PROE FGEIKOGE
Th'n men aitian di' hn meta to logikon ths filo-
$ofias meros eis epi$keyin hmin agetai to fu$ikon,
kaiper cronw9 twn allwn prohkein dokoun, anw-
teron upemnh$amen- ton auton de tropon ths
zhth$ews palin entauqa $u$th$omeqa, ouk em-
bradunontes tois kata meros, opoion ti pepoihka$in
oi peri ton Kleitomacon kai o loipos twn Aka-
dhmaikwn coros (eis allotrian gar ulhn embantes
kai epi $ugcwrh$ei twn eteroiws dogmatizomenwn
poioumenoi tous logous ametrws emhkunan thn
antirrh$in), alla ta kuriwtata kai $unektikwtata
kinountes, en ois hporhmena exomen kai ta loipa
2 kaqaper gar en tais poliorkiais oi ton qeme-
aion tou teicous uporuxantes toutw9 $ugkatafero-
me'nous ecou$i tous purgous, outws oi en tais
filo$ofois $keye$i tas prwtas twn pragmatwn
u'poqe$eis ceirw$amenoi dunamei thn pantos prag-
3 matos katalhyin hqethka$in- ouk apiqanws goun
tines apeikazou$i tous men eis tas kata meros
zhth$eis $ugkatabainontas tois ek podos to"
qhrion diwkou$i kunhgois h apo ormias alieuou$in
h izw kai kalamw9 tous ornis qhreuou$in, tous
de apo twn $unektikwtatwn panta ta epi merous
$aleuontas tois lina kai $talikas kai $agh'nas
periballomenois- oqen ws pollw tecnikwteron
e$ti tou kaq eka$ton qhrama ponei$qai to dia
mias efodou polla duna$qai agreuein, outw pollw
carie$teron to koinh9 kata pantwn komizein antir-
rh$in tou pro$eilei$qai tois kata meros-
4 Epei oun oi dokountes akribe$teron kata ton
fu$ikon topon peri twn tou pantos arcwn dia-
tetacqai tas men tinas autwn dra$thrious einai
legou$i tas de ulikas (wn ths doxhs archgos
axioutai tugcanein o poihths Omhros kai meta
touton ge Anaxagoras o Kaazomenios kai Empedo-
klhs o Akragantinos kai aaaoi pamplhqeis,---
5 o men gar poihths peri toutwn apodidous fh$in
en ois peri Prwtews kai Eidoqeas allhgorei, to
men prwton kai arcikwtaton aition Prwtea ka-
lwn, thn de eis eidh trepomenhn ou$ian Eidoqean.
6o de 'Anaxagoras fh$in " hn panta omou crh'-
mata, nous de eaqwn auta dieko$mh$en," ton men
noun, os e$ti kat auton qeos, dra$thrion upotiqe-
menos archn, thn de twn omoiomereiwn polumigian
7 u'likh'n- o de 'Ari$totelhs kai Ermotimon fh$i
ton Kaazomenion kai Parmenidhn ton 'Eleathn kai
polu proteron ton P$iodon tauta fronein- kata-
$keuazontes gar thn twn olwn gene$in erwta
$umparelabon, toute$ti thn kinhtikhn kai $un-
8 agwgon twn ontwn aitian, o men 'H$iodos legon
ht me prwti$ta caos genet ' autar epeita
gai' euru$ternos, pantwn edos a$fales aiei,
h'd eros, os kalli$tos en aqanatoi$i qeoi$in,
prwti$ton men erwta qewn mhti$ato pantwn-
10 doxai d an, ws proeipon, kai 'Empedoklhs toioutos
einai- $un gar tois te$$ar$i $toiceiois to neikos
 kai th'n filian katariqmeitai, th'n men filian ws
$unagwgon aitian, to de neikos ws dialutikh'n-
pur " gar fh$i kai udwr kai gaia kai h'eros
hpion uyos,
neikos t oulomenon dica twn, atalanton apanth9,
kai filoths meta toi$in, i$h mhkos te platos te-
11 ou mhn alla kai oi apo ths $toas duo legonTes
arcas, qeon kai apoion ulhn, ton men qeon poiein
upeilh'fa$i, thn de ulhn pa$cein te kai trepe$qai)-
12 epei oun toiauth tis e$ti para tois ari$tois twn
fu$ikwn diataxis, fere peri twn poihtikwn a'r-
cwn diaporwmen prwton, $keptomenoi ote men oion
dogmatikws peri qeou, ote de aporhtikwteron
peri tou mhden einai to poioun h pa$con- all
menou pragmatos noh$is, idwmen pws euqus ennoia
elabomen qeou9
6
PERI QEWN
13 O peri qewn logos panu anagkaiotatos einai
dokei tois dogmatikws filo$ofou$in. enteuqen
thn filo$ofian fa$in epith'deu$in einai $ofias,
th'n de $ofian epi$thmhn qeiwn te kai anqrwpinwn
pragmatwn- oqen ean para$th$wmen hmeis hporh-
me'nhn thn peri twn qewn zh'th$in, dunamei e$omeqa
kate$keuakotes to mhte thn $ofian epi$th'mhn
einai qeiwn kai anqrwpinwn pragmatwn mhte thn
filo$ofian epith'deu$in $ofias.
14 Enioi toinun efa$an tous prwtous twn an-
qrwpwn pro$tantas kai to $umferon tw biw9
$keyamenous, panu $unetous ontas, anapaa$ai thn
peri te twn qewn uponoian kai thn peri twn
ataktou gegonotos tou palai biou (hn gar cronos,
w's fh$in o Orfeus,
h'nika fwtes ap' allh'lwn bion eicon
$arkodakh, kreittwn de ton httona fwt edaizen)
epi$cein aoulomenoi tous adikountas prwton men
nomous eqento pros to tous fanerws adikountas
16 kolaze$qai, meta de touto kai qeous anepla$an
e'poptas pantwn twn anqrwpinwn amarthmatwn
te kai katorqwmatwn, ina mhde krufa talmw$i
tines adikein, pepei$menoi oti oi qeoi
h'era e$$amenoi panth9 foitw$in ep aian,
a'nqrwpwn ubreis te kai eunomias eforw ntes-
17 Euh'meros de o epikahqeis aqeos fh$in " ot' n
8
allwn i$cui te kai $une$ei w$te pros ta up
autwn keleuomena pantas bioun, $poudazon-es
meizonos qauma$mou kai $emnothtos tucein, an-
epla$an peri autous uperballou$an tina kai qeian
dunamin, enqen kai tois pollois enomi$qh$an
18 qeoi." Prodikos de o Keios ' haion," fh$i, "kai
$elh'nhn kai potamous kai krhnas kai kaqolou
panta ta wfelounta ton bion hmwn oi paaaioi
qeous enomi$an dia th'n ap autwn wfeaeian,
kaqaper Aiguptioi ton Neilon - kai dia touto ton
me'n arton Dh'mhtran nomi$qhnai, ton de oinon
Dionu$on, to de udwr Po$eidwna, to de pur
Hfai$ton kai hdh twn eucrh$tountwn eka$ton-
19 Dhmokritos de eidwla tina fh$in empelazein
tois anqrwpois, kai toutwn ta men einai agaqopoia
ta de kakopoia (enqen kai euceto eulogcwn
tucein eidwlwn), einai de tauta megala te kai
uperfuh, kai du$fqarta men, ouk afqarta de',
pro$hmainein te ta mellonta tois anqrwpois,
qewroumena kai fwnas afienta. oqen toutwn
autwn fanta$ian labontes oi palaioi upenoh$an
elnai qeon, mhdenos allou para tauta ontos qeou-
20 [tou] afqarton fu$in econtos- Ari$totelhs de
apo duoin arcwn ennoian qewn eaege gegonenai en
tois anqrw'pois, apo te twn peri yuchn $umbainon-
twn kai apo twn metewrwn. all apo men twn
upnois ginomenous tauths enqou$ia$mous kai tas
21 manteias- otan gar, fh$in, en tw upnoun kaq
fu$in promanteu'etai te kai proagoreuei ta meon
lonta- toiauth de e$ti kai en tw9 kata ton
qanaton cwrize$qai twn $wmatwn- apodecetai
goun kai ton poihthn Omhron ws touto parathrh-
$anta- pepoihke gar ton men Patrokaon en tw-
anairei$qai proagoreuonta peri ths Ektoros
anaire$ews, ton d Ektora peri ths 'Acillews
teleuths- ek toutwn oun, fh$in, upenoh$an oi
anqrwpoi einai ti qeion  to kaq eauto eoikos th9
eutakton twn allwn a$terwn kinh$in, enomi$an
einai tina qeon ton ths toiauths kinh$ews kai
eutaxias aition-
23 Toioutos men kai o 'Ari$toteahs- alloi de ei$in
oi fa$kontes oti o nous oxus wn kai eukinhtos
en tw epiballein th9 autou fu$ei hlqe kai eis
emfa$in tou pantos, kai upenoh$e tina uper-
ballontws dunamin nohtikhn, kai anaaogou$an men
24 autw qeian de thn fu$in- ei$i de oi apo twn gigno-
menwn kata ton ko$mon paradoxwn uponoh$antes
eis enoian h'mas elhauqenai qewn, af' hs fainetai
einai doxhs kai o Dhmokritos- orwntes gar, fh$i,
ta en tois metewrois paqhmata oi palaioi twn
anqrwpwn, kaqaper brontas kai a$trapas kerau-
nous te kai a$trwn $unodous hliou te kai $elhnhs
ekleiyeis, edeimatounto, qeous oiomenoi toutwn
25 aitious einai- Epikouros de ek twn kata tous
upnous fanta$iwn oietai tous anqrwpous ennoian
e$pakenai qeou- mega'lwn gar eidwlwn, fh$i, kai
a'nqrwpomorfwn kata tous upnous pro$piptontwn
upelabon kai tais alhqeiais uparcein tinas toiou'-
26 tous qeous anqrwpomorfous- enioi de epi thn
aparabaton kai eutakton twn ouraniwn kinh$in
paraginomenoi fa$i thn archn tais twn qewn
epinoiais apo tauths gegonenai prwton- w$per
gar ei tis epi ths Irwikhs kaqezomenos Idhs
ewra thn twn Ellhnwn $trateian meta poalou-
ko$mou kai taxews tois pediois pro$iou$an,
ipphas men prwta $un ippoi$in kai oce$fin,
pezous d' exopiqen,
pantws an o toioutos eis enoian hlqe tou oti e$ti
tis o diata$$wn thn toiauthn taxin kai egkeaeuo-
menos tois up auton [eg]ko$moumenois $tratiwtais,
oion Ne$twr h allos tis twn h'rwwn, os h9dei
27 kai on tropon o empeiros news, ama tw qea$a$qai
porrwqen naun ouriw9 diwkomenhn pneumati kai
pa$i tois i$tiois eutrepizomenhn, $unih$in oti
e$ti tis o kateuqunwn tauthn kai eis tous pro-
keimenous limenas katagwn, outws oi prwton eis
ouranon anableyantes kai qea$amenoi hlion men
tous apo anatolhs mecri du$ews dromous $ta-
dieuonta, a$terwn de eutaktous tinas coreias,
e'pezhtoun ton dhmiourgon ths perikallous tauths
azo'menoi
14
28 afqartou fu$ews, htis hn qeos- twn de newterwn
$twikwn fa$i tines tous prwtous kai ghgeneis
twn anqrwpwn kata polu twn nun $une$ei dia-
fe'rontas gegonenai, ws pare$ti maqein ek ths hmn
pros tous arcaioterous [[$umblh$ews]], kai hrwas
ekeinous w$per ti peritton ai$qhth'rion $contas
th'n o'xuthta ths dianoias epibebahkenai th9 qeia9
fu'$ei kai noh$ai tinas dunameis qewn-
29 Ta men oun legomena para tois dogmatikois
filo$ofois peri ths twn qewn ennoias e$ti toiauta,
ouk oiomeqa de auta creian ecein antirrh$ews-
to gar polutropon ths apofa$ews thn agnw$ian
tou [pantos] alhqous epi$fragizetai, pollwn men
dunamenwn einai tropwn ths tou qeou noh$ews,
tou de en autois alhqous mh katalambanome'nou.
omws de kan epi tas kata meros upomnh$eis
cwrwmen, ouden eureqh$etai twn eirhmenwn be'-
30 baion- autika gar oi men nomoqetas tinas oiomenoi
kai $unetous anqrwpous empepoihkenai tois aalois
thn peri qewn doxan ou panu ti fainontai tw
zhtoumenw9 pro$baaaein- ezhteito gar apo tinos
a'rchs ormhqentes anqrwpoi h-lqon epi to qeous
31 nomizein- oi de diamfodountes fa$in oti nomoqetai
tines enepoih$an tois anqrwpois thn peri qewn
doxan, mh eidotes oti to archqen aporon autous
perimenei, zhth$antos an tinos, poqen de oi nomo-
qetai, mhdenos proteron paradontos autois qeous,
32 hlqon eis epinoian qewn; eita pantes men
anqrwpoi toutwn ecou$in ennoian, ouc w$autWs
de, aua Per$ai men, ei outw tucoi, to pur qeo-
forou$in, Aiguptioi de to udwr, alloi de allo
ti twn toioutwn. apiqanon te hn pantas anqrw
pous upo twn nomoqetwn eis to auto $unacqentas
a'kou$ai ti peri qewn- anepimikta gar h=n ta twn
anqrwpwn fula kai agnw$ta ge, kata thn nau-
tilian de thn 'Argw prwtoploun ti $kafos dia
33 ths i$torias pareilhfamen- nai, all i$ws tis
pro toutwn pantwn fh'$ei oti oi par eka$tois
nomoqetai kai h'gemones anepla$an thn toiauthn
noh$in, kai dia touto alloi aalous qeous uparcein
upelabon- oper e$tin euhqes- koinh'n gar palin
prolhyin ecou$i pantes anqrwpoi peri qeou, kaq
hn makarion ti e$ti zwon kai afqarton kai teaeion
en eudaimonia9 kai pantos kakou anepidekton,
telews de e$tin aaogon to kata tuchn pantas tois
autois epiballein idiwma$in, alla mh fu$ikws
outws ekkinei$qai. ou toinun qe$ei oude kata tina
nomoqe$ian paredexanto oi palaioi twn anqrwpwn
einai qeous.
34 Oi de legontes tous prwtous twn anqrwpwn
hgemoneu$antas kai dioikhtas twn koinwn prag-
matwn genomenous, pleiona dunamin autois peri-
qentas kai timhn pros to upakouein ta plhqh,
toutous cronw9 teleuth'$antas qeous upolhfqhnai,
palin ou $unia$i to zhtoumenon- autoi gar oi eis
qeous anagontes autous pws enoian elabon qewn
eis hn autous enetaxan; touto gar deomenon apo-
35 deixews pareitai- allws te kai apiqanon e$ti to
axioumenon- ta gar upo twn hgemonwn ginomena,
kai mali$ta ge ta yeudh, zw$i monon $umpara-
menei tois hgoumenois, teaeuth$antwn de anaireitai,
kai pare$ti pollous epelqein tous para men ton
ths zwhs cronon ekqeia$qentas meta de thn
teleuthn katafronhqentas, ei mh tinas pro$h-
gorias qewn upo$telloien, w$per o Hraklhs o
36 ex Alkmhnhs kai Dios- hn men gar ex archs, ws
fa$in, Alkaios tounoma, upedrame de thn Hra-
kleous pro$hgorian nomizomenou para tois tote
qeou- oqen kai en tais Qhbais logos ecei palai
pote andrianta idion Hrakleous eurh$qai epi-
grafhn econta Aakaios Amfitruwnos 'Hraklei
37 cari$thrion- kai tous Tundaridas de fa$i thn
twn Dio$kourwn doxan upeaqein palin nomizomenwn
einai qewn- ta gar duo hmi$fairia, to te uper ghn
kai to upo ghn, Dio$kourous oi $ofoi twn tote
anqrwpwn eaegon- dio kai o poihths touto
ainittomenos fh$in ep autwn
allote men zwou$ eterhmeroi, alaote d aute
teqna$in, timhn de lelogca$in i$a qeoi$in-
pilous t epitiqea$in autois, kai epi toutois
a$teras, aini$$omenoi thn twn hmi$fairiwn kata-
qewn timhn ekrath$an pws ths proqe$ews, oi de
autoqen autous anagoreu$antes qeous katefro-
nhqh$an mallon-
39 Kai mh'n oi legontes oti panta ta ton bion wfe-
lounta upenoh$an oi palaioi twn anqrwpwn qeous
u'parcein, ws hlion kai $elh'nhn potamous te kai
limnas kai ta omoia, $un tw apiqanou proi$ta$qai
doxhs eti kai thn anwtatw euh'qeian katayhfi-
zontai twn arcaiwn. ou gar outws eikos ekeinous
a"fronas einai w$te ta ofqalmofanws fqeiromena
upolabein einai qeous h tois pros autwn kate$qio-
menois kai dialuomenois qeian pro$marturein du-
40 namin- tina men gar logou i$ws ecetai, kaqaper
to thn ghn qeon nomizein, ou thn aulakotomoumenhn
h ana$kaptomenhn ou$ian, alla th'n dihkou$an en
daimoniwtathn- to de aimnas kai potamous, kai
ei tina alla $unwfelein h'mas pefuken, hgei-
$qai qeous oudemian uperbolh'n embronth$ias apo-
41 leloipen- outw gar ecrhn kai tous anqrwpous
kai mali$ta tous fiao$ofountas h'gei$qai qeous,
$unwfelou$i gar h'mwn ton bion, twn te alogwn
zwwn ta polla, $unergoponei gar hmin, ta te kat
tapeinoteron- alla tauta ge $fodra e$ti geloia-
tugcanein -
42 O de Dhmokritos to htton aporon dia tou-
gar to pws noh$in qewn e$con anqrwpoi pollas
kai poikilas h fu$is didw$in aformas- to de
eidwla einai en tw9 perieconti uperfuh kai an-
qrwpoeideis econta morfas kai kaqolou toiauta
opoia bouletai autw anaplattein Dhmokritos,
pantelws e$ti du$paradekton-
43 Ta de auta kai pros ton Epikouron ene$ti
legein, oiomenon oti kata tas enupnidious fan-
ta$ias twn anqrwpomorfwn eidwlwn enoh'qh$an
qeoi- ti gar mallon apo toutwn noh$is egigneto
44 qewn h uperfuwn anqrwpwn ; kai kaqolou kai
pros pa$as tas ekkeimenas doxas ene$tai legein
oti ou kata yilon megeqos anqrwpoeidous zwou
noh$in qeou lambanou$in anqrwpoi, alla $un tw9
makarion einai kai afqarton kai plei$thn dunamin
en tw9 ko$mw9 proferomenon- aper ou dida$kou$in,
apo tinos archs h- pws epenohqh para tois prw-
ton ennoian $pa$a$i qeou, oi tas enupnidious aitiw-
menoi fanta$ias kai thn twn ouraniwn eutaxian.
45 Oi de kai pros touto fa$in oti h men arch ths
noh$ews tou einai qeon gegonen apo twn kata tous
upnous indallomenwn h apo twn kata ton ko$mon
qewroumenwn, to de aidion einai ton qeon kai
afqarton kai teleion en eudaimonia9 parhlqe kata
thn apo twn anqrwpwn metaba$in- ws gar ton
koinon anqrwpon auxh$antes th9 fanta$ia9 noh$in
e$comen Kuklwpos, os ouk ewkei
andri ge $itofagw9 alla r'iw9 ulhenti
u'yhlwn orewn, ote fainetai oion ap aalwn,
outws anqrwpon eudaimona noh$antes kai makarion
kai $umpeplhrwmenon pa$i tois agaqois, eita
tauta epiteinantes ton en autois ekeinois akron
46 enoh$amen qeon- kai palin polucronion tina
fanta$iwqentes anqrwpon oi palaioi ephuxh$an
ton cronon eis apeiron, pro$$unayantes tw en
e$twti kai ton parw9chmenon kai ton mellonta-
eita enteuqen eis ennoian aidiou paragenomenoi
47 efa$an kai aidion einai ton qeon- oi dh toiauta
legontes piqanhs men proi$tantai doxhs, hrema
de eis ton di' aaah'lwn empiptou$i tropon os e$tin
aporwtatos- ina gar prwton eudaimona noh'$wmen
anqrwpon kai apo toutou kata metaba$in ton
qeon, o'feilomen noh$ai ti pote e$tin eudaimonia,
hs kata metochn noeitai o eudaimwn- ala' hn ge
eudaimonia kat autous daimonia tis kai qeia fu$is,
kai eudaimwn ekaleito o eu ton daimona diakeimenon
ecwn- w$q' ina men labwmen thn peri anqrwpon
eudaimonian, proteron ecein ofeilomen noh$in qeon
kai daimonos, ina de ton qeon noh'$wmen, proteron
ecein ofeilomen enoian eudaimonos anqrwpou-
toinun ekateron perimenon thn ek qaterou noh$in
anepinohton ginetai h'min.
48 Kai dh' tauta men eirh$qw pros tous zhtountas
pws oi proteron noh$in qewn e$con anqrwpoi-
akolouqws de zhtwmen kai peri tou ei ei$i qeoi-
EI EIEI QEOI
49 Epei ou pan to epinooumenon kai uparxews met-
eilhfen, aala dunatai ti epinoei$qai men, mh up-
arcein de, kaqaper Ippokentauros kai Ekulla,
deh$ei meta thn peri ths epinoias twn qewn zhth-
$in kai peri ths uparxews toutwn $kepte$qai-
taca gar a$faae$teros para tous ws eterwsfillo-
$ofountas eureqh$etai o $keptikos, kata men ta
patria eqh kai tous nomous legwn einai qeous kai
pan to eis thn toutwn qrh$keian kai eu$ebeian
$unteinon poiwn, to d o$on epi th9 filo$ofw9
zhth$ei mhden propeteuomenos-
50 Twn oun peri uparxews qeou $keyamenwn oi men
einai fa$i qeon, oi de mh' einai, oi de mh' maaaon
einai h mh einai- kai einai men oi pleious twn
51 dogmatikwn kai h koinh tou biou prolhyis, mh'
einai de oi epikahqentes aqeoi, kaqaper Euh'meros,
gerwn alazwn, adika biblia yh'cwn,
kai Diagoras o Mhlios kai Prodikos o Keios kai
Qeodwros kai alloi pamplhqeis- wn Euh'meros men
elege tous nomizomenous qeous dunatous tinas
gegonenai anqrwpous kai dia touto upo twn aalwn
52 qeopoihqentas doxai qeous, Prodikos de to
wfeloun ton bion upeilhfqai qeon, ws hlion kai
$elhnhn kai potamous [[kai limnas]] kai aeimwnas
53 kai karpous kai pan to toioutwdes- Diagoras
de o Mhlios, diqurambopoios, ws fa$i, to prwton
genomenos ws ei tis kai allos dei$idaimwn- os ge
kai ths poih$ews eautou kathrxato ton tropon
touton kata daimona kai tuchn panta teaeitai -
adikhqeis de upo tinos epiorkh$antos kai mhden
eneka toutou paqontos meqhrmo$ato eis to aegein
54mh einai qeon- kai Kritias de eis twn en 'Aqhnais
turannh$antwn dokei ek tou tagmatos twn aqewn
uparcein, famenos oti oi palaioi nomoqetai epi-
$kopon tina twn anqrwpinwn katorqwmatwn kai
amarthmatwn epla$an ton qeon uper tou mhdena
laqra9 ton plh$ion adikein, eulaboumenon thn upo
twn qewn timwrian- ecei de par autw to rhton
outws-
hn cronos ot hn ataktos anqrwpwn bios
kai qhriwdhs i$cuos q' uphreths,
ot' ouden aqlon oute tois e$qaoi$in hn
out' au kola$ma tois kakois egigneto-
kapeita moi dokou$in anqrwpoi nomous
qe'$qai koaa$tas, ina dikh turannos h
[[genous broteiou]] th'n q' ubrin doulhn ech9.
ezhmiouto d ei tis examartanoi-
epeit' epeidh' tamfanh men oi nomoi
apeirgon autous erga mh pra$$ein bia9,
aaqra9 d epra$$on, thnikauta moi dokei
[[prwton]] puknos tis kai $ofos gnwmhn anh'r
qewn deos qnhtoi$in exeurein opws
eih ti deima tois kakoi$i kan laqra9
pra$$w$in h aegw$in h fronw$i ti9
e'nteuqen oun to qeion ei$hgh$ato,
ws e$ti daimwn afqitw9 qallwn biw9,
now9 t' akouwn kai blepwn, fronwn te kai
pro$ecwn te tauta, kai fu$in qeian forwn,
os pan to aecqen en brotois akou$etai,
to drwmenon de pan idein dunh$etai.
ean de $un $igh9 ti bouleu'h9s kakon,
tout' ouci lh$ei tous qeous- to gar fronoun
[[aut ois]] ene$ti- tou$de tous logous aegwn
didagmatwn kerdi$tonal ei$hgh$ato,
naiein d efa$ke tous qeous entauq' ina
mal i$t an exeplhxen anqrwpous legwn,
oqen per egnw tous fobous ontas brotois
kai tas onh'$eis tw talaipwrw biw9,
ek ths uperqe periforas, in a$trapas
kateiden ou$as, deina de ktuph'mata
bronths, to t a$terwpon ouranou demas,
cro'nou kalon poikilma, tektonos $ofou,
oqen te aampros a$teros $teicei mudros,
o q' ugros eis ghn ombros ekporeuetai-
toious perix e$th$en anqrwpois fobou
$toicous, kalws te tw aogw9 katwki$en
ton daimon oikein en preponti cwriw9,
th'n anomian te tois nomois kate$be$en-
kai oaiga pro$dielqwn epiferei
outw de prwton oiomai pei$ai tina
qnhtous nomizein daimonwn einai genos-
55 Eumferetai de toutois tois andra$i kai Qeo-
dwros o aqeos kai kata tinas Prwtagoras o'
'Abdhriths, o men dia tou peri qewn $untagmatos
ta para tois Ellh$i qeologoumena poikilws
56 ana$keua$as, o de Prwtagoras rhtws pou
grayas ' peri de qewn oute ei ei$in ouq opoioi
tines ei$i dunamai legein- polla gar e$ti ta
kwluonta me- par hn aitian qanaton autou-
katayhfi$amenwn twn Aqhnaiwn diafugwn kai
57 kata qalattan ptai$as apeqanen- memnhtai de
auths ths i$torias kai Iimwn o Flia$ios en tw9
deuterw9 twn $illwn tauta diexercomenos,
[[pa'ntwn prwti$tw9 to]] te kai metepeita $o-
f i$twn
out' aliguglw$$w9 out a$kopw9 out akuli$tw9
Prwtagorh9- eqelon de tefrhn $uggrammata
otti qeous kategray' out' eidenai oute duna$qai
pa$an ecwn fuaakhn epieikeihs- ta men, utowi
Ewkratikon pinwn yucron poton aida duh9-
58 kai 'Epikouros de kat' enious ws men pros tous
polaous apoleipei qeon, ws de pros thn fu$in twn
59 pragmatwn oudamws- ou mallon de einai h mh
einai qeous dia thn twn antikeimenwn logwn i$o-
$qeneian elexan oi apo ths $keyews- kai touto
ei$omeqa ekaterwqen ta epiceiroumena $untomws
epidramontes -
60 Oi toinun qeous axiountes einai peirwntai to
prokeimenon kata$keuazein ek te$$arwn tropwn
enos men ths para pa$in anqrwpois $umfwnias,
deuterou de ths ko$mikhs diataxews, tritou de
twn akolouqountwn atopwn tois anairou$i to
qeion, tetartou de kai teleutaiou ths twn anti-
61 piptontwn aogwn upexaire$ews- all apo men
ths koinhs ennoias legontes ws apantes anqrwpoi
$cedon Ealhnes te kai barbaroi nomizou$in einai
to qeion, kai dia touto $umfwnws men quou$i te
kai eucontai kai temenh qewn ani$tw$in, alloi de
allws tauta poiou$in, ws an kata men to koinon
econtes peri ths fu$ews autou prolhyin- ei de
ge yeudhs uphrcen h toiauth proahyis, ouk an
62 outw pantes $unefwnoun- ei$in  ara qeoi- kai
gar allws ai yeudeis doxai kai pro$kairoi fa$eis
ouk epi pleion parekteinou$in, alla $unteaeutw$in
ekeinois wn carin efulattonto- oion timw$
ba$ileis anqrwpoi qu$iais te kai tais allais
qrh$keiais, ais [ws] qeous pro$trepontai- alla
tauta mecris ekeinwn autwn diathrou$in, teleu-
th$antwn de ws aqe$ma tina kai a$ebh kata-
leipou$in- h de ge twn qewn ennoia kai ex aiwnos
hn kai eis aiwna diamenei, ex autwn, ws eikos, twn
63 gignomenwn marturoumenh- ou mhn alla kai
ei thn idiwtikhn uponoian dei paraleipein, tois
de $unetois kai megalofue$tatois twn andrwn
peiqe$qai, pare$ti men thn poihtikh'n oran mhden
me'ga mhde lampron ekferou$an en w mh qeos
e$tin o thn exou$ian kai to kratos twn ginomenwn
pragmatwn enhmmenos, w$per kai tw poihth9
Omhrw9 kata ton anagrafenta twn 'Ellh'nw-n
64 kai barbarwn polemon- pare$ti de kai thn twn
fu$ikwn plhqun idein $umfwnon th9 poihtikh kai
e gar Puqagoras kai Empedoklhs kai oi apo ths
'Iwnias Ewkraths te kai Platwn kai Ari$to-
te' hs i r'htai tou Epikourou lexeis mar-
tinos twn upo thn ora$in piptontwn ezhtoumen,
eulogws an tois oxuwpe$tatois epi$teuomen, kai
ei peri tinos twn akou$twn, tois oxuhkou$tatois,
outw $keptomenoi peri tinos twn logw9 qewrou-
menwn ouk allois ti$i pi$teuein ofeilomen h tois
ton noun kai ton logon oxuwpou$in, opoioi tines
h$an oi fiao$ofoi-
A  qa$in anqupoferonos pros touto
legein oi ex enantias oti kai peri twn en adou
muqeuomenwn koinhn ennoian ecou$in apantes an-
qrwpoi kai $umfwnous ecou$i tous poihtas, koii
mallo'n ge peri toutwn h peri twn qewn, ala
ouk an eipoimen tais alhqeiais uparcein ta kaq
67 adou muqeuomena, mh $unientes prwton men oti
ou monon ta kaq a9-dou plattomena alla koii
koinws panta muqon machn perie$chkenai $um-
bebhke kai adunaton einai- oion hn
kai Tituon eidon, Taihs erikudeos uion,
keimenon en dapedw9- o d ep ennea keito peleqroii
gupe de min ekaterqe parhmenw hpar ekeiron,
dertron e$w dunontes' o d ouk apamuneto cer$in-
Ahtw gar h9$cune Dios kudrhn parakoitin-
68 ei men gar ayucos hn o Tituos, pws oudemian
$unai$qh$in ecwn upo timwrian epipten; ei de
69 eice yuchn, pws teteleuthkei; kai palin otan
leghtai
kai mh'n Tantalon ei$eidon krater' aage econta,
e$taot en limnh- h' de pro$ekauze geneiw9-
o$$aki gar kuyei o gerwn pieein meneainwn,
to$$ac' udwr apole$ket anabrocen, amfi de'
po$$in
gaia melaina fane$ke, katazh'na$ke de daimwn.
70 ei gar mhpote ugrou kai trofhs egeueto, pws
diemenen all' ou $panei twn anagkaiwn diefqeireto ;
ei de aqanatos hn, pws toioutos e$tin; macetai
gar aqanatos fu$is alghdo$i kai ba$anois,
71 epeiper pan to algoun qnhton e$tin- alla ga'r
o men muqos outws en autw9 ton elegcon perieicen,
h' de peri qewn upolhyis ou toiauth tis e$tin,
oude machn upeballen, alla $umfwnos tois gigno-
menois efaineto- kai gar oude tas yucas ene$tin
u'ponoh$ai katw feromenas- aeptomereis gar
ou$ai kai ouc htton purwdeis h pneumatwdeis eis
72 tous anw mallon topous koufoflorou$in- kai kaq'
autas de diamenou$i kai ouc, ws elegen o 'Epi-
kouros, apoluqei$ai twn $wmatwn kapnou dikhn
tikon hn autwn all autai tw $wmati $ummonhs
73h$an aitiai, polu de proteron kai eautais- ek-
$khnoi goun h'liou genomenai ton upo $eah'nhn
oikou$i topon, enqade te dia thn eilikrineian tou
aeros pleiona pros diamonhn lambanou$i cronon,
trofh9 te crwntai oikeia9 th9 apo ghs anaqumia$ei
ws kai ta loipa a$tra, to dialu$on te autas en
74 ekeinois tois topois ouk ecou$in- ei oun dia-
menou$in ai yucai, daimo$in ai autai ginontai- &il
de daimones ei$i, r'hteon kai qeous uparcein, mhden
autwn thn uparxin blaptou$hs ths peri twn en
a9dou muqeuomenwn prolh'yews-
0 men oun apo ths koinhs kai $umfwnou oih'$ews
75 tou qeou logos e$ti toioutos- $kopwmen de kai
ton apo ths tou periecontos diako$mh$ews-
toinun twn ontwn ou$ia, fa$in, akinhtos ou$a
ex auths kai a$chmati$tos upo tinos aitias ofeilei
kinei$qai te kai $chmatize$qai- kai dia touto, ws
calkourghma perikalles qea$amenoi poqoumen
maqein ton tecnithn ate kaq' authn ths ulhs
akinhtou kaqe$tw$hs, outw kai thn twn olwn
ulhn qewrountes kinoumenhn kai en morfh9 te kai
diako$mh$ei tugcanou$an euaogws an $keptoimeqa
to kinoun authn kai polueidws morfoun aition.
76 touto de ouk aaao ti piqanon e$tin einai h dunamin
tina di' auths pefoithkuian, kaqaper hmin yuch
pefoithken- auth oun h dunamis htoi autokinhtos
e'$tin h upo allhs kineitai dunamews- kai ei men
uf' eteras kineitai tn ete adu e$tai
kinei$qai mh ut allhs kinoumenhn, oper atopon-
e$ti tis ara kaq' eauthn autokinhtos dunamis, htis
an eih qeia kai aidios. h gar ex aiwnos kinh'$etai
h apo tinos cronou- all apo tinos cronou men
ou kinh$etai- ou gar e$tai tis aitia tou apo
tinos authn cronou kinei$qai- aidios toinun e$tin
h kinou$a thn ulhn dunamis kai tetagmenws authn
eis gene$eis kai metabolas agou$a- w$te qeos an
77 eih auth- kai eti to gennhtikon aogikou kai
fronimou pantws kai auto logikon e$ti kai
fro'nimon- h de ge proeirhmenh dunamis anqrwpous
pefuke kata$keuazein- logikh toinun kai fronimh
genh'$etai, oper hn qeias fu$ews- ei$in ara qeoi.
78 twn te $wmatwn ta men e$tin hnwmena ta deg
e'k $unaptomenwn ta de ek die$twtwn- hnwmena
men oun e$ti ta upo mias exews kratoumena
kaqaper futa kai zwa, ek $unaptomenwn de ta
ek te parakeimenwn kai pros en ti kefalaion
neuontwn $une$twta ws alu$eis kai purgi$koi kai
nhes, ek die$twtwn de ta ek diezeugmenwn kai [ek]
kecwri$menwn kai kaq auta upokeimenwn $ug-
79 keimena ws $tratiai kai poimnai kai coroi- epei
oun kai o ko$mos $wma e$tin, htoi hnwmenon e$ti
$wma h ek $unaptomenwn h ek die$twtwn- oi te
 de ek $unaptomenwn oUte ek die$twtwn, ws
deiknumen ek twn peri auton $umpaqeiwn- katoi
gar tas ths $elh'nhs auxh'$eis kai fqi$eis polaa
twn te epigeiwn zwwn kai qala$$iwn fqinei te
kai auxetai, ampwteis te kai plhmmurides peri
tina merh ths qala$$hs ginontai- w$autws de'
kai kata tinas twn a$terwn epitolas kai du$eis
metabolai tou periecontos kai pampoikiloi peri
ton aera tropai $umbainou$in, ote men epi to
kreitton ote de loimikws- ex wn $umfanes oti
80 h'nwmenon ti $wma kaqe$thken o ko$mos- epi men
g r naptomenwn h ie$twtwn ou $um
pa$cei ta merh allh'lois, eige en $tratia pantwn,
ei tucoi, diafqarentwn twn $tratiwtwn ouden
kata diado$in pa$cein fainetai o peri$wqeis- epi
de twn hnwmenwn $umpaqeia tis e$tin, eige da
ktulou temnomenou to olon $undiatiqetai $wmoi-
hnwmenon toinun e$ti $wma kai o ko$mos-
81 all epei twn hnwmenwn $wmatwn ta men upo
yilhs exews $unecetai ta de upo fu$ews ta de upo
yuchs, kai exews men ws liqoi kai xula, fu$ews
de kaqaper ta futa, yuchs de ta zwa, pantws dh
82 kai o ko$mos upo tinos toutwn diakrateitai- kai
upo men yilhs exews ouk an $unecoito- ta gar
upo exews kratoumena oudemian axioaogon meta-
bolh'n te kai trophn anadecetai, kaqaper xula
kai aiqoi, alla monon ex autwn pa$cei thn kata
83 ane$in kai thn kata $umpie$mon diaqe$in- o de
ko$mos axiologous anadecetai metaboaas, ote men
krumaleou tou periecontos gignomenou ote de
aleeinou, kai ote men aucmwdous ote de noterou
ote df ellws pws kata tas twn ouraniwn kinh$eis
eteroioumenou- ou toinun upo yilhs exews o
84 ko$mos $unecetai- ei de mh upo tauths, pantws
upo fu$ews- kai gar ta upo yuch-s diakratoumenoi
polu proteron upo fu$ews $uneiceto- anagkh
ara upo ths ari$ths auton fu$ews $unece$qai
epei kai periecei tas pantwn fu$eis- h de ge tas
fu'$eis pantws e$ti logikh'- ou gar oion te to olon
tou merous ceiron einai- all ei ari$th e$ti
fu'$is h ton ko$mon dioikou$a, noera te e$tai
kai $poudaia kai aqanatos- toiauth de tug-
86 canou$a qeos e$tin- ei$in ara qeoi- eiper
te en gh9 kai qala$$h9 pollhs ou$hs pacumereias
poikila $uniotatai zwa yucikhs te kai ai$qhtikhs
meteconta dunamews, pollw piqanwteron e$tin
e'n tw aeri, polu to kaqaron kai eilikrines econti
para thn ghn kai to udwr, emyuca tina kai noera
$uni$ta$qai zwa. kai toutw9 $umfwnei to tous
Dio$kourous agaqous tinas einai daimonas, $wth-ras
eu$elmwn newn, kai to
tris gar murioi ei$in epi cqoni pouauboteirh
a'qanatoi Zhnos fulakes meropwn anqrwpwn9
87 all ei en tw aeri piqanon uparcein zwa, pantws
eulogon kai en tw aiqeri zwwn einai fu$in, oqen
kai anqrwpoi noeras metecou$i dunamews, kakeiqen
authn $pa$antes- ontwn de aiqeriwn zwwn, kai
kata polu twn epigeiwn uperferein dokountwn tw
afqarta einai kai agennhta, doqh'$etai kai qeous
uparcein, toutwn mh' diaferontas-
88 '0 de Kleanqhs outws $unhrwta- ei fu$is
fu$ews e$ti kreittwn, eih an tis ari$th fu$is- ei
yuch yuchs e$ti kreittwn, eih an tis ari$th yuch'-
kai ei zwon toinun kreitton e$ti zwou, eih an ti
krati$ton zwon- ou gar eis apeiron ekpiptein
pefuke ta toiauta- w$peroun oUte h' fu$is edunato
e'p' apeiron auxe$qai kata to kreitton ouq h yuch'
89 [[outws]] oude to zwon- alla mhn zwon zwou kreitton
e'$tin, ws ippos celwnhs, ei tucoi, kai tauros onou
kai lewn taurou- pantwn de $cedon twn epigeiwn
zwwn kai $wmatikh9 kai yucikh9 diaqe$ei proecei
te kai krati$teuei o anqrwpos- toinun krati$ton
90 an eih zwon kai ari$ton- kai ou panu ti o an-
qrwpos krati$ton einai dunatai zwon, oion euqews
Oti dia kakias poreuetai ton panta cronon, ei de
mh ge, ton paei$ton (kai gar ei pote perigenoito
areths, oye kai pros tais tou bi'ou du$mais peri-
ginetai), epikhron t e$ti kai a$qenes kai muriwn
deomenon bohqhmatwn, kaqaper trofhs kai $kepa-
$matwn kai ths allhs tou $wmatos epimeleias,
pikrou tinos turannou tropon efe$twtos h'min kai
ton pros hmeran da$mon apaitountos, kai ei mh
parecoimen w$te louein auto kai aleifein kai
periballein kai trefein, no$ous kai qanaton
apeilountos- w$te ou teleion zwon o anqrwpos,
91 a'teles de kai polu kecwri$menon tou teleiou- to
de teleion kai ari$ton kreitton men an upo'rcoi
a'nqrwpou kai pa$ais tais aretais $umpeplhrw-
menon kai pantos kakou anepidekton, touto de
ou dioi$ei qeou- e$tin ara qeos-
92 'Aaa' o men Kaeanqhs e$ti toioutos- hrwth$e de
kai alQenofwn o Ewkratikos logon eis to einai qeous,
Ewkratei periqeis thn apodeixin pros ton 'Ari$to-
dhmon zhtounti, di' wn kata aexin fh$in eipe
moi w Ari$todhme, ei$in ous tinas epi $ofia9
teqaumakas ; egwge, efh- tines oun ei$in outoi;
epi men oun poihtikh9 egwge Omhron teqaumaka
e'pi de andriantopoiia9 Polukaeiton, zwgrafias ge
93 mhn carin Zeuxin- toutous oun apodech9 ou dio9
to ta up autwn kate$keua$mena peri$$ws de-
dhmiourgh$qai ; egwge, efh- ei oun o Polu-
kaeitou andrias kai emyucian pro$aabh9, 0u polu
mallon apodexh9 ton teCnichn; kai mala- ar
ou andrianta men orwn efhs upo tinos tecnitou
dedhmiourgh$qai, anqrwpon de orwn kata te
louqh'$ei kai colopoion kai aimatos gennhtikon
97 einai ton ko$mon- oper e$tin atopon- oi de apo-
logoumenoi fa$in anomoion einai thn parabolh'n tw
Qenofwntos logw9. ekeinos men gar epi twn apawn
kai prwtwn $wmatwn poieitai thn zhth$in, w$per
ghs kai udatos aeros te kai puros, oi de th9- paroi-
bolh9 crwmenoi meteph'dh$an ws epi ta $ugkrimata-
colh9 gar kai aima kai pan to en tois $wma$in
ugron ouk e$ti prwton kai aploun all ek twn
prwtwn kai $toiceiwdwn $wmatwn $ugkeimenon-
98 Ene$ti de kai outws ton auton $unerwtan logon-
ei mh' hn ti gewdes en tw ko$mw9, oude en $oi ti an
hn gewdes, kai ei mh' hn ti ugron en ko$mw9, oud
an en $oi hn ti ugron, kai omoiws epi aeros kai
puros- toinun kai ei mh hn tis en ko$mw9 nous,
oud' an en $oi tis hn nous- e$ti de ge en $oi tis
nous- e$tin ara kai en ko$mw9. kai dia touto
noeros e$tin o ko$mos. noeros de wn kai qeos
98 kaqe$thken- ths de auths dunamews e$ti kai
o touton ton tropon ecwn logos- ara ge agaama
eu dedhmiourghmenon qea$amenos di$ta$eias an ei
tecniths nous touto epoih$en; h ou to$o-ton an
a'po$cois tou uponoein ti toiouton ws kai qaumazein
thn perittothta ths dhmiourgias kai thn tecnhn;
100 ar' oun epi men toutwn ton exwqen qewrwn tupon
pro$martureis tw kate$keuakoti kai fh9s einai
tina ton dhmiourgon- ton de en $oi orwn noun,
to$auth9 poikilia9 diaferonta pantos agalmatos
kai pa$hs grafhs, gennhton onta nomizeis apo
tuchs gegonenai, ouci de upo tinos dhmiourgou
dunamin kai $une$in uperballou$an econtos ;
o$per ouk an alloqi pou diatriboi h en tw ko$mw9
dioikwn auton kai ta en autw gennwn te kai auxwn-
outos de e$ti qeos- ei$in ara qeoi.
101 Zh'nwn de o Kitieus apo Qenofwntos thn af-
ormh9n labwn outw$i $unerwta. to proiemenon
$perma aogikou kai auto logikon e$tin- o de
ko$mos proietai $perma logikou- logikon ara
e$tin o ko$mos- w $unei$agetai kai h toutou
102 uparxis- kai e$tin h ths $unerwth$ews piqanoth s
prouptos- pa$hs gar fu$ews kai yuchs h'
katarch' ths kinh$ews gine$qai dokei apo h'ge
exapo$tellomenai dunameis ws apo tinos phghs
tou h'gemonikou exapo$tellontai, w$te pa$an
dunamin thn peri to meros ou$an kai peri to olon
einai dia to apo tou en autw hgemonikou dia-
dido$qai. oqen oion e$ti to meros th9 duname,
103 toiouton polu proteron e$ti to olon- kai dia
touto ei proietai logikou zwou $perma o ko$mos,
ouc ws ton anqrwpon kata apobra$mon, alla kaqo
periecei $permata logikwn zwwn- periecei [[deg]]
[to pan], ouc ws an eipoimen thn ampelon gigar-
twn einai periektikhn, toute$ti kata perigrafhn,
all' oti logoi $permatikoi logikwn zwwn en autw9
periecontai. w$te einai toiouto to legomenon '0'
de ge ko$mos periecei $permatikous logous logikwn
zwwn- logikos ara e$tin o ko$mos."
104 Kai palin o Zh'nwn fh$in, [ei] to logikon tou
mh logikou kreitton e$tin- ouden de ge ko$mou
kreitton e$tin- logikon ara o ko$mos- kai
w$autws epi tou noerou kai emyucias metecontos.
to gar noeron tou mh noerou kai to emyucon tou
mh' emyucou kreitton e$tin- ouden de ge ko$mou
kreitton- noeros ara kai emyucos e$tin o ko$mos.
105 Keitai de kai para tw Platwni th9 dunamei
toioutos logos, kata lexin autou grafontos
" legwmen dh9 di hn aitian gene$in kai pan tode
o $uni$tas $une$th$en- agaqos h=n, agaqw de
oude eis peri9 oudenos egginetai fqonos- toutou
dh ektos wn panta o$a mali$ta eboulh'qh gigne-
$qai paraplh$ia eautw- tauthn de gene$ews kai
ko$mou mali$ta an tis archn kuriwtathn para
andrwn fronimwn apodecomenos orqotata a'po-
106 decoito an- eit oliga dielqwn epiferei legwn
" dia dh ton logi$mon tonde noun men en yuch9 yuch'n
de en tw $wmati $uni$tas to pan $unetektaineto,
[[opws]] o ti kalli$ton an eih kata fu$in ari$ton
te ergon apeirga$menos- outws oun dh' kata
logon ton eikota dei legein tonde ton ko$mon zwon
emyucon ennoun te th9 alhqeia9 dia to th9 qeou
107 gene$qai pronoia9." dunamei de ton auton tw-
Zh'nwni logon exeqeto- kai gar outos to pan kaa-
li$ton einai fh$i, kata fu$in apeirga$menon ergon
kai kata ton eikota logon zwon emyucon noeron
te kai logikon.
108 'Aal o ge 'Alexinos tw Zh'nwni parebale tropw
twde- to poihtikon tou mh poihtikou kai to
grammatikon tou mh grammatikou kreitton e$ti,
kai to kata tas alaas tecnas qewroumenon kreit-
ton e$ti tou mh toioutou- oude en de ko$mou
kreitton e$tin- poihtikon ara kai grammatikon
109 e$tin o ko$mos. pros hn apantwntes parabolhin
oi $twikoi fa$in oti Zhnwn to kaqapax kreitton
eilhfen, toute$ti to logikon tou mh' logikou kai
to noeron tou mh noerou kai to emyucon tou mh
110 emyucou, o de 'Alexinos ouketi- ou gar en to
kaqapax to poihtikon tou mh poihtikou kai to
grammatikon tou mh grammatikou kreitton- w$te
megalhn en tois logois qewrei$qai diaforan- idou
gar Arcilocos poihtikos Wn ouk e$ti Ewkratous
tou mh poihtikou kreittwn, kai Ari$tarcos
grammatikos wn ouk e$ti Platwnos tou mh
grammatikou kreittwn-
111 pros toutois kai apo ths tou ko$mou kinh'$ews
e'piceirou$i kata$keuazein thn twn qewn uparxin
oi te apo ths $toas kai oi toutois $umpneontes.
oti gar kineitai o ko$mos pas an tis omologh'$eien
112 upo pollwn eis touto enagomenos- htoi oun upo
fu'$ews kineitai h upo proaire$ews h upo dinhs
kai kat' anagkhn. all upo men dinhs kai kat
anagkhn ouk eulogon- htoi gar ataktos e$tin h
diatetagmenh h' dinh. kai ei men ataktos, ouk an
dunhqeih tetagmenws ti kinein- ei de meta taxews
ti kinei kai $umfwnias, qeia tis e$tai kai daimonios-
113 ou gar an pote tetagmenws kai $wthriws to olon
e'kinei mh noera kai qeia kaqe$tw$a- toiauth de
ou$a ouketi an eih dinh- atakton gar e$tin auth
kai oligocronion- w$te kat anagkhn men kai
upo dinhs, ws eaegon oi peri ton Dhmokriton, ouk
114 an kinoito o ko$mos- kai mhn oude fu$ei afan-
ta$tw9, paro$on h' noera fu$is ameinwn e$ti tauths -
o'rwntai de toiautai fu$eis en ko$mw9 periecomenai-
anagkh ara kai auton noeran ecein fu$in u'f' hs
tetagmenws kineitai, htis euqews e$ti qeos-
115 Ia ge mhn automatws kinoumena twn kata-
$keua$matwn qauma$totera e$ti twn mh toioutwn.
thn goun 'Arcimh'deion $fairan $fodra qewrountes
ekplhttomeqa, en h hlios te kai $elh'nh kineitai
kai ta loipa twn a$terwn, ou ma Dia epi tois
xulois oud' epi th9 kinh$ei toutwn teqhpotes, aal'
 epi tw tecnith9 kai tais kinou$ais aitiais- oqen
o$w9 qauma$iwtera e$ti ta ai$qanomena twn
ai$qhtwn, to$outw9 qauma$iwterai ei$in ai tautoi
116 kinou$ai aitiai- epei gar o ippos qauma$iwteros
tou futou, kai h kinhtikh tou ippou aitia qauma-
$iwtera ths tou futou aitias- kai epei o elefas
qauma$iwteros ippou, kai h kinhtikh tou eaefantos
aitia, thlikouton ge ogkon diaba$tazou$a, qauma-
117 $iwtera ths tou ippou- toutwn de ge pa$wn koita
ton anwtatw logon kai h tou hliou kai $eahnhs
kai a$terwn, kai pro toutwn h tou ko$mou fu$is
htis kai toutwn e$tin aitia- h men gar tou merous
aitia ou diateinei epi to olon, oud' e$ti toutou
aitia, h de tou olou diatetaken eis ta merh- dio
kai qauma$iwtera e$ti ths tou merous aitias-
118 w$te epei h tou ko$mou fu$is e$tin aitia th-S
tou olou ko$mou diako$mh'$ews, eih an aitia kai
twn merwn- ei de touto, krati$th e$tin. ei de
krati$th e$ti, aogikh te e$ti kai noera, pro$eti
de aidios an eih- h' de toiauth fu$is h auth' eoti
qew. e$ti toinun ti qeos.
119 Kai mhn en panti polumerei $wmati kai katoa
ff' hmwn men h e'n kardia touto tugcanein axioutai
h en egkefalw9 h en allw9 tini merei tou $wmatos,
e'pi de twn futwn ou kata ton auton tropon9 all'
ef wn men kata tas r'izas ef' wn de kata thn
120 komhn ef' wn de kata ton egkardion. w$te epei
kai o ko$mos upo fu$ews dioikeitai polumerhs
kaqe$tws, eih an ti en autw to kurieuon kai to
prokatarcomenon twn kinh'$ewn- ouden de dunaton
einai toiouton h thn twn ontwn fu$in, htis qeos
e$tin. e$tin ara qeos-
121 'All' i$ws tines erou$in oti toutw9 tw aogw9
h'gemonikwtathn einai $umbebhke kai kuriwtathn
e'n tw ko$mw9 thn ghn kai [[eti]] hgemonikwteron
kai kuriwteron ton aera aneu gar toutwn ouc
oion te e$ti $u$thnai ko$mon- w$te kai th'n ghn
122 kai ton aera fh'$omen einai qeon- oper e$tin
euhqes, kai omoion tw legein kuriwtaton en th-
gar toutou mh duna$qai thn oikian $u$thnai-
kaqaper gar entauqa tais men aahqeiais adunaton
e'$tin aneu toicou $u$thnai thn oikian, ou mhn
uperferei kai kreitton e$ti tou oikode$potou o'
toicos, outw kai epi tou ko$mou adunaton men
cwris ghs kai aeros thn tou pantos $u$ta$in
gene$qai, ou mhn tauta uperferei ths dioikou$hs
ton ko$mon fu$ews, htis ou dienhnoce qeou- e$tin
ara qeos.
To men oun genos twn toioutwn logwn eoti
123 toiouton- $kopwmen de exhs kai ton tropon twn
akolouqountwn atopwn tois anairou$i to qeon.
ei gar mh ei$i qeoi, ouk e$tin eu$ebeia [monon twn
airetwn] uparcou$a- e$ti gar eu$ebeia epi$thmh
qewn qerapeias, twn d' anuparktwn ou dunatai tis
einai qerapeia, oqen oude epi$th'mh tis peri tau-
thn genh'$etai- kai ws ouc oion te peri thn twn
ippokentaurwn qerapeian epi$thmhn einai anup-
arktwn ontwn, outws oude peri thn twn qewn qera-
w$te ei mh ei$i qeoi, anuparktos e$tin h eu$ebeia-
uparcei de eu$ebeia- toinun r'hteon einai qeous
124 kai palin, ei mh ei$i qeoi, anuparktos e$tin
h o$ioths, dikaio$unh tis ou$a pros qeous- e$ti de
ge kata tas koinas ennoias kai prolhyeis pantwn
anqrwpwn o$ioths, kaqo ti kai o$ion e$tin- kai tol
125 qeion ara e$tin- eige mhn mh ei$i qeoi, anaireitai
$ofia, epi$thmh ou$a qewn te kai anqrwpeiw' n
pragmatwn- kai on tropon oudemia e$tin epi$thmh
anqrwpeiwn te kai ippokentaureiwn pragmatwn
dia to anqrwpous men uparcein ippokentaurous de
mh uparcein, outws oude epi$th'mh tis e$tai qeiwn
kai anqrwpeiwn pragmatwn, anqrwpwn men up-
arcontwn qewn de mh ufe$twtwn. atopon de ge
legein mh einai $ofian- atopon ara kai to tous
qeous axioun anuparktous.
