A Discouery by Sea, from London to Salisbury.
Any Ra [...] that eats Pye, is a Py [...]rat.
When past down the Riuer there was not any Post or Horne there, bu [...] since it is most worthily Repaired.
GOD, who of his infinite wisedome made Man, of his vnmeasurable mercy redeemed him, of his boundlesse bounty, immense power, and eternall eye of watchfull prouidence releeues, guards, and conserues him; It is necessary, that euery man seriously consider & ponder these things, and in token of obedience and thankfulnesse say with Dauid: What shall I render, and the man hauing thus searched considerately, the causer of his being, then let him againe meditate for Men should consider why God hath giuen them a being in this life. what cause hee hath a being: indeede it may be obiected that almost euery thing hath a being, as stones haue being, trees, hearbs, and plants, haue being and life: Beasts, fowles, and fishes, haue being, life, and sence: but to man is giuen a Being, life, sence, and reason, and after a mortall an immortall euer being; this consideration will make a man know that hee hath little part of himselfe, which hee may iustly call his owne: his body is Gods, he made it; his soule is his, who bought it; his goods are but lent him, by him that will one day call him to a reckoning, [Page] for the well or ill disposing of them: so that man hauing nothing but what he hath receiued, and receiued nothing but what is to be imployed in the seruice of God, and consequently his Prince and Countrey, it is plainely to be perceiued, that euery man hath, No man is owner of himselfe. the least share or portion of himselfe to boast of.
I haue written this Preamble, not onely to enforme such as know not these things already; but also to such whose knowledge is, as it were fallen into a dead sleepe, who doe liue as though there were no other being then here, and that their life and being was ordained onely of themselues, neither God, Prince, or Countrey, hauing no share or portion of them or of what they call theirs. But oh you Inhabitans of Salisburie, I hope there are no such crawling Cankerwormes, or Common-wealth Caterpillers amongst you. Nay, I am assured of the contrary, that there are many who (with religious piety open hands and relenting hearts) doe acknowledge that your goods are but lent in trust vnto you, and doe patiently beare the ouer-burthensome relieuing of many hundreds of poore wretches, which (were it not for your charity) would perish in your streetes.
This being entred into my consideration, that your Citie is so much ouercharged with poore, Here is an honest course set downe for the inriching of your rich, and the relieuing of your poore. as hauing in three Parishes neere 3000. besides decayed men a great many, and that those fewe which are of the wealthier sort, are continually ouerpressed with sustaining the wants of the needy, the Citie being as it were at the last gaspe, the poore being like Pharaohs leane Kine, euen ready to eate vp the fat ones: I haue [Page] made bold to write this Treatise ensuing, both to entreat a constant perseuerence in those who haue begun to doe good workes, and an encouragement or animating of all others, who as yet seeme slowe in these good proceedings. And if any thing here written by me, be either impertinent, extrauagant, rude, harsh, or ouer bold, I humbly entreate you to impute it rather to my want of iudgement, learning, and capacity, then to any presumption, or want of loue and duty to the Citie and cause, which is hereafter handled.
It is sufficiently knowne that my intent and purpose at this time, was not to make any profit to my selfe vpon any aduenture (as it is deemed by many) by my passage from London to Salisbury with a Wherry, His name is Gregory Bastable, and his ordinary place where he plyes, or attends his labour, is at the Temple, and there also plyes Thomas Estman another Wiltshire man, which went with me. but I was entreated by a Waterman, which was borne in Salisbury, that I would beare him company for the discouery of the sands, flats, depthes, shoales, Mills, and Weares, which are impediments and lets, whereby the Riuer is not Nauigable from Christ-Church, or the Sea to Salisbury. Which after many dangerous gusts, and tempestuous stormes at Sea, (which I haue recited in verse before) it pleased God that at the last we entred the Riuer, which in my opinion is as good a Riuer, and with some charge may be made as passable as the Riuer of Thames is vpwards from Brentford to Windsor, or beyond it; the shallow places in it are not many, The Mills neede not be remoued, and as for the Weares, no doubt but they may with conscience be compounded for. By which meanes of Nauigation, the whole City and Countrey would be relieued, loyterers turned [Page] into labourers, penurie into plenty, to the glory of God, the dignity and reputation of your Citie, and the perpetuall worthy memory of all benefactors, and well-willers vnto so noble a worke.
