1. To find the day of the Moneth belonging to the Festiuall.

THe Festiuall dayes are here set at the day of the Moneth, wherein they fall: As, the Feast of S. George, at the xxiij of Aprill; the Feast of S. Iames at the xxv of Iuly; and so the rest of the standing Festi­uals. Easter, Whitsontide, and such [Page 4] like, could not bee set downe, because they are moueable.

2. To finde the day of the Weeke belonging to the Festiuall.

FIrst, consider some one day, which you know to fall on such a day of the weeke: that one may helpe you to find all the rest. As, knowing, that this yeere MDCXXIV. S. Georges day fell on the Friday; if you looke into this Circle, you shall finde it ouer against the letter A: then is A. the letter for Friday; B. for Saturday, and C. the Dominicall letter for this yeere: and so, the rest in their order. If now you would knowe, what day of the Weeke Christmas day falleth; looke into the moneth of De­cember, and there you shall find it ouer against the letter B: which sheweth, that Christmas day, this yeere, falleth on Saturday.

The second Circle is of the twelue [Page 5] Signes: ♈ Aries: ♉ Taurus: ♊ Gemini: ♋ Cancer: ♌ Leo: ♍ Virgo: ♎ Libra: ♏ Scorpio: ♐ Sagittarius: ♑ Capricornus: ♒ Aquarius: ♓ Pisces: Each Signe be­ing distinguished with his name and character, and diuided into 30. degrees. The vse of it may be,

1. To shew the Houre and Mi­nute of the day by the shadow of the Style.

THe houre of the day will be found, at one time or other, in more then fourescore seuerall places of this Stone: but no where so well, as in this Horizon­tall [Page 10] Concaue. For, the houre is found on the East side of the Stone, onely in the morning; and on the West side, onely in the euening: On the South side, one­ly in the middle of the day; on the North side, either early in the morning, or late in the euening: On the Aequino­ctiall plaines, either onely in the Summer, or onely in the Winter: Here, it is found generally, both in Summer and Winter, morning and euening, and at all houres of the day. Not onely, the houre and quarter, (as in the rest of these Dials) but, the houre and minute: with many other conclusions answerable, which may not be expected in any Diall of another forme.

When the Sunne shineth, obserue the shadow of the Style among the houre lines; the shadow of the one edge will commonly crosse the houre lines, and so, is vnfit for this purpose; but the sha­dow of the other edge, which leanes to the Northward, will alwayes fall, either betweene two houre lines, or vpon one [Page 11] of them; and the houre line, where it fal­leth, will giue the houre and minute re­quired.

1. To shew the houre and minute of the Sunnes rising and set­ting, and the length of the Day, at all times of the yere, though the Sunne doe not shine.

FIrst, find the day of the moneth, in the inner circle of the Margent; (which, from the eleuenth of December vntill the eleuenth of Iune, while the dayes are encreasing, will be found on the West part of the Concaue;) and there, the houre line which is drawen vp to the Day, will giue you the houre and minute of the Sunnes rising. But, from the eleuenth of Iune vntill the eleuenth of December, while the dayes are decreasing, the Day will be found on the East side of the Concaue: and there, the houre line which is drawen vp to the Day, will giue the [Page 12] houre and minute of the Sunnes setting: and, the one being knowen will giue the other.

As, if it were required, to know, what time the Sunne riseth and setteth, on the fourth day of Februarie. This mo­neth is found on the West part of the Concaue; and the houre-line, which mee­teth with the fourth day of this moneth, is that of 7. Ho. 8. Min in the morning; and, such is the time of the Sunnes rising: But, so much as the Sunne riseth before noone, so much he setteth after noone, within a minute more or lesse, and there­fore the time of the Sunnes setting is about 4. Ho. 52. Minutes after noone.

3. To shew the day of the moneth, when the Sunne riseth or setteth at any houre and minute.

ON the contrary, if you would finde the Day, when the Sunne riseth or setteth at any houre, First find the houre-line in the Concaue, and that will leade [Page 13] you to the day of the moneth in the Margent.

As, if it were required, On what Day the Sunne riseth at fiue in the mor­ning: first finde the houre-line of fiue, in the West part of the Concaue, and that will leade you to the tenth day of April. Then, because the Sunne, rising at fiue, doeth set at seuen, if you finde out the houre-line of seuen after noone, it will leade you to the thirteenth day of Au­gust, which shewes, that the Sunne riseth at fiue in the morning, and setteth at seuen after noone, both on the tenth day of April, and the thirteenth of August.

