the , that nextthe the . . . . . . . . (MANW:117) . , is to Lay|#out her as is most fit for ye to by in that Place where she is: for there are theis kind of : first to a|#Crosse, or , soe as both (either for , or )may Beare together: Next to : that is to Lay the rightin the Midle of the one , and the other ; and this is wherethey feare Driving <#a Shore>, for then both the will Beare together, yf she vpon either , The third is , that is (as yow wouldsay) betwixt both; for this is neither a|#Crosse the , nor the. When they come into a Place, they perceive where, Which way, and vponwhat of the th e Wind, or Sea is like to endanger them most, andsoe iust there they lay|#out an , and this they call for|#, ,or as the

is. that a is not said to be wth Lessethen two a|#Ground; yet if She haue but one a|#Ground, and a (whi ch is called a ) we say She is with her to ye .< to Mount>. of is taken in two sences, that is, eith er to Putthem Vpon, and into their ; as we say the a re not ,yt is Not on their : Or els when they are in the , and the of her lies too|#lowe for the , we say higher; but if she lye wthher too high for the , we say the a litle, and the , for to t he , is to Take|#it out of ye , or that(MANW:118) the is not serviceable: as in Fight when a hath taken, or brokena , we say the is .. a kind of the of the together, When the edge of the one is seawen over the edge of the other, and soe it is on both sides. Thisis the strongest way of the . . small , or with : In they are most vsed at the of the , , or .and they haue a , which is put into a , and soe the y stand and are; Out of which they vse , to Scowre the when . But are dangerous for them which Dis|#charge them, for theywill Scale extreemely, and endanger their Eies much w ith them. I haue knownedivers hurt with shooting them off. . ] is When it is close to the , as you would say a , that is |#vp z downe without any the is in the Second, and last Quarters, then we haue :The of the word I know not, but the meaning of it is this; The is opposite to the ; and there are as many daies allowed for the ,or Falling of the as are for the or of the . Theis doe(MANW:119) cause that where it doth not ever high enough , we are forced to stay for the z , and also for going|#over some Barre till a . , In the Water never is so high , nor so Lowe, as in the . Alsothe never runs so swift in , as it doth at : , That asthe highest of the is three daies after the full, or Change of the , sothe Lowest of the is Fower daies after the Full, or Change, and then we sayIt is . When a lacks water, so that it doth not flowe highenough to Bring her of f the Ground; or out of a , we say She is .Soe if a be within a , that there lack water to Carry|#her overtill the ; we say She is . that wch is made fast to the of ye ; and is that which gives the to it, being touched with a . The bes t, for toreceive, and retaine the virtue of the , are made of ; a nd the best Forme, isto make them round, with two small directing to th e z ; for inthis Forme they doe most equally peize the ; Who would vnderstand more oftheis, let Him reade of the , where all thinge(s)belonging to the , are most exactly z com pendiously set|#downe. those small wch are together with , in ye formeof a , with , and are for the most part only vsed in the #; yet Ihaue seene haue theis over all from the of the overthe ; and are streyned vpon the wch are placed from the to the. In , it is c heifely vsed, having a laied over it, for(MANW:120) to shadowe their Men , and for a Close|#Fight: But I thinck they are in an error,for it is most dange rous for fyring: of small defence, yf Men , being quickly Cutdowne, and b eing once torne|#downe (as it may easely with small . In a of it is good to haue them, for the pleasure, ands uccor of the Company, but not to Vse them in Fight.. the , which they lay vpon the small (about a Faddom z a half, or two faddom long) with a litle at one end, or some haue only a : The vse whereof is t o the from the or the , when the is eithersoe slymy, or so great that they cannot Straine|#it, to hold it|#off with their hande(s) only.: ] . to take the of , or with any , whereby wee know in what degree of the is. I need not say much of this; for it would require many Lines, and it is taught in every Booke of ] . . nothing but old , or others, Vntwisted, and so pulld out (as it were, into loose Flax againe: also Toa, or Flax) being soe imploied about a , is called ; The vse of it is to into the , and toall parts where they suspect Water may come in: (as the of the < Tree|]nells>(MANW:121) zc.) is best to first into the , but is best for the out|#side of ye , next to the wate r. When it is rowled|#vp, (soeas when the it in,) is called a of .. this is meant as much as to say ; as if I be at Sea, in a , the on one|#side me, and on yeother|#side, to an other . is in ye : So if a besayling into the , , we say : Or when a (as in #or ) keepes in Midle o f the ,and comes not neere the , we say keepes in the .. a Terme Vsed when a is #a , and to the Water|#ward from|#wards the , they say to the , or if her lyetowarde(s) the Sea, we say her Lies to ye , and her to the ] . is noe other but the ; as we say, the Lower , the second , so you may aswell say the Lower , or the second : andindeed it is com(m)only held the proper speech to call them the first , and thesecond ; for this word seemes to be appropriated only to theis two: for if a haue three , they never call t he Vpper|#most (which is yethird) by the name of , but by the name of : as (to speake of them,)they will say hath a of on the first and second , andalso vpon the Vpper , and not vpon the Vpper|#.(MANW:122) . at Sea, with bearing too|#much Saile is borne|#over on a side, and soe in the Sea, we say was : Somtime swith an extraordinary Wind the may be with nothing but the power which the wind may haue over her : especially, if the Wind and Current goe contrary. I haue heard some say, That out of the by , where the Current ever very strong to the ,that if they haue mett with a Gust at ye , the Wind having powerover the of the aloft, and the Current to Wind|#wa rd, havingpower of the a|#lowe, they haue byn in great danger of . Alsothe Turning|#over of any , or small wch is |#v p, is called the . zc. . that is brought to be Trym(m)ed a|#ground, doth Fall|#ouer on a side, we call it , and not ; the reason whereof isher want of to Beare her vpon: and sometimes it may happen by the indiscretion of those who brinnng the a|#Ground, to the , yf theGround be too steepy, when as they should |#her to the : To preventwhich we haue no way but to |#her vp with her z .. a small peece of (some 2. or 3. yearde(s) Long, as they haue occasion to vse it) and it is made|#fast to the of ye , and soe sta nds rightout : at the outwardmost end there is a , into wch the standing partof the is made|#fast, and soe being through the of ye ,is againe through an other , which is to this peece of ,(MANW:123) neere the end, and soe the Vse of Thi s is to |#downe the toit. This is seldom Vsed in great , but the cause why, in any it isVsed, is for that the is placed soe farr , that there is notroome enough within to |#downe the flat, and soe are forcedto Vse This with|#out|#: The small , and doeVse This most of any t hat I haue seene, and generally all haue them: , . a soft, slymey, Muddy . This is no good to at in for the will not hold here, in great Stresses. But the bes tway to make them hold, is to them; and in some Places that will not ser veneither; besides This is very bad for the Rotting of . Yf a Manwould haue a lye long a|#Ground, it is best laying her in , for t hereshe will lye Very soft, z easely; for She will quickly her|#self here ; Yet itis very bad also for Rotting the , and the wch is in y e .

~~. ]~~ . made of , which are made|#fast to the z ,to save them from Galling against the , are called , by a proper ] name. which is Vsed in the nature of a of : It is a together at both ends, and so put double about a to it in by; andthe of the is into it, to it in. T his is the quickest(MANW:124) way of the , but not soe sure a w ay for Slipping as the .. to take a litle (about the breadth of a hand) and soe lay it over a , which is first , and it is most com(m)only vsed alongst the , on the , or over the , Then heate a litle z very hot, and power vpon This , and all this together is called. . those Thinge(s) made of z , z wch goe about the , and are at both ends made|#fast to the , and are soe made wth z that the may slide vp easely. Theis also with the doe hold the close to the . . those wch are Bolted to the , and doe Compasse and shoote in the at the , and are the strength that doe keepe|#vp ye < Mast> in the , and also that it should not Rowle|#out the | #sides. Thereare also at the second in the same nature; But th e hathbut one of . The doth Vse to be wedged f ast in , fromstirring, or Wagging; Yet I haue seene some that wou ld not saile well, vnlesthe were loose, and (as they terme it) had leave to in the ; Butin a Storme it is dangerous to let the ha ue any Play, for feare of wrongingthe , Which if they should give|#way , there were no remedy but to the by the . . any wherewith we the of the (MANW:125) z , when they are the of t he tothe of the ; and the of the to the ;and this is don when the goes .. a litle peece of , bolted to one of the , close to the , but soe easely that it hath Leaue to Turne|#about. This is i tagainst which the of the doe beare when they would haue t he kept|#fast from Turning|#back againe, and therefore they say ,that is a litle more that the may catch|#hold of th e :This is very necessary sometimes, When they |#vp the , in a great, to hold|#, least the force of the Sea, yerking|#v p the sodainely,should fling Men from the . This is called : andwhen they would haue the goe|#back, they sa y ye .. the same that is, only wanting the : for we call it , when (after it is ) we heate to lay vpon the ,to keepe it from being peirced with the Water: we also vse no to t his. Alsoewhen we , we call the Laying|#on the Stuff (what ere it be ,, or the like) : For they say vp to the :, or the like. Also when a is to , and that all her (that is, Flat against the z , soe that wee aresure She will not fall back againe) we say the < Ship> is ; and then wee the , and ye , and soe come to Lay her ye other way , is to the right|#over the ,(MANW:126) soe that the is then right Perpendiculer betwixt them. T o , isto haue the , z |#vp, and so e one end brought|#downe closeto the , the other being raised|#vp, and soe they are done to contrary sides;the of the , com(m)ing|#downe to the |]#side,and the of th e , soe the seeme #too Crosse one an otherlike a . The manner of doing it is, for the ,Letting|#goe , and |#vp the ;and soe c ontrarywise for the . To , is to in thes ame manner, but the must be but half|# high. They never lightly in this manner with their , but in a , the reason is, least with their a|#Crosse, some might by chaunce come|#fowle of them,and breake their : Also that wch is in the , f rom the, to the , is called the , or of the .In the the is placed there: place their Victuallsthere Out|#ward|#bound; but other , (which are full of Men) willVse it, for to Lodge some of the Companie. . is a short , made|#fast at one end; either to the of t he, or to a , or to the of a , and are in bignes, acc ording to theplaces where they are vsed, having at the other end, a wth a , to some into it: As the of the , which are madefast to the of the ; and soe the o f the , wch are theremade|#fast, and hang a litle|#way downe, on t he Inside of the . Generallyall the (excepting the ) haue , into wch ye (MANW:127) are , and by them t hey are easely knowne. Also they call those wchare hoong|#out on the , or from the of a , for a , tobeutefie the , .. whereon the doth beare z rest, at the Com(m)ing|#out of the of the aloft by the , is called the