If you will but examine your owne knowledges, you shall finde that in the whole dominion of England, there is not any one Towne or Citie which hath a Nauigable Riuer at it, that is poore, nor scarce any that are rich which want a Riuer with the benefits of Boates: The Towne of Kingston vpon Hull in Yorkshire, the Riuer there was cut out of Humber, by mens labours 20. miles vp into the Countrey, and what the wealth and estate of that Towne is, (by the onely benefit of that Riuer) it is not vnknowne to thousands: but you men of Sarum may see what a commodity Nauigation is, neerer hand; there is your neighbour Southampton on the one side, and your deere friend Poole on the other, are a payre of hansome looking-Glasses for you, where you may see your want in their abundance, and your negligence in their industry.
God hath placed your being in a fertile soyle, in a fruitfull valley, enuironed round with Corne, and as it were continually besieged with plenty: whilst you within (hauing so many poore amongst you) are rather lookers vpon happinesse then enioyers: moreouer (by Gods appointment) Nature hath saued you the labour of cutting a Riuer, for I thinke you haue one there as olde as your Citie ready made to your hands, if you will bee but industrious to amend those impediments in it, I dare vndertake to be one of the 3. or 4. men which shall bring or carie 16. or [Page] 20. Tunnes of goods betwixt the Sea and your Citie▪ Now, with extreame toyle of men; Horses & Carts, your wood is brought to you 18. or 20. miles, whereby the poore which cannot reach the high prices of your fewell, are enforced to steale or starue in the Winter, so that all your neere adioyning woods are continually spoyled by them: which faults by the benefit of the Riuer would be reformed, for the new Forrest standeth so neere to the water, that it is but cut the wood and put it into a Boate, which shall bring as much to your Citie as 20. Carts, and fourescore Horses: besides, by this Riuer you might draw to you a trade of Sea-coale, which would enrich you, and helpe the plaine and inland Townes and Villages where no wood growes. And for the Exportation of your Corne from Port to Port, within our owne Countrey, as it is well knowne what abundance of your Barley is continually made into Mault amongst you: which if you had cariage for it, might be brewed into Beere, wherewith you might serue diuers places with your Beere, which is now serued with your Mault: besides cariages of Brickes, Tyles, Stones, Charcoales, and other necessaries, which is now caried at deere rates by Horse or Carts, which now you send in Carts, or on Horses backes, to Southampton, to Bristow, and to many other places: so that the deerenesse of the Cariages eates vp all your commodities and profit, which discommodity may be auoyded, if your Riuer be cleansed: and what man can tell what good in time may redownd to your Citie from the Sea, by forraigne goods, which may be brought into Christ-Church Hauen by Shipping? nor can it [Page] be truly imagined, what new and vsefull profitable businesses may arise in time by this meanes.
Our Forefathers and Auncestors did in their liues time in former ages doe many worthy and memorable workes, but for all their industrie and cost, they did not (or could not) doe all; but as there was much done to our hands, so there was much left for vs to doe, and very fitting it was that it should be so, for it is against common sence and reason our Fathers should toyle in good workes like drudges, and wee spend our times loytring like Drones: no, what they did was for our imitation. And withall, that wee should be leaders of our posterities by our examples into laudable endeuours, as our progenitours hath before shewed vs: we are their sonnes and offspring, wee haue their shapes and figures, wee beare their names, we possesse their goods, we inherit their lands; we haue materials of stones, Timber, Iron, and such necessaries which they had, (if not in greater abundance) and hauing all these, let vs withall haue their willing and liberall hearts, and there is no question to be made, but that our Riuer of Auon will quickly be cleansed to the honest enriching of the rich, and the charitable relieuing of the poore.
I am assured that there are many good men in the Citie & Country of Wiltshire, and others of worth and good respect in this Kingdome, who would willingly & bountifully assist this good work: but (like Gossips neere a Stile) they stand straining curtesie who shal go first: or the Mice in the Fable, not one will aduenture to hang the Bell about the Cats neck, So that if one good man would begin, it would be (like a health drank [Page] to some beloued Prince at a great feast) pledged most heartily, and by Gods grace effected most happily.
