poynt, cast anker where you haue 3. fatham at full sea: for within it is shallow and most commonly dry. If you will enter the creeke of Numit or Rincopen, and being come as farre as the shoald of Reef-horne, in 3. fatham depth turne vp Northeast and by North, vntill you perceaue Blevvberch on your starrebord: which lieth about two leagues Southerly from the sayd creeke: and on the sande side of the entrie are two white Downes: When you haue brought Blevvberch, East Southeast & bothe the white Downes are hidden almost Northeast from you, beare boldly with the Downes almost hard abord the shoare, and then shall you see the land markes vpon the North coast, which when they shall be open before you tenne foote distance one from another, hale alongst the shoare in 2. fatham water (if you list) with your Lead: But when you are past the two Downes turne ouer towardes the two land markes and ride within by the North shoare in 3. or 4. fatham. The entrie neere the Iap stretcheth inwardes, Northeast and by North, and North Northeast. Right ouer against the North side of the white Downe standeth a broad Tower, which you must keepe so, vntill the land markes be one: then by those markes runne alongest the Iap in: & it stretcheth most North North-east inwards vntill you are past the land marks: if you will go farther in, stay for a low water that you may perceiue how the drie Shoaldes and sandes lye on both sides for the channell is crooked and must be sounded. Rincopen lieth inwardes about three leagues, and there is eight leagues distance betwixt Numit and Sursuyt.
If you will sayle towardes Sursuyt or Scelinckeroog comming from the North ouer the shoald called Reefhorne in 3. fatham or thereaboutes, you must conde alongst the South side of this shoald in 6. or 7. fatham water vntill you see the land on the Larbord, you shall perceiue a gray Downe called Doodbergh, holde alongst the land (which is a low sand stretching from the East to the Westward) in 3. fatham depth vntill you are come to the farthest end of the sand. Then turne vp Westward, and being within the sandes poynt, anker in 3. fatham water or more. There lyeth also a riuer or creeke ouerright the corner or poynt of this sand, where a Boyer may enter in. Here is the chiefe place of fishing of all Iutland: where a ship without eyther cable or anker may be saued in time of neede.
From thence beareth Graevv diep, three leagues South, Southeast: In the entrie you haue at halfe floud 2½ fatham: Northward of the entrance is a poynt, neere which you may beare in 2. fatham: you may also goe in there by your plumet, and cast anker when you are past the poynt: For all the whole channell is crooked sounding ground, therefore assoone as you are within the poynt, cast anker. You may likewise take your course towardes Fanu, in 3. fatham, and so enter alongst the South coast. There lyeth inward a riuer or creeke vp into the land, wherevpon standeth a litle Tower called VVoer, or VVoerd, and on the Westside of this Riuer Boyers are laden: assoone as you are within Graew diep, there lieth a long sandy hill called Langleg: hale in alongest that sand and leaue it on your Larbord.
Knutse diep lieth from Graews diep, two great leagues, where two land markes stand vpon a drie shoald, which you must set almost East Southeast: and East and by South, and when they are one, you shall find the first Buy: from whence hold on to the second East Southeast, vntill you are past the land markes. Then haue you also on the Larbord side a little shoald, when you are past the same turne vp Northwarde toward the beacons and cast anker in 3. 4. or 5. fatham. There lie the ships that are bound outward from Rypen. On the South end of Fanu are two indifferent high white Downes, and are called the Southerne head. On the North side standeth a broad Tower whereby the coast is very easily knowne. About a great league Southward of Fanu, lieth a litle rounde Island called Manu, from whence stretcheth a flatt, about a league and a halfe into the seaward. As much Southward from thence beareth the Isle of Ryme, which is two leagues long: from thence two leagues into the sea is shallow water. The Diep of Rypen, goeth in betweene Ryme and Manu, which is nought and all flatte, and now a dayes not vsed by such as trauell to Rypen. Silt is distant from Rym a league: betweene these Islands goeth in the best Diep or channell of all Iutland, for when the water is lowest, it is 5. or 6. fatham deepe and stretcheth inwardes most East Southeast, and East and by South. On the Northpart of Sylt is an high redde cliff wheron standeth a church built minster like, and a mill. But within Silt you may peceiue a litle Island wheron standeth a house: and when you haue brought that house about a cables length Northward of the Northcoast of Sylt, and the blacke inland beginneth to couer the red cliff and to take it from your sight, then are you come to the entrance, and then sayle in East Southeast, vntill you are within the Rust, which is left on the starbord side.
