CHAP. 1. Of the Raunge of Officers, from the lowest to the Highest.

ALl the lowe inferior Raunges I haue a little touched before, both in the Accidence, and in the first part of this Grammar, but not so Methodically and order­ly as now I entend to proceed, and of the great and superiour Officers, I haue not made any mention at all; and therefore in this place I may not omitt them. Launcepe­sado.

The lowest Raunge and meanest officer in an Army is called the Launcepesado, or Launspresado, who is the leader or gouernour of halfe a File, and therefore is commonly called a Midle man, or Cap­taine [Page 2] ouer foure. He is the Corporals deputy, and in his absence, dischargeth his duties: the nature of whose place, his Office and dignitie, I haue at large set downe in the Souldiers Accidence: This is the most inferiour Officer or effectuall Comman­der, and therefore hath the lowest and last Range in Battailes, yet he holdeth his dignity by the antiquity of his Place, and the greatnesse of him vnder whom he is commanded: As the Launspesado vnder the Generall, is before the Launspesado vnder the Lieute­nant-Generall; that of the Sergeant Maior Generall, before the Colonell Generall; that of the Colonell of a Regiment, before his Lieutenant Colonell; the Lieuete­nant Colonell, before the Sergeant Maior of a Regi­ment; the Seriant Maior, before the Captaine; and the Captaines successiuely according to their anti­quities.

CorporallNext aboue the Launspesado is raunged the Corpo­rall, of whose particular Office I haue written suffi­ciently in the Souldiers Accidence. He is the Leader or Captaine of a Fyle, and the Commander of a Squa­dron, which commonly is twenty fiue Men; these take their ranges or places of dignitie as the former, that is, according to their antiquity, and the great­nesse of the Person vnder whome they are com­manded.

Sergeant of the Band.The next in range aboue the Corporall is the Ser­geant of the Band, whose particular Office I haue al­so at large set downe in the Souldiers Accidence; and howsoeuer his Name and Place be neglected and forgotten in the Roman Discypline, yet is he an Of­ficer with vs of great vse and eminence; he hath no certaine place or range within the Battalia, but is ex­trauegant [Page 3] and wandering vp & downe euery where, to see the Ranks and Files be kept, and that the Bo­die run not into any disorder; they also take their places of dignity and are ranged as the former, that is, according to their antiquity, and the greatnesse of the Person vnder whom they command.

Next to the Sergeant of the Band is ranged the Drum, The Drum whose place is Gentile and of great respect, for he ought to be a Souldier of much experience and iudgement, and (if possible) a good Linguist, that being sent to the Enemy vpon any occasion, he may be able to deliuer his Message without any In­terpreter or assistant, and also, to take notice of such thinges of importance as shall encounter with his eies or eares, whereby his owne party may be better­ed or secured; this Officer is ranged according to his antiquitie and greatnesse of place; that is to say, the Drum Maior of the Army hath the first and princi­pall range, then the Drumm Maiors of Regiments successiuely, according to the antiquities of their Colonells; and so all other Drums, according to the places of their Officers in chiefe & other Captaines. The Clarke of the Band

Next the Drum I range the Clearke of the Bande who although he be no Souldier, nor haue any Mar­tiall command in the Field, or before the face of the Enemy, yet ought he to be a Gentleman of good re­spect and well quallified, that is to say, he ought to be learned in all Martiall Lawes, whereby he may in­struct the Souldiers, and preuent Trespasses; he ought to be skilfull in accompts, because he is the Auditor which keepeth all sorts of accompts be­tweene the Captaine and the Souldier; as for his range, it is incertaine, for he hath no particular Place [Page 4] of preheminence, but so far forth as his honest ver­tue and faire demeanour carrieth him, so he is to be respected and preferred, and this range will fall fitte both with his quallity and place, as is seene in the generall experience both of our owne and other Armies; and this Officer houldeth the dignity of his place, not according to antiquitie, but according to the greatnesse and great office of the Person vn­der whom he serueth.

Next to this Officer I range the Chirurgion, The Chi­rurgion. who likewise is no Souldier, but holdeth the dignitie of his place from curtesie and good manners; he ought to be learned and skilfull in his profession, & there­by hauing wonne the heart of the Souldier, he need not doubt of reuerence; as for his range in generall, it is according to his desert and fayre demeanour; but in particular (and amongst his fellow Chirurgi­ons) the Chirurgion Maior hath the first range, and then the rest according to antiquitie, and the great­nesse of the Person vnder whom he serueth.

Now to returne againe to the Souldier: The next Officer which is ranged in the warrs is the Ensigne of the Band, The En­signe. or bearer of the Captaines Cullors; this Officer ought to be a Gentleman of great respect and trust, for his Captaines honour is deliuered into his care and keeping: Whence it came to passe that the antient Romans when they deliuered their Cul­lors to any mans trust, they did it with great ceremo­nie and solemnity, the partie trusted, receiuing them by oath, in the face of the Souldiers; and the Soul­diers likewise taking an oath for faythfulnesse to their Coullors, and this oath was called Militia Sa­crata: This Officer was called amongst the Romans, [Page 5] Signifer, or Bandopharus, whom they euer ranged next vnto the Captaine, as at this day the Spaniard doth, who will not allow any Lieutenant, because there shall not be any interposition betweene the Ensigne bearer and the Captaine; but our discipline altereth in this nature, and therefore the Ensigne ta­keth his range after his Lieutenant, and according to his antiquitie, or the greatnesse of the person vnder whom he commandeth, hauing superiour Office or place of command in the Armie.

Next to the Ensigne, is ranged the Lieuetenant of a Band, The Lieute­nant. whom (howsoeuer the Romans and Spaniards doe skippe and leape ouer, as a place neglected or forgotten) yet is he a Gentleman of singular trust and reputation, for he is his Captaines principall Councelor, and one that taketh all burthens from the Captaines shoulders: In the Captaines absence he performeth all the Captaines duties, comman­deth as Captaine, and in his presence is assistant to all the Captaines commandements, and an indifferent moderator in all questions betweene the Captaine and the Souldier: These Lieutenants take their ran­ges or places of dignitie according to the antiquitie of their Captaines, and the greatnesse of place in which they command; as the Lieutenant to the Ge­nerall, or the Liuetenant Generall are Captaines abso­lute: The Lieutenants of other great and superiour Officers, and the Lieutenants of Colonells are Captaines in curtesie, and may in a Court of Warre fitte as the puny Captaine of that Regiment in which he com­mandeth: The Lieutenants of Lieutenant Colonells are ranged next vnto them, then the Lieutenants of Serieant Maiors, and lastly the Lieutenants of Cap­taines, [Page 6] according to command and antiquitie.