You haue already begun a charitable worke amongst you, I meane your common Towne Brewhouse, the profit of which you entend shall be wholy imployed for the supply of the poore and Impotents which liue in your Citie; frō which sort of people (being such a multitude) the Brewers there haue found their best custome; for no doubt but the meanest begger amongst you, is (in some sort) more valiant then the richest man: because the one dares to spend all he hath at the Alehouse, so dares not the other; for the poore man drinks stifly to driue care away, and hath nothing to loose, and the rich man drinks moderatly, because he must beare a brain to look to what he hath. And of all Trades in the world a Brewer is the Loadstone, which drawes the customs of all functions vnto it. It is the marke or vpshot of euery mans ayme, and the bottomlesse whirlepoole that swallowes vp the profits of rich and poore. The Brewers Art (like a wilde Kestrell or vnmand Hawke) flies at all games; or like a Butlers box at Christmasse, it is sure to win whosoeuer looses: In a word, it rules and raignes (in some sort) as Augustus Caesar did, for it taxeth the whole earth. Your Innes and Alehouses are Brookes and Riuers, and their Clyents are small Rills and Springs, who all (very dutifully) doe pay their tributes to the boundlesse Ocean of the Brewhouse. For all the world knowes, that if men and women did drinke no more then sufficed Nature, or if it were but a little extraordinary now and then vpon occasion, or by chance as you may terme it; if drinking were vsed [Page] in any reason, or any reason vsed in drinking, I pray yee what would become of the Brewer then? Some make a profit of quarelling, some picke their lyuings out of contentions & debate, some thriue and grow fat by gluttonie: many are brauely maintained by Bribery, theft, cheating, roguery, & villany: but put all these together, and ioyne to them all sorts of people else and they all in generall are drinkers, and consequently the Brewers Clients and Customers. Surely wee doe liue in an age wherein the seauen deadly sinnes are euery mans Trade and liuing. Pride is the maintainer of thousands, which would else perish; as Mercers, Taylers, Embroyders, Silk-men, Cutters, Drawers, Sempsters, Laundresses, of which functions there are millions which would starue but for Madame Pride with her changeable fashions. Leachery, what a continuall crop of profit it yeelds, appeares by the gallant thriuing, and gawdy outsides of many he and she, priuate and publike sinners, both in Citie and Suburbs. Couetousnesse is Embroidered with Extortion, and warmely lined & furred with oppression. And though it be a deuill, yet is it most Idolatrously adored, honoured, and worshipped, by those simple Sheepe-headed fooles, whom it hath vndone and beggered. I could speake of other vices, how profitable they are to a Common-wealth; but my inuention is thirsty, and must haue one carouse more at the Brewhouse, who (as I take it) hath a greater share then any, in the gaines, which spring from the worlds abuses: for Pride is maintained by the humble, yet one kinde of Pride doth liue & profit by another: Leachery is supported by the cursed swarme of Bawdes, Panders, Pimps, Applesquires, Whores, and Knaues, and so euery sinne liues and thriues by the members, Agents, Ministers, and Clyents, which doe belong vnto them: but Drunkennesse playes at all, all trades, all qualities, all functions and callings can be drunk extemporie, not at any great Feast, or but at euery ordinary dinner or supper almost, when [Page] men are well satisfied with sufficiency, that then the mysterie of quaffing begins, with healths to many an vnworthy person (who perhaps would not giue the price of the Reckoning to saue all them from hanging (which make themselues sicke with drinking such vnthankfull healths) I my selfe haue oftentimes dined or sup'd at a great mans Boord, and when I haue risen, the seruants of the house hath inforc'd me into the Seller or Buttry, where (in the way of kindenesse) they will make a mans belly like a Sowse-tub, and inforce me to drinke as if they had a commission vnder the deuills great seale to murder men with drinking, with such a deale of complementall oratory, As, off with your Cup, winde vp your bottome, vp with your taplash, and many more eloquent phrases, which Tully or Demosthenes neuer heard of; that in conclusion I am perswaded three dayes fasting would haue beene more healthfull to me, then two houres feeding and swilling in that manner.