And being past it you haue yet two other small shoaldes by the poynt of Sylt from whence runneth downe a violent and mightie streame towardes the North coast. In the channell it is 10. 11. and 12. fatham deepe. Then turne vp towardes the house almost Southeast, and you shall perceiue in Sylt a house which is the Admiralles, whether you must direct your course and cast anker, for there is safe riding in all weathers. But if you are bound vp to Lutk Tonderen, you must there take in a Pilott which must sounde the channell. Your course from hence to Tonderen lieth East southeast and East and by South: you may also go in by the shoald of the Isle of Ryme sounding as you passe in 3. or 4. fatham. There is also a little entrie hard by Sylt, which you may passe into vnder the same Island. But when you are cleere of the Rust, turne towardes Rym and saile then vpon the markes.
Your course lieth from the Vlie to Numit North Northeast more Easterly 40. leagues.
From the Vlie to Scelenckrooge, you haue xxxiiii. leagues Northeast and by North from the Vlie to Knuyts diep, your course is Northeast and moste Northerly 32. leagues, and this is your way to Ripen.
From the Vlie to Sylt your course lieth Northeast 30. leagues, out of this part of Iutland, commeth a great number of Beefes, Barley, Mault, Fatt, Suet, Tallow and such lyke.
¶ An exacte and most dilligent description of Eyderste, Ditmers, and of the Sea coastes adioyning, with their true site and distances.
TO saile from holy land to Liste or Silt Deepe, your course is North, and North and by West, vntil you are past the shoald called Amerenborne, which lieth out in vii or viii. fatham depth, almost west south west of the Isle of Ameren. From whence set North north East, vi. or vii. leagues towarde the North side of Sylt or Lyst: how this Channell is to be entred the former Charte doth sufficiently instruct you. There is also a little deepe, neere the South shoare of Sylt, fit for small vessels and fisher boates, which at halfe floode hath about two fatham water. On the South side of this entrie, lieth a shoald alongst the Isle of Ameren, and from thence stretcheth downe, almost 11. leagues and a halfe into the sea, where you haue iiii. or v. fatham. By night you can come no néerer this shoald then in 7. fatham water, for about halfe a league from the Island it lieth aboue water. And you may anker vnder the same in x. or xi. fatham: then may you sée Ameren almost halfe a league from you, East, and East and by North. But when it shall be north East from you, or north East and by East, you are on the South side of the shoald, and may borrowe of the shoare in foure or fiue fatham. Then saile in betwéene Ameren and the saide shoald North, and north and by East, towards the North Coast of the Island. But about Ameren you must goe with your lead vntill you haue brought it Southward of you, where you shall anker betweene the shoaldes of Sylt and Ameren, which are both drie at low water. There is safe riding in fyue or syxe fatham at halfe floode for any wind.