The like reason holdeth for the rising and setting of the Sunne at all other times of the yeere: as may appeare, by com­paring the Concaue with the Table fol­lowing.

The Concaue and this Table are both made for the Latitude of 51. gr. 30. ser­uing for London, & such places as lie East or West from London in the same Lati­tude. But, if you goe from London, either Northward or Southward, there will be some small difference. For, here at Lon­don, vpon the longest day, the Sunne set­teth at 8. Hou. 13. Min. and so the length of the day is 16. Houres, 26. Minutes. A­bout Sillie, and the Lizard, the Souther­most parts of England, in the Latitude of 50. gr. the Sunne setteth at 8. Ho. 5. Min. And so, their longest day is about 16. Ho. 10. Min.

About an hundred miles Northward from London, the Sunne setteth at 8. Ho. 22. Min. And so, their longest day is 16. Hou. 44. Minutes.

About Edenborough in the Latitude of 56. gr. the Sunne setteth at 8. Ho. 40. Min. And so, their longest day is 17. Houres, 20. Minutes.

About the Orcades, in the Latitude of 60. gr. the Sunne setteth at 9. Ho. 15. Min. [Page 17] And so, their longest day is 18. Houres, 30. Minutes.

1. To shew the Declination of the Sun by the shadow of the Style.

WHen the Sunne shineth, obserue the shadow of the point of the Style among the Red lines. If it fall on the Aequator, the Sunne is at one of the Aequinoctiall points, either the begin­ning of ♈ or of ♎, and so hath no de­clination. If it fall on the Tropique of Can­cer, the Sunne is at the highest, and the day at the longest. If on the Tropique of Capricorne,, the Sunne is at the lowest, and the dayes at the shortest. If it fall on any of the Parallel lines betweene the Ae­quator and the Tropiques, the distance of that line from the Aequator, shall bee the declination of the Sunne.

As, if the shadow of the top of the [Page 19] style shall fall on any part of the tenth Parallel aboue the Aequator, it shewes, the Sunne to be at 10. gr. of South declina­tion: If on the twentieth Parallel belowe the Aequator, then is the declination of the Sunne 20. gr. from the Aequator North­ward.

2. To shew the day of the moneth, by the shadow of the style.

THe shadow of the point of the style will shew the declination; and the line of Declination will leade you to the Day of the Moneth, at the Margent of the Concaue.

As, if the shadow of the top of the style shall fall on any part of the thir­teenth Parallel aboue the Aequator, it shewes the Sunne to bee at 13 gr. of South declination; and that Parallel of declination will leade you to the fourth of February, on the West side, and to the seuenteenth of October on the East [Page 20] side of the Concaue: But, which of these two is the true day of the moneth, must bee knowne, either by the time of the yeere, or the second dayes obseruation.

3. To shew the Place of the Sunne by the shadow of the Style.

THe shadow of the point of the style will shew the Declination; and the intersection of the Parallel of Declination, with the Ecliptique, will bee the Place of the Sunne.

As, if the shadow of the top of the style fall on 13, gr. of South Declination, this Parallel of Declination will crosse the Ecliptique neere 26 gr. of ♒, on the one side, and about the fourth of ♏ on the other side of the Concaue: But, which of these two is the true Place of the Sunne, will bee knowne by the day of the moneth neerest vnto the Signe of the Sunne.

4. To shew the Houre and Mi­nute of the Sunnes rising and setting, by the shadow of the Style.

THe shadow of the top of the Style will shew the Declination, and the houre-line, which meetes that Parallel of Declination at the Horizon (here repre­sented by the edge of the Margent) shall giue the houre and minute of the Sunnes rising and setting.

As, if the Shadow of the top of the Style fall on 13. gr. of South declination, that Parallel of Declination, being fol­lowed to the Horizon at the West side of the Concaue, will there meete at the houre-line of seuen, and eight Minutes, and, such is the time of the Sunnes rising. Then follow this Parallel, to the Hori­zon, vnto the East side of the Concaue, and it will there meete with the houre-line of IIII. and 52. Min. which is the [Page 22] time of the Sunnes setting. And the line betweene 7. Ho. 8. Min. in the morning, and 4. Ho. 52. Min. after noone, is the length of the Day.