If any man hang, drowne, stabbe, or by any violent meanes make away his life, the goods and lands of any such person, is forfeite to the vse of the King: and I see no reason but those which kill themselues with drinking, should be in the same estate and be buryed in the highwayes, with a stake droue through them: And if I had but a graunt of this suite, I would not doubt but that in seauen yeeres (if my charity would but agree with my wealth) I might erect Almes-houses, Let these Lines be considered if I lye or not. Free-schooles, mend highwaies, and make Bridges; for I dare sweare, that a number (almost numberlesse) haue confessed vpon their [Page] death-beds, that at such and such a time, in such and such a place, they dranke so much which made them surfeit, Let these Lines be considered if I lye or not. of which surfeit they languished and dyed. The maine benefit of these superfluous and manslaughtering expences comes to the Brewer, so that if a Brewer be in any office, I hold him to be a very ingratefull man if he punish a Drunkard, for euery stiffe pot-valiant drunkard is a Post, beame, or Piller which holds vp the Brew-house: for as the barke is to the tree, so is a good drinker to a Brewer.
But you men of Salisbury, wisely perceiuing how much Euill to your Citie, hath come by the abuse of Good drinke, you would now worke by contraries, to drawe Good for your poore out of these forepassed and present Euils. To drawe euill out of good is deuillish, but to worke or extract goodnesse out of what is euill is godly, and worthy to be pursued. The abuse of good drinke, and excessiue drinking hath made many beggers amongst you, to the inriching of a few Brewers, and now you would turne the world off from the Barrels, as I would off from the Coach-wheeles, that the benefit of your new built Towne Brew-house might relieue many of those poore amongst you, who haue formerly beene impouerished by the inriching of your Towne-Brewers. It is no doubt but they will oppose this good worke of yours, as the Image-makers in Ephesus did Paul, when [...] preached against their Idolatrous worshipping Diana; Tobyah. Arabians. Amonites. but be not you discouraged, for Nehemiah (in time) did build the Temple, although Sanballat and many others did oppose him, for as your intents are [Page] Pious, so no doubt but God will make your euents prosperous.
Now to turne from Beere and Ale to faire water, (your Riuer I meane) which if it be clensed, then with the profit of your towne-Brewhouse, and the commodity of the Riuer, I thinke there will be scarce a begger or a loyterer to be found amongst you: I haue written enough before concerning the benefit of it, and to encourage such as seeme slow towards so good a worke, which had it beene in the Low-Countries, the Industrious Dutch would not so long haue neglected so beneficiall a blessing, witnesse their aboundance of Nauigable Riuers, and ditches, which with the onely labour of men they haue cut, and in most places, where neuer God or Nature made any Riuer; and lately there is a Riuer made nauigable to St. Yeades in Huntington-shire, wherein stood seauen Mills as impediments in the way. And now the Citie of Canterbury are cleering their Riuer that Boates may passe to and fro betwixt them and Sandwich hauen: the like is also in hand at Leedes in Yorkeshire; Now, if neither former or present examples can moue you, if your owne wants cannot inforce you, if assured proffit cannot perswade you, but that you will still be neglectiue and stupid, then am I sorry that I haue written so much, to so little purpose, but my hopes are otherwaies; [...] blinde, lame, and couetous excuses be laid aside, then those who are willing will be more willing, and those who are slacke or backward, will in some reasonable manner drawe forward: And there is the mouth of an vncharitable obiection which I [Page] must needs stop, which is an old one, and onely spoken by old men, for (say they) we are aged and stricken in yeares, and if we should lay out our moneys, or be at charges for the Riuer, by the course of Nature we shall not liue to enioy any proffit to requite our costs; this excuse is worse then Heathenish, and therefore it ill becomes a Christian, for as I wrote before, man was not created, or had either the goods of minde, body, or Fortune bestowed on him by his Maker, but that he should haue the least part of them himselfe, his God, Prince and Countrie, claiming (as their due) almost all which euery man hath. The oldest man will purchase land, which is subiect to barrennesse, and many inconueniences, he will buy and build houses, which are in danger of fire, and diuers other casualties, he will aduenture vpon Wares or goods at high prises, which to his losse may fall to lowe rates: he will bargaine for cattell and Sheepe, who are incident to many diseases, as the Rot, the Murraine, and diuers the like, and all this will he doe in hope to raise his state, and leaue his heires rich; at his death perhaps (when hee can keepe his goods no longer, when in spight of his heart he must leaue all) he will giue a few Gownes, and a little money to Pious vses, a Groce or two of penny loaues, and there's an end of him, so that there remaines no more memory of him.
