THE HISTORY OF ELIZABETH OF HVNGARY.
THERE was a tyme, when all the fauours of fortune rested in the family of the kings of Hungary, as all the fabulous Deityes were assembled togeather in the Pantheon of Rome. It seemed shee brake her wings, that shee might not take her flight to any other place, & forsooke all the powers of the North to become tributary to this Crowne. [Page 2] But in the end the blind creature (not esteemed a Goddesse, but by men who haue noe eyes in their soules) turned her backe to the Princes of this house, because they would not depart from the seruice they had vowed to virtue.
To iudge of the fall of this house by the height thereof, wee must reascend to this great king of Hungary, to whom in his life time trophyes were erected, & after his death, altars: And from thence descend to that young prince who in battell lost himselfe with his crowne, & left the fields of Varna perpetuallie dishonoured with the infamy of his defeate.
But betweene these two extreames there are reckoned vp great felicityes, & among the most remarkable of them, this house is renowned for producing Elizabeth [Page 3] a Princesse, at this day wayted vpon by Angells in heauen, & sued vnto by men on earth.
There are noe perfect beautyes to be found, since hee who vndertooke to take the picture of one was inforced to drawe the modell of an hundred different pieces.
But Elizabeth was faire, and in her all the exquisite & admirable perfections of her sexe were ordinarie.
The beauty of the soule consisteth wholly in vertue, that, of the body absolutely in grace, which dependeth not vpon equall proportions of lineaments, & colours of the face, but in a presence, which transporteth, & enforceth the eye to consider it as a visible effect, of an inuisible power of the soule.
Elizabeth was excellent both in the one, and other beyond all example, [Page 4] but of her selfe, to her selfe.
There was nothing soe diuine, as her soule, nothing soe goodly as her stature, nothing soe royall as her garbe, nothing soe beautifull as her face, nothing soe amiable as her eyes, nothing soe louely as her hart: Louely indeed, but not with loue which is the frensie of thoughts, the plague of soules, a follye inuented by vaine witts, & pursued by idle men; but with that loue wherewith Angells are inflamed, & Saints liue, being the fire of the intellectuall worlde as the Sunne is of the celestiall, & the elementarie of ours.
But this being knowne that Elizabeth was admirable in the gifts of minde, and beauty of body, it sufficeth to tell you shee was the daughter of Hungarie; that Fraunce [Page 5] which adorned heads with the prime crownes of the earth, long time mainteyned that of Hungarie in the house of the Earles of Aniou, & that from those Bela the Grandfather of Elizabeth is descended.
Bela the third King of Hungarie maried Agnes sister of Phillip the second called Augustus, or Gods-gift, who espoused Alice of Hungarie: From this mariage issued Emerick & Andrew. Ambition which violateth lawes of piety, to mainteyne those of tirānie, armed Andrew against Emericke, to bereaue him of the crowne which the right of eldership, the lawe of the kingdome, the last will of his father had sett on his head, thinking that though nature had created him second, shee had afforded him courage, & merit enough to goe formost.
God who defendeth kings, who [Page 6] hath a perticular care of their crownes, & who takes their iust quarrells vpon himselfe, breathed the blast of his furie vpon the enterprises of Andrew. For on the daie of battaile agreed on by the waie of armes, to determine a difference, which reason could not resolue, Emerick apeared in the head of his armie, cloathed with royall ornaments bearing on his browe the crowne of the first christian king of Hungarie, & with it the diuine character which the finger of God had imprinted on the face of kings as a ray of his diuinity, to make them beloued of the good & feared of the wicked.
This Hercules (which the Pigmies against whom hee sett forward, made appeare much greater) caused his armie to march, not soe much to fight, as to triumph.
[Page 7]His enemyes; nay rather his mutiniers vnable to continue in the agonyes, and affrightments of their consciences, and hauing their eyes confounded & exteriourly abashed at the presence of the lawfull king, raysed their pikes vpright which they had bent against him, layed downe armes, & asked pardon of him from whom they would haue taken the crowne. They abandoned the fortune of Andrew, and submitted to the clemencie of Emerick, who hauing vanquished them without force would haue preserued them with sweetnes.
Hee was not willing to enter into his kingdome, otherwise then victorious: esteeming the virtue very miserable, which is not wayted on by envie, & caytife the fortune that is without enimyes: hee thought not his kingdome happie vnlesse [Page 8] clemencie beganne it, imagining that hee who taketh that, from the heart of a Prince, teareth the altar from the Temple.
The happy raigne of so good a king worthie to haue bene immortall, lasted not aboue eight yeares, seaven monethes, & sixe dayes. Ladislaus his sonne succeeded for sixe-monethes onely. Andrew who could not gaine it by force of armes, arriued thither by order of succession, & was crowned in the great Churche of Buda.
He married Gertrude daughter of the Duke of Morauia, Carinthia, & Austria. Edwig his Sister was maried to Henry surnamed Long-beard, Prince of Silesia & Polonia. By this his mariage he had fowre children Bela, Caloman, Andrew, & Elizabeth. The two first came to the Crowne one after another. Andrew depriued [Page 9] by order, & the lawe of birthright from hope of the kingdome, wandred vp & downe the world to seeke a fortune for himselfe, & his.
He rested at Venice, matcht in the house of the Moresini, had a sonne who more couragious then his father that stood amused in a common wealth, (where poppies are not suffered to growe one aboue another) came into Fraunce, did notable seruices for the king, & those of the house of Croy constituted generall of thir forces.
Elizabeth the onely Princesse made it appeare in the first yeares of her childhood, that she was chosen out by heauen to be one of the fairest flowers, which should on earth receiue the plenitude of its graces. At three yeares of age she was espoused to Lewis sonne of Herman, Lantsgraue of Hesse & [Page 10] Thuringia, who was said to discend from Charlemayne.
