Accedence Long accidence. 1495 Approx. 44 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 15 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2008-09 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A12856 STC 23153.5 ESTC S117924 99853133 99853133 18501

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 Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A12856) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 18501) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 61:29) Accedence Long accidence. Stanbridge, John, 1463-1510, attributed name. Donatus, Aelius, attributed name. [28] p. In Caxtons hous by wynkyn de worde, [Prynted at westmynstre : [1499]] Sometimes attributed to John Stanbridge and to Aelius Donatus. Place of publication and printer's name from colophon; publication date conjectured by STC. Signatures: A B⁴. Formerly STC 7010. Identified as STC 7010 on UMI microfilm reel 61. Reproduction of the original in the Bodleian Library.

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¶Accedence.

HOw many partis of reaſon ben there (eyght) whiche .viij. Nowne / Pronowne / Verbe / Aduerbe / Partycyple / Cōiunccion / prepoſicion / Interieccyō ¶How many ben declynyd. & how many ben vndeclynyd. Four ben declynyd / and foure ben vndeclynyd. ¶Whiche foure ben declynyd. Nowne. Pronowne. Verbe and Partyciple. Whiche foure ben vndeclynyd. Aduerbe. Coniunccyon. Prepoſicyon and Interieccyon. ¶How many ben declynyd with caſe. and how many without caſe. Thre ben declynyd with caſe / and one without caſe. ¶Whiche thre ben declynyd with caſe. Nowne Verbe and Particyple. ben declynyd with caſe. And Verbe onely withoute caſe. ¶How knoweſt a nown for all maner thyng that a man may ſee fele. Here▪ or vnderſtonde that berith the name of a thyng is a nown ¶How many maner of nowns ben there (tow Whiche two) A nown ſubſtantyf & a nown adiectyf ¶How knowe ye a nowne ſubſtantyf / For he may ſtande by hymſelf without helpe of a nother worde & is declynyd in latyne with one artycle or with two at the mooſt in one caſe. (As hic Magiſter. hic et hec ſacerdos. ¶How knowe ye a nowne adiectyf. For he may not ſtande by hymſelfe withoute helpe of a nother worde / and is declynyd in latyne with thre artycles / or with thre dyuers endynges in one caſe. as ntō hic & hec & hoc felix. (Bonus bona bonum) ¶How many thynges longe to a nowne / Sixe / whiche ſixe) Qualyte / comparyſon / gendre / nombre / fygure / & caſe ¶What is a qualyte in a nowne. A properte by the whiche a nowne accordyth onely to one thynge. As Adā / or to many thyngys as men. ¶How knoweſt a qualyte in a nowne. A qualyte in a nowne is a properte by ye whiche one thyng is lykened to a nother / as fayre / whyte / blacke ¶How many degrees of cō paryſon ben there. thre. whiche .iij. Poſityf / cōparatif & ſuperlatyf. ¶How knoweſt the poſityf degree. for he is foūder & groūder of all other degrees of cōparyſon without makyng more or leſſe / as-fayr / white & blacke. ¶How knoweſt the cōparatyf degree. For he paſſyth his poſityf with this aduerbe more. & his englyſſh endyth in r. as mor wyſe or wyſer. How knoweſt ye ſuperlatyf degree For he paſſyth his poſytyf with his aduerbe mooſt & his englyſſh endyth in eſt / as mooſt wyſe or wyſeſt ¶what nownes receyuen cō pariſon ſuche nownes adiectiues yt may be made more or leſſe. as fayre fayrer fayreſt. ¶Of whō ſhall ye poſytyf degree be fourmed. he is not fourmed / but al other degrees of cōparyſon ben formed of hȳ. ¶Of whom ſhal ye cōparatyf degree be fourmed / of his poſityf. of what caſe / ſomtyme of ye genityf & ſomtyme of ye datyf. ¶Whan ſhall it be fourmed of ye genitif caſe. euer more whan his poſityf degree is ye fyrſt declenſon & ye ſecōde. by puttyng to this terminacōn or. as docti) put therto or & it woll be (doctior ¶Out of this rule ben out take in excepcyons. The fyrſt excepcyon is of thyſe two nownes (Dexter & ſiniſter) makyng (dexterior & ſiniſterior) & nownes yt enden in cus as Amicus amicicior (magnificus magnificencior.)

¶Si tibi declinet poſitiuū norma ſecunde ¶Taliter inde gradū debes formare ſecundū: ¶I breuias quam dat gtūs & or ſuperaddes ¶Tolle ſiniſterior / cui dexterior ſociatur ¶Quod tibi prebet icus his iūgas-teſtis amicus)

¶The ſeconde excepcyon is of thyſe fyue nownes) bonus. malus. magnus. paruus. & multus) that make the comparatyf degree vnruly. ¶Verſus

¶Res bona res melior. res optima. res mala. peior ¶Peſſima. res magna res maior maxima rerum ¶Parua minor minima. dic multꝰ plurimꝰ addes ¶Plurimus & multus / ſic comparat abſ que ſecūdo

¶The thyrde excepcion is whan his poſityf endith in Ius in eus in uus or in uis. then̄e the comparatyf degree ſhall be fulfylled with his poſytyf & this aduerbe magis (as pius magis pius pijſſimus. Tenuis magis tenuis tenuiſſimus. ¶Vnde verſus

¶Quod fit ius vel eus uus aut uis or caruere ¶Per magis et piū quod comparat inſtituere

¶The cōparatyf degree ſhall be fourmed of the datyf caſe / euer more whā his poſitif degree is the thyr de declenſon / by puttynge this termynacyon or. (As Ntō hic hec hoc felix. Gtō felicis. Dtō felici. put therto an or. than it woll be (felicior) ¶Out of this rule take Iuuenis. makynge Iunior) Potis pocior Nequā nequior.) And wordes of the thyrde declenſon yt ben conteyned in this verſe aboue. Quod fit ius &c̄.