126 Kai mhn eiper kai h' dikaio$unh kata th'n epi
plokhn twn anqrwpwn pros te allh'lous kai pros
qeous ei$hktai, ei mh ei$i qeoi, oude dikaioounh
127 $u$th$etai- oper atopon. oi men oun peri ton
Puqagoran kai ton 'Empedoklea kai twn Italwn
plhqos fa$i mh monon hmin pros allhlous kai pros
tous qeous einai tina koinwnian, alla kai pros ta
aloga twn zwwn- en gar uparcein pneuma to dia
pantos tou ko$mou dihkon yuchs tropon, to koii
128 enoun hmas pros ekeina- dioper kai kteinontes
auta kai tais $arxin autwn trefomenoi adikh$omen
te kai a$ebh$omen ws $uggeneis anairountes- enqen
kai parh9noun outoi oi filo$ofoi apece$qai twn
e'myu'cwn' kai a$ebein efa$kon tous anqrwpous
bwmon ereuqontas makarwn qermoi$i fonoi$in-
129 kai Empedoklhs pou fh$in
ou pau$e$qe fonoio du$hceos; ouk e$orate
a'llh'lous daptontes akhdeih9$i nooio ;
kai
morfhn d' allaxanta pathr filon uion aeiras
$fazei epeucomenos mega nh'pios- oi d'
apore untai
ai$$omenoi quontos- o d au nhkou$tos omo -
klewn
$faxas en megaroi$i kakhn alegunato daiTa-
w's d' autws pater uios elwn kai mhtera paides
qumon aporrai$ante filas kata $arkas edouoin-
130 tauta dh parhnoun oi peri ton Puqagoran ptai-
ontes- ou gar ei e$ti ti dihkon di hmwn te kai
e'keinwn pneuma, euqus e$ti tis hmin dikaio$unh
pros ta aaoga twn zwwn. idou gar kai dia twn
liqwn kai dia twn futwn pefoithke ti pneuma,
w$te hmas autois $unenou$qai, all' ouden e$tin
h'min dikaion pros ta futa kai liqous, oude mhn
temnontes kai prizontes ta toiauta twn $wmatoun
131 adikoumen- ti oun fa$in oi $twikoi dikaio$unhn
tina kai epiplokhn ecein tous anqrwpous pros
allh'lous kai tous qeous ; ou kaqo$on e$ti to
elhlakos dia pantwn pneuma, epei an kai pros toa
al oga twn zwwn e$wzeto ti dikaion hmin, aaa epei
logon ecomen ton ep' allh'lous te kai qeous dia
teinonta, ou ta aloga twn zwwn mh meteconta ouk
an ecoi ti pros h'mas dikaion. w$te ei h dikaio$unh
kata tina koinwnian anqrwpwn pros allhlous kai
anqrwpwn pros qeous nenohtai, deh$ei mh ontwn
qewn mhde dikaio$unhn uparkthn einai- uparkth
de e$tin h' dikaio$unh- r'hteon ara kai qeous
uparcein-
132 pros toutois ei mh ei$i qeoi, oude mantikh
u'parcei, epi$thmh ou$a qewrhtikh kai exhghtikh
twn upo qewn anqrwpois didomenwn $hmeiwn, oude
mhn qeolhptikh kai a$tromantikh, ou qutikh, ouc
h di oneirwn prorrh$is. atopon de ge to$outo
plhqos pragmatwn anairein pepi$teumenwn hdh
para pa$in anqrwpois. ei$in ara qeoi-
133 Zh'nwn de kai toiouton hrwta logon- tous qeous
eulogws an tis timw9'h- tous de mh ontas ouk an
tis eulogws timwh- ei$in ara qeoi w logw9 tines
paraballontes fa$i tous $ofous an tis eulogws
timwh- tous de mh' ontas ouk an tis eulogws timwh-
ei$in ara $ofoi. oper ouk hre$ke tois apo ths
$toas, mecri tou nun aneuretou ontos tou kat
134 autous $ofou- apantwn de pros thn parabolh'n
Diogenhs o Babulwnios to deuteron fh$i lhmma
tou Zh'nwnos logou toiouton einai th9 dunamei
tous de mh pefukotas einai ouk an tis eulogws
timw9h- toioutou gar lambanomenou dhlon ws
135 pefuka$in einai qeoi. ei de touto, kai ei$in hdh.
ei gar apax pote h$an, kai nun ei$in, w$per ei
atomoi h$an, kai nun ei$in- afqarta gar kai
agenhta ta toiauta e$ti kata thn ennoian twv
$wmatwn- dio kai kata akolouqon epiforan
$unaxei o logos- oi de ge $ofoi ouk epei pefu'-
136 ka$in einai, hdh kai ei$in. alloi de fa$i to
prwton lhmma tou Zhnwnos, to ' tous qeous
eulogws an tis timwh, amfibolon einai- en men
gar $hmainein tous qeous eulogws an tis timw9 h'
e'teron de ' timhtikws ecoi- lambane$qai de to
prwton, oper Geudos e$tai epi twn $ofwn-
137 Oi men oun komizomenoi logoi para te tois
$twikois kai para tois apo twn allwn aire$ewn
eis to uparcein qeous toioutoi tines ei$i kata ton
carakthra- oti de ou leipontai toutwn eneka ths
peri to peiqein i$o$qeneias kai oi to mh einai qeous
138 dida$kontes parakeimenws upodeikteon. eiper toi -
nun ei$i qeoi, zwa ei$in- kai w aogw9 oi apo ths
$toas edida$kon oti zwon e$tin o ko$mos, tw autw
crh$amenos an tis kata$keuazoi oti kai o qeos
e$ti zwon- to gar zwon tou mh Zwou kreitton
e'$tin, ouden de kreitton e$ti qeou- zwon ara e$tin
o qeos, $umparalambanomenhs toutw9 tw logw9 ko-i
ths koinhs twn anqrwpwn ennoias, eige kai o bios
kai oi poihtai kai h twn ari$twn filo$ofwln
plhqus marturei tw zwon einai ton qeon- w$te
139 $wze$qai ta ths akolouqias- ei gar ei$i qeoi,
zwa ei$in- ei de zwa ei$in, ai$qanontai- pan
gar zwon ai$qh$ews metoch9 noeitai zwon. ei de
xi$qanontai, kai pikrazontai kai gaukazontai- ou
gar di alahs men tinos ai$qh$ews antilambanontac
twn ai$qhtwn, ouci de kai dia ths geu$ews- oqen
kai to perikoptein tauthn h tina ai$qh$in allhn
140 aplws tou qeou pantelws e$tin apiqanon- perit-
toteras gar ai$qh$eis ecwn [o anqrwpos] ameinwn
autou genh'$etai, deon mallon, ws elegen o
Karneadhs, $un tais pa$in uparcou$ais pe'nte
tautais ai$qh'$e$i kai allas autw peri$$oteras
pro$marturein, in ech9 pleionwn antilambane$qaw
pragmatwn, alla mh twn pente afairein- rhteon
oun tina geu$in ecein ton qeon, kai dia tauths
141 antilambane$qai twn geu$twn. all' ei dia geu$ews
antilambanetai, gluka zetai kai pikra zetai . glu-
kazomenos de kai pikrazomenos euare$th$ei ti$i kai
du$are$th$ei- du$are$twn de ti$i kai oclh$eos
e$tai dektikos kai ths epi to ceiron metabolhs- ei
de touto, fqartos e$tin- w$te eiper ei$i qeoi,
fqartoi ei$in- ouk ara qeoi ei$in.
142 Eige mhn e$ti qeos, zwon e$tin. ei zwon eoti,
kai ai$qanetai- to gar zwon tou mh zwou ouk allw9
tini diaferei h tw ai$qane$qai. ei de ai$qanetai,
kai akouei kai ora kai o$frainetai kai aptetai-
143 ei de touto, e$ti tina ta kaq eka$thn ai$qh$in
oikeiounta auton kai allotriounta, oion kata men
ora$in ta $ummetrws econta kai ouc eterws kata
de akohn ai emmeleis fwnai kai ouc ai mh outws
ecou$ai, kata ta auta de kai epi twn allwn
ai$qh'$ewn- ei de touto, e$ti tina tw qew oclhra-
kai ei e$ti tina qew- oclhra, ginetai en th9- epi to
ceiron metabolh9 qeos, w$te kai en fqora=. fqartos
 ara o qeos. to-to de para thn koinhn ennoioin
uphrcen autou- toinun ouk e$ti to qeion-
144 E$ti de kai epi mias ai$qh$ews epexerga$tikw-
teron tiqenai ton logon, oion ths ora$ews- ei gar
e$ti to qeion, zwon e$tin- ei zwon e$tin, ora=
[o"los] -
oulos gar ora, oulos de noei, oulos de t' akouei.
145 ei de ora, kai leuka ora kai melana- all epei
aeukon men e$ti to diakritikon oyews meaan de to
$ugcutikon oyews, diakrinetai thn oyin kai $ug-
ceitai o qeos. ei de diakri$ews kai $ugcu$ews
e$ti dektikos, kai fqoras e$ti dektikos. toinun
ei e$ti to qeion, fqarton e$tin- ouci de ge fqarton
e$tin- ouk ara e$tin-
146 Kai mhn h ai$qh$is eteroiw$is tis e$tin- amh-
canon gar to di ai$qh$ews tinos antilambanomenon
mh eteroiou$qai alla outw diakei$qai ws pro ths
antilhyews diekeito. ei oun ai$qanetai o qeos,
kai eteroioutai- ei de eteroioutai, eteroiw$ews
147 dektikos e$ti kai metabolhs- dektikos de wn
metabolhs pantws kai ths epi to ceiron metabolhs
e$tai dektikos- ei de touto, kai fqartos e$tin-
atopon de ge to aegein ton qeon fqarton uparcein-
atopon ara kai to axioun einai touton-
148 Pros toutois, ei e$ti ti qeion, htoi pepera
$menon e$tin h apeiron. kai apeiron men ouk an
eih, epei kai akinhton an eih kai ayucon. ei gar
kineitai to apeiron, topon ek topou metercetai
topon de ek topou metercomenon en topw9 e$tin, en
topw9 de on pepera$tai. ei ara e$ti ti apeirou
akinhton e$tin- h eiper kineitai, ouk e$tin apeiron.
149 w$autws de kai ayucon e$tin- ei gar upo yuchs
$unecetai, pantws apo twn me$wn epi ta perata
kai apo twn peratwn epi ta me$a feromenon $un-
ecetai- en de apeirw9 ouden e$ti me$on oude peras-
w$te oude emyucon e$ti to apeiron- kai dia touto
ei apeiron e$ti to qeion, oute kineitai oute emyucon
e$tin- kineitai de to qeion kai emyucias axioutai
150 metecein- ouk ara apeiron e$ti to qeion. kai
mh era$menon- epei gar to pepera-
$menon tou apeirou meros e$ti, to de olon tou
merous kreitton e$ti, dhlon ws to apeiron tou
qeiou kreitton e$tai kai krath$ei ths qeias
fu$ews- atopon de to legein qeou ti kreitton, kai
kratein ths tou qeou fu$ews- toinun oude pepera-
$menon e$ti to qeion. all ei mhte apeiron e$ti
mhte pepera$meion, para de tauta ouden e$ti
triton noein, ouden e$tai to qeion-
151 Kai mhn ei e$ti ti to qeion, htoi $wma e$tin h
a$wmaton- oute de a$wmaton e$tin, epei ayuc on
eoti kai anai$qhton kai ouden dunamenon energein
to a$wmaton, oute $wma, epei pan $wma meta-
blhton te e$ti kai fqarton, afqarton de to qeion-
ou toinun uparcei to qeion-
152 Eige mhn e$ti to qeion, pantws kai zwon e$tin-
ei de zwon eotin, pantws kai panareton eoti kai
eudaimon- eudaimonia de cwris areths ou dunatai
upo$thnai- ei de panaretos e$ti kai pa$as ecei
tas aretas. all' ou pa$as men ecei tas aretas,
ouci de ge kai egkrateian ecei kai karterian. ouci
de ge tautas men ecei tas aretas, ouci de ge e$ti
tina du$apo$ceta kai du$egkarterhta tw9 qew9.
153 egkrateia gar e$ti diaqe$is anuperbatos twn kat
orqon logon gignomenwn, h areth uperanw poiou$a
hmas twn dokountwn einai du$apo$cetwn- eg-
krateuetai gar, fa$in, ouc o qanatiw$hs graos
apecomenos, all o Laidos kai Frunhs h tinos
toiauths dunamenos apolau$ai, eita apecomenos-
154 karteria de e$tin epi$thmh upomenetewn kai ouc
upomenetewn, h areth uperanw poiou$a hmas twn
dokountwn einai du$upomenhtwn- crhtai gar kar-
teria9 o temnomenos kai kaiomenos, eita [de] dia-
155 karterwn, all ouc o oinomeli pinwn- e$tai oun
tina tw qew du$upomenhta kai du$apo$ceta. ei
156 e$ti thn egkrateian kai thn karterian- ei de
tautas ouk ecei tas aretas, epei metaxu areths
kai kakias ouden e$ti, tas antiqetous tai$de tais
aretais exei kakias w$per thn malakian kai thn
akra$ian- kaqaper gar o mh ecwn thn ugeian
no$on ecei outws o mh e wn eg a
karterian en tais antikeimenais e$ti kakiais, oper
157 atopon epi qeou lege$qai. ei de e$ti tina du$apo-
$ceta kai du$upomenhta tw qew, e$ti tina kai ta
epi to ceiron autou metablhtika kai oclh$ews
poihtika. all ei touto, dektikos e$tin oclh$ews
o qeos kai ths epi to ceiron metabolhs, dio kai
fqoras- w$te eiper e$tin o qeos, fqartos e$tin-
ouci de to deuteron, ouk ara to prwton-
158 Eti de $un tois prokeimenois, ei panareton e$ti
to qeion, kai andrian ecei- ei de andrian ecei, epi-
$thmhn ecei deinwn kai ou deinwn kai twn metaxu,
159 kai ei touto, e$ti ti qew deinon- ou gar dh ge o
andreios dia tauta e$tin andreios oti epi$thmhn ecei
tou poia e$ti ta deina tw geitoni, alla ta autw
aper ouk aparallakta e$ti tois tou plh$ion
deinois. w$te epei andreios e$tin o qeos, e$ti
16 ti autw deinon- ei e$ti ti qew deinon, e$ti ti
tw qew oclh$ews poihtikon- ei de touto, epi-
dektikos e$tin oclh$ews, dia de touto kai fqoras-
oqen ei e$ti to qeion, fqarton e$tin- ouci de
fqarton e$tin- ouk ara e$tin-
161 Kai mhn ei panareton e$ti to qeion, kai thn
megaloyucian ecei. ei de megaloyucian ecei,
epi$thmhn ecei poiou$an uperairein twn $umbai-
nontwn- ei touto, e$ti tina ta $umbainonta autw
wn uperanw ginetai- ei de touto, e$ti tina kai
oclhra ta $umbainonta autw, kai outw fqartos
e$tai- ouci de ge touto- toinun oude to ex archs.
162 Pros toutois, eiper pa$as ecei tas aretas o
qeos, kai fronh$in ecei. ei fronh$in ecei, ecei kai
epi$thmhn agaqwn te kai kakwn kai adiaforwn-
ei de epi$thmhn ecei toutwn, olde poia e$ti ta
163 agaqa kai kaka kai adiafora- epei oun kai o
ponos twn adiaforwn e$tin, oide kai ton ponon
[kai] poios tis uparcei thn fu$in- ei de touto, kai
peripeptwken autw- mh9 peripe$wn gar ouk an
e$ce noh$in autou, all on tropon o mh peri-
peptwkws leukw crwmati kai melani dia to ek
geneths einai phros ou dunatai noh$in ecein crw-
matos, outws oude qeos mh peripeptwkws ponw9
164 dunatai noh$in ecein toutou- opote gar hmeis oi
peripe$ontes pollakis toutw9 thn idiothta ths
peri tous podalgikous alghdonos ou dunameqa
tranws gnwrizein, oude dihgoumenwn h'min tinwn
$umbalein, oude par autwn twn peponqotwn
$umfwnws akou$ai dia to allous allws tauthn
ermhneuein kai tous men $trofh9 tous de kla$ei
tous de nuxei legein omoion autois parakolouqein,
h pou ge qeos mhd olws ponw9 peripeptwkws
165 [[ou]] dunatai ponou noh$in ecein- nh Di, alla
ponw9 men, fa$in, ou peripeptwken, hdonh9 de, kak
tauths ekeinon nenohken- oper hn euhqes. prwton
men gar e$tin amhcanon mh peiraqenta ponou noh-
$in hdonhs labein- kata gar thn pantos tou algu-
166 nontos upexaire$in $uni$ta$qai pefuken. eita kai
toutou $ugcwrhqentos palin akolouqei to fqarton
einai ton qeon- ei gar ths toiauths diacu$eos
dektikos e$ti, kai ths epi to ceiron metabolhs
e$tai dektikos o qeos kai fqartos e$tin- ouci de
ge touto, w$te oude to ex archs-
167 Eiper te panareton e$ti to qeion kai thn fronh-
$in ecei, ecei kai thn euboulian, paro$on h eu-
boulia fronh$is e$ti pros ta bouleuta- ei de thn
168 euboulian ecei, kai bouleuetai. ei de bouaeuetai,
e$ti ti adhlon autw- ei gar mhden e$tin adhlon
autw, ou bouleuetai oude thn euboulian ecei tw
thn boulhn adhlou tinos ece$qai, zhth$in ou$an
peri tou pws en tois parou$in orqws diexagomen-
atopon de ge e$ti to mh bouleue$qai mhde eu-
boulian ecein ton qeon. toinun ecei tauthn, kai
169 $ti ti adhlon autw9 - ei de e$ti ti adhlon qew9, ouk
allo men ti e$tin adhlon qew, ouci de ge kai to
toiouton oion ei e$ti tina autou en th apeiria9
fqartika. all ei touto e$tin adhlon autw,
pantws kata thn pro$dokian twn fqartikwn autou
toutwn, ex wn en $unqroh$ei tini kai kinhmati
170 genh$etai, kan foboito- ei de en [$ug]kinhmati
toioutw9 ginetai, kai ths epi to ceiron metabolhs
e$tai dektikos, dia de touto kai fqartos o
akolouqei to mhd olws auton uparcein-
171 Kai allws, ei mhden adhlon e$ti qew all
autoqen ek fu$ews pantwn katalhptikos kaq-
e$thken, ouk ecei tecnhn, all on tropon ouk an
eipaimen peri ton batracon h ton delfina, fu$ei
nhktikous ontas, tecnhn einai nhktikhn, ton auton
tropon oude peri ton qeon ek fu$ews panta kata-
lambanomenon eipaimen an einai tecnhn tw adhlou
tinos kai [tou] autoqen mh kataaambanomenou
172 efapte$qai thn tecnhn- all ei mh e$ti peri ton
qeon tecnh, oud h peri ton bion tecnh e$tai peri
auton, ei de touto, oude h areth- mh ecwn de qeos
arethn anuparktos e$tin- kai aalws, logikos
wn o qeos, ei mh ecei thn arethn, pantws thn
173 antiqeton ecei kakian- ouci de ge thn antiqeton ecei
kakian- ecei ara tecnhn o qeos, kai e$ti tiadhlon
tw qew- w epetai to fqarton auton einai, kaqws
proteron epelogi$ameqa- oude ge fqartos e$tin-
ouk ara e$tin.
174 Eiper te mh ecei fronh$in, ws upemnh$amen
oude $wfro$unhn ecei- e$ti gar h $wfro$unh exis
en aire$e$i kai fugais $wzou$a ta ths fronh$ews
175 krimata- kai allws de, ei mhden e$tin o tas tou
qeou orexeis kinh$ei, mhde e$ti ti o epi$pa$etai
ton qeon, pws eroumen auton einai $wfrona, ths
$wfro$unhs kata toiouton tina logon hmin nenoh-
menhs; kaqa gar ouk an eipoimen ton kiono
$wfronein, kata ton auton tropon oude ton qeon
deontws fh$omen $wfrona tugcanein- periairou .
menwn de autou toutwn twn aretwn periaireitai
kai h dikaio$unh kai ai loipai- all ei mhdemian
arethn ecei o qeos, anuparktos e$tin- to de
hgoumenon- to ara lhgon-
176 Palin ei e$ti to qeion, h'toi ecei arethn h ouk
ecei- kai ei men ouk ecei, faulon e$ti to qeion kai
kakodaimonikon, oper atopon- ei de ecei, e$tai
ti tou qeou kreitton- on gar tropon h tou ippou
areth autou tou ippou e$ti kreittwn kal h tou
anqrwpou areth tou econtos e$ti kreittwn, ton
auton tropon h tou qeou areth kai autou tou qeou
177 e$tai kreittwn- ei de e$ti kreittwn tou qeou-,
dhlon ws ellipws ecwn faulws exei kai fqartos
genh$etai- all ei metaxu men twn antikeimenwn
ouden e$tin, eis oudeteron de oratai twn antikei-
menwn e'mpiptwn o qeos, rhteon mh einai qeon-
178 Kai eti, ei e$tin htoi fwnaen e$tin h afwnon-
to men oun aegein afwnon ton qeon telews atopon
kai tais koinais ennoiais macomenon9 ei de fwnaen
e$ti, fwnh9 crhtai kai ecei fwnhtika orgoinoi,
kaqaper pneumona kai traceian arthrian glw$$an
te kai $toma. touto de atopon kai eggus ths
Epikourou muqoaogias- toinun rhteon mh' uparcein
179 ton qeon- kai gar dh ei fwnh9 crhtai, omilei. ei
de omiaei, pantws kata tina dialekton omilei- ei
de touto, ti malaon th9 Ellhnidi h th barbarw9
crhtai glw$$h9 ; kai ei th Ellhnidi, ti mallon
th9 Iadi h th9 Aiolidi h tini twn alawn; kai mhn
oude pa$ais- oudemia toinun. kai gar ei th9 El-
lhnidi crhtai, pws th9 barbarw9 crh$etai, ei mh
edidaxe tis auton; [[pws de didaxei tis auton]]
ei mh ermhneis ecei paraplh$ious tois par hmin
dunamenois ermhneuein ; rhteon toinun mh crh$qa i
fwnh9 to qeion, dia de touto kai anuparkton
einai.
180 Paain ei e$ti to qeion, htoi $wma e$tin h a-
$wmaton. all a$wmaton men ouk an eih dia
tas empro$qen hmin eirhmenas aitias- ei de $wma
e$tin, htoi $ugkrima e$tin ek twn aplwn $toiceiwn
h aploun e$ti kai $toiceiwdes $wma. kai ei men
$ugkrima e$ti, fqarton e$tin- pan gar to katt
$unodon tinwn apotele$qen anagkh dialuomenon
181 fqeire$qai. ei de aploun e$ti $wma, htoi pur
e$tin h ahr h udwr h gh. opoion d an h toutwn,
ayucon e$ti kai alogon- oper atopon- ei oun
mhte $ugkrima e$tin o qeos mhte apaoun $wma,
para de tauta ouden e$ti, rhteon mhden einai
ton qeon-
182 Toiouton men dh kai to twn logwn toutwn eidos
e'$tin- hrwthntai de upo tou Karneadou kai
$writikws tines, ous o gnwrimos autou Kaeito -
macos ws $poudaiotatous kai anutikwtatous
anegrayen, econtas ton tropon touton- ei Zeus
qeos e$ti, kai o Po$eidwn qeos e$tin-
treis gar t ek Kronou nmen adeLfeoi, ous teketo
'rea,
Zens kai egw, tritatos d' 'Aidhs eneroi$in
ana$$wn-
tricqa de panta deda$ta, eka$tos d' emmore
timhs-
w9$te ei o Zeus qeos e$ti, kai o Po$eidwn adelfos
183 wn toutou qeos genh$etai- ei de o Po$eidwn qeos
e'$ti, kai o Acelwos e$tai qeos- ei de o 'Acelwos,
kai o Neilos- ei o Neilos, kai pas potamos- ei pas
potamos, kai oi ruakes an elen qeoi, kai ei oi
ruakes, kai ai Caradrai- ouci de oi ruakes- oude
o' Zeus ara qeos e$tin. ei de ge h$an qeoi, kai o
184 Zeus hn an qeos- ouk ara qeoi ei$in- kai mhn
ei o hlios qeos e$tin, kai h hmera an eih qeos- ou'
gar allo ti hn h' h'mera h hlios uper ghs- ei d'
h hmera e$ti qeos, kai o mhn e$tai qeos- $u$thma
gar e$tin ex h'merwn- ei de o mhn qeos e$ti, kai
o' eniautos an eih qeos- $u$thma gar e$tin ek
mhnwn o eniautos. ouci de ge touto- toinun oude
to ex archs- $un tw atopon einai, fa$i, thn
men h'meran qeon einai legein, th'n de ew kai thn
185 me$hmbrian kai thn deilhn mhketi- eige mh'n h'
Artemis qeos e$tin, kai h' 'Enodia tis an eih qeos-
ep' i$hs gar ekeinh9 kai auth dedoxa$tai einai qea
[[- ei de qea]] h' 'Enodia, kai h' Proquridia kai
'Epimulios kai Epiklibanios- ouci de ge touto-
186 ouk ara to ex archs- eige mhn thn 'Afrodithn
qean legomen einai, e$tai kai o Erws uios wn
187 'Afrodiths qeos- all ei o Erws qeos e$ti, kai o
Eleos e$tai qeos- amfotera gar e$ti Yuci oi
paqh, kai omoiws afw$iwtai tw Erwti kai o
'Eleos- para 'Aqhnaiois noun 'El-eou bwmoi tines
188 ei$in- ei de o Eleos qeos e$ti, kai o fobos-
amorfotatos [gar] thn oyin, eimi gar fobos,
pantwn elaci$ton tou kalou metecwn qeos-
ei de o fobos, kai ta Loipa ths yuch-s paqh- ouci
de ge tauta- oude h' 'Afrodith ara qeos e$tin- ei
de ge h$an qeoi, kan Afrodith qeos uphrcen- ouk
189 ara ei$i qeoi- kai mh'n ei h' Dhmhthr qeo's
e'oti, kai h Th qeos e$tin- h gar Dhmh'thr, fa$in,
ouk allo ti e$tin h- Th mh'thr- ei h' T h qeos eoti,
kai ta orh kai ai akrwthriai kai pas liqos e$tai
qeos- ouci de ge touto- toinun oude to ex a'rchs-
190 kai allous dh toioutous $writas erwtw$in
oi peri ton Karneadhn eis to mh einai qeous- wn to
genos apo twn proekkeimenwn autarkws gegone
prodhlon-
191 'Alla ta men antepiceiroumena para tois dog-
matikois filo$ofois eis to einai qeous kai eis to
mh einai toiauta tina kaqe$thken- ef ois h' twn
$keptikwn epoch $unei$agetai, kai mali$ta proo-
genomenhs autois kai ths apo tou koinou biou
192 peri qewn anwmalias- alloi gar allas kao
$umfwnous ecou$i peri toutwn upolhyeis, w$te
mhte pa$as einai pi$tas dia thn machn mhte tnas
dia thn i$o$qeneian, pro$epi$fragizomenhs to
toiouto kai ths para tois qeoaogois kai poihtais
muqopoih$ews- pa$hs gar a$ebeias e$ti plhrhs-
193 enqen kai o Eenofanhs dielegcwn tous peri Omhron
kai 'P$iodon fh$i
panta qeois aneqhkan Omhros q' 'P$iodos te
o$$a par anqrwpoi$in onedea kai yogos e$tin,
kleptein moiceuein te kai allh'aous apateuein.
194 Plh'n ek toutwn para$th$antes oti akoaouqei
tois peri twn dra$thriwn arcwn dogmatikws
eirhmenois h' epoch, meta tout hdh kai $keptikw-
teron dida$kwmen oti koinws aporos e$ti twi peri
tou poiountos aitiou kai o peri ths pa$couohs
ulhs logos.
PEPI AITIOU KAI PASCONTOS
195 Peri men ths tou aitiou noh'$ews en allois
a'kribe$teron dielecqhmen- nun de arkoumenoi th9
olo$cerei toutou epinoh$ei, aegomen oti twn $ke-
yamenwn peri autou oi men efa$an einai ti tinos
aition, oi de mh' einai, oi de mh maaaon einai h-' mh'
einai. kai einai men oi plei$toi twn dogmatikwn
h pantes $cedon, mh einai de oi thn metablhtikhn
kai metabatikhn kinh$in anelontes $ofi$tai- ou
cwris gar tauths ufi$tata to poioun- mh' mal-
aon de einai h mh' einai to aition fa$in oi apo
ths $keyews- kai oti ouk a$kopws, ek twn eis
196 ekateron epiceiroumenwn pare$ti maqein- arch de
gine$qw prwton apo twn axiountwn enai ti tinos
aition-
Eiper toinun, fa$in, e$ti $perma, e$ti kai aition,
epeiper to $perma aition e$ti twn ex autou fuo-
me'nwn te kai gennwmenwn- e$ti de ge $perma, ws
ek twn $peiromenwn kai zwogonoumenwn deiknutoi-
197 e$tin ara aition- kai palin, ei e$ti ti fu$is,
e$ti ti aition- twn gar fuomenwn h ekpefukotwn
aition e$tin h fu$is. uparcei de auth, ws apo twn
apotele$matwn $umfanes- kai gar atopon, faoin,
eis andriantopoiou men hmas erga$th'rion par-
elqontas kai qea$amenous twn andriantwn tous
men teleious kai aphrti$menous tous de h'miteleis,
allous de archn econtas tupw$ews, pi$teuein oti
e$ti tis toutwn tecniths kai dhmiourgos, eis de
touton ton ko$mon ei$elqontas kai ghn men en
me'$w9 qewrountas udwr de meta tauthn, kai trithn
anata$in aeros, ouranon te kai a$teras limnas te
kai potamous kai zwwn pantodapwn genh kai
futwn poikilias, mh upolambanein einai tina kai
ths toutwn dhmiourgias aition- toinun ei e$ti
fu$is, e$ti ti aition. alla mhn to prwton- ara to
198 deuteron- kai allws, ei e$ti ti yuch, e$tin
aition- auth gar kai tou zhn kai tou qnh$kein aitia
ginetai, tou men zhn parou$a, tou de qnh'$kein
cwrizomenh twn $wmatwn- e$ti de ge yuch',
fa$in, eige kai o legwn mh einai yuch'n auth9 pro$-
crwmenos touto apofainetai- e$tin ara aition.
199 pros toutois, ei e$ti qeos, e$tin aition- outos
gar hn o' ta ola dioikwn- e$ti de ge kata tas
koinas ennoias twn anqrwpwn qeos- e$tin ara
aition- kaitoi kan mh qeos uparch9, e$tin aition
to ga'r mh' einai qeous dia tina aitian ginetai- kai
tw9 oun utarcein qeon kai tw9 mh uparcen ep
200 i$hs akolouqei to einai ti aition- poalwn ge
mhn gennwmenwn kai fqeiromenwn auxomenwn te ka
meioumenwn kinoumenwn te kai akinhtizontwn, ex
anagkhs omologein dei to einai tina toutwn aitia,
ta men gene$ews ta de fqoras, kai ta men auxh$ews
ta de meiw$ews kai hdh kinh$ews h akinh$iois.
201$un tw kan mh uparch9 tauta ta apo
fainhtai de monon, palin ei$age$qai th'n uparzin
twn aitiwn- tou gar faine$qai men h'min auta ws
upokeimena, mh upokei$qai de, aition ti kaqe$thken-
202 kai mhn ei mhden e$tin aition, panta
ek pantos deh$ei gine$qai kai en panti topw
eti kai kata panta kairon- oper atopon- euqews
gar ei mhden e$tin aition, ouden to kwluon e'x an-
203 qrwpou ippon $uni$ta$qai. [aition ara ti e$tai-]
mhdenos de ontos tou kwluontos $u$thoetai pote
e'x anqrwpou ippos, kai outws, ei tucoi, ex ippou
futon- kata tauta de ou adu e
men en Aiguptw9 phgnu$qai, abrocian de en Pontw9
$umbainein, kai ta men tou qerous en cei wni
gigne$qai, ta de tou ceimwnos en qerei $uni$ta-
$qai- oqen eiper w9 epetai ti adunaton, kai auto
e$tai adunaton,i tw de mh' einai aition epetai polaa
twn a'dunatwn, rhteon kai to mh einai aiton twn
204 adunatwn uparcein- o te legwn mh' elnal
aition htoi cwris aitias touto legei h meta tnos
aitias. kai ei men cwris tinos aitias, api$tos
e$tin, meta tou akolouqein autw9 to mh mallon
touto a'xioun h to antikeimenon toutw, atas
209 epinohqh'$etai monon, ouc uparxei de eiper te
aition e$tin, ofeilei ecein to ou leetai aition,
e'pei [[ei mh ecei]] ouk e$tai aition, all on tropon
to dexion mh parontos tou pros o legetai dexion
ouk e$tin, outw kai to aition mh parontos tou pros
o noeitai ouk e$tai aition- alaa mhn ouk ecei to
aition ou e$tin aition, dia to mhte gene$in mhte
fqoran mhte pei$in mhte koinws kinh$in uparcein,
w's epi twn oikeiwn ginomenoi topwn didaxomen-
ouk ara e$tin aition-
210 Kai mhn ei e$tin aition, htoi $wma $wmatos
e$tin aition h a$wmaton a$wmatou h $wma
a'$wmatou h a$wmaton $wmatos- oute de $wma
$wmatos, ws para$th$omen, oute a$wmaton a-
$wmatou oute owma a$wmatou oute enallax a-
211 $wmaton $wmatos- ouk ara e$tin aition- ameaei ka'
ai gignomenai twn dogmatikwn $ta$eis $umfwnou$i
th9 ekkeimenh9 diaire$ei, eige $twikoi men pan aition
$wma fa$i $wmati a$wmatou tinos aition gine-
$qai, oion $wma men to $milion, $wmati de th
$arki, a$wmatou de tou temne$qai kathgorh'matos,
kai palin owma men to pur, $wmati de tw xulw
212 a$wmatou de tou kaie$qai kathgorhmatos- oi de
a$wmaton upoqemenoi ton ko$mopoion kai ton
pa'nta dioikounta beon tounanton a$wmaton owma-
tos legou$in uparcein to aition- o d' Epikouros
kai $wmata $wmatwn kai a$wmata a$omatwn
fhoin aitia tugcanein, kai $wmata men $wmaton
w's ta $toiceia twn $ugkrimatwn, a$wmata de
a$wmatwn ws ta tois prwtois $wma$i $umbebh-
kota a$wmata twn tois $ugkrima$i $umbebhkotwn
213 a$wmatwn- w$te ean deixwmen oti oute to $wma
tou $wmatos oute to a$wmaton tou a$wmatou
oute to a$wmaton tou $wmatos out enallax
dunatai tugcanein aition, autoqen e$omeqa kat-
e$keuakotes kai to mhdemian twn ekkeimenwn ota
214 $ewn katwrqw$qai. $wma men oun $wmatos
ouk an eih pote aition, epeiper amfotera thn
authn ecei fu$in- kai ei to eteron aition legetai
paro$on e$ti $wma, pantws kai to aoipon
$wma kabe$tws aition genh'$etai- koinws de am-
foterwn aitiwn ontwn ouden e$ti to pa$con, mhdenos
de pa$contos oude to poioun genh'$etai- ei ara
$wma $wmatos e$tin aition, ouden e$tin aition-
215 kai mhn oude a$wmaton a$wmatou legoit an
einai poihtikon dia thn authn aitian- ei gar amfo-
tera ths auths mete$ce fu$ews, ti mollon tode
216 toude r'hteon aition h tode toude; aeipetai
oun h $wma a$wmatou aegein aition h anapaain
a$wmaton $wmatos- oper palin twn adunatwn-
to te gar poioun qigein ofellei ths pa$cou$hs
ulhs, ina poih$h9, h te pa$cou$a ulh qicqh-nai
o'feilei, ina paqh9, to de a$wmaton oute qigein oute
217 qicqhnai pefuken- toinun oude $wma a$wmaton h
a$wmaton $wmatos e$tin aition- w epetai to
mhden uparcein aition- ei gar mhte $wma $wmatos
e$tin aition mhte a$wmaton a$wmatou mhte $wma
a$wmatou mhte enallax, para de tauta ouden eoti,
kat anagkhn ouden e$tin aition-
218 'Afele$teron men oun outw tines paramuqountai
ta tou ekkeimenou logou lh'mmata- o de Ainh$i-
dhmos diaforwteron ep autwn ecrhto tais peril
219 ths gene$ews aporiais- to gar $wma tou $wmatos
ouk an eih aition, epeiper h agenhton e$ti to
toiouton $wma kaqaper h kat Epikouron atomos,
h genhton ws anqrwpos, kai h faneron ws $idhros
kai pur, h afanes w's atomos9 o ti d' an h9 toutwn,
220 ouden dunatai poiein- htoi gar kaq' eauto menon
eteron ti poiei h eterw9 $unelqon- all' a menon men
kaq eauto pleion autou kai ths oikeias fu$ews
ou'k an dunaito ti poiein- $uneaqon de eterw9 triton
ouk an dunaito apotelein, 0 mh proteron en to
einai uphrcen- oute gar to en gene$qai duo duna-
221 ton e$tin, oute ta duo triton apotelei. ei gar
to en duo gene$qai dunaton hn, kai ekateron twn
genomenwn fn On duo apotele$ei, kai twn te$$a'rwn
eka$ton en on duo poih$ei, kai omoiws twn oktw
eka$ton, kai outws eis apeiron- panteaws de ge
atopon e$ti to ex enos apeira aegein gine$qai-
atopon ara kai ek tou enos legein ti ple~on
222 genna$qai- ta d' auta kan axiw tis ek twn
h$$onwn kata $unodon paeiona apotelei$qai- ei
gar to en tw9 eni $uneaqon triton poiei, kai to
triton pro$genomenon tois du$i tetarton apo-
tele$ei, kai to tetarton pro$genomenon tois tri$i
pempton apotele$ei, kai outw palin eis apeiron-
oukoun $wma men $wmatos ouk e$tin aition-
223 kai mhn oude a$wmaton a$wmatou dia tas autaS
aitias- oute gar ex enos oute ek pleionwn h enos
ge'noit an ti paeion- kai allws anafhs fu$is
kaqe$tws to a$wmaton oute poiein oute pa$cein
224 dunatai. w$te oude a$wmaton a$wmatou poih=
tikon e$tin- outws de oude to enallax, toute$ti
$wma a$wmatou h a$wmaton $wmatos- to te gar
$wma ouk ecei en autw thn tou a$wmatou fu$in,
to te a$wmaton ouk emperieice thn tou $wmatos
fu$in- dioper oudeteron ex oudeterou $u$th-nai.
225 dunaton e$tin, all ws ek platanou ou ginetai-
ippos dia to mh einai en th9 platanw9 thn tou ippou
fu'$in, oude ex ippou $uni$tatai anqrwpos dia to
mh elnai en ippw9 thn tou anqrwpou fu$in, outws-
ou'de ek $wmatos e$tai pot an to a$wmaton dia
to mh einai en tw $wmati thn tou a$wmatou fu$in,
226 oude anapalin ek tou a$wmatou to $wma- kaitoi
kan h to eteron en tw eterw9, palin ou genh$etai
to eteron ek tou eterou. ei gar on e$tin ekateron,
ek tou .eterou ou ginetai, all' hdh e$tin en tw
einai, h"dh de on en tw einai ou ginetai dia to thn
gene$in odon uparcein eis to einai- oude $w-mq oun
a$wmatou h a$wmaton $wmatos e$tin aition-
akoaouqei to mhden einai aition-
227 Kai palin, ei e$ti ti tinos aition, htoi to menon
tou menontos aition e$tin h to kinoumenon tou-
kinoumenou h to kinoumenon tou menontos h to
menon tou kinoumenou- oute de to menon tw menuontyi
genoit' an monhs aition, oute to kinoumenon tw
kinoumenw9 kinh$ews, oute to menon tro kinoumenw9
monhs, oute enallax, ws para$th$omen- ouk ara
228 e$t ti aition- to men oun menon tw menonti monhs
kai to kinoumenon tw kinoumenw9 kinh$ews ouk an
uparcoi aition di aparallaxian- amfoterwn goir
ep i$hs menontwn h amfoterwn kat i$on kinou-
menwn ou mallon to'de twde eroumen einai aition
monhs kai kinh$ews h tode twde. ei gar to eteron,
oti kineitai, tw eterw9 ths kinh$ews aition up-
a'rce, epei kai to eteron w$autws kineitai, lecqh'-
$etai tw loipw kinh$ews einai parektikon. oiou
kineitai men o trocos, kineitai de kai o trochlaths-
ti oun mallon dia ton trocon [kai] o trochlaths
kineitai h anapalin dia ton trochlathn o trocos;
ei ge toi to eteron mh kinoito, oude to aeipo-
menon kinh$etai- Oqen ei aition e$tin ou parontos
ginetai to apotele$ma, epei amfoterwn parontwn
ginetai to apoteae$ma kai oute tou trocou apontos
teleioutai oute tou trochlatou, r'hteon mh' mallon
ton trochlathn aition einai ths kinh$ews tw9 trocw9
229 h ton trocon tw trochlath9- kai palin menei men
 $tuaos, menei de kai to epi$tulion- all ou
malaon dia ton $tuaon rhteon menein to epi$tulion
h dia to epi$tuaion ton $tulon- tou eterou goun
arqentos kai to eteron kataferetai- w$te to men
me'non tw menonti monhs kai to kinoumenon tw
kinoumenw9 kinh$ews dia touto ouk an eipoimen
230 aition- w$autws de oude to menon tw kinou-
menw9 kinh$ews h to kinoumenon tw9 menonti mon-s
di naewtiothta fu$ews- kaqagar to yucron ouk
mainein' kai ws to qermon mh econ ton tou yucrou-
logon oudepote dunatai yucein outws oude to
kinoumenon, mh9 econ ton tou menontos aogon oude-
pote dunatai monhs einai poihtikon, h to ana-
231 palin- all eiper oute to menon tw menonti
monhse$tin aition oute to kinoumenon tw kinoumenw9
kinh$ews oute to menon tw kinoumenw9 tou kneloqai
oute to kinoumenon tw menonti tou memein, para de
tauta ouden e$tin allo ti pro$epinoein, aekteon
mhden uparcein aition-
232 Pros toutois, ei e$ti ti tinos aition, htoi to'
ama on tou ama ontos e$tin aition h to proteron
tou U$teron h to u$teron tou proteron- oute de tol
ama on tou ama ontos aition e$tin oute to proteron
tou u$teron oute to u$teron tou proteron, ws
233 para$th$omen- ouk ara e$ti ti aition- to men oun
ama on tou ama ontos ou dunatai tugcanein aition
dia to $unuparcein amfo'tera kai mh mall on tode
toude gennhtikon uparcein h tode toude, ekaterou
234 thn i$hn uParxin econtos- oude to proteron de
e$tai tou u$teron genomenou poihtikon- ei gar ote
e$ti to aition, oupw e$ti to ou e$tin aition oute
 ekeino eti aition e$ti, mh econ to ou aition e$tin
oute touto eti apotele$ma, mh $umparontos autw
tou ou apotele$ma e$ti- twn gar pros ti ekateron
e$ti toutwn, kai ta pros ti kat anagkhn dei
$unuparcein allh'lois kai ou to men prohgei$qai to
proterou aition gine$qai. oper e$tin atopwtaton
kai andrwn ta pragmata ana$trefontwn- gehoe i
ga'r to apoteae$ma pre$buteron legein tou poioun-
tos auto, dia de touto mhd' o'lws apoteleorma
tugcanein ws an mh' econ to ou e$tin apotele$ma.
onper oun tropon h'liqion e$ti to le'gein uion men
patros einai pre$buteron, amhton de $porou pro-
hkein tois cronois, outws euhqes to axioun [tij
236 aition einai tou hdh ontos to mhpw on- al' ei
mhte to ama on tou ama ontos mhte to proteron tou
u'$terou mhte to u$teron tou proterou e$tin aition,
para de tauta ouden e$tin, ouk an eih ti aition-
Kai mh'n ei e$ti ti aition, htoi autotelws kai
237 dia9 monon pro$crwmenon dunamei tinos e$tin aitiou,
$unergou pros touto deitai ths pa$cou$hs ulhs,
w$te to apoteae$ma kata koinhn amfoterwn noei-
$qai $unodon. kai ei men autotelws kai idia9
238 pro$crwmenon dunamei poiein ti pefuken, wfeile
dia pantos eauto econ kai thn idian dunamin pan-
tote poiein to apot&le$ma kai mh ef wn men
poiein ef' wn de apraktein. ei de, ws fa$i tines
23 twn dogmatikwn, ou twn apoleaumenwn kai af -
e$thkotwn e$tin alla twn pros ti dia to kai auto
pros tw pa$conti qewrei$qai kai to pa$con pros
autw, ceiron ti anakuyei- ei gar to eteron pros
240 tw9 eterw noeitai, wn to men poioun to de pa$con,
e$tai mia men ennoia, duoin d' onomatwn teuxetai,
tou te poiountos kai tou pa$contos- kai dia tou0
ou mal aon en autw h en tw legomenw paocein
egkei$etai h dra$th'rios dunaus- ws gar auo
ouden dunatai poiein cwris tou aegomenou pa$cein,
outws oude to legomenon pa$cein dunatai cwris
241 ths ekeinou parou$ias pa$cein- w$q epetai to
mh maaaon en autw h en tw pa$conti upokei$qai
thn dra$th'rion tou apotele$matos dunamin- oIon
(e$tai gar $afes to legomenon epi upodeigmatos)
eiper to pur kau$ews e$tin aition, htoi autotelws
a kai th9 idia9 monon pro$crwmenon dunamei kauoews
e$ti poihtikon, h $unergou deitai pros touto ths
242 kaiomenhs ulhs- kai ei men autotelws kai h idia9
fu$ei arkoumenon poiei thn kau$in, ecrhn kai
pantote econ auto9 thn idian fu$in dia pantos
kaiein. ouci de pantote kaiei, alla tina men kaiei
tina de ou kaiei- ouk ara autotelws kai th9- idia9
243 fu$ei pro$Crwmenon kaiei- ei de $un tc epith-
deiothti twn kaiomenwn xulwn, poqen ecomen
legein oti auto e$ti ths kau$ews aition, all ouc
h epithdeioths twn xulwn; on gar tropon mh'
ontos autou ou ginetai kau$is, outw kai ths epi-
thdeiothtos twn xulwn apou$hs ou ginetai kauois.
tauth9 te, ei auto e$tin aition oti parontos autou
ginetai to apoteae$ma kai apontos ou ginetai,
e$tai kai h epithdeioths di' ekateron toutwn
244 aition- w$per oun ths di $ullabhs ek te tou d Kai
i $une$tw$hs atopos e$tin o aegwn aition men tou
apoteaei$qai thn toiauthn $ullabhn to d, ouk aition
de to i, outw $ullaah9 men eoikotos tou kaie$qai,
$toiceiw9 de tou puros kai twn xulwn, aopwtatos
e'$tin o to men pur aition legwn tou kaie$qai,ta
de xula mhdamws- oute gar dica tou huros oute
cwris twn xulwn ginetai to kaie$qai, kaqaper oude
245 h $ullabh cwris tou d h tou i- oqen paain ei
mhte autotelws poihtikon tinos e$ti to aition mhte
$un epithdeiothti tou pa$contos, oudenos poihtikon
e$ti to aition-
246 Eti ei e$ti to aition, htoi mian ecei th'n dra$th-
rion dunamin h pollas- oute de mian ecein dunatai
w's para$th$omen, oute pollas, ws didaxomen- ouk
247 ara ti e$tin aition. mian men gar ouk ecei dunamin,
e'peiper ei mian elcen, wfeile pa'nta omoiws dia-
tiqenai kai mh diaferontws. oion o h"lios kaiei
men ta peri thn Aiqiopian merh, qalpei de ta pros
hmas, kataugazei de monon tous Uperboreous, kai
phttei men ton phlon, th'kei de' ton khron, kai
leukainei men ta e$qhmata, melainei de thn hmete-
ran epifaneian, eruqainei de karpous tinas, kai
hmin men tou oran aitios ginetai, tois nuktinomois
de twn orniqwn, olion glauxi kai nukteri$i, tou mh
oran- w$te ei mian eice dunamin, wfeile tauton
epi pantwn poiein- ouci de tauton epi pantwn
248 poiei- ouk ara mian ecei dunamin- kai mhn onde
pollas, epei ecrhn pa$as epi pantwn enepnein, oIon
panta flerein h panta cein h panta phgnunai- ei
de mhte mian ecei dunamin mh'te pollas, ouk an eih
tinos aition-
249 Nai, all' eiwqa$i pros touto upotugcanein oi
dogmatikoi, legontes oti para ta paoconta kai ta
dia$thmata pefuken exalla$$e$qai ta ginomena
upo tou autou aitiou apotele$mata, kaqaper ton
h'liou- $uneggus men gar Wn tois Aiqiyin eoike
kaiein, metriws de h'mwn afe$thkws qaapein, polu
de twn Uperborewn kecwri$menos qalpei men ou
250 damws, kataugazei de monon- kai phttei men ton
phlon to udatwdes tou gewdous exatmizwn, thkei
de ton khron dia to mh ecein thn tou phlolu
251 idiothta- oi dh' crwmenoi th9 toiauth9 upoteuxei
$cedon amacws hmin $ugcwrou$i to mh' eteron
einai tou pa$contos to poioun. ei gar ou dia
ton hlion ginetai h thxis tou khrou alla dia thn
idiothta ths peri ton khron fu$ews, faneron ws
oude to eteron aition e$ti ths thxews t9 khrw9, h
de amfoterwn $uneleu$is, tou te haiou kai tou
khrou- ths de amfoterwn $unodou poiou$hs to
apoteae$ma, toute$ti thn thxin, ou mallon dia ton
haion o khros thketai h dia ton khron o haios
thkei- outw te atopon to ek $unodou duoin gino-
menon apoteae$ma mh tois du$in anatiqenai, tw deg
e'terw9 monw9 pro$marturein-
252 kai mhn ei e$ti ti tinos aition, htoi kecwri$tai
ths pa$cou$hs ulhs h $une$tin auth9- oute de
kecwri$menon auths dunatai tugcanein aition tou
pa$cein authn oute $unon auth9, kaqws para-
253 $th$omen- ouk ara e$ti ti tinos aition- kai
kecwri$menon men auths autoqen oute auto aition
e$ti, mh parou$hs ths pros hn legetai aition, oute
254 ekeinh pa$cei, mh $umparontos tou poiountos- ei
de $unduaxoi to eteron tw eterw9, htoi auto monon
poiei to aegomenon aition uparcein, ouci de pa$cei
h poiei ama kai pa$cei. kai ei men ama poiei kai
a ei ekateron e$tai poioun te kai pa$con- h
men gar auto poiei, e$tai pa$cou$a h' ulh, h=- de h'
uah poiei, e$tai ekeino to pa$con- kai outws ou
mallon to moioun genh$etai poioun h pa$non kai
to pa$con ou mallon e$tai pa$con h poioun- oper
255 atopon- ei de poiei men, ouk antipa$cei de
htoi kata yilhn yau$in, toute$ti thn kat epi-
faneian, poiei, h kata diado$in- kai exwqen men
pro$pipton kai kata yilh'n th'n epifaneian para-
ballomenon th9 pa$cou$h9 ulh9 ou dunh$etai ti
poiein- h gar epifaneia a$wmatos e$tin, to d
256 a$wmaton oute poiein oute pa$cein pefuken- ouk
ara kata yilhn paraballomenon thn epifaneian to
aition th9 ulh9 ti poiein dunatai- kai mhn oude
kata diado$in oion te e$tin auto dran. htoi gar
dia $terewn $wmatwn diixetai h dia nohtwn tinwn
kai anai$qh'twn porwn. alla dia men $terewn
$wmatwn ouk an feroito- $wma gar dia $wmatos
257 ou dunatai cwrein. ei de dia porwn tinwn, ofeilei
tais perigrafou$ais tous porous epifaneiais
pro$pipton poiein. all ai ge epifaneiai ei$in a-
$wmatoi, kai to a$wmaton oute poiein oute pa$cein
eulogon e$tin- toinun oude kata diado$in poiei to
aition- w epetai to mhd' olws aition auto tug-
Canein-
258 Ene$ti de kai apo ths afhs koinoteron tw te
poiounti kai tw pa$conti epaporein. ina gar ti
poih$h9 h9 paqh9, ofeilei qigein h qicqhnai- ouden de
oute qigein oute qicqhnai dunatai, kaqws para-
$th$omen- ouk ara e$tin h to poioun h to pa$con.