Promises were made with great ceremonie to honour her who knewe not what it was, and, who knowing it, made no more accompt of it, then the winde to breake a rush. At fower yeares of age she was led towards her espousalls, by the Ambassadours of the king her father, & spent the yeares of her childhood in the exercise of piety, whereby, they might make a true estimate of the rest of her future life. It is a singular furtherance, & notable meanes for a princesse well borne, to receiue & learne the precepts of carriage from the hands of her mother; but Elizabeth, taken awaie so young into the house of a straunger, was depriued of this happinesse.
Notwithstanding she was there bred sutablie to the greatnesse of [Page 11] the place from whence she came, & to the excellencie of her wit she then learned that, (the ignorance whereof proues ill for a Princesse, who hath thoughts beyond the distaffe, & needle of ordinarie women) & knewe those things, wherein many great Princesses of that name became so excellent, that they taught even kings themselues to liue.
Though she were yong, she made her selfe deafe & indocible to all discourse, but of heaven; she could not be drawne out of Churches, beginning early to purify her heart from all earthly thoughts, as gould is cleansed from drosse of the mine. Then did her gouernesse tell her the world was not worthy of her, that she was not made for the world, that her loue not vnlike the supreame elemēt, suffered not by Vapours, nor those infectiōs, which corrupt others.
[Page 12]When she was of riper yeares she framed vnto her selfe a rule of life wholly pious and deuout, nor was it by precedent or imitation, as there are many, who haue noe other touch of vertue, and piety then conformity of example; but vpon her owne choyce, & the mere motion of the grace of God.
Her exercise was entirely religious so soone as she awaked, the first thought her soule admitted, & which swayed throughout the whole day, was the remembrance of death; then rysing out of bed, she represented vnto her selfe the comfort, & infinite ioy of those, who at the sound of the trumpet shall rise againe to glory.
As many pieces of attire as she putt on, so many vertues wished she, for the beauty and ornament of her soule. When she was cloathed, [Page 13] she prostrated her selfe at the feete of a Crucifixe, renewing the homage of her heart to the goodnesse of God, giuing thankes for his benefitts, imploring his mercy for her sinnes, & his holy spiritt for her direction, protesting rather to dy, then to loose his fauour, the very life of her life.
As in the morning she meditated on that she was to doe, soe in the euening she required an account of her soule, of what she had done; she often fed it with the blessed Sacrament, the bread of Angells, the Manna of heauen, the restoratiue of life, the soueraine remedy against death, the admirable proofe of the loue of God towards men; Who notwithstanding in stead of yeilding him thankes for so great a benefitt receiued, do now dispute, whether it be true that he gaue it.
All the day long she stood vpon [Page 14] her guard against the subtile snares of the world, from which she sought to disengage her selfe; she auerted her eyes aswell as her thoughts from all illusions, keeping her selfe very carefullie from tasting the honey of pleasures & vanityes of Court, more daungerous then that which bewitcheth men. If at any tyme she approached, it was but as the fly, which buzzeth about, & feares to rest vpon it, least he loose his wings.
The marriage treated in her childhood was confirmed at such tyme as discretion made her capable of choice, or refusall: but it was done with so much coldnesse, that many thought, if she had not imagined, the dispose of her body was due to her father, shee no whit had feared to disobey him, to pursue the holy inspirations, which she now intertayned of continuing a virgin.
[Page 15]Of three conditions of the feminine sexe, there is not any one whose contentmēt hath not anxiety. If marriage haue fruitfullnes, it hath also corruption; If widowhood enioy liberty, it likewise suffers the sadnes of solitude: If virginity put on integrity, it liueth with the griefe of sterility. But Elizabeth better loued to liue a virgin then a mother, and hauing dedicated all her thoughts to virginity, she held it sacriledge to employ them on marriage; well remembring that many of her quality had gone out of the pallaces of kings their fathers; not being able to preserue this flower, among the thornes, & bryars of worldlie vanityes, & the nipping frosts of its impietyes.
Transported then by two so powerfull lawes, the commaundement of God, & authority of her [Page 16] father, she gaue consent to this match. The Landtsgraue brought with him as many graces as he acknowledged & admired in her: she likewise afforded him so much affection, that neuer were two hearts scorched with more ardent flames. It was thought her marriage might cut of something of the first seuerity of her life, and that she would begin to relish the pleasures of youth. But her heart, like a lampe perpetuallie burning before the face of God, shined not at all in the darknes of the brightest splendour of the day. Her eyes were wearie in behoulding things specious, her eares displeased with harmonious, her tast with the most delicious, but her heart was neuer satiated with the loue of God.
This her triangle could neuer [Page 17] bee filled, but by this triangle. She stole the sweetest houres of the night from repose, to ly at the foote of the Crosse, & tast the bitternes thereof in the security of silence.
Sophia her mother in lawe, & Agnes her sister in lawe coniured her to forsake her scrupulosity; And will you Madame (said they) perpetuallie vse your selfe so cruelly? Will you alwaies preferre thornes before roses? Will you be so sharp an enemy to your selfe, as to hasten your death at the tyme when you ought to thinke vpon life? Since life is so short, that if the world be not seasonablie vnderstood, wee dy before wee knowe it.
Her silence answeared for her, and her constant perseuerance gaue them occasiō to iudge what they might hope from such discourse. She cō tinued [Page 18] this kinde of life amidst all these impertinences; but auoided those deuotions, more faigned then holy, which seeme to transport into extasy the mindes of those which vse them to please the world, & to satisfy their owne hipocrisy. They are starres neither stable, nor fixed, in the firmament of true piety, rather wandring fires, Comets, & exhalations of the earth, which dissolue into the ayre of vanity.