Quarter MasterNext to the Liuetenants are ranged the Quarter Maisters of Regiments, who besides the deuision of Quarters, ought to discharge the office of Harbin­gers, for to make them two distinkt places is a sur­charge to the Army, and these take their ranges ac­cording to the dignitie of the Regiment in which they commande.

Prouest MarshallNext to the Quarter Masters are ranged the Pro­uost Marshalls of the best degree, and these take their places according to their ellection and antiquitie.

Aboue all these are ranged the Captaines, of which amongst the Romans were two seuerall kindes, the one called Centurion, or a commander of one hun­dred, the other Cohortis Praefectus, and commanded an whole Battalia, in which were diuers Centurions, and yet but one Ensigne; and these at this day are those which we call Colonells: But for the priuate Captaine (of whom we speake) he is (or ought to be) a Gentleman of great wisedome, courage and iudge­ment, wise in the election of his Officers and the manage of his affaires, valyent in the executing of all manner of commands and the contempt of dangers, and excellent in iudging of all occurrances and oc­casions, by which great perrils may be preuented, and the lesser so qualified, that they may weare no vizzard of amazement: These Captaines take their ranges according to their antiquities, or the places of great Office wherevnto they are aduaunced.

[...] Maior of RegimentsNext to the Captaines are ranged the Sergeant Ma­iors of Regiments, being principall Captaines in the Regiment wherein they serue, and hauing power vpon all commandements, to imbattaile and forme [Page 7] the Regiment according to the forme and demon­stration appointed by the Sergeant Maior generall: These Officers take their range according to anti­quitie, and the dignitie of the place wherevnto they are called, (that is to say) before euery priuate Capiaine.

Next to these are ranged the Liuetenant Colonells of Regiments, Lieutenant Colonells of regiments who are a degree aboue the Sergeant Maior, and are Gentlemen of noble and braue quallity, euery one in the absence of the Colonell go­uerning as the absolute Colonell; their range holdeth according to antiquitie and no otherwise.

Next aboue these are ranged the Colonells, who in in dignitie of place are as farre aboue the Captaines, Colonells of regiments as the Captaines aboue the priuate Souldier; they command in their Regiments sometimes fiue hun­dred, sometimes a thousand, sometimes fiueteene hundred, and sometimes two thousand, according to the trust reposed, and the vertues of him trusted: These Colonells are ranged according to their anti­quitie, or the greatnesse of the place they hold, the eldest Colonell (being euer Magister de Campo, or, Campe Master) holding the first or primer place, and all the rest successiuely according to antiquitie: This Officer was of great account amongst the Ro­mans, and had diuers attributes giuen to their ver­tues, being sometimes called Drungarius sometimes Tribunus or Militum, Chiliarchus, and the like; and when their commands came to be aduanced as to be made Campe Master or Colonell Generall, then they were caled Turmarca, Merarca or Turmarū Praefec­tus, so great was the estimation of this high cōmand.

Next these is ranged the Sergeant Maior Generall, Sergeant maior generall [Page 8] whom the Romans called Tessararius, he ought to be a man of noble quallity and high vallour, in asmuch as all his actions (for the most part) are executed in the face of the Enemy, and he is euermore of the Councell of Warre.

Colonell Ge­nerall.Next him is ranged the Colonell Generall, a man of equall vertue and guifts with the former, especially he ought to be exceeding temperate and iust, for vpon him resteth the according of all differences of great nature which shall happen in the Army; and he is also euermore one of the Councell of Warre.

Liuetenant Generall of the Horse.Next him is ranged the Liuetenant Generall of the Horse, who hath the same command, and dischar­geth the same dutie amongst the Horsemen that the Colonell Generall doth amongst the Foote, and he is euermore also one of the Councell of Warre: This Officer was called among the Romans, Magister E­quitum, or Praefectus Equitum; he hath a generall command ouer all Horsemen whatsoeuer, whether they be Men at Armes which were called Cataphra­ctos; or Light Horsemen, which were called Expedi­tos Incursores; he is also euer of the Councell of Warre.

Treasurer of the ArmyNext this Officer, is ranged the High Treasurer of the Army, who amongst the antient Romans was called Quaestor; this man is vnder no command but the Generall onely, yet is to draw his eye and respect through the whole Army, especially he is to haue regard to the Auditor, Muster Master, and Comis­sarie of the Armie, and is of the Councell.

Master of the Ord­nance.Next to this Officer, is ranged the Master of the Ordnance, who is a principall Officer of the Field, hauing command of all manner of Artillerie, Muni­tion, [Page 9] and Engines whatsoeuer, and is also one of the Councell of Warre.

The next great Officer is the Lord Marshall of the Field, Lord Mar­shall whose command stretcheth euery way, both to the Horsse and Foote; how excellent he ought to be, is not to be disputed, because he ought to be one of the best of Souldiers, hauing a prerogatiue to dis­anull forraigne lawes, and to make good whatsoeuer shall be thought fit in his owne Armie.

Next this great Officer, Lieuteant generall of the Armie is ranged the Liuetenant Generall of the Armie, who indeed is but the youn­ger brother to the Generall, and in his absence hath his soueraigne authority, and the absolute Rule of the Armie, being (as it were) a Superintendant ouer all the rest of the great ones.

Lastly, (as hauing no paralell, The Generall but carrying a su­preame and soueraigne authoritie ouer all the whole Armie) is ranged the Generall, whom the auntient Souldiers would alow to be no lesse then a King, va­luing this high Place at so great a rate, that they thought the best Subiect too meane to vndergoe it; But we finde it otherwise, and reason leades vs to better argument; for although Kings are the best Generalls, yet (God forbid) but they should haue that power and priueledge to elect out of their Noblest and best deserning Subiects, such able and sufficient Generalls as may take vpon them the gouernment of an armie, and not be tyed at all times and vpon all occasions to imbarque themselues into the danger of the Warres. Thus you see that Subiects may be Generalls, yet indeed none worthily but the best of Subiects, who for their excellent vertues draw the nearest in quality vnto Kings.