259 ei gar aptetai ti tinos kai qigganei, htoi olon oaou
aptetai h meros merous h olon merous h meros
olou- oute de meros merous oute oaon olou oute
olon merous oute enallax aptetai, kaqws dida-
xomen- ouk ara ti tinos aptetai. kai ei mhden
mhdenos aptetai, oute to pa$con e$tin oute to
260 poioun- olon men oun olou ouc aptetai kata logon-
ei gar olon olou aptetai, ou qixis e$tai alla
enw$is amfoterwn, kai ta duo $wmata en e$tai
$wma, dia to kai tois kata baqos ofeilein to
eteron tou eterou qigganein dia to kai tauta tou
261 olou kaqe$tanai merh. kai mhn oude meros
merous qigganein dunaton e$tin- to gar meros kata
men thn pros to olon $ce$in noeitai meros, kata de
thn idion perigrafhn e$tin olon, palin te dia
tauthn thn aitian htoi to oaon meros tou olou
merous ayetai h meros merous- kai ei men
olon olou, enwqh$etai, kai amfotera en genhoetai
$wma- ei de merei merous, ekeino palin to meros
kat idian perigrafhn olon nooumenon htoi olon
olou tou merous ayetai h merei tini tinos merous,
kai outws eis apeiron- ou toinun oude meros
merous aptetai- kai mhn oude olon merous-
262 ei gar to olon tou merous ayetai, e$tai kai to
olon $unupo$telaomenon tw merei meros kai to
meros antiparekteinomenon tw oaw9 olon- to goir
i$on tw merei thn tou merous elcen analogian, kai
to i$on tw olw9 thn tou olou- telews de ap-
errwgos e$tin h to olon poiein meros h to meros
i$on axioun einai tw olw9. toinun oude to olon tou
263 merous aptetai- kai allws, ei to olon tou
merous aptetai, e$tai eautou mikroteron kai paliv
eautou meizon- oper e$ti tou proterou ceiron- to
te gar olon ei ton auton epilambanei topon tw
merei, i$on e$tai tw merei, i$on de toutw9 yeno-
menon mikroteron eautou e$tai- kai anapalin to
meros ei antiparekteinetai tw olw9, ton auton
efexei toutw9 topon, tw de olw9 ton auton ep-
264 e$chkos topon e$tai meizon eautou- o de autos
kai epi ths ana$trofhs e$ti logos- ei gar mh9
dunatai to olon tou merous apte$qai dia tas mikrw-
pro$qen epilogi$qei$as aitias, oude to meros
dunh$etai tou olou apte$qai- oqen ei mhte to olon
tou olou aptetai mhte to meros tou merous mhte
to olon tou merous mh'te enallax, ouden oudenos
aptetai- dia de touto oude aition ti tinos uparxei,
oude pa$con ti upo tinos-
265 Pros toutois te, ei aptetai ti tinos, htoi me$o-
laboumenon upo tinos, oion porou h grammhs,
ayetai tinos, h up oudenos me$olaboumenon- kai
ei men upo tinos me$olaboito, ouc ayetai ou le-
getai apte$qai, alla tou metaxu amfoterwn- ei de
mhdenos apaxaplws metaxu amfoterwn ontos to
eteron tou eterou ayetai, enw$is e$tai amfoterwn
266 all ou qixis- toinun oude tauth9 ti tinos aptetai-
oqen eiper, ina nohqh9 to poioun kai to pa$con, dei
prowmologh$qai to oti [[ti]] tinos aptetai, de-
deiktai de mhden mhdenos aptomenon, aekteon mhte
to poioun mhte to pa$con uparcein-
To men oun poioun aition outw kai kat idian kai
267 koinh9 meta tou pa$contos aporeitai- aporos de
e$ti kat idian kai o peri tou pa$contos logos- ei


gar pa$cei ti, htoi to on pa$cei ti h to mh on-
oute de to on pa$cei ti, ws para$th$omen, oute to
men oun on ou pa$cei- ef o$on gar on e$ti kai
th'n idian fu$in ecei, ou pa$cei- to de mh' on tw
mhd' olws uparcein ouk an paqoi- para de to
einai kai mh einai ouden e$tin- ouk ara pa$cei ti-
269 oion o Swkraths htoi wn qnh'$kei h mh' wn- duo
gar outoi cronoi, eis men o kaq' on e$ti kai zh9,
eteros de kaq onouk e$tin aal' efqartai- dioper
e'x anagkhs ofeilei kata ton eteron toutwn qnh'-
$kein- ote men oun e$ti kai zh9, ou qnh$kei- zh9
gar dh'touqen- qanwn de palin ou qnh'$kei, epei
dis e$tai qnh$kwn, oper atopon- ou toinun qnh'-
270 $kei Swkraths- oios d' e$tin epi toutou aogos,
toioutos kai epi tou pa$contos- oute gar to on
dunatai pa$cein ef' o$on on e$ti kai kata thn
archqen upo$ta$in noeitai, oute to mh' on- arch9n
271 gar ouc ufe$thken- ouk ara pa$cei ti- kai eti
tranoteron, eiper ge to on, ote on e$ti, pa$cei
e$tai tanantia uf en en tw autw- ouci de ge
tanantia uf en peri tw autw $uni$tatai- ouk ara
pa$cei to on, ote on e$tin- oion e$tw to on th9
fu$ei $kahron einai kai pa$cein malakunomenon,
kaqaper epi tou $idh'rou qewroumen- oukoun ote
men $kahron e$ti kai on, ou dunatai maaakune$qai,
272 epei ei malakunetai ote $klhron e$tin, e$tai ta-
nantia peri tw autw uf en, kai h men kaqe$thken
on, e$tai $klhron, h de pa$cei on uparcon, e$tai
malakon- ou dunatai de to auto uf en kai $klhron
kai malakon noei$qai- ou dunatai ara to on, ote
273 on e$ti, pa$cein. o de autos logos kai epi leukou
kai melanos crwmatos- e$tw gar to on, h on e$ti,
kai leukon einai, kai pa$cein auto meaan ginomenon.
oukoun ei to on [e$ti] kai leukon tote axioutai
pa$cein ote leukon e$ti meaan [[ginomenon]] e$tai
$umbebhkota econ ta enantia- oper atopon- ou
toinun to on, ef o$on on e$ti, pa$cein pefuken-
274 pros toutois, ei legoimen to on, ote on e$ti,
pa$cein, e$tai ti prin gegonenai gegonos- [[ouden de'
e'$ti prin gegonenai gegonos-]] ouk ara to on, ote
275 on e$ti, pa$cei- ei gar $klhron e$ti to on, e'f'
o$on on e$ti, $klhron e$ti kai ou malakon- ei de
malakon, pro tou gegonenai malakon e$tai ma-
aakon- h men gar on e$ti, $klhron e$ti kai oupw
malakon- h de ote on e$ti tote axioutai pa$cein,
prin gegonenai malakon genh'$etai malakon - atopon
de ge to toiouton- ouk ara to on, ef o$on on e$ti,
276 pa$cein rhteon- w$autws de oude to mh' on,
ote mh on e$tin- tw9 gar mh onti ouden $umbebhken,
w= de mhden $umbebhken, oude to pa$cein $um-
bebhken- toinun oude to mh on pa$cei ti- ei de
mhte to on mh'te to mh on pa$cei ti kai para
tauta ouden e$tin, ouden e$ti to pa$con-
277 Kai mh'n ei e$ti ti to pa$con, htoi kata pro$-
Be$in pa$cei h kata afaire$in h kata eteroiw$in
kai metabolhn- oute de pro$qe$is tis e$tin oute
a'faire$is oute metabolh' kai eteroiw$is, ws upo-
278 deixomen- ouk ara pa$cei ti- kaqa gar epi twn
onomatwn kata toutous tous treis tropous gi-
nontai tines metaptw$eis, kai tou men kwbios
o'nomatos afaireqei$hs ths prwths $ullabhs gi-
netai eteron onoma bios, kai toutw9 pro$teqei$hs
ths auths $ullabhs $uni$tatai to proteron onoma,
kai para enallaghn $toiceiwn, ws to arcwn onoma
ginetai Carwn, outw kai ta $wmata lecqeih an
pa$cein tricws, htoi kata afaire$in h kata pro$-
279 qe$inh kata eteroiw$in, kata afaire$in men oion
ta fqinonta, kata pro$qe$in de oion ta auxomena,
kata trophn de ws ta ex ugeias eis no$on meta-
piptonta- ean oun deicqh9 oti ouden oudenos
a'faireitai kai oti ouden oudeni pro$tiqetai kai
oti ouden ap' oudenos metatiqetai, autoqen e$tai
kate$keua$menon to mhden einai to pa$con-
280 legwmen de en prwtois peri tou kata afaireoin
tropou-
Ei gar a'faireitai ti apo tinos, htoi $wma apo'
$w'matos afaireitai h a$wmaton apo a$wmatou h
$wma apo a$wmatou h a$wmaton apo $wmatos-
oute de $wma apo $wmatos afaireitai, ws dei-
xomen, oute a$wmaton apo a$wmatou, kaqws
para$th$omen, oute $wma apo a$wmatou h a-
281 $wmaton apo $wmatos, ws kata$th$omeqa- ouk
ara afaireitai ti tinos- a$wmaton men oun apo a-
$wmatou afaireqhnai twn adunatwn e$tin- to ga'r
a'fairoumenon apo tinos ouk e$tin aqiges, to de
a$wmaton a'qiges on ou parecdG auto pros a'f-
282aire$in kai cwri$mon- enqen kai mataiazou$in
oi maqhmatikoi, otan legw$i th'n doqei$an euqeian
dica temein. h gar h'min epi tou abakos deiknumenh
euqeia ai$qhton ecei mhkos kai platos, h de up
autwn nooumenh euqeia grammh' mhkos e$tin a-
plates- kai h epi tou abakos deiknumenh ouk on
eih grammh, kai oi epiballomenoi tauthn temnein ou
thn ou$an grammh'n alaa thn mh ou$an temnou$in-
283 h kai allws, epei kat autous h grammh
ek $tigmwn $une$tw$a noeitai, e$tw tis euqeia
grammh' hn legou$in eis i$a temnein, ek peri$$wn
$une$tw$a $tigmwn, oion ennea- alla tauthn ge
temnontes h thn pempthn dielou$i $tigmhn, fhmi
de thn metaxu twn te$$arwn kai twn te$$arwn
nooumenhn, h- twn tmhmatwn to men tettarwn poih'-
$ou$i $tigmwn to de pente. thn men oun pempthn
$tigmh'n ouk an faien temnein- amerhs gar e$ti kat
autous, kai to ameres adunaton noein eis merh
diairoumenon- leipetai ara twn ths grammhs
tmhmatwn to men te$$arwn poiein $tigmwn to de
pe'nte, o palin e$tin atopon kai para thn pro-
qe$in autwn- upiocnountai men gar epi$thmonikws
thn doqei$an euqeian grammh'n eis i$a diairein
284 tmhmata, diairou$i de authn eis ani$a- o de
au'tos kai epi tou kuklou logos noei$qw- fa$i gar
kuklon einai $chma epipedon upo mias grammh-s
periecomenon, [af'] ou pa$ai ai apo tou kentrou
pros thn perifereian ekballomenai euqeiai i$a
allhlais ei$in- elta epi toutois problhma e$ti
ton kuklon dica temein- oper eotin adunaton- to
gar kentron, oper pantos tou kuklou me$aitaton
e$tin, htoi dica temnetai kata thn tou kuklon
dicotomh$in h tw eterw9 pro$merizetai tmhmati.
285 alla dica men tmhqhnai twn adunatwn- pws gar
oion te to ameres epinoein merizomenon; ei de tw
eterw9 pro$merizetai tmhmati, ani$a ginetai ta
tmh'mata kai o kukaos ou me$os diaireitai-
286 to te temnon thn grammhn h ton kuklon htoi $wua
e'$tin h a$wmaton- alla $wma men pws an epi-
nohqeih ; aqiges gar kai a$wmaton kai anupo'-
ptwton hmin to temnomenon, toute$tin h grammh kai
o kuklos- toiouto de on ouk an tmhqeih upo
$wmatos- to gar upo $wmatos temnomenon paqein
dei kai qicqhnai, to de a$wmaton oute qigein oute
qicqhnai pefuken- w$te ouk ene$ti [noh$ai] upo
$wmatos temnomenhn thn grammhn kai diairoumenon
287 ton kuklon epinoh$ai. kai mhn oude upo
a$wmatou tinos- ei gar a$wmaton e$ti to diair un
th'n grammh'n h ton kuklon, htoi $tigmh $tigmhn
temnei h grammh' grammh'n. oute de $t ' t 'n
$tigmhn oute grammh thn grammhn oia te e$ti
288 temnein, alla $tigmh men thn $tigmhn ouk an temoi,
epei ekatera e$tin amerhs, kai oute h temnou$a
ecei ois temei oute h temnomenh ta eis a tmh-
289 qh'$etai- grammh de thn grammh'n palin ouk an
diairoih- ea'n te gar plagiws epizeucqh9 ea'n te
orqiws h' temnou$a th9 temnomenh9, kat anagkhn
ofeilei $tigmh9 eauths epizeugnu$qai th9 kata th'n
diairoumenhn grammhn $tigmh9- amerous men oun
ou$hs kai ths epizeugnuyenhs, ayerous de kai th-s
ev th9 temnomenh9' ou genh$etai tis diaire$is dia to
mhte thn temnou$an eufuws ecein pros to temnein,
l40
ou$an amerh, mh'te thn temnomenhn pros to temne-
290 $qai tw pantos e$terh$qai merous- kai mhn
oud ene$ti aegein oti to temnon thn grammhn
metaxu duoin $tigmwn twn en th9 temnomenh9 grammh9
pipton temnei th'n grammh'n- touto gar twn pro-
eirhmenwn e$tin atopwteron- prwton men gar
en $uneceia9 grammh-s adunaton e$ti me$on pe$ein
peras, all anagkh kata $tigmhs feromenon noein
291 to temnon- elta kan $ugcwrhqh9 metaxu duoin
$tigmwn twn en th9 temnomenh9 grammh9 feromenon
to temnon temnein thn grammhn, ceiron ti ana
du$etai tois gewmetrais- ai gar $unqetikai ths
grammhs $tigmai htoi outws ei$i $uneceis ws mh
paradece$qai metaxu allh'lwn exwqen tina $tig-
mhn, h ouk e$tai h ex autwn $unqetos $unech's kai
292 mia grammh'- ei d' outws ei$i $uneceis ws an-
epinohton ecein metaxu allhlwn topon $tigmhs, ina
to temnon dicazh9 thn grammh'n, duoin qateron, h thn
$tigmhn dei thn kaq' hs feretai noein dicazomenhn,
h toutou adunatou kaqe$twtos tas upokeimenas
$tigmas ths grammhs noein upanacwrou$as kai
topon kai dia$ta$in parecomenas, tote men epi
tode to meros $u$tellomenwn tote de epi tode wn
293 ekateron e$tin atopon- oute gar $tigmh, kaqws
proparemuqh$ameqa, temne$qai dunatai tw9 amerhs
uparcein, oute ai en th9 temnomenh9 grammh9 $tigmai
upanacwrein pefuka$in- akinhtoi gar ei$in- toinun
kai to a$wmaton oute afaireitai apo tinos a-
294 $wmatou oute epidecetai thn afaire$in- kan epi
twn ai$qhtwn de grammwn kai kuklwn, toute$ti
twn epi tou abakos baepomenwn, qeaw$i $th'$antes
ton logon oi gewmetrai dida$kein ti tinos af
airoumenon, ou dunh'$ontai- oute gar af' oahs
ths grammhs h af' olou tou kuklou dunatai tis a'f
aire$is genomenh noei$qai oute apo merous, ws
mikron u$teron probantos tou logou didaxomen,
otan eis thn peri twn temnomenwn $wmatwn zhth$in
$ugkatabainwmen -
295 Nun de $untomws deicqentos oti ouden a$wmaton
oudenos a$wmatou afairei$qai dunatai, aeipetai
aegein h $wma apo $wmatos cwrize$qai h a-
$wmaton apo $wmatos h $wma apo a$wmatou.
a'lla $wma men apo a$wmatou afairei$qai auto
296 qene$tin adianohton, a$wmaton de apo $wmatos
cwrize$qai twn adunatwn- qigein gar dei tou
afairoumenou to afairoun, aqiges de e$ti to
a'$w'maton kai adunatos dedeiktai h qixis- w$te
oude a$wmaton $wmatos cwri$qeih pot' an- kai
alaws to cwrizomenon tinos oionei meros e$ti tou
af ou cwrizetai, to de a$wmaton tou $wmatos
297 ouk an eih meros- kai mhn oude $wma $wmatos
dunatai afairei$qai- ei gar $wma apo $wmatos
a'faireitai, htoi to i$on apo i$ou afaireitai h to
ani$on apo tou ani$ou- all' oute to i$on apo tou
i$ou afairei$qai dunatai, ws didaxomen, oute to
ani$on apo tou ani$ou, ws utomnh$omen- ouk ara
298 $wma apo $wmatos afaireitai- i$on men oun apo
i$ou ouk an afaireqeih, kaqaper apo ph'cews
phcus, epei ouk e$tai to toiouton afaire$is
299 alaa panteahs tou upokeimenou anaire$is- kai
eti htoi apo menontos tou phcews poih$omeqa th
afaire$in h apo mh menontos. kai ei men at
me'nontos, dipla$ia$omen ton phcun aal ou
elattw$omen- pws gar eti phcus upokei$etai
phcus phcews ex autou afaireqentos; ei de ap
mh menontos, ouden apoleipomen to thn afaire$in
e'pidexomenon- apo gar twn mh ontwn amh'canon t
afaireqhnai- w$te [[to]] i$on men apo tou i$ou ouk
300 afaireitai- kai mhn oude to ani$on apo to
ani$ou- ei gar touto, htoi to meizon apo ton-
httonos afaireitai' w$per apo pa ai$tou phcus'
h a'po meizonos to htton, ws to palai$tiaion apo
301 tou phcuaiou- alla to men meizon apo tou-
afairoumenon periece$qai en ekeinw tw9 ex ou
a'faire$is, en de tw httoni ou periecetai to meizon-
afairein ta ex (ou gar emperiecetai tois pente ta
ex), outws oude apo tou httonos dunaton e$tin
afairein to meizon- ou gar emperiecetai tw httoni
to meizon- toinun ouk afaireitai apo t u  n
302 to meizon- kai mhn oude apo tou meizonos
to htton ws gar elegomen, dei to apo tinos
afairoumenon emperiece$qai tw9 ex ou h' a'faire$is -
ouci de ge to elatton emperiecetai tw pleioni-
akolouqh$ei gar kai to meizon kai to paeion e'm-
periece$qai tw httoni, adunaton de touto edeiknuto-
w$te oude to htton emperi$ceqh$etai tw9 meizoni
303 outw$i d' oud' afaireqh'$etai- kai oti tw onti
 $wzetai ta ths akoaouqias, $kopwmen epi twn
tiqemenwn tois aporhtikois upodeigmatwn- ei gar
en tois ex emperiecetai ta pente ws en pleioni
eaattona, anagkh kan tois pente periece$qai toi
te'$$ara ws en pleioni elattona, kan tois te$$ar$i
ta tria, kan tois tri$i ta duo, kan tois du$i to
en, kai dia touto en tw ex ariqmw periece$qai ta
pente kai ta te$$ara kai tria kai duo kai en
304 aper e$ti pentekaideka. all ei en tw ex kata
ton idion autou aogon emperiecetai ta pentekaideka
kat anagkhn tw pente peri$ceqh$etai ta te$$ara
kai tria kai duo kai en, aper e$ti deka- kai ou
tropon en tois pente perie$chtai ta deka, outw
kan tois te$$ar$in e$tai ta tria kai duo kai e'n,
toute$ti ta ex, kai kata to analogon en tois tri$i
ta duo kai to en, aper e$tin alla tria, kan tois
305 leipomenois du$i to en- tauth9 $untiqemenwn twn
en tois ex ariqmwn, fhmi de tou pentekaideka kai
tou deka kai tou ex kai tou tria, eti kai tou enos,
e$tai o ex ariqmos perie$chkws ton triakontoi
306 pente ariqmon- toutou t eti $ugcwrhqentos
apeirakis apeirwn ariqmwn perilhptikos e$tai o
ex- palin gar o triakonta pente twn upobebhko-
twn ariqmwn e$tai perilhptikos, oion tou tria'
konta te$$ara, kai outos tou triakonta tria, kai
outos tou triakonta duo, kai outw kaq' upo'ba$in
307 me'cris apeirou- all' eiper ina ti tinos
a'faireqh9, dei emperiece$qai to afairoumenon tw--
ex ou h afaire$is, dedeiktai de oute en tw httoni
to meizon periecomenon oute en tw meizoni to'
elatton, kai mhn oude en tw i$w9 ato i$on (dei
gar to periecon meizon einai tou periecomenon,
to de tini ioon oaute eaatton eotin ekeinou oute
monas, htoi eteron ti e$tin h dekas para tas kata
meros monadas, h aqroi$mos twn kata meros
monadwn e$tin h dekas- all' eteran men twn kata
meros monadwn ouk eikos einai thn dekada- kai
gar anaireqei$wn autwn $unanaireitai kai upokei-
314 menwn pare$tin- ei de en autais e$ti tais mona$in
h' dekas, pantws ean legwmen apo ths dekados
afairei$qai thn monada, epei h' dekas ouden e$ti
para tas monadas, omologh'$omen thn monada af'
eka$ths monados afairei$qai- alla kai af' eauth-s
315 dia to $un tauth9 noei$qai thn dekada- apo pa$hs
de monados afairoumenhs kai af eauths ths mias
monados e$tai h ths mias monados ar$is dekados
ar$is- atopon de e$ti thn ths monados ar$in
dekados legein ar$in uparcein- atopon ara kai
apo deka'dos axioun afairei$qai monada- kai
mhn apo ths perileipomenhs enneados ouk an
eipoimen tauthn afairei$qai- ei gar apo th-s
enneados afaireitai h monas, ou'k wfeile meta thn
ar$in auths oloklhros qewrei$qai h' enneas- to
gar af' ou=- ti afaireitai, ou menei oaokahron meta
thn afaire$in, epei ouk e$tai gegonuia tis ap
316 autou afaire$is- kai allws, ei apo ths peri-
leipome'nhs enneados afaireitai h monas, htoi apo
olhs ths enneados afaireitai h apo ths e$caths
monados- oute de apo ths olhs enneados afaireitai
e'pei e$tai, mh eteras ou$hs para tas kata meros
monadas ths ennea'dos, h' monados ar$is ennea'dos
317 a-r$is, oper hn atopon- oute apo ths e$caths
monados, epei prwton men amerhs kai adiairetos
e'$tin h monas, epeita pws oloklhros apoaeipetai h
e'nneas, aaa' ou [[meioutai]] para monada ; ei de
mhte apo th-s dekados airetai monas mhte apo th-s
perileipomenhs enneados, para de tauta ouden
e$ti triton epinoei$qai, aekteon mh' afairei$qai
318 ths dekados monada- pros toutois, ei apo
ths dekados airetai monas, htoi apo menou$hs eti
ths dekados airetai h' monas h apo mh menou$hs-
oute de apo mh menou$hs airetai pote monas oute
apo menou$hs- para de to einai kai mh einai ouden
e$tin- ouk ara afaireitai apo ths dekados monas.
319 apo men oun menou$hs ths dekados autoqen fainetai
mh' a'fairei$qai h' monas- ef o$on gar menei dekas,
ouden afaireitai ap auths- apo de mh' menou$hs
palin afairei$qai atopon- apo gar tou mh' ontos
oude afaireqhnai ti dunatai- ouk ara afaireitai
320 ti tinos- o de autos logos kai peri ths epi
twn metrhtwn afaire$ews, oion ths apo coews
afairoumenhs kotulhs h tou apo ph'cews afairou-
me'nou palai$tou- h gar apo olou tou coews
rhteon gine$qai thn afaire$in h apo merous, kai
htoi apo menontos h mh menontos ap oudenos de
toutwn, ws pare$th$amen- toinun oude tauth9
afaireitai ti tinos-
321 All oti men ouden e$tin afaire$is, ek toutwn
$umfanes- oti de oude pro$tiqetai ti tini, para-
keimenws dida$kwmen- upokeimenou toinun phcu-
aiou $wmatos kai pro$tiqemenou toutw9 palai-
$tiaiou w$te eptapalai$ton gine$qai to ek tou
upokeimenou kai ths pro$qe$ews apotele$qen,
zhtw [en] tini pote gegonen h' tou paaai$tou
322 pro$qe$is ; htoi gar autw pro$teqeitai o palai-
$ths h tw proupokeimenw phcei h tw ex amfo-
terwn apotele$qenti eptapalai$tw9 megeqei- oute
de autw pro$tiqetai o palai$ths oute tw proupo-
keimenw9 phcei oute tw ex amfoterwn apoteae-
$qenti megeqei, fhmi de ek te tou proupokeimenou
phcews kai ths pro$qe$ews- ouk ara pro$tiqetai
323ti tini- eautw men oun ouk an pro$teqeih o
palai$th's- mh wn gar eteros eautou, kai m
dipla$iazwn eauton kata thn pro$qe$in, ouk an
eautw pro$teqeih. ei de tw upokeimenw9 ph'cei
pro$tiqetai, pws panti pro$tiqemenos ou par-
i$azetai autw kai duo poiei phceis, w$te to uen
meizon htton gigne$qai to de htton meizon; ei
gar exi$outai th9 pro$qe$ei o palai$ths to
phcei kai o phcus tw palai$th9, o men phcus
httoni i$azomenos meizwn kaqe$tws httwn genh-
$etai, o de paaai$ths mikros wn kai tw phcei
324 i$azomenos meizwn kata$th$etai- all ei mh'q
e'autw pro$tiqetai o palai$ths mhte tw pro-
upokeimenw9 phcei, leipetai legein auton tw9 e'x
a'mfoterwn apoteloumenw9 eptapalai$tw9 megeqei
pro$tiqe$qai- o palin e$tin alogwtaton- to gar
pro'$qe$in epidecomenon proupokei$qai dei ths
pro$qe$ews, ouci de to ginomenon ex autwn pro-
upokeitai autwn. ouk ara tw9 ginomenw9 ek te ths
pro$qe$ews kai ek tou proontos pro$tiqetai to
325 pro$tiqemenon- diaferei ge mhn h pro'$qe$is tou
ginomenou ex auths, kai diafwnei tois xro'nois
ekeinw9- ote men gar ginetai h pro$qe$is, oupw
to ginomenon e$tin ex autwn, ote de e$ti to
gegonos ex autwn, ouketi e$tai pro$qc$is- w$te
oude tw ginomenw9 ek ths pro$qe$ews kai tou-
proupokeimenou phcews pro$tiqetai o paaai-
$ths- all cpei to pro$tiqemenon palin oute auto
e'autw pro$tiqetai oute tw proupokeimenw9 oute
tw9 ex amfoterwn, oude thn archn pro$tiqetai
tini-
326 Ene$ti de kai peri ariqmwn thn au'thn kinein
a'porian- upokeimenhs gar tetrados kai pro$-
tiqemenhs tauth9 monados $kepteon tini ginetai
h pro$qe$is- h gar eauth9 pro$tiqetai h monas
h th9 tetradi h th9 ex amfoterwn apoteloume'nh
pentadi- oute de eauth9 pro$tiqetai dia to to
men pro$tiqemenon tini eteron einai ekeinou tou w9
pro$tiqetai, thn de monada mh' eteran einai eauths,
kai dia to mhde eauth'n dipla$iazein, duada gino-
327 menhn, oute th9 tetradi dia to mh i$aze$qai auth9
mhde dipla$iazein authn- to gar olh9 tetradi
pro$tiqemenon, mh etera9 ou$h9 twn kata meros
te$$arwn monadwn, tetras e$tin- kai mh'n oude
th9 ex auths kai ths tetrados a'poteloumenh9 pen-
tadi dia to mh proupokei$qai ths pro$qe$ews thn
pentada kai aei pote ofeilein to pro$tiqemenon
proupokeimenw9 tini pro$tiqe$qai. ouk ara pro$-
tiqetai ti tini.
328 All' ei mh'te afaireitai ti tinos, ws upodedei-
ktai, mhte pro$tiqetai ti tini, ws paremuqh$ameqa,
faneron ws oude metatiqetai ti apo tinos- hn gar
329 h' metaqe$is tou men ar$is tou de pro$qe$is- mh
ontwn de toutwn oude to pa$con ofeilei einai
eiper hn kata tina toutwn twn tropwn to pa$cein-
allws gar ouk an tis epinoh'$eie dunamenon ti
pa$cein ei mh kata toutous tous tropous-
330 Sunhptai de pws th9 peri toutou aporia9 kai h
peri tou olou eti de tou merous zhth$is, epeiper
kai h' afaire$is merous tinos apo olou dokei
a'faire$is einai kai h pro$qe$is olou palin
u'parcei pro$qe$is. oqen ei deicqeih oti aporos
e$tin o peri tou  olou kai tou merous aogos,
e'pideicqh'$etai mallon ta peri ths pro$qe$ews
kai afaire$ews pa$contos te kai drwntos pro-
hporhmena- to d oti ouk euceres e$ti legein ti
to olon e$ti kai ti to meros, akoaouqws dida$kow
men-
PERI OLOU KAI MEROUS
331 P peri tou olou $keyis anagkaia e$ti tois men
fu$ikois, epei atopon kaqe$thke toutous peri tou
olou kai tou pantos epaggellomenous to alhqes
erein mh eidenai ti pote e$ti to olon kai tina to9
me'rh, tois de $keptikois pros elegcon ths twn
332 dogmatikwn propeteias- kai dh oi men apo ths
$toas filo$ofoi diaferein upolambanou$i to oaon
kai to pan- olon men gar einai legou$i ton ko$mon
pan de to $un tw ko$mw9 exwqen kenon, kai dia
touto to men olon pepera$menon einai, pepera$tai
gar o ko$mos, to de pan apeiron, toiouton gar to
333 ektos tou ko$mou kenon. o de Epikouros adia-
forws thn te twn $wmatwn kai thn tou kenou
fu$in olon te kai pan pro$agoreuein eiwqen- ote
men gar fh$in oti h twn olwn fu$is $wmata e$ti
kai kenon, ote de oti to pan kat amfotera
apeiron e$ti, kata te $wmata kai to kenon tout
e$ti kata te to pahqos twn $wmatwn kai kata
to megeqos tou kenou, antiparhkou$wn alah'aais
334 twn kaq' ekateron apeiriwn- oi de famenoi mhd'
olws einai kenon, ws oi ek tou peripatou, to olon
kai to pan twn $wmatwn monon, ouci de kai tou
335 kenou epikathgorou$in- gegone de tis dia'-
$ta$is braceia kai peri tou merous- Epikouros
men gar eteron hxiou tugcanein to meros tou olou,
kaqaper thn atomon tou $ugkrimatos, eige ekeinh
men apoios e$ti, to de $ugkrima pepoiwtai, htoi
leukon h melan h koinws kecrw$menon kai htoi
336 qermon h yucron h allhn tina econ poiothta- oi
de $twikoi oute eteron tou olou to meros oute to
auto fa$in uparcein- h' gar ceir oute h auth tw
etera para ton anqrwpon, $un auth9 gar o an-
337 qrwpos noeitai anqrwpos- o de Ainh$idhmos kata
'Pra'kleiton kai eteron fh$i to meros tou oaou
kai tauton- h gar ou$ia kai oah e$ti kai meros,
olh men kata ton ko$mon, meros de kata thn toude
tou zwou fu$in- to de morion kai auto legetai
dicws, kai ote men ws diaferon tou idiws noou-
menou merous, kaqa fa$in auto meros merous einai,
kaqaper daktulon men ths ceiros ous de ths kefa-
ahs, ote d' ws mh' diaferon aaaa meros on tou olou,
kaqo tines fa$i koinws morion einai to $umpahrw-
338 tikon tou olou- prodihrqrwmenwn de toutwn [kai'
tou olou kata thn twn merwn $umpah'rw$in noou-
menou], xwrwmen aoipon epi thn $keyin,
Eiper oun e$ti ti olon, oion anqrwpos ippos
futon naus (tauta gar olwn onomata), htoi eteron
e$ti twn merwn autou kai kat idian upo$ta$in
kai ou$ian noeitai, h to aqroi$ma twn merwn
339 legetai tugcanein olon. all' eteron men twn
merwn ouk an eih to olon, oute kat' enargeian
oute kata noh$in- kai kat enargeian men, epei
eiper eteron hn kai kecwri$menon twn merwn to
o"lon, ecrh-n anairoumenwn twn merwn upomenon
qewrei$qai to olon- to$outon de apecei tou-
pantwn twn merwn anairoumenwn, oion tou an-
driantos, menein to olon, ws kan en monon meros
a'naireqh9, mhketi qewrei$qai to olon upokeimenon
340 ws olon- kata9 de noh$in, oti olon noeitai ou
ouden ape$ti meros- kai dia touto, ei eteron e$ti
twn merwn to olon, pant e$tai aponta ta me'rh
tou olou, kai outws ouketi e$tai to olon.
allws te to olon twn pros ti e$tin- ws gar pros
ta merh noeitai olon, kai on tropon to meros tinos
e$ti meros, outw kai to olon ek tinwn merwn
e$tin olon- ta de pros ti $unuparcein allhlois
 dei kai acwri$ta tugcanein allhlwn- ouk ara
eteron e$ti twn merwn to olon, oude kecwri$tai
341 autwn- leipetai ara legein ta merh einai to
olon- all' ei ta merh e$tin olon, htoi panta ta
merh e$tin o-lon h tina twn merwn h ti toutwn.
kai ti men twn merwn ouk an eih olon- ou gar dh' ge
h kefalh tanqrwpou olos e$tin anqrwpos, oude
342 o trachlos h h' ceir h allo ti twn toioutwn- kai
mhn oude tina twn merwn e$tai to olon- prwton
men gar ei tina twn merwn olon e$ti, ta aeipomena
ouk e$tai tou olou merh, oper atopon- eita kai
peritraph$etai h noh$is tou olou- ei gar tina
twn merwn olon e$ti, yeudos e$ti to oti olon
e$tin ou mhden ape$ti twn merwn- tina gar ape$tin-
343 w$te oute ti meros olon e$tin oute tina merh- ei
de panta ta merh to olon e$tin, kai ouden e$ti
to olon ei mh to aqroi$ma twn merwn, oute e$tai
olon oute ta merh genh'$etai merh- ws gar ouden
e$ti dia$thma para ta die$thkota, oude dokw$is
para tas pws diakeimenas dokous, oude pugmh
para thn pws e$chmati$menhn ceira, outws [[ei]]
ouden e$tai olon para to aqroi$ma twn merwn,
844 oude ta merh genh$etai merh- kai palin, on tropon
dexiou mh ontos oude ari$teron e$ti kai tou anw
wh nooumenou oude to katw noeitai, ton auton
tropon ei mh' e$ti to olon, oute ta merh noeitai
345merh oute merh tina uparxei. e$tw de kai
p ta ta merh olon einai, alla zhthteon te tinos
e$tai tauta $umplhrwtika, olou [h3 allh'lwn
e'autwn; oute de tou olou e$ti merh oute allh'lwn
oute eautwn, ws para$th$omen- ouk ara tinos
e'$ti merh- olou men oun ouk an eih merh- to gar
olon ouden e$ti para tauta, ala auta tauto
346 legetai einai olon- oude mhn aaah'lwn genh'$etai
merh- ta gar tinos merh emperiecetai tois wn
e'$ti merh, oion anqrwpw9 men h' ceir ceiri de o
daktuaos, ta de merh tou anqrwpou kat' idion
u'fe$thke kai ouk emperiecetai allhaois- oute gar
h ari$tera ceir th'n dexian $umplhroi oute h dexia9
thn ari$teran, ouc o anticeir ton licanon, ouc ai
ceires thn kefalh'n, all' idion topon eka$ton tou-
347 twn apeilhfen. oude allh'lwn oun merh e$ti ta
merh. kai mhn oude eautwn- amh'canon gar eautou
ti meros uparcein. ei oun mhte eteron e$ti twn
merwn to oaon mh'te auta ta merh e$tin olon,
348 ouden e$ti to olon- kai paain to meros, oion
h kefalh', legetai ton olon anqrwpon $umplhroun
kai anqrwpou meros einai- qewreitai de ge o
anqrwpos $un th9 kefalh9 anqrwpos- kai eauthn
ara $umplhroi h' kefalh', kai eauths ginetai
me'ros. dia de touto kai meizwn e$tin eauths kai
ela$$wn- h9 men gar $umpeplhrwmenh noeitai u'f'
e'auths, meizwn e$tin auths, h de $umplhrou$a,
349 elattwn. h de auth aporia kai epi futou kai
epi phcews kai koinws twn allwn apantwn wn
epikathgoreitai to olon- epei gar o paaai$ths
me'ros phcews noeitai ($un gar tw palai$th9 kai o
phcus noeitai phcus), kai eautou $umplhrwtikos
e'$tin o palai$ths kai meros eautou- oper atopon
kai $cedon para tas koinas ennoias-
350 Aptetai de h' aporia kai twn tou aogou merwn9
 epi gar tou toioutou $ticou,
mhnin aeide qea Phlhiadew 'Acilhos,
zhthteon to mhnin kai to aeide kai to qea kai to
Phlhiadew kai pros toutois to 'Acilhos, tinos
e'$ti merh- htoi gar olos o $ticos allo ti e$ti
twn merwn toutwn, h to aqroi$ma autwn o $ticos
e$tin- kai epakteon tas keimenas aporias- to
mhnin ei men tou olou $ticou meros e$tn koii
eautou genh$etai meros- $un autw9 gar enoeito
351 kai olos o $ticos- ei de tou aoipou tou aeide
qea Phlhiadew 'Acilhos," pws ou meizwn ana
tw ou e$ti meros, to de mhnin ouk emperiecetai
tw9 " aeide qea Phlhiadew 'Acilhos - ouk aro
me'ros e$ti to mhnin tou olou $ticou-
352 loioutwn de hporhmenwn kata ton topon
eiwqa$in oi dogmatikoi, mikran anapnohn pori-
zontes autois, legein oti to men ektos upokeiuenon
kai ai$qhton oute olon e$tin oute meros, hmeis de
e$men oi ekeinou to te olon kai to me'ros epi-
353 kathgorountes- hn gar to olon twn pros ti- ws
gar pros ta merh enoeito to olon- kai palin to9
me'rh twn pros ti- ws gar pros to olon noeitai ta
merh- ta de pros ti en $ummnhmoneu$ei e$tin
hmetera9, h de h'metera $ummnhmoneu$is e$tin en
hmin- to oun olon kai to meros e$tin en hmin- to'
de ektos upokeimenon ai$qhton oute olon e$tin
oute meros, alla pragma ou hmeis epikathgorouuen
354 thn hmwn autwn $ummnhmoneu$in- rhteon de pros
autous prwton men oti atopon e$ti to legein ton
trachlon h thn kefalh'n mh tou ektos anqrwpou
$umplhrwtika einai merh alla ths hmeteras
$ummnhmoneu$ews- ei de h' kefalh' kai o trachlos
$umplhrwtika e$ti tou anqrwpou kai o trachlos
e'$tin en hmin, deh'$ei ton anqrwpon einai en hmin-
oper atopon- ou toinun en th- hmetera9 $ummnh-
355 moneu$ei to te olon kai ta merh keitai- nai,
fh'$ei tis, all o men olos anqrwpos e$tin en hmin
kata $ummnhmoneu$in, $umplhroutai de ouc upo
tou ektos trachlou kai ths ektos kefalhs, alla
palin ek twn kata tauta ta merh ennoiwn- kai
gar autos o olos anqrwpos ennohma e$tin h'mwn.
356 o de touto legwn ouk ekfeugei thn aporian.
palin gar outos o en h'min anqrwpos, eite ennohma'
e$tin eite kai hmetera $ummnhmoneu$is, htoi
eteros noeitai para ta merh h ta merh noeitai
o anqrwpos- oudeteron de toutwn dunatai up-
arcein, ws pare$th$amen- kai auth oun h' noh$is
357 uto thn authn peptwken aporian- ei de touto,
r'hteon mhden einai olon. w9 akolouqei to mhde
meros uparcein- twn gar pros ti ekateron e$ti, kai
tou eterou twn pros ti anaireqentos $unanaireitoii
kai to loipon-
358 wde men peri toutwn hporh'$qw- $unezhthkotes
de autarkws hdh tois dogmatikois peri twn
dra$thriwn tou pantos arcwn, to meta touto
 koinoteron peri te toutwn kai twn ulikwn dia-
porwmen-
359 peri twn anwtatw kai arcikwtatwn $toiceiwn
duo men ai prwtai gegona$i $ta$eis, pleious de9
kat eidos- oi men gar $wmata elexan einai ta
360 twn ontwn $toiceia, oi de a$wmata- kai twn
$wmata famenwn ferekudhs men o Surios ghn
elexe pantwn einai archn kai $toiceion, qalhs de
o' Milh'$ios udwr, 'Anaximandros de o akou$ths
toutou to apeiron, 'Anaximenhs de kai 'Idaios o'
'Imeraios kai Diogenhs o 'Apollwniaths kai
'Arcelaos o 'Aqhnaios, Swkratous de kaqhghth's,
kai kat enious Hrakleitos aera, Ippa$os de o
361 Metapontinos kai kat enious Hrakleitos pur,
qenofanhs de udwr kai ghn
(pa'ntes gar gaihs te kai udatos ekgenome$qa),
Ippwn de o Phginos pur kai udwr, oinopidhs de'
o Xios pur kai aera, Onomakritos de en tois
'Orfikois pur kai udwr kai ghn, oi de peri ton
362 'Empedoklea kai oi apo ths $toas ghn kai udwr
kai aera kai pur
(te$$ara gar pantwn rizwmata prwton akoue-
Zeus argh's Hrh te fere$bios h'd' 'Aidwneus
Nh$tis q , h dakruois teggei krounwma bro-
teion) ,
363 Dhmokritos de kai Epikouros atomous, ei mh ti
arcaioteran tauthn qeteon thn doxan, kai ws
elegen o $twikos Po$eidwnios, apo Mwcou tinos
andros foinikos katagomenhn, 'Anaxagoras de' o'
Klazomenios omoiomereias, Diodwros de o epi-
klhqeis Kronos elaci$ta kai amerh $w'matoi,
A$klhpiadhs de o Biqunos anarmous ogkous-
364 twn de a$wmata dogmatizontwn oi men peri
Puqagoran tous ariqmous elexan pantwn arcein,
oi de maqhmatikoi ta perata twn $wmatwn, oi
365 de peri ton Platwna tas ideas- toiauths de
ou$hs ths kata genos kai kat' eidos twn Fu$ikwn
dia$ta$ews, ene$tai pros pantas koinws anterein,
en merei peri te twn $wmatwn kai twn a$wmatwn
diaporh'$antas- wde gar eka$tos twn kathriq
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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mhme'nwn $wmatikas men apoleipwn tas pantwn
arcas tais kata tou $wmatos komizomenais
a'poriais upope$eitai, a$wmatous de dogmatizwn
366 tais kata twn a$wmatwn- h'gei$qw de o peri
tou $wmatos logos, thn archn ths $keyews
lambanwn apo ths ennoias-
Euqews toinun kata men tous $wma noountas to
oion te paqein h diaqeinai, wn archgos i$toreitai
Puqagoras, h"dh $cedon anh9rh'kamen to $wma, kai
ou deomeqa pros touto kainoterwn logwn- ei ga9r
$wma e$ti to oion te paqein h poih$ai, epei ouden
poioun h pa$con dedeiktai h'min, ouden an eih to
367 epinooumenon $wma. kata de tas twn maqhmatikwn
ennoias nun $unakteon to prokeimenon- fa$i gar
$wma einai to treis econ dia$ta$eis, mhkos baqos
platos, wn mhkos men uparcein to anwqen katw,
platos de to apo ari$terwn epi ta dexia, trithn
de dia$ta$in uparcein, toute$ti to baqos, to ek
twn empro$qen eis toupi$w- oqen kai parata$eis
einai ex, duo kaq eka$thn dia$ta$in, anw katw,
368 dexia ari$tera, pro$w opi$w- tauth9 men th9
epinoia9 polu ti plhqos aporiwn exakolouqein
fainetai- ht gar cwri$ton e$ti toutwn twn
triwn dia$tasewn to $wma kata th'n epinoian,
w$te allo men einai $wma allo de to mhkos kai
baqos kai platos tou $wmatos, h aqroi$ma toutwn
369 twn dia$ta$ewn e$ti to $wma- alla cwrizo-
menon men toutwn twn dia$ta$ewn to $wma onk
ene$tin epinoein- opou gar mhte mhkos e$ti mhte
paatos mh'te baqos, ekei oude $wma noein oion te
e'$tin- ei de o aqroi$mos toutwn $wma kaqe$th-
ken, epei eka$ton autwn a$wmaton e$ti, to de ez
a$wmatwn $ugkeimenon pantws e$tin a$wmaton,
deh$ei kai thn koinhn autwn $unodon mh $wuoi
370 aal' a$wmaton uparcein- ws gar h $uneleu$is twn
grammwn a$wmatwn ou$wn kai o aqroi$mos twn
$tigmwn oudepote pefuke $tereon poiein $wma
kai antitupon, outw kai h tou mhkous kai tou
ba'qous kai tou platous $unodos, a$wmaton ou$a
$unodos, ouk apotelei $wma- ei de mhte toutwn
cwris e$ti ti $wma mhte tauta e$ti $wma, ouden
371 e$ti $wma- kai allws, epeiper h' $unodos
tou mh'kous kai platous kai baqous poiei $wma,
htoi prin ths $unodou toutwn eka$ton idia9)
perieice thn $wmatothta kai tous w$per aogous
h meta thn $uneleu$in autwn epi-
$unebh to $ ma- kai ei men eka$ton prin ths
$unodou perieice thn $wmatothta, e$tai eka$ton
372 $wma- eit' epei to $wma ou mhkos monon e$tin
oude platos oude baqos alaa kai mhkos kai baqos
kai platos, eka$ton toutwn econ thn $wma-
tothta tria genh$etai, kai outw to mhkos ou
mo'non mhkos e$tai aala kai platos kai baqos,
kai to paatos ouc aplws platos alaa kai mhkoS
kai baqos, w$autws de kai h leipomenh dia$ta$is-
373 ei de $unelqontwn toutwn tote epi$unebh to $wua
htoi $unelqontwn autwn menei h archqen fu$is h
uetaballei eis thn $wmatothta- kai ei men uenei
h a'rchqen fu$is, epei a$wuata e$ti kai a$wmata
374 menei, ou poih$ei diaforon $wma- ei de metaballei
eis to $wma, epei to epidecomenon metabolhn e$ti
$wma, eka$ton toutwn kai prin ths $uneleu$ews
$wma on, prin $wmatos apotele$ei $wma-
w$per te to metaballon $wma alahn men ant
allhs paradecetai poiothta, menei de $wma, oion
to leukon, ina genhtai melan, kai to gluku, ina
genhtai pikron, hn men apoballei poiothta hn de=
a'nadecetai, mh ekbainon tou $wma elnai, outw
kai tauta, eiper metaballei eis $wma, allhn ant
375 allhs dexetai poiothta- touto de pa$conta e$tai
$wmata- ei oun oute pro ths $uneleu$ews toutwn
e$ti to nooumenon $wma oute meta thn $uneleu$in
autwn, ouk e$tin epinoh$ai to $wma-
Pros toutois ei mhden e$ti mhkos mhde platos
mhde baqos, oude to kata metou$ian toutwn noou
menon $wma genh'$etai- ouden de e$ti mhkos kai
376 platos kai baqos, ws para$th$omen- ouk ara e$p
$wma. mhkos men gar ouk e$tin, epei to megi$ton
hn touto tou $wmatos dia$thma oper legetai paro9
tois maqhmatikois grammh', h' de grammh hn
$tigmh erruhkuia, kai h $tigmh $hmeion aueres
kai adia$taton- [[oqen ei mhden e$ti $hmeion
ameres kai adia$taton]],i ou'de grammh' genh'$etai ,
mh ou$hs de grammhs oude mhkos e$tai, mh'kous
de mh ontos oude $wma upo$th$etai- $un mhke
377 gar $wma noeitai- oti de ouden e$ti $hmeion
ameres kai adia$taton, enteuqen maqwmen- ei gar
E$ti toiouton ti, htoi $wma e$tin h a$wmaton
kai $wma men ouk e$tin, epei dia$taton an uphrce,
tou $wmatos tas treis econtos dia$ta$eis- kai
378 mh'n oude a$wmat on- ei gar a$wmaton e$tin,
ouden genh$etai ex autou- to gar gennwn kato
qixin genna, qixis de oudemia gene$qai dunatai epi
a$wmatou fu$ews- toinun oude a$wmaton e$t
to $hmeion- ei de mh'te $wma mhte a$wmaton,
379 anepinohton e$ti to $hmeion- ei de ouk e$t
$hmeion, oude grammh' e$tai- mh' ou$hs de ths
grammhs oude mhkos e$tai, w9 epetai kai h ton
$w'matos anuparxia-
380 Eti kan doqh to $hmeion einai, ouk e$tai mhkos.
hn gar to mhkos grammh', h' de grammh' r'u$is
ohmeiou- htoi oun en e$ti $hmeion ektetamenon h
grammh" h polla $hmeia noeitai $toichdon kei-
381 mena- all ei men en ektetamenon $hmeion e$tin
ouk an eih grammh'- htoi gar ton auton epecei
topon touto to $hmeion, h topon ek topou meta
tiqetai- kai ei men ton auton epecei topon touto
to $hmeion, ouk e$tai grammh aala $tigmh- r'uen
382gar enoeito grammh'- ei de topon ek topou met-
ei$in, htoi on men apoaeipon topon ou de epiloiu
banomenon metei$in, h ou men ecomenon topou eis
383 on de ekteinomenon- oute de on men apoleipon
topon ou de epilambanomenon poih$ei grammh'n-
menni gar hi archqen $tigmh, kai w9 logw9 ton
prwton epe$chkos topon elegeto $tigmh' kai ou
grammh, tw autw kai ton deuteron epeilhfos ka
ton triton kai tous exhs ouk e$tai grammh' aaaa
384palin $tigmh'- ei de ou men ecomenon topou eis on
de ekteinomenon poiei thn grammhn, htoi meri$tw
antiparekteinetai topw9 h ameri$tw9. kai ei men
ameri$tw9, menei $tigmh kai ou ginetai grammh-
385 meri$ton gar ti e$tin h grammh- ei de meriotw-
a'ntiparekteinetai topw9, epei to meri$tw anti-
parekteinomenon topw9 meri$ton e$ti kai ecei merh
to de econ merh $wma e$tin, e$tai to $hmeion
meri$ton te kai $wma, oper ou boulontai- toinun
386 ouc en e$ti $hmeion h grammh- kai mhn oude
polla $toichdon keimena- tauta gar ta $hmeia
htoi yauei allhlwn kata thn epinoian, h ouc
aptetai allhlwn, me$olaboumena de topois ti$i9
diorizetai- ei de topois me$olabeitai, ouketi mian
poih'$ei grammhn. ei de aptetai allh'lwn, htoi olo-
387 olwn aptetai h mere$i merwn- kai ei men mere$i
merwn, ouketi e$tai amerh- to gar me$on, ei tucoi
$hmeion duoin allwn $hmeiwn pleiona exei merh,
en men w9 aptetai tou empro$qen $hmeiou, eteron de
w qigganei tou opi$qen, triton w ths epipedou,
tetarton w tou uperkeimenou merous, w$te mhketi
388 auto ameres uparcein alla polumeres. ei de ola
olwn aptetai, $hmeia en $hmeiois peri$ceqh$etai
kai ton auton efexei topon- ei de ton auton efexei
topon, ouketi e$tai $toicos autwn, ina genhtai
389 grammh alla panta mia e$tai $tigmh- eiper oun
ina men epinohqh9 to $wma, dei epinohqhnai to9
mhkos, ina de to mhkos, thn grammh'n, kai ina auth,
to $hmeion, epei dedeiktai h grammh mhte $hmeion
uparcou$a mh'te ek $hmeiwn $unqetos, ouden e$ti
grammh- ei de mh' e$ti grammh', oude mhkos- w9
a'kolouqei to mhde $wma ti uparcein-
390 Kai arti men epedeixamen anepinohton thn
grammhn ecomenoi tou $hmeiou- ene$ti de kai
prohgoumenws authn anairein ecomenous ths kat
authn epinoias. fa$i gar oi gewmetrai oti grammh'
391 e$ti mhkos aplates, hmeis de $keptomenoi oute en
tois ai$qhtois oute en tois nohtois dunameqa labein
mhkos aplates- o ti gar an labwmen mhkos ai-
$qhton, touto $un po$w platei lambanomen- w$t
en men tois ai$qhtois ouk e$ti ti aplates [$wma]-i
392 kai mhn oud' en tois nohtois ene$ti [[ti]] toiouto
fanta$iwqhnai mhkos- eteron men gar eterou
$tenwteron mhkos dunameqa noein- otan de to auto
fulattontes mhkos ek toutou kat' oligon $cizwmen
tais epinoiais to platos kai touto acri tinos
poiwmen, elatton men aei kai mallon to platos
ginomenon nooumen, otan de fqa$wmen apax $te-
rh$ai tou platous to mhkos, ouketi oude to mhkos
nooumen, alla $un th9 ar$ei tou platous airetai kai
h tou mhkous epinoia-
393 Kaqolou te to epinooumenon pan htoi kat
empela$in twn enargwn noeitai h kata thn apo twn
e'naruwn metaba$in, kai touto poikilws, ote men
kata omoiothta ote de kata epi$unqe$in ote de
kata analogian, kai tauthn de h-'toi auxhtikhn h
394 meiwtikhn- kat' empela$in men oun twn enargwn
noeitai ws leukon kai melan kai gluku kai pikron9
uparcou$a mhte ek $hmeiwn $unqetos, ouden e$ti
grammhei de mh e$ti grammh' oude mhko w
akolouqei to mhde $wma ti uparcein-
39O Kai arti men epedeixamen anepinohton thn
grammhn ecomenoi tou $hmeiou- ene$ti de kai
prohgoumenws authn anairein ecomenous ths kat'
authn epinoias. fa$i gar oi gewmetrai oti grammh
391 e$ti mhkos aplates, hmeis de $keptomenoi oute e'n
tois ai$qhtois oute en tois nohtois dunameqa labein
mhkos aplates- o ti gar an labwmen mhkos ai
$qhton, touto $un po$w platei lambanomen. w$t
en men tois ai$qhtois ouk e$ti ti apaates [$wma]-
392 kai mhn oud' en tois nohtois ene$ti [[ti]] toiouto
fanta$iwqhnai mhkos- eteron men gar eterou
$tenwteron mhkos dunameqa noein- otan de to auto
fulattontes mhkos ek toutou kat' oligon $cizwmen
tais epinoiais to platos kai touto acri tinos
poiwmen, elatton men aei kai mallon to platos
ginomenon nooumen, otan de fqa$wmen apax $te-
rh$ai tou platous to mhkos, ouketi oude to mhkos
nooumen, alla $un th9 ar$ei tou paatous airetai kai
h tou mhkous epinoia-
393 Kaqolou te to epinooumenon pan htoi kat
empela$in twn enargwn noeitai h kata thn apo twn
e'nargwn metaba$in, kai touto poikilws, ote men
kata omoiothta ote de kata epi$unqe$in ote de
kata analogian, kai tauthn de htoi auxhtikhn h
394 meiwtikhn- kat' empela$in men oun twn enargwn
noeitai ws leukon kai melan kai gluku kai pikron9
tauta gar kai ei ai$qhta e$tin, all ouden htton
noeitai- kata de th'n apo twn enargwn metaba$in
o'moiwtikws men noeitai oion apo [men] ths Sw
395 kratous eikonos o' mh parwn Swkraths, $un-
qetikws de oion apo tou anqrwpou kai ippou
o mhte anqrwpos wn mhte ippos, $unqetos de e'x
a'mfoterwn ippokentauros, kata de analogian au-
xhtikhn h meiwtikhn oion apo tou oran ton koinon
kata megeqos anqrwpon kai upopiptonta auxh-
$antes men tais fanta$iais enoh$amen ton Ku'-
klwpa, os ouk ewkei
andri ge $itofagw9 alla r'iw9 ulhenti,
meiw$antes de e$pa$amen ennoian tou pugmaiou
396 anqrwpou- to$outwn dh tropwn noh$ews ontwn,
ei epinoeitai ti mhkos aplates [h grammh'], kata
tina toutwn twn tropwn ofeilei noei$qai- kat
oudena de autwn dunatai nohqhnai, ws para$th-
397 $omen, w$te anepinohton e$tin- kata men oun
empela$in twn enargwn ouk an genoito noh$is mh'-
kous tinos aplatous- oudeni gar periepe$omen
mhkei cwris platous en tois fainomenois kai
398 enarge$i pragma$in- kata de thn apo twn
e'nargwn metaba$in palin twn amhcanwn e$ti
fanta$iwqhnai mhkos aplates, oute kata omoio-
thta- ouden gar ecomen en tois enarge$i mhkos
cwris platous, ina noh$wmen ti omoion toutw9
aplates mhkos- to gar tini omoion ginw$komenw9
kai ewramenw9 ofeilei omoion uparcein- epei oun
ouden ecomen enarges upopipton mhkos cwri's
platous, oud omoion ti autou 4uneinai dunh$omeqo
399 einai mhkos aplates- kai mhn oude kat epi$un-
qe$in lhpton e$ti touto- eipatw$an gar hmin tina
twn ek periptw$ews enargwn [kai]i gignomenwn
meta tinwn $untiqentes enoh$an mhkos aplates;
400 oper eipein ou dunh'$ontai- kai mhn oude kata
analogian parhlqen h tou aplatous mhkous noh$is -
ta gar kata analogian nooumena ecei ti koinon
pros ta af wn noeitai, oion apo tou koinou ue-
ge'qous tanqrwpou kata parauxh$in enoh$amen ton
Kuklwpa kai apo tou autou palin kata meiw$in
401 ton pugmaion- w$t ei e$ti ti koinon tois kata
analogian nooumenois pros ta af wn noeitai
ouden de ecomen koinon tou te aplatous kai tou
$un platei mhkous, ina ap ekeinou ormhqentes
noh'$wmen to aplates mhkos, oude kata analogian
402 oun noeitai to toiouton. oqen ei eka$ton twn
nooumenwn kata tina twn ekkeimenwn tropwn
ofeilei noei$qai, edeixamen de hmeis kata mhdena
tropon noei$qai dunamenon to apaates mhkos,
lekteon anepinohton einai to aplates mhkos-
403 'All' i$ws tis erei oti labontes ti mhkos $un
po$w9 platei kat epita$in nooumen to aplates
mhkos- ei gar ek toutou kat oligon ela$$outai to
platos, eleu$etai pote kai eis to aplates, w$te
katalh'gein thn meiw$in eis to cwris platous
404 mhkos- alla prwton men edeixamen oti h pantelhs
tou platous ar$is kai tou mhkous e$tin anaire$is-
epeita to kat epita$in nooumenon ouc eteron e$t
tou pronohqentos, all' auto ekeino epitetamenon-
405 epei oun apo tou po$on econtos platos kat epi-
ta$in $tenothtos noh$ai ti qelomen, pantws to men
aplates mhkos ouk epinoh$omen (eterogenes gar
406 e$tin), aei de kai mallon $tenwteron lhyomeqa
platos, w$te thn katalhxin ths noh$ews en ela-
ci$totatw9 gine$qai platei, meta touto de thn eis
to eterogenes metaba$in $umbainein, toute$ti tou--
407 $unanairoumenou tw platei mh'kous- kaqolou
te, ei kata $terh$in platous noh$ai dunameqa
mhkos aplates, epei panta ta $terhtika ouk e$tin
en upokeimenw9, oude to aplates mhkos- dio oude
grammh'. ippos men gar ti e$tin en upokeimenw9,
ouc ippos d ouk e$tin, kai anqrwpos men e$tin,
ouk anqrwpos de ouk e$tin. toinun ei ecomen ti
platos h ti mhkos, en upokeimenw9 e$tai- apaates
408 d' ouc uparxei. onper oun tropon oi legontes
oti eteron eterou megeqos upertiqentes noh$in
lambanou$i tou apeirou megeqous ws $wmatos
planwntai, kai megi$ton men ti kaq' uperqe$in
pollwn megeqwn lambanou$in, ouk apeiron de touto
alla pepera$menon (o gar e$caton nenohka$i, th9
409 dianoia9 perilhpton e$tin, o de perilhpton e$ti
dianoia9, pepera$tai, epeiper toi to loipon oupo
perilhfqen th9 dianoia9 elegcei to perilhfqen ws
mh on apeiron)' outw toinun kanqade h $unaire$is
tou platous, eis elaci$ton platos kataahgou$hs
ths dianoias, platos e$ti kai ou mhkos aplates
410 allws te, ei dunaton e$ti noh$antas ti mhkos
$un po$w platei $terh$ai auto tou platous kai
to mhkos aplates epinoein, ene$tai kai $arka
epinoh$antas $un trwtw idiwmati $terh$ei tou
411 trwtou idiwmatos noh$ai atrwton $arka, kai en-
dexetai meta antitupou idiwmatos $wma noh$antas
$terh$ei tou antitupou idiwmatos aabein ananti-
	tupon $wma- oper e$tin adunaton- to gar atrioton
nooumenon ouk e$ti $arx, $un trwtw gar idiwmati
enoeito h $arx, kai anantitupon ouk e$ti $wma,
toinun kai to nooumenon cwris platous mhkos
ouk e$ti mhkos- $un po$w gar platei noeitai to
mhkos-
412 'All o ge Ari$totelhs ouk adianohton elegen
einai to para tois gewmetrais aplates mhkos (to'
ge' toi tou toicou mhkos lambanomen cwris tou
epiballein tw platei tou toicou) planwmenos.