of the . . a small , which is fastned to , as also to ; which is Put in to a , or any , to keepe the from Recoyling:Also those , wch are made|#fast to the , and doe hang ye to the , being put into , are cal led the of the ] . . not only Laying vpon any place, Which yet is more properly called , But it is taken also for the placing of the of a , asthey say the is a litle too|#farre ; that is, Stands, and isplaced too far towards the of the : but it is not m eant by ye hanging too|#farre . So the is too| #farre|#forth, thatis the stands too|#farre fore|#ward|#on. Also if a Fall much into aSea, they say |#much into the Sea; Or if She B eate|#muchagainst the Sea, so as to endanger her with the Stroake, they say Shewill her By the . . flatt , made of , woven one over an other, (MANW:128) and are for to save the in the , from Galling: Also we vse themon the of the , to save the of the fromGalling against the . . , and a is all one; . To , is To |#downe the of the , and so comparing it to yor ,finding where the is, to make a small in the , i n that Latitude, andLongitiude where you suppose the to be, and soe still keeping accompt of theDaies, you shall still see howe neere, or farre|#off yow are from the Place which youSaile|#to. . Sharpnes of any , is called the of the : When they say that Two , are one in an other, that is, They are so iust in a <|>]#from Vs, one betwixt the other, that we cannot see the one for the other:Also the is devided into 32. Representing the 32. , soe ytwe call Sayling by the , Sayling vpon a . They vse alsoe toVn|#doe the at the end of a (some two foote Long ) and soe make of the , and lay them one over an other a gaine, making itlesse towards the end, and soe at the end, make them all fast, w th a peece of or the Like. This is called : The vs e whereof is To keepe the from Fassing, but cheifely to see that none of the End be stolne|#off, ] and Cutt a|#way. of the is the Vppermost part of the ; and is the , over that which is com(m)only ye . (MANW:129) . that Place out of Which the are putt through the |#sides: and Theis are to be made so Large that the may haue Leave to as much z as may be (about 30. ynches is the ordinary rate for a . . a Word vsed in the when She is Before a Wind; or if the be as farr as the , (which is neere then , but not ,) They will vse the word < Steddy>; or . The : Bring t hingsover to , or the like; Termes easely vnderstood. . small , either , or ; Those who carry Corne, or any such Goode(s) that will shoote|] #overfrom one side to the other, doe make many , or severall ,as it were,) to keepe it vp: and theis are called . Also when wee < Careen>, there are small made, some distau(n)ce from the , on eitherside in the , which serve to keepe|#vp the when we shift it, either forthe , or Bringing|#downe of the , wh en she is on the , andtheis are also called . are two sorts of ; the one ; Which is Dust (as it were) without Corning; and this we never vse at Sea in Ordinans>, nor small , both because it is of small force, and also for (MANW:130) it will with the aire of ye Sea, quickly dye, and loose its force. Th e other is; Whereof there are two sorts, , which is a great ,and not very strong; the other , which is th e finest, strongest, andbest we can get: The wch make the , are first ; (whereinthe force of the consists;) next
(which is apt to flame, and onceflamed, causeth the to fl ame) Last, , (with is apt with any sparcleto kindle, but not to flame, ye t doth maintaine the flame of the other two.) Thebest is that whic h hath no Fat; the best , without Dresse,and the best , that which is made of the Lightest|#Wood. I only touch somecheif Thinge(s) of this, b ecause there are divers Bookes, concerning many Conclusi<|>]ons,touching the eff ects of in all kindes.. that (in ) where we lay the ; The greatest care in placing this must be, to haue it farthest from the Vse of any fi er, zfreest from the danger of . . ] a word Vsed amongst them, in the stead of : as when we c ome to Fight, the bids them make the : Make the :that is, Make them for to Vse in Fight: A , that is, When Her are all Cleere, and the , and all thinge(s) fitted fo r Fight: Also Makethe : Is to laye Things out of the way, so as that they may the in com(m)odiously. . a litle , Crosse over the , close at the , t hatif one part of the should breake, the other should not run through the |]#,to endanger the . (MANW:131) ] so fitting the wth fine dry , and putting in a , to peirce the , so that the being fire d, ye in the may likewise fier too; for if the in t he be fired, andthe rest within the goe not off, we say sh e was not , or not well; For this, there is made very s mall, and extraordinary drye, and ye hath it in a great Horne at his Gir dle, in Fight, which he calls his; Also the first Ground, or Cul lour which is Laid|#on, for othersto come|#over it in , is ca lled .. ] . . the fore|#most part of the , considered , and not Belowe betwe enethe , or in : To in the , is to in the < Fore|#Castle>: The, are those which lye Before. Goe into the : thatis to Goe into the before the ; and it is most truly vnderstoodfor that Part which is betwixt the , and the . ] nailed round to the of the z , close to ye end: and so in 3. or 4. or more a distau(n)ce one from an other, vpon each . Thevse of them, is to save the from galling #a sunder vpon the , when wee the : Also the of the of the . wth, to save the of the from gal ling against the , is called the of the . small , with one or two in them; and may either be call ed(MANW:132) soe, or by the name of small ; (for great are not Vsually called by thename of :) as the of the , , zc.. are three sorts of vsed in : the first, z most com(m)on are ordinary , such as are vsed on ; and theis doe stand by the :The next is a , Which is not vsed in English , but haue themin the sides of their , and are called by the name o f , because theyhaue broad long , that doe hold much : the manner of theis, is toHaue a Staff, some 6. or 7. foote long, a t the end whereof is a of wood, whertothe Leather is nailed: and This doth serve in stead of the ; and soe two men standingright over the , doe thrust|#downe this Staff, to the midest whereof is a long enoug h, for 6. 8. 10. or more to hold|#by, and soe they pull it vp, anddraw the water : This doth deliuer more water then the former, and isnot soe Laborious t o pump|#at. The third z best sort, are : Theisdeliver most water, and with most ease for the Company; and are soonest mended ifany thing faile, h aving spare Esses, if any chaunce to give way. Theis haue a full of , and a , which makes it deliver so much and goe soe easely:The Terme is (for ) to ; and at z , theyr eckon by the ; as to say a of .200. : But to the goe by . The ; that is Drawes wind, an d hath noeWater that comes to it. There are also made of a , or e ls of Lattin,which we put|#downe into the , to pump|#vp the Drinck: for at Sea (in) we vse noe Spicketts>. . ] they |#by, in the sort of . (MANW:133) . ] the # which they drawe Water in, to powre into the : and this is a great #. . (as it were) the , wherein the Water doth run alongst the , out to the . . call the , or of a by our of it in wthour hands, or it in at the , or otherwise, : as the doth a|#pace, that is Drawes|#in the a |#pace: Or the doe , z the contrary. When we cannot get|#in a ny thing, or away, wee say we cannot wth yt , , or the like. that the more parts that any , , or th e like, doe goe in, the moreeasely Men may vpon them; as it is easier to with a wch hath 3. , then a wch hath but twoe. but then this is longer ] a|#doing. . ] the small wch goe from the of the ; , and , and also to the (if the , haue a) The Vse whereof is, To goe|#off the , into the : Forwhen the come neere|#Vp to the , they fall|#in so much that otherwisethey could not get into the for them: The are at ye bottom to a wch is made|#fast there to ye , or some wch is there, and above to a of iron, or to a , to wch ye of ye doe come.(MANW: 134) . ] part of the of the , wch is from the to the , or |#Peece, is called the Quarter, or the . . ] that wch is over the , till it come to the . ] when a Peece of Lies soe, and may be soe , that it will shoote in the same , or on the same as the beares. Also when a sailes with , we say .the we the , and the to ye ,and the a|#litle: T his way a goes fastest,for now all draw together. when the comes|#in the , iust with the . . , is a laid|#vp round, one over an other ,as a : yt is a |#vp: But sometime the word is taken for a whole |#Quoyled>, soe that if half yt be C utt away, theysay there is but of that . . ] to , round|#over one an other, so yt when occasion is, they may run|#out smooth, without any ; and also to lye han somlyin the : and many of the small (as the , (MANW:135) or the like) wee hang|#vp at the |#sid e, when they are so .It is a manner at Sea, every night when they set t he , to |#Vp allthe , in order, that soe they may haue th em all leare to come by in thenight, if they haue occasion to vse any of them. . ] are three manner of vsed in a . that is, ye which the vse vnder their , for to higher, or L ower:They are made broad, but thynner at one end, then at the other, with a hand le atthe broad end, to Drawe it out, or put|#it farther in, as yow haue occasion to the . the , is termed to . An other sortare called ; Theis are short, (the length of a Hand) and are madewith three edges, The vse whereof is, to put betwixt the , at the of the , to keepe the steddy, from Ro wling, and labouring one againstan other: The third sort are , and they are made of Barrell|]#boorde(s)(some fower fingers broad) of a fit len gth, to be Driven a|#Crosse betwixt the, One end, two or three hoopes fro m the Chyne|#hoopes of one , and the otherin the same manner, to an other, to keepe the Chine of the steddy from Iogging. ] . ] of the to the ; Which is a litle hollowed|]#aw ay, that the may ioyne|#in the better z closer to the of the .And this is only vsed in the , z of the , and not in the fl at ;and this hollowing a|#way, is called the of the . (MANW:136) . ] of a is so much of her , as doth ov er|#hang both ends of the , so that let|#fall a Perpendiculer vpon the end of the , a tthe setting|#on of the , so much as with|#out that , is her : and so in the like manner at the Setting|#on of her ,and that is her . Comonly the , is morethen a Third, but lesse then a half of the Length of her . There is n otany one rule obserued amongst all : for some give Long, great as generally all |#built: the not so much: and for the , it being of no Vse for the , (but only for to make her as they call it) they give as litle as may be, which com(m)only is abo ut a 4. or 5thpart of her : A great , gives a good , and makes her keepe a good|#Wind: But if she Haue not a g oodfull , it will make her mightely into the ; besides it dothmightely Charge the , because it doth over|#hang the Naile: and if a Haue but a small , She will com(m)only be too , and soe mee te ye Seato sodainly vpon her , which will hinder her going|#through much . The is, the Fuller must be her : the best Conditio ned Haue neither too|#much, nor too|#litle. . is a great with 3. in it, into which are the , and at the of it, into a , are the . This dothonly belong to the z . . , with a round peece of wood at the end of it, the outwardmost (MANW:137) being flat, somewhat lesse then the of the to which it doth belong: andThis it is to Drive|#home the close to the of the , and so the to the , and the to the ; and that is called the z . . ] are Twoe, the one , vpon the , a litle the ; the other in the , before the of the ;That in the , is a small peece of , which goes o ver|#from theone side to the other, and there is fastned to two , and i n the midle, on eitherside the two , which are fastned to th e , and this in which run the in a ; and hath divers woodden through it, to vnto, as the , ,and , the . That in the is in thesame forme; Wherevnto is the , the of the, and other belonging to the , z . . ] , wherewth they make the , by which we goe|Vp th e z the , and soe the in great : andtheis , wch make the looke like , are called ye ofthe . . ] the of any Two of , wch beare in a to one an other; which terme is most com(m)only vsed in , as ,, and the like, the being c ounted soe farr(MANW:138) as yow can see the to Lie in a straight Line. Also some call the distanceand Crossing|#over betwixt z the First , Entring to the ] , . . ] word is vsed iust in the same sence, (in respect of ) that , or , or would be: but they e ver Vse thisword , as when they would expresse that the is Put|# the ,we say it is . Or instead of through a we say it in that : as the are in the and . And it is generally to be vnd erstood z applied to all thatpasse|#through , , z the like. And soe when wewould haue that pulled out of t he zc, we say that :Or the , , zc. are .. ] resemblance that the (yt i s the ) of the haue, when the are off, to the of a dead|#Carkas, we doe, in that ki nd call allthose (by a generall appellation) the of the , though otherwise theyhaue perticuler names. As if two in a Sea|#gate, lye a|# one an other,and haue broake (with her waight) some of the others , they will sayShe hath broake some of her . Also thos e litle|#long|#woodden|#Peeces, which aremade with , like the vnd er the , and doe belong to the of the , are called the of the .. ] say a , when as he r doe hold|#her fast, so as that she doth not with the , or Wind: for though she fro m one sideto the other, yet if her doe hold|#fast, and come not home, we say (MANW:139) . To a great : yt is, to wher e the Sea z Wind had much powreover the , and straine the very h ard. , a easiest zwith more security, having but 2. together ( which they call a ,)then she will by three single : for the of the , will give her morescope to Play z vpon the Sea, wth ease by reason also the waight of the can hardly st raine it; For when a great Sea comes to |#vp the , the is long before it come to strayning, that the force of the Sea wilbe past before it can come|#vp, to beare so much Stresse, as a shorter would doe. The Deeper ye wateris, the worsser it is to , and requires much more , in pro portion, then; for though in the the Sea will b reake more, yet ithath not that power z waight wch the Deepe|#Water hath. When w e anyextraordinary , we strike|#downe #or , z bring #o r ;in much Wind especially. To a|#Crosse, is to wth #or , z |#vp to the , z both alike. To ,is to wth the ; and also when we wth her iustover the , the n we ; that is When we ready to .When they w ould expresse that they haue a great z Stresse, they saythey : yt is, that the Water brake into the . To ,is to with her Side to the Tide, then she never straines her ; To betwixt Wind z Tide, is when the Wind z Tide haue equall power, one one|]#way,the other, the other way, so that the lies rowling wth her Broa d|#side in ye of the Sea, and thus she will Rowle mightely, but not stra ine her .. ] great (in , or els ) which are not properly belong|]ing (MANW:140) to the Built of the , but only Bolted|#on vpon the other , tostrengthen them where they find the to be weake. d oe sparethem as much as they can, because they hinder of , in .. of the , are all wch belong either to , or ; and more perticulerly we say the is , the are ; thatis, When they haue all the that belong vnto them: We say a is well, When the belonging to her, are of a fit size, n ot too big, nor too litle.Also when there are noe Vnnecessary , putt vp, (as too|#many , for the , , or the like) : When that we say a is over|#, it ismeant the are too|# big for her: Which is a great wronging to the |#sayling,for a litle waigh t doth hinder more then a great|#deale a|#lowe; by making the apte r to , z holding : for that the Vprighter any goes, the better she doth saile: for a can never saile|#wel l By thewind. To tell the perticulers of a , will require a smal l discourse byitself, and would be too long for this, and therefore I leave it t o some other occasion. ] . ] those Thick which goe , z , on both si des, vnder ye ends of the z of the second , the third , the z ,whereon the z of theis doe beare at both ends, by the |#sides;But those thick , wch (in the like sort ) doe beare vp the Lower , are ] called . . ] the placed on the ; Which beare this name, in respect, (MANW:141) that according to the by litle z litle of theis , so e the z ofthe doth by litle z litle from her flat .. ] any Place where a may neere the , a nd yet cannot , for all Windes. a good is, where there is good Ground fo r ;, and soe as that how ere the wind blowe, there can no great Sea|#gatecome|#in, being the may be in the Wind on one side, and some Sands, Rocke(s), or thelike, to breake|#off the Sea, on the other. Als o we say, if it be a place (as in divers placesof z others) where the Sea will give a man warning (that is the Sea willcome swelling|#in before the W ind, as at ) of any fowle|#weather; so yt a manmay haue time to set|#, and goe to some other , on the other side of the , , or the Like, and this we call of . A wild|# is, a where there is litle on either side, but lies all open to the Sea, a s to vpon a , or alongst a , where there is no , or any thing to breake|]#offthe Sea or Wind if it come|#off the Sea; A Bad is ye contrary to ye Good.: call any that at an , in a , a . . yt belonging to a , is called by the name of .as we say, a is a good or bad , according as it is: and soe a , or ye like.But more perticulerly, only some, which (besides their p erticuler appellations) haue thegenerall word added to them: those are f irst an , a ,a , a , a , a , a ,a , a , and a .. the of any vntwisted; but most com(m)only it is made of yeends of (half|#woren, or soe) They serve for many Vses, as to small(MANW:142) with, or to make , , or the like; a lso (which is two twistedtogeather) and : They serve also to Make|#vp the , of ye ,and therefore still when we Take|#in #or , the Boyes of the , are to attend the with theis , to furnish them, as they haue occasion to vse them.. ] < Are> litle , into the of the , vnder the < head|]#Roape>: and are to make|#fast the vnto the : and the Terme is the , and not Tye|#them: and That Sea|#fayring|#men ever vse the word, in|#stead of Tying, as Land|#men vse to say Tye a . . ] those |#sawen) yt goe from the to the , and are to Beare|#vp the z the Ledges> whereon the Lye; Theis are supported vnder wth ,wch rest vpon the ; also if they haue occasion to Vse any such Pe ece overthe , for or , it is called a . is that litle , Vnto which the are :The of are thus fastned together. also the < Plancks> of ye are fastned so together: Which kind of Work is called .. ] the Vppermost of the of t he , and that which com(m)only is the . . ] is a Terme vsed to the z , when the W ind vpon them, then they the , or , and (MANW:143) the , to the , and the t o the ,this they call , or the : the being there, they them downe (to keepe them steddy fro m flying|#vp) with a called a .. ] that peece of or , wherein the doth goe: and is made to turne|#about, that it may Carry the from side to side with mor e ease. ] a word they vse perticulerly when as a or doth Lye slack in the water, and they would haue it made : as When a butby one , vpon the Turning of the the wilbe slack, and soe wilbein danger to fowle aboue the , Then (to keepe it stiff z ) they will so much as lies , and this they call the , or the ; But it is not Vsed to the of any other (as , or the like.) . ] that peece of wch hangs at the of th e , having 4. 5. or 6. (wch are called ) according to the bignes o f the, fastned to them: Which are fitted for the at t he , andsoe by theis the is hanged to the . is the Bridle whichgovernes the : The narrower the is the better, if the doe feele it,For a Broad|# doth hold much water, if the be put|#over to any side:But if the haue a fatt , so yt the Water cannot come quick, and strongto the , then she will req uire a Broad|#: The Putting|#to of ye is termed ye . The part, or Edge of the , wch is next the, is call ed the of the : the part is called the of t he .