¶Of whom ſhall the ſuperlatyf degree be fourmed Of his poſityf degree. Of what caſe / Somtyme of the nominatyf caſe / & ſomtyme of ye genytyf caſe / & ſomtyme of the datyf caſe. ¶Whan ſhal he be fourmed of ye nominatyf caſe / euermore whan his poſitif endyth in r lyttre / by puttyng to this terminacōn (rimus as niger) put therto a rimus) and it woll be (nigerrimus) Out of this rule ben out take (memor that maketh (memoriſſimus) Dexter) that maketh dexterimus and dextimus) Siniſter maketh (ſiniſteri mus & ſiniſtimus. Alſo thees nownes (nuperus vetus & maturus) & this worde (Detero) that fourmyth the ſuperlatyf degree in / rimꝰ (as nuperimus (veterimus maturimus & deterimus. ¶Vnde verſus

¶Cum rectus tenet r poteris rimus addere ſemꝑ ¶In rimus at que timus dexter ve ſiniſter habetur ¶Et memor excipet memoriſſimus hinc reperit. ¶Nuperus at que vetus maturus detero iungis

Alſo the ſuperlatyf degree ſhal be fourmyd of the noīatyf caſe in thies. v. nownes (agilis facilis gracil humilis & ſimilis) with theyr cōpoundys by doynge away is & by puttȳg to limꝰ) as agilis) doe away is & put therto limꝰ) & it woll be agillimꝰ) w double ll

¶Dat tibi quin que limus que ſignat dictio fagus ¶Hec agilis gracilis humilis ſimilis faciliſ que

¶Et ſua compoſita que duplici Il ſunt habenda The ſuperlatyf degree ſhal be fourmed of ye genytif caſe / whan his poſityf is ye fyrſt declenſon / & ye ſecōde by puttyng to this littre (ſ & ſimus) as ntō albus. a. ū / Gtō albi albe albi-put therto (ſ & ſimus) and it woll be albiſſimus. ¶Out of this rule ben out take thiſe wordes yt ben conteyned in this verſe (Res bona &c.) and this worde proximus. & other more yt ben cōteyned in thyſe verſe folowynge / yt ſomtyme ben of the poſytyf degree / & ſomtyme of the ſuperiatyf degree. And whan they ben of the poſytyf degre they locke the ſuperlatyf degree / as proximus proximior / ¶Vn̄.

Proximus extremus quibꝰ intimus adde ſupremꝰ ¶Infimus addatur duplex gradus his tribuat. ¶Poſtremus ſequitur auctoribus vt reperitur.

¶The ſuperlatyf dygree ſhalbe fourmed of ye datif caſe / whan his poſityf is the thyrde declenſon. by put tynge to this lettre. ſ. & this termynacyon. ſimus. As Ntō hic hec hoc ſapiens. Gtō sapiētis / Dtō ſapienti put therto / ſ and ſimus / & it woll be / ſapientiſſimus) ¶Out of this rule ben oute take thyſe thre nownes / Iuuenis adoleſcens & Senex / & thyſe two aduerbes Ante & ſubter / that lacke the ſuperlatyf degree ¶Vn̄

¶Ante ſenex Iuuenis adoleſcens ſubter que addis. ¶Sola quidem ſolis vtuntur comparatiuis

¶How many prepoſycyons or aduerbes ben ſet in ye ſtede of the poſityf degree / all thyſe folowyng verſes

¶Bis ſeptem dicas aduerbia prepoſitaſ ve ¶Quas noſtri patres poſuere loco poſitiui ¶Ante citra prope poſt extra ſupra que vel in fra. ¶Intra nuper vltra que pridem penituſ que

Whiche ben the cōparatiuys yt ben euyn in ſyllables with theyr poſityf / that ben conteyned in thyſe verſe

¶Iunior & maior peior & prior & minor-iſta ¶Et non plura-ſuis equalia ſunt politiuis

¶Plus minus eſt primo ſunt hec in pectoris imo) With what caſe woll the poſytyf degree be cōſtrued with noīatyf caſe by ye ſtrenghte of his degree. but by the vertue of his ſygnyfycacyon / he may be cōſtrued with all caſes / out take the nominatyf & the vocatyf With a genityf (as magiſter eſt dignus laudis) with a datyf caſe. as (ſum ſimilis patri meo) With a accuſatyf caſe. as (ſum albus faciem) With a ablatif caſe as (ſum dignus laude. ¶With what caſe ſhal the cō paratyf degree be cōſtrued / with by ye ſtrenght of his degree / he may be cōſtrued with an ablatyf caſe of eyther nombre / as (ſum doctior illo vel illis) Or with a noīatyf caſe with this coniunccyon. ꝙ.) comynge betwene. as Ego ſum doctior ꝙ ille) Or with a nother oblyque caſe. as (Michi opponitur difficilius quam tibi) ¶With what caſe woll the ſuperlatyf degree be conſtrued / wt a genytyf caſe yt betokeneth but two thynges / as (ego ſum pauperrimꝰ ſocio rum meo rum ) then̄e the ſuperlatif degree may be chaūgyd into the cōparatif as in this reaſon / I am wyſeſt of thyſe twen (ego ſū pauperior iſto rum duo rum Alſo the ſuperlatyf degree ſhal accorde in gendre with the genytyf caſe yt-foloweth:

¶Omne ſuperlatiuū genitiuo ſit ſociatum ¶At que ſuo generi conforme cupit retinere: ¶Vt patet verum ſic deus eſt optima rerum

¶Alſo the ſuperlatyf degree may be cōſtrued with a genytyf caſe ſynguler of a nown collectyf. as Salomon fuit ſapiētiſſimus populi. ¶A nowne collectyf is yt nowne / yt in the ſynguler nombre ſygnyfyeth a multytude. And ben thyſe ¶Verſus

¶Sūt collectiua populus gens plebs quo que turba ¶Turma phallanx legio cuneꝰ ſociare memēto

¶Alſo the comparatyf degree may be conſtrued by the vertue of his ſygnyfycacyon wi • h all caſes yt his poſytyues may / whyle they be of one partye of reaſō

¶Quā vult ſtructurā gradus offerri ſibi primus ¶Illā naturā vult quiſ que ſecūdus & Imus ¶Quod ſapias verum dū parte manet in eadem ¶Tu prope ſiſte forū recte ſermone feretur ¶Sta propiuſ que tho rum nulla ratione tenetur.