otan gar to tou toicou mhkos lambanwmen cwris
platous, ou cwris pantos platous touto aamba'-
nomen aaaa cwris tou peri tw toicw9 platous-
endecetai gar $ugkataplexantas to tou toixou
mhkos tini platei kai oiw9dh'pote oun noh$in autou
poiei$qai, w$te mhkos lambane$qai ou xwris
413 platous aaaa cwris toude tinos paatous- prou-
keito de tw 'Ari$totelei para$th$ai ouc oti to'
tinos platous amoiron mhkos endecetai noein, all
oti to pantos platous- oper ou pare$th$en-
414 Pros toutois, eiper oi gewmetrai ou monon apaates
Faneias' o mhkos kai paatos e$tin abaqes ]
e'ne$tai koinoteron peri te grammhs kai epifaneias
diaporein- ei gar h grammh peras e$tin epi
faneias, [o e$ti,] mhkos aplates kaqe$thkuia,
pantws epifaneias epifaneia9 parateqei$hs h
parallhloi duo ginontai grammai h mia ex amfo-
415 terwn- kai ei men mia ai parallhloi duo grammoii
ginontai, epei h grammh peras e$tin epifaneias, h
de epifaneia peras $wmatos, twn duoin grammwn
mias ginomenwn kai ai duo epifaneiai mia genh'-
$ontai- outw$i de kai ta duo $wmata en e$toii
awma, kai dia touto h paraqe$is ouketi genh'$etai
paraqe$is alla enw$is- oper e$tin adunaton- epi
tinwn men gar paratiqemenwn aalh'aois $wmatwn
enw$is gine$qai pefuken, ws epi twn ugrwn, epi
tinwn de ouketi- liqos gar liqw9 kai adamas ada-
manti kata thn paraqe$in ouc enoutai. w$te duo
416 grammai ouk an genointo mia- kai aalws, ean
dwmen mian gene$qai, kai enw$in dia touto twn
$wmatwn, deh'$ei ton cwri$mon autwn mh kata ta
auta perata gine$qai alla kat' alaa kai
merh, biaiws apo$pwmenwn autwn- ouci de touto-
twn gar peratwn kai prin ths paraqe$ews kai
meta ton cwri$mon autwn h auth $wzetai fu$is-
ouk ara ai duo parallhloi grammai mia ginontai-
$u'n toutois, eiper ai duo grammai mia gi-
nontai, ta paratiqemena allhlois $wmata eni akrw9
e$tai ela$$ona- gegona$i gar ai duo grammal mia,
kai h mia kat' anagkhn en ecein akron ofeilei .
ouci de ge ta paratiqemena allh'lois $wmata eni
akrw9 ginetai ela$$ona, w$te ouk an eien ai duo
417 grammai mia- ei de parallhloi duo menou$in
ai grammai, to ek twn duoin meixon e$tai ths Mias .
ei de to ek twn duoin ginomenon meizon e$tai ths
mias grammhs, exei ekatera autwn platos, o meta
ths eteras tattomenon meizon poiei dia$thmadGkai
outws ouk e$tin aplates mhko ' a '-  eipe
e'$ti, $aleue$qai deh'$ei thn enargeian, ws par-
e$th$amen .
418 Prohgoumenws men oun tauta rhteon pros thn
para tois maqhmatikois peri $wmatwn te Kai
419 peratwn diataxin- metaBantes de akolouqws $ko-
pwmen ei kai kata tas autwn ekeinwn upoqe$eis
dunatai prokoptein o logos- are$kei toinun tois
gewmetrais thn euqeian grammhn $trefomenhn p--
$in auths tois mere$i kuklous grafein- toutw9 dh
euqus autwn tw qewrhmati macetai to mhkos
420 aplates einai thn grammh'n. epei gar pan meros
grammhs, ws fa$i, $hmeion ecei, to de $hmeion
$trefomenon kuklon grafei, otan euqeia grammh
$trefomenh kai pa$i tois eauths mere$i kuklo-
grafou$a katametrh9 to dia$thma ths epipedou ths
apo tou kentrou mecri ths exwtatw perifereias
tote htoi $uneceis ei$in oi parallhloi kukloi h
421 die$ta$in ap' allh'lwn- opoteron d an legw$i
toutwn oi gewmetrai, eis aluton $cedon aporian
empe$ountai- ei men gar die$ta$in ap' allh'wni
e$tai ti meros ths epipedou to mh kuklografou
menon kai ths grammhs to mh kukaografoun, oper
kata touto tetaktai to dia$thma ths epipedou.
422 touto de hn atopon- kai gar ecei ohmeion h grammh'
pantws kata tode to meros, kai to $hmeion kata
touto $trefomenon kukaografei- to gar h th'n
grammhn mh' ecein kata ti meros auth-s $hmeion, h
to' $hmeion $trefomenon mh grafein kuklon, para
423 ton gewmetrikon e$ti aogon- ei de $uneceis ei$in
oi kukloi, htoi outw $uneceis ei$in ws kata ton
auton tetacqai topon, h w$te aaaon par'
noei$qai metaxu mh dunamenou tinos parempe$ein
$hmeiou- parempipton gar ofeilei kuklon grafein.
kai ei men ton auton epecou$i topon, eis genh-
$ontai pantes, kai dia touto o megi$tos kukaos ou
424 dioi$ei tou elaci$tou- ei gar o men endotatw
kuklos kai pros tw kentrw9 e$tin elaci$tos, o de
exwtatw kai pros th9 perifereia9 megi$tos kaq-
e$thken, pantes de ton auton katecou$i topon
e$tai i$os tw megi$tw9 kuklw9 o elaci$tos kukaos-
oper e$tin apemfainon- ou toinun outws $unexeis
ei$in oi kukloi ws ton auton epeilhfenai topon.
425 ei de parakeintai allhlois ws mh parempiptein
metaxu ti $hmeion, $umplhrou$i to ths epipedou
platos to apo tou kentrou mecri ths e$caths
perifereias- epei oun to $umplhrwtikon platous
ex anagkhs ecei platos, oi kukaoi $umplhrountes
to ths epipedou platos exou$i paatos- h$an de
9= grammai oi kukloi- toinun ai grammai ouk ei$in
426 Ene$ti de apo hs auths dunam ws omoiotr
$unqeinai apodeixin- fa$i gar oi gewmetrai thn
kuklografou$an euqeian di auths $trefomenhn
kuklografein- dioper $unerwtwntes autous fh
$omen ei h kuklografou$a euqeia di' auths ton
kuklon grafei, ouk e$ti mhkos aplates h grammh'
h' de kuklografou$a euqeia kat autous di' auth-s
ton kuklon grafei- ouk ara mhkos aplates e$ti
427 h' grammh. otan gar h apo tou kentrou euqeii
a'gomenh $trefhtai kai di auths grafh9 ton ku
klon, htoi kata pantwn twn merwn tou entos th-s
perifereias platous feretai h' euqeia grammh',
kata tinwn men feretai kata tinwn de oudauws.
a'll' ei kata tinwn men feretai kata tinwn de mh
pantws ou grafei kuklon, kaq' wn men ferouenh
merwn ths epipedou kaq' wn de mh' feromenh
ei de kata pantwn feretai, oaon to entos th-s
perifereias platos katametrh$ei, platos de kata
metroun exei platos- to gar platous katametrh-
428 tikon ecei platos w katametrei. toinun oude di
touto rhteon mhkos aplates einai thn grammh'n-
To de auto $afe$teron ginetai kai otan legw$in
oi gewmetrai th'n plagion tou tetragwnou paeuran
katagomenhn di' auths to parallhaogrammon epi-
pedon katametrein. ei gar mhkos aplates e$tin h
grammh' pantws kai h pleura tou tetragwnou
aplaths ou$a grammh ou katametrh$ei to paral
lhlogrammon epipedon platos econ- h katame-
trou$a touto exei kai auth platos w9 katauetrei.
wo$te h to qewrhma autois ginetai yeudes, h oti h'
grammh mhkos e$tin aplates.
429 Ton te kulindron kat euqeian fa$i grammh'n
apte$qai ths epipedou, ekkuliomenon te th9 ana
meros allwn kai alawn euqeiwn qe$ei katametrein
thn epipedon. ei dh kai kat euqeian aptetai ths
epipedou o kulindros kai kuliomenos th9 ana meros
allwn kai allwn euqeiwn qe$ei katametrei thn
epipedon, pantws kai h epipedos ex euqeiwn $un-
e'$thke grammwn kai h epifaneia tou kulindrou
palin ex euqeiwn e$tin. epei oun h epipedos
paatos ecei, ecei de kai h tou kulindrou epifaneia,
to de platous $umplhrwtikon ouk e$tin apaates
ai grammai platos $umplhrou$ai ou genh'$ontai
aplateis -
430 Eti kan dwmen thn grammhn mhkos aplates
uparcein, ouden htton aporos eureqh$etai tois
gewmetrais o peri tou $wmatos logos- w$per gar
to $hmeion ruen poieigram n outw kai h gra
ruei$a poiei epifaneian, htis e$ti peras $wmatos
431 duo econ dia$ta$eis, mhkos te kai platos. epeiper
oun h' epifaneia peras e$ti $wmatos, pantws
to $wma pepera$menon e$tin- ei de touto ote
paratiqetai $wma $wmati, tote htoi ta perata
twn peratwn aptetai, h ta peperatwmena twn
peperatwmenwn h kai a a ena twn
peperatwmenwn kai ta perata twn peratwn, oion
(e$tai gar $afes to legomenon epi upodeigmatos)
ei noh'$aimen peras men to exwqen tou amforews
o$trakon, peperatwmenon de ton en tw9 amforei
oinon, duoin amforewn paratiqemenwn allh'lois
htoi to o$trakon tou o$trakou ayetai h o oinos
432 oinos tou oinou- kai ei men ta perata twn peratwn
aptetai, ta peperatwmena ouc ayetai allhlwn,
toute$ti ta $wmata- oper hn atopon- ei de ta
peperatwmena twn peperatwmenwn aptetai, tout-
e$ti $wmata $wmatwn, deh$ei tauta twn oikeiwn
433 peratwn ektos gine$qai- o palin atopon- ei de kai
a e w a a i a
mena twn peperatwmenwn, $undramountai ai apo -
riai- h9 men gar ta perata aaah'lwn aptetai, ta
peperatwmena allh'lwn ouc ayetai, h de tauya
allh'lwn qigganei, ektos e$tai twn oikeiwn pe-
434 ratwn- kai mhn eiper peras e$tin h' epifaneia
peperatwmenon de to $wma htoi $wma e$tin h
epifaneia h a$wmaton- kai ei men $wma e$ti,
yeudos to abaqh einai thn epifaneian- pan gar
$wma baqous meteicen- eita oude ayetai tinos to
peras, aala pan $wma genh'$etai apeiromegeqes-
435 ei gar $wma e$tin h' epifaneia, epei pan $wua
peras ecei, kakeino to peras palin $wma on exei
peras, kakeino triton, kai to triton tetarton, kai
outws eis apeiron- ei de a$wmatos e$tin h epi-
$ugkekrikotwn auto logw9 qewrhtwn $wmatwn
topikhn te kai metabatikhn kinh$in metaballei-
43 oion ina ti ek glukeos genhtai pikron h ek leukou
me'lan, dei tous $une$takotas auto ogkous meta-
ko$mhqhnai kai alahn anti alahs taxin ana-
dexa$qai- touto d' ouk an allws $umbaih, ean mh'
metabatikws kinhqw$in oi ogkoi- kai palin ina
ti ek $klhrou malakon genhtai h ek maaakou
$klhron, dei ta ex wn e$ti moria kata ton topon
44 kinhqhnai- diata$ei men gar autwn malakunetai,
$uneleu$ei de kai puknw$ei $klhrunetai- par' o
h metablhtikh' kinh$is ouc etera kata genos e$ti
ths metabatikhs kinh$ews- dioper h'meis pros
tauthn moli$ta komioumen tas aporias, epeiper
airomenhs auths oich$etai kai h metablhtikh'
kinh$is-
45 Prin de twn aporiwn gnw$teon oti treis ge-
gona$i $ta$eis kata to anwtatw peri kinh$ews.
oi men gar fa$i kinh$in einai, oi de mh einai, oi de
ou' mallon einai h mh einai- kai elnai men o te
bios, tois fainomenois pro$ecwn, kai oi paeious
twn fu$ikwn, w$per oi peri Puqagoran kai
'Empedoklea kai 'Anaxagoran Dhmokriton te koii
Epikouron, ols kai oi apo tou peripatou eti de
kai oi apo ths $toas $unapegrayanto kai alloi
46 pamplhqeis- mh einai de oi peri Parmenidhn kai
Meai$$on, ous o Ari$totelhs $ta$iwtas te [[th-s
fu'$ews]] kai afu$ikous keklhken, $ta$iwtas men
ai$qhton e$tin h nohton- kai ai$qhton men ouk
e$tin- aqroa gar hn poioths kat epi$unqe$in
$chmatos kai megeqous kai antitupias lambano-
menh- poioths de kat epi$unqe$in tinwn lambano-
menh ouk e$tin ai$qhth- kai to $wma ara, ws
438 $wma nooumenon, ouk e$tin ai$qhton- kai mhn
oude nohton- ina gar genhtai noh$is $wmatos
oqeilei en th9 fu$ei twn pragmatwn upokei$qai ti
ai$qhton, af ou genh$etai h tou $wmatos noh$is-
ouden de e$tin en th9 fu$ei twn pragmatwn para
to $wma kai a$wmaton, wn to men a$wmaton
autoqen e$ti nohton to de $wma ouk ai$qhton, ws
439 dedeiktai hmin. mh ontos oun en th9 fu$ei twn
pragmatwn ai$qhtou tinos af ou noh$is e$tai tou
$wmatos, oude nohton e$tai to $wma- ei de mhte
ai$qhton e$ti mhte nohton, para de tauta ouden
e$ti, r'hteon mhden einai to $wma-
440 Ala epei en toutois o peri twn $wmatwn logos
pefhnen aporos, ap aaahs archs peira$omeqa
dida$kein oti kai o peri twn aeipomenwn a$wmatwn
omoios e$ti toutw-
 Tois peri tou $wmatos kai twn peratwn pro-
hporhmenois h'mi npros te tous fu$ikous kai tous
gewmetras akolouqos einai dokei kai h peri tou-
topou zhth$is- apa$i gar $umfwnws axioutai to
$wma htoi en topw9 periece$qai h kata topou
2 fere$qai- dio prolhpteon oti kata ton Epi-
kouron ths anafous kaloumenhs fu$ews to mev
ti onomazetai kenon to de topos to de cwra,
metalambanomenwn kata diaforous epiboaas twn
o'nomatwn, epeiper h auth fu$is erhmos men kaq-
e$thkuia  pantos $wmatos kenon pro$agoreueto-i
katalambanomenh de upo $wmatos topos kaleitai
cwrountwn de di auths $wmatwn cwra ginetai.
Epikourw9 dia to e$terh$qai ths kata antibao-in
3 a'fhs- kai oi $twikoi de kenon men einai fa$i t
; oion te upo ontos katece$qai, mh katecomenon de
h dia$thma erhmon $wmatos, h dia$thma akaq
ektoumenon upo $wmatos, topon de ton upo ontos
katecomenon kai exi$azomenon tw kateconti auton
nun on kalountes to $wma, kaqws kai ek ths
metalh'yews twn onomatwn e$ti $umfanes- cwra
de fa$in einai dia$thma kata men ti katecomenon
upo $wmatos kata de ti akaqektoumenon- enioi d

cw'ran elexan uparcein ton tou meizonos $wmatos
topon, ws tauth9 diaferein tou topou th'n cwran,
tw ekeinon men mh emfainein megeqos tou em-
periecomenou $wmatos (kan gar elaci$ton periech
$wma, ouden htton topos pro$agoreuetai), thn d
axiologon emfainein megeqos tou en auth9 $wmatos.
peri men oun kenou poikiaws en tois peri $toiceiwn
ezhth$amen, kai ouk anagkaion ta nun ton auton
logon palinw9dein- peri de tou topou kai ths
$uzugou$hs toutw9 cwras, htis kai auth kata
ge'nos e$ti topos, epi tou parontos $keyomeqa-
prodhloterois gar ou$i toutois kai para pa$i
$cedon omologoumenois $unaporhqh$etai kai h
peri tou kenou $keyis, o$w9 kai peri adhaoterou
pragmatos prokoptei-
6 Ths tou topou noh'$ews dedhawmenhs kai twn
$uzugountwn autw pragmatwn utodedeigmenwn
apoaeipetai, ws e$tin eqos tois apo ths $keyews,
tous eis ekateron kinh$ai logous kai hn ep' auto
anw kai katw kai eis ta dexia kai ta ari$tera kai
pro$w kai opi$w, e$ti tis topos- merh gar ei$in
ai ex autai parata$eis tou topou, kai adunaton
e$ti tinos twn merwn uparcontwn mh ouci kakeino
uparcein ou e$ti ta merh- e$ti de ge en th9 fu$ei
twn pragmatwn anw kai katw kai eis dexia kai
ari$tera kai pro$w kai opi$w- e$tin ara topo
8 ou mhn all' ei opou hn Swkraths, nun e$tin
alaos, oion Platwn apoqanontos Swkratous, eoyin
ara topos- ws gar tou en tw amforei u'grou
ekkenwqentos kai allou epegcuqentos aegomen um-
a'rcein ton amforea topon onta kai tou proterou
: kai tou u$teron epemblhqentos u'grou, outws ei on
topon kateice Swkraths ot ezh, touton eteros nun
9 katecei, e$ti tis topos- kai allws, ei e$ti ti
$wma, kai topos e$tin- aala mhn to prwton- to
ara deuteron- pros toutois ei opou to koufon
fu'$ei feretai, ekei to baru fu$ei ou feretai,
e$tin idios tou koufou kai tou bareos topos- alla
mhn to prwton- to ara deuteron- to ge toi pur
fu$ei koufon kaqe$tw s anwforon e$ti, kai to
udwr fu$ei baru tugcanon katw briqei, kai oute
to pur katw feretai oute to udwr anw attei-
e$tin ara idios kai tou fu$ei koufou kai tou fu$ei
netai e$ti, kai to uf ou ti gignetai kai to di
o, outws uparcoi an kai to en w ti gignetai- e$ti
de to ex ou ti ginetai, oion ulh, kai to uf' ou,
olon to aition, kai to di o, kaqaper to telosa
e$tin ara kai to en w ti gignetai, toute$tin o
11 topos. oi te palaioi kai ta ola dia-
ko$mh$antes archn twn pantwn upeqento topon,
kanteuqen ormhqeis o 'H$iodos anefwnh$en
htoi men prwti$ta caos genet ' autar epeita
gai' euru$ternos, pantwn edos a$fales aiei,
ca'os legwn ton cwrhtikon twn olwn topon- mh
upokeimenou gar toutou oute gh oute udwr one
ta loipa twn $toiceiwn, ouc o $umpas ko$mos
12 edunato $u$thnai. kan kat epinoian de apantoc
anelwmen, o topos ouk anaireqh'$etai en w hn ta
. panta, all upomenei, tas treis ecwn dia$ta$eis
mhkos baqos paatos, cwris antitupias- touto gar
idion hn $wmatos.
Kai aaaa de eiwqa$i toiauta oi dogmatikoi twn
filo$ofwn diexerce$qai pros to kata$th$ai tn
13 uparxin tou topou. panta de maalon h touto
' qel -' l iz gq o ' me,rwnotoou--
u'parcein telews e$ti meirakiwdes- o gar mh
auto ekeino e$tin ou ta merh kaqe$thken' dunamei
14 eis thn autou pi$tin ws azhthton parei hptai-
to d auto rhteon kai otan ek tou en w hn Sw-
kraths nun einai Platwna $unagw$i thn uparxin
tou topou- h'mwn gar zhtountwn ei e$ti ti o
topos en w e$ti to $wma, diaferwn autou tou
autw legomenou periece$qai $wmatos, ekeinoi ws
omoaogon h'min antifwnou$i to en topw9 gegonena
Swkrathn kai to en toutw9 nun perieceoqai
16 Platwna. oti men gar aegomen afelws en 'ALex
andreia9 einai tina kai en gumna$iw9 kai e'n th
: $colh9, omologon- all e$tin hmin h $keyis ou peri
tou kata platos alla peri tou kata perigrafhn
topou, poteron e$tin h epinoeitai monon, kai ei
e$ti, potapon thn fu$in, ara ge $wmatikon h
a$wmaton kai en topw9 periecomenon h oudamws
wn ouden i$cu$an para$th$ai oi tais proeirh-
16 menais upomnh$e$i crwmenoi- koufon te fu$ec
ou didotai einai to $wma, ina kai eis idion ferhtai
topon, alaa kai to dokoun eina toiouton up' allhS
tinos aitias kai kathnagka$menws eis tinas
anwqeitai topous- eita kan doqh9 fu$ei tugcanein
koufon kai fu$ei baru, palin ouden htton apo-
rh$etai to eis ti feretai, ara eis ge $wma ti h
kenon h peras h allo ti diaferou$hs mete$chkos
17 fu$ews- nai, aaa ei e$ti to ex ou kai to uf' ou'
kai to di' o, eih an kai to en w- ou pantws
fh$omen- ei gar aporeitai to ex ou ti ginetai
toute$ti to pa$con, kai to uf oU, kaqaper to
aition, kai kaqolou to gine$qai kai to fqeireorqoii
h koinoteron kinei$qai, anagkh $unhporh$qai kai to
en w9- to d Oti taut hporhtai, kai protero9n
e'deixamen peri tou poiountos kai pa$contos di-
exeaqontes, kei u$teron didaxomen peri gene$ews
kai fqoras kai pro toutwn eti peri kinh$ews
18 $keptomenoi- o men gar eipwn
ntoi men prwti$ta caos genet , autar epeita
gai euru$ternos, pantwn edos,
e'x autou peritrepetai- eromenou gar tinos auton
ek tinos gegone to caos, ouc exei aegein- Kai
touto fa$in enioi aition gegonenai 'Epikourw9 ths
19epi to filo$ofein ormhs- komidh9 gar meiraki$kos
wn hreto ton epanaginw$konta autw grammati$thn
 htoi men prwti$ta caos genet ek tinos to caos
egeneto, eiper prwton egeneto- toutou de eipontos
mh autou ergon einai ta toiauta dida$kein call og-
twn kaloumenwn filo$o'fwn, toinun, efh$en o Epi-
kouros, ep ekeinous moi badi$teon e$tin, eiper
autoi thn twn ontwn alh'qeian i$a$in-
All oti men ouden iknoumenon legetai eis tog
u'parcein ti ton topon, ek toutwn hdh gnwrimon-
20 epi$unapteon de autois kai ta apo ths $keyews
ei gar e$ti tis upodektikos tou $wmatos topos,
htoi $wma e$tin outos h kenon. kai $wma men ouk
e$tin o upodektikos tou $wmatos topos- ei gar pan
$wma ofeilei en topw9 einai, o de topos e$ti $wWam
e$tai o topos en topw9, kakeinos palin en tritw9,
kai o tritos en tw tetartw9, kai outws eis apeiron-
21 ou' toinun $wma e$tin 0 upodektikos tou $wmatos
topos- ei de kenon e$tin o upodektikos tou $w-
matos topos, htoi menei touto to kenon epiontos
autw tou $wmatos h meqi$tatai h fqeiretai. kai
ei men menei epiontos autw tou $wmatos, e$tai
kenon ama kai plhres, h men menei, kenon, h de'
e'pidecetai to $wma, plhres- adianohton de ge to
auto kenon te kai plhres legein- toinun ou menei To
22 kenon epiontos autw tou $wmatos- ei de meq-
i$tatai to kenon, e$tai $wma to kenon- to gar
meqi$tamenon topon ek topou $wma e$tin- ouci
de ge $wma e$ti to kenon, w$te oude meqiatatai
epiontos autw tou $wmatos. kai alaws, ei meq
i$tatai tou $wmatos epiontos, ouketi dexetai to
23 $wma- 0 kai auto twn atopwn- aeipetai aro
aegein fqeire$qai to kenon- o palin adunaton- ei
gar fqeiretai, en metabolh9 kai kinh$ei ginetai [kai
ei fqeiretai, genhton e$ti]- to d en metabolh9 kQi
kinh$ei ginomenon [genhton te kai fqarton] $wnoi
kaqe$thken- w$te oude fqeiretai to kenon- kai
outws, ei mhte $wma e$tin o topos, ws pare$th
$amen, mh'te kenon, ws upemnh'$amen, ouk Qn eih tis
topos-
24 Pro's toutois eti, ei o topos periEktikos noeitai
tou $wmatos, to de periecon ektos e$ti tou meri-
ecomenou, kat anagkhn, ei e$tin o tottos, ofeilei
ti toutwn tugcanein wn to men e$tin ulh, to de
eidos, to de metaxu dia$thma twn e$catwn tou
25 $wmatos peratwn, to de perata e$cata. ulh men
oun ouk an eih o topos kata pollous tropous, oIon
epei auth men $e$wmatwtai, o de topos ou $e$w
ma'twtai, kai h men uah metei$in apo topou eis
topon, o de topos ou metercetai apo topou eis
topon- kai epi men ths ulhs legomen oti proteron
men hn ahr, nun de puknwqei$a gegonen udwr h
a'napalin proteron men udwr hn, nun de aeptunqei$a
gegonen ah'r- epi de tou topou ou aegomen touoi
a'll' oti palai men en autw hn ahr, nun d' e$tin
e autw udwr- ou toinun dunatai uah o topos
26 noei$qai- kai mhn oude to effios- to gar eidos
tos acwri$ton e$ti tou upokeimenou calkou, o
de topos cwrizetai tou $wmatods mehabainei yag r
tou puros ouranw9, on tropon to tou aggeiou peras
o e$ti tou en w a eiw $wmatos outw cai
to tou udatos peras e$ti topos ths ghs, kai to'
tou aeros peras e$ti topos tou udatos, kai to tou
puros peras topos e$tai tou aeros, kai tO to
31 ouranou peras topos e$tai tou puros- autos
mentoi O ouranos kata ton Ari$toteah ouke't'
e'$tin en topw9 all autos en eautw kai th9 oikeia9
idiothti- epei gar topos e$ti to e$caton tou peri-
econtos $wmatos peras, ektos de tou ouranou
kata touton ton filo$ofon ouden e$tin ina ka
to toutou p&ras genhtai topos ouranou, anagkh
kai ton ouranon upo mhdenos periecomenon e'v
ecutw einai kai tois oikeiois periece$qai pera$in,
32alla mh en topw9 tugcanein. oqen oude pou on
e$tin o ouranos- to gar pou on auto te e$tin
ekeino kai eteron to opou e$tin, o de ouranos
ouden ecei eteron par auton exwqen, dioper autos
33 en eautw wn oude pou genh$etai. o$on de epi
tois outw aegomenois upo twn peripathtikwn,
kinduneuei o prwtos qeos topos elnai pantwn.
kata gar 'Ari$totelh o prwtos qeos hn to
peras tou ouranou- htoi oun o qeos eteron eoti
para to ouranion peras, h auto ekeino o qeos
e$tin- kai ei men eteron e$ti para to ouranioy
peras, e$tai ti eteron ektos tou ouranou kai to
toutou peras topos genh$etai ouranou kai tauti
ece$qai ton ouranon- oper ouc upomenou$in, anq-
ei de tauton e$ti tw9 ouraniw9 perati o qeos, epei
to tou ouranou peras toMos e$ti pantwn twn
entos ouranou, e$tai kata ton 'Ari$totelh o qeos
pa'ntwn topos, o kai auto twn apemfainontwn-
34 kaqolou te, eiper to tou emperiecontos
$wmatos peras topos e$ti tou emperiecomenou,
touto to peras htoi $wma e$tin h a$wmaton.
kai ei men $wma e$tin, epei pan $wma ofeilei
en topw9 einai, e$tai o topos en topw9 kai ouketi
topos- ei de a$wmaton e$ti to tou periecontos $w-
matos peras, epei pantos $wmatos to peras e$tin
h' e'pifaneia, e$tai eka$tou $wmatos togos epi-
35 faneia, oper atopon- kaqolou te pws ou kata-
gela$ton e$ti legein ton ouranon auton eautou
topon einai outw gar e$tai to auto kai to e wT
e$ti kai to en autw, kai to auto en te kai duo,
$wma te kai a$wmaton. h men gar to auto e$tin
en e$tai, h de periecon kai emperiecomenon, duo
genh$etai, kai h men periecomenon, $wma,  de
36 periecon, a$wmaton- topos gar hrn- ou dunatai de
epinoei$qai to auto ama kai en kai duo kai $wmo-
kai a$wmaton- toinun oude kata thn toiauthn noh$in
eudromei h tou top$u katalhyis-
'All' epei kai touton anh9rhkamen, iowmen exhs ei
dunatai ti twn ontwn kata topon kinei$qai-
ba$in, to de metaboah'n, to de gene$in, to de
38 fqoran, to de auxh$in, to de meiw$in- oi de paeiousi
en ois ei$i kai oi peri ton Ainh$idhmon, ditthn tina
kata to anwtatw kinh$in apoleipou$i, mian men
39 thn metablhtikhn, deuteran de thn metabatikh'n,
wn metablhtikh men e$ti kinh$is kaq hn to $wma
en th9 auth9 menon ou$ia9 allot' allhn anadecetai
poiothta kai hn men apoleipei hn de epilambanei,
opoion ti ginetai epi tou eis oxos metabalaontos
oinou kai epi ths ex omfakos eis glukun cumon
metaballou$hs $tafulhs h tou aaaot allws
poikillomenou tas croas camaileontos h polu-
40 podos- oqen kai thn gene$in kai thn fqoran kai
thn auxh$in eti de meiw$in eidikas rhteon einai
metabolas- as fa$i kai th9 metablhtikh9 kinh'$ei
u'po$tellein, ei mh' ti thn auxh$in fh'$ei tis
ece$qai ths metabatikhs kinh$ews, ws proba$in
41 ou$an $wmatwn eis te mhkos kai euros- meta-
batikh de e$ti kinh$is kaq hn topon ek to'pon
metercetai to kinoumenon, htoi oaon h kata meros,
olon men ws epi twn trocazontwn kai peripatou'n-
twn qewroumen, kata meros de ws epi ttps ek-
teinomenhs kai $u$tellomenhs ceiros h epi twn
ths peri kentrw9 dinoumenhs $fairas merwn- olhs
gar auths en tw autw9 menou$hs topw9 ta mer
a'meibei tous topous to gar katw on proteron anw
ginetai kai to anw katw kai to pro'$w opi$w
42 kaitoi tines twn fu$ikwn, ex wn e$ti kai
o Epikouros, thn metablhtikhn kinh$in eidos
eyaexan einai ths metabatikhs- to gar metaball' on
 Kata poiothta $ugkrima pantws kata thn twn
$ugkekrikotwn auto logw9 qewrhtwn $wmatwn
topikhn te kai metabatikhn kinh$in metaballei-
43 oion ina ti ek glukeos genhtai pikron h ek leuko~
me'lan, dei tous $une$takotas auto ogkous meta-
ko$mhqhnai kai alahn anti alahs taxin ava
dexa$qai- touto d' ouk an allws $umbaih, ean mh'
metabatikws kinhqw$in oi ogkoi- kai palin ina
ti ek $klhrou malakon genhtai h ek maaakou
$klhron, dei ta ex wn e$ti moria kata ton topon
44 kinhqhnai- diata$ei men gar autwn malakunetai,
$uneleu$ei de kai puknw$ei $klhrunetai- par' o
h metablhtikh' kinh$is ouc etera kata genos e$ti
ths metabatikhs kinh$ews- dioper h'meis pros
tauthn moli$ta komioumen tas aporias, epeiper
airomenhs auths oich$etai kai h metablhtikh'
kinh$is-
45 Prin de twn aporiwn gnw$teon oti treis Ye-
gona$i $ta$eis kata to anwtatw peri kinh$ews.
oi men gar fa$i kinh$in einai, oi de mh einai, oi deg
ou' mallon einai h mh einai- kai elnai men o te
bios, tois fainomenois pro$ecwn, kai oi paeious
twn fu$ikwn, w$per oi peri Puqagoran kai
'Empedoklea kai 'Anaxagoran Dhmokriton te koiil
Epikouron, ols kai oi apo tou peripatou eti de
kai oi apo ths $toas $unapegrayanto kai alli
46 pamplhqeis- mh einai de oi peri Parmenidhn kai
Meai$$on, ous o Ari$totelhs $ta$iwtas te [[t?-s
fu'$ews]] kai afu$ikous keklhken, $ta$iwtas men
apo ths $ta$ews, afu$ikous de oti arch kinh$ews
e$tin h fu$is, hn aneilon famenoi mhden kinei$qa i-
47 to gar kinoumenon ofeilei anuein ti dia$thma, pan
de dia$thma dia to thn eis apeiron dece$qai
tomh'n anhnuton e$tin, w$t oude kinoumenon ti
48 e$tai. $umferetai de toutois tois andra$i kai
Diodwros o kronos, ei mh' ti r'hteon kata touton
kekinh$qai men ti kinei$qai de mhde en, ws pro-
bainontos tou aogou didaxomen, otan autou thn
$ta$in akribe$teron epi$keptwmeqa- ta nun de
apocrh touto ginw$kein, oti kai autos epi ths
auths e$ti doxhs tois thn kinh$in anh9rhko$in.
4? mh mallon de einai kinh$in h mh einai eaexan oi
apo ths $keyews- o$on men gar epi tois faino-
me'nois einai ti kinh$in, o$on de epi tw filo$ofw9
logw9 mh uparcein-
50 Toiauth men kai h kata ton topon $ta$is- meq
hn eis to mh eenai kinh$in epiceirountes pr~tas
komioumen en$ta$eis, ecomenoi ths kata thn
kinh$in ennoias. enioi toinun orizomenoi thn kinhoin
fa$i " kinh$is e$ti metaba$is apo topou eis
51 topon- pros ous legetai oti thn men eu'qikhin
pro$w h opi$w h eis dexia h eis ari$tera, thn
de kukaoforhtikhn parelipon, olon kaq' h
kerameikos trocos $trefetai kai h $faira tois
knwdaxi peridineitai, w$autws de kai oi nxones
kai ta tumpana- eka$ton gar twn outw kinou-
me'nwn $wmatwn ou metercetai apo topou eis
topon all en tw9 autw menon topw9 kineitai.
s2 oqen tines th'n toiauthn feugontes en$ta$in d



o,$ti metaba$is apo topou eis topon htoi oaou tou
peripatein kinoumenos kata olothta apo topou
eis topon metercetai, h te tois knwdaxi peridinou-
menh $faira olh men ou metabainei topon ek
topou, kata merh de ameibei tous topous, kai
$trefomenhs auths to men anw meros epilambanei
ton katw topon, to de katw metercetai eis ton
anw- kai epi twn loipwn to enallax- dioper thn
kinh$in rhteon, fa$i, metaba$in einai apo tinos
topou eis topon htoi oaou tou kinoumenou $wmatos
53 h twn tou olou merwn- qelh'$antes de outoi
th'n eirhmenhn fugein aporian eis eteran enepe$an-
ou gar pan to kinoumenon metabatikws metei$in
= apo topou eis topon htoi kata olo$cereian h
kata merh, all' e$ti tina twn metabatikws kinou-
menonta topw9 kineitai ti$i de ouk en tw9 autw9
menonta all allon kai alaon epilambanonta,
opoion ti e$tin idein epi tou kuklografountos
karkinou kai ths anoigomenhs kai kaeiomenhs
54 quras- epi men gar tou karkinou fainetai h tw
kentrw9 enhrei$menh keraia kata ton auton $tre
fomenh topon kai h' exwqen periagomenh te kai
kuklografou$a ap aalou eis allon metiou$a
topon- epi de ths kaeiomenhs h anoigomenhs
quras o men kata tou olmi$kou bebhkw' s $trofeus
tw9 autw9 en$trefetai topw9, to d antikeimenon
autw ths quras meros diaferontas epercetai
topous kai on men apoleipei on de epilambanei-
55 autai men oun ai kinh'$eis ekpeptwka$i ths
apodo$ews, hn de tis kai aalh paradoxotera
kinh$is metabatikh, kaq hn to kinoumenon oute
kaq olon oute kata meros noeitai ekbainon tou-
en w e$ti topou- htis kai auth ekpeptwke tou
orou, kaqws autoqen $umfanes- kai e$tai to
idiwma tauths prodhloteron epi upodeigmatos
56 poih$amenwn hmwn thn deixin. ei gar tis ourio-
dromou$hs nhos upokeoito ek ths prwras eis
prumnan orqion dokida metaferwn kai i$otacws
kinoumenos th9 nhi, w$te kaq on cronon auth eis
toumpro$qen anuei phcuaion dia$thma, kata ton
i$on kai ton en auth kinoumenon eis toupi$w meta-
bainein phcuaion diaothma, pantws kata tauthn
thn upoqe$in genh$etai men metabatikh kinh$is
oute de olon to kinoumenon ekbh'$etai tou en w
57 e$ti topou oute kata meros- o gar en th9 nhi
kinoumenos kata thn authn kaqeton tou te aeros
kai tou udatos menei dia to, opo$on an dokh9- eis
toupi$w prokoptein, to$outon $ure$qai eis to
empro$qen- dunatai oun ti kinei$qai metabatikws
o oute kaq' olothta oute kata meros ekbainei tou
en w9 e$ti topou. tauta men oun eoiken einai
58 toiauta, pare$ti de kai eterws aporein tous outw
thn epinoian ths metabatikhs kinh$ews apodidon-
tas- ea'n gar noh'$wmen ti ameres kai elaci$ton
$wma en tw autw9 $trefomenon topw9, toute$ti
kukloforhtikws, e$tai men tis metabatikh kinh$is,
oute de kata olothta ekbh$etai tou en w9 e$ti
olo'thta men epei upokeitai en tw autw topw
kukloforhtikws $trefomenon, kata meros de epei
959 ameres e$tin- o d autos logos kan $unqwmen
tina euqeian grammh'n ex amerwn $wmatwn $toich-
don tetagmenwn, kai tauthn noh$wmen $trefome-
nhn en tw autw topw9, w$per tous axonas- palin
gar e$tai men metafatikh kinh$is, oute de olh
h euqeia ekbh$etai tou en w e$ti topou, kukao-
forhtikhn gar monon epoieito thn kinh$in, oute
kata erh, twn gar amerwn $wmatwn ouk e$ti merh-
60 Alla tautas men tas en$ta$eis diakrou$ontai
oi mh $unare$komenoi tw [mh] einai tina amerh,
fh$ou$i te mecris epinoias prokoptein thn toiauthn
kinh$in, dein de authn epi upo$tatwn exetaze$qai
61 $wmatwn- woq outoi men outws upanth$ontai-
oi d' axiountes amerh einai $wmata kai thn
katalhxin ths twn $wmatwn tomhs eis elaci$ton
gine$qai ouden i$cu$ou$i legein pros tas toiouto-
tropous aporias. ou mhn alla kai e'an meta-
$twmen toutwn, eureqh$etai i$o$qenhs o te kata-
$keuazwn to mh einai kinh$in logos kai o deiknus
62 tauthn uparcein- tw men gar einai kinh$in
$unagoreuei h' enargeia, peri de tauths e$ti
zh'th$is, paro$on oi men ai$qh$ei lambane$qai
fa$i thn kinh$in, oi de ai$qh$ei men oudamws, di'
63 ai$qh'$ews de th9 dianoia9. kai oi men ai$qhton
einai aegontes pragma thn kinh$in pi$tountai to
toiouto ek tou mh to auto eggine$qai paqos th9
ai$qh$ei, oion th9 oyei, apo te tou kinoumenou
$wmatos, ote kineitai, kai apo tou hremountos,
ote dremei, aala diaforon men apo tou akinhti-
sontos alloion de apo tou kinoumenou, w$te kata
64 touto ai$qh$ei lhpthn einai thn kinh$in. oi de
a'xiountes mh ai$qh'$ei tauthn lambane$qai, alla
di' ai$qh'$ews men dianoia9 de, fa$in oti pa$o-
kinh$is kata $ummnhmoneu$in ginetai- anaferontes
gar ws tode to $wma palai men en twde tw topw9
e'tugcane nun de e$tin en twde, ennoian lambanomen
ths kinh$ews kai tou kekinh$qai. auto de to ge
mnhmoneuein ouk alogou tinosai$qh'$ews; logikhs
de dunamews e$tin ergon- ouk ara th9 ai$qh$eh
dianoia9 de lambane$qai $umbebhke thn kinh$in-
65 alaws te pa$a kinh$is kata apoleiyin kai epi-
ahyin topou noeitai. h de ai$qh$is oute topon
dunatai lambanein, ouqeis gar topos ai$qhtos
e'$tin, oute epilhyin kai apoleiyin- mnhmonikws
gar tauta qewreitai, h' de ai$qh$is alogos ou$a
e'$tbn amnhmwn- ouk ara ai$qhton ti e$tin h
kinh$is.
66 Plh'n ean te ai$qh'$ei prohgoumenws lambanhtai
ean te dianoia9, adiaforon- ekeino gar $umfanes
e$tin, oti $unadein dokei tw einai kinh$in h
enargeia- par' hn aitian kai oi dogmatikoi
filo$ofoi ouk alloqen eiwqa$i du$wpein tous
67 aporhtikous h apo tauths- pws gar, fa$Ln,
eiper mh e$ti kinh$is, hlios apo anatolhs mecri
du$ews tous idious $tadieuei dromous; h pws
w'rwn gignontai metaboaai, earos kal qerous kai
metopwrou kai ceimwnos; para gar tas tou-
h'aiou kinh'$eis ouneggi$mous te kai apo$ta$eis
68 autai $umbainou$in- pws de kai nhes anacqei$ai
e'k aimenwn eis &terous katagontai aimenas; wtina
de tropon o anairwn thn kin$in anorhtikos
ewqen proeaqwn ths oikias kai tina twn kata ton
bion pragmateu$amenos palin upo$trefei ; panta
gar tauta anantirrhta e$ti ths kinh$ews tekmh'rio-
oqen kai twn palaiwn tis kunikwn tous kata ths
kinh$ews erwtwmenos logous apekrinato men oude
en, ana$tas de periepatei, di auths ths enargeias
69 thn anoian tou $ofi$tou oneidizwn- kai ola
de pampahqh toiaut eiwqa$in oi ex enantias aegein
uper tou kinh$in einai- ois kai hmeis ws apo-
crw'$h9 $unhgoria pros kata$keuhn toude tou
merous arke$qentes eis tounantion epiceirh$omen-
ean gar i$on deicqh9 kata te pi$tin kai api$tian
tw einai kinh$in to mh einai kinh$in, pantws
akolouqh$ei to mhqeterw9 men $unainein, epecein
de peri amfoterwn-
70 Eiper oun kineitai ti prwtws, oion $toiceion,
htoi uf autou kineitai h up' allou- oute de u'f'
autou, ws deixomen, ouq' up alaou, kaqws para-
muqh$omeqa- ouk ara kineitai- autika gar ei
pan to kinoumenon upo eterou kineitai, htoi
$unakolouqountos autw tou kinountos kineitai h'
mh $unakolouqountos- oute de $unakolouqountos
oute afi$tamenou kineitai, ws deixomen- ouk ara
71 to kinoumenon up allou kineitai- ei gar to ki-
noumenon $unakolouqountos autw tou kinountos
panta $unakolouqein- ei gar logou carin eka$ton
anagkaion tw9 alfa kinoumenw9 upo tou bhta
ounakolouqein ta loipa, epeiper ws epetai tw
eallfa to bhta, kinoun to aafa, outw kai tw9 bhta
akolouqh'$ei to gamma, kinhtikon on autou, kai tw
72 gamma to delta, kai mecri tou w. toinun kai epi
twn ka a on o n agmatwn, ei eka$ton twn
kinoumenwn akoaouqoun ecein ofeilei to kinonn,
eni kinoumenw9 panta $unakolouqh$ei- atopon
de ge enos kinoumenou panta legein kinei$qai-
ouk ara epetai tw kinoumenw9 to kinoun-
73 ei de cwrizetai autou, kaqaper h' ceir a'f
i$tatai ths apopallomenhs $fairas, anagkh
paqon pws kai diateqen upo tou kinountos to
kinoumenon poiei$qai thn ap autou foran- epei
oun to pa$con ouk alaws pefuke pa$cein ei mh
kata pro$qe$in h afaire$in h metabolh'n, deh'$ei
kai to kinoumenon ti toutwn paqon upo tou kinoun-
tos kinei$qai, ws an mhden autwn paqh9 cwr-
74 $qentos tou kinountos $th$etai- edeixamen de ge
aporon ton peri ths afaire$ews kai pro$qe$ews
kai metabolhs logon, w$te oud' afi$tamenou tou9
76 kinountos kinh$etai to kinoumenon- kai allws,
ei paqon kata afaire$in h kata pro$qe$in h kata
metabolh'n kineitai to kinoumenon, ai atomoi ou
kinhqh$ontai dia to mhte pro$qe$in mhte afaire$in
mhte metabolh'n epidece$qai- toinun oude u'po
eterou kineitai to kinoumenon- ei gar ina u'pol
eterou kinhqh9, dei $unakolouqountos autw ekeinou
kinei$qai h mh $unakolouq$untos; dedeiktai de
e"kateron adunaton, lekteon mh upo etepou kinei$qai-
kineitai' htoi to kinoun auto kineitai h akinhtei
kai akinhtizein men adunaton- to gar kinoun en-
ergei ti, to de energoun kineitai, to ara kinoun
kineitai- ei de kineitai, epei pan to kinoumenon
up aaaou tinos kineitai, deh$ei kai auto kinou-
menon upo tritou tinos kinei$qai, kai to trito
upo tou tetartou, kai to tetarton upo tou pem-
ptou, kai outws eis apeiron, w$te anarcon gine-
$qai th'n kinh$in- touto de hn atopon- ouk ara t
kinoumenon up alaou kineitai-
77 Kai mh'n oud' auto uf' eautou kinhqh'$etai- e
gar autokinhton e$tin, htoi panth9 kinhthn ece
thn fu$in h eis tina dia$ta$in, oion epi tw
prwtwn kai $toiceiwdwn $wmatwn, epei kai pro
tous fu$ikous e$tin o logos- aaa' ei men pan
78 kinhthn ecei th'n fu$in, ou kinh$etai- oute g
anw enecqh'$etai dia to kai eis to katw kinh
ecein thn fu$in, oute katw dia to kai eis to anw
oute pro$w dia to kai eis to opi$w, out opi$
dia to kai eis toumpro$qen- kai epi twn leipo
79 menwn duoin dia$ta$ewn o autos logos- ei de e
tina dia$ta$in kinhthn ecei th'n fu$in, ei mev e
thn anw w$per to pur kai o ahr, pant a
kinh$etai, ei de eis thn katw monon ws gh-
udwr, panta eis to katw- ei de tina men eis t
anw dia$ta$in kinhthn ecei thn fu$in tina de e
thn katw, ou genh$etai ek kinoumenwn $wmat
80 $ugkrima- eite gar apo tou me$ou nooito kino
mena ta $toiceiwdh $wmata ws epi ta pera
luqh'$etai to pan- ekateron gar apo qaterou
= cwri$qen ws epi thn idion drameitai kinh$in, to
men anwferes epi thn anw, to de katwferes epi
81 thn katw. eit apo twn peratwn upokeoito ws
e'pi to me$on $unwqoumena, pantws h kata thn
authn kaqeton enecqh$etai h ou kata thn autn
kai ei men kata thn authn feroito, ex anagkhs
kai antipe$eitai allh'lois, kai outws h i$okra-
tounta $th$etai mhqeterou nikwntos, mhte tou katw
biazomenou mhte tou anw (atopon de legein $ta$in
82 gine$qai en tois fu$ei kinoumenois), h tounantion
ani$okratounta eis ena monon enecqh$etai topon,
htoi ton anw epikrath$antwn twn anwferwn, h
eis ton katw uperterountwn twn katwferwn- ei
de mh kata thn authn kaqeton feroito, ou $um-
ballei allhlois, mh' $umballonta de oude ougkri-
matos e$tai tinos apotele$tika- touto de atopon-
toinun oude autokinhton e$ti to kinoumenon-
83 palin ei autokinhton e$ti to kinoumenon, epei pan
to kinoun htoi prowqoun kinei h epi$pwmenon h
a'nocloun kai qlibon, deh'$ei kai to autokinhton
eautou kinhtikon on htoi prow$tikws kinein h epi-
84 $pa$tikws h anocahtikws kai qliptikws- eite de
prow$tikws kinoih, e$tai exopi$qen eautou (to gar
prowqoun exopi$qen e$ti tou prowqoumenou), eite
epi$pa$tikws, e$tai empro$qen autou, eite anoclh-
tikws kai qliptikws, upokatwqen autou- adunaton
de ge noein ti auto htoi opi$qen eautou- h em-
pro$qen h Upokatw- ouk ara autokinton e$ti to
kinoumenon- ei de mhte up allou kineitai to kinou-
menon mh'te uf' eautou, para de tauta oden e$ti,
r'hteon mh kinei$qai to kinoumenon.