(MANW:144) . ] , or , which is into one of the , neere ye , and soe likewise through the , and then both Ends are together.This serves to save the , if it chaunce to be beaten|#off , when the strikes ] a|#Ground. . ] the of that , whereof the is part: and Theis are fastned z nailed round about the of the . . ] to any , or Luggage out of a place betwixt the , or any where els; But most com(m)only we Vse this word to the and Cleeri ng ofThings in the ; so yt or may be well z placed.Soe, when they would haue this don, they say they will goe the .. ] that part of the , which comes thyn ner z Lancker a|way by degrees from the , all along to the . This is also calledthe : for as She hath either a good or bad , soe ye waterdoth passe away swiftly or slowly alongst her; and the d oth make more :We say a hath a good when it is Long; and comes |#off hansomly by degrees,and that her doe not lye too , which will hinder the water from Com(m)ingstrongly z swiftly to the ; and a Bad , when as it is short, and that ye is too Full belowe, soe yt the Water comes slowly z weakely to the , theforce of it being broaken|#off by th e Breadth of the alowe; which will make(as it were) an , at the , (and that we call a ) The is of maine importau( n)ce for the : For if the Water come not(MANW:145) swiftly to th e , she will never |#well: and it is a generall observac(i)ontha t, that wch doth not |#well, cannot saile well; and then she cann otkeepe a good|#Wind; For if a haue not fresh|#way through the Sea, she must needes wth ye Sea; And therefore when will not |#well, they Lengthen|#them , Or put to a falce . doe not give so much , as a may doe, bec ause yeNarrowing|#in of the belowe, doth loose much . . the or Ends of the , Which are made a litle Compassing, z doe lead, or Direct (as it were) the z Mowld of the : For in theis the which give the and Bearing of the doe begin:Also more generally, the out|#ward|#Ends of the (wch are i n the same mannerCompassing) are called : For the , wch is Bolted into the other, is also bolted into Theis, and they say it is bolted ( z ) to the. . ] the , wch doe give the of the ; and theis are Bolted to the , being straight, saving at the Ends, where they begin to C ompas ] a litle. . ] a which is a part of that doth belong to the , and ye two Boat|#, that Before which comes in the of the , and that which comes in the of the . It is in a single , which (MANW:146) is to the End of a , and hath at one end a to intoany thing, and at the other end a , wherein is the of the , or the , which doe more the n the , or would doe without it: and therefore to heavy Things t hey Vsethis, but for Light|#ones they only Vse the , which hath a with a , which is to the of the ; the, that is, to Pull|#downe that end which hath the in i t, to itinto the , or the like. ] ] every in the there belongs a ; and th ey are called after the name of those wherevnto they belong. All (that is, those wch belong to the , and ) doe keepe the from the Wind, and are Vsed to ye : all (that is, the, z ) doe keepe her to the wind: and therefore f ewe are so well|#Conditioned as to with one , butmust haue one , and an other (as it were) t o Counter|]maundone an|#other; Yet some will with their only. At Sea they call a a ; as when they descrie a , they saya , . The are cutt, in Proportion, as th e z are in Length, and Breadth one to an other, (excepting the z is cutt by the , twice as d eepe as the is Long from ye to the : and ye is 3/4 as deepe as the . any , is to Lay . , a peece of Canvas, or any the like, vpon a , and so rowle it fast about, to keep the from Galling: as we the at ye of the ,the , or any the like, which are in danger of fretting agai nst anypart of the , , or . . ] when the end of one is Let|#into the end of an othe r, very close z even, or (as they terme it) z : that is so much taken away o f theone, as is of the other: In this manner the is fastned to the , and ytis called the of the : But yet when there is not a pee ce of TimberLong enough to make the , then they make it of more, wch are oneinto the other; So when the , or any other Timber (wch ought to be entirez all|#one) is too short, it is peeced in this manner, and yt they call .. ] a square , (so much as conveniently a man may goe downe at) Cut through any , or any part of the , to goe|#downe by, into any Roome :Most com(m)only they are in theis places; One close before the , a t the before the , in the , in the for the. One in the Gun|#, to goe|#downe into th e :One in the , to goe|#downe into the , if they be putfrom the Fight a|#loft: and so in any place where they desire to goe through one downe into an other: also for Vent for the , there are small with : They haue all Covers fitted for them, Least Men(MANW:148) in the night should fall into them: Also all the l itle Windowes, z which are Cut|#out aloft in the , or , are called ] . ] to , or (as yow would say) to any together, with some small , , or any . also the Fastning of a at the end of a , or the like (it being b ound|#to withsome small , or the like) is called . Soe if any be so Long(as the are ever) and the end be bound|#vp vnto the sa me wth anything, we call it . So that in generall, the word , implies asmuch as any thing together so as yt they cannot slip |#out: as the into the , z the like. The , is a made|]#fastinto a litle , or a , in of the , and is the which in they the by, to the |#sides.. ] is no difference betwixt z ; but that is a steddy of the on a|#side, either when she is a|#Ground, at an Anchor,or Vnder|#; and is a sodaine , or tu mbling to one side, or theother, when the Sea doth forsake|#her, yt is when the Wave of ye Sea is past fromVnder, faster then she can Drive away with it, then w hen a lies downe on a sideafter it, we say . The , is when she rowles to : thereis no great danger in this , th ough it be in a great storme, because the Seawill presently come vnder, and her, but then when she rowles|#back toWind|#ward, the danger is least she sh ould come|#over too short, and sodainely, andsoe the Wave breake right into her, and |#her, or Carry awaie(MANW:149) some of her , as it hath fallen|#out with many : Soe that is but a Sodaine , forced by the Motion, and force of the Sea, or Wind.. ] F alls (whether Vnder|#, or at an ) with her , or with her deepe into the of ye Sea, we say much, either , or #a ; The reason of wth her is, if Shehaue a litle , not sufficient to beare her vp, and a fatt|#Quar ter to : and so for her , it is contr ary, When she hath too a , and too Full, or Fatt . . is to (by the ) how the beares vpon any of the : This they vse most com(m)only to doe, when they are going|#o ff to Seafrom any Land; to Mark how it did Beare|#off them, that thereby they ma y keepethe better Accompt, and direct theire . Also they vse to y e by the, that is, to Mark vpon what it is, To know ther eby the hower of theday. So when two saile in sight, (especially when a a) they will by the , that is Ma rk vpon what sheBeares. Then if they stand both one|#way (as com(m)only they doe, if the striveto goe a|#way) by This we knowe whether we vpon her (that is Out|]#saileher) or noe: for if we Bring her we doe Out|#saile her: yf we bring her, She Out|#sailes vs: yf we alter not , then we goe both a|#like; as for example:The Wind being at , we stand b oth away , and the beares ,that wilbe on my , then if in Sayling, I bring her to Beare, and I by , I haue brought her a ; and if I bring her, I haue brought he r iust wth my , and soe I see I(MANW:150) fetch vpon her: and i t is called ; because whereas before She barevpon my , now She beares vpon my , and soe the contrary.. ] we haue occasion to lower, it is termed , as if her lye too high, and we would haue them lye neere the Water; o rthat the be too close, and we desire rather to the Lower|#most , then toraise the vpper|#most. . ] the Water is gon from the , so that She lye s , we say the is , Or if it be but gon from any part, as her , We say the is. Yf it be a place where the Water doth not so muc h, that the may lie round, we say She cannot there. . ] a kind of (but not round) made somewhat Long|#wise, Larger at one end then the other; In the midle of the , on the , they are Vse d to shutt|#fastthe , with a Billet, which they Vse to Barr|#downe the

with, and that iscalled the of the : also the Fashion, but smal l|#ones are made|#fast into theCorner of the to lyft the |#vp by them.. ] longest part of the , is called the of the . . ] a short , fastned vnder the with a Bolt, to ye side, and at the other end hath a ; Vpon the doth rest t he whole waightof the of the , when it lyes by the Ships|# side: and the bywhich it is |#vp, is made|#fast about a Timber|#h ead. This is seldom, or(MANW:151) not at all vsed at Sea, but in a , or a .. ] when the goes In z Out vnder|#saile, and he at the doth not her . also where a runs very swift the will In andOut, and so much in some places that they are fayne to haue one stand at the , zto her vpon the , for feare She should her ; that isDrawe them home: Or if it be neere the , She may .. are to the of all : In all that are lowe they sewe to , or the of the ; but in they serve to (yt is to |#close) the of the to the .When they the o f the , it is to Make ye keepe By thewind; When they the of the , it is to Make her Fall|#offfrom the Win d, for the doth the of the By the wind.W hen the will not Fall|#off from the Wind, they Flat|#in the ; ytis Pull the flat in by the , as neere into the |#sid e as may be. of any , that is to Veere|#out, or a litle of it. the; that is Let it run|#out as farr as it will, and then the will hold noeWind, but Ly fluttring loose, and then i f it be an extraordinary Stresse of wind, it will the to peeces; But this we doe both with , and the other when we suspect the Wind wilbe soe great that it will Carry #or By the, o r the . Also in great stiff Gales we vse to an other < Roape>to the of the above the , to succour z ease the , least itshould breake, and that we call a falce|# ; and This is only vsed to ye z . Those vnder|#Wa ter, wch come along the of the , and areclosed to the , are called ; And that Part in the of the < Ship>, is called the .(MANW:152) ] as it were < Casing> of a . It is don with thyn Boords, and Haire and Tarr laid betwixt the |#sides z those Boordes. This is done only Vnder|#W ater, ora very litle aboue: The Vse whereof is to keepe the Wormes from Eating t hrough the, as generally in all places to ye they doe. Th e thynner ye Boorde(s),the better, for then the Worme will presently be at the T ar, which he cannot abide, andsoe hath not meanes nor roome to Work in z out of the , and soe will eateaway more when it is thick, then when it is thyn. . ] a kind of , which they cast vpon a , wh en it is too long soe that it cannot the Goode(s) over the |#side vnles it be short ned: and by this, they can quickly shorten|#it vp as much as they list, an d instantly Vndoe it ] againe. . ] two , or , or if it be but Poles, are set|#Vp, an|#end, a pretty distau(n)ce off at the Bottom, but a|#Crosse one an other aloft, neerer the Toppe,we call them a of . To this is fastned a d ouble|# with a: They are placed at the Bottom vpon the of the , andthere are to the |#sides, with aloft which come downe to the|#sides, to keepe them : The vse of them is, either to Sett|#in a ,or to Take|#out a : O r if they haue noe , theis serve to and out ] the Goods. . Great of (about the Bignes of a small z more) They are Lett|#into the of the z . The Vse w hereof(MANW:153) is, That if a (vnder ) come to Boord her, that ha th theis , Shewill Cut her , or Teare her downe wit h theis : Some doevse them, but they are most Vnvse|#full, z Vnnecessary Thinge(s), and dangerous for yebreaking of a , if the should Catc h in the other .. ] are two sorts of vsed, either of or : The are now litle Vsed but in the of the : The are either of one Whole peece, and Theis they vse for all small