[Page 10] A second RangeThus haue I runne through the whole Range of great and small Offices, which support and gouerne an Army, and must of necessity be (for their Marshi­all imployment) in the range and martch thereof; yet notwithstanding I must confesse, I haue skipt or leapt ouer a range of Officers, which out of certaine priueledges which they haue, are more remote and abandoned from the Army, or else haue such places of particularitie and certainetie, that they doe not entirely mixe and ioyne with the grosse Bodie; be­sides, they haue another dependance, and indeed are called the particuler Officers belonging vnto the Caualarie or Horse Armie, and howsoeuer they haue Foote commands, yet they depend and waite vpon the Horse, and from the Lord Marshall take all their directions.

The Master Gunner,The first and the lowest of these is the Master Gunner, who is indeed but an inferiour Officer vnder the Master of the Ordnance; he hath athoritie ouer all the rest of the Gunners, and ought to see that eue­ry man performe his dutie: This Officer, though he had no place amongst the Romans, because the in­uention of Powder was not then found out, yet they had amongst them a kinde of Artillerie, which they called Arietes, Scorpions, Balistas, Arcubalistas, Testudines, Turres, and a world of other Engines, the Gouernor whereof was the same in nature that our Master Gunner is.

The Trench Master,Next aboue this Officer, is ranged the Trench Ma­ster, who hath command ouer all the P [...]ers in all their works, and by his directions seeth all man­ner of Trenches cast vp, whether it be for guard and inclosing of the Campe, or for other particuler an­noyance [Page 11] to the Enemy, or for the building of Scon­ces or other defence or offence, as directions shall be giuen.

Next this Officer is ranged the Waggon Master or Carriadge Master Generall, The Waggon Master, who amongst the Romans was called Impedimentorū Magistrū, the Master of Im­pediments or hindrāces in the Warres; for it is true, that frō nicenesse & curiositie, first grew the foundati­on of this Office; he hath supreame authoritie ouer al Waggons, Carriages, Sledds, and the like, and fore­seeth that they martch orderlie, without cloying vp the hie waies, or doing foule annoyances one to the other in their martches, with a world of other obser­uations, which are too long to recite in this place.

Next this Officer, The Forrage Master is ranged the Forrage Master Generall, who is a principall dependant vpon the Lord Marshall: To this Officers charge is deliuered the disposing of all manner of Horse prouisions, as Hay, Corne, Strawe, Grasse, Forrage, & the like, and he foreseeth that all inferiour Officers which haue charge herein doe their duties truely, and that e­quall distribution be made, and no Souldier hindred of his true alowance, and where fault is, to see due punishment executed on the offenders.

Next this Officer, The Victuall Master is ranged the Victuall Master Generall, to whose charge is deliuered all kinde of Foode and sustenance belonging to the Souldier, as Bread, Bisket, Butter, Cheese, Beefe, Poore-Iohn, Haberdine, Peafe, Wheate, Ryce, and the like, and by his inferiour Officers (which are called Prouant-Masters) he is to see that due distribution be made thereof amongst the Souldiers, according to allow­ance from the superiour Officers.

[Page 12] The Iudge MarshallNext this, is ranged the Iudge-Marshall, or Comis­sarie generall, who ought to be a learned Gentle­man and skillfull in the ciuill and Marshall Lawes, For he expoundeth them to the Souldier and giue­eth sentence vpon all Offenders and Offences; as they are decreed by a Marshall Court.

The Scout-MasterNext this Officer is Randged the Scout-Master Generall, who amongst the Romans was an Officer vnknowne, because they neuer lodged their Horse without the verge of the Campe, or the walls of the Towne as in our moderne warres now we doe, yet had the Romans their discouerers, which they called Scultators, or Speculators, or indeed Campiductores, who differed little or nothing in their charge and Office from these which we call Scoutes, or Scoute-Master; this Officer hath command ouer all Scouts, maketh ellection of places of danger where to place them, and giueth them all directi­ons which they are to obserue; his dependance is vpon the Lord Marshall, and he is a principall Coun­cellor in disposing of the Campe, and informeth the manner of the Horse Parado when the watch is to be set.

The Lieute­nant of the OrdnanceNext this officer is Ranged the Liuetenant of the Ordnance, who hath his generall dependance on the Master of the Ordnance, hauing vnder his charge the command of all the small Ordnance and Munition; and in the absence of the Master commandeth as the Master, both ouer the great and lesser Artillery and ouer all sorts of Officers depending vpon the Masters commandment,

The Muster Master ge­nerallThe last and greatest of this second range is the Muster master Generall, or Controuler of the Musters [Page 13] being an high and most necessary Officer in all roy­all Armies; his Office extendeth to the numbring of men, to the well Arming, ordering and disposing of bodies; to the preuenting of all manner of frauds and deceits in the Captains, and their inferiour Offi­cers: he hath the list of euery mans band, preuents alterations, hath the Controle of all inferiour Comi­saries vnder him, he appeaseth differences betwene Captaines and his Ministers, giueth out all the war­rants for full pay, Checketh all grosse defaults and is euermore one of the Counsell of warre.

Thus I haue shewed you a true range of all Officers in the warres, from the lowest to the highest, as also those which haue a Colatterall dependance, by which it is easily for any man to vnderstand how they be ioyned and linckt together; I will now descend to matters of other Importance.

CHAP. II. Of the seuerall Imbattalings of a priuate Company of 200. or otherwise.

THere hath bene, Differences in oppinions, touching a priuate com­pany, and is at this day, much dis­putation and Arguments amongst old and new Soldiers touching the composition or Number of a priuate Captains company, some allowing more as 200, or 250, & 300, nay at this day 500, in a priuate Captaines Command; others allow lesse, as but 50. or 100 or 150 at the most, But in both these there are extreamities; & as 250, 300 and 500 are more then any priuate man can well gouerne, for neither can his eye or voice extend either to instruction or cor­rection, the front will be so dilated and spread, for [Page 41] 500: men must euer carry 50: in brest; so likewise the number of 50: in the whole body is too few and nei­ther sorteth with dicipline, nor is an equall aduanc­ment for a well deseruing Captain; for if the Cap­taine of 100: men haue but 4 ^s per diem entertine­ment, then the Ceptaine of 50: can expect but 2 ^s per diem which is to little eyther to support his place, or maintaine the Ranke where vnto he is called.