5. To find the Declination of the Sunne by knowing the day of the moneth.

FIrst, find the Day of the Moneth in the inner Circle of the Margent; then, looke among the Red lines for the Pa­rallel of Declination, which is drawen vp to that Day: the distance of that Paral­lel, from the Aequator, shall shew you the Declination of the Sunne.

As, if it were required, to finde the declination of the Sunne, for the fourth day of February: the Parallel drawen vp to this day will be found about 13 gr. aboue the Aequator: And such is the Declination of the Sunne to the Southward.

6. To finde the Place of the Sun by knowing the Day of the mo­neth.

THe Day of the Moneth will giue the Declination of the Sunne; and the Pa­rallel of Declination, will crosse the Eclip­tique in the Place of the Sunne.

As, if the Day giuen be the fourth of February, the Parallel of Declination will be found to be 13. gr. Southward; and this Parallel doeth crosse the Ecliptique in the 26. gr. of ♒: which is the Place of the Sunne required.

1. To shew the Azimuth or Point of the Compasse, whereon the Sunne beareth from vs; how farre he is from the South; how neere to the East or West; and that, by the shadow of the Style.

VVHen the Sunne shineth, obserue, where the shadow of the vpright [Page 25] edge of the style falleth among the Azi­muth lines, the distance of that line from the Meridian, shall shewe the Azimuth, whereon the Sunne beareth.

As, if on the fourth of February about 10. Ho. 5. Min. in the morning, the sha­dow of the vpright edge of the style fall on the third of the Blue lines from the Meridian, then is the Sunne 30. gr. from the South. If you follow this Blue line vnto the margent, it will there point be­tweene N W by N, and N N W where­fore it beareth from you on the contra­ry point betweene S E by S, and S S E.

2. To find on what Azimuth or Point of the Compasse the Sunne riseth or setteth.

FIrst find the day of the moneth in the inner circle of the Margent: then look among the Blue lines for the Azimuth which is drawen vp to the day: the di­stance of that line from the line of East [Page 26] and West, shall giue the amplitude of the Sunnes rising and setting. If the day fall on the West side of the Concaue, the point opposite to the day, is the true point of the Sunnes rising: If the day fall on the East part of the Concaue, the point opposite to the day, is the true point of the Sunnes setting.

As, if the day proposed were the fourth of Februarie: This moneth is found on the West part of the Concaue, and the day falleth neere the point of W N W, whose opposite point is E S E, the point of the Compasse whereon the Sunne riseth. Or, if you looke among the Blue lines in the Concaue, you shall finde the Azimuth which is drawen vp to the day, to be about 21 gr. from the line of East and West; which shewes, that the Amplitude of the Sunnes rising is about 21 gr. from the East.

The like reason holdeth for all other times of the yeere, as may appeare by comparing the Concaue with the Table following.

The Concaue and this Table, are both made for the Latitude of 51 gr. 30 Min. seruing for London, and such places as lie East or West from London in the same Latitude. But, if you goe from London either Northward or Southward, there will bee some small difference.

For, here at London the greatest Am­plitude is 39 gr. 50 min. that is, when the dayes are at the longest, the Sunne riseth 39 gr. 50 min. from the East Northward; and setteth 39 gr. 50. min. from the West Northward: when the dayes are at the shortest, he riseth 39 gr. 50 min. from the East Southward, and setteth as much from the West Southward.

About Sillie and the Lizard, the Sou­thermost parts of England, in the Latitude of 50 Degr. the greatest Amplitude will be 38 Degr. 20 min.

About the North of England in the Latitude of 55 Degr. 40 Min. the greatest Amplitude will be 45 Gr. And so, when the dayes are at the longest, the Sunne will rise due North-East, and set in the North-west. When the dayes are at the shortest, he will rise in the South-east, and sette in the South-west.

About the North of Scotland in the Latitude of 60 Gr. the greatest Amplitude will be about 52 Degr. 50 Min. And, af­ter you come to 66 degr. of Latitude, you may see the Sunne in the North.

3. To find the Azimuth or Point of the Compasse whereon the Sunne beareth, for all houres of the day, at any time of the yeere.

THe time of the yeere is here represen­ted by the Red Parallel lines of Decli­nation; the time of the day, by the Blacke houre-lines. First, find, where these two [Page 31] doe meete, and then see, which of the Blue lines would passe through that in­tersection; The distance of that Blue line from the line of East and West shall giue the Azimuth required.