The Court of this Princesse likewise resembled not those, which were at that tyme said to be seas of dissolution, and which, as the Sea, were swolne vp with pride, foaming with exorbitance, & where vertue was perpetuallie in torment. Hers was a temple of piety, an Academy of honour: her example perfumed the most corrupted ayre, and breathed into the most wauering [Page 19] affections firme thoughts of virtue: with one glaunce of her eye, she led the rest along, and withdrew them from errour, which inticeth heartes to pleasure, hath its carreere of Ice, & in the end a precipice.
Her ladyes and maides were bred without curiosity, vanity, or nicenesse; Their eyes by a modest disdaine mortifyed euill appetites. And because the best borne natures by deprauation become worse then others (as the corruption of good things is worst of all) she had an infinite care this first integrity might neuer be dissolued. For which cause she exhorted them to hold the heart in liberty, the body in seruitude, and the conscience in repose; assuring them of the infinite contentment they should one day haue, in seeing their sowles in heauen free from slaunder, & leauing their bodyes [Page 20] on the earth without infamy.
She recommended nothing so much vnto them, as to stifle wicked thoughts in their birth; whilest the bramble is greene it may be eaten, but when it becomes bigger, it choketh. When the spirit is caught in those first perswasions of loue, it resembleth the bird, which intangleth her selfe the more she fluttereth & striues to be at liberty. How many tymes did she tell them, the suits of men were to be suspected? that they were coales either burning, or quēched, & that the least we might expect from them was either to enflame, or besmeare: That the Panther was not sooner strangled in tasting Aconite, then the Soule of a woman by harkning to the discourse of a passionate louer.
[Page 21]There are of them (said she) who boast to vnderstand without yielding, & to heare not delighting in what is sayed. If they be quick to desire, they are very reserued in making their desires knowne, they mocke at those, who haue neither eyes, nor eares to see or vnderstand such, as conspire against their honour vnder the shadow of affection. But the opinion they haue of their owne strength is a false gate, a drowsie sentinell which betrayeth, & suffers reason to be surprised. Ladies of this disposition ought to see them selues in the eye & fortune of others, and to belieue that which hath happen̄ed is nor impossible to them, since they floate in the like Sea, & are tossed with the same winde, & waues. And though they thinke their vessell stronger, & much better appointed, yet may the storme [Page 22] perhaps be more violent, the tempest more terrible, & the waues soe redoubled, that not knowing how to make resistance, they may be inforced to yeild vp their fraight to the tempest.
Implacable enemy of vice! she would neuer looke on those, who so much regarded the beauty of the body, to deforme that of the soule; natures ready, & apt for ill, stupid to good; that wound with eyes, deceyue with the tongue, and who are inforced by remorse of their consciences to become pale with griefe, ruddy with shame in good company; who (impudent as they are) sett that to sale, which admitts noe price, nor commerce in Soules that hold honour for the fift element of their life, & lastly who haue sworne to this false opinion, that the lawe, which obligeth a woman [Page 23] to loue but one man, is not made for those, whoe are worthy to be loued of many.
But because the greatnesse of her quality, & the condition of Court permitted not this Princesse to be perpetuallie for her selfe, to be euer retired, incessantly speaking to God, or hearing God speake, to her; yet did not her hart indure, that any should enioy her to preiudice the comfort & contentment of her minde.
If sometimes the Landtsgraue needs would open his heart to giue passage to pensiue imaginations, & to that end imployed the charmes of musicke, it was but in singing some holy poëme.
But in midst of most ordinarie sollaces her heart perpetuallie turned towards the North of the crosse, her minde rested in the tranquillity [Page 24] of her thoughts; This muske ceased not to smell sweetly, euen in places least sauouring of piety. She neuer appeared in publique with ornaments sutable to a Princesse, of so noble & high extraction, that she promised not her soule, to auenge it in conuenient tyme at the charge of her body, for all these vanityes.
Entring one day into the Church, vpon some solemnity which by the custome of the world permitted her not to be otherwise seene then well attired, casting her eyes vpon the Crucifixe, she sayed to her selfe; must my head sparkle with diamonds & pretious stones, my fingers with rings, & I behold on this crosse the head of my Sauiour crowned with thornes, and his hands pierced with nayles? Then prostrating her selfe on the earth, she besought God to doe her the fauour she [Page 25] might intermingle the acerbityes of the Crosse with all the felicityes the world could affoord her.
She knew heauē was to be opened with two keyes; the one of gould, which is prayer; the other of iron which is affliction: she carryed them both all the dayes of her life. Prayer was continuallie hanging on her tongue, & she euer hanging on the Crosse. The image of our lady of Hall neare Brussells came from her deuotion, & it is said, was brought thether by Sophia her daughter marryed to Henry the 2. Duke of Brabant.
As she was indefatigable in prayer, so was she inuincible in afflictions: for her courage went before them: she held them as Embassages sent from Heauen; she receiued them answerable to the greatnesse & Maiesty of such a Monarch of the [Page 26] world, on whom all the earth dependeth who ill intreateth an Ambassadour, plainely discouereth a neglect of the Prince, that sent him.
The life, which tasteth noe afflictions is a dead Sea, which produceth nothing. The Soule not visited, is as abandoned by the Phisitian. The land where perfect contentment of minde groweth, is ploughed vp by the share of torments, sowed with ashes, watered with teares & hedged round about with thornes. And although she abode in the delights of the world, she no more tasted of them, then the fish of the Seas brackishnesse. The brightest dayes seemed duskie nights to her being rightly instructed, that he who will weare Coronets of flowers in this world, beareth those of thornes in the other, & he [Page 27] who soweth sorrowes in this life shall reape comforts.