85 Komizetai de kai auh tis embriqhs upomnh$is
eis to mh einai kinh$in upo Diodwrou tou Kronou,
di h-s pari$th$in oti kineitai men oude en, keki-
htai de. kai mh kinei$qai men, touto akolouqou
86 e$ti tais kat auton twn amerwn upoqe$e$in. to
gar ameres $wma ofeilei en amerei topw9 peri-
e'ce$qai, kai dia touto mhte en autw kinei$qai
(ekpeplhrwke gar auton, dei de topon eceiu
meizona to kinh$omenon) mhte en w mh e$tin- oupw
gar e$tin en ekeinw9, ina kai en autw kinhqh=-
w$te oude kineitai- kekinhtai de kata logon- to
gar proteron en twde tw topw9 qewroumenon,
touto en eterw9 nun qewreitai topw9- oper ouk
an egegonei mh kinhqentos autou. outos men oun
o anhr eparhgein qelh'$as tw oikeiw9 dogmati
 atopon ti pro$hkato- pws gar ouk atopon t0
mhdenos kinoumenou legein ti kekinh$qai; oi de
apo ths $keyews ep i$hs kai peri tou kinei$qaL
kai peri tou kekinh$qai aporountes ouden atopon
pro$dexontai, kaqaper Diodwros pro$hkato-
87 plhn outos ge ton periforhtikon $unerwta logon
eis to mh kinei$qai ti, legwn ei kineitai ti, hto
e'n w e$ti topw9 kineitai, h en w mh e$tin- oute de
en w9 e$ti, menei gar en autw, oute en w mh e$tin,
88 ou gar e$tin en autw- ouk ara kineitai ti- kai
o men logos toioutos, h' de paramuqia twn lhm
ma'twn autou profanh's. duoin gar ontwn topwn,
enosmen tou en w ti e$tin,deuterou de tou e w
e$tin, kai tritou para toutous mhd' epinoei$qai
dunamenou, dei to kinoumenon, ei ontws kineitoii,
e'n tw eterw9 toutwn kinei$qai- en gar tw an-
89 epinohtw9 ouk an kinoito- en w9 men oun e$ti topw
ou kineitai- ekpeplhrwke gar auton- kai ef
o$on e$tin en autw, menei- menon de en autw ou'
kineitai- en w de mh' e$ti, paain adunaton auto
kinei$qai- opou gar ti mh e$tin, ekei oute dra$ai
ti oute paqein dunatai, kata tauta de oude
kinei$qai, kai ws ouk an tis le'goi ton en Podio
onta en 'Aqh'nais kinei$qai, outws oude koinws
pan $wma erei en ekeinw9 kinei$qai tw to'pw9 enqo-
90 mh e$tin- oqen ei duo ei$i topoi, o te en w e$ti
kai en w9 mh e$ti, dedeiktai d en mhdeterw9 touton
dunamenon kinei$qai to kinoumenon, ouk an eih to
kinoumenon-
Toiauth men kai h tou logou paramuqia,
poikilws de kai upo pollwn anteirhtai, wn tas
81 en$ta$eis parakeimenws ekqh$omeqa. kai dh' enioi
men adunaton einai fa$i twn $unteae$tikwn
al' hqwn ontwn yeudh einai ta paratatika toutwn,
ala' alhqh kaqe$tanai, kai yeudwn ontwn ana-
logws yeudh- ou ga'r e$ti ti peras, e$ti kakeino,
kai tou mh ontos ouk an eih ti peras- ei de peras
uphrce tou paratatikou to $untele$tikon, anagkh
ara tou $untele$tikou ontos, o dh peras e$tin,
einai kai to paratatikon ou touto peras e$tin-
82 kai ws ouden e$ti to gegenh$qai $unteae$tikon
mh ontos alhqous tou gine$qai paratatikou, k
on tropon ouden e$ti to efqarqai $unteaeotikc
mh prouparxantos tou fqeire$qai paratatiko
wde adunaton e$ti, mh ontos alhqous tou Kivei
$qai paratatikou, alhqes einai to kekinh-$q
$untele$tikon -
93 pAlloi de fa$i duna$qai ti en w periecet
topw9 kinei$qai- ai gar peri tois knwdo=fi
eiloumenai $fairai kai oi peridinoumenoi axone
kai hdh ta tumpana kai oi kerameutikoi troci
kai alla pamplhqh toutois eoikota $wmat
kineitai men, en w9 de e$ti topw9 kineitai, w$t
yeudos einai en ti tou logou lh-mma, to m
84 kinei$qai ti en w9 e$ti topw9- aaloi de pari
th'n enoian ths kinh$ews hrwth$qai fa$i to
logon- to gar kinoumenon noeitai $un topw9
a'f' ou kineitai kai tw eis on kineitai- dioper ota
legh9 o Diodwros ei kineitai ti, htoi en w9 eM
topw9 kineitai h en w mh e$tin, mocqhron ti ka
para thn ths kinh$ews noh$in legei, paro$on
w9 mh e$tin' alla kat amfoterwn' tou te af o
85 kineitai kai tou eis on- h$an de oi k
a'mfibolian die$tellonto- to gar en topw9 peri
kata platos, ws otan legwmen tina en 'Aexan
dreia einai, eteron de en topw tw9 kat akribeioin
kaqo kamou legoit' an einai topos o peritetupwkw
thn epifaneian mov tou $wmatos ahr, kai amfo-
reus tou en autw periecomenou pro$agoreueta
topos- dicws dh kaloumenou nun tou topou, fa$i
duna$qai to kinoumenon en w e$ti topw9 kinei$qai,
tw kata platos, econti dia$thma kaq' o genhoetai
96 ta ths kinh$ews- tines de kai aperanton elnai
w9'h'qh$an ton tou Diodwrou logon, epeiper arcetai
men apo diezeugmenou, yeudopoiei de touto dia twn
exhs, ekateron twn en autw deiknus yeudos, to te en
w- mh e$ti ti topw9 kinei$qai kai to en w e$tin-
97 Toiautai men ai pros ton logon en$ta$eis,
dokei de Diodwros pros thn prwthn euqus up-
hnthkenai dida$kwn oti endecetai twn $untele$ti-
kwn alhqwn ontwn ta toutwn paratatika yeudh
tugcanein- e$tw gar tina pro eniautou gega-
mhkenai kai eteron met eniauton. oukoun epi
toutwn to men outoi eghman axiwma $untele-
$tikon on alhqes e$tin, to d' " outoi gamou$i
paratatikon kaqe$tws yeudos e$tin- ote goir
outos egamei, oupw outos egamei, kai ote outos
egamei, ouketi outos egamei. tote d' an hn
alhqes ep autwn to outoi gamou$in, ei omo$e
egamoun- dunatai oun tou $untele$tikou aahqous
98 ontos yeudos einai to toutou paratatikon- toiouto
de e$ti kai to " 'Elenh treis e$cen andras"- oute
gar ote Menelaon elcen en Sparth9 andra ouq'
ote Parin en 'Iliw9, ouq ote qanontos toutou
Dhifobw9 egamh'qh, alhqes e$ti to paratatikon
to treis ecei andras," alhqous ontos tou $un-
99 tele$tikou tou treis e$cen andras." $ofizetai
de en toutois o Diodwros, kai par' amfibolian
bouletai hmas planan- to gar outoi eghman
duo $hmainei, en men plhquntikon kai i$on tiu9
outoi $uneghman," oper e$ti yeudos, eteron de
to kata perilhyin enikou pragmatos egkeklimenou
apo tou outos eghmen kai eterou enikou tou
outos eghmen, wn palin enikwn ta paratatikoi
e$tin alhqh, to outos gamei kai to outos
gamei ep amfoterwn gar alhqh gegone tauta.
100 amhcanon oun e$ti twn paratatikwn yeudwn
ontwn alhqh euri$ke$qai ta toutwn $untele$tikoi,
all anagkh $unanairei$qai h $unuparcein ta etera
tois eterois.
Nh Di, all eis thn authn upoqe$in kai eteran
o Diodwros komizetai paramuqian, $afe$terw
101 crwmenos upodeigmati balle$qw gar, fh$i,
$faira eis ton uperkeimenon orofon- oukoun en
tw metaxu ths bolhs cronw9 to men paratatikon
axiwma aptetai h $faira ths orofhs yeudos
e$tin eti gar epiferetai. otan de ayhtai ths
orofhs, ginetai alhqes to $untele$tikon, to
hyato h $faira ths orofhs- endecetai ara
yeudous ontos tou paratatikou alhqes uparceii
to $untele$tikon, kai dia touto mh kinei$qai men
ti paratatikws kekinh$qai de $untele$tikws
102 mhpote de kantauqa planatai- to gar para-
tatikon to aptetai h $faira ths orofhs
inetai alhqes ouc ote feretai en tw metaxu aeri
h $faira, all ote arcetai apte$qai ths o'rofh-s
otan de termati$a$a thn yau$in upono$th$h9, tote
kai to $untele$tikon ginetai alhqes, to hyato
h $faira ths orofhs." atopos oun e$tin o
Diodwros tou men kekinh$qai periecomenos ws
alhqous, tou de kinei$qai afi$tamenos ws yeudous,
deon h- amfoterois $ugkatatiqe$qai h amfoterwn
afi$ta$qai-
103 Oi de fa$kontes duna$qai ti kinei$qai en w e$ti
topw9' kai touto men tas $fairas touto de tous
axonas kai ta tumpana paratiqemenoi, ou luou$i
thn aporian all omoiws egkuliontai auth9. eka-
$ton gar twn toioutwn $wmatwn, kaqws kai anw-
teron upedeiknumen, kaq' olothta men menei en tw-
autw topw9 kata merh de allattei tous topous,
tou men anw antilambanontos ton tou katw topon,
1O4tou de katw ton tou anw- ei de touto menei ta
ths aporias. eka$ton gar twn toioutwn $wmatwn
meros h-'toi en w e$ti topw9 kineitai h en w mh
e$tin- oute de en w9 e$tin, ws pare$th$amen, oute
en w mh e$tin, ws edeixamen- ouk ara kineitai-
105 'All' akolouqws efa$kon tines para th'n ennoian
tou kinoumenou kekomi$qai ton logon- noei$qai gar
to kinoumenon ws duoin ecomenon topwn, tou t' e'x
ou kineitai tou t eis on metercetai- radion de
e$ti kai pros toutous upantwntas legein oti kan
toiauthn einai $umbebh'kh9 thn tou kinoumenou
noh$in, ouden pros to prokeimenon dia to mh' peri
ths noh'$ews tou kinei$qai nun einai thn zhth$in
tois aporhtikois prohgoumenws, alla peri th-s
uparxews, uper hs ouden eirh'ka$in oi th9 toiauth9
106 crh$amenoi en$ta$ei- ou mhn alla kan ton lo'gon
anatreywmen, ouden exou$in eipein pros hmas. otan
gar fa$kw$i to kinoumenon duoin ece$qai topwn,
tou te en w e$ti kai tou eis on feretai, peu$omeq
autwn pote metei$in apo t u e w e o
kinoumenon eis ton eteron; ara ge o e e w
prw'tw9 e$tin h ote en tw deuterw9; all ote men
en tw prwtw9 topw9 e$tin, ou metercetai eis eteron
107 eti gar en tw prwtw9 e$tin- ote de ouk e$tin en
toutw9 all en tw deuterw9, palin ou metercetai
a'lla metelh'luqen h-dh- twn gar amhcanwn e$ti kai
twn anepinohtwn to metelqein ti ex ekeinou tou
topou tou en w mh e$tin. w$te kan toiauthn
ecwmen tou kinoumenou noh$in, menei ouden htton h
a'rchqen aporia-
108 Kai mhn oi legontes dicws kalei$qai ton topon,
e'n platei te kai kat akribeian, dia de touto kai
thn kinh$in en tw9 kata platos nooumenw9 topw
duna$qai $umbainein, ou pros noun upantw$in-
prohgeitai gar tou kata platos nooumenou topou
o kat akribeian, kai adunaton e$tin en tw kata
platos topw9 kinhqhnai ti mh prokinhqen en tw
109 kat akribeian- ws gar outos periektikos e$ti tou
kinoumenou $wmatos, outws o kata platos topos
$un tw kinoumenw9 $wmati kai ton kat akribeian
topon perie$chken- kaqaper oun oudeis dunatai
e'n $tadiaiw9 kinei$qai dia$th'mati mh prokinhqeis
en tw9 phcxaiw9 dia$thmati, wde twn adunatwn
e$tin en tw kata platos topw9 kinei$qai mh kinou-
110 menon en tw kat akribeian- h'rwthke de o Dio-
dwros ton ekkeimenon logon kata ths kinh$ews tou
kat akribeian ecomenos topou- toinun anairou-
me'nhs epi toutou ths kinh$ews ouqeis apoleipetai
logos epi tou kata platos to'pou-
To men gar mocqhron einai ton logon fa$kein dia
to apo diezeugmenouarce qiuyd
111 to diezeugmenon telews e$ti lhrwdes- kat ako-
louqian gar gegone ta ths erwth$ews, kai dunamin
ecei toiauthn " ei kineitai ti kata ton eteron twn
proeirhmenwn tropwn ofeilei kinei$qai- ouci de ue
to deuteron- ouk ara to prwton- ei gar ontos
tou prwtou e$ti to deuteron, tou deuterou mh
ontos oude to prwton e$tai. oper kai kata tas
autwn twn dialektikwn upoqe$eis u'gies e$tin-
112 Tauta men oun pros ta antilegomena tw upo
Diodwrou komi$qenti logw9 anagkaion hn eipein-
komizei de kai allous tinas logous ouc outws
embriqeis alla $ofi$tikwterous, wn th'n ekqe$in
poih$omeqa eis to duna$qai kata tas zhth$eis
eka$ton autwn ekklinein. euqews gar fh$i to
kinoumenon en topw9 e$tin, to de en topw9 on ou
3 kineitai- to ara kinoumenon ou kineitai- ditths de
ou$hs kinh$ews, mias men ths kat epikrateian
deuteras de ths kat eilikrineian, kai kat' epi-
krateian men uparcou$hs ef hs twn pleionwn
kinoumenwn merwn tou $wmatos oliga hremei koit'
eilikrineian de ef' h=s panta kineitai ta tou $w-
matos merh, dokei toutwn twn duoin kinh$ewn h
kat epikrateian prohgei$qai ths kat eilikrineian-
114 ina gar ti eilikrinws kinhqh9, toute$tin olon di'
olou, proteron ofeilei noei$qai kat epikrateian
kinoumenon, on tropon ina tis kat eilikrineian ue
nhtai polios, ofeilei kat epikrateian propepo
liw$qai, kai ina tis kat eilikrineian lhfqh9 $wros
ofeilei kat epikrateian gegonenai $wros kata
ton omoion tropon hgei$qai dei ths kat eili-
gar ths kat epikrateian e$tin h kat eilikrineian.
115 ouci de ge e$ti tis kat epikrateian kinh$is
ws para$th$omen- toinun oud h kat' eilikrineioin
genh'$etai. upokei$qw gar ek triwn amerwn
$une$tws $wma, duoin men kinoumenwn enos de
akinhtisontos- touto gar h kat epikrateian ap-
116 aitei kinh$is- oukoun ei pro$qeihmen tetarton
a'meres akinhtizon toutw9 tw $wmati, palin genh'-
$etai kinh$is. eiper gar to ek triwn amerwn
$ugkeimenon $wma duoin men kinoumenwn enos de
akinhtizontos, kineitai, kai tetartou pro$teqentos
amerous kinh'$etai- i$curotera gar ta tri amerh
meq wn proteron ekineito, tou pro$teqentos enos
a'merous- all' eiper to ek te$$arwn amerwn
$ugkeimenon $wma kineitai k n '$e i o ek
pe'nte- i$curotera gar e$ti ta te$$ar amerh, meq
wn proteron ekineito, tou pro$teqentos amerous.
117 kai ei to ek twn pente $ugkeimenon kineitai,
pantws kai ektou pro$elqontos amerous kinh$etoii,
i$curoterwn ontwn twn pente para to en. kai
outw mecri muriwn amerwn proercxtai o Diodwros,
deiknus oti anupo$tatos e$tin h kat epikrateian
kinh$is- atopon gar, fh$i, to legein kat' e'pi-
krateian kinei$qai $wma ef ou enaki$cllia ena-
ko$ia enenhkonta oktw akinhtizei amerh kai duo
mo'non kineitai. w$te ouden kat epikrateian
kineitai. ei de touto, oude kat eilikrineian, w
epetai to mhden kineioqai-
118 'Alaa gar h' men epiceirh$is toiauth pws e$tin,
fainetai de kai $ofi$tikh kai parakeimenon
ecou$a ton elegcon ama gar th9 tou prwtou
amerous pro$qe$ei oicetai h kat epikrateian
kinh$is, duoin kinoumenwn amerwn duoin de akinh
tizontwn oqen tas men toiautas epiceirh$eis
paraithteon, ekeinois de mali$ta crh$teon tois
119 logois- ei kineitai ti, nun kineitai- ei nun kineitai,
en tw ene$twti cronw9 kineitai- ei de en tw en-
e$twti cronw9 kineitai, en amerei cronw9 ara ki
neitai. ei gar merizetai o ene$tws cronos, pantws
eis ton parw9chkota kai melaonta meri$qh$etai,
120 kai outws ouket e$tai ene$tws. ei d en amerei
cronw9 ti kineitai, ameri$tous topous diercetai- ei
de ameri$tous topous diercetai, ou kineitai- ote
gar e$tin en tw prwtw9 amerei topw9, ou kineitai-
eti gar e$tin en tw prwtw9 amerei topw9 ote de
e$tin en tw deuterw9 amerei topw9, palin ou kineitai
alla kekinhtai. ouk ara kineitai ti
121 Pros toutois pa$a kinh$is triwn tinwn ecetai,
kaqaper $wmatwn te kai topwn kai cronwn, $w-
matwn men twn kinoumenwn, topwn de twn en ois
h kinh$is ginetai, cronwn de twn kaq ous h
122 kinh$is ginetai- htoi oun pantwn toutwn eis
apeirous temnomenwn topous kai cronous kai eis
apeira $wmata ginetai h kinh$is, h pantwn eis
ameres kai elaci$ton kataahgontwn, h tinwn men
eis apeiron temnomenwn tinwn de eis ameres koii
elaci$ton katalhgontwn- ean te de panta eis
apeira temnhtai ean te panta eis ameres katal-M9
aporos o peri ths kinh$ews eureqh'$etai aogos-
123 Taxei de apo ths prwths $ta$ews powmeqa
thn epiceirh$in, kaq hn panta eis apeiron te-
mnetai- kai dh oi proe$twtes auths fa$i to
kinoumenon $wma uf' ena kai ton auton cronon
aqroun meri$ton anuein dia$thm i u o w
tou dia$th'matos <meros]] prwton epilambanein tw
prwtw9 autou merei kai to deuteron th9 taxei
deuteron, all uf' en to olon meri$ton dia$thma
kai aqrows dierce$qai- oper e$tin atopon kai
124 poikilws tois fainomenois macomenon- ei goun epi
twn ai$qhtwn toutwn $wmatwn noh$wmen tina
kata $tadiaiou trocazonta dia$thmatos, pantws
upope$eitai oti ofeilei o toioutos to prwton h'hi-
$tadion anuein prwton kai to deuteron th9 taxei
deuteron- to gar uf en axioun to oaon anuein ton-
125 $tadiou dia$thma telews atopon. kai ei temoimen
to eteron hmi$tadion eis duo tetarthmoria, pantos
prwton dieleu$etai to prwton tetarthmorion- kai
ei eis pleiona temoimen, w$autws. kan kata
pefwti$menou de trocazh9 tou $tadiou, fainetai
ws ouc uf en $kia$ei to $tadion, alla to men ti
126prwton meros to de deuteron to de triton- kai ei
paraqeoi de tw toicw9 memiltwmenh9 th9 ceiri touton
e'faptomenos, ouc uf' ena kai ton auton cronon ton
olon tou $tadiou toicon miltw$ei alla kata taxin,
kai kata to proteron proteron- oper oun o logos
epi twn ai$qhtwn edeixe pragmatwn, touti kai
127 epi twn nohtwn pro$dekteon e$tin hmin- kai
aaaws de ene$ti tauthn anelein thn doxan, pollais
kai poikilais eis touto crwmenous upoqeoeoin- upo-
kei$qw gar phcuaion dia$thma, kai diwri$qw kata
thn me$othta eis duo hmiph'cea- diwri$qw de kai
ta palai$tiaia dia$thmata autou, kai e$tw ta
diorizonta $terea pros to antikoptein kai i$tan
duna$qai to kinoumenon. [[ei oun to kinoumenon]]
uf ena kai ton auton cronon aqroun anuei me-
ri$ton dia$thma, kai ou kata to proteron pro-
teron h kinh$is, kai to kata tou proeirhmenou
dia$thmatos kinoumenon $wma uf' ena cronon upo
tou ta duo hmiphcuaia diorizontos antikoph$etai
128 $wmatos kai upo tou ta palai$tiaia. all ei en
tw autw cronw9 upo toutwn antikoph$etai, e$tai
to auto ama kai kekinhmenon kai mh kekinhmenon h
men gar antekoyen autw to diori$tikon twn h'mi-
phcuaiwn dia$thmatwn, kekinhtai to hmiphcuaion
dia$thma, h de kai to diori$tikon tou palai$tiaiou
a'ntekoyen, palin ou kekinhtai to auto dia$thma.
atopon de ge to auto legein ama kekinh$qai kai mh
kekinh$qai. atopon ara kai to axioun to kinou-
menon aqroun uf en meri$ton anuein dia$thma kai
mh kata to proteron proteron kinei$qai-
129 palin upokei$qw phcuaion dia$thma, kai fere$qo
tina $wmata af' ekaterou twn akrwn i$otacws ws
ai kat Epikouron atomoi- oukoun epei upokeitac
tauta ta $wmata i$otacws kinoumena, pantws
kata thn me$othta tou phcuaiou dia$thmatos
pro$krou$anta allhlois h $th$etai h epi ton
130 oqen hlqe topon antikrou$qh$etai- kai ei men
i$tatai, prodhlon e$tin oti ekateron autwn en
allw9 men cronw9 ekineito to apo tou akrou dia-
$thma acri ths me$othtos, en allw9 de emellei
anuein to apo ths me$othtos ws epi to eteron
akron- ei de antanaballetai ws epi ta tou olon
dia$thmatos akra, palin proupton ws en allw9 men
cro'nw9 dihlqe ta apo twn akrwn dia$thmata ws
e'pi to me$on, en allw9 de antikrou$qenta up-
e$treyen ws epi ta akra- kai outws ouden e$ti to
kinoumenon uf' en aqroun meri$ton dia$thma-
131 Eti kai outws elegkteon e$ti tous panta men
eis apeiron temne$qai legontas, kinei$qai de to
kinoumenon uf en aqroun meri$ton dia$thma pro-
eilhfotas- duoin gar i$otacws kinoumenwn $wma-
twn o$on phcuaion dia$thma, akolouqh'$ei legein
en tw9 autw9 cronw9 mh to auto dia$thma eka-
teron anu'ein, alla to men pleion to de elatton-
132 oper e$ti para thn enargeian. diwri$qw gar to
phcuaion dia$thma tou eterou owmatos kata thn
meoothta, kai to diorizon antikoptetw panti pro$-
piptonti. epei oun en i$w9 cronw9 axiou$in ekate-
ron kinei$qai kan tw autw anuein to te phcuaion
dia$thma kai ta merh toutou kai ouk en allo
men ta merh en allw9 de to olon, pantws en w
cronw9 kineitai to et u w a
olon phcuaion dia$thma, en tw i$w9 kai to leipo-
menon $wma kinh$etai to hmiphcu dia$thma ka
133 a'ntikopen $th$etai- all upekeito ge i$otacws
ekateron autwn kinoumenon- ta ara i$otacws
kinoumena en tw autw cronw9 ani$on kineitai dia-
$thma oper para thn enargeian e$tin toinun ou
kineitai to kinoumenon uf en aqroun meri$ton dia
$thma, alla kata to proteron proteron h kinh$is
of eilei gigne$qai.
134 Eti pros tois eirhmenois to en i$w9 cronw9
kinoumenon pleon dia$thma tou en tw autw9 cronw9
elatton dia$thma kinoumenou tacuteron e$tin
oion ean en wriaiw9 dia$thmati kaq upoqe$in twn
kinoumenwn to men eiko$i $tadious anuh9 to de deka
monon, lecqh$etai $umfwnws kata pantasi taxu
teron men einai to tous eiko$i $tadious anuon,
135 braduteron de to tous deka- alla touto ge to
fainomenon kai enarges einai dokoun anaireitai
o$on epi th9 ekkeimenh9 upoqe$ei kai ginetai yeudos
e$tai gar [[to]] en tw autw cronw9 kinoumenon kai
tacuteron kai braduteron oper hn apemfainon e
gar ouk en allw9 men cronw9 to olon kineitai phcuaion
dia$thma en allw9 de ta tou phcuaiou dia$thmatos
merh, all en eni kai tw autw to te olon dia$thma
diercetai kai ta tou olou merh, e$tai to auto en
136 tw autw cronw9 kai braduteron kai tacuteron h
men gar phcuaion en toutw9 dia$thma anuei, e$ta
tacuteron, h d' en tw autw hmiphcuaion, e$tai
draduteron- telews de e$tin atopon en tw auto
cro'nw9 aegein ti kai tacuteron elnai kai braduteron-
toinun ouk aqroun meri$ton dia$thma kineitai to
kinoumenon, alla kata to proteron proteron-
137 Ikanws d an elegcointo oi tauths proe$twtes
ths doxhs kai dia ths lecqh$omenhs upoqe$ews-
e$tw gar ti daktuaiaion dia$thma, dih9rh'$qw de;
touto kata thn me$othta eis duo h'midaktuliaia
dia$th'mata, kai e$tw to diorizon fu$in econ
antikoptikhn kai apoball' ein dunamenhn to pro$-
pipton, kinei$qw te $wma ti kata tou toioutou
dia$thmatos- fhmi dh oti kata tauthn th'n upo' -
qe$in, epei to kinoumenon en tw autw cronw9 to te
olon anuei dia$thma kai ta tou olou merh, deh$ei
to auto en tw autw cronw9 eaqein te kai apelqein-
138 o e$ti twn adunatwn- ei gar en eni kai tw autw-
cronw9 anuei to te olon daktuaiaion dia$thma kai
ta merh autou, daktuliaion d e$ti dia$thma to te
apo tou akrou mecri ths me$othtos kai to apo
tauths mecri tou akrou, en tw9 autw9 cronw9 koii
a'neleu$etai to kinoumenon kai pro$krou$an tw
diorizonti kateleu$etai- para th'n enargeian de
e$ti to en tw autw cronw elqein te kai apelqein-
para thn enargeian ara kai to outw gine$qai thn
kinh$in, w$per kai to en tw autw cronw9 legein kai
ekteine$qai thn ceira kai $u$teaae$qai kai ouk en
allw9 men ekteine$qai en allw9 de $u$telle$qai.
139 w$te to men kat' aqroun dia$thma gine$qai thn
kinh$in outws e$tin aporon tois proeirhmenois
andra$in- poaaw9 de toutou aporwteron to mh kat,
aqroun gine$qai meri$ton dia$thma, alla kata to
proteron proteron kai kata to deuteron deu'teron-
ei gar outw ginetai h kinh$is, pantwn eis apeiron
temnomenwn twn te $wmatwn kai topwn kai cronon
140 ouk e$tai tis arch kinh$ews- ina gar ti kinhqh9
phcuaion dia$thma, ofeilei to prwton hmiphcu
dierce$qai prwton kai to deuteron th9 taxei deu'-
teron. all' ina kai to prwton anu$h9 hmiphcu
dia$thma, ofeiaei to prwton tetarthmorion tou-
phcuaiou dia$th'matos dielqein, eita tote to deu-
teron- alla kan eis pente diaireqh9 [[to prwton
pempthmorion]], kan eis ex, to prwton ekthmorion-
141 pantos oun tou prwtou merous allo prwton econtos
me'ros dia th'n eis apeiron tomh'n, anagkh mhdepote
archn gine$qai kinh$ews dia to anekleipta einai toi
me'rh tou dia$thmatos kai ta tou $wmatos, kai pan
to ek toutwn aambanomenon ecein aaaa me'rh-
142 Pros men oun tous eis apeiron temne$qai ae-
gontas ta te $wmata kai tous topous kai tous
cro'nous (outoi de ei$in oi apo ths $toas) tauq
hrmoze legein- oi de panta eis amerh katalhgein
upeilhfotes, ws oi peri ton Epikouron, neanikw-
terais mallon enecontai tais aporiais, kai prwton
143 oti ouk e$tai kinh$is, ws o Diodwros edida$ke twn
amerwn ecomenos topwn kai $wmatwn. to gar en
tw prwtw9 amerei topw9 periecomenon ameres $wma
ou kineitai perieiceto gar en tw9 amerei topw9 kai
ekpeplhrwkei touton- kai palin, to en tw9 deuterw
u'pokeimenon ou kineitai- kekinhtai gar hdh- ei de
mhte en tw9 prwtw9 to kinoumenon kineitai ef o$on
e'$tin en tw prwtw9, mht en tw deuterw9, para de
tauta tritos ouk epinoeitai topos, ou kineitai to
144 legomenon kinei$qai- pare$ti de kai cwris
ths toiauths aporias ex upoqe$ews diaballein thn
$ta$in twn kat Epikouron- e$tw gar diaothma
ex ennea [te] $ugkeimenon amerwn topwn $toichdon
tetagmenwn, kai kinei$qw kata toutoui dh ton
dia$thmatos duo amerh $wmata af ekaterou twn
145 akrwn, kinei$qw de i$otacws oukoun epei h
kinh$is e$tin i$otachs, deh$ei ekateron twn
toioutwn $wmatwn ana te$$aras amereis dierce
$qai topous. fqa$anta de epi ton pempton topon,
os e$ti me$os twn te$oarwn kai twn te$$arwn, h
$th$etai h to eteron autwn prokatatach$ei, w$te
touto men pente dielqein amereis topous to de
leipomenon te$$aras monon, h oute $th$etai oute
to eteron prokatatach$ei, $undramonta de uf
en amfotera ex hmi$eias diakaqexe ton pempton
146 amerh topon to men oun amfotera $thnai panu
e$tin apiqanon topou gar [ouc] upokeimenou kai
mhdenos pros thn kinh$in antikoptontos ou $th
$etai to de prokatatacein tou eterou to eteron
para thn upoqe$in upekeito gar i$otacws eka
147 teron autwn kinoumenon leipetai ara legein oti
eis to auto $undramonta amfotera efexei tas
hmi$eias tou leipomenou topou. ei de epecei
touto men thn kaq auto hmi$eian ekeino de thn
kaq auto, ouk e$tai amerhs o topos all eis duo
hmi$eias meri$tos outw$i de kai ta $wmata
merei gar autwn to tou topou meros epilamba
148 nonta ouk e$tai amerh ei de kai i t opoi
meri$toi kai ta $wmata ouk amerh, anagkh kai
ton cronon mh einai amerh kai elaci$ton ou uoir
en i$w Cronw diercetai ton amerh topon to ameres
$wma kai to tou amerous topou meros, all en
allw9 men ton olon amerh topon, en elaci$tw9 de to
149 toutou meros. palin e$tw ti kanonion ken-
trois kata to eteron meros dieilhmmenon, kai touto
periage$qw apo tou eterou twn akrwn kata tinos
epipedou en eni kai tw9 autw cronw9- kai dh
tou akrou periagomenou kukaoi katagrafh'$ontai
megeqei diaferontes allh'lwn, kai o men exwtatw
kai pantwn perilhptikos megi$tos, o d' endotatw
bracutatos, kai oi metaxu toutwn analogoi, htoi
meizous kai meizous apo tou kentrou epiontwn
hmwn h ela$$ous kai ela$$ous apo ths ektos
150 perifereias upobainontwn- epei oun eis e$tin o
ths periagwghs cronos (e$tw de amerh's outos),
zhtw pws enos kai tou autou cronou kaqe$twtos
kaq on gegone ta ths katagrafhs, mias de ouohs
kai ths kinh$ews, diaferontes gegona$in allh'lwn
oi kukloi, kai oi men megaloi oi de mikran econtes
151 thn perimetron- oude gar ene$ti legein oti twn
amerwn cronwn diafora tis e$ti para to megeqos
kai dia touto twn kuklwn oi men en meizo$in a-
mere$i katagrafentes cronois ei$i meizous, oi de en
e'la$$o$i mikroteroi. ei gar eteros eterou meizwn
e$tin amerhs cronos, ouk e$tin amerh's o cronos
oude elaci$tos, kai to kinoumenon ou pantws en
152 amerei cronw9 kineitai- pros toutois oude ekeino
e$ti fanai, oti eis men e$tin amerhs cronos kaq'
on apantes katagrafontai oi kukloi, ta de merh
tou periagomenou kanonos ouk e$tin i$otach alla
ta men tacuteron periagetai ta de braduteron, kai
u'po men twn tacuteron periagomenwn oi meizous
$uni$tantai kukloi upo de twn braduteron oi
153 mikroteroi- ei de tw onti ta men qatton kineita
merh ta de bradion, ecrhn h dia$paoqai to ka=
tinwn men autou merwn prokatatacountwn tinwn de
u$terountwn- oute de dia$patai oute kamptetai-
toinun aporos e$tin h kinh$is tois panta legou$in
154 eis amerh katalh'gein. kaqolou te, ei panta
amerh e$tin, o te cronos en w9 ginetai h kinh$is
kai to $wma oper kineitai, o te topos en w ta
ths kinh$ews $unteleitai, panta kat' anagkhn ta
kinoumena i$otacws kinh$etai, w$te ton hlion th9
celwnh9 gine$qai i$otach- kai gar autos kai auth
en amerei cronw9 ameres anuei dia$thma- atopon
de ge panta ta kinoumena i$otacws legein kinei$qai
ara to pantwn eis ameres katalhgontwn axioun
gine$qai thn kinh$in-
155 Leipetai toinun $kopein ei dunatai kinei$qai ti
tinwn men eis apeiron temnomenwn tinwn de eis
a'meres kataahgontwn- kai dh' outws hnecqh$an
oi peri ton Stratwna ton fu$ikon- tous men gar
cro'nous eis ameres upelabon katalh'gein, ta de
$wmata kai tous topous eis apeiron temne$qai,
kinei$qai te to kinoumenon en amerei cronw9 olon
aqroun meri$ton dia$thma kai ou kata to proteron
156 proteron- oukoun kai thn toutwn $ta$in [[einai]]
adunaton e$tai dida$kein pantws prodhloteron
e'comenous upodeigmatwn- upokei$qw gar tetra-
daktuliaion dia$thma, kai anuetw touto to kinou-
menon $wma en du$in amere$i cronois, w$te to
eteron didaktuliaion en eni amerei cronw9 dierce-
$qai kai to aeipomenon palin en eni- toiauths de
ou$hs upoqe$ews afairei$qw tou to$outou dia$th-
matos daktuliaion dia$thma, W$te to peril ipo
157 menon dia$thma tridaktuliaion gine$qai. all' ei to
oaon tetradaktuliaion dia$thma en duoin amere$i
cro'nois to kinoumenon $wma dihrceto, pantws
to tridaktuliaion anu$ei en eni amerei cronw9 kai9
h'mi$ei, en eni men to didaktuliaion dia$thma, en
hmi$ei de to leipomenon daktuliaion- kai outws
ei e$ti tou amerous cronou hmi$ei leipomenos ame-
rhs cronos, ouk e$ti tis amerhs cronos, alla kai
158 outos eis merh tetmhtai. o d' autos logos ei
pempton daktuaon pro$qwmen tw tetradaktuliaiw
dia$thmati- pws gar touto kinh$etai to kinou-
menon ; ara ge en amerei cronw9 ; all epei kai to
diploun en amerei cronw9 dih'nuen, e$tai to en tw
autw9 cronw9 kinoumenon tacu te ama kai bradu',
h9 m n didaktuliaion en amerei cronw9 anuei, tacu,
h- d en tw- i$w9 daktuliaion diercetai, bradu. ei
de en elattoni amerous cronou anuei ton pempton
daktulon' meri$tos e$tin o amerhs cronos- oper ou
qelou$in.
159 Kai mhn ei en amerei cronw9 to kinoumenon u'f
en aqroun meri$ton anuei dia$thma $th$etai ti
anaitiws, ws para$th$omen- ouci de ge i$tatai ti
anaitiws- ouk ara kata touton ton tropon ginetai
160 h kinh$is- e$tw gar orqion ti dia$thma, oion
dekaphcu, kai baru ti $wma, oionei molibh $faira'
en eni elaci$tw9 cronw9 anuetw oaon touto to
dia$thma anwqen katw- alla kai pro$tiqe$qw
toutw9 tw dia$thmati allo phcuaion dia$thma
w$te oaon gine$qai endekaphcu, afie$qw te palin
161 apo tou akrou h $faira- oukoun fqa$a$a epi to
peras men tou dekatou phcews archn de tou
endekatou h $th$etai h kai touton dieleu$etai,
fhmi de ton endekaton phcun. alla to men $thnai
atopon- baru gar outw $wma kai di' aeros fero-
menon kai mhdenos antikoptontos, ei $th$etai,
162 pantws anaitiws $th$etai, oper hn atopon- ei de
kinh'$etai, epei to olon dekaphcu dia$thma en eni
amerei diercetai cronw9, to leipomenon phcuaion
dia$thma ths auths ou$hs kinh$ews en dekatw9
merei tou amerous cronou dieleu$etai, w$te ton
amerh cronon pros tw mh einai amerh eti kai eis
deka merh tetmh$qai:
163 Kai mhn ei to kinoumenon en eni amerei cronw9
olon anuei meri$ton dia$thma, ex anagkhs en eni
kai tw autw cronw9 en pa$i genh$etai tois tou
dia$thmatos mere$in- ei de en eni kai tw autw
' ' ' d '
cronw9 en pa$i genh$etai tois tou dia$thmatos
me're$in, ouk e$tai kekinhmenon to dia$thma alla
164 epe$chkos- oper atopon- ou toinun en eni kai
a'merei cronw9 kineitai to kinoumenon meri$ton dia-
$thma, epei e$tai to auto en tw autw cronw
ti$ton- upokei$qw gar diphcuaion dia$thma, kai
toutou o men eteros phcus pepuraktw$qw o d,
165 eteros eyucqw. ei dh9 to kinoumenon en eni kai tw
autw- amerei cronw9 to olon touto epiaambane-i
dia$thma, ote men kata tou pepuraktwmenou ph-
cews e$tin, e$tai pepuraktwmenon, ote de kata
tou eyugmenou, eyugmenon. ginetai de kata ton
auton cronon en te tw pepuraktwmenw9 kai tw
eyugmenw9- to auto ara kata ton auton cronon
e$tai ama qermon te kai yucron- o twn adunaton
166 uphrcen- ou mhn alla kai kata thn authn efodon
e$tai dida$kein oti uf' e  tauto e$tai kai pefw-
ti$menon kai afwti$ton- o kai auto para thn
e'nargeian-
Pros toutois deh$ei en tw autw9 cronw9, oph-
likon an tis upoqhtai dia$thma, kekinh$qai legein
167 to kinoumenon- oion e$tw tetradaktuliaion dia'-
$thma, kai dih9rh'$qw eis oktw merh, eu$hmou te
carin dida$kalias to men prwton autou meros
kalei$qw A, to de deuteron B, to de triton T, kai
kata ta exhs omoiws. ei dh9 to kinoumenon en eni
kai tw9 autw9 cronw9 meri$ton anuei dia$thma, en w9
cronw9 kineitai to AB dia$thma, en tw9 autw dunh'-
$etai kinei$qai to BT dia$thma- aaa' ei [[touto,]]
en tw9 autw kinh$etai kai to TD, kai outw mexris
apeirou, w$te en eni kai amerei cronw9 kinh$etai to
olon ths ghs dia$thma-
168 Ei oun mh'te eis apeiron ou$hs ths tomhs mh'te
eis ameres ths katalhxews, mhte tinwn men eis
apeiron temnomenwn tinwn de eis ameres kata-
lhgontwn, $wzetai he kinh$is, r'hteon mhden einai
kinh$in- ois epetai h epoxh dia te thn ths enar-
geias kai dia thn twn antikeimenwn auth9- aogwn
i$o$qeneian -
menhs, $wmatos te tou kinoumenou kai topou tou-
e'n w kineitai kai cronou kaq on h kinh$is $un-
teleitai, epei to te $wma kai ton topon hporh'-
$amen, peira$omeqa kai peri cronou zhtein- taca
gar kai peri toutou o logos aporos faneitai tois
te aiwnion upotiqemenois einai ton ko$mon fu$ikois
kai tois apo tinos cronou legou$in auton $une$toi-
$qai. kai dh' tines fa$i cronon einai dia$thma
ths tou ko$mou kinh$ews," oi de authn thn tou
ko$mou kinh$in- oute de kata tous prwtous oute
kata tous deuterous ginetai tis cronos. eiper goir
to dia$thma ths kinh$ews kai h kinh$is ouden
e$ti para to kinoumenon, o cronos ths ko$mikhs
kinh'$eos dia$thma kaqe$tws h idiaiteron ko$mikh
kinh$is ouden e$tai para ton kinoumenon ko$mon,
a'lla ko$mos pws ecwn genh$etai o cronos- oper
171 e$tin atopon- kai allws, thn men kinh$in tou-
ko$mou endecetai noein kata tina cronon mh ou$an,
w$t ouk an eih h tou ko$mou kinh$is [[o]] cronos.
172 kai allws, pa$a kinh$is en cronw9 ginetai,
dio kai h tou ko$mou kinh$is en cronw9 genh$etai.
o de cronos en cronw9 ou ginetai- htoi gar en autw
genh$etai h en allw9 ws allos, oute de en autw-
genoit' an (e$tai gar o autos kai eis kai duo) oute
eteros en eterw9 dia to mhte tina twn ene$twton
gine$qai en tw mh ene$twti mhte tina twn mh
ene$twtwn en tw ene$twti. toinun oude dia touto
173 rhteon ko$mou kinh$in einai ton cronon- palin
w$per h kinh$is en cronw9 ginetai' outw kai h
monh- all on tropon oudeis legei thn monhn einai
cronon, outws oude thn tou ko$mou kinh$in deontios
cro'non apofainetai- h te tou ko$mou kinh$is
dia pantos e$tin h' auth', o de cronos ou dia pantos
e'$tin o autos, all ote men o autos legetai ote de
ani$os, kai ote ani$os, ote men pleiwn ote de
e'lattwn- eteron ara e$tin h tou ko$mou kinh$is
174 kai eteron o cronos- oi ge mhn thn tou ko$mou
kinh$in anelontes thn de ghn kinei$qai doxa$antes,
ws oi peri 'Ari$tarcon ton maqhmatikon, ou
kwluontai noein cronon- toinun eteron einai le-
kteon ton cronon kai ou tauton th9 tou ko$mou
175 kinh$ei- oi te en katageiois ti$i kai alampe$i
$phaaiois bioteuontes kai oi ek geneths phroi ths
men tou ko$mou kinh$ews ennoian ouk ecou$in,
kaqi$antes de kai ana$tantes kai peripath$antes
ennoian cronou lambanou$i tou en w ta tria tauta
enh'rgh$an, kai pleionos men tou en w ta trioi
e'la$$onos de tou en w ta duo, elaci$tou de tou en
w9 to en. ei de dunaton noh$ai cronon mh noountas
thn ouranion periforan, eteron e$tin auth kai
eteron o cronos-
176 'Ari$totelhs de cronon efa$ken einai ariqmon
tou en kinh$ei prwtou kai u$terou- ei de tout-o
e$tin o cronos, $ummnhmoneu$is tis tou en kinh$ei
prwtou kai u$terou, to hremoun kai akinhtizon ouk
e$tai en cronw9- h eiper e$tin en cronw to akinh-
tizon, o de cronos e$tin ariqmos tou en kinh$ei
prwtou kai u$terou, e$tai to en cronw9 hremoun
177 kai kinoumenon- oper adunaton- dioper Stratwn o
fu$ikos apo$tas th$de ths ennoias elege cronon
uparcein metron pa$hs kinh$ews kai monhs. par-
hkei gar pa$i tois kinoumenois, ote kineitai, kai
pa$i tois akinhtois, ote akinhtizei kai dia touto
178 panta ta ginomena en cronw9 ginetai. mh'pote de
pampolla e$ti kai ta toutw9 macomena- autarkes
de nun ekeino legein oti to metroun thn kinh$in h
thn monhn en cronw9 ginetai [kai ouk e$ti cronos]-.
ei de touto, ouk an eih to metroun thn kinh$in kai
th'n monhn [[o> cronos- en cronw9 gar ou ginetoii
179 cronos- allws te, ei dia touto metron ths
kinh$ews kai ths monhs e$tin o cronos epei anti-
parhkei th9 te kinh$ei ef o$on e$ti kinh$is kai
th9 monh9 ef o$on e$ti monh, epei palin h kinh$is
kai h' monh antiparhkei tw cronw9, ou mallon e$tai
180 kinh$is kai h monh metron tou cronou. kai touto
taca beltion hn eipein- o men gar cronos du$qew' -
rhton ti e$tin, h de kinh$is kai h monh eu$unopton,
lhfqeih d an ouk ek tou du$qewrhtou to euqew-
rhton all anapalin.
181 Dokei de kai eis tous peri 'Epikouron koii
Dhmokriton fu$ikous toiauth tis anafere$qai
tou cronou noh$is- cronos e$tin h'meroeides kai
nuktoeides fanta$ma, kaq' hn palin aporos e$tin
h [peri] tou cronou fu$is. ei gar anupo$tatos
deiknutai h h'mera kai h' nux akolouqei kai to
h'meroeides fanta$ma [mh einai cronon h] anutto -
182 $taton uparcein- hmera gar h kai idiaiteron
nooumenh kai dwdekawros, toute$tin h' apo ana -
tolhs mecri du$ews, $keyamenois hmin anupo$tatos
fainetai- ote gar h prwth ufe$thken wra, oupw
ai endeka ufe$ta$in- twn de ge pleionwn wrwn mh'
183 ou$wn ouk an eih h'mera. kai palin ote h deutera
ene$thken wra, h men prwth ouket e$tin, ai de
leipomenai deka oupw ei$in, dio twn pleionwn mh
ou$wn wrwn oud outws e$tai h' h'mera- pantote
oun mias wras ufe$tw$hs, ths de h'meras mias
184 wras mh ou$hs, ouk an eih tis hmera- kai mhn
oude h' mia wra ufe$thken- kata platos gar
noeitai, ek pleionwn te kai auth $une$thke moirwn,
wn ai men oudepw ei$in ai de ouketi, w$te kai to
$unqeton ex autwn anupo$taton gine$qai- ei de
mhte wra tis e$ti mhte hmera m
logon nux, oude cronos e$tai hmeroeides h- nuktero-
185 eides fanta$ma- kai mhn h'mera legetai
dicws, kaq' ena men tropon h ek twn dwdeka
wrwn $une$tw$a, kaq' eteron de o pefwti$menos
ex h'liou ah'r- htoi oun ths ek twn wrwn $un-
e$tw$hs h'meras fanta$ma einai legou$in oi peri
ton 'Epikouron ton cronon, h ths ws pefwti-
186 $menou aeros ex hliou- alla ths men ek twn wrwn
$une$tw$hs hmeras ouk an eipaien fanta$ma einai
ton cronon- auth gar auth h' h'mera cronos e$ti,
187 fhmi de thn dwdekawron, dioper ei to fanta$ma
tauths cronos einai noeitai, e$tai o cronos tou-
cro'nou fanta$ma- oper hn apemfainon- toinun ou
lekteon to ths dwdekawrou hmeras fanta$ma cro'-
non uparcein. kai mhn oude to ths ws pefwti-
$menou aeros hmeras fanta$ma- auth gar en cronw
ginetai, kai dia touto ei cronos e$ti to tauths ths
h'meras hmeteron fanta$ma, en tw9 hmeterw9 fan-
ta$mati genh$etai h toiauth hmera- o pollw tou
188 prwtou ceiron e$tin- fqarentos te tou ko$mou
kata Epikouron oute hmera e$tin oute nux, dia de
touto oute hmerh$ion oute nukterh$ion fanta$ma-
atopon d' hn fqarentos tou ko$mou legein mh einai
cronon- kai gar to pote [kai to] efqarqai kai to'
fqeir $qai cronwn e$tin emfatika- ei de touto,
eteron men e$tin o cronos, diaforon de to h'merh'$ion
h nukterh$ion fanta$ma-
'Ek men oun ths epinoias outws h' tou cronou
189 uparxis hporh$qw- pare$ti de kai prohgoumenw9
logw9 to prokeimenon kata$keuazein- eipcr gar
e$ti xronos, htoi pepera$tai h apeiros e$tin- oute
de pepera$tai, ws para$th$omen, oute apeiros
e$tin, ws didaxomen- ouk ara e$ti ti cronos- ei
gar pepera$tai o cronos hn pote cronos ote o
cronos ouk hn kai e$tai pote cronos ote ouk e$tai
cronos- atopon de ge h to gegonenai pote cronon
ote o cronos ouk hn, h to e$e$qai pote cronon ote
cronos ouk e$tai- kai gar to pote gegonenai kai
to e$e$qai, kaqws proeipon, diaferontwn cronwn
e$tin emfatika. ou toinun pepera$tai o cronos-
190 kai mh'n oude apeiros e$tin- e$ti gar [ti]
autou to men ti parw9chmenon to de mellon- m'toi
oun ekateros toutwn twn cronwn e$tin h ouk e$tin9
kai ei men ouk e$tin, autoqen pepera$tai o cronos,
kai ei pepera$tai, menei to archqen aporon, to
gegonenai pote cronon ote cronos ouk hn kai to
191 e$e$qai pote cronon ote cronos ouk e$tai- ei de
e$tin ekateros, fhmi de o te parw9chmenos kai
o mellwn cronos, en tw paronti e$tai- en tw
paronti de uparcwn, en tw ene$twti genh$etai
cronw- o te parwchmenos kai o mellwn. atopon
de ton parw9chmenon kai ton mellonta legein kata
ton ene$twta cronon noei$qai- toinun oud apeiros
e$tin o cronos. ei de mh'te pepera$menos noeitai
192 mht apeiros, oud olws e$tai- to te mhn e'x
anuparktwn $une$tws anuparkton e$tai, o de ge
cronos ex anuparktwn axioutai $une$tanai to u-
parw9chmenou mhket ontos kai tou mellontos
mhpw ontos- anuparktos ara e$tin o cronos.
193 Pros toutois, ei e$ti ti cronos, htoi ameri$tos
e$tin h meri$tos- oute de ameri$tos einai dunatoi
kaqws upomnh$omen, oute meri$tos, ws kata$th-
$omeqa- ouk ara e$ti tis cronos- amerhs men oun
ou dunatai tugcanein o cronos, epei diaireitai eis te
ton parw9chmenon kai ton ene$twta kai eis ton mel-
194 lonta- meri$tos de ouk an uparcoi dia to pan to
meri$ton upo tinos autou merous katametrei$qai
oion o men phcus upo palai$tou katametreitai,
kai e$ti tou phcews meros o palai$th's, upo
de tou daktulou o palai$th's, kai e$ti meros tou
palai$tou o daktuaos- toinun ei kai o cronos
meri$tos e$tin, ofeilei pros tinos autou merous
195 katametrei$qai- oute de upo tou ene$twtos en-
decetai tous allous cronous katametrei$qai- ei gar
o ene$tws cronos katametrei ton parw9chmenon,
e$tai o ene$tws cronos kata ton parw9chmenon,
ginomenos de kata ton parw9chmenon ouketi e$tai
ene$tws alla parw9chmenos- kai ei ton mellonta
katametrei o ene$tws, kat auton ginomenos mel-
lwn e$tai all' ouci ene$tws. oqen oude tois
allois cronois endecetai katametrein ton ene$twta-
e'kateros gar autwn kata touton genomenos en-
e$tws e$tai kai oute parw9chmenos oute mellwn-
196 all' ei pantws meri$ton h ameri$ton dei noein ton
cronon, edeixamen de hmeis oti oute meri$tos e$tin
oute ameri$tos, lekteon mhden einai ton cronon-
197 Sun toutois o cronos trimerhs e$tin- to men gar
ti hn autou parwchmenon, to d' ene$tws, to de
mellon. toutwn de to men parw9chmenon ouket
e$tin, to de mellon oupw e$tin. leipetai de en
einai meros ene$thkos. htoi oun o ene$thkws
cro'nos amerh's e$tin h meri$tos- oute de amerhs
einai dunatai- en amerei gar cronw9 ouden pefuke
gine$qai meri$ton, ws fh$i Timwn, oion to gine-
$qai kai to fqeire$qai kai pan o toutois eoiken-
198 ei d' amerh's e$tin, oute archn exei, h $unaptei tw
parw9chmenw9, oute peras, w $unaptei tw- mel-
lonti- to gar archn econ kai peras ouk ameri$ton
e$tin- ei de mhte archn ecei mhte peras, oude
me'$on ecei- kata gar thn ws [[pros]] tauta $um-
blh$in noeitai to me$on. mhte de arch'n ecwn mhte
199 peras mhte me$on oud' olws e$tai. ei de meri$tos
e$tin o ene$tws cronos, htoi eis tous ontas cronous
merizetai h eis tous mh ontas. kai ei men eis tous
mh ontas cronous merizoito, ouket e$tai cronos-
to gar eis tous mh ontas cronous merizomenon ouk
an eih cronos- ei de eis tous ontas cronous meri
zetai, ouketi e$tai olos ene$tws, alla ti men
autou parw9chmenon ti de mellon. dia de touto
ouketi e$tai olos [ene$tws kai] upa'rcwn, tou men
200 mhketi ontos autou tou de mhpw ontos- aal ei
triwn ontwn, parw9chmenou kai mellontos kai
ene$twtos, dedeiktai toutwn mhdeis uparcwn, ouk
an eih tis cronos-
Oi de legontes ton ene$twta cronon peras men
einai tou parw9chmenou arch'n de tou mellontos, ek
duoin anuparktwn cronwn ena poiountes, ouc ena
monon alla kai panta cronon anuparkton poiou$in .