And if it happen that you are put to anker vnder the same with a ship that draweth much water, bring the north part of Ameren North and by East from you, and hold on to the North Coast of Ameren vntill you are cléere of the shoald: where you may anker in what place you list, because it is there déepe enough. This entrie is called the Red déepe. If comming from the sea you will saile in here, set the highest Downe of Ameren south East. Saile in betwéene the shoald and the bankes of the narrow déepe called Small Deepe, vntill you are come néere the Coast of Ameren. And borrowe alongst of the shoare in vi. or vii. fatham vntill you are past the north point of the Island, and set the Island South from you. But this entry is not for ships of burden. The Fishermen of Voren do vse this place bothe for their going in and out on the South side of Sylt. And if you will beare in with Small Deepe, bring the Tower of Pielwormen East and by North, and the highest downe of Ameren North. Saile in North north East by the out shoalds, but when you are within a little way, hold on north East and by north to Voren, kéeping the Isle of Voren on your larboord, and the north Maze on your starreboord side. The Small Deepe hath at halfe floode two fatham and a halfe. But if you wil saile from holy land to the Riuer of Heuer, set north east a litle more easterly: when you haue brought the Tower of Pielworme north East & by north, & a Cables length northwarde of the southern Koehuse, or cowhouse, you are at the outtermost buy. Thence hold on to the second north East, and north-east & by East and the tower of Pielwormen will stand north north-east. but continue your course frō the second buy to the two first Beacons north east & by East: and from thence to the other two middle East north-east: and then north-east and by east to th'other like markes, but all these markes stand on the starboord as you goe into the Riuer of Heuer. There is a foure square déepe stretching to Huis bridge. The entry of the north Heuer lyeth néere Suderoge which is a very lettle Island hauing three or foure rewes of houses in it: but at the shoald alled Quaghe it méeteth againe with the right Channell. There is also a safe Road betwéen Pelworme and Suderoge, but beare somwhat a loofe of the west side of Suderoge, for there lieth out from thence a small sand: wherfore saile in alongst the land of Pelworme, and you shall sée a gréene Island called Nubell, where you may anker on the west side in foure or fiue fatham, for there is safe riding for ships fraighted and ready to goe out. But if you wil to Huyse, you may set the Isle of Nubell on your larboord side, and returne againe into Huyse-deepe. There is also a Channell or entrie neere the land of Eydorsteede, leaue the shoald called Quaghe on the larboord side, and enter north, north-east, vntill you are past the Beakons which stande vpon Quaghe, and when you are come againe to the true Channell of Heuar, which lyeth inwards most north-east and by east, in the very entry of Heuar you haue iii. fatham water, but on the shoalde called Suidbalge onely two and a halfe.
But if you wil goe from holy Island to Eyder: shape your course east and by north, till you perceiue the Tower of Gartingen on the south side of the Downes, and north-east and by north from you. By these markes saile alongst by the shoald called Blaewart as long as you haue v. or vi fatham, where you may gage water. But when you haue brought Wisselen-beeren east and by north at v. or vi. fatham enter east south-east and east and by south, turning sometimes eastward, vntill you are cleare of the newe ground: for then will the Beakon vpon the shoald of the Hont stand south south-east from you. But when the Church of Taringhen appeareth a ships length eastward of the Village Ees, you are past the newe ground. Then hold on about a league and halfe north north-east towardes the Greene land called Coeberge: and if you are to take in any Oxen, hale alongst this shoare north north-east, bearing sometimes somewhat more casterlie to Vlckehorne: into the Channell called Doodebalge which you must warpe out of. But when you are right against the south side of Coeberge, there you enter into the Channel called Hetlanddeep which stretcheth down from the little Downes on the south-west: and from thence reacheth Eyder straight vp to [...]onnenghen, first east, and east & by north alongst Dinners shoare & then northeast to Tonnenghen. The depth of Eyder is almost in euery place like, and at halfe flood it hath v. vi. or vii. fatham. If you will from Eyder to the Pipe, set small sayle a while vntill the Church of Tatinghen appeare right to the most easterly house of Ees. Then saile betwéene the vttermost part of Hont and the shoald of Blaeworte, about a quarter of a mile: where at halfe flood you shall find two fatham and a halfe water: so holding on a little, you shall come to the Channell, of Pipe, in v. or vi. fatham. There set almost east south-east vntill you are past the Beakon, and from thence south-east and by east, somewhat more southerly towards the shoalds of Hunen, wheron standeth a Beakon, and there haue you safe harborough for any wind: you may also turne in northward within the Riff or shoald, and anker before Buysen. If you wyll goe from Buysen to the Elue: run through the Channell called Blacke stroome almost south-west, where you haue in the way two or thrée Beacons, set them on the starboord side as you saile out, and you shall enter the Elue néere vnto the seauenth buy. And then shall you haue Neweworke almost south-west from you.