Her nature was too generous, and too good not to resent the cruell, & tragicall death of the Queene of Hungary her mother, who was slayne by a hand furiously transported with iealousy & reuenge, which drenching the Court in vnspeakable amazement, made her see, that by how much the more violent the heates are, soe much the more impetuous are the windes; great afflictions fall vpon great prosperities.
It was in the tyme when all Europe stretched out a benigne arme to Christians, surcharged & oppressed in Soria by the armes of Infidells. The God of Hostes had giuen two blowes in fauour of the trueth of religion. One in Spaine against the Moores, who lost at the battell [Page 28] of Nauas two hundred thousand men astonished vpō the sight of the Crosse borne by the Archbischop of Tolledo, who marched in the front of the Christian army: The other a yeare after this in Fraunce against the Abbigenses, that were defeated with the Count of Tholouse their leader, & the king of Arragon their protectour.
These two victories obtayned, animated the Christian Princes to seeke out the common enemy at home, & to cast the fire of warre into the entrayles of his Empire. For which purpose, the Croisaide was resolued on & decreed in the councell of Lateran, one of the greatest & most eminent Assemblyes that euer hath been in Christendome: for besides the Embassadours from all Princes, there were two Patriarkes, seauenty Archbishops [Page 29] foure hundred and twelue Bishops, eight hundred other prelates.
First the zeale to the seruice of God, & next the compassion of the miseryes, which Christians suffered in Soria obliged Christian Princes to hasten to their ayde, since Elephants draw their fellowes out of the ditch, & Gilt-heads free their companions from snares.
Desire of glory & reputation which is the spurre wherwith these lyon-like hearts awaken, and doe incite their generous spirits, stirred vp the most religious princes to carry the Croisaide, esteeming it no lesse glory to raise the tropheys of the crosse on the frontiers of Egipt, then did Alexander by erecting two altars in the vtmost confines of the Indyes, & Hercules two pillars on the bounds of his nauigation.
[Page 30]It was desired this enterprise might haue a Commander capable for the conduct of a roiall army, and to returne victorious. Andrew king of Hungary, & Transiluania by a common consent was chosen out for this charge, which he accepted with that content, wherewith the heartes of great Princes are euer possessed when they meete with occasions, which free them from parity or corriuallship with others. It could not fall into better hands although in the pursuites of ambition great honours willingly submitt to those, who goe slowest, as the Hart many tymes yields himselfe to the man, that least chased him.
Hauing then taken away all affections from his owne will, to become obedient to that, which God discouered vnto him by this election, [Page 31] he mustred all the forces of his kingdome, and thereunto added those of his neighbours, to ioyne with the Christian Army at Constantinople. He left the Princes his sonnes vnder the charge of the Queene his wife, & indeed all of them together vnder the prudence & fidelity of the Count of Bankban, whom hee made Lieutenant Generall in high, & low Hungary.
His absence caused great griefe in his Court, but the arriuall of the prince brother to the Queene sweetned them, that so they might be seasoned with a strange bitternesse. He was of an age wherein lust begins to warre against vertue, & where with Hercules was forcibly assailed by attraction of the one, to forsake the other. His heart was a fortresse which as yet had neuer receiued garrison, hee hauing preserued [Page 32] it in the first liberty of its birth-Loue surprised it by gayning the eyes, which were the sentinells.
He sawe among the Ladies of Court attending on the Queene his sister the Countesse of Banckban: He iudged her the fairest, & found her one of the wisest: Her beauty was not an vncomly hostesse in an handsome house; For she obeyed vertue which held it in propriety, & neuertheles fell into discord with her honour. Loue against her liking & with out her consent made vse of her eyes, for all manner of artillery. They were fires to burne, arrowes to wound, burning mirrours to turne the vessells of those into cinders, who vndertooke to sayle on this sea of the Courte, & loue. Yet neuer durst he attempt this Minerua, it being impossible to finde her idle. The prince [Page 33] who ever had beene for him selfe, was now for her, so soone as euer he beheld her.
This passion forcing with its violence, those things which cannot be inforced, commaunded its liberty to manifest its seruitude. He thought himselfe too couragious not to tell her of it, & her too courteous not to hearken to it. Princes, though all things stand faire for them, are not free from trouble in these first circumstances; for indeede they thinke ceremonies are not made, but for such as are on equall termes; if they vse them, they vould haue them accounted an honour, that their intreatyes may commaund, & that noe fauour be so great, which they must not buy at a costly rate.
The torment of the prince which should be lesse cruell discouered, [Page 34] then concealed, redoubled the violence there of, so soone as his tongue had vnfolded to the Countesse the euill which his eyes had done to his heart. For this first view, which was but a single desire became all loue, & by these approaches, he tourned into fury, & an vniust conspiracy against her honour.
The Countesse in stead of accepting the power which the Prince offered her ouer his heart, made it appeare vnto him she neither regarded his suite, nor affection, though it were the most ardent, which true loue might tender to a heart well beloued, and that hers could not receiue any impression, then of the lawfull loue of her husband.
The Prince meeting with such & soe couragious resistance, & despayring to ouercome this resolution discouered to his Sister all the [Page 35] woundes of his soule, found noe comfort but in her affection, who shewed her selfe not insensible of his torment.
We haue often seene seruants, who haue betrayed their Mistresses, but it is a prodigious thing, when we behould seruants betrayed by their mistresses. Shee conspired in fauour of the Prince her Brother against the honour of the Countesse, and promised him to gaine her to his desire, either by loue or force.