It is true that the ancient Romans allowed their Captaines but 100: The Romās rule for com­panies. and ther vpon called them Cen­turions, and it is true also that this is an wholsome preportion both in respect of the entertainement, and easinesse of gouernement, and the forme of the Body, which being a true square they are euer most ready and proper for the forming and fashioning of any grosse body or Battell what soeuer; but not­withstanding the aptnesse and readinesse of this bo­dy; yet the necessity of affaires; the diligence and desert of well deseruing Spirits compells our Gene­ralls to allow other numbers, and as 100 men is thought sufficient for a Captaine at his first begining, so an 150, or 200 men to him that hath excellently deserued is but a competent aduancement and by the ayd of sufficient Officers may be gouerned and instructed in all perfecton, but to exceede this num­ber of 200: there will be euer errour found and ad­uancement will proue an hurt and Burthen.

The true composition of a Compa­nieSure then it must fall out in the Conclusion that 200 men is the only perfect number whereon to compound a priuate company: I will therefore take that number in hand and shew you the seuerall Im­battalings or formes of Battaile wherevnto they can be reducted: wherein you are first to conceiue [Page 15] that (according to our present discipline, this num­ber of 200: men is deuided into two bodies equall, or two distinct and seuerall weapons, that is to say, 100: Pyks, and 100 Shott or Muskets: the Pyks I doe expresse vnder this carracter (p) and the Shott or Musquetts vnder this carracter: (s)

The First imbattalling then of a Company of 200: The First Imbattaling of 200. men is to draw them into a forme or kind of Square Body, according to the forme of this figure following.

[Page 16]This Battayll you see allmost drawne to a Square by reason of the distance, for it is to be supposed, that now this body standeth at order in Files, which is three foote; and at open order in Rankes, which is Sixe foote: and so by extending the length the file is made as large as the front; and of all Bat­tailes this is the strongest and the best, being ablest to bring most hands to fight without disorder and the soonest repaired and amended whensoeuer it shall come to any ruine, for now it standeth ready for all motions what soeuer.

There is an other manner of Imbattailing of this number, when they shall encounter with a Troope of Horse, the order and proportion whereof is Contained in this figure following:

[Page 17]

[Page 18]Here in this Bataile you see how the ranks of Shott are drawne within the Ranks of Pikes and so couered and safeguarded that the Horsemen cannot charge or breake vpon, or through them, but with most eminent and certaine danger, for the vollyes lie rrady prepard, and the Pykes stand so that they cannot be enforced to any rout or disorder; And here you shall take a principall obseruation; that if the horse which shall charge this Battell of foote be Gentlemen at Armes, Armed Cap a pe: from head to foote; with strong Launces in their hands and Pistolls at the Saddle bow; and the Horse Armed also both with defensiue & offensiue Armor, then shall all the Pikes charge at the right foote and draw their swords ouer arme, euery man with his former foote linking in his leaders hinder foote; But if the Horse be but Curashieirs Armed from the head to knee, with long Pystols and vnarmed Hor­ses, then shall all the Pykes charge aboue hand, and not at the right foote, and shall also aduance for­ward in their charge and offer to encounter with the Horse, for their strength is such that it cannot be broken by vnarmed Horses, nor can they be ruin'd but by the vtter losse of the Horse Troope,

Now for the manner of the Salley of this inclosed Shotte, and how they shall giue their volley, to the most anoiance of the enemy, you shall perceiue it in the forme of this next figure following.

[Page 19]

[Page 20]Heere you see that in this Salley or giuing of the volly against the horse, one halfe of the Musquets (vpon the first appearance or approch of the Troope and before they come within distance to deliuer their pistols) Issueth fourth by the flanke, which by wheele or otherwise, by turning of faces you shall euer make the front, and being aduanced some small distance they presently spread foorth themselues in­to one single file, and so deliuer their volly alltogea­ther, whilst the other haulfe of the Shotte ascend in­to their places, and make ready, then that parte of the Shot which did Issue foorth, and haue giuen their volly, shall with all conuenient speede retire them­selues againe betwene the rankes, and Passe behind the Shot which filleth their roomes and there lade thire Musquets againe; whilest the Pikes charge ei­ther to the right foote, or alloft according to the na­ture of the Horse Troope which chargeth them; then the Horse wheeling about to recouer the second Pistoll the other halfe of the Shotte shall Issue out and deliuer their volly as the former.

Now if the Horse Troope shall happen to deuide it selfe and so charge the foote Battell on both sides, or if they shall range themselues and charge euery way, both before, behind, and on both sides, then shall the Shotte Issue out both wayes and girdle the Battaille round about, according to the forme and fashion of this figure following.

[Page 22]

[Page 22]Thus you see the Shotte issueth fourth equally on on both sides, and girdleth the foote Battalia round about, so that the volly is giuen entirely and with­out impeachment or trouble one of another, where­as to shoote ouer one anothers Shoulder or by making the First man kneele, the Second stoope, the Third bend his body, the Fourth leane forward, and the Fifte to stand vpright, and so to deliuer their volly were both rude and disorderly, bringing great danger to the Souldier, and placing them in such a lame and vncomely Posture, that all Agillity and aptnesse to doe seruice would be taken away and the enemy taking aduantage thereof would be much more ready and apte to breake in vpon them and driue them to rout and confusion.

There is an other forme of Imbattaling this com­pany of 200 men, and it is excellent either a­gainst foote or Horse, & hath so many seuerall waies to fight, and that with such strength and safety, that on which hand soeuer the Battaile shall be assailed, yet it will stand impregnable, the Shot so seconding the Pikes, and the Pikes so garding the Shot that e­uery way it will giue a certaine and Infallibe repulse vnto the enemy. This Battaile is a square Battaile as the rest before shewed; yet it is compounded of diuers squares or Maniples, which amongst the best experienced Souldiers is held the best and safest way of fighting, the forme of which Battaile is con­tained in this figure following.

[Page 23]

[Page 24]Heere you see eight seuerall squares brought into one square, and the ninth reserued voyd for the en­tertainement of the Ensigne, & such short weapons as shall attend it, which howsoeuer they be out of vse, in the Low-Countries, where groose Bodies, seldome or neuer Ioyne, yet with vs, where hand Battaile must continually be expected, they are not vnne­cessary, nor to be neglected. This forme of Bat­taile carrieth the front euery way, and vpon the all­teration of the face, is ready to receiue the charge foure seuerall wayes at once, with equall strength and oppositions; for euery square is a seuerall Ma­nuple, and one so answering to another that nothing but multitudes can subdue it.

There is againe another forme of Imbattailling these 200: men, which howsoeuer it carry an ima­ginary face of weaknesse, yet it is strong and sub­stantiall, and was indeede inuented through the false shew, to draw and bring the enemy on, who being once ingadged, in the open and weake places, the Maniples or small squares, at an instant retire, and Ioyne them selues togeather so strongly, that it is impossible for the enemy to come off without great losse or vtter subuersion.