As, if the day proposed were the sixth day of April, and it were required to know the Azimuth whereon the Sunne beareth at 9. Ho. 45. Min. in the mor­ning. This moneth is found on the West part of the Concaue, and the Parallel of Declination drawen vp to the sixth day of this moneth, is about 10 Degrees di­stant from the Aequator: This Parallel doth crosse the houre-line of 9 Ho. 45 Mi. in the middle betweene two Blue Azi­muth lines, and following this middle vnto the Margent, I find there, it directs me to the point N W, in the inner circle; and so, to 45 Degr. from the West in the middle Circle of the Margent, which shewes, that the Sunne is in the opposite point 45 degr. distant from the East, vp­on the Southeast point of the Compasse.

4. To finde the Houre and Mi­nute when the Sun shall come to any Azimuth, at all times of the yeere.

AS, if it were required, to know, at what houre the Sunne would be in the East, on the longest day of the yeere.

The Sunne riseth in the East, at VI. in the morning, and setteth in the West, at VI. in the euening, about the tenth of March, and the thirteenth of September: but, all other times of the yeere, it will be past VI. in the morning before hee come to the East, and he will be past the West before VI. of the clocke in the euening. As here the Tropique of Cancer, which is the Parallel of the longest day, doth crosse the West Azimuth at 7. Ho. 22. Min. in the morning; And such is the time of the Sunnes comming to the East.

5. To find the Day of the Mo­neth when the Sunne commeth to any Point of the Compasse at any houre proposed.

AS, if it were required, to find the day of the moneth when the Sunne shall come to due East, at VII. in the mor­ning; I shall finde that the houre-line of VII. in the morning doeth crosse the West Azimuth at the Parallel of 18. degr. of North Declination; and this Parallel doth leade me to the first of May on the West side, and to the two and twentieth of Iuly, on the East side of the Concaue: which shewes, that the Sun will be due East at seuen in the morning, and due West at fiue in the euening, both, on the first of May, and the xxij^th. of Iuly.

1. To finde the Altitude of the Sunne aboue the Horizon.

WHen the Sunne shineth, obserue the shadow of the Style, that fal­leth among the Yellow lines; The distance of that Yellow Parallel from the Horizon shall giue the Parallel of the Sunnes alti­tude aboue the Horizon.

As, if the shadow of the top of the Style shall fall on any part of the tenth Parallel, it shewes the Sun to be at 10 gr. of altitude aboue the Horizon. And so, in the rest.

2. To finde the Altitude of the Sunne for any Day and Houre proposed. 3. To finde the Altitude of the Sunne for any Day and Azi­muth proposed. 4. To finde the Altitude of the Sunne for any Houre and Azi­muth proposed.

THese and such like Propositions, with their conuerses, depend vpon the meeting of these Yellow lines at the in­tersection of any two of the other lines before described.

As, if it were required, to find, what altitude the Sunne shall haue, on the sixt day of April at nine of the clocke in the morning. First, find the Parallel of de­clination, belonging to the Day, and his intersection with the houre-of nine in the morning; then may you finde, the [Page 36] Yellow line drawen through this interse­ction to be neere 35 Degr. distant from the edge of the Concaue; And, such will be the altitude of the Sunne aboue the Horizon, at the time proposed. The like reason holdeth for all the rest.

1. To finde the olde, vnaequall houre of the day.

WHen the Sunne shineth, obserue the shadow of the top of the style, among the Greene lines; the line next af­ter the shadow shall giue the houre re­quired.

As, if the shadow of the top of the Style shall fall betweene the Horizon and the Greene line noted with 1, it is the first houre: If betweene the first houre-line and the second, it is the second houre: If it fall directly on the second houre, it is the second houre complete, according to the accompt of the Ancients.

2. To compare the old vnaequall houres with the houres of the Clocke.

AS, if it were required, to know what houre of the day, it would be, at nine of the clocke in the morning vpon the longest day.

First, finde the Parallel of the day, and his intersection with the houre of IX, then may you finde this intersection to fall betweene the third and the fourth of the greene lines; and so it is the fourth houre of the Day. For, when the dayes are at the longest with vs, the first houre beginneth at III of the clocke and 47 Min. in the Morning, and endeth at V and 9 Min. The second houre begin­neth where the first endeth, and is com­plete at VI and 31 Min. The third houre is complete at VII and 53 Min. The fourth, at IX and 15 Mi. The fift, at X and 37 Mi. The sixt houre alwayes en­deth at high noone: and the rest in the like order: each of these twelue Houres beeing equall to 1 Ho. 22 Min. of the Clocke.