The next ensueing night the conspiracy was executed, the body vanguished the heart inuincible. There was but one night betweene this iniury, & the reuenge, which, transported the Count of Banckban in to such furie, that earlie in the morning he stab'd his dagger into the bosome of the Queene, who had beē a bad Mistresse to be a good Sister.
[Page 36]Heere it is where humane iudgment must strike sayle, and cast it selfe into the vast Ocean of those of the liuing God, in comparison of which, the most cleare seeing eyes are Owles in the rayes of the sunne.
Of one same mother were borne two Sisters, Gertrude, who turned away from the feare & loue of God, & Hedwige, whose life was so replenished with piety, & adorned with so many vertues, that she hath beene canonized for a Saint; Sorrowes violent & vnexpected are not for simple discourses. Those are not great which can be expressed. This accident by some esteemed parricide, by others iustice, offended & scandalized the whole Court, & layed incurable woundes on the Sowle of the Princesse Elizabeth, but she for all that murmured [Page 37] not against God, whose wisedome she adored with all humility, hauing her eye in this mishap, noe more troubled, then her heart.
Time and patience, which cure all disturbances nourished, & gaue increase to hers
Shee not so much reflected on the death of the body, as she entred into strange apprehensions for the health of the Soule.
The Count of Banckban hauing sett the affaires of the kingdome in good order, his wife & Family into safegard, went to Constantinople to cast himselfe at the feete of the king, making him both iudge & auenger of the fact, which hee confessed to haue committed by a powerfull instigation, & for the which he at the least much repented him.
Teares hastned in ayde of [Page 38] the words, which sorrowe stopped in his breast.
Yet for all this, amazement could not seyze on the kings heart, If he in middest of armes shedd teares, to vapour out his griefe by them the sorrowe to haue lost a good wife & his children a good mother, would make them to powre them out in aboundance.
He patiently heard the Count of Banckban and prudently, aunswered, that at his returne he would vnderstand the trueth of this matter; That those who are present neuer want excuses, & the absent euer suffer wrong. That he would heare his brother in lawe & the allyes of his wife. He sent him backe againe to continue his seruice. Although he were cōuinced by his owne confession, & that soe straunge an act required some exemplar punishment, [Page 39] yet hee would not dishonour the happy beginnings of his voyage, by acts of such seuerity, nor leaue the army to retourne into Hungary.
The rendeuous was in Cyprus, all the shippes arriued there: It was aduised on what side the enemy should be assayled.
Particulier interest entreth into consultation with the principall of them. The king of Cyprus desires it may be vpon on side, He of Ierusalem hath designes vpon another.
The king of Hungary that knewe a Generall of an army ought to haue eyes in his shoulders, to leaue nothing behind, which might hinder him to proceede any further, was of opinion the fortresse of Mount Thabor should bee besieged. The Count of Tripoly diuerteth this [Page 40] resolution & caused the Army to march before Damiatta, hauing first attempted to surprise the Fort of Thabor, where blowes were giuen and taken at so small a distance, that the Infidells might see, not onely flyes, but euen the little Crosses, which were vpon the Christians Targetts.
The king of Hungary seeing the enterprises were mannaged without iudgement, & that priuate passions ouerthrewe the best Counsells intended for the publique good; that the most valiant stood more in neede of a Buckler, then a sworde, grewe into distast, and hauing left among the knights of Saint Iohn of Ierusalem great proofes of his bounty, as hee from them had receiued of their valour & affection, hee returned into Europe, & left the charge of his army to those [Page 41] who resembled the prouince in which they fought, exteriourly hott, as being one of the nearest to the torrid Zone, & within extreamely cold.
After a ten monthes siege the Christian army entred Damiata, the first Standard which appeared on the wall was that of Florence, which at that tyme was a white lilly in a red field. The Conquerors for all their booty found nothing, but rivers of bloud, & heapes of the dead; for of seauenty thousand who defended this Citty there were reckoned vp, but three thousand meager discomfited Creatures, that looked like frightnig Ghostes.
The Christians kept not this Citty so long tyme as they had spent in taking it: For besieging grand Cairo, in the season when Nilus ouer floweth, they sawe them [Page 42] selues soe assayled by waters, that their victuall & munition being drowned, they could finde no safety, but in a happy composition to depart, & yeild vp Damiata.
As Nilus tooke from them all meanes to drawe neare to the towne, so the Sultan of Egipt cut them of from all passages of retreate. Those, who heretofore commaunded without condition are inforced to receiue lawe of the enemy, who left them noe other fruit of their conquest, but the shame not to bee able to keepe what they had gotten.
The king of Hungary, who could not triumph ouer his enemyes in the holy land, serued as a Trophey to the Princesse of Ferrara: For passing through this Citty to Venice, and from thence to Insprucke, he sawe in her, perfections of beauty [Page 43] so admirable, & wonders of loue so absolute, that hee submitted all his affections to her power. His eyes had no other obiect, his fantasy no other imagination, his minde no other discourse, his heart no other conference, his mouth no other name, then of the Princesse. His memory was so replenished with her meritt, that it noe longer would admitt any thoughts of the tragicall death of his first wife.
Hee vnfolded his heart vnto her; Saying, his affection was such, that hee was wholly vnable to stirre any further, but to enioy the contentment of her company. Kings are neuer refused; Hee spake of it to the marquesse of Ferrara, and intreated he would giue him the Princesse his daughter to succeede, not to the vnhappinesse, but to the dignity of Gertrude his first wife. [Page 44] Hearts consenting, bodyes were quickly vnited, & the King of Hungary entred into his kingdome, with the sole triumph of the loue, & beauty of a worthy Princesse.