This Battaile (as the former) is compounded of nine squares fullfilled and supplied, and of sixe emp­ty and vnsupplied, which may draw on, and intice the enemy to charge; but afterward by closing and Ioining together, frustrateth that hope, and leaues the euent to the hazard of fortune.

The forme of this politike and deceiuing Bat­taile is expressd in this figure following.

[Page 25]

Heere you see that though these empty places in the Battaile are reserued, whereby to entice the ene­my; yet they are so slanked on either hand and be­fore, both with Pikes and Shotte, that no approach [Page 26] can be made without danger: no if the Horse should attempt to charge and breake in, thinking to cut the Shot from the Pikes as in outward shew it seemeth likely; yet haue the Shotte such safe and seuerall places to retire into, and the Pikes standing so apt and ready to couer and entertaine them, that the assault is to no purpose, and the Battaile standeth still stronger and stronger.

The difference betwixt this Battaile and the for­mer is only the breach and seperation of Manuples, which being aduanced one from another (yet with­in the distance of guard) haue more liberty to fight, and may alter their proportions, or distances, as they please.

There is another forme of imbattailing these 200 men, and it is principally vsed against the Horse, especially, when they charge in the forme of a wedge, or Triangular, of which wedge I haue spo­ken more largely in the former part of this Gram­mer, and this Battaile also is drawne from a maine square, onely the weapons are altered, and the op­position of the Pikes are made strongest in the bot­tome of the Battaile; This Battaile was of greate vse amongst the Grecians before fire or powder was knowne, and many famous votaries, and Triumphs gotten by the vse thereof, and therefore hauing now fire and Shotte to assist the naturall strength thereof, it must needes be more acceptable and wor­thier of imitation.

This Battaile is drawne by diuision betweene the Middle men to the front, and the Middlemen to the reare, and betweene the Middle men to the right flanke, and the Middle men to the left, leauing the [Page 27] Shotte within the Pikes, in such manner, that vpon all assaults they may haue free vse of their Armes; and yet notwithstanding abide in safety in dispight of the enemy.

The forme of this Battaile is expressed in the next figure following.

[Page 28]Thus you see how this Bataile is interlined with the Shot, & guarded with the Pikes, so that although there be a field of entrance, yet it is a straight place of much danger; and howsoeuer the enemy may come on bouldly, yet he cannot but returne hea­uily.

Many other sorts of imbatialing there are, though none more necessary, as the battaile called Diamond, the Battaile Triangular, and such like; which Nouel­tie (I know) is desirous to search into; and the pro­portions I know at the first, carry a greate shew of much skill, and counning, especially to the ignorant, but being once waded into with Iudgement, there is nothing more facile or easie: therefore to draw a Diamond Battaile, first drawe your battaile into a square, according to the first figure in this booke; or for your better remembrance, according to this figure following which being but compounded of 144 men; may serue to expresse the manner and fashioning of 4000.

[Page 29]

Heere you behould the square or forme of a Battalia, now to reduce this to a Diamond, or imper­fect square, the Captaine shall come to the leader of the right hand file, (which is the first and princi­pall man of the company) and aduancing before him, shall wheele the whole company into a direct line, with the right point foreward, and the left point descending, as in this figure following.

[Page 30]

Heere you see that by drawing foorth of the Battaile, howsoeuer square at the first, yet by alte­ration of distance, it is brought into a perfect Dia­mond forme; and although the Pikes and Shotte keepe their places, as in the square, yet at your plea­sure you may change them, and draw the weapons to what part of the Battaile, and into what files your selfe pleaseth.

[Page 31]Now to bring this Diamond or any other Dia­mond into a perfect Triangular: you shall cut off the Diamond Battaile in the Middest, through the two midle extreame parts, and then will remaine vnto you two Triangulars, a greater and a lesse, which you may double or encrease, as you shall finde occasion; so that albeit by this diuision you find how to make this proportion, yet perceiueing how you may double and encrease both the files and rankes, (whose number is euer constant and certaine, according to the proportion of the Tri­angle) you may at pleasure without any diuision or seperation of body, forme this Triangle, out of the files and rankes onely. But because you shall not stand amazed at this businesse, I will in a few Char­racters, containe but a fewe men (which is the easiest for capasity) shew you how to bring a Diamond to a Triangle, as in this figure following appeareth.

[Page 32]Thus you see the Diamond is cut into two Tri­angles which being ledde seuerall wayes may serue as two Bodies, and that to exceeding good, and honorable purpose, for this Diamond, or sharpe pier­cing body, is of great force to enter and breake any square body, and being but entered in with the point, the rest of the body followeth with such or­der and strength, and so encreaseth and maketh the Breach greater, and greater, that the square body can hardly ioyne together againe, but falleth into rout, or into a retrait that is full as dishonorable, and to this purpose was this Diamond foote battaile first of all inuented.

There is againe another manner of imbattailing this priuate company of 200, which howsoeuer it be seldome or neuer vsed in fight, yet it is of excel­lent vse in the field, both before the framing of the battaile, & after the battell is framed, this manner of imbatailing, is when either any of the Captaines offi­cers would deliuer a priuate message to the compa­ny, which none but themselues should heare, or when the Captaine himselfe, would either giue se­cret directions, or imparte matter of instruction, or matter of reprehension, or when any other su­preame officer of the field, would deliuer to the company either encouragement or caution.

The manner of this imbattailing is in this wise, the Captaine shall first cause both the wings of Shot to stand still, hauing drawne them vp into their close order, then he shall aduance the first diuision of Pikes vpward, till the midle men of the Pikes to the reare be equall with the two first ranks of Shotte, and euery man in his close order, then [Page 41] shall the Subdiuision turne their faces about and de­scend downeward, till the middle men of the front be equall with the two last rankes of Shot, then ha­uing closed all strongly together, and turned euery face vpon the Center: The Captaine, Lieutenant, Ensigne, and such other Officers, as he will haue par­takers of his speech, shall come into the square void place of the Battaile, and there deliuer what seemeth good to himselfe; which finished, he shall reduce his Battaile backe into its first forme, as for the shape of Imbattelling for Parley, it will carry the proportion of this Figure following.

[Page 42]There be others which Imbattaile for speech or Parly much after this manner aforesaid, onely they straighten or make lesse the empty or void place in the midst, by making the Shotte first to double their ranks, then the first diuision of Pikes to ad­uance vpward, and the subdiuision of Pikes to des­scend downeward, and afterward to doe in all things as before, and then the forme of battaile will bee like this figure following.