Alſo nownes of the cōparatif degree ben the comyn gendre of. ij. out take (ſenex & ſenior) yt ben onely the maſculyne gendre in voyce / & comyn in ſygnificacōn

¶Comparatiuis in or ſemper cōmunis habetur ¶Mas tantū ſenior cui femininū prohibetur) ¶Adiectiua ſenex ſenior que ſimul recitetur ¶Hic tm̄ ſumūt generis tamen omnis habetur. ¶I vel e poſtulat or / ſed dic tantū ſeniore)

How many gendres ben there in a nowne (vij) whiche .vij The maſculyne / the feminyne / the neutre / the comyn of .ij. the comyn of .iij. the epycene. the dubyn. ¶How knoweſt the maſculyne gendre / for he is declyned with hic / as (Hic magiſter.) ¶How knoweſt the feminyne gendre. For he is declyned with hec / as noīatiuo hec muſa. ¶How knoweſt the neutre gendre. For he is declyned with hoc / as (ntō hoc ſcamnū ¶How knoweſt the comyn gendre of .ij. for he is declyned with. hic and hec. as (Ntō hic & hec ſacerdos. ¶How knoweſt the comyn gendre of .iij. for he is declyned with hic hec & hoc (as ntō hic & hec & hoc felix ¶How knoweſt ye dubyn gendre. For he is declyned with hic and hec and a vel comynge bytwene / as hic vel hec dies / for a daye. ¶And thies nownes in thyſe verſes ben the dubyn gendre. ¶Verſus

¶Margo dieſ que ſilex finis clunis quo que cortex ¶Hec veteres vere dubij generis poſuere ¶Dama que panthera dicas epychena manere.

¶How knoweſt the epycene gendre. For vndre one voyce and vndre one article he comprehendyth bothe male and female / as hic paſſer) a ſparow / hec aquila an egle. ¶What nownes ben of the epycene gendre. Nownes of ſmale byrdes whoſe dyſcrecion of kynde may not lyghtly be knowen. ¶And thyſe nownes folowynge ben of the epycene gendre. ¶Verſus

¶Paſſer muſtela miluus dicas epyoena ¶Talpa que cum Dama-iungitur his aquila

¶How many nombres ben there. Two / whiche two the ſynguler nombre. & ye plurel nombre. How knoweſt the ſynguler nombre. For he ſpekyth but to one thyng / as a man. ¶How knoweſt the plurel nombre For he ſpekyth to many thynges / as men. How many fygures ben there. thre. whiche .iij. Symple. Compoūde & decōpoūde. Symple as (magnus) Cōpoūde as (magnanimus. Decōpounde as. magnanimitas: ¶How many caſes ben there. Sixe. whiche ſyxe. the Nomynatyf caſe. ye Genytyf. ye datyf. ye Accuſatyf. ye Vocatyf. & ye ablatyf. ¶How knoweſt ye nomynatyf caſe. For he cometh byfore the verbe & anſweryth to this queſtyō / who or what ¶How knoweſt ye genytif caſe. For of after a nown ſubſtantyf / verbe ſubſtantyf / nowne partytyf / nowne diſtrybutyf / cōparatyf or ſuperlatyf / is ye ſigne of ye genytyf caſe. ¶Alſo whā there cometh two ſubſtātyues togyder yf yt one be hauer of yt other / yt hauer ſhal be put in genytyf caſe. as Frater iohānis) ye brother of iohā. & of after a verbe adiectyf partycyple gerundyf or ſupyne. & of after a propre name is ye ſigne of ye ablatyf / wt a prepoſicyō

Poſt propriū nomē poſt mobile poſt quo que verbū ¶Poſt que gerūdiuy poſt participanſ que ſupinū ¶Si veniat ſenſus genitiui. iungito ſextum. ¶Cum reliquis ſextū nō iungas ſed genitiuū)

¶How knoweſt ye datyf caſe. for to byfore a nowne or a pronowne is the ſygne of ye datyf caſe. ¶How knoweſt ye accuſatif caſe. for he cometh after ye verbe & anſweryth to this queſtyon / whom or what. Alſo to byfore a propre name of a towne or a cyte. & in wt a to byfore a parte of a mānys body / is the ſigne of ye accuſatyf caſe ¶How knoweſt ye vocatyf caſe. for he clepyth or callyth or ſpekyth to. How knoweſt ye ablatyf caſe / by my ſignes in with thorow byfore or frothan after a cōparatyf degree is the ſygne of the ablatyf caſe. And whā this worde in with a to comyth togydre it woll ſerue to the accuſatyf caſe. & in with out a to woll ſerue to ye ablatyf caſe. as in this verſe

¶In to vult quartū / ſine to vult iungere ſextum)

¶How many declenſons ben there. Fyue / which / v. The fyrſt / the ſecōde / the thyrde / the fourde / the fyfte ¶How knoweſt the fyrſt declenſon / For the genytyf & the datyf ſynguler / the Nomynatyf & the vocatyf plurel ſhal ende in e / the accuſatyf in am / the vocatif ſhalbe lyke the nominatyf / the ablatyf in a / the genytyf plurel in a rum / the datyf & the ablatyf in is / & ſomtyme in abus / the accuſatyf in as / ¶Vnde verſus