The first act after his mariage, and returne, was the processe against the Count of Banckban. The opinions of his Counsell being better pondered, then resolued, hee was freed, but in such sort, that the rest of his life was to him but a liuing death; for those who either through duty & affection were obliged to the memory, & honour of the Queene prosecuted him in his person, his fortune, and his family as an execrable parricide, yea euen they, who had promised the king neuer to search any further into the matter, redoubled their prosecution, thinking oathes might be broken without periury, [Page 45] and benefitts forgotten without ingratitude, to maynteyne points of honour.
The king, who for the loue of the liuing had allmost blotted out the memorie of the dead, disposed his thoughts to congratulations of ioy vpon the Queenes entrance into his capitall Citty of Bude, which was at that tyme the theater of Northern magnificence, a City faire rich & great, bearing the surname of Attilaes brother, who caused it to be built on the banck of Danubius.
This ioy which soe puffed vp many hearts, shrunck vp with sorrowe the heart of the Princesse Elizabeth, who was sent for by the king her father to entertayne the Queene, and to augment by her presence the comfort of his returne from the Eastern warres. Shee inforced [Page 46] her selfe, & accommodated the temper of her countenance to the humours, & contentments of the king her father, but in secret she still had in store new teares to bewayle this old griefe for the death of her mother.
It is not vntruely sayd, that one sorrowe ordinarily serues as a medicine for an other; she stayed not long in Marpurg, but returned thence to meete the Landtsgraue her husband, at which tyme her constancy was assayled by a newe affliction.
Death iealous of the long peace, and concord of their mariage, conspired with fortune to separate them, and not daring to vndertake it without the helpe of vertue, they agreed to adde an occasion, in the pursuite whereof it was more glorious to dye, then to liue in distance.
[Page 47]All Europe was terrifyed with the happy successe of the Infidell army in Egipt. The Emperour Frederick Barbarossa, who had maryed the daughter of the king of Hierusalem was humbly besought & intreated togeather with all the Christian Princes to succour the Christians. He appointed a great part of them to meete at Cremona, there to aduise vpon meanes to secure the affaires of Christendome against the attempts of Pagans, and to Saue Hierusalem from their tiranny. All sayed they must hasten thither but fewe were willing to be present in soe perilous, and tedious a voyage. The Landtsgraue animated them all to soe holy a warre, and offered himselfe to followe the Emperour thither. He was reputed able to leade the wholl Armye, & to be Generall of it.
[Page 48]The king of Hierusalem pressed so much to haue it sett forward, least delay might render it vnprofitable, that the Lādtsgraue being inforced to depart, had not leisure to returne into Thuringia, preferring the aduancement of the publique cause before his owne affections. The adieu which hee sent by wryting to the Princesse Elizabeth his wife, serued him then for a voyage into the other world.
The army was mustered at Brindisi, where the Emperour fell sicke. It was assaulted by so many stormes and tempests, that diuers aduised for the returne of it into Europe. The Landtsgraue caused the chiefe of them to assemble togeather, to lett them knowe it was more shamefull to retire backe, then perilous to passe on. Hee spake to them in this manner: The tyme [Page 49] (Sirs) wee loose in consulting vpon our returne, will condemne vs of cowardize if wee passe noe further. Words are vnnecessary, when there is question, not to liue, but to march on. I lead not fresh-water souldiers: passed daungers ought to make these to be scorned, which are before vs; More glory may be found in the trueth of that, which wee nowe are, then in the vanity of what wee haue beene. Wee are not vpon the Sea, but to goe on couragiously in the face of death, when it is presented; and to expect it with a firme constancye. Followe me, for you shall neuer beare the first brunt, nor will I withdrawe my selfe from daungers, to thrust you vpon them.
All with gestures, vowes, and voyces seconded the braue exhortations of the Landtsgraue, & every [Page 50] one protested either to leaue his head in Asia, or to returne with it into Europe crowned with lawrel, not any of them but much desired to gather the Palmes, which Palestine produceth.
But this first feruour became a grosse surge of smoake, which vanished in an instant: For the army being ready to assault, sawe it selfe assayled by a malady, winch contagiously dispread thoroughout all the Nations and seuerall bands. The Emperour Frederik grew very sicke, and the voyage absolutely fruitlesse.
The Landtsgraue dyed there and with him the hope of the Christians to aduaunce the triumphs of Godfrey of Boulon.
Hee dyed for griefe to behould his hopes stopped in the middest of their carreere. False hopes of [Page 51] the worlde They lift men vp like young Children to the braunch of a Tree and in an instant take their shoulders away, which supported them, and leaue them hanging in the ayre. Hee commaunded his body to be layed in the tombe of his Auncestors in Thuringia, and forgot nothing necessarie for the good of his estate. His memory and iudgment being vigorous to sett all in order, made it appeare, that those neglect not them selues in death, who forget not God in their life.
The newes of his death was instantly caryed to the Princesse Elizabeth who found her selfe drenched in an Abisse of sorrowes, when she read those expresse dead wordes of the liuely affection of the Landtsgraue, written by him a little before his death, in these termes.
Madame, I am not in a condition [Page 52] eyher to counterfet, or disguise my thoughts, since so little tyme is left me to render them pure and sincere to him, who knowes them. Liuing with you the deare moity of my selfe, I haue desired nothing so much, as the study of trueth, nor will I admitt that my end contradict my life: to giue you assurance, that as I haue not sought to preserue it but for you, soe it troubles me not to dye, but absented from you. The Sunne shewes himselfe more lustrous when hee setts, the loue I beare you was neuer more perfect, then in the period of the occident of my life, which openeth vnto mee the day-breake of immortallity. Farewell (sweetest); I should grieue for the sorrowe you will entertayne, did I not knowe you haue wherewithall to defend your vertue from the outrages of fortune.