[Page 43]In this forme of imbattailing though the center be straightned, yet the outward verge of the battaile is enlarged, so that though som doe heare and vn­derstand better, yet many shall not heare nor vnder­stand at all, but must receiue the speech by relation; so that I conclude the first forme of Imbattailing for speech or parly is the best, easiest and safest, yet I stand not vpon mine owne iudgement, but submit to the censure of the old and experienced Soldiers.

Diuers other formes of imbattailing there be for a priuate company of 200 men, as the Ring, the Halfe-moone; the Spurre, and the like, but because I haue heard them mightelie condemned by the no­blest Souldiers of our age, and men of high respect and reuerence, affirming them rather to leade into rout and disorder then any way to strentghen and better the Battalia, therefore I dare not giue rules or prescriptions for them, but referre such as are de­sirous to learne and behold them, to any Ignorant and vnskillfull teacher, and he shall spend howres and daies onely in these Motions, not knowing o­therwise how to wast time, or make the vulgar people to wonder. And thus much touching the imbattailings of a priuate company of 200 men, or any other inferior number.

Chap. 3. The seuerall Imbattailings of a Regiment of one thousand men or more.

Disputation growne about ImbatailingsTOuching the imbattailing of a Regiment of 1000 men or more, there is now at this in­stant time great argument and disputation among Souldiers; Some being of great experience and knowledge, Some of greater reputation then know­ledge, Some seeming to know more then they doe know, and Some out of affection to other mens sin­gularity, or to hold an opposite contention, where­by to get a note or name of much iudgement.

Now how I shall reconcile or attone this difference (who am the meanest Souldier of many thousands,) rests to me in clouds and vndiscouered, because my words carry not Authenticall Authority, neither will the resolute opinion of an Ignorant person, be bent or gouerned by any reason, but that which flattereth his owne thoughts. But since I am in the field, and haue taken vpon me this discourse, I must goe forward, & though I meete with an hard arbit­terment, yet must I not recoile, but hauing reason, truth and plaines on my side, I will set downe the grounds on both sides, and the strength of those arguments by which they defend their seueral [Page] [...] [Page]

[Page] [...] [Page 45] opinions; The Au­thors discus­sion of the difference. to this (as an indifferent moderator) I will annexe mine owne opinion touching the waight and vallidity of their reasons, and then re­ferre euery discreete Souldier to make his ellection, as wisdome shall gouerne him.

You must first vnderstand that this difference groweth betweene the old Souldier and the new Souldier, Betweene whom the difference is, that is betweene those of old and sollide experience, and those of late and more quainte practise; The first hauing nothing but what the warre it selfe informeth, the other the helpe of Garden, Yarde, Citty, Home, and Countrey trialls.

To come then to the difference it selfe, The opinion of the new Souldiers the newe and latter Souldiers would haue a regiment when it is drawne into the field to be compounded of the seuerall companies distinctly one by another, with­out any alteration, euery Captaine and officer go­uerning his owne company and not to make any mixture of them at all, onely to ioine and fixe them together into one body according to the forme of this figure following.

Heere the Figure.

Heere you see how the Colonell, Lieutenant Co­lonell, Sergeant-Maior and the rest of the Inferior Captaines Ioyne their companies togeather with­out mixture according to the dignity of their pla­ces making one entire and sollide body, of Shotte and Pikes, Shotte and pikes quite through the re­giment, which regiment containe: 1000 men is deuided thus.

[Page 46] The num­bers com­manded.The Colonell according to greatnes of his com­mand, commandeth [...]00 men, the Lieutenant Colo­nell 150, and the Sergeant Maior. 150, and the fiue other inferiour Captaines command either of them 100 men, and thus the 1000 men, are Marshalled and gouerned.

The opinion of the old SouldiersNow the older experienced Souldiers differ from this manner of discipline, and though they vary not in the number or command, yet they stand farre aloofe from the whole matter of composition, for they will not allow to draw vp regiments by entire and whole companies without alteration, but first draw vp all the Pikes into one body, then the Shotte into another, and after diuiding the Shot in­to two equall parts, wing or flanke, the pikes on ei­ther hand, and so make one whole and entire battell of Shotte and Pikes, and not a mixte body of Shotte and Pikes in small manuples, but rather keepe the regiment in one great and vniforme body according to the preportion of this figure following.

Heere the Figure.

Heere you see the battaile of Pikes is drawne all into one body, and the Shotte on either hand, yet euery officer hath preheminence of place according to his dignity, and many inferiour officers aduan­ced and Imploied, which are extrauegant in the former battaile:

The young Souldiers reasons for their opinionsBut this discipline the younger Souldiers vtterly disallow, and these are the reasons; first they af­firme [Page] [...] [Page]

[Page] [...] [Page 47] that the best and safest way of fight is by small Manuples, for they are with least difficulty gouern­ed, and made the longest to indure fight without disorder.

They are the soonest reduced to their first forme when they are put into route, and the Shotte and Piks being thus intermixt one with another, the one offending, the other defending, the battaile is of great force, and more terrible to the enemy. Lastely, in a battaile thus compounded, euery man hath the order or gouernement of his owne Soul­diers, who are trained to his discipline, and vnder­stand his commands, by which they are made more willing to goe on, and doe obay with greater Cou­rage and allacrity, then when they are lead by a stranger, as in the other battell perforce they must be; these and many other like reasons, the younger Souldiers yeeld to make good this new opinion, and I must confesse they carry a greete shew of substantiall truth, did not some impediment crosse in the way, which take from them a great parte of beleefe and credit, for to these Reasons, thus the old Souldiers reply.

That true it is, The old Soldiers reasons for their opini­ons. this forme of imbattailing is good and may passe for courant, as long as companies are in their full strength, and hold their perfect and true number, but to that the warre is a knowne ene­my, and who knowes not that sicknesse, mortality, slaughter, ill diet and lodging, hunger, cold and surfeites doe so attend vpon Armies, that by them commpanies are exceedingly weakned and made lesse, so that he which mustereth one hundred men if he bring three score and ten able men into the [Page 48] field to fight, is oft held for a stronge company, and so in like case of other numbers, so that to imbattaile these by themselues, being of so small contents, neither can the volly be greate, nor the harme dan­gerous which shall insue to the enemy, whereas the seuerall weapons of these small bodies, being drawne out and knitte into seuerall great bodies, the numbees will swell and increase, and as of vnits are made infinits, so forty of my Shotte ioined to forty of an other mans, and to vs sixe-score of two or three other Captaines, will make 200 Shotte, this will bring foorth a great volly, and this will proue of great danger to the enemy.