At the two Aequinoctiall dayes, when the Sunne riseth at sixe, and setteth at sixe, these houres of the day will bee e­quall to the houres of the Clocke: But, in the depth of Winter, one of these houres, will be but 38 Minutes of a com­mon houre.

1. Knowing the Age of the Moone, to finde the time when she com­meth to the South.

FIrst, finde the Age of the Moone in the outward Circle, so, the next Houre line, in the inward Circle, shall giue you the time when she commeth to the South.

Thus, you may find, that if the Moone [Page 40] be ten dayes old, she wil be in the South, at eight of the Clocke in the Euening: If fifteene dayes old, then about twelue of the clocke at midnight: If twenty fiue dayes old, then at eight in the Mor­ning: And vpon this it followeth;

2. Knowing the Age of the Moone, to find the time when it will bee high water.

FIrst, inquire what difference there is betweene the time of the Moones comming to the South, and the time of High water; for, that once knowne, is knowne for euer. For example, It is commonly sayd, that when the Moone commeth to the Southwest, it will bee High water at London bridge; and this is about three houres after her comming to the South. And againe when shee commeth to the Northeast, which is a­bout three houres after her comming to the North part of the Meridian.

Suppose then, that the Moone is ten dayes old, then will she be in the South, by the former Proposition, at Eight in the Euening, or in the North at Eight in the Morning, adde vnto this three houres more, and it will be High water at Eleuen of the Clocke.

3. Knowing the Age of the Moon, to finde the houre of the night, by the shadow of the Style.

THe houre of the Moone from the Meridian, may bee found out at any time when the Moone shineth; by the shadow of the Style, in such sort as we finde the houre of the Day when the Sunne shineth. For, if the Moone bee in the South, shee will cast the shadow of the Style vpon the houre of XII; and if shee cast a shadow vpon I, or II, it shewes that shee is accordingly either one houre, or two, or more past the Me­ridian.

Suppose the Moone to be ten dayes [Page 42] old, and that she did cast a shadow vp­on the houre of V after noone; I would then say it were about one of the clocke in the morning: For, the Moone being ten dayes old, she commeth to the South at VIII in the Euening, and therefore, when shee is fiue houres past the South, it must bee I, in the morning.

1. To shew the time, when it is noone in any of those Countreys.

SVch places as lie East from London haue noone before vs: Such as lie West from London haue noone after vs.

But to finde the time more particu­larly, obserue the shadow of the Style which sheweth the houre of the Day; For, when that commeth to be ouer any place in the Chart, then is it Noone in that place.

Thus, the shadow of the Style com­ming to the Meridian of Hierusalem, at the houre of IX in the morning, it [Page 58] sheweth, that it is Noone at Hierusalem, when it is but nine of the Clocke with vs at London.

2. To shew the time of the Day a­greeing to any of those Coun­treys.

FIrst, finde the Meridian of the Place proposed; then, see where the sha­dow falleth: So, the distance in houres, between the shadow and that Meridian, shall giue the time of the Day required.

As if, it being Noone at Rome and Ve­nice, it were required to finde the houre of the Day at Hierusalem.

It appeareth, by the former Proposi­tion, that it is Noone at Rome and Venice, at such time as it is about eleuen of the Clocke at London, and, that there is two houres difference between the Meridian of Rome and the Meridian of Hierusalem; and therefore, at Hierusalem it is two of the Clocke after noone at the time pro­posed.

And what is here said of the Day, the same may be vnderstood of the time of the Night. It appeareth, by the former Proposition, that it is noone at Virginia, at such time, as it is V of the Clocke af­ter noone with vs at London; and there­fore, fiue houres difference, betweene the Meridians of Virginia and London; so that, I suppose, if they at Virginia, and wee at London, could see one and the same thing, at the same instant of time (as sometimes, wee may, either the be­ginning or the end of an Eclipse of the Moone) if wee see it at midnight, they should see it at VII of their Clocke in the Euening; Or, if they see it at VIII in the Euening, wee shall see it at One in the Morning.

These, and such like, are the vses of these Dials: if too obscurely deliuered, your Maiestie may command the Author.