¶A veniens ex us ſine neutro tranſit in abus ¶Sicut mulabus / aſinabus cum dominabus ¶Hec animato rum ſunt diſcernentia ſexum ¶Iunges ambabus ex ambo duo que duabus ¶Aſt animas famulas / nō regula ſed dedit vſus)

¶Alſo thies nownes in thies verſes ben the fyrſt declenſon & the neutre gendre ¶Vnde verſus /

¶Paſcha polenta Iota zizania māmona māna ¶Sunt neutri generis. & declinatio prima)

¶How knoweſt the ſecōde declenſon / for the genytif caſe ſynguler / the Nomynatyf & the Vocatyf plurell endyth in i / the datyf & ablatyf in o / the accuſatyf in vm. Whan the nomynatyf caſe endyth in r or in m) the vocatyf ſhal be lyke hym Whan the nomynatyf caſe endyth in vs the vocatyf ſhall ende in e(as Ntō hic dominus Vtō o domine ¶Verſus

¶Vs mutabis in e per cetera cuncta ſecunde ¶Filius excipitur quod in e vel in i reperitur

¶Whā the nomynatyf caſe endyth in ius yf it be a propre name of a man the vocatyf ſhal ende in i / as Nominatiuo hic Laurentius) Vocatiuo o laurenti

¶Cū propriū dat ius-tenet i quintus / iaciens vs)

¶The genytyf plurel in o rum / the datyf & the ablatyf in is / the accuſatyf in os / yf it be a propre nowne. Of the neutre gendre to haue thre caſes lyke in the ſinguguler nombre. & thre in the plurell. as (Nominatiuo hoc ſcamnū. Accuſatino hoc ſcamnū. Vtō o ſcamnū. Et pluraliter. Nominatiuo hec ſcamna. Accuſatiuo hec ſcamna. Out take (Ambo & duo) ¶Verſus

¶Recto cum quarto ſic quinto neutra tenent a. ¶Ambo duo que mari neutrū faciūt ſimilari

¶How knoweſt the thyrde declenſon. For the genytyf caſe ſynguler endyth in is / the Datyf in i / the accuſatyf in em or in im / the vocatyf ſhall be lyke the nomynatyf. the ablatyf in e or in i The nominatif accuſatyf & the vocatyf plurell endyth in es / the Genytyf plurell in vm or in ium. The datyf & ablatyf plurell in bus) ¶How knoweſt the fourde declenſon For the genytyf ſynguler / the nomynatyf accuſatyfe & the / vocatyf plurell endyth in vs / the Datyf in vi.) the accuſatyf in vm / the vocatyf ſhal be lyke the nomynatyf the ablatyf in v. The genityf plurel in uū The datyf & ablatyf in bus. ¶Alſo thies nownes yt ben conteyned in thyſe verſes hath u. byfore bus in ye datyf & the ablatyf plurell. Out take thyes in thyſe verſes folowyng ¶Verſus

¶Ante bus u ſeruant ficus tribus acus arcuſ que . ¶Artus cum verubus portus partuſ que lacuſ que ¶Et ſpecus & quercus illis penus aſſociemus.

¶How knoweſt the fyfth declenſon. for the genytyf & the datyf caſe ſynguler endyth in ei / the Accuſatyf in em / the vocatyf ſhal be lyke the nomynatyf / the ablatyf in e / The nomynatyf accuſatyf & the vocatyf plurel endyth in es / the genityf plurel in e rum / the datyf & the ablatyf in ebus / ¶Alſo thyſe nownes of the fyft declenſon lacke the genytyf datyf & the ablatyf plurel / out take thyſe in thyſe verſes folowynge /

¶Deſunt plurali Genitiui ſiue Datiui ¶Et ſexti. quinte (niſi res ſpecieſ que dieſ que ¶Progenies vel maneries dic materieſ que ¶Aſt acies facies predictis addere debes ¶Vt Brito teſtatur ſpes iſtis conſociatur
¶Of Pronowne

HOw knoweſt thou a pronowne / for he is a parte of reaſon declyned with caſe / that is ſet for a propre name & betokeneth as moche as a propre name of a man / & other while receyueth certeyn perſon and certeyn nombre / ¶How many Pronownes ben there / xv whiche / xv / Ego Tu ſui Ille Ipſe Iſte Hic Is Meus Tuus Suus Noſter et Veſter / Similiter Noſtras et Veſtras / ¶How many ben primatyues & how many ben diryuatiues / Eyght ben primatiues & Seuen dyryuatiuys / ¶whiche eyght ben primatiues Ego Tu Sui Ille Ipſe Iſte Hic & Is ¶whiche Seuen ben deryuatiues / Meus Tuus Suus Noſter Veſter Noſtras & Veſtras / ¶Of thyſe eyght primatyues ſome ben onely relatyues / and ſome ben onely relatynes and demonſtratyues bothe ¶Verſus

Tantū demonſtrat ego tu ſimul hic ſimul iſte ¶Iure relatiui gauder is at que ſui: ¶Monſtrant vel referunt ille vel ipſe tibi

¶How knoweſt a Pronowne demonſtratyf. For by hym is ſome thyng ſhewed. ¶How knoweſt a Pronowne relatyf. For by hym is ſome thyng ſhewed yt is ſayd before ¶How many pronownes hath ye vocatyf caſe / and how many laketh. Foure hath the vocatyf caſe / and all other lackyth / ¶Verſus

¶Quattuor exceptis pronomina nulla vocabis ¶Tu meus noſter & noſtras hec ſola vocantur