Againe for the easinesse of gouernement, or spee­dy reducing them to their first forme, being routed, they haue no aduantage of this other great body, for howsoeuer the Shotte is in two bodies, as the o­ther former mixt battaile is in sixteene, & the Piks in one body as the other is in eight, yet are these great bodies diuided into so small diuisions, and ledde by such sufficient officers, that no disorder can happen, but it is as soone brought againe into forme, as if they had their owne Commanders, and one of the great vollies will doe more hurt and spoile, then foure of the smaller.

Lastly for the Imagination of more ready obedi­ence, better vnderstanding of command, and a greater willingnesse to discharge duty, the old Sol­diers suppose they are no necessary obstacles to be thrust in into this place, because the discipline of warre being (as it ought to be) all of one forme and manner, without intrusion of new words of command, or addition of curious nouelties, so that [Page 49] euery officer speaking a knowne and a certaine language, it matters not who giues the word, for being vnderstoode it must be performed, and that they will fight more willingly with their owne Captaines then with other men, the naturall alea­geance they beare to their king and Country, whose quarrell they fight, puts all such doubts out of question, because euery honest and valiant mans conscience is ruled by the iustnesse of his cause, and his Kings commandment, and all other heats are supernaturall, and but the proofes of false vallonre.

Thus the old Souldier answereth to what the young Souldier doth obiect, Other Rea­sons. and for a conclusion addeth this more, to withstand this new manner of imbattailing. They say that this mixing of Shotte and Pikes together in seuerall distinct Com­panies, weakneth and disableth the grosse body; for here if you cast off your shott, then you leaue such emptie and wide streetes, that the enemies Horse are apt to breake in and disorder them, or if you doe not cast off the Shott, but keepe them close, and make them discharge in Countermarch (which is the best and safest way) yet then they are apt to be thronged vp together by the Pikes, and the distance of place being taken from them, the vse of their Weapons must fall, and so consequently all things fall to ruine.

But suppose order be kept and these defects not found in the Battaile, yet say the olde Souldiers, that there is great impediment in this kinde of Im­battelling; for in what manner soeuer the Short serue, yet they will euer leaue a weakenesse in the [Page 50] and such open gaps and streets that the Horse may breake in at pleasure, or any other new foote diui­sion may sally foorth and ouer throw the whole regiment, as by the example of the figure follow­ing may easily be perceiued in a few companies, as in this ensuing figure more plainely is showne.

[Page 51]

Thus you see if the Battaile of Pikes stand, and the Shot giue Fire, into what damage they bring the whole Regiment, whether they serue in counter­march, or otherwise; leauing so many open ente­rances, that if one, yet all can hardly be preuented.

[Page 52] The Au­thors cen­sure of both opinions.Thus I haue shewed you the seuerall wayes of Imbattailing of a Regiment, with the different opini­ons of Souldiers, together with their arguments and strength of reason thereupon. It resteth now that I deliuer my particular opinion touching the best election; wherein, although I know, many opo­sites will rise vp against me, yet freely and ingeni­ously thus I am perswaded.

That the first manner of Imbattelling by seuerall Companies, The former difference reconciled and euery Captaine leading of his own men, is excellent for shew at generall Musters, or at any peaceful Triumph, where the exercise of Armes is required, because it is comly and beautifull to be­hold, giueth great contentment to the spectators, and continueth the Volley long, though not in the best order. But if it be to expresse true Marshall Discipline, to bring hands to fight in good sadnes, or to giue affright to a certaine enemy at all times both in strength and weaknesse, then with out all doubt the latter forme of imbattailing where the Pikes are drawne into one body, and winged on each hand with the Shotte, is without all contra­diction, the onely best way for the Imbattailing of a regiment of one thousand men or more.

And thus much for the argument of Imbattailing a regiment, wherein if any man rest vnsatisfied, let him repaire to other Authors which are allowed for authority, and comparing their Reasons toge­ther, no doubt but he shall soone finde satisfaction.

Chap. 4, Of the Ioining of sundry Regi­ments together.

OF rankes and files are compounded small Squa­drons, of small Squadrons are compounded priuate Companies, of priuate Companies are com­pounded Regiments, and of Regiments are com­pounded maine Battailes of any extent whatso­euer.

Now for the composition of a regiment, to­gether with the defects, and perfections of the same, I haue shewed sufficiently in the last Chapter. It now therefore resteth that I speake some thing of the ioining or knitting togeather of many and sundry Regiments, in one grosse body, which is the greate substance of the Arte-Military; What is the great sub­stance of the arte Mili­tary. for of these greate bodies doe Armies consist, and according to the forme and proportion thereof, being agreable with the ground and strength of Scituation where­on it is placed, is the Army made euer stronger or weaker.

Now Armies doe neuer consist of one onely entire and maine body alone, Of what Armies consist. without seperation or distinction, but of diuers great bodies, as of [Page 54] Forlornes, Vantguard, Battaile and Reare of diuers greate bodies of Horse, as of Gentlemen at Armes, Curashiers, Dragoones, or else Carbines, and euery one of these great bodies are compounded of sun­dry Regiments in the drawing of which togeather is principally to be regarded the dignity and pre­heminence of the place, How to ob­serue dignity of place. according to the vallue of the commanders, or the lot when it is either cast or appointed, wherein the principall obseruation is the hand; so that whensoeuer Regiments are to be ioined togeather, whether it be by the Lord Marshall, or the Seriant-Maior of the fielde, yet they must not neglect to giue to the best man the best place, by drawing vp his Regiment first, and placing it in the principall place, and then the rest successiuely one after another, bringing them vp on the left hand, and not on the right, till the body be formed according to commandment and answerable to this figure following.