201 allws te, ei peras e$ti tou parw9chmenou
o ene$tws cronos, to de peras tou parwchmenou
$umparwchke tw ou e$ti peras, ouketi e$tai o
ene$tws cronos, eiper peras e$ti tou parwch
202 menou- kai palin, ei arch tou mellontos e$tin
o ene$tw's cronos, h' de arch tou mellontos oupo
e$tin, o ene$tws cronos oupw upo$th$etai, kai
outw ta enantiwtata toutw9 $umbh$etai- kaqo men
gar ene$tws e$tin, uparxei, kaqo de $umparwchke
tw9 parwchmenw9, ouketi e$tai, kaqo de tw mel-
lonti $une$tin, oupw e$tai- atopon de ton auton
cronon noein kai onta kai mh onta kai mhket' onta
kai mh'pw onta- toinun oude tauth9 rhteon einai
tina cronon-
203 'Epakteon de kai outws- ei e$ti ti o cronos,
htoi afqartos e$ti kai agenhtos h fqartos kai9
genhtos- oute de afqartos e$ti kai agenhtos, ws
deicqh$etai, oute fqartos kai genhtos, ws kai
touto para$taqh$etai- ouk ara e$ti ti cronos.
afqartos men oun kai agenhtos ouk e$tin ei ge
to men ti autou parwchke to de ene$thke to de





















204 mellei- kai gar hmera h men cqes ouketi e$tin, h
de $hmeron e$tin, h de aurion oupw gegonen- oqen
kai tou cronou to men ouket e$tin, w$per to
parw9chmenon, to de e$tin, ws to ene$thkos, to de
oupw e$tin, kaqaper to mellon- dia de touto oute
agenhtos oute afqartos genh$etai o cronos-
205 ei de fqartos e$ti kai genhtos, aporon to eis ti
fqarh$etai kai ek tinos e$tai- oute gar o mellwn
e$tin hdh, oute o parw9chmenos eti e$tin- ek de
twn mh ontwn pws dunatai ti [[gine$qai, h eis ta mh
onta pws dunatai ti]] fqeire$qai ; ouden oun e$ti
cronos-
Epiceirhteon de kai outws- ei e$ti ti cronoS
h oi genhtos e$tin h agenhtos h tis men genhtos tis
de agenhtos- oute de genhtos dunatai einai o
cronos oute agenhtos oute tis men genhtos tis de
207 agenhtos- ouk ara e$ti ti cronos- ei men gar
genhtos eih, epei pan to gennwmenon en cronw9 gi-
netai, kai o cronos gennwmenos en cronw9 e$tai
gennwmenos- htoi oun [o] autos e$tai en autw gen-
nwmenos h eteros en eterw9- kai ei men [o] autos
en eautw gennatai, e$tai ti gegonos prin gegonenai-
208 oper atopon- epei gar to en w9 ti ginetai ofeilei
prouparcein tou en autw9 gennwmenou, deh$ei kai
ton cronon en eautw gennwmenon eantou pro
gegenh$qai- oion en erga$thriw9 dhmiourleitai
andrias, alla proupokeitai tou andriantos to
erga$th'rion, kai en topw9 tini $uni$tatai naus,
alla kai proufe$thke ths news o topos- toinun ei
kai o cronos en eautw ginetai, prouparxei eautou-
kai outws h men ginetai, oupw e$tai, epei pan
to ginomenon, ote ginetai, oupw e$tin, h de en
209 eautw ginetai, ofeilei prouparcein- e$tai oun ama
h de en eautw ginetai, e$tai- atopon de to auto
kata thn authn epibolhn einai te kai mh einai-
atopon ara kai to en autw legein gine$qai ton
210 cro'non- kai mhn oude eteros en eterw9 ginetai
cronos, oion o mellwn en tw ene$twti kai o ene$tws
en tw parw9chmenw9- ei gar eteros en eterw9 gi-
netai cronos, ex anagkhs eka$tos twn cronwn
apoleipwn thn idian qe$in thn eterou epilh'yetai
taxin- oion ei o mellwn cronos ginetai en tw
ene$twti cronw9, o mellwn kata ton ene$twta
ginomenos e$tai ene$tws all ou mellwn- kai ei o
ene$tws en tw9 parw9chmenw9 ginetai, pantws kata
ton parw9chmenon ginomenos ouk e$tai ene$tws
211 alla parw9chmenos- o d autos logos kan ana-
$treywmen, ton men parw9chmenon poiountes en tw9
ene$twti ginomenon, ton de ene$twta en tw- me'l-
lonti- ai gar autai palin akolouqou$in aporiai.
ei oun oute en autw ginetai cronos ouq' ws
eteros en eterw9, ouk e$ti genhtos o cronos. ei de
mhte agenhtos e$ti mhte genhtos, para de tauto
triton epinoein amhcanon, lekteon mhden uparcein
212 ton cronon- oti gar kai agenhtos ou dunatai
einai, $fo'dra euparamuqhton- ei gar agenhtos
e$ti kai oute gegonen oute genh$etai, eis e$tai
honos o ene$tws cronos, kai oute o melawn eti
me'lawn, oude ta en autw pragmata, oute o par-
w9chkws eti parw9chkws, oude ta en autw prat-
tomena- ouci de ge touto- toinun oude agenhtos
213 e$tin o cronos- kai mh'n oude tis men genhtos
tis de agenhtos, epei epi$unteqh$ontai ai aporiai.
o te gar genhtos h en eautw gine$qai ofeilei h en
eterw9- all' ean men en eautw genhtai, prouparxei
eautou, ean de en eterw9, ouketi ekeinos o cronos
e$tai, alla kaq' on ginetai apoaeipwn thn idian
214 taxin- o d' autos logos kai epi tou agenh'ton-
ei gar agenhtos e$tin, oute o mealwn pote e$tai
cronos oute o parw9chkws, ala' eis monos o en-
e$thkws- atopa de tauta- leipetai ara legein,
mhte genhtou ontos tou cronou mhte agenhtou mh'te
tinos men genhtou tinos de agenh'tou, mh' einai
cronon -
215 'Ene$tai de touto aporein kai apo ths ou$ias
ws kai apo ths ennoias prohporhtai- autika gar
twn dogmatikwn filo$ofwn fa$in oi men $wma
einai ton cronon oi de a$wmaton, kai twn a$wmaton
famenwn oi men ws kaq' auto ti nooumenon pragma
216 oi d' ws $umbebhkos eterw9. $wma men oun elexen
einai ton cronon Ainh$idhmos kata ton Hra-
kleiton- mh' diaferein gar auton tou ontos kai tou
prw'tou $wmatos- oqen kai dia ths prwths ei$-
agwghs kata ex pragmatwn tetacqai legwntas
aplas lexeis, aitines he'rh tou ao'gou tugcanou$i,
thn men cronos pro$hgorian kai thn monas epi ths
217 ou$ias tetacqai fh$in, htis e$ti $wmatikh, ta de
megeqh twn cronwn kai ta kefalaia twn ariqmwn
e'pi pollapla$ia$mou mali$ta ekfere$qai. to men
gar nun, o dh cronou mh'numa e$tin, eti de th'n
monada ouk allo ti elnai h- thn ou$ian, thn de
hmeran kai ton mhna kai ton eniauton pollapla-
$ia$mon uparcein tou nun, fhmi de tou cronou, ta
de duo kai tria kai deka kai ekaton polupla-
$ia$mon einai ths monados. w$q' outoi men $wma
21 poiou$i ton cronon, oi de apo ths $toas filo$ofoi
a$wmaton auton whqh$an uparcein- twn gar tinwn
fa$i ta men einai $wmata ta de a$wmata, twn de
a$wmatwn te$$ara eidh katariqmountai ws lekton
kai kenon kai topon kai cronon- ex ou dh-lon
ginetai oti pros tw a$wmaton upolambanein ton
cronon, eti kai kaq auto ti nooumenon pragma
doxazou$i touton-
219 Epikouros de, ws auton Dhmhtrios o Lakwn
e'xhgeitai, ton cronon $umptwma $umptwmatwn
einai aegei, parepomenon hmerais te kai nuxi kai
wrais kai paqe$i kai apaqeiais kai kinh$e$i kai
monais- panta gar tauta $umptwmata e$ti
ti$i $umbebhkota, kai o cronos pa$i toutois
$umparepomenos eikotws an aecqeih $umptwma
220 $umptwmatwn- kaqolou gar, ina mikron anwqen
prolabwmen eis thn tou legomenou parakolou'-
qh$in, twn ontwn ta men tina kaq eauta ufe$thken,
ta de peri tois kaq eauta ufe$tw$i qewreitai-
kai kaq' eauta men ufe$thke pragmata oion ai
ou$iai, ws to $wma kai kenon, peri de tois kaq'
eauta ufe$tw$i qewreitai ta kaaoumena par
221 autois $umbebhkota. toutwn de twn $umbebh-
kotwn ta men e$tin acwri$ta twn ois $umbebhken,
ta' de cwrize$qai toutwn pefuken- acwri$ta men
oun e$ti twn ois $umbebhken w$per h antitupia
222 men tou $wmatos, eixis de tou kenou- oute gar
$wma dunaton e$ti pote noh$ai cwris ths anti-
tupias oute to kenon cwris eixews, aaa adion
ekaterou $umbebhkos tou men to antitupe n tou de
to eikein- ouk acwri$ta de e$ti twn ois $umbebhke
223 kaqaper h kinh$is kai h' monh'- ta gar $ugkritiko9
twn $wmatwn oute kineitai dia pantos anhremhtws
out akinhtizei dia pantos, alla pote men $uh-
bebhkuian ecei th'n kinh$in pote de thn monh'n,
kaiper ths atomou, ote kaq eauthn e$tin, aeikinh-
tou kaqe$tw$hs- h gar kenw pelazein ofeilei h
$wmati- eite de kenw pelazoi, dia thn eixin feretai
di' autou, eite $wmati, dia thn antitupian apo-
paltikws poieitai thn ap autou kinh$in-
224 $umptwmata oun taut e$tin ois cronos parepetai,
fhmi de thn te hmeran kai nukta kai wran kai toi
paqh kai tas apaqeias kinh$eis te kai monas- h
te gar hmera kai nux tou periecontos aeros ei$'
$umptwmata, wn h men hmera kata ton ex hliou
fwti$mon $umbainei, h de nux kata fwti$hou-
225 $terh$in tou ex hliou epiginetai- h de wra htoi
ths hmeras h ths nuktos meros kaqe$thkuia palin
$umptwma ginetai tou aeros, w$per kai h hmera
kai h nux- antiparekteinetai de pa$h9 h'mera kai
pa$h nukti kai wra o cronos- par hn aitian makra
tis h braceia aegetai hmera kai nux, feromenwn
hmwn epi ton tauth9 $umbebhkota cronon- ta te
paqh kai ai apaqeiai h"toi a'lghdones h h'donai
e'tugcanon, dia de touto ouk ou$iai tines kaqei$th-
kei$an alla $umptwmata twn pa$contwn htoi
h$tikws h algeinws, kai $umptwmata ouk acrona-
226 pros toutois kai h' kinh$is, eti de h monh', ws hd
pare$th$amen, twn $wmatwn e$ti $umptwmata
kai ou cwris cronou- thn goun oxuthta kai bra-
duthta ths kinh$ews, eti de thn pleiona kai
227 elattona monhn cronw9 katametroumen- alla ga9r
e'k toutwn faneron oti o Epikouros a$wmaton
oietai ton cronon uparcein, ou paraplh$iws de
tois $twikois- ekeinoi men gar, ws lelektai,
a$wmaton ti kaq auto nooumenon upe$th$anto
ton cronon, Epikouros de $umbebhkos ti$in-
228 Wde men outoi, Platwn de elegen, ws de tines
'Ari$totelhs, cronon einai ariqmon tou en kinh$ei
proterou kai u$terou, Stratwn de o fu$ikos, ws
d' alloi 'Ari$totelhs, metron kinh'$ews kai monhs.
229 Oqen toiauths ou$hs kai peri ths kata ton
cronon ou$ias dia$ta$ews, pare$ti men hdh $um-
balein ek twn prohporhmenwn oti oud ek tauths
oion te e$ti bebaiws ti maqein, omws de kai ta nun
lekteon pros men Platwna kai 'Ari$totelhn kai
Stratwna ton fu$ikon ta en arcais anteirhmena,
ote ek ths ennoias tou cronou $unh'gomen to mhden
230 einai ton cronon, pros de tous $wmatikhn axiountas
einai thn ou$ian tou cronou, fhmi de tous Hra-
kaeiteious, ekeino to proceirotaton oti ei cronos
$wma e$ti, pan de $wma h menon h kinoumenon
noeitai, to de menon h kinoumenon en cronw9 menon h
kinoumenon noeitai, <en $wmati to $wma menon h
kinoumenon noeitai,]] ouci de ge en $wmati to $wma
menon h kinoumenon noeitai, ouk ara $wma e$tin o'
231 cro'nos- to te on kata tous Hrakleiteious, o
dh $wma e$tin, en cronw9 e$tin- ouci de ge o cron'os
e'n cronw9 e$tin- ouk ara to on kai to $wma cronos
e$tin- to te zwon en cronw9 zh9, ws kai to teqnhkos
e'n cronw9 teqnhken- dio ouk e$ti zwon h $wma o
232 cronos- kai mh'n oi legontes mh uparcein to
prwton $wma kata ton Hrakleiton ou kwluontai
cronon noein- ei de ge cronos hn to prwton kata
ton 'Hrakleiton $wma, kan ekwluonto ton cronon
noein- ouk ara to on kata ton Hrakaeiton e$ti
233 cro'nos- to te on kata ton Hrakleiton ah'r e$tin,
w's fh$in o Ainh$idhmos, makrw9 de aeros dieferen
o' cro'nos, kai w logw9 ouqeis to pur h to udwr h
th'n ghn cronon legei einai, tw9 au'tw9 oude ton aera
fh$ei- ou toinun to on e$ti cronos.
234 Tauta men oun ws en $untomois pros tauthn
eirh$qw thn $ta$in, bracus d e$ti kai pros tous
apo ths $toas logos, fa$kontas twn tinwn ta men
einai $wmata ta de a$wmata, kai twn a$wmatwn
eldos ti kaq auto nooumenon oiomenous ton cronon.
to gar ti genikwtaton tw mhte $wma ti duna$qai
elnai mhte a$wmaton mhte $wma ama kai a$wmaton
235 ouk an eih. ei gar $wma e$ti, deh'$ei panta autou
ta eidh $wmata tugcanein kai mhden a$w'maton-
kai on tropon panta ta tou zwou eidh zwa e$ti kai
ouden ayucon kai ta tou futou futa kai ouden
emyucon, outws akolouqh$ei kai ta tou tinos eidh
$wmatos ontos $wmata tugcanein kai mhden autwn
a$wmaton- ei de a$wmaton e$tin, e$tai panta
236 autou ta eidh a$wmata kai ouden $wma- w$autws
de kan $wma ama kai a$wmaton uparch9, panta ta
epi merous e$tai $wmata ama kai a$wmata, kai
ouden kat' idian h $wma monon h a$wmaton- w$te
ei mh' $wma e$ti to ti mhde a$wmaton h $wma ama
kai a$wmaton, ouden e$ti to ti. toutou d' an-
airoumenou $unanaireitai kai ta ep eidous panta-
237 oper e$tin atopon- kai mhn kai eka$ton twn
$unapodoqentwn tw cronw9 a$wmatwn hporhtai
tois apo ths $keyews, oion to lekton kai to kenon
kai o topos- eka$tou de toutwn hporhmenou kai o
cronos ou $ugcwrhqh$etai ek tou autou genous
einai toutois-
238 Pros de ton 'Epikouron $umptwma $umptw-
ma'twn axiounta tugcanein ton cronon, pollwn kai
allwn lege$qai dunamenwn, ekeino pros to paron
aparke$ei legein, oti ai men pws ecou$ai ou$iai
taca qewrountai kai ei$i twn upokeimenwn prag-
ou'c etera onta twn ou$iwn, anupo$tata e$tin-
239 oute gar antitupia tis e$ti para to antitupon
$wma oute eixis upokeitai para to eikon kai kenon
u i a o u w u ' a
to hremoun, all ws ouden e$ti $trathgia para
ton $trathgounta oude gumna$iarcia para ton
gumna$iarcounta, outws oude eka$ton toutwn twn
240 $umbebhkotwn eoti para to w $umbebhken- oqen
kai epeidan aegh9 o Epikouros to $wma noein kat'
epi$unqe$in megeqous kai $chmatos kai antitupias
kai barous, ek mh ontwn [$wmatwn] biazetai to
on $wma noein- ei gar mh'te megeqos ti upokeitai
para to memegeqwmenon mhte $chma para to e$ch-
mati$menon mhte antitupia para to antitupoun,
pws ek twn mh upokeimenwn oion te to upokeimenon
241 noein $wma ; w$q' ina h cronos, $umptwmata
einai dei, ina de ta $umptwmata uparch, $um-
bebhkos ti upokeimenon- ouden de e$ti $umbebhkos
upokeimenon- toinun oude cronos dunatai uparcein9
e'w legein oti kai ta ois legetai $umbebh-
kenai o cronos, kai ta wn aegetai $umptwma
tugcanein, aneureta e$tin, oion h hmera h nux, wra,
kinh$is monh, paqos apaqeia. h' goun h'me'ra
dwdekawros legomenh einai, kaqws proteron up-
edeixamen, ouc ufe$thke kata tas dwdeka wras
alla kata mian monhn thn ene$tw$an, htis ouk
243 e$tin h'mera- o d autos aogos kai epi ths nuktos-
h te wra en platei nooumenh kai oion trimerhs
palin $keyamenois hmin anupo$tatos fainetai-
oute gar ote to prwton auths meros e$tin ufe$th-
ken, outw gar ta loipa e$tin, oute ote to deu'-
teron- tote gar to men proton ouketi e$tin to de
244 triton oupw e$tin- twn de pleionwn auths merwn
kata touton ton tropon mh uparcontwn oud auth
dunatai utarcein- all' e$tw ge h'meran einai kai
nukta uparcein kai wras- oukoun epei tauta e$ti
cronos, o de 'Epikouros $umptwma fh$in autwn
einai ton cronon, e$tai kata ton Epikouron o
245 cronos autos eautou $umptwma- kai mhn kai
o peri ths kinh$ews logos poikilws aporos de-
deiktai dia to mh'te en w ti e$ti topw9 duna$qai
kinei$qai mhte en w9 mh e$ti- $unanh9'rhtai de kai
to peri ths monhs- kinh$ews gar mh ou$hs oude
monh genoit an- kata gar antiparabolhn tou
kinoumenou noeitai to akinhton kai tou akinhti-
zontos to kinoumenon- oqen ws dexiou mh ontos ou'de
ari$teron e$tin, outws tou eterou toutwn mh up-
246 arcontos oude to loipon dunatai noei$qai- kai
allws, fa$in oi aporhtikoi, to menon upo tinos
aitias anagkazetai menein, to de anagkazomenon
pa$cei, to de pa$con kineitai- to ara menon kineitai-
all ei peri ta $umptwmata fh$in einai ton cronon
o 'Epikouros, dedeiktai de h'porhmena, deh'$ei omo-
logein kai ton $umbebhkota toutois cronon hporh- -
247 $qai- pros toutois a$wmaton ti e$tin h
kinh$is kai to paqos kai eka$ton twn kathgorh -
piqanon tois a$wmatois a$wmata $umbebhkenai,
legwmen mhde ton cronon $umptwma einai twn
e'kkeimenwn $umptwmatwn-
'Alla gar kai apo ths ou$ias ton cronon aporh-
$antes to meta touto zhtwmen kai peri ariqmou-
248 'Epei eti twn $uzugountwn t cronw9 prag-
ma'twn e$ti kai o ariqmos dia to mh cwris exari-
qmh$eos thn tou cronou gine$qai katametrhon
kaqaper wrwn kai hmerwn kai mhnwn eti de
eniautwn, kalws ecein hgoumeqa meta thn pro -
anu$qei$an h'min peri ekeinou zh'th$in kai ton peri
toutou diaqe$qai aogon, kai mali$q oti oi epi$th -
mone$tatoi twn fu$ikwn outw megalhn dunamin
tois ariqmois apeneiman w$te arcas kai $toiceia
twn olwn toutous nomizein- outoi de ei$in oi peri
249 ton Samion Puqagoran- eoikenai gar legou$i tous
filo$ofountas gnh$iws tois peri logon ponou-
menois- ws gar outoi prwton tas lexeis exeta'-
zou$in (ek lexewn gar o logos), kai epei ek
$ullabwn ai aexeis, prwton $keptontai tas $ul -
labas- twn de $ullabwn [[eis]] ta $toiceia ths
eggrammatou fwnhs anaauomenwn, peri ekeinwn
250 prwton ereunw$in- outw dein fa$in oi peri Puqa-
goran tous ontws fu$ikous, ta peri tou pantos
ereunwntas, en prwtois exetazein eis tina to pan
lambanei thn analu$in- to men oun fainomenhn
einai aegein th'n twn olwn arch'n afu$ikon pws
e$tin- pan gar to fainomenon ex afanwn ofeilei
$uni$ta$qai, to d ek tinwn $une$tws ouk e$tin
251 arch, aala to ekeinou autou $uotatikon- oqen ko= i
ta fainomena ou r'hteon arcas einai twn oawn, alla
ta $u$tatika twn fainomenwn, aper ouketi hn
fainomena- toinun adh'aous kai afaneis up-
252 eqento tas twn ontwn arcas, kai ou koinws- oi gar
atomous eipon o i o
nohta $wmata pantwn twn ontwn arcein ph men
katwrqw$an ph9 de diepe$on- h men gar adh'lous
nomizou$in einai tas arcas, deontws ana$trefontai
h9 de $wmatikas upotiqentai tautas, diapiptou$in.
253 ws gar twn ai$qhtwn $wmatwn prohgeitai ta
nohta kai adhla $wmata, outw kai twn nohtwn
$wmatwn arcein dei ta a$wmata- kai kata logon-
ws gar ta ths lexews $toiceia ouk ei$i lexeis,
outw kai ta twn $wmatwn $toiceia ouk e$ti
$wmata- h'toi de $wmata ofeilei tugcanein h
254 a$wmata- dio pantws e$tin a$wmata- kai mhn
oude ene$ti fanai oti aiwnious $umbebhken einai
tas atomous, kai dia touto duna$qai $wmatikas
ou$as twn olwn arcein- prwton men gar kai oi
tas omoiomereias kai oi tous ogkous kai oi to=
elaci$ta kai amerh legontes einai $toiceia aiwnion
apoleipou$i toutwn thn upo$ta$in, w$te mh' mal-
255lon tas atomous h taut einai $toiceia- eita kai
dedo$qw tais alhqeiais aiwnious einai tas atomous-
a'll' on tropon oi agenhton kai aiwnion apolei-
pontes ton ko$mon ouden htton pros epinoian
zhtou$i tas prwton $u$th$amenas auton arcas,
outw kai h'meis, fa$in oi Puqagorikoi twn fu$ikw-
filo$ofwn, kat epinoian $keptomeqa to ek tinwn
ta aiwnia tauta kai aogw9 qewrhta $une$thke
256 owmata- htoi oun $wmata e$ti ta $u$tatika
autwn h9 a$wmata kai $wmat e u a
paimen, epei deh'$ei kakeinwn $wmata legein einai
$u$tatika kai outws eis apeiron probainou$hs ths
257 epinoias anarcon gine$qai to pan. leipetai ara
legein ex a$wmatwn einai thn $u$ta$in twn nohtwn
$wmatwn- oper kai Epikouros wmologh$e, fh'$as
kata aqroi$mon $chmatos te kai megeqous kai
antitupias kai barous to $wma nenoh$qai-
All oti a$wmatous einai dei ta's arcas -twn
logw9 ewrhtwn $wmatwn' ek twn eirhmenwn
258 $umfanes- hdh de ouk ei tina proufe$thke twn
$wmatwn a$wmata, taut' ex anagkhs $toiceio
e'$ti twn ontwn kai prwtai tines arcai- idou gar
kai ai ideai a$wmatoi ou$ai kata ton Platwno
proufe$ta$i twn $wmatwn, kai eka$ton twn gino-
menwn pros autas ginetai- all ouk ei$i twn ontwn
a'rcai, epeiper eka$th idea kat idian men lam-
banomenh en einai aegetai, kata allahyin de eteras
h aaawn duo kai treis kai te$$ares, w$te einai ti
epanabebhkos autwn ths upo$ta$ews, ton ariqmon,
ou kata metochn to en h ta duo h ta tria h ta
259 toutwn eti pleiona epikathgoreitai autwn- kai
ta $terea $chmata proepinoeitai twn $wmatwn,
a$wmaton econta th'n fu$in- all' anapalin ouk
arcei twn pantwn- proagei gar kai toutwn kata
thn epinoian ta epipeda $chmata dia to ex ekeinon
260 ta $terea ouni$ta$qai- alla mhn oude ta epipeda
$chmata qeih tis an twn ontwn $toiceia- ekaoton
gar autwn palin ek proagontwn $untiqetai, twn
grammwn, kai ai grammai proepinooumenous ecou$i
tous ariqmous, paro$on to men ek triwn grammwn
trigwnon kaleitai kai to ek te$$arwn tetragwnon -
kai epei h apah grammh ou cwris ariqmou neno'htai,
all apo $hmeiou epi $hmeion agomenh ecetai twn
duoin, oi te ariqmoi pantes kai autoi upo to en
h trias en ti e$ti, trias, kai h dekas en ariqmou
261 kefalaion), enqen kinhqeis o Puqagoras a'rchn
efh$en einai twn ontwn thn monada, hs kata
metochn eka$ton twn ontwn en legetai- kai tau'-
thn kat autothta men eauths nooumenhn monada
noei$qai, epi$unteqei$an d eauth9 kaq eterothta
a'poteaein thn kaaoume'nhn aori$ton duada dia to
mhdemian twn ariqmhtwn kai wri$menwn duadion
elnai [thn] auth'n, pa$as de kata metochn auths
duadas nenoh$qai, kaqws kai epi ths mona'dos
262 elegcou$in- duo oun twn ontwn ai arcai, h te
prwth monas, hs kata metochn pa$ai ai ariqmhtoii
monades noountai monades, kai h aori$tos duas, hs
kata metoch'n ai wri$menai duades ei$i duades-
Kai oti tais alhqeiais autai ei$i twn olwn
263 arcai, poikilws oi Puqagorikoi dida$kou$in. twn
gar ontwn, fa$i, ta men kata diaforan noeitai,
ta de kat enantiw$in, ta de pros ti- kata dio-
foran men oun einai ta kaq eauta kai kat idian
perigrafhn upokeimena, oion anqrwpos ippos
futon gh udwr ah'r pur- toutwn gar eka$ton
apolutws qewreitai kai ouc ws kata thn pros
264 eteron oce$in- kat enantiw$in de uparcein o$a
ex enantiw$ews eterou pros eteron qewreitai, oion
a'gaqon kai kakon, dikaion adikon, $umferon
a$umforon, o$ion ano$ion, eu$ebes a$ebes, kinon-
menon h'remoun, ta alla o$a toutois emferh-
265 pros ti de tugcanein ta kata thn ws pros eteron
$ce$in nooumena, oion dexion ari$teron, anw katw,
dipla$ion hmi$u- to te gar dexion noeitai kata
thn ws pros to ari$teron $ce$in kai to ari$tero9n
kata thn ws pros to dexion, to te katw kata thn
ws pros to anw kai to anw kata thn ws pros to
katw- kai epi twn allwn to paraplh$ion-
266 diaferein de fa$i ta kata enantiw$in nooumena
twn pros ti- epi men gar twn enantiwn h tou
eterou fqora gene$is e$ti tou eterou, oion epi
u'gieias kai no$ou kinh$ews te kai hremias- no$ou
te gar gene$is ar$is e$tin u'gieias, u'gieias te
gene$is ar$is e$ti no$ou, kai kinh$ews men upo-
$ta$is fqora $ta$ews, gene$is de $ta$ews ar$is
kinh'$ews- o d' autos logos kai epi luphs kai
alupias agaqou te kai kakou kai koinws twn
267 enantian fu$in econtwn- ta de pros ti $unuparxin
te kai $unanaire$in allhlwn perieicen- ouden gar
dexion e$tin, ean mh kai ari$teron uparch9, oude
dipla$ion, ean mh kai to hmi$u proupokehtai ou
268 dipla$ion e$tin pros toutois epi men twn
enantiwn ws epipan ouden qewreitai me$on,
kaqaper euqews epi ugieias kai no$ou zwhs te
kai qanatou kinh$ews te kai monhs- metaxu gar
tou u'giainein kai no$ein ouden e$ti, kai metaxu
tou zhn kai teqnanai kai eti tou kinei$qai kai
me'nein- epi de twn pros ti pws econtwn e$ti
ti me$on- tou gar meizonos, ei tucoi, kai tou-
mikroterou twn pros ti pws kaqe$twtwn metaxu
genoit an to i$on, w$autws de kai tou pleionos
kai htponos to ikanon, oxeos te kai bareos to
269 $umfwnon9 aala' gar twn triwn ontwn genwn,
enantiothta kai eti twn pros ti nooumenwn,
ofeilei kat anagkhn kai toutwn autwn epanw
ti genos tetacqai, kai prwton uparcein dia to
kai pan genos prouparcein twn uf auto tetoig-
me'nwn eidwn. anairoumenou goun autou panta ta
eidh $unanaireitai, tou de eidous anaireqentos
ouket ana$keuazetai to genos- hrthtai gar ex
270 ekeinou touto, kai ouk anapalin- kai dh
twn men kaq' auta nooumenwn genos upe$th$anto
Puqagorikwn paides, ws epanabebhkos, to en-
kaqa gar touto kaq' auto e$tin, outw kai eka$ton
twn kata diaforan en te e$ti kai kaq eauto
271 qewreitai- twn de kat enantiw$in elexan arcein,
genous taxin epecon, to i$on kai to ani$on- en
toutois gar h' pantwn twn enantioumenwn qewreitai
fu$is, oion monhs men en i$othti, ou gar epidecetai
to mallon kai to h$$on, kinh$ews de en ani$othti,
272 epidecetai gar to mallon kai to h$$on- w$autws
de to men kata fu$in en i$othti, akroths gar hn
anepitatos, to de para fu$in en ani$othti, ep-
edeceto gar to maalon kai h$$on- o d autos
aogos kai epi ugieias kai no$ou euquthtos te kai
273 $treblothtos- ta mentoi ge pros ti ufe$thke
genei th9 te uperoch9 kai th9 elleiyei- mega men
gar kai meizon polu te kai pleion uyhlon te kai
uyhloteron kaq uperochn noeitai, mikron de ka
mikroteron oligon te kai oligwteron tapeinon te
274 kai tapeinoteron kat' elleiyin- all epei ta
kaq' auta kai ta kat enantiw$in kai ta pros ti,
genh onta, eurhtai allois gene$in upotattomena,
uperoch te kai ealeiyei, $kopwmen ei kai tautoi
ta genh dunatai ep alla lambanein thn anapomphn-
275 oukoun h men i$oths tw eni upagetai, to gar en
prwtws auto eautw e$tin i$on, h' de ani$oths
e'n uperoch9 te kai elleiyei blepetai- ani$a gar
e$tin wn to men uperecei to de uperecetai- a'lla
kai h' uperoc kai h' elleiyis kata ton ths aori-
$tou duados logon tetaktai, epeidhper h prwth
uperoch kai h elleiyis en du$in e$ti, tw te
276 upereconti kai tw uperecomenw9- anekuyan ara
arcai pantwn kata to anwtatw h te prwth monas
kai h aori$tos duas- exdwn gine$qai fa$i to t'
en tois ariqmois en kai thn epi toutois palin
duada, apo men ths prwths monados to en, apo
de ths monados kai ths aori$tou duados ta duo-
dis gar to en duo, kai mhpw upokeimenou en
tois ariqmois tou duo oude to dis hn en toutois,
all' elh'fqh ek ths aori$tou duados, kai outws
ek tauths te kai ths monados egeneto h en tois
277 ariqmois duas- kata tauta de kai oi aoipoi
a'riqmoi ek toutwn apetele$qh$an, tou men enos
aei peratountos, ths de aori$tou duados duo
gennw$hs kai eis apeiron pahqos tous ariqmous
monada, ton de ths pa$cou$hs ulhs thn duada-
kai on tropon tous ex autwn upo$tantas ariqmous
apeteae$an, outw kai ton ko$mon kai panta ta
278 en tw ko$mw9 $une$th$anto- euqews gar to
$hmeion kata ton ths monados aogon tetacqai-
ws gar h' monas adiaireton ti e$tin outw kai to
$hmeion, kai on tropon h monas arch tis e$tin en
a'riqmois, outws kai to $hmeion arch tis e$tin
en grammais- w$te to men $hmeion ton ths
monados eice logon, h' de grammh kata thn th-s
duados idean eqewreito- kata metaba$in gar kai
279 h duas kai h' grammh noeitai- kai allws, to
metaxu duoin $hmeiwn nooumenon aplates mhkos
e$ti grammh'- toinun e$tai kata thn duada
grammh, to de epipcdon kata thn triada, o mh
monon mhkos auto qewreitai kaqo hn h' duas, alla
kai trithn pro$eilhfe dia$ta$in to platos-
280 tiqemenwn de triwn $hmeiwn, duoin men ex enantiou
dia$th'matos, tritou de kata me$on ths ek twn
duoin apoteae$qei$hs grammhs, palin ex allou
dia$th'matos, epipedon apoteleitai- to de $tereon
$chma kai to $wma, kaqaper to puramoeides kata
thn tetrada tattetai- tois gar tri$i $hmeiois,
ws proeipon, keimenois epiteqentos alaou tinos
anwqen $hmeiou puramoeides apoteleitai $chma
$tereou $wmatos- ecei gar hdh tas treis dia-
281 $ta$eis, mhkos platos baqos- tines d apo
enos $hmeiou to $wma fa$i $uni$ta$qai- touti
ga'r to $hmeion ruen grammhn apotelein, thn de
ba'qos kinhqen to $wma gennan trich9 dia$taton-
282 diaferei de h toiauth twn Puqagorikwn $taois
ths twn proterwn- ekeinoi men gar ek duoin arcwn,
ths te monados kai ths aori$tou duados, epoioun
tou's ariqmous, eit' ek twn ariqmwn ta $hmeia
kai tas grammas ta te epipeda $chmata kai ta
nou$in- ex autou men [[gar]] grammh ginetai, apo
grammhs de epifaneia, apo de tauths $wma-
283 Plhn outw men apoteleitai ta $terea $ch'mata
hgoumenwn twn ariqmwn- af wn loipon kai to
ai$qhta $uni$tatai, gh te kai udwr kai ahr kai
pur, kai kaqolou o ko$mos, on fa$i kaq armonian
dioikei$qai palin ecomenoi twn ariqmwn, en ois oi
logoi ei$i twn $u$tatikwn ths teaeiou armonias
$umfwniwn, ths te dia te$$arwn kai ths dia pente
kai ths dia pa$wn, wn h' men en epitritw9 ekeito
284 logw9, h' de en h'mioliw9, h' de en dipla$ioni- eirhtai
de peri toutwn akribe$tern kan th9 peri krithriou
$keyei kan tois peri yuchs.
Nun de upodeicqentos oti megalhn dunamin
a'ponemou$i tois ariqmois oi apo ths Italias
fu$ikoi metelqontes kai tas akoaouqous tw topw
285 komizwmen aporias. otan oun legw$i twn ari-
qmhtwn, oion twn ai$qhtwn kai upopiptonton,
mhden einai en, metoch9 de tou enos tou w$anei
prwtou kai $toiceiou en ti kalei$q i u o
polla <en]] einai, metoch9 de tou enos eka$ton
286 noei$qai en, oion zwon xulon futon- ei gar to
deiknumenon zwon en e$ti to mh on zwon olon to
futon, ouk e$tai en- kai ei to futon en e$ti, to
mh o'n futon, olon to zwon, ouk e$tai en aala
legetai ge to mh on zwon en, kaqaper to futon,
kai to mh on futon palin en ws to zwon- ouk
ara eka$ton twn ariqmhtwn en e$tin- to de ou
eka$ton metoch9 nenohtai en, ekeino en te e$ti kai
polla, en men kaq eauto, polla de kata peri-
287lhyin- oper plhqos palin ouk e$tin en tois
ariqmhtois deiknumenon- ei gar to twn zwwn
plhqos [[plhqos]] e$tin, to twn futwn ouk e$tai
plhqos, kai ei to toutwn, anapalin ouk e$tai to
twn zwwn- legetai de ge kai epi futwn kai epi
zwwn kai ep' aalwn ikanwn plhqos- ouk ara to
en tois ariqmhtois deiknumenon plhqos tw onti
plhqos e$tin, alla ekeino to ou metoch9 nen$'htai
288 touto plhqos- otan dh' ta toiauta legw$in
oi Puqagorikoi twn filo$ofwn, omoion ti legouoi
tw mhdena twn epi merous anqrwpwn anqrwpon
einai, alla ton ou metoch9 eka$tos eis te anqrwpos
nenohtai kai polloi anqrwpoi kalountai. noeitai
gar o anqrwpos zwon logikon qnhton, kai dia
touto oute Swkraths anqrwpos e$tin oute
289 Platwn, ouk allos tis twn ep' eidous- ei gar
Swkraths, kaqo Swkraths e$tin, anqrwpos kaq-
e$thken, o Platwn ouk e$tai anqrwpos, oude Diwn
h Qewn- kai ei Platwn e$tin anqrwpos, o Sw-
kraths ouk e$tai. legetai de ge kai Swkraths
anqrwpos kai Platwn kai eka$tos twn allwn-
ouk ara twn epi merous anqrwpwn eka$tos e$tin
anqrwpos, ou de metoch9 eka$tos autwn nenohtai
290 anqrwpos, os ouk e$tin eis ex autwn. o d' autos
logos kai epi futou kai pantwn twn loipwn
atopon de ge e$ti mhdena twn epi merous anqrwpwn
legein anqrwpon einai, mhde twn futwn futon-
atopon ara kai to eka$ton twn ariqmhtwn kata
291 ton idion logon mh' legein en- allws te kai
h komizomenh kata tou genous aporia fqanein
eoike kai epi thn toiauthn twn Puqagorikwn
doxan- ws gar o genikos anqrwpos oute meta twn
ep eidous anqrwpwn qewreitai, epei kai au'tos
e$tai eidikos, oute kat idian ufe$thken, epei ou
genh$ontai oi kata meros anqrwpoi metoch9 autou--
anqrwpoi, out' en autois toutois periecetai
292 (adianohton gar toutou metochn apeirois einai
kai touto men teqnhko$i touto de zw$i peri-
ece$qai),ws oun outos o logos aporos, outo
kai o peri tou enos toutou mallon e$tin aporw-
teros tw9 mhte $un tois kata meros ariqmhtois
auto qewrei$qai, mh'te kata pantos auto duna$qai
tetacqai, mhte metochn autou tois apeirois up-
293 arcein. h ge mhn tou enos idea, hs kata
metochn eka$ton noeitai en, htoi mia e$tin ideo
tou enos h pleious ideai tou enos kai ei men mia,
htoi olhs metecei eka$ton twn ariqmhtwn h
me'rous tinos auths kai ei men olhs mete$chken,
ouk e$ti mia ei gar olhn ecei thn tou enos idean
aogou carin to A, ex anagkhs to B, mh' econ ou
29 eta$ h ouk e$tai en oper atopon ei de
polumerhs e$tin h tou enos idea kai eka$ton twn
ariqmhtwn [eka$tou] merous auths meteilhfen,
prwton men eka$ton twn ontwn ou ths tou eno
ideas e$tai meteilhfos aaaa merous auths, kai
dia touto ouketi genh$etai en- ws gar to meros
a'nqrwpou ouk e$tin anqrwpos kai to meros ths
lexews ouk e$ti lexis, outw to meros ths tou enos
ideas ouk e$tai h tou enos idea, ina kai to met-
295 e$chkos auths genhtai en- eita h' tou enos ideoi
ouketi ginetai enos idea, -oude mia alla pleious.
to gar en, h en e$tin, adiaireton kaqe$thken, kai
h' monas, h9 monas e$tin, ou dicazetai- h eiper eis
polaa diaireitai, aqroi$mos pleionwn monadon
296 genh'$etai kai ouketi monas. ei de pleious eien
ideai tou enos, ws eka$ton twn ariqmhtwn idias
tinos metecein ideas kaq' hn en noeitai, htoi h tou
A idea kai h' tou B metecou$in enos tinos ideas
kaq' hn ekateron autwn pro$agoreuetai en, h ou
297 metecou$in- kai ei men ou metecou$in on trotron
autai dunantai ths tou enos epikathgorias
axiou$qai mh metecou$ai tinos epanabebhkuias
tou enos ideas, outw dunatai kai pan to opw$oun
legomenon en mh kata metochn ths tou enos ideas
298 pro$agoreue$qai en- ei de metecou$in, h archqen
menei aporia- pws gar ai duo ideai ths mias
metecou$in ideas; olhs ekatera, h merous auths;
opoteron gar an aegw$in, epacqh$ontai ai mikrw:
pro'$qen apodoqei$ai pros hmwn aporiai-
299 Sun toutois epei pan to aambanomenon anqrw'pw
htoi ai$qh'$ei lambanetai kai kata yilh n egkurh$in
h dianoia, pantws kai o ariqmos, eiper anqrwpw
lhptos e$tin, htoi ai$qh$ei h dianoia kata-
300 lhfqh$etai alla ai$qh$ei men kai aplh9 emfa$ei
ouk an lhfqeih- paana gar enious h' twn ariqmhtwn
upo$ta$is, epeiper blepontes tauta leuka h
me'lana h koinws ai$qhta uponoou$in oti kai o
ariqmos ai$qhton ti e$ti kai fainomenon pragma,
mh e'cou$hs outw ths alhqeias- to men gar aeukon
kai melan kai, ei outw tucoi, to futon kai o
liqos kai to xulon kai twn ariqmhtwn eka$ton
fainetai kai ai$qh$ei lhpton e$tin, o d' ariqmos
ws ariqmos ouk e$tin hmin ai$qhtos oude fainetai-
301 $kopwmen de ton tropon touton ta ai$qhta
w's ai$qhta adidaktws hmin lambanetai ouqeis
gar to leukon h to melan oran dida$ketai, oude:
traceos h leiou antilambane$qai. o de ariqmos
ws ariqmos ouk adidaktws h'min lambanetai- ot-i
gar ta dis duo te$$ara e$ti kai ta tris duo ex
e$ti kai ta dekakis deka ekaton, ek maq'$ew
egnwmen ouk ara ai$qhton ti e$tin o ariqmos-
302 ei de mnhmh9 kat epi$unqe$in tinwn egnw$tai,
a'porh$ei tis twn ai$qhtwn apo$tas, kaqws kai
o Platwn hporei en tw peri yuchs pws ta duo
kat idian men onta ou noeitai duo, $unelqonta de
303 eis tauto ginetai duo- ei gar toiauta e$ti meta
thn $unodon opoia hn prin ths $unodou, hn d'
ekateron autwn prin ths $unodou en, e$tai kai
r en' epei an w
pro$gine$qai ti autois peri$$oteron meta thn
$unodon par' o hn, oion th'n duada, e$tai h twn
304 duoin $uneaeu$is tetras- ei gar tw $unelqonti
eni kai eni pleion ti pro$ginetai h duas, epei en
tauth monas kai monas noeitai, kata thn tou enos
kai enos $uneleu$in tetras genh$etai, duoin men
nooumenwn twn $uniontwn, ditths de kata thn
fu$in ou$hs ths pro$ginomenhs autois duados.
kai palin ei tois kata $unodon poiou$i thn
dekada pleion ti pro$ginetai h dekas, epei en th-
dekadi noeitai ta ennea kai ta oktw kai ta epta kai
kaq upoba$in oi loipoi ariqmoi, apeirakis apeirwn
e$tai plhqos ta deka, ws anwteron dedeicamen-
305 '0 de Platwn kai alaws epiceirein bouletai-
eiper gar to en, fh$in, ote diaireitai kai cwrizetai,
duo noeitai, pantws kai h ekaterou twn ana en
eis tauto $unodos ou nohqh'$etai duo- enantion gar
e$ti tw9 prwtw9 aitiw9 to deuteron aition, kai ei
ta ek tou autou cwrizomena duo e$ti, ta eis tauto
$unagomena kai all' h'lois parateqeimena ou'k an
eih duo. ecei de kai to r'hton par' autw ton
306 tropon touton- " qaumazw gar ei ote men ekateron
autwn hn cwris allh'lwn, en hn ekateron kai ouk
h$thn tote duo, plh$ia$anta d' allh'lois, auth
ara autwn aitia egeneto duoin gene$qai, $unodos
tou pah$ion allh'lwn teqhnai. oude ge ws ean
tis en dia$ci$h9, dunamai eti pei$qhnai oti w$autws
aitia gegonen h $ci$is tou duo gegonenai. enantio-
gar gegonen h tote aitia tou duo gene$qai tote
men oti $unh'geto plh$ion allh'lwn kai pro$etiqeto
eteron eterw9, nun d oti apagetai kai cwrizetai
307 eteron af' eterou-" r'htws gar dia toutwn fh$in
ws eiper h yilh $unodos tou enos kai enos kai h
auto monon paraqe$is aition e$ti tou duo gene$qai
ta proteron mh' onta duo, pws eti pei$qhnai
dunamai oti to en, ote cwrizetai kai dia$patai,
duo ginetai; enantia gar th9 $unodw9 h' $ci$is
e$ti kai o cwri$mos-
308 Toioutos men kai o Platwn- ene$ti de kai wde
$unerwtan. ei e$ti ti ariqmos, ote paratiqetai
ti eterw9, oion th9 monadi h monas, tote h pro$-
ginetai ti tais $unelqou$ais mona$in h apoginetai
twn $unelqou$wn h oute pro$ginetai ti autais
oute apoginetai. all ei mhte pro$ginetai ti
autais mhte apoginetai autwn ouk e$tai duas
kata thn paraqe$in ths eteras th9 etera, ws oude
309 prin ths $unodou etugcanen ei de apoginetai ti
kata thn paraqe$in autwn, ela$$w$is e$tai ths
mias monados kai ouketi duas genh$etai ei de
pro$ginetai ti autais, oion h duas, ta ofeilonta
duo einai te$$ara genh$ontai duas gar h' epi-
genomenh monas hn kai monas pro$elqou$a oun
monadi kai monadi, tais $unercomenais, ton
te$$ara poih$ei ariqmon oper e$tin atopon-
toinun ouk e$ti ti ariqmos-
310 H peri gene$ews kai fqoras zhth$is $uni$tatai
tois $keptikois pros tous fu$ikous $cedon ti peri
twn olwn, eige twn $keyamenwn peri ths tou
pantos $u$ta$ews oi men ex enos egennh$an ta
panta oi d' ek pleionwn, kai twn ex enos oi men
311 ex apoiou oi de ek poiou, kai twn ek poiou oi men
e'x aeros oi d' ex udatos oi d' ek puros, alloi ek
ghs, kai twn ek pleionwn oi men ex ariqmhtwn oi
d' ex apeirwn, kai twn ex ariqmhtwn oi men ek duo
oi d ek te$$arwn oi d ek pente oi d' ex ex koi
twn ex apeirwn oi men ex omoiwn tois gennwmenois
oi de ex anomoiwn, kai toutwn oi men ex apaqwn
312 oi d' ek paqhtwn ex apoiou men oun kai enos
$wmatos thn twn olwn upe$th$anto gene$in oi
$twikoi. ar h' gar twn ontwn kat autous e$tin
h apoios ulh kai di oawn trepth', metaballouohs
te tauths ginetai ta te$$ara $toiceia, pur kai
313 ah'r, udwr kai gh. ex enos de kai poiou gegenh$qai
ta panta qelou$in oi te peri ton Ippa$on kai
Anaximenh kai Qalh, wn Ippa$os men kai kata
tinas 'Prakleitos o Efe$ios ek puros apelipon
thn gene$in, 'Anaximenhs de ex aeros, Qalhs de
e'x udatos, Xenofanhs de kat' enious ek ghs
ek gaihs gar panta, kai eis ghn panta teaeuta.
314 ek pleionwn de kai ariqmhtwn, duoin men, ghs te
kai udatos, o poihths Omhros, ote men legwn
wkeanon te qewn gene$in kai mhtera Thqun,
ote de
all umeis men pantes udwr kai gaia genoi$qe.
$umfere$qai d' autw dokei kat enious kai o
Kolofwnios Xenofanhs fh$i ga'r
pantes gar gaihs te kai udatos ekgenome$qa-
315 ek ghs de kai aiqeros Euripidhs, ws pareotin
e'kdexa$qai ek tou legein auton
aiqera kai gaian pantwn geneteiran aeidw-
ek te$$arwn de o 'Empedoklhs-
te$$ara gar pan ' zw w n akoue-
Zeus argh's Hrh te fere$bios h'd' 'Aidwneus
Nh$tis q', h dakruois teggei krounwma broteion.
316 ek pente de Okellos o Leukanos kai Ari$totelhs-
$umparelabon gar tois te$$ar$i $toiceiois to
pempton kai kukloforhtikon $wma, ex ou legou$in
317 einai ta ourania ek de twn ex thn pantwn up-
eqento gene$in oi peri ton Empedoklea en ois
men gar legei te$$ara twn pantwn rizwmata, ek
te$$arwn poiei thn gene$in otan de pro$qh9
neikos t' ouao enon di w a al a a t
kai filih meta toi$in, i$h mhkos te platos te,
ex paradidw$i tas twn ontwn arcas, te$$aras men
tas ulikas, ghn udwr aera pur, duo de tas dra$th-
318 rious, filian kai neikos- ex apeirwn d' edoxa$an
thn twn pragmatwn gene$in oi peri 'Anaxagoran
ton Klazomenion kai Dhmokriton kai Epikouron
kai alloi pamplhqeis, all o men 'Anax-
agoras ex omoiwn tois gennwmenois, oi de peri ton
Dhmokriton kai 'Epikouron ex anomoiwn te kai
a'paqwn, toute$ti twn atomwn, oi de peri ton
Pontikon 'Hrakleidhn kai 'A$kahpiadhn ex an-
omoiwn men paqhtwn de, kaqaper twn anarmwn
ogkwn
319 Proeilhfotes oun oti pa$i toutois aporos
deiknutai o ths fu$iologias tropos anaireqei$hs-
ths gene$ews kai ths fqoras, proqumoteron
aptwmeqa twn logwn- kaitoi ge ean exetazwmen,
dia twn empro$qen autarkws hdh $umbebiba$tai
320 to kefalaion to gar ginomenon kai fqeiromenon
e'n cronw9 ginetai kai fqeiretai, cronos de ouk
e$tin, ws anwteron pare$th$amen, w$te oude to
321 ginomenon kai fqeiromenon e$tai pa$a te
gene$is kai fqora metablhtikai tines ei$i kinh$eis,
ouden d' e$ti kinh$is, ws prokate$th$ameqa
322 toinun oude gene$is kai fqora genh$etai kai pan
to gennwmenon h fqeiromenon ou cwris tou drwntos
kai pa$contos gennatai h fqeiretai, oute de dra
ti oute pa$cei, w$t oude gennatai ti oude
323 fqeiretai kai mhn ei ginetai ti kai fqeiretoii,
o'feilei ti tini pro$tiqe$qai kai ti tinos afairei$qai
h ti ek tinos metaballein gene$is gar kai fqora
kata tina twn triwn toutwn tropwn ofeilei
$uni$ta$qai, oion epi ths dekados kat' a'faire$in
ths monados ginetai men h enneas fqeiretai de h
dekas, kai palin epi ths enneados kata pro$qe$in
monados ginetai men h' dekas fqeiretai de h' enneas-
kai epi twn kata trophn fqeiromenwn h gennw-
me'nwn o autos logos- outw gar fqeiretai men o
324 oinos ginetai de oxos- ei dh toinun pan to gennw.
menon kai fqeiromenon htoi kata pro$qe$in h
kat' afaire$in h kata metabolhn ginetai kai
fqeiretai, epei pare$th$amen mhte pro$qe$in
ou$an mhte afaire$in mh'te metabolh'n, duname
prokate$th$ameqa to mhde gene$in h fqoran
325 uparcein- pros toutois to gennwmenon h9
fqeiromenon yauein o'feilei ekeinou tou ex ou
fqeiretai kai tou eis o metaballei, ouden d e
yau$is eotin, ws pare$tatai- toinun oude gene$is
h fqora $u$thnai dunatai
326 Pare$ti de kai prohgoumenws aporountas
legein ws eiper ti ginetai, htoi to on ginetai h
onti ouden $umbebhken, w de mhden $umbebhken
327 oude to gine$qai $umbebhken- kai allws, to
ginomenon pa$cei to de mh on ouden dunatai
pa$cein ontos gar to pa$cein ouk ara to mh on
ginetai. kai mhn oude to on- e$ti gar hdh to on
kai ouk ecei creian gene$ews- ouk ara oude to
on gennatai. all ei mhte to on mhte to' mh on
ginetai, para tauta d ouden e$ti triton epinoein,
328 ouden gennatai- allws te, en tois fainomenois
qewreitai ta men ex enos gennwmena kata meta-
329 bolhn, ta d ek pleionwn kata $unqe$in kai e'x
enos men kata metabolhn opo$a ths auths ou$ias
menou$hs eteran ex eteras metalambanei poiothta,
oion otan tou autou ugrou menontos en tw autw9
plh'qei to men gleukos afani$qh9 oinos de genhtoi,
o oinos men afani$qh9 oxos de upo$th9, h tou
khrou menontos h men $klhroths afanizhtai h' de.