How many thynges long to a pronowne / vi) whiche vi) Qualyte / Gendre / Nombre / Fygure / Perſon / caſe ¶How many perſons ben there / Thre / whiche thre) The fyrſt the ſeconde / the thyrde ¶How knoweſt ye fyrſt perſon / For he ſpekyth of hymſelfe (as I or we) ¶How knoweſt the ſecōde perſon / For he ſpekyth to a nother (as thou or ye ¶How knoweſt ye thyrde perſon / For he ſpekyth of a nother (as he or they) & euery nowne pronowne & particypte is ye thyrde perſon out take (ego nos tu & vos) with obliquis) & the vocatyf caſe / ¶How many declenſons of Pronownes ben there / Foure / whiche four the fyrſt / the ſecōde the thyrde / the fourde ¶How knoweſt ye fyrſt declenſon For the genytyf caſe ſynguler endyth in I or is) & ye datyf in I. ¶How many pronownes be of ye declenſon / Thre / whiche thre (ego tu ſui) ¶How knoweſt ye ſecōde declenſon / For ye genytyf caſe ſynguler endyth in (ius or ius) & the datyf in I or in c. ¶How many Pronownes ben of ye declenſon. v. whiche. v. Ille ipſe iſte hic & is) & eyght nownes with theyr compoūdes Vnus Vllus Totus Solus Alter alius aliquis vter

¶Cum natis alius vter alter ſola quis vnus) ¶Totus & vllus habe pronominis iſta ſecunde

¶How many of thies eyght nownes hath the vocatyf caſe / & how many laketh. Thre hath-the vocatif caſe / & all other lacketh / ¶Whiche thre hath the vocatyf caſe (Vnus Totus & Solus. ¶Verſus

¶Pone vocatiuos cum totus ſolus & vnus) ¶Sed nō in reliquis quo rum genitiuus in ius

¶How knoweſt the thyrd declenſon / for the genityf caſe ſynguler endyth in I in e & in i / the datif in o. in e & in o. ¶How many pronownes cōteyneth he / fyue whiche. v (meus tuus ſuus noſter veſter / ¶How knoweſt the fourde declenſon / for the genityf caſe ſynguler endith in atis / and the datyf in ati ¶How many pronownes ben of ye declenſon / two / whiche (Noſtras & Veſtras / & a nowne gentyle / as (cuias atis) Here is dyfference bytwene (cuias atis) & cuius cuia cuium)

¶Cuius de gente vel de patria ſolet eſſe ¶Cuius de gente / cuium de re petit apte)

HOw knoweſt an verbe. For he is a parte of reaſon declyned with mode & tenſe withoute caſe or artycle / & betokeneth to do to ſuffre or to be ¶How many thynges longe to a verbe (vij) whiche / Mode Coniugacyon / gendre / nombre / Fygure tyme / perſon / ¶How many modes ben there (v) whiche / the Indycatyf / Imperatyf / optatyf / coniunctyf / & the Infinytif

¶How knoweſt ye Indicatyf mode. for he ſhe with a reaſon ſooth or falſe by ye way of aſkyng or of tellynge. ¶How knoweſt the Imperatyf mode / for he byddeth or commaundeth. ¶How knoweſt ye Optatyf mode For he wylleth or deſyreth & this worde wold god / is ſygne of the optatyf mode. Alſo thies thre englyſſhe wordes / wolde ſholde or were are the ſigne of optatif mode preſent tenſe. and thies four latyn wordes folowynge be the ſygnes of the optatyf mode.

¶Des optatiuis vtinam ne puatinus oſi.

¶How knoweſt the Coniūctyf mode. for he ioyneth a verbe to hym / or is Ioyned to a nother. And thyſe wordes folowynge woll ſerue to the cōiunctyf mode

¶Si quam uis quam quam tam & licet at que priuſ quam . ¶Ante quam an donec vt poſt quam ſiue quouſ que ¶Cum niſi quin acſi quo cōiungunt tibi recte. ¶Indicat & quando dum ſicut ſunt cetera plura

¶How knoweſt ye Inſynytyf mode. For. to byfore a verbe is ſygne of the Infinytyf mode. or elles whā there cometh two verbes togydre withoute a relatyf or a cōiūccyō / ye lather ſhalbe ye infinityf mode ¶How many cōiugacyons hen there. Four whiche .iiij. The fyrſt / ye ſecōde / ye thyrd / ye fourth. ¶How knoweſt the fyrſt cōiugacyō. for he hath an a long byfore the re) in the infinityf mode of the actif voyce / or in the imperatyf mode of the paſſyf voyce (as amare) ¶How knoweſt the ſecōde cōiugacyō. For he hath an e longe byfore there in the infinityf mode of ye actif voyce / or in the imperatyf mode of the paſſyf voyce. as docere