z small ,But in the z they vs e which are made ofQuarters of let|#in to each other: for thei s will hold, when the whole will Splitt, and are called .. ] any Peeces of Timber, or any thing els, that is Set, to Beare|#vpp an other, from sincking or Falling; as When a is in danger of , we |#fast or to their sides, they Bearin g on the Ground,and theis we call , vp. Also some Timber s that are sett toBeare|#vp a when it is weake, or over|#charged with wai ght, are called .. ] counted the neere the Sea: o r ye of the Sea. The is that whereon the Wind blowes: Sea|#men avoid This by all meanes, for it is da nge|]rous,if it : The is that from Whence the Wind comes.. are many kinds of ; that which flies farthest, and peirces most is : Next is , which is good for z , z : theother , which will not fly so farr, but is very good for the , and(MANW:154) the like, and for Men, and so is , a nd , or ; wchis good to ply amongst men which stand nak ed, plying of the small|#.. together Make a : and the Vse of them is great, i ndeepe waters, and great : for a doth much easier by one < Shott>, thenby three short . . and is all one. When they say there is very good it is meant that the Water doth grow Shallower, by degrees z not sodainely, nor some|]#timesdeepe, and sometimes sodainly a or Banck: It is very safe, z com(m)odiousgoing|#in with a where there is good , for by th at we haue some certentywhere abouts we are, and how far distant from the , if the be first knowne.and com(m)only where there is good , the is not dangerous.. are those which come from either side of all the .The , , and , haue at the Lower Ends , , into them: and are Set|#vp by to the , which hauealso in them: At the other end the y are fastned over the of the, the , , z being first put|#on vnder them; at this vpper|]#mostpart they are , for Galling against the : The are in the same ma nner fastned with z to the , or the of wch belong to them: and aloft over the of the , as the other. the ; the , that is, Make t hem ; Some desire to haue the , some Slack. The are to Sett|#vpp the, : The h ath no .(MANW:155) . , or Hollow Concave of a Peece of , is called ye .. ] a , or a made of , comonly of 2 . 6. or 9. wch are divided into three parts, and one over an other, as they Plat Hors esMaynes; and soe is beaten smooth and flat with a Mallet: The Vse of it is to < Sarue> ] . . ] that litle part of the , wch is Cutt Slaunting, and is Left a litle without the : the reason z Vse whereof is only intended to be, Tha t itshould save the from Beating|#off, if the should chaunce to Beatea|#ground. But theis are very vnvsefull and inconvenient, for firs t, they areapt to snap|#off, and so endanger the : Next, in a or where many , they are apt to Catch an other betwixt that and the; and lastly, When the is Vnder|#, they hold much betwixtthem, and the ; therefore it i s better to haue no , but to hang the downe close to the , with the Bottom even to the Bottom of the , onlypar^d|#away a lit le sloaping towards the side of it. ] . , or Skupper|#holes>. the close to all ye , through the |#sides, whereat ye Waterdoth run forth of ye from ye : and many haue them ma de of .. the round which are nayled over the , that belo ng(MANW:156) to the Lower , Which will keep|#out the Sea|#water from Com(m )ing|#in, and yet giveLeave to any Water to run|#out of the . Theis are al so over the of ye ] . ] litle short with broad heads, made of purpose to Naile on the : With Theis also they Naile|#on the of the z .. ] any part of a or (that is meant of the Midle, not of the end) doth hang slack without the , as the , when it is in the Water:or the , , , or the like, doe hang in the Water, or Loose by the|#side, then they say the of t he or : Also whenit hath byn a of fowle|#Weather, and tha t there comes an or smalltime of faire Weather, to serve their turnes, they call it a litle of faireWeather; or the contrary. . ] those wch lye z the bottom of the , on either side the , iust as the doe goe. The Lower|#most of theis, is b olted tothe , and the vppermost to the , and soe theis be tweene them, doestrengthen and Bind|#fast the z the , wch are Let|#downe one by another, and haue noe other Binding but theis . Thei s doe (as itwere) and discribe the Narrowing of the . . ] are first to in when we it in, or any the like: Which are made of a , at either end into itself, Maki ng an(MANW:157) at either end, soe Large as they thinck fitt to receive in to it the : and thenthe midle part of the also they togeth er, and then make an other Eiefor to |#in the of the , or . Another sort are made Longwith a small Eie at either end, to put the one over ye of the , theother to Come over the end of a of , which is putt into the of the, and soe by theis the y it in: A third sort is any or wherewith we bind|#fast the aloft to the , z the of the ; to yeend tha t if the should breake, the may not Come|#downe: theis are called ; which are cheifely Vsed when we come to fight, for feare of Cutting th e ] . ] to any , , , or the Like, in a of ] . ] a small wch is made|#fast to ye below next the : and when the is |#vp, this is made|#vp along st withit, to the Vpper|#end of the (the being made|#vp wth )and soe comes|#downe to the . The vse whereof is, to Loose the without Striking|#downe the : for they pull this , and that breaks all ye, and so the comes|#downe. This

is called a ;so they say the , that is Pull th at , that the may ] Come|#downe. (MANW:158) . a great with a in it, and a Notch cut through one of the of it; by which Notch they any into it: and this i s forquicknes to the in; for by this Notch one may the m idle partof a into the , without passing it in by the End, which would be longer#a doing: It is made|#fast com(m)only with a , about the < Maine|#Mast>, close tothe Vpper|#; and is cheifely vsed for the of the , which is in that and so brought to the .. ] into which the of the , , or the like, doe goe, are called : also some call the wherein the of th e doehang, by the name of . . ] great of the Sea, betwixt two where there is no passage through may be called a ; as zc. But when they name <#The Sownd>, it is meant of that of the , being the most F amousand greatest Sea, that is knowne by the name of a . . ] to with a , a Pole, or any thing els the of the Water: Also when we would knowe what Water is in the of the , we put|#downe a s mall, with some Waight to it, and that is called . if you would know more of . (MANW:159) . as the , only it is com(m)only but seaven pound waight, z about Twelue ynches Long; In stead of bidding one , they say the differences betwixt the , z the are theis, The is bigger then the . A is c om(m)only Cutt to20. , or litle more, the other wilbe 100. or 200. ; The one is Vsed in, the other in Deepe . The is first marked at 20. ,and so to 30. 40. zc. But the is thus marked, At 2. nextto the , it is marked with a peece of black Leather, put betwixt the Strands, andat 3. the Like: at 5. a peec e of white wollen Cloth: at 7. apeece of redd Cloth: at 10. a peece of leather: at 15. , either a White Clothor a peece of Leather, and soe it is marked no farther. This may be vsed whenthe is vnder|#, but the cannot with any certenty.. ] (as it were) great with flat ; and are of divers Lengthes, (a foote or two Long) Some of them are ragged , that t heymay not drawe|#out againe. They are Vsed in many places, for fastning of z . In fowle weather they Vse to |#vp the ; thatis Naile|#downe a and the like to the , close to the of ye ,to help to keep the strong vp to the |#side , least they should breakeloose when the rowles; and for their farther ea se, they vse to take|#off ] the . (MANW:160) . ] (as you would say) the . as when they an hundred , or a Glasse,they call it a . a , that is Others come to Work; as Rowing inthe . When one saies to an other, he will give him a , that is, Roweor Pump in his place: and this Word is com(m)only vsed only to
z .. ] a hath much Wind in it, and that for any occasion, either to Take it in, or for feare of wronging the ,) we Let the Wind out of it, so e asthat it may haue no force in it, we say the : Which is don by Lettinggoe the z , and the in th e Wind; then the will lye all Loose in the Wind. But this word is most co m(m)only vsed to the when they Take|#in the or it vp, they say .. ] or is broak e, by fowle|#Weather, or any the like occasion, they say They haue their or : But if it come by Fight, o r soethey doe not vse the word , but by the , or Carried|#a way by the with a ; or with an other or that may be bigger ] and stronger. ] the smallest part of the , which is betwixt the tw o . To the of the , are to the Violl. ] to Make|# the Ends of one into the other, by o pening the (MANW:161) , at the ends of both the , and then, with a , laying every orderly out into an other: also when we would make an Eie at the end of a ,wee take the end of the , z Vndooe the , and soe opening the wherewe would haue the , with a we drawe|#in the ends of the , and soeWeaving of them orderly, make the < Splise>, and soe the ends downe withsome , or the like. There a re theis sorts of : the : that isthe of the En ds of two one into an other, as I discribed. the |]#,that is when the End of either are into the other , somed istau(n)ce fromm the end, and not one end in an other as the first; then they wi ll makea Long Slit (as it were) betwixt them, which is the reason of the name. . the Wind hath Blowne a to peeces, we say the is , Also when breake we say they . Yf a come and breake a of a , it the . to Put a , and the Sea, without any , an dthat is called : This is done most com(m)only when, in a grea t Storme a Shipis so weake with age, or labouring, that we dare not lay her vnde r the Sea; For thougha when she doth Rowle|#more, yet she straines not so much: but ifshe be a dangerous|#Rowling , then perforce < She> must be , forels she will Rowle Her by the Boo rd: and also it is dangerous, for if a Sea shouldover|#take her when she hath a desperate , it may chaunce to breake|#in, and her; sometimes the n to make her goe the Steddier, they the ; Which isalso call ed with the : When they doe this, they are sure ofSea|#r oome enough.