But this good worke of your Riuer is not subiect to barrennesse or sterilitie, but contrarily it will be a continuall haruest of plenty, it is not in danger of being consumed, or wasted, but it is assured of a perpetuall encrease. The names and memories of contributors [Page] towards it, shall be conserued in venerable and laudable remembrance, to the eternizing of their fames, the honour of their posterities, and the good example of succeeding times to imitate. Therefore you men of Salisbury I entreate you in this case to be good to your selues. Or else you may say hereafter, If we had beene Industrious we had beene happy: If we had not beene couetous, wee had beene Rich.
Now, to returne to my trauels and entertainements: as I passed vp the Riuer at the least 2000. Swans like so many Pilots swam in the deepest places before me, and shewed me the way: When I came to the Towne of Ringwood (14 miles short of Salisburie). I there met with his Maiesties Trumpeters, and there my fellows Mr. Thomas Vnderhill, and Mr. Richard Stocke, Mr. Thomas Ramsey, Mr. Randall Lloyd, with others, which I name not, did walke on the banke and gaue me two most excelent flourishes with their Trumpets, for the which I thanke them in print, and by word of mouth. At last I came to a Towne called Forthing Bridge, where (not many dayes before) a grieuous mischance hapned, for two men being swimming or washing in the Riuer, a Butcher passing ouer the bridge (with a Mastiffe Dogge with him) did cast a stone into the water and say a Duck, at which the Dog leapd into the Riuer and seasd vpon one of the men and kild him, and the Butcher leaping in after thinking to saue the man, was also slaine by his owne Dog, the third man also hardly escaping, but was likewise bitten by him.
From thence I passed further, to a place called [Page] Hale, where we were welcommed by the Right Worshipfull Sir Thomas Penrudduck Knight, whom we carried there in our Boate, and who I am assured will be a forward and a liberall Benefactor towards cleering of the Riuer.
So passing on our course by the Villages of Burgate, Breamer, Chartford, Downton, and Stonelye, we came at last to Langfoord, where we were well entertained by the Right Honourable the Lord Edward Gorge, (Lord barron of Dundalke, and Captaine of his Maiesties strong and defencible Castle of Hurst, in Hantshire) to whom in loue and duty we profferd the gift of our tattered windshaken and weatherbeaten Boate, which (after our being at Salisbury, being but two miles from thence) his Lordship accepted. And though he knew she was almost vnseruiceable, yet his noble bounty was such, that he rewarded vs with the price of a new Boate. I had some conference with his Honour concerning the impediments and clensing of the Riuer, and I know he is most forwardly and worthily affected towards it, and no doubt if it be pursued, that then he will doe that which shall become a Gentleman of his Honourable calling and Ranke.
So on the same Friday at night we came to Salisbury where we brought our Boate through Fisherton Bridge, on the West side of the Citie, taking our lodging at the signe of the Kings head there, with mine Host Richard Estman, whose brother Thomas, was one of the Watermen which came in the Boate thither from London; on the morrow I with my company footed it two miles to Wilton, where at the [Page] Right Honourable the Earle of Pembrooks, my Lord Chamberlaines house, I was most freely (and beyond my worth and merit) kindely welcommed, by the Right Worshipfull Sir Thomas Morgan Knight, with whom I dined, and by whose command I was shewed all or the most part of the admirable contriued Roomes, in that excellent, and well built house, which Roomes were all richly adorned with Costly and sumptuous hangings; his Maiestie some few dayes before hauing dined there with most magnificent Entertainment, as did expresse the loue of so noble a House-keeper for so Royall a Guest: vpon the sight of which house with the Furniture, I wrote these following verses.