¶How knoweſt the thyrd coniugacion. For he hath an e ſhort before the(re)in the infynitif mode of the actif voyce / Or in the Imperatif mode of the paſſyt voyce. as (legere) ¶How knoweſt ye fourth coniugacyon. for he hath an I long before the(re) in ye Infynitif mode of the actif voyce. or in ye imperatif mode of the paſſyf voce. as (audire) ¶How many gendris of verbys ben there. Fyue. whiche v. actyf. paſſyf. neuter / comyn & deponent ¶How knoweſt an verbe actif. For he endyth in o / and may take R vpon o / and make of hym a paſſyf. And of a verbe actif cometh ij. particyples. but of a verbe actif ye lacketh ſupynys cometh but one particyple ¶Al maner verbis yt betoken drede lacke supinis / out take chiſe in theis verſes ¶Abſ que ſupinis ſunt omnia verba timoris ¶Formido. trepido. dubito. tremit excipiantur ¶Et vereor veritū dat. vt autores memorantur) All thyſe verbys ben verbes actyuis yt lacke ſupinis) ¶Reſpuo-linquo timet. disco. poſco. metuo que ¶Sileo cū renuo. cauet addimus vrget & ango. ¶Hec ſune attiua. tamen illis nulla ſupina ¶How knoweſt a verbe paſſyf for he endyth in r. & may do away his r. & torne ayen into his actif. How many particyples come of a verbe paſſyf. two. whiche two / One of ye pretertens. a nother of the laſt futertens in dus) ¶How knoweſt a verbe neuter. for it endyth in or & may not take r vpon o-nor make of hȳ a paſſyf ¶How many particyples come of a verbe neuter. two / as dooth of a verbe actif / but of ſuche verbe neutres that lacke ſupinis cometh but one par cycyple. ¶And all verbe neutres that betokenen ſhy nynge / or drede / lacke ſupinis. out take thyſe in thyſe verſes folowynge ¶Vnde verſus ¶Que dant ſplendorē vel que dant verba timorē ¶Nulla ſupinātur. ſed quattuor excipiantur. ¶Vnde choruſco facit atum / dat fulgeo fulſum ¶Et vereor veritum. formido ſupinat in atum) ¶All verbe neutres of the ſeconde coniugacyon / makynge the pretertens in vi. lacke ſupynys. Out take theſe in thyſe verſes folowynge ¶Verſus ¶En per vi neutra tacuere ſupina ſecunde. ¶Format itum doleo. noceo. placeo-valeo que ) ¶Pareo prebet itum / licet ac oleo taceo que ¶Pertineo cohibet.his attineo ſociato ¶Cum dat vi pateo paſſum / lateo latitum dat ¶Dat careo carui caritum caſſum que ſupino ¶Pando pati pateo / paſſum fecere ſupino ¶And of ſome verbe neutres / as verbe neutre paſſiues / cometh thre-partycyples / as of (Audeo) cometh audiens.auſus.auſurus. ¶Vnde verſus ¶Neutro paſſiua dant participantia trina. ¶Audeo cum ſoleo. fio cum gaudeo. fido ¶Quin que puer numero neutro paſſiua tibi do ¶All theſe verbes that ben conteyned in thyſe verſes / ben verbe neutre paſſyues ¶Vnde verſus.

¶Exulo: vapulo. veneo. fio. nubo liceo que ¶Senſum paſſiui fub voce gerunt aliena) ¶Of verbe deponent

¶How knoweſt a verbe deponent. For he hath a lettre of the paſſyf & ſygnyficacyon of ye actyf. ¶But there ben four verbe deponentys that haue no pretertens / that ben conteyned in thyſe verſes folowynge ¶Quattuor hec / liquor. medeor. veſcor. reminiſcor ¶Non circūloquiū de ſe dant preteritorum) ¶How knoweſt a verbe comyn. For it hath a lettre of ye paſſyf / & ſygnificacōn of ye actif & ye paſſyf both ¶Largior experior veneror moror oſculor hortor ¶Criminor amplector / tibi ſint cōmunia lector. ¶Si bene cōnumeres / interpretor hoſpitor addes ¶How many Partycyples come of a verbe comyn. Four / as largiens largitus largiturus largiendus ¶How many tens ben there in a verbe. v. whiche. v. The preſentens, the preterimperfectens / The preter perfectens / the preterpluperfectens / & the futertens. ¶How knoweſt the preſentens / For he ſpekyth of ye tyme yt is now / as I loue ¶How knoweſt the preter imperfectens / for he ſpekyth of ye tyme yt is lytyl paſt without ony of thyſe ſygnes / haue or had / as I loued ¶How knoweſt the preterper fectens. For he ſpekith of the tyme yt is fully paſte / with this ſygne / haue / as I haue loued ¶How knoweſt ye preterpluper fectens For he ſpekyth of the tyme yt is more than fully paſt with this ſygne / had / as I had loued ¶How knoweſt ye futertens / For he ſpekyth of ye tyme yt is to come with this ſygne / ſhal / as I ſhall loue ¶How many perſons ben there. Thre / whiche .iij / The fyrſt as Lego) the ſeconde as legis) the thyrde as legit)

HOw knoweſt an aduerbe. For he is a parte of reaſon vndeclyned / that ſtondyth next ye verbe to declare and fulfyll the ſygnifycacyon of the verbe ¶How many thynges longen to an aduerbe. Thre whiche thre. Sygnifycacyon / comparyſon. & Fygure ¶How many Aduerbys of places ben there. Foure / whiche (Vnde) frowhens (vbi) where (Quo) whether Qua) wherby. ¶Verſus

¶Vnde / vbi / quo / vel qua / loca querūt quattuor iſta ¶Quo petit ad. qua per. in vbi. vnde petit de

¶How many degree of comparyſon ben there. thre Whiche thre. The polityf as (docte) the comparatyf as (doctus) the ſuperlatyf as (doctiſſime)

¶Of Particyple

HOw knoweſt a particyple. For he is a parte of reaſon declyned with caſe / yt takyth parte of a Nowne / parte of Verbe / parte of bothe ¶What takyth he of nowne / Gendre & caſe. What of verbe / tyme & ſygnyficacyon. What of bothe / nombre & fygure. ¶How many thynges longe to a particyple. Syxe. whiche. vi. Gendre Laſe Tyme and ſygnifycacion Nombre & Fygure. ¶How many gendres ben there in a particyple. foure. whiche iiij / The maſculyne as (lectus) The feminyne as lecta) The neutre as lectum) The comyn as (hic hec hoc legens ¶How many caſes ben there in a participle / ſyxe / as in a nowne ¶How many tens ben there in a particyple. thre / The preſentens / ye pretertens / ye futertens. ¶How many maner of particyples ben there / Four Whiche four. The particyple of ye preſentens / a particyple of ye pretertens / a particyple of ye fyrſt future / and a nother of the latter future. ¶How knoweſt a particyple of ye preſentens. By his englyſſh & by his lacyn. How by his englyſſh. For his englyſſh endyth in ynge / or in and / as louynge / louand. and his latyn endyth in (ens) or in ans) as amans docens.) ¶How knoweſt a particyple of the pretertens. By his Englyſſhe and by his latyn. How by his englyſſh. For it begynneth with I. as I loued. And his latyn endyth in tus) or in ſus) as amatus viſus) ¶How knoweſt a particyple of the fyrſt future tens. By his englyſſhe and by his latyn. How by his englyſſh. For it begynneth with to / withoute be. as to loue. And his latyn endyth in rus) as amaturus docturus) ¶How knoweſt a particyple of the latter futertens. By his englyſſh and by his latyn How by his englyſſh. For it begynneth with to & be / as. to be loued. And his latyn enoythin dus (as amādus docendus) ¶Vnde verſus ¶Ens ans preſentis ſemper dic temporis eſſe ¶Tus. ſus preteriti / rus. dus dic eſſe futuri) ¶Whiche ben the actyf ſygnyfycacyons (ens. ans. & rus. And tus. ſus. and dus) be of the paſſyf ſygnyfycacyon.