(MANW:162) . ] a is but crackt in any part (as at the , , or els where) we say It is : as they their with Bearing a zc.To ones . . after the dead , the begin to Lift, and growe Higher, we sayit is . Neere vpon three daies before the z Change of the , ye begins, and the Top, or highest of the is three daies a fter, then the Water dothhigh most with the , and lowe most with the ; which is the reason that attheis times we z all of #or great . The also run muchstronger, and swifter then in the . ] . . ] . ] . . of a of , is that which makes it cleane: They are com(m)only put at the end of a , which is made somewhat b igger there, according tothe of the , so as the may goe|# in full and Close, but not|#too straight:but we haue also fitted to the ends of a , so is the also, to and with|#in|#Boord : We ever a of before we put in (MANW:163) I n Fight, when the is plied|#fast, to keepe it from heating we the. is the best, but els with Vinegre, Water, or what we haue. . , the ends scraped thyn, and so one to the end of an other with a Wrintch, and make it as Long as they list. This serves to s ome of. . ] the , or betwixt the , or betwixt the by the |]#sides , z , above, and belowe. To the belowe in , wch ar e belowthe ; there are Boords fitted, which they take|#vp, to Cleere t he , yfany get in betwixt the : but for those alof t, there is no Vse, only itwere good they were in all , fitted|#vp with L ight wood, or old Iuncks, to keepthe |#sides , . . , are those of , or rather that end ofa wch is made|#fast to any part of the , to distinguish i t from theother part whereon we vse to ; as the of the is that which is made|#fast by a into a at the ; z the like: forwhen we say the , that is meant by the ; but if the say the , then they vpo n the . The same is of all, z . . counted all those , z ) w ch are notvsed to be , or to in any , but are only , or Slacker as they haueoccasion. (MANW:164) . we the before ye can be ready to be , She mu stcome , or #a : that is, When the comes|#in at the wchwas the before; and all the backward against the z , so that the hath no , but drives w th the Broad|#side. The mannerof doing it is, At one time, and together to Beare |#vp the , Let|#fly the of the , and Let|#goe the , and the weather|# ofthe : the same to the , and , only they keep|]#fasttheir . Yf the be out, then they Let goe the w ith the , and the ; (The , ,, of the , z sta nding|#fastas they did) To be , That is, when the comes contrary onthe sodaine (which happens most vpon or Calme Weathers: ) and sobrings the ; Sometimes by the negligence of him at the , some|]#timesif it be litle Wind, and a Sea on the , a may misse, that is to Fall|#back, and Fill againe; The best Conditioned arethose wch with least , as with Two , or , and, but no will with lesse then those, and fewe with so litle.. , , z haue , excepting the . The is made|#fast by a , to a, wch comes about the of the ; The , is made|]#fastinto the of the by a , and a there: The, is in like manner made|#fast to the of the .(MANW:165) The , and belonging to it, are, in the same manner at the , and : and theis doe likewisehelp to the . The comes to the , by the, and t he come to the wth . TheVse of thei s are, to keepe the from falling towards the .There is much difference in of , in respect of a sayli ng, orWorking. Generally the more the hang, the more a will keepein the Wind, and the , the Lesse. The their < Masts> much, because els their (being long|#floaty ) would n ever keepe a Wind.but short, and deepe rather covet Vp|#; There are many differencesof Conditions in , for their Sayling according as they are , for some willhaue the , some Slack: The of all , wch hauethem (those are only the , z , and the belonging to them)goe|#downe on either side the , and are to keepe the from , over|#Boord. . of the , is called the , by a general lappellation, but most exactly considered, only the very outward|#most part is the; for the is counted to be from the t o the , and FashionPeece of the . . ] . . ] to the wth the . He best t hat keepes the evenest from In z out; and also that Vses Least Motion in Puttin g(MANW:166) the too|#far over: There are three kind of Directions to by: the oneis, By the , that is to by any Mark on the , and so to keepe even by that: this is easie: The next is, by the ; that is, to keepethe vpon a of the : this is hard er, because the will come Before the : and the third is, To as they are Directedand ; and this is easiest of all. Yf yow would know the Termes belonging to, . . the where they ; Out of which they may see the of the , to see if they be in the Wind, or not. . of the ; is that great , which comes Compassing from the (wherein it is ) vp . This, it may be, isnot all of one (as in great it cannot) and This do th guide the of the . When two stand , they c ome right with their one against an other. To give a , th at is to run|#right vponher with the ; To a|#Boord a , that is the same asGiving the . . call that peece of , which is made|#fast to the , or wherein the doth stand, a : also those Places, and Timber wherein the , , and doe stand, are ] call ed . , or . say the , or when it stands too|]#,and not straight enough. Also the call the (MANW:167) of their , (which they force|#in with Skrewes, som uch that the will rise 6. or 8. ynches) of . . ] that part of the where the are . . the cannot come to the , then we say the is ;and that is When the haue some or any thing els gott intothem, soe that the Water cannot passe, we say the are . A lsowhen any thing is gotten in, or about the Bottom of the , so that it cannot drawe water, we say the is . Corne, and the like, is very ] bad for this. . ] they come to an , and haue Let run|#out a sufficient q uantity of , to make the ; Or that the be in an Current where it isbest to |#her a litle by degrees, then they say the : and soe theyhold|#fast the , and then |#out a litle more, and so fully, toLet Her . For , . . ] a peece of a having a at one end, and a to it; and the other end is made|#fast to some : as the forthe , to the by the . The for the ,to the . The Vse of them is cheifely for the , to ye when we come to an , that it may goe| #out by litle z litle. Themanner is, but binding this about the wth the , andit will instantly Catch hold in it, so it cannot sli p|#away, as the (MANW:168) doe, wch hold|#off the : The Terme i s the , and the : Also we vse th em to the when the is to it, till the < Halliards> be . A by the , when ye is no t , but only by them: but this is not saffe in ] a . . to any in , in ; for els we say it is not , butLies in : also we call it betweene the , if any or be placed in Order vpon the : But it is not vsed i n this kind to small thinge(s)(as to a or the like) also the Placing and Laying of the in the, is called the .. the Terme for a betwixt two ; as the : orthe : yt is One : Some are built with a or two: that is When there is the whole Breadth of a or two, rysingfrom the , before they come to the : T heis are made to lyewith the Ground, for Wringing their ; but th is doth make them keepe an excellentWind: This is most vsed amongst the . ] wch is about any , yt the may thereby be made|]#fast to any place (where they haue occasion to Vse it) by the , which is made in ye, at the Arsse of the . . a small which wee vse to the . (MANW:169) . a small , wch we withall in , as Rivers, or faire weather when we : For ever we Vse the smallest t hatwe haue, if it will serve, both for Lightnes to , and to save the best from Wetting.. Vse this word, not as it is comonly, to ; but thus: When they goe the , or the , they say ye or the , that is Deliver a|long that part wch they |#by, into the Menshands, that they may be ready to , or . to Pull|#downe the : When one to an other, it is a signe of , vnles it be for occasion of Staying for one. Yf a Come|#vp with a , or any other, yf he , it is intended tha t he himself. also when a Beates vpon the Ground, they say : Soewhen we Take|#downe ye , they say ~~them downe: Soe when wee any thing into the with the , or any other , wee call it into . .~~ . ] , by any mischaunce hath lost a peece of her , and yt wee cannot come well to mend it, but (as it were) patch a new Peece vnto it, they Bi nd itwith an , wch comes vnder the , and so vpon either side ye , where it isnailed very strong with , to strengthen it. This Peece so put to ye wee call a . (MANW:170) ] all the Water is |#out, and that the d oth draw|#Wind, we say : also when a doth Draw|#downe the , and doth (as i twere) out of his hand at ye : a when shedoth thus: the reason may be either much Fowlenes; the Standing of her too|#much ; or that She may be out of her . . call a a : but it is Vsed in this sence: When they the , and the slipps back again, they say the : Toprevent which, . . doe belong to ye z , to succor the , and k eepestiff the : They haue a wch is made|#fast vnder ye , at the of the wth a double|#, through which is t he ; Which at ye ,hath a wth a : wch is in a by the ; and sothe being doth help to stengthen the : and this is about ye of the Lower Railes aloft. we bring a|#Ground, or |#them, We vse to , to ease and strengthen them: Which is don in this manner: They |] #fastall the of the z , wth a close to th e , as neereye as they can: then they Carry forward ye , z them downe as hard z as they can; and this eases the , so yt all ye waight of ye doth not hangby ye , as otherwise it woul d: and also doth help to keepe it from Rising|#out of ye .(MANW:171) . ] . Great , having a at one end, which is into y e of the ; and so first through the , and there comes|#in ata of the |#side. The Vse of this is, to Carry|# the of the, and to make it stand Close By a|#Wind: and then t he , are thus Trim(m)ed:the , , z are close a|#Boord, or as as may be, so are ye of the |#side: The are close , but the of the not so much, vnles the :the of all the are , and the as governed asthe wherevnto they belong: and hence they say a , or < Sailes> vpon a , yt is Close by|#a Wind. ye : yt is to Haueit downe Close to the . ye : yt is, Not s o Close a|#Boord.: yt is Let it goe all|#out: It is com(m)onl y to the : orels there is a which belongs to them: The is doe only belong to ye ,, z ; and they are ever made . to her about, to lye the other way: as if her lay fir st , now it must lye ; the Wind being at : Then (sup<|>]posingthe hath all her |#out, wch we vse By a Wind) thus they doe:first they make her , for wch , When s he is ; then they sayShe is : and so , z , yt is , and the, and so all ye By a|#Wind as they were before: yt is Cast|#off that wch was the , and now |#vp the other; andso all , and as a that is By|#a ] must haue. (MANW:172) . ] small , which run in three parte(s), havin g either a wth a to it, or a , and at the other end a or , to Ca tch|#hold, zheave|#in Goode(s) into the . There are thus many sorte(s) vse d: yt is the <|>]#,wch Stand one on the , the other on the to the ; and doe se rve also for other Vses: The wchbelong to ; which serve in the nature of , to keep the fromStrayning. The , wth which they |#In z out the :and lastly a : W ch . The , is called ye ;(that part which we |#vpon;) but that End wherevnto the is , iscalled the . To vpon a , is termed to vpon ye .. they the of , or , they say ] the . a small peece of Wood, Turned fitt for the Mouth of any ; Which is Put|#in there, to keepe|#out the Raine, or Sea|#water, from washing|#in, when th e lye With|#out|#. . when any , or any thing els, is made Bigger at one end, then at ye other: as ye are made , wch makes them the better, z savesa great|#deale of Stuff, because the at one end Beares litle or n o Stresse: Ihaue seene in , the . . when a is Wider at the then towards ye . (MANW:173) Some are of opinion, that theis doe not Recoyle so much: but they are notsoe good; for sometimes if the be too high, it may be it wi ll not come|#hometo the , which is dangerous for the . ] a peece of that is all |#over, to vpon a , or , to keepe the Raine from soaking|#through. . ] is very for ye of the , we sa y It is a . The haue them so for ye most part: For z narrow are best to By a|#Wind, for the stand so much the sharper;but yet they doe wring a |#sides more then a short , and a Broad|#;Which is the reason that our Vse short , z .. is to a : as we say ye ,the , or any other , when it is too slack. ] it soe exceedingly that it is not possible t o beare any , and that it is a mixt wth Raine or Haile, they call it a ; which theycount a degree aboue a Storme. . ] the whereon those that in the d oe sitt. . is Stanch, and makes but litle Water, She is : which is quickly knowne by the swell of the Water; for if the Water stinck much, it is si gneit hath layne long in ye , if it be sweet, it is signe it Comes|#in new ly.