Then was I shewed a most faire and large Armorie, with all manner of prouision and Furnitue, for [Page] Pike, Shot, Bills, Halberts, Iauelins, with other Weapons and munition, which for goodnesse, number, and well-keeping, is not second to any Noblemans in England: Afterwards I went to the Stables, and saw my Lords great Horses, whom I saw such and so good, that what my vntutour'd Pen cannot sufficiently commend, I am forced with silence to ouerpasse. But amongst the rest, the paines and industrie of an ancient Gentleman Mr. Adrian Gilbert, must not be forgotten, for there hath he (much to my Lords cost and his owne paines) vsed such a deale of intricate Setting, Grafting, Planting, inocculating, Rayling, hedging, plashing, turning, winding, and returning circular, Trianguler, Quadranguler, Orbiculer, Ouall, and euery way curiously and chargeably conceited: There hath he made Walkes, hedges, and Arbours, of all manner of most delicate fruit Trees, planting and placing them in such admirable Artlike fashions, resembling both diuine and morrall remembrances, as three Arbours standing in a Triangle, hauing each a recourse to a greater Arbour in the midst, resembleth three in one, and one in three: and he hath there planted certaine Walkes and Arbours all with Not a Tree stands there, but it beares one good or rare fruit or other. Fruit trees, so pleasing and rauishing to the sense, that he calls it Paradise, in which he plaies the part of a true Adamist, continually toyling and tilling. Moreouer, he hath made his Walkes most rarely round and spacious, one Walke without another, (as the rindes of an Onion are greatest without, and lesse towards the Center) and withall, the hedges betwixt each Walke are so thickly set, that one cannot see thorow [Page] from the one walke, who walkes in the other: that in conclusion, the worke seemes endlesse, A round worke is endlesse, hauing no end. I touch not the matchlesse adioyning wood and walkes of Rowlington here, whose praises cō sists in it selfe, my pen being insufficient. and I thinke that in England it is not to be fellowed, or will in hast be followed. And in loue which I beare to the memory of so industrious and ingenious a Gentleman, I haue written these following Annagrams.
Adryan Gilbert, Annagrams
- Art redily began
- A breeding tryal.
THus with my humble thankes to Sir Thomas Morgan, and my kinde remembrance to all the rest of my Lords Seruants there, My legges and my labouring lynes returne againe to Salisbury, and from the next day (being Sunday) to Langford to my Lord Gorge his house, with whō I dined, & left my humble thanks for the reckoning. In briefe, my fruitlesse and worthy lip-labour, mixt with a deale of Ayrie, and [Page] non-substantiall matter I gaue his Lordship, and the like requitall I bestowed on the right Worshipfull M. Thomas Squibb, Mayor of Sarum, with M. Banes, M. Iohn Iuy, M. Windouer, with all the rest; and more then thankes, and a gratefull remembrance of their Honourable, Worshipfull, and friendly fauours, I know they expect not, and lesse then such a common duty as Gratitude I must not, or cannot pay. To shut vp all in few words, I know his Maiesties pious inclination is so ample, that he will be graciously pleased with any of your laudable endeuours for your welfare and commodity, if you take good and speedy aduice, then no doubt but the effects will be according to your honest intendments.
So farewell Salisbury till we meete againe, which I hope will be one day: in the meane space I pray thee take this poore Pamphlet as a louing pledge of my returne. Me thinks I see already, Men, Horses, Carts, Mattocks, Shouels, Spades, Wheelebarrowes, Handbarrowes, and Baskets at worke for the clearing of your Riuer: But if my thoughts doe deceiue me, and my expectation faile, I shall euer hereafter giue small credit to their intelligence. So once more Salisbury I wish thee thankfully well to fare.
On Thursday the 21. of August, I tooke Winchester in my way homewards; where I saw an ancient Citie, like a body without [...] soule: and I know not the reason of it, but for aught which I perceiued, there were almost as many Parishes as people. I lodged at the signe of the Cock, being recommended to the Host of the house, by a token from Salisbury, but mine Host dyed the night before I came, and I being [Page] weary, had more minde to goe to bed then to follow him so long a iourney, to doe my messuage, or deliuer any commendations: but the whole Citie seemed almost as dead as mine Host, and it may be they were all at Haruest worke: but I am sure I walked from the one end of it to the other, and saw not 30. people of all sorts: So that I thinke if a man should goe to Winchester for a Goose, he might lose his labour for a Trader cannot liue there, by venting such commodities.
On Friday I gallop'd a foote pace one and twenty miles, from Winchester to Farneham; where I and one of my company hired a couple of Hampshiere Ienets with seauen legs, and three eyes betwixt them, vpon whom wee hobled seauenteene miles, to Stanes, whence on Saturday the 23. of August we footed it to Brentfoord, and Boated it to LonDON.