¶Vnde verſus ¶Ens ans rus & agunt / tus ſus dus dic patiūtur) ¶Si deponentis bene preteritum recitabis. ¶Hinc ſemper ſenſus vis vtriuſ que datur ¶Idcirco ſemper dicetur conuenienter ¶Nos ſimul a nobis auxiliatus eris.

¶Of whom ſhal the particyple of the pretertens be fourmed. Of ye fyrſt perſon ſynguler nombre of the preterimperfectens of ye Indycatyf mode / by chaungynge (bam) into n & s) as amabam) chaunge bam / into n & s. & it woll be (amans). ¶Oute of this rule be out take (Iens of Ibam) Quiens of quibam with hyr compoūdys / makynge the gentyf caſe in. vntis Excep / ambientis of ambiens ¶Vnde verſus ¶Ens entis donat / ſed abhinc tu pauca retracces ¶Semꝑ iens vel quiens cū natis format in vntis ¶Ambio participem recte formabit in entis ¶Of whom ſhal the particyple of the pretertens be fourmed. Of ye latter ſupyne / by puttynge to this lettre. s. as (lectu) put therto s. & it woll be / lectus / ¶Of whom ſhal the particyple of the fyrſt future be fourmed. Of the latter ſupyne / by puttynge to this terminacyon rus / as (lectu) put therto a rus / and it woll be lecturus) ¶Out take (naſciturus of naſcor. & ignoſci turus / of ignoſco) ¶Vnde Verſus ¶Naſco: & ignoſco contra normam duo noſco ¶Hec & non plura per rus formare futura ¶Of whom ſhall the partycyple of ye laſt future be fourmed. Of the genytyf caſe fynguler nombre of ye particyple of the preſentens / by chaungynge tis / into dus / as amantis / chaunge tis into dus / and it wol be amandus) ¶Vnde verſus ¶Ens ans precerito / dus formes de genitiuo ¶Tus ſus poſtremū rus fac formare ſupinū ¶How many maner wyſe may the voyce of ye particyple be chaunged into a nowne. four maner wyſe ¶The fyrſt by compoſicyon. as Doctus Indoctus. The ſecōde wyſe by comparyſon. as (doctus doctior. doctiſſimus.) ¶The thyrde wyſe whan he maye be conſtrued with a nother caſe than the verbe that he cometh of. as (ſum doctus grāmatice) ¶The fourth wyſe whā he ſygnyfyeth no tens. as (amandus) id eſt dignus amari • worthy to be loued ¶Verſus

¶Dū mutat regimen / fit participans tibi nomē ¶Dum perdit tempus / dū comparat aſſociamus ¶Sit tibi compoſitū dum ſimplex ſit tibi verbū.
¶Of Coniunctyon

HOw knoweſt a Coniunctyon. for he is a parte of reaſon vndeclyned / that byndeth or Ioyneth wordes or ſentences togydre in ordre. ¶How many thynges longen to a coniunction. Thre. whiche thre Power. Fygure & Ordre. ¶Two nomynatyfe caſe ſynguler with an (& coniūctyon copulatyf comynge bytwene / woll haue a verbe plurell. ¶Yf neyther of theym be a negatyf two ſubſtantyues ſynguler with an & coniunccyon copulatyf comynge bytwene / woll haue an odiectyf plurell. ¶Yf neyther of theym be a negatyf. two an̄cedens ſynguler with an & cōiuncciō copulatyf comynge bytwene / wol haue a relatyf plurel. ¶Yf neyther of theim be a negatyf / two noīatyf caſe ſynguler / two ſubſtantyues ſynguler / two antece dens ſynguler with a (vel cōiunccyon dyſiunctyf comynge bytwene ye verbe ye adiectyf & ye relatyf folowynge ſhall accorde with hym that is next hym. as Vir vel mulier eſt alba quem pulcritudo decorat) ¶How many maner of wyſe may this coniunction be put bytwene vnlyke caſes. Thre maner of wyſe. ¶The fyrſt whan he is put after a pronowne poſſeſſyf. as (hec res eſt mea & fratris mei.) The ſecōde wyſe whan he is put after a worde yt is conſtrued wf dyuerſe caſes. as (Miſereor tui & ſocio tuo. ¶The thyrde wyſe whan he is put after a prope name of a towne a cyte. as (moratus ſum oxonie & Londonis.