330 malakoths genhtai, h anapalin ek pleionwn de
kat epi$unqe$in ws alu$is men kat' epi$unde$in
krikwn, oikia de kata $unodon liqwn, e$qhs de
331 kata krokhs kai $thmonwn $umplokh'n ei de
kan tois nohtois ginetai ti, htoi ex ontos ginetai
ti h ek mh ontos- kai ek men tou mh' ontos ouden
dunatai gine$qai- dei gar to gennhtikon tinos
ou$ian ecein kai poian anadece$qai kinh$in w$t,
ouk an eih ti ek tou mh ontos gennwmenon- kai
332 mh'n oud ek tou ontos- ei gar ek tou ontos
ginetai ti, htoi ex enos ginetai h ek pleionwn-
kai ex enos men ouk an eih gennwmenon- ei gar e'x
e'nos ginetai, htoi auxanomenou h meioumenou h
333 en tw autw menontos ginetai ala' auxaneoqai
men kai meiou$qai ouc oion te tauto, kai ouk an
dunhqeih eautou ti meizon h eautou ti elatton
a'potelei$qai tauton ean te gar autou pleion
genoito, epeiouden ecei pleion par eauto, ez ouk
ontos exei thn pro$qe$in- ean te elatton eautou,
palin, epei ouden ecei par eauto[[, to]] apoalumenon
autou eis to mh on apoleitai ouden ora dunatai
334 ek tou auxomenou h meioumenou gine$qai kai mhn
oud ek tou en tw autw9 menontos e$tai to gennw-
menon ei gar touto htoi atreptou kai ameta-
blhtou menontos autou gennatai ti ex autou, h ek
trepomenou kai metaballontos ala ex atreptou
men kai aei w$autws menontos ouk an genn qei
335 ti eteroiw$is gar tis e$tin h gene$is- ei de ek
trepomenou kai metaballontos, htoi eis eauto
metaballontos ginetai to gennwmenon h eis eteron-
kai ei men eis eauto metabaloi to gennhtikon tinos,
palin menei to auto, kai menon to auto oudenos
e$tai peri$$oterou gennhtikon. ei de eis eteron
trepoito, htoi ekbainei ths idias upo$ta$ews ote
trepetai kai gennatai, h menei men en th- oikeia
upoota$ei, allo de eidos ant' allou eidous meta-
khros kai allote aalhn morfhn anadecomenos-
336 all ekbainon men ths idias upo$ta$ews eis to mh
on fqarh$etai, kai eis to mh on fqeiromenon
gennh'$ei ouden- ei de menon en th9 idia upo$ta$ei
kai aaahn ant' alahs poiothta anadecomenon
337 gennatai, krateitai th9 auth9 aporia. htoi gar
menontos tou prwtou eidous kai ths proteras
poiothtos peri autw ginetai to deuteron eidos
kai h' deutera poioths, h mh menontos oute de9
me'nontos tou prwtou eidous ginetai to deuteron
oute h menontos, ws empro$qen pare$th$amen,
ote peri tou pa$contos e$keptomeqa toinun oud'
338 ex enos ginetai to gennwmenon. kai mh'n oud'
e'k pleionwn. duoin gar $unelqontwn triton ouk
an genoito, menontwn twn duoin, kai palin triwn
ontwn tetarton ouk an genoito, menontwn twn
triwn eirhtai de peri toutwn akribe$teron, ote
peri ths tou anqrwpou upo$ta$ews ezhtoumen,
pari$tantes oti oute $wma e$tin o anqrwpos oute
339 yuch oute to $unqeton dioper ei mh'te ex enos
e'$ti to gennwmenon mh'te ek paeionwn, para d
tauta ouden e$tin, ex anagkhs ouden twn ontwn
gennatai
340 Iauta men oi aporhtikoi peri gene$ews diex.
ia$in oi de dogmatikoi mh pros noun apantwntes
palin epi ta ex enargeias upodeigmata $umfeu-
gou$in to gar udwr qermon on, mh on de yucron,
ginetai yucron kai o uparcwn calkos' mh wn
andrias, ginetai andrias kai to won kata dunamin
men e$ti neo$$os, kat' enteleceian de ouk e$tin,
[a'lla legetai kata dunamin einai neo$$os eis to
kat enteleceian uparcein]. kai to on toinun
dunatai gine$qai kai to mh on eita kai orwmen
brefos men gennwmenon ex anqrwpou, culon d ek
po'as w$te panta ton twn aporhtikwn logon
341 para th'n enargeian cwrein paanwntai d' oi
tauta legontes, kai ou pros to prokeimenon
upantw$in to gar qermon [[on]] udwr kai ouk on
yucron oute qermon ginetai tw einai oute yucron
tw mh einai para de to einai kai mh einai ouden
eotin ouk ara oud' epi tou udatos e$ti tis gene$is-
kai palin, oute o calkos ginetai tw einai calkos
342 oute [o] andrias tw mh einai. kai epi twn
kata dunamin kai enteleceian o autos e$ti logos.
alaws te htoi pleion ti e$tin en tw kat
enteleceian para to en dunamei h ouk e$tin kai
ei men ouden paeion e$tin, autoqen ouden ginetai
tw kata dunamin einai, ei de e$ti ti paeon, ek tou
343 mh ontos touto ginetai, oper atopon nai, allo
kai brefos ek ths egkumonos gennatai kai cuaos
ek ths poas $uni$tatai kai touto ti pros to
zhtoumenon ; eroumen. oute gar to brefos ginetai
tiktomenon, eis toumfanes de ek tou afanous
u o lo i a e  o u
hrcen, kai ektos ths poas ginomenos topon monon
hllaxen w$per oun ton ek tou zofou eis to fws
proelqonta ou aegomen gine$qai, topon d' ek topo u
metabebhkenai, kata ton auton tropon oude to
brefos eroumen gine$qai ala ex eterou tino9 s
topou eis eteron metabainein topon- ouden oun
gennatai.
344 Kata tauta de oude fqeiretai ei gar fqeiretai
ti, htoi to on fqeiretai h to mh on oute de to
mh on fqeiretai to gar fqeiromenon eis to mh
einai cwrei, to de mh on [ti] hdh en tw mh einai
on ou deitai ths eis touto metaba$ews toinun
345 ou fqeiretai to mh on. kai mhn oude to on htoi
gar menon en tw einai fqeiretai h mh' menon kai
ei men menon, e$tai ama kai ouk e$tai, efqarmenon
kai mh' efqarmenon- ei de mh menon, apollutai,
kai ouketi to on alla to mh on fqeiretai w$te
346 ei mhte to on mhte to mh on fqeiretai, para de
tauta ouden e$tin, ouden fqeiretai.
Tines de kai twn cronwn ecomenoi ths te
gene$ews kai fqoras outw $unerwtw$in ei
apeqane Swkraths, htoi ote ezh apeqanen h ote
e'teleuta kai zwn men ouk apeqanen ezh gar
347 dhpouqen kai zwn ouk eteqnhkei oute d' ote
a'peqanen dis gar e$tai teqnhkws ouk ara
apeqane Swkraths apo de ths auth-s duna-
mews, epi diaferontos de upodeigmatos, logon
$unhrwthke kai o Kronos toiouton ei fqeiretai
to teicion, htoi ote aptontai allhawn oi liqoi
kai ei$in h'rmo$menoi fqeiretai to teicion, h
ote die$ta$in oute de ote aptontai allhlwn
348 kai ei$in h'rmo$menoi fqeiretai to teicion, oute
ote die$ta$in ap allh'lwn ouk ara fqeiretai to
teicion kai o men logos toioutos, h' de du'namis
autou profanh's duo gar ei$i cronoi kat epi-
noian, en w9 aptontai allh'lwn oi liqoi kai ei$in
h'rmo$menoi, kai en w die$ta$in para de toutous
349 oud' epinohqhnai tritos tis dunatai cronos ei
oun fqeiretai to teicion, en tw eterw9 toutwn
ofeilei fqeire$qai ala' en men w aptontai al-
lh'lwn oi liqoi kai ei$in h'rmo$menoi, ou dunatai
fqeire$qai e$ti gar eti teicion, kai ei e$tin, ou
fqeiretai- oute de en w die$ta$in ap aalh'lwn-
ouketi gar e$ti teicion, to de mh on ou dunatai
350 fqeire$qai. ei oun mh'te ote aptontai allhlwn
oi liq oi fqeiretai to teicion, mhte ote die$ta$in
350 ap' allhlwn, ou fqeiretai to teicion kai
outw de dunaton $unerwtan ei ginetai ti kai
fqeiretai, htoi en w e$ti cronw9 ginetai kai
fqeiretai, h en w9 mh e$tin kai en w men e$tin,
oute ginetai oute fqeiretai ef' o$on gar e$ti
touto, oute ginetai oute fqeiretai kai mhn oude
e'n w mh' e$ti paqoi an ti toutwn en w gar ti mh
e$tin, oute paqein ti oute poiein dunatai ei de
touto, ouden oute ginetai oute fqeiretai-
351 Tauta men oun pros tous fu$ikous twn filo-
$ofwn eirh'$qw kairos d' an eih metelqein kai epi
tous to h'qikon meros ths fiao$ofias a$pa$a-
menous-
Tas men komizomenas upo twn $keptikwn aporias
eis te to logikon kai fu$ikon ths filo$ofias
meros proteron epelhluqamen, upoloipon de e$ti
kai tas eis to hqikon fere$qai dunamenas pro$-
upotattein outw geir eka$tes hmwn thn teaeian kai
$keptikhn apoaabwn diaqe$in kata ton Timwna
biw$etai
rh9$ta meq h$ucihs
aiei afronti$tws kai akinhtws kata tauta,
mh pro$ecwn ainois hdulogou $ofihs-
2 all epei thn hqikhn qewrian $umfwnws $cedon
apantes upeilhfa$i peri thn twn agaqwn te kai
kakwn diakri$in gine$qai, kaqo kai o prwtos au-
th'n doxas kekinhkenai Swkraths parh'ggeilen ws
anagkaiotaton zhtein
otti toi en megaroi$i kakon t agaqon te tetu-
ktai,
deh'$ei kai hmas en arcais euqus peri ths en toutois
diaforas $kopein
A-- TIS ESTIN H OLOSXEPHS TWN KATA TON BION
IIPATMATWN DIAFOPA
3 Pa'ntes men oi kata [ton] tropon $toiceioun
dokountes twn filo$ofwn, kai epifane$tata para
pantas oi te apo ths arcaias Akadhmias kai oi
apo tou peripatou eti de ths $toas, eiwqao
diairoumenoi legein twn ontwn ta men einai agaqa
ta de kaka ta de metaxu toutwn, aper kai adioi-
4fora legou$in idiaiteron de para tous all ous o
Xenokraths kai tais enikais ptw$e$i crwmenos
efa$ke pan to on h agaqon e$tin h kakon e$tin
5 h oute agaqon e$tin oute kakon e$tin- kai twn
loipwn filo$ofwn cwris apodeixews thn toiauthn
diaire$in pro$iemenwn autos edokei kai apodeixin
$umparalambanein. ei gar e$ti ti kecwri$menon
pragma twn agaqwn kai kakwn kai twn mhte
a'gaqwn mh'te kakwn, ekeino htoi agaqon e$tin h
ouk e$tin agaqon kai ei men agaqon e$tin n twn
triwn genh'$etai ei d ouk e$tin agaqon, htoi kakon
e$tin h oute kakon e$tin oute a'gaqon e$tin eite
de kakon e$tin, en twn triwn uparxei, eite oute
agaqon e$tin oute kakon e$ti, palin en twn triwn
kata$th$etai pan ara to on htoi agaqon e$tin h
kakon e$tin h oute agaqon e$tin oute kakon eotin
6 dunamei de kai outos cwris apodeixews pro$h'kato
thn diaire$in, epeiper o eis kata$keuhn auths
paralhfqeis aogos ouc eteros e$tin auths- oqen ei
en eauth9 perie$chke thn pi$tin h apodeixis, e$tai
kai h diaire$is ex eauths pi$th mh diaferou$a ths
apodeixews-
7 'Aaa'. omws, kaiper $umfwnou dokountos upar-
cein kata pantas tou oti tri$$h e$tin h twn onto
diafora, tines oude9n htton eure$ilogou$in, omo-
logountes men thn en tois ou$i diaforan oti toiauth
tis e$ti, $ofi$tikws de pro$eiloumenoi th ekte-
qeil diaire$ei kai touto ei$omeqa mikron anwqen
prolabontes -
8 Ton gar oron fa$in oi tecnografoi yilh9 th9
$untaxei diaferein tou kaqoaikou, duna'mei ton
auton onta. kai eikotws o gar eipwn anqrwpos
e$ti zwon logikon qnhton tw eiponti ei ti e$tin
anqrwpos, ekeino zwon e$ti logikon qnhton th9
men dunamei to auto legei th9 de fwnh9 diaforon -
9 kai oti touto, $umfanes ek tou mh monon to kaq-
olikon twn epi merous einai periahptikon alla kai
t or epi panta ta eidh tou apodidomenou
pragmatos dih'kein, oion ton men tou anqrwpou epi
pantas tous kat eidos anqrwpous, ton de tou
ippou epi pantas tous ippous enos te upotac-
qentos yeudous ekateron ginetai mocqhron, to te
10 kaqolikon kai o oros alla gar ws tauta fwnais
exhllagmena kata dunamin e$ti ta auta, wde kai
h teleios fa$i diaire$is, dunamin ecou$a kaqolikh'n,
$untaxei tou kaqolikou dienhnocen o gar trottw
twde diairoumenos " twn anqrwpwn oi men ei$in
Ellhnes oi de barbaroi i$on ti legei tw9 ei
tines ei$in anqrwpoi, ekeinoi h Eaahnes ei$in h
barbaroi." ean gar tis anqrwpos euri$khtai mhte
Ellhn mh'te barbaros, anagkh mocqhran men einai
thn diaire$in, yeudos de gine$qai to kaqolikon.
11 doper kai to outw aegomenon " twn ontwn ta men
e$tin agaqa ta de kaka ta de toutwn metaxu"
dunamei kata ton Cru$ippon toiouton e$ti kaq-
olikon ei tina e$tin onta, ekeina h9'toi agaqa e$tin
h kaka e$tin h adiafora" to mentoi ge toiouton
kaqolikon yeudos e$tin upota$$omenou tinos autw
12 yeudous duoin gar fa$in upokeimenwn prag-
matwn, tou men agaqou tou de kakou, h tou men
agaqou tou de adiaforou, h kakou kai adiaforou,
to men tout e$ti twn ontwn agaqon " alhqes
e'$ti, to de " taut e$tin agaqa " yeudos ou gar
e$tin agaqa, alla to men agaqon to de kakon.
13 kai to taut e$ti kaka palin yeudos ou gar
e$ti kaka, alla to eteron autwn- w$autws de kai
e'pi twn adiaforwn yeudos gar to " taut e$tin
adiafora, w$per kai to taut e$tin agaqa h
kaka. h men oun en$ta$is toiauth pws kaqe$th-
14 ken, fainetai de mh kaqapte$qai tou Xenokratous
dia to mh' tais plhquntikais ptw$e$i kecrh$qai,
w$t epi ths twn eterogenwn deixews yeudopoih-
qhnai thn diaire$in.
15 Alloi de kakeinws ene$th$an pa$a ga'r,
fa$in, ugihs diaire$is genous e$ti tomh eis ta
pro$ech eidh, kai dia touto mocqhra kaqe$thken h
toiauth diaire$is twn anqrwpwn oi men ei$in
Elahnes oi de Aigu'ptioi oi de Per$ai oi de 'Indoi
tw gar eterw9 twn pro$ecwn eidwn ou to $uzugoun
kai pro$eces eidos antidiezeuktai, alla ta toutou
eidh, deon outws eipein twn anqrwpwn oi men
ei$in "Ellhnes oi de barbaroi, kai kaq' upodi-
aire$in loipon twn barbarwn oi men ei$in Aigu-
16 ptioi oi de Per$ai oi de 'Indoi-" oper kai epi ths
kai kaka, diaferonta e$tin hmin, o$a de metaxu
twn te agaqwn kai kakwn, taut e$tin h'min adia-
fora ecrhn oun mh outws ecein thn diaire$in ws
ecei, mallon d ekeinws twn ontwn a men e$tin
a'diafora a de diaferonta, twn de diaferontwn a
17 men agaqa a de kaka." ew9'kei gar h' men toiauth
diaire$is th9 aegou$h9 " twn anqrwpwn oi men ei$in
Ellhnes oi de barbaroi, twn de barbarwn oi men
Aiguptioi oi de Per$ai oi de Indoi h de ekkei-
menh wmoiwto th9 toioutotropw9 twn anqrwpwn
oi men ei$in Ellhnes oi de Aiguptioi oi de Per$ai
oi de 'Indoi."
'Alla peri men toutwn twn en$ta$ewn ouk
18 anagkh nun mhkunein, ekeino d i$ws armo$ei
prodiarqrw$ai oti to e$ti duo $hmainei, kai en men
to oion uparcei, kaqo famen epi tou parontos to
oti h'mera e$tin anti tou hmera uparcei, eteron de
to oion fainetai, kaqo tines twn maqhmatikwn
eiwqa$i aegein pollakis oti to metaxu duoin tinwn
a$terwn dia$thma phcuaion e$tin, en i$w9 legontes
tw fainetai kai ou pantws uparcei taca gar
uparcei men $tadiwn ekaton, fainetai de phcuaion
para to uyos kai para thn ths oyews apo$ta$in-
19 dittou dh tugcanontos tou e$ti moriou, otan
legwmen $keptikws twn ontwn ta men e$tin
agaqa ta de kaka ta de metaxu toutwn, to eotin
entattomen ouc ws uparxews all' ws tou faine-
$qai dhlwtikon peri men gar ths pros thn fu$in
upo$ta$ews twn te agaqwn kai kakwn kai oude-
terwn ikanoi pws ei$in h'min agwnes pros tous
20 dogmatikous kata de to fainomenon toutwn eka-
$ton ecomen eqos agaqon h kakon h adiaforon
pro$agoreuein, kaqaper kai o Timwn en tois
indalmois eoike dhloun, otan fh9
mhuqon a'lhqeihs orqon ecwn kanona,
ws zh9 tou qeiou te fu$is kai ta'gaqou aiei,
e'x wn i$otatos ginetai andri bios-
Keimenhs oun kata ton upodedeigmenon tropon
ths proeirhmenhs diaire$ews, idwmen a crh fronein
peri twn en auth9, th'n archn twn logwn apo ths
e'nnoias poih$amenoi
B.---TI ESTI TO ATAQON KAI KAKON KAI ADIAFOPON
21 Ths kata ton topon ceirizomenhs h'min pros tous
dogmatikous antirrh$ews to kuriwtaton meros
e'cou$hs en th9 diagnw$ei twn te agaqwn kai kakwn,
pro pantos armo$ei th'n epinoian tou wn $i
kata gar ton $ofon Epikouron oute zhtein e$tin
22 oute aporein aneu prolh'yews oi men oun $twikoi
twn koinwn ws eipein ennoiwn ecomenoi orizontai
tagaqon tropw9 twde agaqon e$tin wfeleia h ouc
eteron wfeleias," wfeleian men legontes thn
a'rethn kai thn $poudaian praxin, ouc eteron de
wfeleias ton $poudaion anqrwpon kai ton filon.
23 h' me'n gar areth' pws econ h'gemonikon kaqe$thkuia,
kai h $poudaia praxis energeia tis ou$a koit'
a'reth'n, antikrus e$tin wfeleia- o de $poudaios
anqrwpos kai o filos, palin twn agaqwn ontes kai
autoi, oute wfeleia aecqeien an uparcein ouq'
24 eteroi wfeleias di' aitian toiauthn. ta gar merh,
$twikwn fa$i paides, oute ta auta tois olois e$tin
oute eteroia twn olwn, oion h' ceir oute h auth
e$tin olw9 anqrwpw9, ou gar olos anqrwpos e$tin
h' ceir, oute etera tou olou, $un gar th9 [olh9]
ceiri olos o anqrwpos noeitai anqrwpos. epei oun
kai tou $poudaiou anqrwpou kai tou filou meros
e$tin h areth, ta de merh oute tauta tois olois
e$tin oute etera twn olwn, eirhtai o $poudaios
anqrwpos kai o filos ouc eteros wfeleias- wot-e
pan agaqon tw orw9 emperieilhfqai, ean te ex
euqeias wfeaeia tugcanh9 ean te mh h9 eteron wfe-
25 leias- enqen kai kata akolouqian tricws eipontes
agaqon pro$agoreue$qai, eka$ton twn $hmaino-
me'nwn kat idian palin epibolhn upografou$in-
legetai gar agaqon, fa$i, kaq ena men tropon to
uf' ou h af' ou e$tin wfelei$qai, o dh arci-
kwtaton uphrce kai areth- apo gar tauths wopeo
26 tinos phghs pa$a pefuken ani$cein wfeleia. kaq'
eteron de to kaq o $umbainei wfelei$qai- outws ou,
monon ai aretai aecqh'$ontai agaqa alla kai ai
kat autas praxeis, eiper kai kata tautas $um-
27 bainei wfelei$qai- kata de ton triton kai teleu-
taion tropon aegetai agaqon to oion te wfeaein,
e'mperiaambanou$hs th-s apodo$ews tauths tas te
aretas kai tas enaretous praxeis kai tous filous
kai tous $poudaious anqrwpous, qeous te kai
28 $poudaious daimonas- par hn aitian ouk en
i$w9 aegetai para te tois peri ton Paatwna kai
Xenokrath pollacws onomaze$qai tagaqon kai
para tois otwikois9 ekeinoi men gar otan fw$in
eterws lege$qai agaqon thn idean kai eterws to
metecon ths ideas, $hmainomena ektiqentai kai kata
polu allh'lwn die$twta kai mhdemian econta
koinwnian, oion ti kai epi ths kuwn fwnhs qew -
29 roumen- ws gar ek tauths $hmainetai men ptw$is
uf hn to ulaktikon peptwke zwon, kai eti uf, n
to enugron, kai pros toutois uf hn o filo$ofos,
ou mhn alla kai uf hn to a$tron, ouden de koinon
ecou$in ai toiautai ptw$eis, oud emperiecetai th9
deutera h prwth kai thi h dentera, outw kan
tw fanai agaqon th'n idean kai to metecon ths
ideas ekqe$is men e$ti $hmainomenwn, kecwri -
$menwn de kai oudemian perilhyin emfainontwn.
30 all oi men arcaioteroi, ws proeipon, toioutoi tines
h$an oi d' apo ths $toas qeaou$in epi ths tou
agaqou pro$hgorias to deuteron $hmainomenon
emperilhptikon einai tou prwtou kai to triton
perilhptikon twn duoin- h$an de oi fa$kontes
a'gaqon uparcein to di' auto aireton oi d' outws
" agaqon e$ti to $ullambanomenon pros eudai-
monian," tines de " to $umpahrwtikon eudaimonias-
eudaimonia de e$tin, ws oi te peri ton Zhnwna kai
Kleanqhn kai Xru$ippon apedo$an, euroia biou-
Plhn to men genos ths tou agaqou apodo$ews
31 e'$ti toiouton eiwqa$i d enioi, tricws legomenou
tagaqou, pros ton tou prwtou $hmainomenou oron
euqus epizhtein, [kaqo aegei " to agaqon e$ti to
alhqeiais agaqon e$ti to af' ou e$tin wfelei$qai,
monhn rhteon thn genikh'n arethn agaqon uparcen
(a'po monhs gar tauths $umbainei to wfelei$qai),
ekpiptein de tou orou eka$thn twn eidikwn, oion
thn fronh$in kai thn $wfro$unhn kai tas loipas-
32 ap oudemias gar autwn $umbainei [to] auto touto
w'felein, all apo men ths fronh'$ews to fronein
kai ou koinoteron to wfeaein (ei gar auto touto
$umbainoi, to wfelein, ouk e$tai wri$menws fro-
nh$is, genikh d areth)' kai apo ths $wfro$unhs
to kat authn kathgorhma, $wfronein, ou to koinon,
33 wfelein, kai epi twn loipwn to analogon. oi
d' antikaqi$tamenoi pros touto to egklhma touto
fa$in otan legwmen agaqon e$tin af' ou $um-
bainei to wfelei$qai," en i$w9 touto legomen tw
agaqon e$tin af ou $umbainei ti twn en tw biw9
wfeaei$qai." outw gar kai eka$th twn ep eidous
aretwn agaqon genh$etai, koinws men to wfelein
mh e'piferou$a, ti de twn en tw biw9 wfeaei$qai
parecomenh, oion h men fronein' kaqaper h' fro'-
34 nh$is, h de [to] $wfronein, ws h $wfro$unh- qe-
lh$antes de outoi ws apoaogoumenoi to proteron
egklhma fugein, eis eteron apekuli$qh$an ei gar
e$ti to aegomenon toiouto " agaqon e$tin af' ou
$umbainei ti twn en tw biw9 wfelei$qai," h' genikh
areth agaqon ou$a ouc upope$eitai tw orw9 ou gar
ap' auths $umbainei ti twn en tw biw9 wfeaei$qai,
epei mia twn ep' eidous genh$etai, ala aplws to
wfeaei$qai-
35 Kai etera de eiwqe lege$qai pros tous toioutous
orous, dogmatikhs ecomena periergias hmin de
apocrh apodeixai oti o aegwn agaqon to wfeloun
h to di auto aireton h to $unergoun pros endai-
monian, h outw pws apodidous, ouc o e$tin agaqon
dida$kei, alaa to $umbebhkos autw pari$th$in.
o de to $umbebhkos tagaqw pari$tas ouk auto
deiknu$i tagaqon- euqews goun to men oti w'felei
tagaqon kai to oti aireton e$ti, paro agaqon
eirhtai to oion aga$ton, oti te eudaimonias eoti
36 poihtikon, pantes $ugcwrou$in all ean pro$-
exetazhtai ti pote e$ti touto to wfeloun kai di
auto aireton kai eudaimonias poihtikon, ouketi
omofronh$ou$i, kaiper $umfwnws proteron auto
legontes to wfeloun kai to aireton, all eis
a$pei$ton exenecqh$ontai polemon, tou men aret n
legontos tou d' h'donhn tou d' alupian tou d' allo
37 ti twn diaferontwn ei de ge ek twn proeirh-
menwn orwn edeiknuto o e$ti to agaqon ouk an
epe$ta$iazon ws agnooumenhs ths tagaqou fu$ew s.
toinun ouc o e$ti to agaqon oi ekkeimenoi oroi
dida$kou$in, aala to $umbebhkos tagaqw9 . dioter
oude kata touto monon ei$i mocqhroi, aala kai
38 kaqo$on adunatou tinos efientai pragmatos- o ar
agnown ti twn ontwn, outos oude to $umbebhkos
ekeinw9 ginw$kein dunatai oion o pros ton ag-
noounta ti e$tin ippos legwn ippos e$ti zwon
mh ginw$konti ton ippon kai to cremetizein ag-
noeitai, oper hn tou ippou $umbebhkos. kai o
pros ton mh' kateilhfota ti e$ti bous profero-
m os bo s e$ti zwon mukhtikon ou pari$th$i
talhpteitai kai to muka$qai, $umbebhkos uparcon
39 tou boos. oukoun kai pros ton anennohton onta
tagaqou mathn kai anwfelws aegetai oti agaqon
e$ti to aireton h to wfeloun- prwton gar dei
maqein thn autou tou agaqou fu$in, eita tote
$unienai oti wfelei kai oti aireton e$ti kai eudai -
monias poihtikon ep agnooumenh9 de tauth9 kai oi
toioutoi twn orwn ou dida$kou$i to zhtoumenon-
40 Deigmatos men oun carin aparke$ei taut eirh-
$qai peri ths tagaqou noh$ews- ex wn, ws oimai,
$afh tugcanei kai ta peri tou kakou tecnologou-
mena para tois eterodoxois. kakon gar e$ti to
e'nantion tw agaqw- oper blabh e$tin h ouc eteron
bla'bhs, kai blabh men w$per kakia kai h' faulh
praxis, ouc eteron de blabhs kaqaper o faulos
41 anqrwpos kai o e'cqros metaxu de toutwn' fhm
de tou te agaqou kai kakou, oper kai adiaforon
wnomazeto, e$ti to oudeterws econ tis d' hn h'
twn orwn toutwn dunamis kai tina rhteon pros tous
orous, ek twn peri tagaqou legomenwn pare$pi
maqein nun d' epi prokata$taqei$i toutois met-
eaqontes $keywmeqa ei w$per epinoeitai ti agaqon
kai kakon, outw kai pros thn fu$in uparkton
e$tin-
T----EI ESTI FUSEI ATAQON KAI KAKON
42 Oti men oun ou kekrathmenws upegrayan oi
dogmatikoi thn epinoian tou te agaqou kai kakou,
proteron epelogi$ameqa pros de to eucere$teron
$umperifere$qai tois peri ths uparxews autou
logois autarkes e$tin eipein ws ara pantes an-
qrwpoi, kaqaper elege kai o Ainh$idhmos, agaqon
hgoumenoi to airoun autous, opoion an pot' h,
macomenas ecou$i tas en eidei peri autou kri$eis-
43 kai on tropon $umfwnountes, ei tucoi, peri tou
einai tina $wmatikhn eumorfian peri ths eumorfou
kai kaahs gunaikos $ta$iazou$in, tou men Aiqio -
pos thn $imotathn kai melantathn prokrinontos,
tou de Per$ou thn grupotathn kai leukotathn
apodecomenou, alaou de thn me$hn kata te ton
carakthra kai kata thn croan pa$wn kolliona
44 legontos, ton auton tropon kai kata koinhn pro-
lhyin doxazontes einai ti agaqon kai kakon oi te
idiwtai kai oi filo$ofoi, agaqon men to airoun
autous kai wfeloun, kakon de to enantiws econ,
kat eidos pros allh'lous poaemou$in-
allos gar t' alloi$in anhr epiterpetai ergois,
kai kat Arcilocon
allos allw9 ep' ergw9 kardihn iainetai,
eige o men doxan a$pazetai o de paouton, allos
euexian, tis de h'donhn. kai epi twn filo$ofwn o
45 autos aogos oi men gar apo ths 'Akadhmias kai
tou peripatou tria genh fa$in einai twn agaqwn,
kai a men peri yuchn uparcein a de peri $wma a de
ektos yuchs te kai $wmatos, peri men oun yuchn
tas a'retas, peri de to $wma ugieian kai euexian
kai euai$qh$ian kai kallos kai pan o ths omoias
e'$tin ideas, ektos de yuchs kai $wmatos plouton
46 patrida goneis tekna filous, ta paraplh'$ia. oi
de apo ths $toas tria men genh twn agaqwn kai
autoi tugcanein elexan, ouc w$autws de toutwn
ga'r ta men peri yuch'n ta d' ektos ta de oute peri
yuchn oute ektos, exairountes to genos twn peri to
$wma agaqwn ws mh' agaqwn kai dh' peri men
yuchn einai fa$i tas aretas kai tas $poudaias
praxeis, ektos de einai ton te filon kai ton $pou-
daion anqrwpon kai ta $poudaia tekna kai goneis
kai ta omoia, oute de peri yuch'n oute ektos auton
ton $poudaion anqrwpon ws pros eauton oute gar
e'ktos eautou dunaton einai auton oute peri yuchn-
47 ek gar yuchs kai $wmatos $une$thken ei$i de o i
to$outon apecontes tou exairein to genos twn peri
$wmati agaqwn ws kai en autois to arcikwtaton
a'polipein agaqon opoioi ei$in oi thn kata $arka
h'donhn a$pazomenoi- kai ina mh dokwmen nun epi
pleion ekteinein ton logon, pari$tantes oti a$um-
fwnos e$ti kai macome'nh h peri agaqou te kai
kakou twn anqrwpwn kri$is, epi enos upodeigmatos
poih$omeqa th'n ufh'gh$in, kaqaper ths ugeias,
e'pei kai $unhqe$teros e$tin hmin o peri auths
logos.
48 Oukoun thn ugeian oi men nomizou$in agaqon einai
oi d ouk a'gaqon, kai twn agaqon upolambanontwn
oi men megi$ton agaqon tauthn eaexan oi d' ou
megi$ton, kai twn ouk agaqon eipontwn oi men
a'diaforon prohgoumenon, oi de adiaforon men, ou
49 prohgoumenon de. agaqon men oun, kai touto
prwton, eirhka$i thn ugeian ouk oligoi twn te
poihtwn kai twn $uggrafewn kai kaqolou pantes
oi apo tou biou Simwnidhs men gar o melopoios
fh$i mhde kalas $ofias einai carin, ei mh tis ecoi
$emnhn ugeian Likumnios de proeipwn tauta
aiparommate, mater uyi$ta qronwn
$emnwn 'Apollwnos ba$ileia poqeina',
praugelws ugeia,
poion uyhlon epiferei-
tis gar paoutou caris h tokhwn
h tas i$odaimonos anqrwpou ba$ilhidos arcas;
$eqen de cwris ou tis eudaimwn efu-
50 'Hrofilos de en tw diaithtikw kai $ofian fhoin
a'nepideikton kai tecnhn adhlon kai i$cun an-
agwni$ton kai paouton acreion kai logon adunaton
51 u'geias apou$hs aal' outoi men outws agaqon
d elpan authn uparcein, ou mhn kai prwton, oi te
a'po ths Akadhmias kai oi apo tou peripatou-
dein gar upelabon eka$tw9 twn agaqwn thn oikeian
taxin te kai axian aponemein enqen kai o Krantwr
eis emfa$in tou legomenou boulomenos h'mas agein
52 panu carienti $unecrh$ato paradeigmati ei gar
noh$aimen, fh$i, koinon ti twn Panellhnwn qea-
tron, eis touto te eka$ton twn agaqwn parion kai
twn prwteiwn antipoioumenon hkein, euqus kai eis
ennoian anacqh$omeqa ths en tois agaqois dia-
53 foras prwton men gar o ploutos paraphdh'$as
erei " e'gw, w andres Panealhnes, ko$mon parecwn
pa$in anqrwpois kai tas e$qhtas kai tas upode$eis
kai thn allhn apolau$in creiwdhs eimi no$ou$i kai
ugiainou$i, kai en men eirh'nh9 parecw ta terpna,
54 en de polemois neura twn praxewn ginomai." tou-
twn gar dh twn logwn akou$antes oi Panellhnes
omoqumadon keleu$ou$in apodounai ta prwteia tw-
ploutw9 all' ean toutou hdh anakhruttomenou
epi$ta$a h' h'donh,
th9 eni men filoths, eni d' imeros, en d' oari$tus,
parfa$is, h t ekleye noon puka per froneonton,
55 legh9 de eis me$on kata$ta$a oti authn dikaion
e$tin anagoreuein
(o gar oabos ou bebaios, ala' efh'meros
exiptat' oikwn, mikron anqh$as cronon,
diwketai te pros twn anqrwpwn ou di eauton alla
thn ex autou periginomenhn apolau$in kai h'donhn) ,
pantws oi Panellhnes, ouk aalws ecein to pragma
h outws upoaabontes, kekraxontai dein th'n h'donhn
56 $tefanoun alla kai tauths to brabeion fere$qai
melaou$hs, ephn ei$ballh9 h ugeia meta twn $un-
e'drwn auth9 qewn, kai dida$kh9 ws oute hdonhs oute
ploutou ofeaos ti e$tin apou$hs auths
(ti gar me paoutos wfelei no$ounta ge;
mikr' an qeloimi kai kaq' h'meran ecwn
alupon oikein bioton h ploutwn no$ein),
57 akou$antes palin oi Panellhnes kai katalabontes
ws ouk ene$ti klinopeth kai no$ou$an upo$thnai
thn eudaimonian, fh$ou$i nikan thn u'geian alla
kai ths ugeias hdh nikw$hs, epan ei$elqh9 h' andria
polu $tifos ari$tewn kai h'rwwn ecou$a peri
58 eauth'n, kata$ta$a te legh9 " emou mh parou$hs,
w andres Ellhnes, allotria ginetai h kth$is twn
par' umin agaqwn, euxainto t an oi polemioi
periou$iazein umas pa$i tois agaqois ws mellh-
$ontes umwn kratein, kai toutwn oun akou$antes
oi Ellhnes ta men prwteia th9 areth9 apodw$ou$ i
ta de deutereia th9 ugeia, ta de trita th9 hdonh9,
teleutaion de taxou$i ton plouton-
59 Kai dh o men Krantwr thn ugeian en deutera
moira etiqeto, $toicwn tois proeirhmenois filo-
$ofois ouk agaqon d' oi apo ths $toas elexan
authn all' adiaforon to adiaforon d' oiontai
lege$qai tricws, kaq ena men tropon pros o mhte
ormh mhte aformh ginetai, oion e$ti to perittous
h artious elnai tous a$teras h tas epi th9 kefalh9
60 tricas, kaq eteron de pros o ormh men kai a'formh
ginetai, ou mallon de pros tode h tode, oion epi
duoin dracmwn aparallaktwn tw te carakthri koi
th9 lamprothti, otan deh9 to eteron autwn airei-
$qai ormh men gar ginetai pros to eteron autwn
61 [airei$qai], ou mallon de pros tode h tode. kata
de trton kai teleutaion tropon fa$in adiaforon
to mh'te pros eudaimonian mh'te pros kakodaimonian
$ullambanomenon, kaq o $hmainomenon fa$i thn te
ugeian kai no$on kai panta ta $wmatika kai ta
plei$ta twn ektos adiafora tugcanein dia to mhte
pros euoaimovian mhte pros kakodaimonian $un-
teinein. w gar e$tin eu kai kakws crh$qai, tout
an eih adiaforon dia pantos d areth9 men kaaws,
kakia de kakws, ugeia de kai tois peri $wmati
pote men eu pote de kakws e$ti crh$qai, dio tant
62 an eih adiafora. hdh de twn adiaforwn fa$i
ta men einai prohgmena ta d' apoprohgmena ta
de mh'te prohgmena mh'te apoprohgmena, kai pro-
hgmena men einai ta ikanhn axian econta, apo-
prohgmena de ta ikanhn apaxian econta, mhte de
prohcqai mhte apoprohcqai oion to ekteinai h
$ugkamyai ton daktulon kai pan o toutw9 para-
63 plh$ion e$tin tatte$qai d en men tois prohg-
me'nois th'n te ugeian kai thn i$cun kai to kallos
plouton te kai doxan kai ta eoikota, en de tois
apoprohgmenois no$on kai penian kai alghdona kai
ta analoga. wde men kai oi apo ths $toas-
64 mh einai de prohgmenon adiaforon th'n ugeian kai
pan to kat authn paraplh$ion efh$en 'Ari$twn o
Cios. i$on gar e$ti to prohgmenon authn legein
adiaforon tw agaqon axioun, kai $cedon onomoti
65 monon diaferon- kaqolou gar ta metaxu areths
kai kakias a'diafora mh' ecein mhdemian poir-
allagh'n, mhde tina men einai fu$ei prohgmena tina
de apoprohgmena, alla para tas diaforous twn
kairwn peri$ta$eis, [[ws]] mhte ta aegomena pro-
hcqai pantws gine$qai prohgmena mhte ta aegomenoi
apoprohcqai kat anagkhn uparcein apoprohg-
66 mena ean goun deh9 tous men ugiainontas uphretein
tw turannw9 kai dia touto anairei$qai, tous de
no$ountas apoluomenous ths uphre$ias $unapo-
lue$qai kai ths anaire$ews, eloit' an mallon o
$ofos to no$ein kata touton ton kairon h [oti] to
ugiainein kai tauth9 oute h' ugeia prohgmenon eo'ti
67 pantws oute h no$os apoprohgmenon w$per oun
en tais onomatografiais allot aaaa protattomen
$toiceia, pros tas diaforous peri$ta$eis artizo-
menoi, kai to men delta ote to tou Diwnos onoma
gra'fomen, to de iwta ote to tou Iwnos, to de w
ote to tou wriwnos, ou th9 fu$ei eterwn para ta
etera grammata prokrinomenwn, twn de kairwn
touto poiein anagkazontwn outw kan toi etaxu
a'reths kai kakias pragma$in ou fu$ikh tis ginetai
eterwn par etera prokri$is, kata peri$ta$in de
mallon.
Alla gar ek toutwn a$umfwnou deicqeiahs kai
upodeigmatikwteron ths peri twn agaqwn te kai
kakwn eti de adiaforwn prolh'yews, deh$ei aoipon
kai twn para tois $keptikois eis to prokeimenon
69 legomenwn efapte$qai. ei toinun e$ti ti fuoei
a'gaqon kai e$ti ti fu$ei kakon, touto ofeilei
koinon einai pantwn kai pa$in uparcein agaqon h'
kakon w$per gar to pur fu$ei aleantikon kaq-
e$tws pantas aleainei kai ouc ous men aaeainei
ous de yucei, kai on tropon h ciwn <fu$ei]] yu-
cou$a ouci tous men yucei tous de aleainei, pantas
d' omoiws yucei, outw to fu$ei agaqon pa$in
ofeilei tugcanein agaqon kai ouci tois men agaqon
70 tois d' ouk agaqon paro kai o Platwn $uni$tas
oti fu$ei agaqon e$tin o qeos, apo twn omoiwn
e'pikeceirhken ws gar qermou, fh$in, idion e$ti
to qermainein kai yucrou idion e$ti to yucein,
outw kai agaqou idion e$ti to agaqopoiein ta-
gaqon de ge o qeos idion ara e$ti qeou to agaqo-
71 poiein w$te ei e$ti ti fu$ei agaqon, touto pros
apantas e$tin agaqon, kai ei e$ti ti fu$ei kakon,
touto pros apantas e$ti kakon ouden de koinon
pantwn e$tin agaqon h kakon, ws para$th$omen
72 ouk ara e$ti ti fu$ei agaqon h kakon. htoi gar
pan to upo tinos doxazomenon agaqon r'hteon tais
alhqeiais agaqon, h ou pan kai pan men ou rh-
teon ei gar pan to upo tinos doxazomenon agaqon
aegoimen agaqon, epei tauton upo eterou doxazetai
kakon kai upo alaou agaqon kai upo diaferontos
[doxazetai] adiaforon, dw$omen to auto ama kai
73 kakon kai agaqon kai adiaforon uparcein. oion
thn h'donhn o men 'Epikouros agaqon einai fh$in,
o de eipwn " maneihn malaon h h$qeihn kakon, oi
de apo ths $toas adiaforon kai ou prohgmenon,
alla Kleanqhs men mhte kata fu$in authn einai
mh'te axian ecein [authn] en tw biw9, kaqaper de to
kalluntron kata fu$in mh' einai, o de 'Arcedhmos
kata fu$in men einai ws tas en ma$calh9 tricas,
ouci de kai axian ecein, Panaitios de tina mei
74 kata fu$in uparcein tina de para fu$in ei dh
toinun pan to tini fainomenon agaqon, touto pantws
e$tin agaqon, epei h hdonh tw men 'Epikourw9
fainetai agaqon tini de twn kunikwn kakon tw d
a'po ths $toas adiaforon, e$tai h hdonh agaqon
ama kai kakon kai adiaforon- ouci de ge dunato-i
th9 fu$ei to auto ta enantia tugcanein, agaqon ama
kai kakon kai adiaforon- ouk ara pan to tini
fainomenon agaqon h kakon, touto rhteon einai
75 agaqon h kakon ei de [[ou pan]] to tini
fainomenon agaqon kai panth9 e$tin agaqon, ofei-
lomen katalhptikoi einai kai diakrinein dunaaqa i
th'n en tois doxazomenois agaqois diaforan, w$te
legein to men tw9de doxazomenon agaqon tais alh-
qeiais einai agaqon, to de twde doxazomenon men
76 agaqon, oukei de th9 fu$ei agaqon htoi oun di
e'nargeias tauthn thn diaforan lambane$qai $um-
bebhken h dia logou tinos alla di' enargeias
amh'canon pan gar to di' enargeias pro$pipton
koinws te kai $umfwnws lambane$qai pefuken upo
twn aparapodi$tous econtwn tas antilhyeis, ws
paron idein epi pantwn $cedon twn fainomenown-
ou'ci de ge $umfwnws to auto pa$in agaqon einai
legetai, alla tois men areth kai to metecon areths,
tois de hdonh', tois de alupia, ti$i d' allo ti ouk
ara enargws pro$piptei pa$i to ontws agaqon-
77 ei de logw9 lambanetai, epei eka$tos pantwn
twn kata diaforous aire$eis ko$moumenwn idion
ecei logon, kai allon men Zh'nwn, di' ou thn arethn
agaqon einai dedoxaken, allon d' 'Epikouros, di
ou thn hdonh'n, ou ton auton de 'Ari$totelhs, di'
ou thn ugeian, idion palin eka$tos ei$hgh'$etai
agaqon, oper ouk hn th9 fu$ei agaqon, oude koinon
78 pantwn. toinun ouden e$ti fu$ei agaqon ei gar
to men idion eka$tou ouk e$tin agaqon pantwn oude
fu'$ei, para de to idion eka$tou agaqon ouden e$ti
$umfwnws agaqon, ouden e$tin agaqon-
79 Kai mh'n ei e$ti ti agaqon, touto kata ton idion
aogon aireton ofeilei tugcanein, epei pas anqrwpos
aireitai toutou tugcanein w$per kai to kakon
fugein ouden de ge aireton e$ti kata ton idion
logon [ws aireton], kaqaper deixomen ouk ara
80 ti e$tin agaqon. ei gar e$ti ti kata ton idion
aogon aireton, htoi auto to airei$qai aireton
e$tin h eteron ti para touto, oion htoi to airei-
$qai ton paouton aireton e$tin h autos o ploutos
81 airetos e$tin kai auto men to airei$qai ouk an
eih aireton ei gar aireton e$ti kata ton idion
aogon to airei$qai, ouk ofeilomen $poudazein
tucein ouper airoumeqa, ina mh ekpe$wmen tou
eti airei$qai w$per gar [[feukteon]] to pinein
h e'$qiein, ina mh piontes h fagontes ekpe$wmen
tou eti qelein to pinein h e$qiein, outws ei to
airei$qai plouton h u'geian aireton e$tin, ouk
ecrhn h'mas diwkein ton paouton h th'n ugeian inoi
mh tucontes autwn ekpe$wmen tou eti airei$qai-
82 diwkomen de ge thn teuxin autwn ouk ara aireton
e'$ti to airei$qai, feukton de malaon kai on
tropon o erwn $peudei tucein ths erwmenhs inoi
epeigetai piein, ina fugh9 thn en tw diyhn ba$anon,
wde kai o en tw airei$qai plouton ocloumenos
[kata to airei$qai] epeigetai tucein paoutou, ina
83 apallagh9 tou ti airei$qai ei d eteron ti
e'$ti to aireton par auto to airei$qai, htoi tw
kecwri$menwn e$tin h'mwn h twn peri h'mas ki
ei men kecwri$tai hmwn kai ektos e$tin, hto
$umbainei ti peri hmas ex autou h ouden $umboiin
oion apo tou filou h tou $poudaiou anqrwpou
teknou h allou tinos twn ektos einai legome'n
agaqwn h $umbainei ti peri hmas ex autou a$teio
kinhma kai apodekton kata$thma kai aga$to
pa'qos, h ouden $umbainei toiouton oude e$men e
diaforw9 kinhmati, ote aireton h'goumeqa ton fil
84 h to teknon. kai ei men ouden apaxaplws ginet
ti toiouton peri hmas, oud olws e$tai to ekp
aireton hmin. pws gar pros o akinh'tws diakeimeq
85 toutou oion te aire$in poiei$qai hmas; kai g
a9'llws, eiper to men carton nenohtai ek to
cairein hmas ap autou, to de auphron ek t
lupei$qai, to de agaqon ek tou aga$qai, akolou
qh'$ei, ex ou mh'te cara tis h'min egginetai mh-
aga$th diaqe$is mh'te a$meni$ton ti kinhma, e
86tou'tou mhde aire$in tina emfu'e$qai ei de gin
tai ti peri hmas apo tou ektos, oion tou filou
tou teknou, pro$hnes kata$thma kai a$meni$-
pa'qos, e$tai ou di' auton airetos o filos h t
teknon, dia de to pro$hnes touto kata$thma ki
a'$meni$ton paqos all' hn ge to toiouto kata
$thma ouk ektos alla peri h'mas ouden ara tu
87 ektos di' auto aireton e$tin h agaqon. k
mhn oude twn peri hmas e$ti to aireton ki
a'gaqon. h'toi gar $wmatikon e$ti touto mono
h yucikon alla $wmatikon men monon ouk
eih ei gar $wmatikon monon upokeoito ouke
de kai yucikon paqos, ekfeuxetai th'n gnwoin
hmwn (yuchs gar e$ti pa$a gnw$is) kai i$on e$tai
tois ektos upokeimenois kai mhdemian ecou$i pros
88 h'mas $umpaqeian ei de diateinou$an ecei thn
euare$th$in eis yuchn, e$tai kat auth'n aireton
kai agaqon, all' ou kaqo yilws $wmatikon e$ti
kinhma pan gar aireton kata ai$qh$in h noh$in
krinetai, ou kat alogon $wma all hge to
aireton lambanou$a ai$qh$is h dianoia yuchs
e'$ti [kata ton idion logon] ouden ara twn peri
$wma $umbainontwn di auto aireton e$ti kai
89 agaqon, all' ei ara, twn peri yuch'n, o palin eis
thn archqen kulietai aporian ths gar eka'$tou
dianoias a$umfwnous ecou$hs tas kri$eis pros thn
tou pelas, anagkh eka$ton to fainomenon autw
agaqon h'gei$qai ouk hn de to eka$tw9 fainomenon
agaqon fu$ei agaqon oude tauth9 toinun ti e$tin
a'gaqon-
900 d autos logos kai peri kakou dunamei gar
$unapodedotai th9 peri tou agaqou zhth'$ei,
prwton men oti [epei] tou eterou anairoumenon
$unanaireitai kai to eteron, ekateron gar kata
thn ws pros to eteron $ce$in nenohtai eito
epei kai prohgoumenws ene$ti to toiouton [[hmin
pari$tan, peira$omeqa]] palin epi eno's upo-
deigmatos kata$th$a$qai ton aogon, kaqaper ths
afro$unhs, hn monhn fa$in einai kakon oi apo
91 ths $toas ei gar fu$ei kakon e$tin h afro-
$unh, deh$ei, on tropon to qermon gnwrizetai oti
qermon e$ti fu$ei ek tou tous pro$pela$antas
autw9 qermaine$qai, kai to yucron ek tou yuce-
$qai, outw kai thn afro$unhn fu$ei kakon up-
arcou$an gnwrize$qai ek tou kakou$qai htoi oun
oi aegomenoi afrones kakountai upo ths afro-
92 $unhs h oi fronimoi. ala' oi men fronimoi ou'
kakountai ektos gar ei$i ths afro$unhs, upo de
tou mh parontos autois kakou alla kecwri$menou
ouk an kakwqeien ei de tous afronas kakoi h
afro$unh, htoi prodhaos autois ou$a kakoi autous
93 h adhlos kai adhaos men oudamws ei gar adhlos
e$tin autois, oude kakon oude feukton e$tin autois,
ala' ws thn mh fainomenhn luphn kai anepai$qhton
aaghdona oute feugei tis oute tara$$etai, wde
kai thn anupoptwton afro$unhn kai thn adhlou-
94 menhn oudeis ws kakon peri$th$etai ei de pro-
dh'lws autois ginw$ketai kai e$ti fu$ei kakon,
wfeilon oi afrones feugein authn ws fu$ei kakon.
ouci de ge oi afrones to legomenon upo twn
ektos afrainein ws prodhlon kakon feugou$in,
all' e-ka$tos thn men idian kri$in apodecetai
thn de tou to enantion doxazontos kakizei.
95 w$t oude prodhlos e$ti tois afro$in ws fu$ei
kakon h' a'fro$unh oqen eiper oute oi fronimoi
kakountai ti pros ths afro$unhs oute tois afro$i
feukton e$tin h' a'fro$unh, rhteon mh einai fu$ei
kakon thn a$roounhn ei de mh tauthn, oud' allo
ti twn legomenwn kakwn.
96 'Aaa' eiwqa$i tines twn apo ths Epikourou
aire$eos, pros tas toiautas aporias upantwntes
legein oti fu$ikws kai adidaktws to zwon feugei
men thn alghdona diwkei de thn hdonhn gennhqen
goun kai mhdepw tois kata doxan douleuon ama
tw r'api$qhnai a$unh'qei aeros yuxei eklau$e te
kai ekwku$en ei de fu$ikws orma men pros
hdonhn ekklinei de ton ponon, fu$ei feukton te'
97 e$tin autw o ponos kai aireton h hdonh' ou
$uneidon de oi tauta legontes to men prwton oti
kai tois atimotatois zwois metadidoa$i tagaqou,
pollh' gar metou$ia kakeinois e$tin h'donhs, eiq'
oti oude to kaqapax feukton e$tin o ponos kai
gar ponw9 praunetai ponos, kai u'geia eti de
tecnas te kai epi$thmas tas akribe$tatas
analambanou$in andres ou cwris ponou, w$t' ou
98 pantws fu$ei feukton o ponos kai mhn oude to
dokoun hdu fu$ei pantws aireton pollakis goun
ta kata thn prwthn empela$in h$tikws hmas
diatiqenta, tauta ek deuterou, kaiper onta ta
auta, ahdh nomizetai ws an tou hdeos ou fu$ei
ontos toioutou, alla para tas diaforous peri-
$ta$eis ote men outws ote d ekeinws kinountos
h'mas.
99 Nai, alla kai oi monon to kalon agaqon doxazon-
tes deiknu$qai nomizou$in oti fu$ei touto aireton
e'$ti kai apo twn alogwn zwwn orwmen gar,
fa$in, ws tina gennaia zwa, kaqaper tauroi kai9
al' ektruones, kaiper mhdemias autois upokeimenhs
teryews kai h'donhs diagwnizetai mecri qanatou-
100 kai twn anqrwpwn de oi uper patridos h gonewn
h teknwn eis anaire$in eautous epididontes ouK
an pote tout epoioun, mhdemias autois eapi-
zomenhs meta qanaton hdonhs, ei mh' fu$ikws to
kalon kai agaqon toutous te kai pan to gennaion
aei zwon epe$pato pros thn autou aire$in-
101 lelhqe de kai toutous oti telews e$tin euhqes to
nomizein ta proeirhmena twn zwwn ennoia tagaqou
mecri ths u$taths anapnohs diagwnize$qai. autwn
ga'r pare$tin akouein aegontwn oti h fronimh
diaqe$is monh blepei to kalon te kai agaqon,
h' de a'fro$unh tuflwttei peri thn toutou dia-
gnw$in, oqen kai o alektruwn kai o tauros mh
meteconta ths fronimhs diaqe$ews ouk an blepoi
102 to kaaon te kai agaqon. allws te, ei e$ti ti peri
ou diagwnizetai tauta ta zwa mecri qanatou,
touto ouk allo ti e$tin h to nikan kai to h'gei$qai.
e$q' ote de to nika$qai kai to upota$$e$qai
kallion e$tin, opou ge ekateron e$tin adiaforon.
ou toinun fu$ei agaqon e$tin all adiaforon to
103 nikan kai to h'gei$qai allws te ei faien koii
ton aaektruona h tauron h allo ti twn alkimwn
zwwn tou kalou efie$qai, poqen oti kai o anqrwpos
tou autou $tocazetai; ou gar en tw ekeina deixai
toutou pronooumena kai o anqrwpos toioutos wn
104 dedeiktai, epei toi ei oti tina twn zwwn alkima
e$ti kai katafronhtika men tou h'deos katex-
ana$tatika de twn alghdonwn, legetai kai o
anqrwpos pronoei$qai tou kalou, epei ta polla
licna e$ti kai ga$tros httona, toumpalin eroumen
kai ton anqrwpon tou h'deos maalon antipoiei$qoi.