[Page 55]

Heere you see 5000 men diuided into fiue regi­ments, how they are drawne vp into one body, and may make either Vantguard Battaile, or Reare as it shall please the supreame Officer to dispose of them. And as thus they are drawne into plaine [Page 56] Battaile, so may they also be drawne into any other forme of battaile which the Lord Marshall or Ser­geant-Maior shall deuise, for their wisdomes and Iudgements (which they euer accomodate to the aduantage of the ground, Who are to forme Bat­tailes. & to the preuenting of the enemies designes) is euer referred the forme and shape of all forts of battailes; whence it comes that a man shall hardly in an age, see two Battailes in two seuerall places, of one and the selfe same forme and fashion; Obseruation of grounds. because as grounds vary in their Situ­ations, so proportions change in their composures, and that battaile which is strong and comely for the Plaine, will proue but weake and illfauored for the Hill, and that which is guarded with water, will not agree with the guard of wood; nor that which is fenced with a stone wall, suite with the fence of a dry ditch; for euery thing must be accomodated to the property of its owne proper Nature; and therefore I will shewe you another forme of Im­battailing or ioining of Regiments together, where­in although some Regiments are broken and diui­ded into parts, yet they agree in one vniformity of body, and may be reduced to their first naturall proportion at pleasure: as by this figure following you may easily perceiue.

[Page 57]

[Page 58]Here you may behold two Regiments diuided into sixe triangles, the Pikes in the midst, and the Shotte on eache flanke, but being drawne vp to­gether in one body, then the Pikes of themseues make a perfect Diamond, and the foure Triangles of Shotte guarding euery corner, Front, Wing and Reare, bring the whole mixt body into a qua­drangle or perfeit square, this is a stronge manner of imbattailing, and hardly to be broke or entered; and whosoeuer is ready in drawing vp, and ioining of these bodies togeather in such forme as hath beene already specified, may without dificulty or staggering draw vp any other body of what shape or forme soeuer it shall be commanded.

And thus much for the ioining of sundry Regi­ments together into one body.

Chap: 5. The forming of maine Battailes of any extent or Number how great soeuer.

AFter the ioining of Regiments togeather, must necessarily follow the composition of maine Battailes, beyond which Spheare Souldiers doe neuer looke, because it is the end and determinati­on of warre,

These battailes (as I haue formerly shewed) are euer shaped according to the ground whereon they are planted, Obseruation in shaping of battailes. and according to the naturall deffences, or naturall offences which arise from the same places: yet because particulars often growe from generalities, and that from plaine and home­ly grounds curious and rare things are deriued. I thinke it not amisse heere in this place to deliuer you some generall and plaine moddels of battailes, which taken into a Souldier-like consideration, may giue you an aide, though not an instruction, how to accomodate battailes and to forme and proporrion them in such manner as may bee most commodious for your selfe, and friends, and most hurtfull and noisome for the enemy.

[Page 60] The compo­sition of Bat­tailes and the membersFirst then you must vnderstand that the body of euery maine Battaile is compounded of sixe principiall Members, that is to say, of the Forlorne or loose bodies, of the Vantguard, Battaile, Reare, Horse, and the great Artillery; and of these, if any be imperfect, or out of frame, either in order, number, shape or Gouernment, the whole Army is sicke, and howsoeuer like Xerxes host they may make the skie darke with their Arrowes, yet will an hand­full of Cirus men, well disciplin'd, put them to route, and write Captiuity on their backs as a perpetuall embleme.

How to finde a square Roote.When therefore you will drawe vp any maine battaile, you must looke into the square Roote of greate Numbers, as the square Roote of one hundred is ten, because the body carrieth ten in square euery way, for ten times ten is one hundred, so likewise the square Roote of 400 is 200, because it carrieth the square of 200 euery way, for twenty times twenty is foure hundred, and thus of any number which will carry a square proportion be it great or little whatsoeuer; Deuiding of a Battaile. then knowing the entire Number of the whole Army, and diuiding it into seuerall parts, alowing so many for the For­lorns, so many for the Vantguard, so many for the Battell, so many for the Reare, and so many for the guard of the Ordnance, or great Artillery; you by the drawing vp of these lesser squares, and inlargen­ing them as occasion shall serue, forme and shape euery seuerall diuision after what proportion your selfe pleaseth, for of squares, you may make Rounds; of Rounds, Triangles; of Triangles, Diamonds; and [Page 61] of Diamonds many other curious or intricate figures that shall come into your imagination, for proofe behold this figure following.

Thus you see by deuiding and mixing of squares, Of For­lornes. you may frame other proportions, it resteth then that after you haue cast out, and alotted your For­lorns which is intended euer to be the least of all the foure Battailes, that you distribute them in this manner: the first point of the Forlorne ought to con­sist of certaine loose files of Shotte extrauagantly dispersed without order, then to second them with certaine small squares of Shotte as an 100 or 200 in a square well ordered and gouerned which as the [Page 62] Battailes shall approach nearer and nearer, may vpon any occasion of danger retire into the Vant­guard.

Of the vant­guard.Then shall the Vantguard be compounded of one maine and entire body, or of two at the most; containing almost, but not fully three parts of the Battaile, and being equally mixt of Shot and Pikes.

Of the battelAfter the Vantguard, the maine Battaile taketh place, being compounded of one body or two at most, and containing a full third part, or sometimes more then halfe as much againe as the Vantguard. In this battaile ought to be the choisest men and best experienced of the Army, it is the seate and place of the Generall, and as an Ocean sendeth foorth his streames of Souldiers to releiue and refresh euery weake and distressed part that is about it.

Of the ReareNext after the Battaile is the place of the Reare which likewise is contained in one body or two at the most. This body ought to be of equall number and extent with the Vantguard, and in all Formes, Marches, and Executions it is one and the same in Nature with the Vantguard, for at any time when faces are turned about then is the Reare the Vant­gurad, & the Vantguard the Reare; at the two points of the Vantgurad, that is to say, the vtmost right point and the vtmost left point, as two long exten­ded wings, troopeth the Horse Army, The Horse battaile and the great Ordnance with the guard there­of. and at the end of them is the great Ordnance on both sides; behind which marcheth two Regiments of foote for a guard and defence of the Artillery and Muni­tion; for the cutting off of the greate Ordnance is the renownedst worke the enemy can aime at, or accomplish.

[Page 65]Thus I haue in words deliuered you the true forme of a plaine and ordinary battaile, with euery seuerall member belonging there vnto, but for as much as the protraicture maketh a deeper impres­sion in the minde, and is a greater helpe and friend to the memory then the meere relation of words onely; I will therefore in this next figure follow­ing, shew you the true portraiture of the battaile al­ready discribed.

[Page 66]

[Page 67]Thus heere you see the strongest of Battailes, and as curious as any what soeuer, so that to make a conclusion of this worke, who will diligently looke into these models already demonstrated, and apply himselfe to the imitation thereof, shall not neede to lodge any scruples in his brest, but by the helpe of these examples may be able to range any battaile with Iudgement and sufficiency. And thus much for the forming of maine Battailes of any extent or Number how great soeuer.