HOw knoweſt a prepoſicyon. for he is a parte of reaſon vndeclyned / yt is ſet byfore al other partes of reaſon in appoſicion or cōpoſicyon ¶In appoſicyon whan he ſeruyth to a caſe. ¶In compoſicyon / whan he ſeruith no caſe. & is cōpounde with a nother worde ¶Alſo thies prepoſicions yt ben conteyned in this verſe woll ſerue to ye accuſatif caſe ¶Da prepoſitiones caſus accuſatiui) vt Ad apud &c ¶And al thies prepoſicyons yt ben conteyned in this verſe wol ſerue to the ablatyf caſe (Da prepoſitiones caſus ablatiui (A ab abs &c ¶Alſo thies prepoſicions that ben conteyned in this verſe woll ſerue to bothe Da vtriuſ que caſus prepoſitiones. vt In ſub ſuꝑ &c) ¶What is the properte of a prepoſicyon in compoſicyon / to chaunge to make leſſe or to fulfyll the ſygnyfycacyon of ye worde yt he is compouned with. ¶Vn̄ ¶Senſum prepoſite complent mutāt minuūt ve) ¶Clarus preclarus / ridet ſubridet & ecce ¶Impius. incuruus. ſubtriſtis. & hec tibi mōſtrāt. ¶Adiuncte voces ſemper partem que ſubintrant. ¶Vt docuit ſani ſentencia nos Priſciani ¶Whiche prepoſicyons ſtanden euer in appoſycyon and neuer in compoſicyon ¶Vnde verſus ¶Cū tenus abſ que ſine penes ac apud prepoſitiue. ¶Semper ſtare petunt / nunꝙ ſtant compoſitiue ¶A prepoſicyon in compoſicion ofte tymes ſeruyth to the ſame caſe yt he dooth in appoſicyon (Verſus ¶Verbo compoſito caſum quando que locabis ¶Quem dat componens / vt vis exire penates. ¶How many prepoſicyons ſtanden euermore in cō poſicyon / & neuer in appoſicyon / & ſerueth no caſe ¶Indiuiſe ſunt voces prepoſitiue ¶An / di / diſ / re / ſe / con / plures neſcio vere ¶How knoweſt a very prepoſicyon from an aduerbe / ſeruynge an accuſatyf caſe / put in ye ſtede of a prepoſicyon / may neuer be put without his caſe ¶Vn̄.

¶Ad per apud propter penes ob trans erga que preter ¶Prepoſitiui mere dic hec quartum retinere
¶Of Interieccyon

HOw knoweſt a Interieccyon. For he is a parte of reaſou vndeclyned / yt betokeneth paſſion of a mannys ſoule with an vnperfyte voyce / with Ioye ſorowe / wondre / ſtrede or Indygnacyon / as Hate / heyfy / alas / weleaway / ſo howe. out out. and other lyke ¶Euge onys (is as moche to ſaye as well thou be) & Euge euge is as moche to ſay in englyſſh as out out

¶Vnde verſus ¶Euge ſemel carum bis dictū ſignat amarum ¶Heu dolet heuſ que vocat donat & regula ſic ſtat

¶How many caſes may an Interieccyon be ioyned to. To all caſes. ¶To a nomynatyf caſe. as (prohdolor. pater meus eſt infirmus) To a genitif caſe. as O miſere vite) To a datyf caſe. as Heu mihi) To a accuſatyf caſe. as (Heu me) To a vocatyf caſe. as O fili care) To a ablatyf caſe. as (O caſu duro.) ¶Vn̄

¶Accuſatiuis heu iungas ſiue datiuis

¶Somtyme a nowne is put by hymſelf / as an Interieccyon. as (Infandum) Somtyme with a nother nowne. as / Verbi gracia / Somtyme with pronowne as / Veſtri gracia) ¶Vnde verſus

¶Interiectiue dic nomina plura locari. ¶Et pronomen eis quando que petit ſociari. ¶Infandum ſic me miſerum tibi teſtificatur ¶Verbi gracia. veſtri gracia ſic que locantur
¶Of concordes of Gramer

HOw many Concordes of Gramer ben there. Fyue. Whiche fyue. ¶The fyrſte bytwene the nomynatyf caſe & the verbe. ¶The ſecōde bytwene the adiectyf & the ſubſtātyf. ¶The thyrde bytwene ye relatyf & the antecedens. ¶The fourthe bytwene the nowne Partytyf & the genytyf caſe yt folowyth. ¶The fyfte bytwene the ſuperlatyf degree / and the gentyf caſe that folowyth. ¶In how many ſhall the nomynatyf caſe and the verbe accorde. In two / Whiche two. in nombre & perſon. ¶In how many ſhall the adiectyf & the ſubſtantyf accorde. In thre. Which thre. In caſe / gendre & Nombre. ¶In how many ſhall ye relatyf & ye antecedens accorde. In .iij Whiche thre / In Gendre Nombre & Perſon ¶In how many. ſhal ye nowne partityf & ye genityf caſe yt foloweth accorde / In one / whiche / In gendre onely ¶In how many ſhall de ſuperlatyf degree & ye genytyf caſe yt foloweth accorde / In one / gendre onely

¶Rule of Verbe

¶How many tens ben formed of ye preterperfectens of the Indycatyf mode / Syxe whiche ſyxe / The preterpluperfectens of ye ſame mode The preterpluper fectens of ye optatyf mode. The preterperfectens the preterpluperfectens & ye futertens of ye cōiunctyf mode. And the preterpluper fectens of ye infynityf mode ¶How many chaūgyth I into e. & how many holdeth I ſtyll Thre chaūgyth i into e. & thre holdeth I ſtyll ¶whiche thre chaūgyth i into e. The preterpluperfectens of ye Indicatyf mode as (amaui) chaunge i into e. & put therto a ram / & it wol be (amaueram) ¶The preterperfectens of the Coniunctyf mode as amaui) chaūge i into e / & put therto a rim. & it woll be (amauerim ¶The futertens of ye ſame mode / as amaui) chaunge i into e. & put therto ro. & it woll be amauero ¶whiche thre holde I ſtyll. The preterpluperfectens of ye coniunctyfe mode as (amaui) holde I ſtyll & put to ſ & ſem. & it woll be (amauiſſem) The preterpluperfectens of ye infinityf mode / as (amaui. holde I ſtyll & put to ſ & ſe / & it woll be (amauiſſe

¶Prynted at weſtmynſtre In Caxtons hous by wynkyn de worde