If you will saile to the Elue from holy land, your course is south-east and by east, and when the markes are one, you find the outermost or first buy, and the Neweworke will stand from you south-east and by south, from the first buy to the second, set east, and east and by south. And from thence to the buy that lieth by the newe entry, east north-east, and north-east and by east. This buy lieth from the Neweworke south, and south and by east. Hold on from the buy called Coolton, to the fourth buy north-east, somewhat more easterly: from whence to the fift buy east north-east, and from the fift to the sixt saile east somewhat to the northwardes. The sixt buy and the New worke, lie south-west and by south, and the north east and by north. These buyes lie not as they were wont, but are newe placed in a rancke not far from the Newe Shoaldes: wherfore looke dilligently to your tide, about these foure or fiue buyes, for the flood entreth south-easterly through the new shoaldes, and the ebbe contrariwise setteth through the northren shoaldes: but you may sound the new shoaldes in v. or vi fatham (viz.) from the fourth buy to the farthest part of the newe shoalder from the vi. buy to the vii. your course lieth east and by south, and east south-east: and from the vii. to the viii. south-east, and south east and by east, and from thence to the ninth, where the shoald is called Kos, south-east, and south-east and by south: then from this buy to the shoald called Meem: south-east and by east, & from Meem to Crutporte. or the first buy which lieth in the open streame, east south-east: and then set towards the shoald called Pilgrimsand, or the buy in Doest east and by south, which you may saile vnto in foure or v. fatham water: from thence to Brunsbuttell hold eastward, next to the shoald of Saltshorne or Friburghe eastward alongst the north shoare, then kéep east southeast alongst the north shore, to the buy which lieth ouer against Steur, and then forwards to the buy that lieth vpon Rugero [...]tesande south-east and south-east and by east. This buy is right against Bilenburghe in the midst of the Channell, and there haue you also an other buy. Now kéepe on south south-east from Rugerorie to the buy vppon Stadersand, leauing the buy on the starboord and the Fishers stakes on the larboord side, from thence to the buy in the Channell called Willern [...] Vliet, or Luy, south-east, and south-east and by south: and so to the buy of Terloo east southeast: and from thence hold east-ward to the buy in Hanneball: but from Hanneball you must plie towardes the buy vppon the shoald called Blanckenewsand east, and east and by north: kéepe this buy aunswering to the great trée vpon Blancknewsand, haling northward alongst the shoare to the fyshing place, and from thence edge south-east to the buy that lieth vpon Bucht, so to Ecchour east by north, and where you haue 3. or 4. fa water as your course lieth. The Elue hath xiiii. or xv. fa. without the Channell, and a little from Scorton buy lieth Honts balch stretching inwards for the most part south south-east and south and by east to the Beacons which stand on the west side, but without it is wide & large and serueth for smal Vessels to passe by the shoald called Wadt into the Weser. Betwéene the Weser & Honts balch are two other Roades called Balgen. If you be distrest about the southerne shoalds called Sudergronden, saile to them in fiue or sixe fa. water. & after hale alongst by them but when you shall haue found a greater depth (viz.) viii. or ix. fa. and y t you gage water, you are come to the other shoalde. They lie both inwards east south-east: and all the shoares may be sounded vntill you haue a safe Roade within the shoaldes. The southerne or westerne shoald called Breebalge lieth a kenning from the Newe worke. If you will saile into the Weeser shape your course towardes the Islande called Wrangeroaghe in vii. fatham water: then edge north-east, till you haue x. or xi. fatham depth, where lieth the vttermost buy north north-west of Menser Church, and at the outermost part or end of Red sand. From thence hold on to the fift buy eastward which lieth at the head of the Red sand, and north and by east of Menser Church, on the north side therof beginneth the middle