[Page 53]Lo, a stroke of dolour and affliction, which shooke, but overthrewe not the cōstācy of Elizabeth, God was pleased the temptation should not exceede the power of her resistance.
Her good nature hauing powred out a torrent of teares of sorrowe, her heart afforded on Ocean of ioy, considering the Landtsgraue was freed from the miseryes of life more brittle then glasse, lighter then smoake, swifter farre and more empty, then the winde. Then lifting vp her hands, & eyes to heauen, she gaue God thankes for this afflictiō, by which he had restored her to the liberty she so much desired, to be wholly consecrated to his seruice.
Nowe it is (o lord) nowe is the tyme (said she) that I with more liberty will wayte on thee, behold me free, that I may forsake these lower playnes, and with alacrity ascend [Page 54] vp to Mount Thabor. Behold me discharged from that, which was most deare vnto me in this life, I haue nothing else to loose, & who knowes whether I had not been vndone, without this losse.
The comforts of her mariage, and the greatnesse of her condition had not at all extinguished in her the true contentments shee proposed to her selfe in a priuate, and solitarie life. Shee often sayed, her husband was the flower of the field, that could not be found in Cityes. That the Temple of repose was built in the Suburbes. That the honey of the Soule was made in the hyue of solitude.
This death brought that life to her, which she desired, and that she might wholly and entirely vowe her selfe to it, she disarrayed her selfe from all pleasures of the world. she [Page 55] gaue to Churches, Colledges and Hospitalls, all which she in her Cabinet had of most price: much more esteeming the charity of almes then the guift of miracles, because (sayd she) man is bound to God by miracles, and God to men by almes. She cheerefullie gaue, not with a countenance denying what she had presented. She gaue speedily, neither wearying patience, nor intreatyes. Teares (sayd she) which auayle little with men, are very powerfull with God, to gayne heauen.
Shee daily fed nine hundred poore people, and this largesse was accounted prodigality by those, who iudged her deuotion to be hypocrisy, her zeale and humility, grosse folly. Henry Brother of Lewis hearing of his death, seized on the fortresses and banished the Princesse, who [Page 56] found no retreate: so much the feare to displease the strongest, and awe of the most powerfull doeth oversway affections.
She went to a Church and there caused the Canticle of triumph, & ioy to be sung, for the fauour which God had done, by setting her into a Course of life, that she by the lawe of her condition expected not, hauing euer desired pouerty without hope to attayne it.
Yet for all that, she lost not the generosity of her birth; Riches could not make a Coward of the valiant, nor pouerty a magnanimous heart, to become sordid; for shee was not ashamed at all, but of those who liued ill, and of such as were onely poore against their wills.
Fortune coulde not take that away which she gaue her not. The greatnesse of her courage is exalted, [Page 57] & continueth greene among iniuryes, as Iuy in ruines.
She persisted in this patience till the arriuall of the Landtsgraues body at the meeting of which, reason that excuseth teares in euills remedilesse, dispensed not with her without aboundance. Many great Lords of Germany & Sicely, who had perfourmed this last office to this great Prince, seeing his widowe was reduced to straights vnworthy the House from whence shee sprang, gaue Henry to vnderstand they would not depart the Country, vntill she were restored to an estate suteable to her worth, & that they resolued to enforce him thereunto. Hee allowed her one of the good liest houses of the Country for her habitation, whereof she made vse not to liue, but that shee might learne to dye therein. Piety [Page 58] which with her was of more valew then life, chaunged this Castle into a monastery, where she liued with vnspeakable austerity.
Good bloud makes not more hast to the wounded part, then the king of Hungary aduertised of the Landtsgraues death, did to the sorrowes of his daughter to comfort her. He dearely loued her, and although hee had other children, hee kept most loue in store for her, as the Eagle euer affecteth one of her young more then the rest. But being informed she despised the world, he dispatched a principall lord of his Court to intreat her (and, if commaunds were not powerfull enough, to adde thereunto the authority of a king to cause her,) to retourne into Hungary, as also in the meane tyme to assure her, that as the glory and meritt of the seruices, [Page 59] which the Prince her Husband had done to Christendome remayned for a Comfort, & increase of state & patrimony to his children, so it inclyned his disposition to let her see this accident should not in any sort impayre her condition.
But he found her nothing flexible to his perswasions, nor well pleased with his propositions. Her eyes were too cleare, not to knowe that the gould of worldly promises is sophisticate, and that as the Sunne canot be better seene, then in cleare & pure water, soe true content of minde, may not rightly be estimated, but in Soules purged & purifyed from the cares and embroylments of the world.
Behold her Fathers letter.
Daughter, Fortune assayleth, not for slight causes the courages of those who are of your quality: she hath [Page 60] inuaded you on that side where she thought to ouercome your constancy, and triumph ouer your vertue. It is the death of the Landtsgraue which extreamely grieues me, because you haue lost a good Husband, and the Christian world a great Captayne. My affliction is so much the more harsh and insupportable to me, in that I heard of his death before his malady, and that one and the same instant sawe me to applaude the successe of his voyage, the miracles of his life, and to bewayle the accident of his death. I should wrong your iudgement to comfort you, in matters, which you vnderstand to be remedilesse. I had rather assure you, that he who called your Husband to heauen, reserueth a Father for you on earth, more desirous then euer, to make you so happy by a second [Page 61] mariage as you had occasion to be pleased with your first. Abillity in me shall not be more difficult, then will. But I shall euer leaue your disposition at liberty, most confident you will not inclyne it to resolutions contrary to the age wherein you are, nor to the counsells of those who loued you before you were capable of loue. Come hether then to reape the fruits, & afford this contentment to the desires, and prayers of your father.