105 ei de aegoien einai men tina zwa filhdona, ton
d' anqrwpon mh pantws toiouton uparcein, ana-
$treyantes kai hmeis eroumen, ouk ei tina twn
zwwn kata fu$ikon logon metadiwkei to kalon,
euqews kai o anqrwpos tou autou $tocazetai
106 telous allos de tis fh$ei perimachton einai
to nikan kai to h'gei$qai tois zwois [di' auto',
a'nqrwpw9 d'] ou di' auto, dia de th'n epakolou-
qou$an autw kata yuchn teryin kai ghqos, pro$-
hnes ti tugcanon kata$thma kai mallon ge
touto ep anqrwpwn e$tin upoaabein, ef' wn kai
timh' kai epainos kai dwreai kai doxai ikana e$tin
hdein kai diacein thn dianoian kai par auto touto
katexana$tatikhn authn twn ocahrwn parecein-
107 oqen kai oi mecri teleuths ari$teuontes kai uper
patridos eis anaire$in autous epididontes dia
tauthn i$ws thn aitian epandrws agwnizontai
kai qnh'$kou$in kai gar ei teleutw$i kai tou zhn
meqi$tantai, alla toi ge ote zw$in hdontai kai
108 gh'qontai pros tous epainous. eikos d e$tin
enious autwn kai pro$doxazontas oti meta
teaeuthn omoios autous epainos perimenei, proup-
ton airei$qai qanaton ouk apiqanon d' alaous
touto pa$cein blepontas oti du$upomenhta mallon
autois e$tai ta kata th'n zwh'n, qea$amenois
uias t' oalumenous eaku$qei$as te qu'gatras
kai qaaamous keraizomenous kai nhpia tekna
ballomena poti gaih9 en ainh9 dhiothti-
109 dia pollous oun tropous ton met eukaeias tines
airountai qanaton, kai ou dia to peri$pouda$ton
hgei$qai to para ti$i twn dogmatikwn qrulou-
menon kalon alla ta men peri toutwn epi
to$outon hporh'$qw-
D---EI UPOTEQENT TWN US AI
kai kakon autarkws e$keyameqa nuni de zhtwmen
kai ei $ugcwrhqentwn autwn dunaton e$tin eurows
ama kai eudaimonws bioun oi men oun dogmatikoi9
twn filo$ofwn oud' aalws fa$in h outws ecein-
o gar tucwn tou agaqou kat autous kai ekklinwn
to kakon, outos e$tin eudaimwn paro kai epi-
$th'mhn tina peri ton bion einai legou$i thn
fro'nh$in, diakritikhn men ou$an twn te agaqwn
111 kai kakwn, peripoihtikhn de ths eudaimonias- oic
d apo ths $keyews mhden eikh tiqentes h an-
airountes, apanq upo thn $keyin ei$agontes,
dida$kou$in ws tois men fu$ei agaqon kai kakon
upo$th$amenois akoaouqei to kakodaimonws bioun,
tois d' aori$tou$i kai epecou$i
rhi$th bioth pelei anqrwpoi$in-
112 kai touto maqoimen an mikron anwqen prolabontes-
Pa$a toinun kakodaimonia ginetai dia tina
tarach'n all' a kai pa$a tarach parepetai tois
anqrwpois htoi dia to ouvtonws tina diwkein
113 h kai dia to $untonws tina feugein- diwkou$i
de ge $untonws pantes anqrwpoi to doxazomenon
autois agaqon kai feugou$i to upo$taqen kakon-
pa$a ara kakodaimonia ginetai para to tagaqa
men diwkein ws agaqa ta de kaka feugein ws
kaka epei oun o dogmatikos pepi$teuken oti
tooe eoti fuoei agaqon kai tooe eoti fu$ei kakon
aei to men diwkwn to de feu'gwn, kai dia touto
114 tarattomenos, oudepote eudaimonh'$ei. htoi gar
pan o diwkei tis, tout euqus kai th9 fu$ei agaqon
e$ti, kai pan o feugei tis ws feukton, touto tw
onti toiouton e$tin h ti twn diwkomenwn e$tin
aireton, kai ou pan, kai ti twn feugomenow
feukton h en tw pros ti pws ecein e$ti tauta,
kai ws men pros tonde tod e$tin aireton h feukton,
ws de pros thn fu$in thn twn pragmatwn oute
aireton e$tin oute feukton, alaa nuni men aireton
115 nuni de feukton ei men oun pan to opw$oun
upo tinos diwkomenon upoqoito tis fu$ei agaqon
kai to feugomenon fu$ei feukton, abiwton exei
ton bion, anagkazomenos to auto diwkein ama kai
feu'gein, kai diwkein men h pros tinwn aireton
upeilhptai, feugein de paro$on eterois feukton
116 dedoxa$tai ei de pan men to diwkomenon h
feugomenon mh' aegoi aireton kai feukton, ti de
autwn aireton kai ti feukton, biw$etai men, ou
cwris de tarachs biw$etai dia pantos gar to
doxa$qen autw fu$ei tugcanein agaqon diwkwn
kai to upoahfqen kakon perii$tamenos oudepote
apallagh'$etai tarachs, alla kai mhpw draxa-
menos tagaqou dia thn tou tucein epiqumian
$fodrws taracqh'$etai, kai tucwn dia thn uper-
bolh'n ths caras h dia thn frouran tou kthqentos
117 oudepote hremh$ei o d autos aogos kai peri
kakou oute gar o ektos wn autou amerimnos e$tin,
ikanws poinhlatou$hs auton ths te kata to
feugein kai ths kata to profulatte$qai tarachs,
oute o en autw kaqe$tws pa--lan ecei twn ba$anwn,
$keptomenos pws an fugoi aipun oleqron-"
118 Ei de mh mallon tis legoi ti fu$ei aireton h
feukton mhde mallon feukton h aireton, eka$tou
twn upopiptontwn pros ti pws econtos kai kata
diaferontas kairous kai peri$ta$eis nuni men
airetou kaqe$twtos nuni de feuktou, biw$etai men
eudaimonws kai ataracws, mh'te ep agaqw9 ws
agaqw epairomenos mhte epi kakw tapeinoumenos,
to men kat anagkhn $umbainon gennikws decomenos,
tou de kata doxan oclhrou, kaq hn kakon ti par-
einai h agaqon doxazetai, eleuqeroumenos touto
mhn autw pare$tai ek tou mhden fu$ei agaqon
h kakon doxazein ouk ara ene$tin eudaimonws
bioun fu$ei agaqa tina h kaka upo$th$amenon-
119 Kai mhn to tinos kakou poihtikon, touto pantws
e$ti feukton ws kai [[to]] kakon- oion ei h
a'lghdwn e$ti kakon, pantws kai to poihtikon ths
alghdonos epi$u$th$etai th9 alghdoni feukton on
kai ei o qanatos twn kakwn e$tin, e$tai kai to
qanatoun twn kakwn ama kai feuktwn toinun kai
koinws, ei to kakon feukton e$tin, ex anagkhs kai
to poihtikon tou kakou feukton e$tai kai kakon.
120ta de legomena ti$i fu$ei agaqa kai kakwn
e$ti poihtika, ws didaxomen dunamei ara kaxa'
e'$ti ta upo tinwn aegomena agaqa, kai dia touto
kakodaimonias tugcanei aitia- dia gar dh ta toi-
auta agaqa panta e$ti ta kaka, fiaarguria te
kai filodoxia kai fiaoneikia kai filhdonia Kai
121 ta9lla opo$a toutois emferh e$tin- eka$tos gar
twn anqrwpwn to doxa$qen upo autou agaqon
te kai aireton $untonws diwkwn kai meta $fodrou
pei$matos aelhqotws eis th'n agciquron kakian
empiptei- oion (e$tai gar to legomenon $afes
122 twn oikeiwn hmin teqentwn upodeigmatwn) o men
ton plouton agaqon einai proeiahfws ofeilei
panta e$peu$menws poiein eis to tucein ton
ploutou, kai eka$tote pros eauton to kwmikon
anameaetan paraggelma,
e d ' e ai kai qerous kai ceimwnos,
kai to tragikon apodece$qai,
w cru$e, dexiwma kalli$ton brotois-
to de ge panta poiein eis to ploutou tucein onk
allo ti e$tin h filargurein- o ara ton plouton
megi$ton agaqon indallomenos en tw $peudein eti
123 touton ginetai filarguros- palin o th'n doxan
airethn upotiqemenos $untonws efietai ths doxhs,
to de $untonws efie$qai ths doxhs e$ti filodoxein
to ara thn doxan aireton kai fu$ei agaqon upo-
tiqe$qai megalou kakou tinos gennhtikon e$ti
124ths filodoxias- kai epi ths h'donhs de tauton
eurh'$omen- tois gar epi thn teuxin auths $peu
dou$in anagkh [[exin]] tina mocqhran $unexako-
louqein, thn fiahdonian- w$te ei to poihtiko
twn kakwn kakon e$ti, dedeiktai de ta doxa$qenta
ti$i twn filo$ofwn agaqa pantwn twn kakwn
poihtika, rhteon ta ti$i doxa$qenta agaqa th=
Sunamei tugcanein kaka.
126 Kai mh'n oude ene$ti legein tois ex enantias os
kata men thn diwxin autwn kai thn ep auta
ormh' n pare$ti ti tois ormw$i kai diwkou$i kaKon
oion tw men ton paouton metionti h filarguria
tw de th'n doxan h filodoxia, tw d allo ti aaloia
tis tarach, kata de thn teuxin autwn apallag
ginetai twn taracwn kai anapauaa ths proteron
126 oclh'$ews- o gar tucwn tou ploutou ouket
$untonws epizhtei ton plouton, kai o aabomenos
ths h'dophs lu$ei to $untonon ths peri auth
$poudhs- kaqaper oun ta krhmnobatounta twn
zwwn uper tou piein di' aaghdonos ietai epi th
h'donhn kai ama tw kore$qhnai pauetai twn prin
mo'cqwn, outw kai o anqrwpos en men tw epeige$qa
pros to agaqon ex anagkhs ocleitai, tucwn de ou=
127 epoqei kai th-s oclh'$ews apallattetai. o
dh dunaton einai famen tauta legein, oud' outws
ecein to pragma- kan gar tucw$i twn nomi
zomenwn autois agaqwn, $unecontai kai epi-
lupountai maaaon, oti ou monoi tauta ecou$in
$un toutw9 gar tagaqa timia kai perimachta
nomizou$i, $un tw monoi tauta kekth$qai, di
kai zhlos autois emfuetai pros tous pelas kail
ba$kania kai fqonos- w$te kai thn diwxin tw
legomenwn uparcein agaqwn ouk atalaipwron
einai, kai thn perikth$in paeionwn kakwn uparcein
128 epi$u$ta$in- palin te kai peri autwn twn
kakwn o autos e$ti logos- proeiahfws gar tis
einai tina fu$ei kaka, kaqaper adoxian penian
phrw$in alghdona no$on, koinws afro$unhn, ou
monois ocaeitai toutois alla kai pampahqe$in
129 alois tois di' auta kakois- parontwn men gar
autwn ceimazetai ouc up autwn monon alla Kai
ths peri autwn doxhs, kaq' hn pepi$teuken oti
kakon autw9 pare$tin, kai ws upo meizonos kakou
porqeitai ths toiauths prolh'yews- mh' parontwn
 de omoiws ouk anapauetai, all htoi proMuaQt -
tomenos to meaaon h dediws $unoikon ecei thn
130 merimnan- aogou de para$th$antos oti ouden
toutwn fu$ei e$tin agaqon h fu$ei kakon, lu$is
e$tai ths tarachs kai eirhnaios h'mas ekdexetai
bios-
'Alaa gar oti men dia ta doxazomena ti$in
a'gaqa plhqos epi$umbainei kakwn kai dia ta kaka
etera ginetai kaka, ws carin autwn anefikton
gine$qai th'n eudaimonian, ek twn eirhmenwn
131 $umfanes- akolouqws de upodeikteon oti oud el
bohqeias endecetai tucein dia th-s dogmatikhs
poreuomenous filo$ofias- upokeimenou gar tinos
fu'$ei agaqou h fu$ei kakou, o paramuqoumenos
ton tara$$omenon epi tw $untonws diwkein
tagaqon ws agaqon h $fodrws feu'gein to kakon
ws kakon kata$tellei thn tarachn htoi touto
legwn, oti kaqhkon e$ti mhte tagaqon diwkein
132 mhte to kakon feugein, h touto pari$tas oti tde
me'n to diwkomenon up autou eaaci$thn ecei
meizona, kai armozei auto meterce$qai, oion elat-
tona men ecei axian o ploutos meizona de h' a et
kai ouk ekeinon alla tauthn diwkteon, h oti
touto men oligwfeles on pollas ecei tas oclh$eis,
touto de poluwfeles kaqe$tws oligas ecei tas
133 oclh$eis- alla to men legein oti oute tagaqoln
oikeion e$ti $untonws diwkein oute to kakon
feugein, para thn twn dogmatikwn axiw$in e$tin,
a'ei pote thn ekloghn kai apekloghn toutwn tas
134 te aire$eis kai fugas qrulountwn- to de fanai
tode men mh dein diwkein ws tapeinon, epi tode d
epeige$qai ws lamproteron, andrwn hn ouk apo-
luontwn thn tarachn alla metagwghn tauths
poioumenwn- ws gar to prwton diwkwn tas
w'caeito, outw kai to deuteron diwkwn tis oclh-
135 qh$etai, w$te no$on anti nooou poiein ton tou-
filo$ofou logon, epeiper ton epi plouton h doxan
h ugeian ws agaqon ormwnta apo$trefwn eis -ro
mh tauta diwkein alla to kalon, ei tucoi, kai th
arethn, ouk eleuqeroi ths diwxews all' ef eteran
136metatiqh$i diwxin- ws oun o iatros anairw
men pleuritin poiwn de peripneumonian, h ana-
$keuazwn men frenitin antei$agwn de lh'qargon
ouk apallattei ton kindunon all enallattei,
outw kai o filo$ofos eteran tarachn anq' etera
137 ei$hgou'menos ou bohqei tw tarattomenw9- ou yaj
ene$ti legein oti h men antei$agomenh tarac
metrios e$tin h' de anairoumenh $fodrotera- a
yar elce doxan o tarattomenos peri tou propero
diwkomenou, toiauthn ecei kai peri tou deuterou-
edoxaze de to ge prwton ws agaqon, kai da
138 touto e$peuden ep auto- toinun kai to deuteron
agaqon einai doxazwn kai ep i$hs ep auto $peu-
dwn th'n i$hn exei tarachn, taca de kai $fodro-
teran, o$w9 metapepei$tai eis to meizonos axiois
einai to nun up autou diwkomenon. oukoun ei
eteron anq eterou o filo$ofos para$keuazoi ton
o'cloumenon diwkein, ouk apolu$ei ths oclh'$ews-
138 ei d apaws dida$kei oti touti men aligwfeles
e'$ti, pleionas d' ecei tas oclh'$eis, [[touti de
poluwfeles kaqe$tws oligas ecei tas oclh$eis,
$ugkri$in e$tai poiwn aire$ews kai fughs pros
eteran aire$in kai fughn, kai ouk anaire$in ths
tarachs- oper atopon- o gar ocloumenos ou
bouletai maqein ti mallon oclei kai ti htton
140 al' l' apallaghnai ths oclh$ews pepoqhken- monws
oun e$tai fugein tauthn, ei upodeixaimen tw9
tarattomenw9 kata thn tou kakou fugh9n h kata
thn tou agaqou diwxin oti oute agaqon ti e$tc
fu'$ei oute kakon,
alla pros anqrwpwn tauta now9 kekritac
kata ton Timwna- to de ge dida$kein to toiouton
idion ths $keyews- tauths ara hn to eudaimona
bion peripoiein-
14 Eudaimwn men e$tin o ataracws diexagwn kai
ws elegen o Timwn, en h$ucia9 kai galhnothti
kaqe$tws-
panth9 gar epeice galhnh
kai
ton d' ws oun enoh$' en nhnemih9$i galh'nhs-
twn de legomenwn uparcein agaqwn te kai kakwn
ta men kata doxan ei$hktai ta de kat' anaykhn.
142 alla kata men [logikhn] doxan ei$hktai o$a kata
kri$in diwkou$in anqrwpoi h feugou$in oion en
men tois ektos aireta legetai kai agaqa ploutos
kai doxa kai eu'geneia kai filia kai pan to eoikos,
en de tois peri $wma kalloS i$cus euexia, en
de tois peri yuchn andria dikaio$unh fronh$is,
koinws areth, kai feukta ta enantia toutois.
143 kat' anagkhn de parhlqen opo$a kat' aloyou
ai$qh'$ews paqos $uni$tatai peri hmas, kai o$a
fu$ikh tis anagkh parecei, " ekwn d ouk an ti:s
144 e-'loito " h fugoi, ws alghdwn kai h'donh'- dioper
toiauths ou$hs en tois pragma$i diaforas, peri
men tou monon ataracws diexagein en tois kata
doxan agaqois kai kakois ton peri pantwn ep-
econta hdh pare$th$amen kai proteron, ote peri
tou $keptikou telous dielegomeqa, kai epi tou
parontos, ote edeiknumen oti ouk e$tin eudaimonein
145 fu$ei agaqon ti kai kakon upo$th$amenon- 0 men
gar tol to poiwn anhnutois $umperiefereto tara-
cais, ta men feu'gwn ta de diwkwn, kai polla men
autw9 epi$pwmenos kaka dia tagaqa, en polla.
pla$io$i de tribomenos kakois dia thn peri twn
146 kakwn doxan- oion o aegwn, ei tucoi agaqsn
men ton paouton kakon de thn penian, mh ecwn men
ton paouton dicws tarattetai, kai oti ouk ecei
to agaqon kai oti pragmateuetai thn perikth$in
autou, kth$amenos d auton kata treis timw eitai
tropous, kai oti peran tou metriou geghqe, kai
oti pr u i o en
plouton, kai oti agwnia kai dedien autou th
i47 apoboah'n- o de mh'te en tois fu$ei agaqois
tattwn ton plouton mhte en tois fu$ei kakois,
th'n de " ou mallon " proferomenos fwnh'n, oute
= epi th9 apou$ia9 toutou tarattetai oute epi p
parou$ia9 geghqen, menei de kaq' ekateron ataracos-
w$t en men tois kata doxan nomizomenois agaqois
te kai kakois kai en tais toutwn aire$e$i kai
148 fugais telews e$tin eudaimwn, en de aois kati
gar mh parei thn tou aogou dia$trofhn $umbai-
ths ai$qh$ews paqos, amhcanon e$tin upo tou
149 kata thn $keyin logou apallatte$qai t9 gar
dia limon h diyos ocloumenw9 ou dunaton empoiein
pei$ma dia tou kata thn $keyin aogou oti ouk
ocleitai, kai tw en tais toutwn parhgoriais
ton bion, mh' econtes de tauthn oude allous dida-
xou$in- eiper te kat' autous oudemia dunatei
$u$thnai tecnh, oud' h' peri ton bion $u$th$etai-
182 alla mhn to prwton- to ara deuteron- tecnh gar
e$ti $u$thma ek katalh'yewn, kai katalhyis e$ti
katalhptikhs fanta$ias $ugkataqe$is- oudemia d
hn katalhptikh fanta$ia dia to mhte pa$an up-
arcein fanta$ian katalhptikhn, macontai ga'o
mh'te tina dia thn anepikri$ian- mh ou$hs de
katalhptikhs fanta$ias oude $ugkataqe$is tis
auths genh'$etai, outw$i de oude katalhyis- mh
ou$hs de katalh'yews oude $u$thma ek koitoi
lhyewn genh'$etai, toute$ti tecnh. w akolouqei
183 to mhde peri ton bion einai tina tecnhn- pros
toutois h katalhptikh fanta$ia krinetai kata
tous $twikous, oti katalhptikh e$ti, tw apo
uparcontos gene$qai kai kat auto to uparcon
e'napomemagmenws kai enape$fragi$menws- to q
uparcon dokimazetai, oti uparcon e$tin, ek tou
katalhptikhn kinein fanta$ian- ei de ina men h
katalhptikh krinhtai fanta$ia, to uparcon dei
epegnw$qai, ina de touto katalhfqh9, thn kata-
ahptikhn fanta$ian bebaion einai, ekateron de da
qa'teron e$tin api$ton, agnwri$tou ou$hs ths
katalhptikhs fanta$ias anaireitai kai h tecnh,
$u$thma ou$a ek katalhyewn-
184 Eiper te h peri ton bion epi$thmh, toute$tin h
fro'nh$is, qewrhtikh twn te agaqwn kai kakwn kai
oudeterwn e$tin, htoi etera kaqe$thke twn agaqwn























wn legetai epi$thmh tugcanein, h auth' e$ti to
agaqon, kaqo kai orizomenoi tines ex autwn fa$in
185 " agaqon e$tin areth h to metecon areths-" kai
ei men etera e$ti para tagaqa wn legetai epi-
$thmh' oud' olws e$tai epi$thmh- pa$a gar
epi$thmh uparktwn tinwn e$ti gnw$is, ta de
a'gaqa kai kaka proteron edeixamen anuparkta,
w$t' oud epi$th'mh tis e$tai agaqwn kai kakwn-
186 ei d' auth' e$tin agaqon kai axioutai twn agaqwn
einai epi$th'mh, eauths e$tai epi$th'mh- o palin
atopon- ta gar wn e$tin epi$thmh, tauta pro-
epinoeitai ths epi$th'mhs- oion iatrikh legetai
e'pi$thmh ugieinwn kai no$erwn kai ouqeterwn-
alla proufe$thke ths iatrikhs kai prohgeitai toi
u'gieina kai no$era. palin te h mou$ikh emmelwn
e$ti kai ekmelwn enruqmwn te kai ekruqmwn epi-
187 $thmh- all' ou prin toutwn e$tin h mou$ikh- kai
autoi de thn dialektikhn efa$an epi$th'mhn a'ah-
qwn te kai yeudwn kai ouqeterwn- oukoun pro-
ufe$thke ths dialektikhs talhqh kai yeudh kai
ouqe'tera- ei dh' eauths e$tin epi$thmh h' fronh$is,
ofeaei proufe$tanai eauths- ouden de dunatai
e'autou proufe$thkenai- oude tauth toinun rhteon
einai tina peri ton bion epi$thmhn-
188 Pa$a te uparkth tecnh kai epi$thmh ek twn
apodidomenwn upo auths tecnikwn te kai epi$th-
monikwn ergwn katalambanetai, oion iatrikh men
ek twn iatrikws ginomenwn, kiqari$tikh de ek twn
kiqari$tikws kai hdh zwgrafia kai andriantopla-
$tikh kai pa$ai ai emfereis- h' de ge peri ton bion
axioumenh $trefe$qai tecnh ouden ecei $umbebhkos
energhma, ws para$th$omen- ouk ara e$ti tis peri
189 ton bion tecnh- oion pollwn legomenwn para tois
$twikois peri te ths twn paidwn agwghs kai peri
ths pros tous goneis timhs kai eti ths pros tous
katoicomenous o$iothtos, oliga ex eka$tou eidous
190 Kai mhn peri men paidwn agwghs en tais dia-
tribais o aire$iarchs Zhnwn toiauta tina diexei$in.
" diamhrizein de mhden mallon mhde h$$on paidika
h mh paidika, mhde qh'lea h arrena- ou gar alla
paidikois h mh' paidikois, oude qhaeiais h arre$in,
alla ta auta prepei te kai preponta e$tin-" koii
pa'lin " diamemh'rikas ton erwmenon ; ouk egwge-
poteron ouk epequmh$as auton diamhri$ai ; kai
mal' a. alla epiqumh'$as para$cein $oi auton [h]
efobh'qhs keleu$ai ; ma Di'- all' ekeleu$as ; ko= i
ma'la. eiq' ouc uphreth$e $oi; ou gar-"
191 peri de ths eis tous goneis timhs paraqoito an tis
ta ths mhtromixias up autwn qruloumena. kai ge
o men Zhnwn ta peri ths Ioka$ths kai Oidipodos
qeis i$toroumena fh$in oti ouk hn deinon triyai thn
mhtera- kai ei men a$qenou$an to $wma tais
cer$i triyas wfelei, ouden ai$cron- ei d' eterw9
merei triyas, eufrainen odunwmenhn pau$as, ko= i
paidas ek ths mhtros gennaious poih$as, ti hn
aexin fh$in outws- dokei moi kai tauta outws
diexagein kaqaper kai nun ou kakws para pollois
eiqi$tai, w$te kai [[thn mhtera ek tou uiou tekno-
poiei$qai kai]] ton patera ek ths qugatros kai ton
omomh'trion ek ths omomhtrias- deigma de
ge'noit' an kai ta peri ths anqrwpofagias parag-
gellomena- ou gar monon axiou$i tous teteleuth -
ko'tas e$qiein, alla kai tas autwn $arkas, ei pote
193 tucoi ti meros tou $wmatos apokopen- legetai d'
en tw peri dikaio$unhs upo Cru$ippou tauti- kai
an twn melwn apokoph9 ti meros pros thn trofhn
crh'$imon, mhte katoruttein auto mhte aalws rip-
tein, anali$kein de auto, opws [[ek]] twn h'meterwn
194 eteron meros genhtai- en de tw peri tou kaq-
hkontos peri ths twn gonewn tafhs diexercomenos
rhtws fh$in apogenomenwn de twn gonewn tafais
crh$teon tais aplou$tatais, ws an tou $wmatos
kaqaper onucos h tricwn ouden ontos pros hmas,
oud epi$trofhs kai poluwrias pro$deomenwn
twn krewn trofh9 crh$ontai autois, kaqaper kai
twn idiwn merwn, oion podos apokopentos epebalae
crh$qai autw9, kai tois paraplh$iois- acreiwn de
ontwn autwn h katoruxantes to mnhma epoi$ou$in,
h katakau$antes thn tefran afh$ou$in, h makro-
teron riyantes oudemian epi$trofhn autwn poih-
$ontai kaqaper onucos h tricwn-"
195 Wde men oi apo ths $toas, epakteon d autois to
akolouqon ths epiceirh$ews- htoi gar outw par-
aggellou$i tauta poiein ws mellontwn autois
crh$qai twn newn h ws mh crh$omenwn- kai ws
crh$omenwn men oudamws- oi gar nomoi kwluou$in,
ei mh ti para Lai$trugo$i kai Kukawyi deh'$ei
bioun, par' ois qemiton e$tin
andromea kre' edein kai ep' akrhton gala pinein
196 ei d' ws mh crh$omenwn, parelkou$a ginetai h peri
ton bion tecnh, hs h crh$is e$tin adunatos- ws gar
e'n tuflwn dh'mw9 acrh$tos e$ti zwgrafia, ble-
pontwn gar h tecnh, kai on tropon en polei kwfwn
a'nonhtos e$ti kiqari$tikh, akouontas gar terpei,
outw kai h peri ton bion tecnh pros mhden e$ti
tois mh dunamenois auth9 crh$qai.
197 Kai mhn pa$a tecnh, ean te qewrhtikh kaq-
e$thkh9 ws gewmetria kai a$trologikh, ean te
praktikh ws oplomachtikh, ean te apotele$ma-
tikh ws zwgrafia kai andriantopla$tikh, idion
ecei ergon w diaferei twn allwn diaqe$ewn, [[ths
de fronh'$ews ouk e$tin idion ergon,]] ws para-
$th$w- ouk ara tecnh tis e$ti peri ton bion h'
198 fro'nh$is- ws gar to koinon mou$ikou kai amou$ou,
tout ouk e$ti mou$ikon, kai to koinon gra matikou
kai agrammatou, tout ouk e$ti grammatikon, outw
kai $ullh'bdhn to koinon tou tecnitou kai atecnou,
tout ouk e$ti tecnikon- dioper kai to tou fro-
nimou kai afronos koinon ouk an eih ths fronh'$ews
199 idion ergon- pan de ge to upo tou fronimou gine-
$qai dokoun ergon, touto koinon euri$ketai kai tou-
mh fronimou ergon. oion ean te timan goneis qwmeqa
tou fronimou ergon, ean te to parakataqhkhn apo-
didonai tois pi$teu$a$in, ean t allo ti twn toi-
outwn, kai tous mh $poudaious eurh$omen toutwn
ti poiountas- w$te mhden idion einai tou $ofou
ergon, w dioi$ei twn mh $ofwn- ei de touto, oude
fro'nh$is e$tai tecnh tis peri ton bion, hs idion
ouden tecnikon e$tin ergon-
200 'Alla pros touq' upantwntes fa$i panta men
koina einai kai pantwn ta erga, diorize$qai de tw
a'po tecnikhs diaqe$ews h apo atecnou gine$qai-
ou gar to epimelei$qai gonewn kai aalws timan
goneis tou $poudaiou e$tin ergon, alla $poudaiou
201 to apo fronh$ews touto poiein kai ws to men
u'giazein koinon e$ti tou te iatrou kai idiwtou to
de iatrikws ugiazein tou tecnitou idion, wde kai to
men timan tous goneis koinon tou te $poudaiou kai
mh $poudaiou, to de apo fronh$ews timan tous
goneis idion tou $ofou, w$te kai tecnhn auton ecein
peri ton bion, hs idion e$tin ergon to eka$ton twn
prattomenwn apo ari$ths diaqe$ews prattein.
202 eoika$i d oi tauth9 crwmenoi th9 upanth'$ei
e'qelokwfein kai panta mallon h pros to epizhtou-
menon ti legein- hmwn gar antikrus deiknuntwn oti
ouden idion e$ti tou fronountos ergon, w diaferei
twn mh' fronimwn, alla pan to ginomenon upo au'-
tou touto kai upo twn mh $poudaiwn gine$qai,
autoi touto men ouk i$cu$an anelein, exwqen de'
fa$in oti to koinon ergon ote men apo fronimhs
203 ginetai diaqe$ews ote de apo faulhs- oper apo-
deixis men tou mh einai koinon ergon twn te fro-
nimwn kai twn mh toioutwn ouk e$tin, deitai de
[[auto]] apodeixews, zhth$antos an tinos poqen ge
diagnw$omeqa pote ginetai tauta apo fronimhs
diaqe$ews kai pote ou ginetai- auta gar ta koina
erga tout ouk emfainei, paro$on e$ti koina-
204 enqen kai to apo iatrikhs komi$qen upodeigma
kat autwn mallon euri$ketai- otan gar fw$i
to ugiazein koinon iatrou te kai ouk iatrou kaq-
e$thkos exaireton gine$qai tou tecnitou, epeidan
iatrikws apotele$qh9, tote htoi i$a$i ti diaforws
ginomenon upo tou iatrou para ton idiwthn, oion
o $untomws kai aponws kai meta ax ai
poiothtos, h ouk i$a$in alla kai tauta panta
205 koina twn idiwtwn upeilhfa$in- kai ei men i$a$in,
autoqen idion ti tou iatrou fainomenon ergon
wmologhka$in uparcein, kai akalouqon hn autois
apo toutou metelqou$i dida$kein kai tou $ofou ti
idion ergon, w9 dioi$ei tou mh $ofou- ei de ouk
i$a$in alla pan to upo tou iatrou ginomenon, tout
erou$i kai upo tou idiwtou gine$qai, afelountai
tou iatrou to idion ergon kai aparallaxias ou$hs
kata to fainomenon en tois ginomenois ergois ou
diagnw$ontai ton te tecnithn kai ton atecnon, oude
to apo tecnikhs diaqe$ews energoumenon oude to
a'po atecnou, dia to mhde thn kaq' eka$ton [afanh]
diaqe$in ex eauths duna$qai gnwrize$qai ou$an
206 afanh- toinun ouden wfelei autous to omologein
men koina einai ta upo te tou $ofou ginomena
erga kai ta mh upo tou $ofou, diaferein d' autoa
[[fa'nai]] tw nuni men apo fronimhs gine$qai dia-
qe$ews nuni de apo afronos-
Aaloi de ei$in oi tw diomali$mw kai taxei tauta
207 diorize$qai nomizontes- kaqa gar epi twn me$wn
tecnwn idion e$ti tou tecnitou to te tetagmenws
ti poiein kai to en tois apotele$ma$i diomalizein
(poih'$ai gar an pote kai idiwths to tecnikon
ergon, alla $paniws kai ou pantote, oude kata to
auto kai w$autws), wde kai tou men fronimou
fa$in ergon einai to en tois katorqwma$i diomali-
208 zein, tou de afronos tounantion. fainontai de kai
outoi ou kata thn twn pragmatwn fu$in peri h-s
e'n cer$i zhth$ews diatattomenoi. to gar elnai tina
biou taxin kata tecnikon logon wri$menws eirh-
me'nhn euch9 mallon eoiken. pas gar anqrwpos pros
tas twn upopiptontwn pragmatwn diaforas kai
poikilias artizomenos oudepote dunatai thn authn
taxin fulattein, kai mali$ta o emfrwn to te
a$taton ths tuchs kai to abebaion twn pragmatwn
209 ennooumenos- allws te, eiper mian kai wri$meihn
eice biou taxin o fronimos, kan ek tauths enargws
kateilhpto tois mh fronimois- ouci de ge kata-
ergwn ahptos e$tin o fronimos- oqen ei pa$a men
tecnh ek twn idiwn ergwn fainetai, ths de fronh-
$ews oude'n e$tin idion ergon ex ou fainetai, ouk an
eih tis tecnh peri ton bion h fronh$is-
210 Kai mhn ei tecnh tis e$ti peri ton bion h' fro-
nh$is, ouk allon an tina mallon wfelh$en h ton
kekthmenon authn $ofon, egkrateian autw para-
$comenh en tais pros to kakon ormais kai en tais
apo tou agaqou aformais- ouci de ge ton $ofon
w'felei h' fronh$is, ws para$th$omen- ouk ara
211 tecnh tis e$ti peri ton bion. o gar legomenos
e'gkraths $ofos htoi kata touto legetai egkraths,
kaqo$on en oudemia ginetai ormh9 th9 pros to kakon
kai aformh9 th9 apo tou agaqou, h- kaqo$on ecei men
faulas ormas perikratei de toutwn tw logw9- kai
kata men to mh gine$qai en faulais kri$e$in ouk
an lecqeih egkraths einai- ou gar krath$ei ou ouk
212 ecei- kai w tropw ouk an eipoi tis ton eunoucon
egkrath pros afrodi$iwn mixin kai ton kako$to-
macounta pros ede$matwn apolau$in (oud' olws
gar en autois epizhth$is tis ginetai toutwn, ina
kai egkratws katexana$tw$i ths epizhth$ews) , tw-
au'tw tropw9 oude ton $ofon egkrath rhteon dia to
213mh fue$qai en autw9 to ou e$tai egkrath's. ei de
kata touto axiw$ou$in auton uparcein egkrath,
kaqo$on ginetai men en faulais kri$e$i perigineta
d autwn tw logw9, prwton men dw$ou$i to oti
ouden wfelh$en auton h' fronh$is akmhn en tara-
cais onta kai bohqeias deomenon, eita kai kakodai-
214 mone$teron twn faulwn euri$ke$qai- h9- men gar
o'rma9 epi ti, pantws tara$$etai, h de perikratei
tw aogw9, $unecei en eautw to kakon, kai dia touto
maalon tarattetai tou faulou mhketi touto pa-
$contos- h men gar orma9, tarattetai, h de tug
canei twn epiqumoumenwn, upekluomenhn i$cei thn
215 tarachn- ou toinun egkraths ginetai o$on ep
th9 fronh$ei o $ofos- h eiper ginetai, pantan
anqrwpwn kakodaimone$teros ginetai. all e
eka$th tecnh ton kekthmenon auth'n wfelei mallo n,
dedeiktai de h' peri ton bion axioumenh tugcanei
tecnh mhde ton kekthmenon wfelou$a, rhteon mh
einai tina peri ton bion tecnhn-
216 Dunamei men oun $unapodedeiktai tw mh einai
tina peri ton bion tecnhn to mhde didakthn auth'
kaqe$tanai- twn gar mh ontwn ou ginetai maqh$is-
omws d' ek perittou $ugcwrh$antes auths th
217 uparxin dida$kwmen ws e$tin adidaktos- polus
i men oun kai poikilos e$ti para tois filo$ofois
peri ths maqh'$ews logos- all' h'meis ge ta kuriw'-
tata epilexamenoi qh'$omen, wn ta men koinotero
epiceireitai para tois $keptikois eis to mhden
einai maqh$in, ta de kai idiaiteron legetai per
auths ths fronh$ews- taxei de prwtas $kopwmen
tas koinoteras epiceirh$eis-
218 'Epi pa$hs toinun maqh'$ews omologei$qai dei to
te dida$komenon pragma kai ton dida$konta ka
ton manqanonta kai ton tropon ths maqh'$ews.
ouden de toutwn e$tin omologon, ws deixomen- ou
ara e$ti tis maqh$is- kai epei prwton emnh$qhmen
tou dida$komenou pragmatos, peri autou prwto
219 aporhteon- ei gar dida$ketai ti pragma, htoi to
on dida$ketai h to mh on- oute de to on dida$ketai,
ws deixomen, oute to mh on, ws paramuqh$omeqa-
ouk ara dida$ketai ti pragma- kai dh to men mh'
on ou dida$ketai- ouden gar autw $umbebhken, wot'
220 oude to dida$ke$qai- kai allws, ei to mh on
dida$ketai, alhqes e$tai to mh' on- twn gar alhqwn
e$tin h maqh$is. ei de alhqes e$tai to mh on,
 euqus kai uparkton genh'$etai- alhqes goun fa$in
oi $twikoi o uparcei e kai antikeitai tini atopon
de ge to mh on uparcein- ouk ara to mh9 on dida'-
$ketai- to ge mhn dida$komenon kinoun fan-
ta$ian dida$ketai, to de mh on ou dunatai kinein
221 fanta$ian- ouk ara didakton e$ti to mh on- pros
toutois, ei to mh' on dida$ketai, ouden alhqes
dida$ketai- twn gar ontwn kai uparcontwn e$ti
talhqes- ei de mhden alhqes dida$ketai, pan to
dida$komenon e$ti yeudos- atopon de ge pan to
dida$komenon einai yeudos- ou toinun to mh on
dida$ketai- epei toi eiper to mh on dida$ketai,
htoi kaqo mh on e$ti dida$ketai, h kat' alao ti.
kaqa men oun mh on e$tin, ou dida$ketai- ei gar to
mh' on kaqo mh on e$ti dida$ketai, ouden on dido--
cqh$etai, oper atopon- kai mhn oude kat aalo ti-
to gar allo ti e$ti, to de mh on ouk e$tin w$t
25 ouk an didacqeih to mh on- leipetai oun
legein to on dida$ke$qai- o kai auto twn adunatan
deixomen- ei gar to on dida$ketai, htoi kaqo on
e$tin h kat allo ti. kai ei men kaqo on e$ti
dida$ketai, ouden e$tai adidakton- ei de twn ontwn
ouden e$tin adidakton9 oude ge e$tai to dida$ko-
menon- dei gar adidakton ti einai, ina ek toutou
ma'qh$is genhtai- w$te kaqo men on e$tin, ouk an
223 didacqeih to on- kai mhn oude kat allo ti[[- to
gar on ouk ecei allo ti]] $umbebhkos autw, oper
mh on e$tin, alla pan to $umbebhkos autw9 on
e$tin- w$t ei to on kaqo on e$tin ou dida$ketai,
=:= oude kat allo ti didacqh$etai. ekeino gar otipote
e$tin allo $umbebhkos autw, on e$tin- ei oun mhte
to on dida$ketai mhte to mh on9 para de tauta
ouden e$tin, ouden twn ontwn dida$ketai-
224 Kai allws, epei twn tinwn ta men e$ti $wmata
ta de aowmata, ei dida$ketai ti, htoi to $wma
dida$ketai h to a$wmaton oute de to $wma
dida$ketai oute to a$wmaton ouk ara dida$ketai
ti. to men oun $wma ou dida$ketai kai
kata tous apo ths $toas lekta gar e$ti ta
225 dida$komena, $wma d ouk e$ti ta lekta- kai
allws- ei to $wma mhte ai$qhton e$ti mhte nohton
e$tin' ou dida$ketai to $wma- dei gar to dida$ko-
menon h ai$qhton elnai h nohton, mhqeteron de on
ou dida$ketai- to d oti oute ai$qhton e$tin oute
nohton e$ti to $wma, pare$takamen en tois pros
226tous fu$ikous- ean te gar aqroi$mos tis h9 to
$wma, ws fh$in o Epikouros, megeqous kai $ch-
matos kai antitupias, ean te to tas treis econ
dia$ta$eis meta an tu ia e ei a o
$unodon pleionwn lambanomenon ouk e$ti ths
aaogou ai$qh'$ews labein alla aogikhs tinos duna-
227 mews, ouk e$tai twn ai$qhtwn to $wma- kai ei
ai$qhton de uparcoi, palin adidakton genh'$etai-
twn gar ai$qhtwn ouden dida$ketai, oion oudeis
leukon oran manqanei, oude glukeos geue$qai, ouc
upo tinos euwdize$qai yuce$qai aleaine$qai, all
adidaktos e$tin h pantwn toutwn antilhyis- oute
toinun ai$qhton e$ti to $wma, out ei ai$qhton
228 uparcei, kata tout e$tai didakton- kai mhn
oud' ws nohton dunatai dida$ke$qai- ei gar m te
to mhkos kat idian e$ti $wma mhte to platos
mhte to baqos, to de ex apantwn toutwn $unqeton
deh'$ei pantwn a$wmatwn ontwn kai to ex autwn
aqroi$ma ennoein a$wmaton kai ou $wma- dia de
229 touto kai adidakton einai to $wma- twn te $w-
matwn ta men e$tin ai$qhta ta de nohta- dioper
ei dida$ketai to $wma, htoi to ai$qhton dida$ketai
h to nohton- oute de to ai$qhton dida$ketai dioi
to faine$qai kai ex autou pa$i prodhlon uparcein,
oute to nohton dia th'n adhlothta kai thn anepi-
kriton mecri tou nun peri autou diafwnian, twn men
atomon auto-legontwn twn de tmhton, kai twn men
a'meres kai elaci$ton, twn de meri$ton kai eis
apeiron temne$qai dunamenon- ouk ara didakton
230 e$ti to $wma. alla mhn oude to a$wmaton.
h gar idea tis e$ti Platwnikh h to para tois
$twikois aekton h kenon h topos h cronos h aalo
 ti twn toioutwn- o ti d an h9 toutwn, eti zhtou-
m e'nhn kai anepikritws diafwnoumenhn ecei thn
231 upo$ta$in- to de ta eti amfi$bhtoumena ws an-
amfilekta aegein dida$ke$qai teaews e$tin atopon-
all ei twn ontwn ta men e$ti $wmata ta de
a'$wmata, dedeiktai de mhqen toutwn dida$komenon,
ouqen e$ti to dida$komenon-
232 Kai allws, ei dida$ketai ti, htoi aahqes e$tin h
yeudos- kai yeudos men ouk e$tin, ws autoqen
fainetai- alhqes d' eiper e$tin, aporon e$tin, ws
en tois peri krithriou edeixamen, kai peri aporwn
ouk e$ti maqh$is- ouk ara e$ti to dida$komenon-
233 pros toutois to dida$komenon h tecnikon
e$tin h atecnon- all atecnon men ouk e$tin, epei
oude deh$etai maqh$ews- ei de tecnikon e$tin, htoi
autoqen fainetai h adhlon e$tin- kai ei men auto-
qen fainetai, kai atecnon e$ti kai adidakton- ei d e
adhlon e$tin, ou ginetai di' auto to adhlei$qai
didakton-
234 'Ek toutwn men oun aporon pari$tatai to di-
da$komenon pragma- $unanaireitai d autw9 o te
dida$kwn dia to mh' ecein o didaxei, o te manqanwn
dia to mh' ecein o maqh9. ouqen d htton e$tai ko=i
235 ep autwn toutwn tas omoias kinein aporias. ei
- gar e$ti tis o dida$kwn kai e$ti tis o manqanwn,
htoi tecniths ton tecnithn didaxei h atecnos ton
atecnon h enallax o tecniths ton atecnon h atecnos
ton tecnithn- oute de o atecnos ton atecnon
dida$kein dunatai, ws oude o tuflos ton tuflon
odhgein, ouq o tecniths ton tecnithn- ou gar
ecei pantws o didaxei- oute mh'n o atecnos ton
tecnithn, ws oude o tuflos odhgein pote dunato-i
ton bleponta- pephrwtai gar o idiwths eis ta ths
te'cnhs qewrhmata, kai dia tout anepith'deios ppos
236 to dida$kein. apoleipetai oun aegein oti o
tecniths ton idiwthn dida$kei, o palin twn a'mh -
ca'nwn- kai gar o tecniths $unhporhtai hmin tois
237 ths tecnhs qewrhma$in, kai o atecnos ei dida$keto= i
kai ginetai tecniths, htoi ote atecnos e$ti ginetai
tecniths h ote tecniths e$tin, oute de ote atecnos
e'$ti dunatai gine$qai tecniths, oute ote tecniths
288 e$tin eti ginetai tecniths, all e$tin- kai kata
logon- o men gar atecnos eoike tw ek geneths
tufaw h kwfw, kai on tropon oute o ek geneth--s
tuflos eis ennoian ercetai crwmatwn oute o ek
geneths kwfos eis ennoian ercetai fwnwn, outw kai
o atecnos, ef' o$on e$tin atecnos, pephrwmenos
pros thn twn tecnikwn qewrhmatwn antilhyin ou
dunatai toutwn autwn ecein thn gnw$in. o de
tecniths ouketi dida$ketai alla dedidaktai-
239 Kai mh'n ws taut e$tin apora, outw kai o
tropos ths maqh$ews e$tin aporos. h gar enar-
geia9 ginetai h aogw9- oute de enargeia9 oute logw9
ginetai, ws para$th$omen, w$te oude o tropos ths
240 maqh'$ews e$tin euporos- enargeia9 men oun ou
==== ginetai maqh$is, epeiper twn deiknumenwn e$tin
e'nargeia, to de deikton e$ti fainomenon- to de
fainomenon, h fainetai, koinws pa$i lhpton e$ta
to de koinws pa$i lhpton adidakton- ouk ara to
241 enargeia9 deikton didakton e$tin- kai mh'n oude
logw9 ti dida$ketai- h gar $hmainei ti o logos h
oude en $hmainei- alla mhde en $hmainwn oud
e$tai tinos dida$kaaos- ei de $hmainei ti, htoi
fu$ei $hmainei h qe$ei- kai fu$ei men ou $hmainei
dia to mh pantas pantwn akouein, [[olon]] Ealhnas
242 barbarwn kai barbarous Ellh'nwn, qe$ei d' eiper
$hmainei, dhlon ws oi men prokateilhfotes kaq
wn ai lexeis ei$i tetagmenai antilh'yontai touton,
ouk ex autwn dida$komenoi aper hgnooun, aal'
anamimnh$komenoi kai ananeoumenoi tauq aper
h9de$an, oi de crhzontes ths twn agnooumenwn
maqh$ews, kai agnoountes kaq wn ei$i tetagmenai
243 ai lexeis, oudenos antilhyin exou$in- dioper ei
mhte to dida$komenon e$ti pragma mhte o dida.
$kwn mh'te o manqanwn mh'te o tropos ths maqh'-
$ews, ouden e$ti maqh$is-
Koinoteron men oun outws epiceireita tois
$keptikois eis to mh einai maqh$in- ene$tai de
metaferein tas aporias kai epi thn aegome'nhn peri
244 ton bion tecnhn- htoi gar o fronimos ton fronimon
tauthn didaxei h o afrwn ton afrona h o afrwn
ton fronimon h o fronimos ton afrona- oute de o'
fro'nimos ton fronimon aegoit an tauthn dida$kein,
amfoteroi gar teleioi kat' arethn ei$i kai ouqe'-
teros autwn deitai maqh'$ews, oute o afrwn ton
afrona, amfoteroi gar creian ecou$i maqh'$ews
kai ouqeteros autwn fronimos [[e$tin]], ina ton
245 eteron didaxh. kai mhn oud' o afrwn didaxei ton
fro'nimon- oude gar o tuflos mhnutikos ginetai tw
baeponti crwmatwn- aeipetai ara ton fronimon
didaktikon einai tou afronos- o kai auto twn
246 aporwn- ei gar h fronh$is e$tin epi$thmh aga-
qw-n kai kakwn kai ouqeterwn o afrwn mh ecwn
tina fronh$in, agnoian de ecwn toutwn pantwn,
dida$kontos tou fronimou ta agaqa kai koka kai
ouqetera akou$etai monon twn aegomenwn, ou
gnw$etai d auta- ei gar antilambanoito autw- n
e'n afro$unh9 kaqe$tws e$tai h afro$unh twn te
agaqwn kai kakwn kai ouqeterwn gnwri$tikh- ouxi
de ge toutwn kat autous e$tin h afro$unh qew-
rhtikh'- o ara afrwn ouk antilh'yetai twn upo
tou fronimou aegomenwn h prattomenwn kata ton
247 ths fronh'$ews logon- kai on tropon o ek geneth--s
phros, mecris ou phros e$tin, ouk ecei ennoian
crwmatwn, kai o ek geneths kwfos, mecris ou
kwfos e$tin, ouk antilambanetai fonwn, outw kai
o afrwn, ef o$on afrwn e$tin, ouk antilambanetai
twn fronimws legomenwn kai prattomenwn- oud'
o fronimos ara dunata tou afronos en th- peri ton
248 bion tecnh9 kaqhgei$qai- kai mh'n ei o fronimo
dida$kei ton afrona, qewrhtikh ofeilei anai h
fro'nh$is ths afro$unhs w$per kai h tecnh th
atecnias- ouci de ge h fro'nh$is dunatai einai
qewrhtikh ths afro$unhs- ouk ara o fronimos to
afronos e$ti didaktikos- o gar genomenos fro'-
oudeis e$ti toioutos) htoi upokeimenhS en autw
ths afro$unhs pro$ekth$ato thn fronh$in, h kata
thn ekeinhs apobolhn kai thn tauths kth$in gegone
249 fronimos- kai ei men upokeimenhs en autw thS
autos fronimos ama kai afrwn- o e$tin adunaton-
ei d apobolh9 ekeinhs ekth$ato tauthn, ou dunh'-
$etai dia ths u$terogenous diaqe$ews thn pro-
au$an diaqe$w, nun de mh parou$an gnwrizein-
250 kai eikotws- pantos goun pragmatos ai$qhtou
h nohtou ginetai katalhyis htoi kata enargeian
periptwtikws h kata thn apo twn periptwtikws
pefhnotwn analogi$tikhn metaba$in, kai tauthn
251 htoi omoiwtikhn, ws otan apo ths Swkratous
eikonos gnwrizhtai o mh parwn Swkraths, h
$unqetikhn, ws otan ap anqrwpou kai ippou kat
epi$unqe$in nowmen ton anuparkton ippokentauron,
h kata analogian, ws otan apo tou koinou anqrw-
pou parauxhtikws men lambanhtai o Kuklwy, os
ouk ewkei
andri ge $itofa'gw9 alla riw9 ulhenti
252 meiwtikws de o pugmaios anqrwpos- oqen ei kai
th9 fronh$ei lambanetai h' afro$unh kai tw9 fro-
nimw9 o afrwn, h'toi kata periptw$in qewreitai h
kata thn apo ths periptw$ews metaba$in- oute
de kata periptw$in qewreitai (oudeis gar ws
leukon kai melan kai gluku kai pikron kata
periptw$in egnw, outw kai afro$unhn) oute kata
thn apo ths periptw$ews metaba$w- ouden gar
-twn ontwn e$tin eoikos afro$unh99 [eid' apo tou-
tou poieitai thn metaba$in o fronimos, htoi omoiw-
tikhn h $unqetikhn h analogi$tikhn ] w$te ou
253 lh'yetai pote thn afro$unhn h fronh$is- nai,
all i$ws tis erei oti o fronimos th9 en auto-
fronh'$ei thn peri allon afro$unhn dunatai kata-
noein- oper e$tin euhqes- h' gar afro$unh diaqe$is
254 e'$tin ergwn tinwn apodotikh'- ei oun authn en
allw9 qewrei kai katalambanetai o fronimos, htoi
authn ex eauths katalh'yetai thn diaqe$in, h tois
ergois auths epiballwn apo toutwn kai authn
255 gnwriei, kaqaper thn men iatrikhn diaqe$in apo
twn iatrikws ginomenwn ergwn, th'n de zwgrafikhn
a'po twn zwgrafikws ginomenwn- oute de au'thn ex
auths dunatai thn diaqe$in labein- afanhs ga'r eo-i
kai aqewrhtos, kai ouc oion te e$tin authn dia ths
tou $wmatos morfhs periaqrh$ai- oute ek twn upo
auths apodidomenwn ergwn- panta gar ta faino
mena erga, kaqaper kai proteron edeiknumen, koinoi
256 fronh'$ews kai afro$unhs e$tin- all eiper, ina o
fronimos ton afrona didaxh9 thn peri ton bion tecnhn ,
dei qewrhtikon auton einai ths afro$unhs kaqaper
kai ton tecnithn ths atecnias, dedeiktai d alhptos
autw h afro$unh, ouk an dunaito o fronimos ton
afrona thn peri ton bion tecnhn dida$kein-
257 Kai dh ta $unektikwtata twn kata ton hqikon
topon zhtoumenwn hporhkotes, en to$outois ehn
$umpa$an ths $keptikhs agwghs diexodon ap-
artizomen-