shoald called the Midleplate: betwéene which, and the white grounds you may passe with your plummet in foure fatham water to goe to the Elue. for the shoaldes called white ground are but thrée or foure fatham déepe The flood sets into this Channell or course by the Red sand southeast. and the eb contrariwise from the buy at the head of the shoald, to the buy that lieth in the maine Channell or way south-east and south-east and by south. And in the same way lieth also an other buy, and the course from the true deepth to the buy called Nolletton is south east somewhat more easterly: and this buy lieth at the ende of the high way called the Hoogs wegh. And from thence to the buy in Bolsserfile south-east a little more southerly, from thence to the wicker marke called the Bolbaecken, south south-east, which being past you shal finde an other Beakon, where you haue good harborough for a west winde. From the marke called Bolbaecken to the buy in the open Channell set south-east more easterly, or from the other sayd marke east south-east, and south-east and by east. That buy lieth north north-east of Longworde Church. And the Boelbaecken beareth northward of the same Church your course from the first buy of this shoald to the next, lieth east south-east, & south-east and by east, and it is at the end or foote of Cappelmans sand, you may passe on the west side of it in two fa. & a half at halfe flood. Betwéene these buyes are two or thre Beakons which you must leaue on the larboord, you may saile from the innermost buy of the shoald by Cappelmans sand, toward Waddens south-east and south south-east, then alongst the west shoare to Blixen, where is the Roade for ships that goe out. But if you goe to the Wester Weser called Iaa, hold on towards the Island Wrangeroghe in foure or fiue fatham water, and saile in eastward till you are past the said Island, where you haue the first buy at the point of Steenbalge shoald, which you may saile in by at thrée or foure fatham water, where also Mensser Church standeth south from you, from thence set east south-east to the second and third buyes: east and by south from thence lieth a buy called Iaa tunne: from hence you may almost perceiue an other buy in Weeser Channell, north and north and by east. From the buy vppon the shoalde called Mensser-olde-ort, to Scollich-ort or Huick-syll, kéepe south and south and by west: but from Huick-syll, alongst the west shoare, south and south and by east: and from Huick-syll to Sypkes sand east south-east and south-east and by south, you may saile by the shoald of Sypkessand but holde alongst the east shoare till you come to the passage, then turne westward and let fall anker: it is there large and wide, and full of little Islands inwards. The worst depth of the Iaa is of thrée fatham. But if you will into Harle déepe, set towards the Island Spickerooges in thrée or foure fatham where you shall enter eastward, and there you haue the outmost buy, from whence you may goe to the next, east, and east and by south: where at halfe floode is two fatham depth: and a little after you are past this other buy, there lieth a shoalde which you may passe by on both sides, and your course then lieth south south-west, and otherwhile more southerly to Fouksyle. There lieth out from the west point of y e Islande Spikerooghe a Riffe, saile in on the southside of that Riffe, at the entry called Ossebalche alongst the Island called Langerooche in thrée or foure fatham, but in the very enttry within the ryffe you haue onely two fatham water, but when you are come to the farthest part of the Isle Langerooche beare towards the riffe, for betwéene that and the shoald is 7. or 8. fatham water. when you are cleere off the should, hold on south-east, then towards the Wester Wadt more east, and south south-east. The enter course and traffique of these Coastes and Hauens is of many sundry kindes of merchandises, as Sope Ashes, wheate, Rie and Barlie. They yéelde also salt and dry: Mydes, sawed Boards, Timber, Pitch, Tarre, Hamborough Beare, Tallow &c. And many other commodities. But the chéefest and principall Marte of these Contries is Hamboroughe.
A MOST EXACT DESCRIPTION OF THE SEA COASTS OF FRISELAND, WITH the riuers of Weser and Emes, and of Scholbalch.