SHe was not much troubled what aunswere she should make to this letter; with the same hand wherewith she receiued it, she wrote these lynes, saying as Olympius, that if God had been pleased she should haue continued in the company of a man, he neuer had bereaued her of a husband.
S. r (sayd she) I cannot thinke God hath called one moity of my selfe to heauen, to suffer the other any long tyme to languish heere, and though for his iustice sake, & the punishment of my sinnes, it should please him to prolong my dayes, it will not be to reduce me backe againe into the seruitude from which I am freed. As to satisfye you, I loued no man but my Lord the Landtsgraue, so for his loue none liuing shall be affected by me, to possesse either my heart, or body. I gaue vnto the world the flowers & fruits of mine age, you ought not to thinke it amisse, if I reserue for heauen the last honour of the tree, and that poore verdure which in the springtide thereof already beginneth to waxe pale, & withered; an euident signe that the immutable renouation, [Page 63] which I hartily wish, is not farre of. If you hinder the vowes I haue made of perpetuall continency, you shall be the sole authour of my death, as you were one of the causes of my life. Your Court whereūto you inuite me shall be to me a death, life a prison, the world a hell; you shall chaunge the name of a Father into that, which can noe way belong to you, but by forcing a will which God him selfe permitts to be free, in her who remayning his faithfull seruant, desires also to rest your most humble Daughter.
The king of Hungary hearing this resolution, did all he could to diuert her from it. Many Princes vpon the bruit of soe aboundant perfections, wherewith she replenished all Europe sought her in a second wedlocke. Shee continually expressed [Page 64] she neither could, nor would marry. That if her excuses were not taken for denyalls, and her resolutions for reasons, she would slitt her nose, thrust out her eyes, so disfigure her selfe, that not any should desire her. From that tyme forward she became the fable, and floute of the world, the scorne of great ones, the shame and rebuke of her nearest Allyes, her zeale was accounted folly, her deuotion hypocrisy, her simplicity sottishnesse her retirednesse melancholy. Some sayd vnto her she did well to liue more vertuouslie & piously then the rest of her sexe, but to liue lesse noblie was basenesse, and in this extraordinarie manner meere giddinesse.
Another life, another manner of liuing. We must in matter of religion, as in nauigation beyond the [Page 65] Pole arctique, haue another heauen, other starres, another Pole. When one is arriued to this point of forsaking the world, another science must be learned, another spiritt, another intention, when we loose the North starre of will, wee must take vnto vs, that, of obedience. The life of those great soules, which liue in Heauen although they breath on earth, hath a course much contrary to that of the world as the starres.
All the actions of this Princesse directed to the honour of God, stood out the shott of the arrowes of enuy and Calumny. She no whitt regarded, what the people (bad censurers of good workes) sayed of her. She reioyced when those bladders of slaunder emptyed them selues on her of the poyson, wherewith they were filled.
[Page 66]Besides her heart was soe large and ample, that these petty iniuryes were quite lost vpon her, her Soule onely liuing on wormewood, had noe gall in it.
The innocency, and simplicity of her life had the same vertues against calumnyes, which the little stones of Nilus, that keepe dogges from barking. The wicked in the end were constrayned to chaunge their scorne into admiration of a life, more like to that of Angells then of mortalls.
She raysed her arme to the highest triumph whereunto vertue might reach, not onely tollerating iniuryes, but doing good to any that wronged her. Some maleuolent tongues thinking to fixe the sting of their slaunders vpon her memory the more to afflict her, spake ill of her, and touched her to the [Page 67] quicke, although the innocency of her life, and the purity of her actions made her insensible of such woundes: but naturallie, falshoods vexe and penetrate the Soule more then truthes. All her reuenge was to pray to God for the calumnious, and in this her oraison, shee heard a voyce from heauen, assuring her that of soe many prayers as were made by her, that, which she offered in the behalfe of her enemyes had been the most acceptable.
Euery one sawe the euill she suffered, and not any the good she did, her night watchings and austerityes. Such holy actions are lighted torches, suddenlie put out with the first blast of vanity, and presumption, if humility couer them not.
In this long and tedious way she neuer looked backward, nor stayed at the golden apples, to slacken her [Page 68] speed. The more she drewe nigh ro her end, the more she desired to attayne it. The nearer she approached to the center, the more stable she became. She was a widdowe at twenty yeares of age, she vowed her selfe to the third order of Saint Frauncis at twenty one, wherin she liued and died happily. She went out of the world, as out of a Babilon, finding nothing therein to satisfye her soule, nor to ease the langours, or shorten the length of the miserable condition of life, where the most prosperous waxe olde, rather with anxiety, then yeares.
A resolution truly worthy of a heart so resolute. It onely appertayneth to generous hearts to resolue vpon so violent chaunges, and to make such leapes from earth to heauen.
[Page 69]She liued and died so blessedly, & the sanctity of her life was testifyed by so many miracles, that Pope Gregory the nynth in full Counsell declared her a Saint, and ordayned the 27. of Nouember for her festiuall. Her body fower yeares after her death wholly entire, and odoriferous, was taken out of the earth, and sett vpon the Aultar of a Church dedicated to her name by the Archbishops of Colen, Mentz, and Breme. The Emperour was present at the ceremony, and to this Princesse (who liuing despised regall crownes, for that of thornes) hee presented a triple crowne of gould, as a witnesse of the perfections which had crowned the three conditions of her life. Shee had three children, Herman who succeeded his Father, and dyed at the age of Eighteene yeares, Sophia that [Page 70] was marryed to the Duke of Brabant, & another Sophia, who following the piety of her mother became religious at Kitzing in Franconia.
Behold how impossible it is to speake ill of those who haue liued well.