(MANW:174) . ] the Small which they beare|#against wth their , when they Rowe; and stand in vpon the vpper|#side of the of the : The y arecom(m)only made of , for Towghnes. ] is any thing that is don, or Lies a|#Crosse the , we say it Lies : and the contrary is , th at is a|]#Long the . ] word , is com(m)on both to the , z ; for it i s called of , aswell as of . is When the runs againstthe Sea; then the Sea breakes most, and goes highest, but a at strainesher Least. ; that is when the z goe both one way,then the Sea is smoother. : yt is Where the runs To it Ouer, or Vp to a Place; that is to Goe wit h the of or , and so the contrary at an , till the same come againe: and this is vsedwhen the is contrar y, but doth not ; for then they cannot atan ; and i f they keepe Vnder|#, they will Loose more in one then t hey shall get in two . When they say It in any place, the meaning of it is thus (for the Speech is mostimproper to com(m)on Vnderstanding, implying as much as if it did and a in some Places, and but an .) that the doth run three how res(wch is 4. ) longer in the , then it doth by the : by Longer is notmeant more howres (for it doth ever z . 6. howres) but thus: Yf it behigh|#Water at the at .12. #a Clock, it shall not be high |#Water in ye ,(MANW:175) till it be 3. #a Clock; which is the Compasse z time for the run(n)ing of a; So, according as it , or more, they say It runs z, that is 5. . W hen the(y) come into a , or over a ,they will say They will Bring their with them: that is to Come with ye, wch may Carry|#them over : That where it , that though the of a run ; yet the of runs vnder|]#foote,that is Close b y the Ground: And so for the of , it will ] Vnder|#foote. ] , : Which is in respect that this kind of doth not so much as three|#, and besi des runnesmoother in the : Theis are the , by which the doe hang, anddoe Carry|#vp the , when the are Strayned to < hoyse> the ;The z are first th rough the , thenthrough the at ye of the , and soe with a Turne in the ofthe , which are made|#fast to the , are fast z close to the .The , z haue but single|#, that is One dothrun in one part. The hath none; for it is made|#fast wth a of to the .. , z the is all one, therefore : Only ye word is most properly vsed for that which we the |#by: as th ey sayGiue me the of the , not the ; yet it is all one in vse.(MANW:176) ] hath , (though the re want some) we call that a of : Some haue two , or three: The ,and the being furnished make : The that is the which is in the Midle of the , when it is |#Vp.. ] the wch are tyed|#about the of the for ; and also for to Hide Men in Fight, which Lye there, to fling Fire|#, Vse small ,or the like. ] the aboue the : Theis doe < draw> very much , in a , or , if it not too|#mu ch. , are ever so long, as the vnto which they belong .but there is no absolute proportion in theis and the like thinge(s): For if a M an willhaue his |#short, he may the bolder make his long. . those wherewith we , or the ; They bel ongonly to the z ; This is through a g reat which is vnder the on one|#side, and then it is through the ofthe , where is a , which is placed , and then itis brought|#vp, and made|#fast on ye other si de of the wth a to a , wchis fastned into ye : the oth er part comes|#downe by the , and so is in the, and broug ht to the when they it.(MANW:177) . to any thing the , in the Water: as to ye ; or to a small , or the like, with a . Theneerer any thing is to the or the like when it is , the less e it dothhinder the : but the farther|#off the easier it is for that which is: for then the will not give it such Twitches. . ] which Lies the of the , be twixt the two , and doth Lay|#out her Breadth at the , is called the : This is iust vnder the . To ; yt is To iust wth the End of the where they are fastned to the . To : yt is Iust betwixt her , and her : This is the safestCom(m)ing|#vp; for there are most naked, and there doe V se to Come|]#vp:But now they begin to Cut|#out close by the . . ] call the of the , (in respect of the whe reon we saile, z the Angles wch the makes in going to, and agen) the : aswe say a Man doth his Ground when he goes In z out: We vse to Note howmany howres the hath gon vpon a : What she hath forth : howneere a Wind, and so we iudge what makes: Theis we set downe vp on aPaper besides the , wch we call a ; and then Drawing a Line from theplace where we last were, to yt place where the last Prick, or Mark is, wee seein the whole, what ; and how farr we are gone: this we call a .Then if we can , and find the and me ete, wee are sure wee(MANW:178) are Right, otherwise we trust more to the , and reforme #or by that. Also the and a of , till it comes to Lye wththe Mark, is called the of the .. wch they keepe in the , having the 32. of the marked in it, with litle on every , like a . Thisis for him at the , to keepe (as it were) a how many Glas ses they hauegon vpon of the , and so stick a pin on that : Thi s is to saue the a Labour, who cannot wth so much curiositie watch every Wind z Cowrse soexactly as he at the , especially when we Goe By a|#Wind , and the Wind: made of a ; are the made of the hart of Oake, wherewth they fasten all the vnto the Timbers: For though we Bolt the for the better assurance and strength, yet the are theywch doe not fasten the : for we doe vse as litle vn der|#Water, as weemay conveniently, least the should grow . T heis mustbe well seasoned, and not sappy, for then the wil be continually , and itwill be hard to find: Yf a (by any Beating vpon the ground) doe make a, and Come a litle|#out againe, they ter me it of a .. ioyned to the , and doe lye Crosse each|#other: and serve to ye sameVse: They differ only that the are those which goe , theother . . . to any thing with a dead|#: yt is When we by a (MANW:179) that doth not run in any , or |#vp by any devise, b ut by hand: as if anemptie be made|#fast to a yt is no , they say it vp: orany , or like Goods, wch is fastned to a , and soe |#vp by hand intothe : We call it by hand, When we haue not the help of any ,, or the like, which might easier, but only doe it by the im(m)ediate z onlyforce of hands. is to haue no more forth, but the , the ,the , the close , and the tyed|#downe close #a : Some with their only, but yt is When it Blowes so much that the cannot main<|>]tainethe . A with h er , Vnles it be anextraordinary growne Sea, will make her . 4. , but wtha not so much. . com(m)only by the of the is Vnderstood the o f her either , or a|#, or on an Even|#: In whether of th eis the goesbest, that they call her ; But, that is not only to be counted her ; for some will goe well, or Ill, according to the of the , the Slacknes ofthe , or the like; therefore, in my mind that order of her consideredwith this fitting of her z wherein the sailes best, should be countedher , and no t only the of her in Water. The waies of finding a must be in Sayling with an other . To bring her # so manyGlasses; then , as many; then on an Even|#: that way which she goesbest , is her , in respect of her Mowld Vnder|#Water. Then, to Make her goebett er, , or them vp, also the : then the , orgive it leave to , and so in time, it is easy with a litle dilli gence, to find the of a . Next to (whose daylie practis e it is) the |]#men(MANW:180) are the best in the world to find|#out th e of a , for they will never bequiet, but Trye her all wayes, and i f there be any Goodnes in her, they will make ] her goe. . is in the betwixt two Waves, When we Lay a vnder the Sea, yt is when we lay her Broad|#side to the Sea, we say She Lies in the ] the Sea; . those litle Woodden|#, being made without any , that ye of the doe run|#on: Also those litle round Things of , whichbelong to the , are called . . those , wch come from the side of the , and doe beare the mVp, Vpon the of the . . ] wch are made|#fast to ye of the : a nd are Vsed to two Vses; One to Bind|#fast the to the when she Rowles, either #, or at an; The other is to |#downe the in a Storme or Gust: belongonly to the z , and they are broug ht #too but vpon occasion;and also to the , which hath ever a . . ] word is significant; For it is (as you would say) the very vp of the , Vnder|#Water. Yf it Lye Lowe, that makes the Haue a , and hinders the Water from passing swiftly to ye :Yf it lye , the must be well in the , els s he(MANW:181) will want Bearing for her , Which being soe high and waightydoe Charge a much. . ] . ; ] . , is to ; Or to Let it run|]#out when as you may stop|#it: as more ; yt is more : is generally Vsed to the of more , to those wchare Vsed with|#out|#Boord: as to the , , or any wherbywe any thing: But it is not vsed to any b ut only to the. more ; yt is . When the Wind doth goe In zout; yt is sometimes to one , sometimes to an other, and tha t sodainely, as inthe Stormes it will very much, they say the Wind doth .. sailes, and the is , We say She goes ., z , for it is all one. the is in such Stiff ground yt we cannot it; Or els that the Sea goes soe high yt the cannot |#in the , then (for more help) we take a , and open one , and so putit in , (some 7. or 8. a Faddom distant from each other,) and with theis we Bind|#fast the to the , and so Bring this to the , and vpon it, and This will mo re(MAW:182) then the can: The is fastned together at both ends, withan , and a , or els with Two toge ther. ] is to any or Fleete at ; as we call of , which , to Conduct them saffe a|#Long, : Also are Vsed for to haue the come a|#Boord: Which is Co ate;Gowne, or the like hoong|#vp in the . Also it is a com(m)on signe ofsome Extremitie, when a doth hang a vpon the ; eith erthat it hath sproong a , or is in some Distresse. . of a , is the wch the doth make # her; shewing the that ye hath gon in the Sea; By this we give a iudgement what the doth make: For if the be right , then we know she makes her good as She Lookes: but if the be a , two, or more to , then the goes to of her . When a doth ; yt is w henshe doth not fall too at her , but doth it quickly, and thenwhen She is the is to , it is signe she ; and is a nimble . In they say we ; yt is we are got as farr into the Wind as she, and soe goe right after her, as she goes. ] . (MANW:183) . is When a is Built , after she comes to her Bearing; This is vn|#sightly, and (as they terme it) not |#shapen: but it makes a much the Roomier, and not the lesse in the Sea, Yf her Bearing be well|#Layed|#out. ] is said to be when she hath not enough to kee p her stiff to beare a > any which is vsed to a : wch is com(m)only a . ] to haue a , or any other , (sufficient to |#vp the ) and an bent to it; and so lay out over the , over which w eare to goe: and so by that to the foreward. This is vsed when we want a Wind to Carry|#vs|#out, or into a ; and this is called . ] is vsed at Sea, when we cannot come to Ground or ; we make her heeld|#over with her z Men, vpon the to a side, and so yt side z Scrape it, so much as is out of the Water, which i scom(m)only some 5. or 