IF you will sayle into the Weser, shape your course towardes the Isle of VVrangerough in 9. fatham: but take heede of the wester VVeser, which goeth in neere the Island of VVrangerough. From hence holde on Northeast vntill you come to the first Buy, and then will Menset beare South Southeast from you. Menser church that standeth in Vrovv land, is square and hath no steeple: your right course from the first Buy to the fift lieth for the moste part East and East and by North. And when you are come to the fift Buy Menser will stand to your sight South Southwest. Then goe South southeast to the Buy that lieth vpon the Maller: and from thence to the Buy in the channell Southeast: and so forward to the Buy that lyeth in Bolsersyle, Southeast and by south: and being past it, conde towardes the South coast, where you haue two beacons, and safe harborough for a west wind. And you may turne ouer into the riuer of Iad, by the poynt of the red sand: for there lyeth a Buy betweene the faire way and the red sand.
If you will sayle into East Eames, it stretcheth in alongest by Borckomfriff, East Southeast: wherefore if you come from the East, bring the Tower of Borckom South and by East from you, and goe in towardes Borckoms shoare in 4. or 5. fatham: then hale so alongest the shore till the tower be South southwest from you. Then turne vp towards Iayst, for you are cleere of the Riff, so that you cannot strike vpon the same. And when you are past the East end of borckom called Hooghen horne, you finde high sandes on both sides: and on the west side stand beacons where you may sayle in from beacon to beacon: for so long as Norden Tower and the Island come not together, you incurre no danger in the East Eams: but when that Tower is one with the Isle of bant, you meete with a bancke or shoald called Kings-platt: wherefore keepe alongst the west shoare from beacon to beacon to Pelsommer shoald and you shall go safe.
But if you will beare in with the wester Emes, bring the Island called the Bosch south and by East, and the west ende of Rottom Southeast from you & the shoare marks in one, & sayle in so to the first Buy where it is 6. fatham deepe: from thence to the second Buy East, and East and by North which lieth at low water in 4. fatham: and so forward to the third Buy Eastward where you haue at low water 5. fatham: and from thence holde on to the other two Buyes East and by South, where it is 6. fatham deepe, and sometime more, as 7. or 8. fatham: vntill you come vnto Hubets shoald: and keepe then most alongst by the Riff to Borckom East southeast: from borckom vnto the Ranzeel South East and by East: and from Ranzeel to the Buy that lieth vpō the shoald called Ruyd, East Southeast. On the west side of it stand 3. beacons: from that Buy towardes Eamshorne set East Southeast where are two beacons betwixt: but when you are past Emes-horne, hold on sometimes Southeast, South southeast, South, and at last South south west, towards Groninger land thorow the straights, where also vpon the west shoare you haue three beacons: & from thence hale alongst neere the coasts of Groninger, southeast, and East southeast, that you may goe cleere of the shoald called Paep: which lieth opposit to Delfsyll, and appeareth aboue water at a low ebbe. And when you haue gotten Fermsum, crosse ouer towardes Knock least you strike on the shoald called Riddersant. And then must you keep alongst the coast of Eamden two cables length off to Loegen. By Knock is the road for ships that go out. But if you will saile into Scholbalch, you find two Buyes in the very entrie which stretcheth inwardes by the shoald called Peerdemart. Bring the shoare markes of the Island Schirmonick-ooghe in one, and sayle alongst the sayd shoald from the first Buy to the second, vntill you are hard abord Schirmenick-oogh. Then enter in South southwest and turne vp southward, and at the last south southeast to the banck. And so run thorow the channell toward Groningh southeast, and towardes Dockum south.
There lieth also an entrie on the Eastside, which stretcheth in southwest alongest the Island schirmonicke-ooghe, vntill you are past the beacons of scholbalch. And by the schelling runneth in boren diep, where you haue 3. or 4. fatham water: fayle in leauing Boren Riff on your Larbord, for the most part East, and East southeast to the coast of Ameland.
The traffique of these countries is not very great: some corne is transported from the VVeser and good store of bremer beere, crooked wood, and like things out of Oudenburgh, where Breme is the chiefest tower. The greatest entercourse by sea is at Emden: but such aboundance of Butter, Cheese Bacon, Barley, Beanes, Pease and such like merchandise is transported from Gronighe, and Frisland, as sufficeth for the substance almost of all the low countries and Germaine, to the great benefit and commoditie of the inhabitantes.