6. : This is don in , or in a smooth .. is Close by the . <#Wast> ] yt of the , wch is betweene the , z the . (MANW:184) . the wch are set|#vp in the <#Wast> of the , betweene the < Gun|]#wale>,and the ; But they are most vsed for , to be set t|#vp alongstthe Sides, to keep the Sea from Breaking|#in to them. . a generall terme, all the that are round about the |#work of the of the , are called ; and are the same that w eecall the of the . . the Sea, the is devided into two Parts; the one called the , the other the ; The i s theCheif of the , and his of the . Theis are intheir Turnes to , Trym|#, , and doe all dutie s for fowre howres,and then the other is to Releive them: Fowre howres t hey call a Whole: In and , they but ; that is, Whenone of the Company doe at a time. ] is When a is ever iust off the Ground, that She < floates>, then she is . that which the doe pretend should be the tha t ye should swym in when she is ; both z ; For you must know a never Drawes so much , as she doth ; for if she should, Shewould never well. (MANW:185) . ] a kind of : that is To the not Crosse the Tide, nor right|#vp z downe, the Tide, but (as you would say,) Betwixt both (that is ] ) . ] small Peece, or Ledge of xxxx wch Lyes o n the , close by the Sides; Which is to keepe the from run(n)ing|#downe there,is called the . . ] for a , or to Come towards them: O r els to goe from them, as the is is made, either Towards, or Fromwards the .. , are called her , or .Also when she a|#pace, they will say the hath good , < fresh|]#Way>,or the like. Likewise in Casting the , they allow h er ;that is so much as She Drives to , from that she seemes to ] goe. . ] is To goe to of a Place, or : Sometime s wee are so yt we cannot a to get cleere, and then we mu stdoe our best to Turne In z Out, till we can haue a faire Wind, or Claw|#it off .. is the next : and soe of all Parte(s) of the , or a nything yt is to ye |#side, we say It is the , or zc. ] when a is <#a hull>, to Lay her the other way without loosening (MANW:186) any : Which is only don by Bearing|#vp the : It is an e xcellent Conditionin a ; For most will not : The v se of it is That whenwe desire to Drive with her the other way , then wee need not openany , wherewth before the can Come weare Sh e will run a great wayto , when once She is Before the z Sea v nder .. Vse to Make|#fast the in the with : and also To putt a into the of the to Beare|#vp the vpon the . . like set to the Body of the , close vnder the ;downe to the : and are they which give the to the . are made so in Parts, that the may not be so apt to , as it wouldif it did run vpon a whole Round|#Body. . that which the doth hold in his hand, whereby he governes the , and doth it over from one side to an other. It hath a at one end, which is put over the end of the , and soe comes thr ough ye, vp into the . In great they are not vsed: for by reason ofthe of the , and the which lies vpon it in fowle weatherthey are not able to governe the with a , because conveniently therecan stand but one Man at the . ] which are ioyned and fastned the |#s ides into the , are called the . ] , is to Bring her about, either with the , or (MANW:187) with some Oares out at her , or , if She be a s mall :The |#vp; yt is When she comes to by her : When theyare Vnder|#, they vse to ask [ yt is Vpo n What the doth lye with her . . is thus fitted: a Great with 3. in it, which is fast to the end of a small wch is b roughtabout the of the , and so serves for a : This hath a broughtto it from the : Into the there is , which isalso through an other , having a at the end of it,which being put through the of the , is L ocked into it, with a, and so the Goods: The is i nto the , andso brought to the , whereby they in the Goods.. ] a peece of Timber, having some 6. or 8. Squar es; and is placed from one side of the Ship to the other close the aloft where the come in. Theis are never vsed in #or great Ships; but the doe vse them in good Ships, the reason is for that they goe very slightly , and ye doth much more then a , and with no danger to the ; For the the(y) with , put into made at either end, and though they cannot , or one s hould faile, the will it self; But at the , if one faile, it may be therest will be throwne from the and their Braines beaten out against the|#side: But the doth by much, and therefore We(having Men enough to it) doe vse that. They h aue a also in yehead of the , to the by the .(MANW:188) . thing that , wch may preiudice the |#sayling or , is said to be . (as too much , high , z ye like) Also when we in any great Stresse>we bring #or along st|#, Strike|#downe #or , and the like, becausethey hold : yt is They hold Wind Stiffly: For is as much as in t he sence of : as the ; yt is ] : . is When two are Let|#in to each other, so Close, that the Wood of the one, doth ioyne close to the other. ] , on the end of a , wherewith we drawe|#out the < Shott> of a , if there be any occasion . ] the of a small or alongst, betwixt the of a or , The vse whereof is, to help to Strengthen the , or to whichit is vsed. The vse This to New ; others to old that are ] almost decayed. ] to about any , or the like, to keep|#on a , or somewhat to strengthen it; Sometimes when the give way by the over|#charging of the they are fayne to |#to the ; which they doe, b y passing a through both sides, andsoe bringing it in againe, z wth to twist it together as strong as may be. Wenever any or , but we |#it also: and it is called the of the or . Also those wch come from ye over ye , and doth |#itfast|#downe from Rising off the , are called the of the .(MANW:189) . ] of th e are proportioned by the Breadth of the , so contrarywise the of the is proportioned by the Lengt h of her: The proportion of this is not absolute; for he who will haue a , may haue the narrower ; and so Contrary: But the best, an d mostabsolute that is agreed|#on is this. The of the is to be 5/6 parte(s)of the Length of her . The is to be 3 /7 of the ,and the , for Bignes, is to be 3/4 of an yn ch for a in Length. TheLength of the is to be 4/5 of the : The , and is to be all of a|# length; But allow the and |]#1/2 an ynch i n thicknes to a in Length: , that isMake them hang|#even: The doe properly and |]#;but when th e are , then the will |]#them:< Brase the yard>, yt is yt whose is : a ndby the , we square ye , yt is, Make them hang a|#Cross e, and one |]#not more then the other. Yf the be sett too|#forward, theywill hinder the of the . , is to . ] is not , but she goes In z out with her , they say . This doth much hinder a : and therefore when a is in , he doth put such to the , who can keepe her Steddiest and eavenest vpon a : Which is don only by Care and iudgement, toMeete her with the , before her , or els . (MANW:190) ] Sea is so rough that Men cannot governe the with their hands, then they two to the on each side at the e nd, and two through them, like Gunners|#, bring them t o the sides, and soe, having some at one , some at the other, the y Governe the as they are directed. There is also an other way: With taki ng a doubleTurne about the End of the with a . (the End b eing fast to the |#sides) And with This they maie Guide the , But notwith so much ease, as the other way. Now either of theis is called a to ] |#by. ] : ] In any thing into ye , if it catch|#hold by any part of of the , or , or the like, they say from the |#side. So if they would haue the , or of a of or the like, put , they say the zc. So yt generally Sea|#men vse this word , in busynes belonging to , in stead of the word , wch (to the like sence) is most com(m)only vsed amongst others. (MANW:pref1) ] ] . purpose is not to Instruct Those, whose Experience, and Observations haue m adethem as sufficient, or more then myself: Yet even They should loose nothing b y Re<|>]embring,for I haue proffited by mine owne Labor in Doing This: But my in tent,and the of this , is To Instruct One, whose , , |]of , or the like, cannot permit him to gaine t he Knowledge of ,, the z of Do ing Things with : Wthoutwhich there hath not any|#one arrived as yet to t he least iudgement or knowledgeof Them: It being so, That very few Gentlemen (th ough they be called Sea|#men)doe fully, and wholly Vnderstand what belongs to th eir , having only somescambling Termes and Names belonging to some p arts of a : But He whowill teach an|#other, must Vnderstand Things plainel y and distinctly himself; thatin|#stead of an other Mans Doubts, he doe not puzzle him withmore Confusion of Termes of <#Art>, and soe (to appeare t o know somewhat) willstill expound . And for , they either wantAbilitie and Dexteritie to expresse themselues, or (as they all doe generally) #Willto Instruct any Gentleman. If any will tell me why the Vulgar sort ofSea|#men hate |#men so much, either He, or I may give t he reason why theyare soe Vnwilling to Teach them in their <#Art>, whence it is, That soe manyGentlemen goe long Voyages, and returne (in a manner) as ignorant, and asvn|#able to doe their service, as when they went out. Theis ,, z wch I set|#downe in this , are belonging either toa Ship, to show her , or some Things necessary to th e z of Her, Or to the <#Art> of (for so much as C oncernes the vseof at Sea;) And those which are familiar Words, I set them downe if theyhaue any Vse or meaning about a , other then the com(m) on sence: And, inexpounding them, I doe showe what ,, and Things are don which they import; And therewith the proper, with the different , in any kind belonging or apperteyning tothat ; Which for better z easier finding|#ou t, and to avoid Confusion, I hauebrought into an , The and whereof is so apparant for Any who hath Com(m)aund at Se a,or for any who may be called to Censure and Iudge of the Sea|#, that i neede(MANW:pref2) Vse no Reasons to inforce it, Only thus much: This shall make a Man Vnder|]standwhat other men say, and speake it properly himself; Which, how convenient,Comely and necessary a thing it is, all men of sence do k now: Should not aman be Leashed (being #a or ) if he should C ry to the, and to the [ Or were it not ridiculous for a Man(speaking of the ) to call a a [ Or at Sea) the and, the z |#side of a z will vnderstand them alike. To Vnderstand the <#Art> of is farr easier learned, then to knowe t he, z ; wth the belon ging to them;in respect that there are Helpes for the first, by many , w ch give easie andordinary for the obteyning to it: But for the , till , there was notso much as a Meanes thought of to Informe any one in I t: Yf a Man be a sufficientSea|#man, with whom I Converse, and yet not know How to Instruct Me, I graunt Hemaie be fit to serve his but not His : But, I will speake it withas much Confidence as Truth, That in sixe Monethes, He who would but let me, to see Things how they are done, shall know more (without any great studdy,but Conversation) be a better Sea|#man, and Speake mo re properly to any Businesof the Sea, then an other Gentleman, who shall goe two or three yeares togeatherto Sea (without ) For by the pervsing of this , He shall not only what to , and , but likewise be .1